air travel regulations south africa

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  Latest News

For the latest South African travel regulations, please visit the South African Government website

Please note:

·        Airports are open and operating

·        Domestic flights are still operating

·        Passengers will require a PCR test depending on the destination, even when fully vaccinated. Please check with your airline to ensure that the regulations are adhered to.

·        There are testing facilities at O.R. Tambo International, Cape Town International and King Shaka International Airports O.R. Tambo International Airport: NHLS: 011 921 2887; 011 390 3006; 072 415 4635 Dischem: 011 390 3192 Navomix: 087 164 1203 WhatsApp: 072 571 6836 Bonvoyage Junxion Pharmacies: 011 390 1081

E-mail:  [email protected]

Cape Town International Airport: Navomix: 021 001 2866 [email protected] Dischem: 021 934 5217 King Shaka International Airport: Navomix: [email protected] WhatsApp: 072 571 6836  

Embassy contact details:

Embassies and Consulates ​

• ​O.R. Tambo International Airport
• Cape Town International Airport
• King Shaka International Airport
• Bram Fischer International Airport
• East London Airport
• George Airport
• Kimberley Airport
• Port Elizabeth International Airport
• ​Upington International Airport

17.  Can South Africans that are stuck abroad from high-risk countries return home?

Yes, provided that the traveller has tested negative after completing an official COVID-19 test within 72 hours prior to departure, and upon arrival the traveller must present a negative COVID-19 test result not older than 72 hours from the time of departure.

18.   Can South Africans travel to high-risk countries?

​South African citizens who wish to travel to high-risk countries must check with the country if their borders are open and requirements of travel. Please note that South African residents who want to travel to high-risk countries should contact the Department of Home Affairs for clarity.

The contact details are as below:

​Facebook:  @HomeAffairsZA

Twitter:  @HomeAffairsSA

Contact centre:  0800 60 11 90

Email:   [email protected]

Website:   http://www.dha.gov.za/index.php/ask-us ​

27.  If I am screened upon arrival and have an elevated temperature, but I have a negative PCR test, do I still have to go into quarantine?

Yes, travellers who are screened and found to have symptoms of COVID-19 will be required to have another test and be subjected to 10 days mandatory quarantine at a state-appointed facility at their own cost.

28.  What happens if the traveller is unable to afford a COVID-19 test or quarantine​?

​Please contact the Department of Health for clarity.

Whatsapp: 0600 123 456 Website:  https://www.health.gov.za/contact-us/​ ​

 29.   If I have a negative PCR test and screen negative, do I still need to quarantine?

No, if a traveller has a negative PCR test and passes screening, they are free to continue with their travels.  30.  Do travellers have to download the app to enable contact tracing?

 It is encouraged to do so by the South African Government.

31​.    Will there be exit screening on international flights? Yes, there will be exit screening that takes place.

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South Africa Travel Restrictions

Traveler's COVID-19 vaccination status

Traveling from the United States to South Africa

Open for vaccinated visitors

COVID-19 testing

Not required

Not required for vaccinated visitors

Restaurants

Not required in public spaces, enclosed environments and public transportation.

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Can I travel to South Africa from the United States?

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter South Africa.

Can I travel to South Africa if I am vaccinated?

Fully vaccinated visitors from the United States can enter South Africa without restrictions.

Can I travel to South Africa without being vaccinated?

Unvaccinated visitors from the United States can enter South Africa without restrictions.

Do I need a COVID test to enter South Africa?

Visitors from the United States are not required to present a negative COVID-19 PCR test or antigen result upon entering South Africa.

Can I travel to South Africa without quarantine?

Travelers from the United States are not required to quarantine.

Do I need to wear a mask in South Africa?

Mask usage in South Africa is not required in public spaces, enclosed environments and public transportation.

Are the restaurants and bars open in South Africa?

Restaurants in South Africa are open. Bars in South Africa are .

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South Africa

Travel Advisory February 5, 2024

South africa - level 2: exercise increased caution.

Updated to reflect safety consideration when using GPS navigation. 

Exercise increased caution in South Africa due to  crime  and  civil unrest . 

Country Summary:   Violent crime, such as armed robbery, rape, carjacking, mugging, and "smash-and-grab" attacks on vehicles, is common. There is a higher risk of violent crime in the central business districts of major cities after dark.

Using GPS navigation can lead to unsafe routes. GPS navigation may suggest shortcuts through townships as the quickest preferred route but can lead to increased risks of crime.

There have been incidents in which tourists traveling in Cape Town while using GPS navigation apps have been routed through residential areas with high rates of violent crime. The safest approach to return a rental car to Cape Town International Airport is to take the N2 highway and follow signs to Airport Approach Rd ( exit 16 ). Alternatively, request the rental car company to collect your vehicle and subsequently arrange an airport transfer from established taxi companies or established ridesharing services to reach the airport.

Demonstrations, protests, and strikes occur frequently. These can develop quickly without prior notification, often interrupting traffic, transportation, and other services; such events have the potential to turn violent. 

Please see our  Alerts  for up-to-date information. 

Read the  country information page  for additional information on travel to South Africa. 

 If you decide to travel to South Africa: 

• Research your route in advance, stay on major highways, avoid shortcuts through townships, and avoid reliance on GPS navigation apps.
• Avoid walking alone, especially after dark. 
• Avoid visiting informal settlement areas unless you are with someone familiar with the area. 
• Do not display cash or valuables. 
• Drive with doors locked and windows closed. 
• Always carry a copy of your U.S. passport and visa (if applicable). Keep original documents in a secure location. 
• Enroll in the  Smart Traveler Enrollment Program  ( STEP ) to receive Alerts and make it easier to locate you in an emergency. 
• Follow the Department of State on  Facebook  and  Twitter . 
• Review the  Country Security Report  for South Africa. 
• Prepare a contingency plan for emergency situations. Review the  Traveler’s Checklist . 
• Visit the CDC page for the latest  Travel Health Information  related to your travel. 

Embassy Messages

View Alerts and Messages Archive

Quick Facts

30 days beyond your intended date of exit from South Africa..

2 consecutive empty visa pages per entry (not including endorsement pages).

No, if visiting 90 days or less.

Yellow fever at least 10 days before arrival is required for travelers originating from or transiting through WHO-designated yellow fever countries.

ZAR 25,000; Foreign currency unlimited if declared; No Kruger coins.

ZAR 25,000; Foreign currency unlimited if amount was declared on entry; Up to 15 Kruger coins if proof purchased with foreign currency.

Embassies and Consulates

U.S. Embassy Pretoria 877 Pretorius Street, Arcadia Pretoria 0083 South Africa Telephone: +(27)(12) 431-4000 / 012-431-4000 Fax: +(27)(12) 431-5504 / 012-431-5504 The U.S. Embassy in Pretoria does not provide consular services to the public. Facebook Twitter Email: [email protected]

U.S. Consulate General Johannesburg 1 Sandton Drive (opposite Sandton City Mall) Johannesburg 2196 South Africa Telephone: +(27)(11) 290-3000 / 011-290-3000 (Monday – Thursday: 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.; Friday: 8:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m.) Emergency After-Hours Telephone: +(27) 79-111-1684 / 079-111-1684 (from within South Africa) Fax: +(27)(11) 884-0396 / 011-884-0396 Email: [email protected]

U.S. Consulate General Cape Town 2 Reddam Avenue, West Lake 7945, Cape Town, South Africa Telephone: +(27)(21) 702-7300 / 021-702-7300 (from within South Africa) Emergency After-Hours Telephone: +(27) 702-7300 / 079-111-0391 (from within South Africa) Fax: +(27)(21) 702-7493 / 021-702-7493 (from within South Africa) Email: [email protected]

U.S. Consulate General Durban 303 Dr. Pixley KaSeme Street (formerly West Street) 31st Floor Delta Towers Durban 4001 South Africa Telephone:  +(27) (31) 305-7600/031-305-7600 (from within South Africa) Emergency After-Hours Telephone:  +(27) (31) 305-7600 or +(27) 079-111-1445 / (031) 305-7600 or 079-111-1445 (from within South Africa) Fax: (+27)(31) 305-7691 / 031-305-7691 (from within South Africa) Email:   [email protected]

Destination Description

Learn about the U.S. relationship to countries around the world.

Entry, Exit and Visa Requirements

South Africa strictly enforces entry and exit requirements and other immigration laws. Failure to observe these requirements may result in the traveler being denied entry, detained, deported, or deemed inadmissible to enter South Africa in the future.

Please visit the  Department of Home Affairs website  for the most up to date entry and exit requirements.

The Embassy of the Republic of South Africa is located at 3051 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20008, telephone (202) 232-4400. Visit the  Embassy of South Africa  for the most current visa information.

Two Consecutive Blank Visa Pages:  South Africa requires travelers to have two consecutive completely blank visa pages in their passports upon every arrival in South Africa. YOU WILL BE DENIED ENTRY if you do not have two consecutive blank visa pages in your passport. This does not include the endorsement pages.

Traveling with minors:  There are special requirements for minors traveling through South African ports of entry. Visit the  Department of Home Affairs  website for the most up-to-date requirements for traveling with minors to or from South Africa.

Immunizations:  Travelers entering South Africa from WHO-designated countries with risk of yellow fever virus (YFV) transmission must present their current and valid International Certificate of Vaccination as approved by the World Health Organization (WHO) (“yellow card”). See the  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s South Africa page .

The U.S. Department of State is not aware of any HIV/AIDS entry restrictions for visitors to or foreign residents of South Africa. However, South Africa has a high HIV/AIDS prevalence.

Other:  Find information on  dual nationality ,  prevention of international child abduction  and  customs regulations  on our websites.

Safety and Security

Alerts regarding important safety and security information such as demonstrations, road security, and weather events are posted on the  Embassy’s website .

In South Africa the equivalent to the “911” emergency line is 10111.

• The following paragraphs provide a summary, but please read the Department of State’s most recent Overseas Security Advisory Council  Country Security Report  on South Africa, which provides detailed information about safety and security concerns for travelers to South Africa.

Civil Unrest:  Strikes and demonstrations occur frequently. These can develop quickly without prior notification and occasionally turn violent, and may include the burning of vehicles, buildings, or tires – which may serve as roadblocks; throwing rocks or other objects; or physical attacks. Strikes and demonstrations can also interrupt traffic and the provision of electricity, water, public transportation, fuel, and other goods and services. Periodic incidents of mob violence directed against refugees and immigrants from other African countries occur in South Africa.  During labor protests, strike breakers or those perceived to be strike breakers have been violently attacked.  Protests involving taxis and ride hailing services can turn violent.  See Travel and Transportation section below for guidance.

Precautions:

• Avoid demonstrations and use vigilance during your movements around the country. Even events intended to be peaceful can become violent.
• Maintain caution in areas frequented by foreigners.
• Monitor news and  Alerts .

Crime:  South Africa has a very high level of crime Violent crimes occur where people live, work, while in transit or out and about.  Violent residential crimes include armed home invasions by organized criminal groups resulting in assaults, rapes, and murder.  Popular tourist destinations and major hotel chains employ their own security that largely minimize such incidents on their properties.  Armed robbery, rape, kidnapping for ransom, carjacking, mugging, and "smash-and-grab" attacks on vehicles affect visitors and residents alike. Extra vigilance at traffic lights and on/off ramps where cars slow or stop is warranted.  To avoid robbery outside higher end stores when buying jewelry or electronics, many vendors will deliver your purchase to your home or hotel for a fee.  Crime can occur anywhere and anytime, including in and around Kruger National Park, and U.S. government staff and visitors have been robbed in the immediate vicinity of our diplomatic facilities. You should exercise particular caution in the central business districts (CBDs) of major cities, especially after dark. Crime victims have also been followed from the arrival hall of OR Tambo Airport in Johannesburg and then robbed once they reach their home or hotel.

Theft can be bold and in broad daylight.  Travelers and U.S. diplomats report having cell phones stolen from their hands, as well as purses or wallets taken off counters while paying for goods at stores.  Car theft and hijacking continues to plague the country, particularly in large cities.  Travelers should choose secure parking options and double check locked doors before leaving a parked car.

Throughout South Africa, U.S. citizens should:

• Avoid walking alone especially after dark.
• Avoid visiting informal settlement areas unless you are with someone familiar with the area. Please note that U.S. mission staff are required to use fully armored vehicles when visiting many townships in and around the Cape Town area and visiting hours are restricted to between 0700-1500 hours.
• Do not display cash and valuables.
• Avoid cash-in-transit vehicles both on the road, as well as ATMs when being refilled.  Armed criminal gangs frequently target cash-in-transit vehicles while stopped at customer sites, but also ambush cash-in-transit vehicles while on the road.  Such violent armed attacks involve automatic weapons, explosives, and gangs of criminals.  Criminals frequently use remote jamming and signal interceptors with success.
• Drive with doors locked and windows closed.
• Always carry a copy of your U.S. passport and visa (if applicable). Keep original documents in a secure location.
• Avoid driving during periods of load shedding (rolling blackouts) as the roads can become extremely congested due to a lack of traffic signals. These traffic jams and slow-moving traffic can provide opportunities for smash and grab robberies.

Student Groups:  There have been instances of student groups being robbed while conducting outreach and service visits in townships. On these occasions, student groups coordinated with officials to conduct service visits and upon arrival were held and then robbed by armed perpetrators.

Demonstrations occur frequently. They may take place in response to political or economic issues, on politically significant holidays, and during international events.

• Demonstrations can be unpredictable, avoid areas around protests and demonstrations.
• Past demonstrations have turned violent.
• Check local media for updates and traffic advisories.

Internet romance and financial scams are prevalent in South Africa. Scams are often initiated through Internet postings/profiles or by unsolicited emails and letters. Scammers almost always pose as U.S. citizens who have no one else to turn to for help. Common scams include:

• Romance/Online dating
• Money transfers
• Lucrative sales
• Gold purchase
• Contracts with promises of large commissions
• Grandparent/Relative targeting
• Free Trip/Luggage
• Inheritance notices
• Work permits/job offers
• Bank overpayments

Travelers need not surrender their credit card to any vendor.  They will bring a credit card machine to customers.

ATM and Credit Card skimming is common and visitors should be cautious about using ATMs outside of banks and reputable hotels.  Skimmers have also been found on machines used to pay parking tickets at shopping malls and office buildings.  Paying parking fees with cash avoids this risk.

See the FBI pages for information.

Victims of Crime:

U.S. citizen victims of sexual assault or domestic violence should report crimes to the local police at 10111. Remember that local authorities are responsible for investigating and prosecuting the crime.

See our webpage on  help for U.S. victims of crime overseas .

The U.S. Consulates General in South Africa can:

• help you find appropriate medical care
• assist you in reporting a crime to the police
• contact relatives or friends with your written consent
• explain the local criminal justice process in general terms
• provide a list of local attorneys
• provide information on  victim’s compensation programs in the U.S.
• provide an emergency loan for repatriation to the United States and/or limited medical support in cases of destitution
• help you find accommodation and arrange flights home
• replace a stolen or lost passport

Terrorism Threat:  Extremists with ties to international terrorist organizations, such as al-Qai’ida, al-Shabaab, and ISIS, historically have used South Africa as a logistical hub to conduct recruitment and financial facilitation. There has been increased activity by ISIS sympathizers and supporters locally, including the placement of incendiary devices and kidnapping for ransom operations. South African authorities have periodically arrested individuals and charged them with terrorism related crimes. The U.S. Department of Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control has publicly designated ISIS members operating in South Africa who have provided technical, financial, or material support to the terrorist group.  Check the  Mission’s website  to review Alerts to U.S. citizens, and  register  with the U.S. Mission to South Africa to receive new Alerts by email during your travels.

Game parks and outdoor safety:  Visitors have been injured and killed by wild animals in South Africa. It is dangerous to leave your vehicle in game parks outside of designated areas. Observe all park regulations and follow the instructions of guides. Be mindful of sharks when swimming. Rip tides are common and very dangerous. Do not swim alone in isolated areas or dive into unfamiliar waters.

Hikers must be prepared for rapidly changing weather conditions and ensure they have proper clothing and supplies. Many areas, especially in the Western Cape province, experience brush fires during the summer months (December-February). These fires can burn for several days. Monitor local media and follow fire crew instructions regarding road closures and evacuations.

Tourism:  The tourism industry is generally regulated and rules regarding best practices and safety inspections are regularly enforced. Hazardous areas and activities are identified with appropriate signage and professional staff is typically on hand in support of organized activities. In the event of an injury, appropriate medical treatment is widely available throughout the country. Outside of a major metropolitan center, it may take more time for first responders and medical professionals to arrive on the scene and provide life-saving assistance. U.S. citizens are strongly encouraged to purchase medical evacuation insurance . 

Infrastructure: Currently, periodic scheduled blackouts (known locally as “Load Shedding”) are common throughout the country.  These controlled rolling blackouts are employed to safeguard the country’s electrical grid and has resulted in nationwide outages of up to six hours or more without power daily. These electricity outages negatively impact businesses which do not possess an alternative power supply (e.g., diesel generators) including hotels. Additionally, during periods of load shedding, traffic lights will cease functioning creating traffic jams which provide opportunities for smash and grab crime. Load shedding can also impact water availability and safety, cell phone signal, fuel pumps (and therefore fuel availability), and residential security features especially in rural areas.

Local Laws & Special Circumstances

Criminal Penalties:  You are subject to local laws. If you violate local laws, even unknowingly, you may be deported, arrested, or imprisoned. Individuals establishing a business or practicing a profession that requires additional permits or licensing should seek information from the competent local authorities, prior to practicing or operating a business.

Furthermore, some crimes are also prosecutable in the United States, regardless of local law. For examples, see our website on  crimes against minors abroad  and the  Department of Justice website .

Arrest Notification:  If you are arrested or detained, ask police or prison officials to notify the nearest U.S. Consulate in South Africa immediately . See our  webpage  for further information.

Faith-Based Travelers: See our following webpages for details:

• Faith-Based Travel Information
• International Religious Freedom Report  
• Human Rights Report  
• Best Practices for Volunteering Abroad

LGBTQI+ Travelers:  There are no legal restrictions on same-sex sexual relations or the organization of LGBTI events in South Africa. [ER1]

See   our  LGBTQI+ Travel Information  page and section 6 of our Human Rights Report for further details.

Travelers with Disabilities:  South Africa law mandates access to buildings for persons with disabilities, but these laws are rarely enforced. Some tourist attractions, and restaurants near tourist attractions, are equipped with ramps and other options to facilitate access. Conditions vary significantly across the country.

The law in South Africa prohibits discrimination against persons with physical, sensory, intellectual and mental disabilities, and the law is enforced unevenly. Social acceptance of persons with disabilities in public is as prevalent as in the United States. Expect accessibility to be limited in public transportation, lodging, communication/information, and general infrastructure.

Students:  See our  Students Abroad  page and FBI travel tips .

Women Travelers:  See our travel tips for  Women Travelers .

Special Circumstances:  Parts of South Africa may face drought conditions, water scarcity, and rainfall patterns that may be erratic. Water supplies in some areas may be affected. Water-use restrictions may be in place in the affected municipalities.

For emergency services in South Africa, dial  10111 .

Ambulance services are

• not widely available and training and availability of emergency responders may be below U.S. standards;
• not present throughout the country or are unreliable in most areas except in major cities and may;   
• not be equipped with state-of-the-art medical equipment.
• We do not pay medical bills.  U.S. Medicare does not cover you overseas. Healthcare providers, including ambulances require payment in cash before services are performed.

Private medical facilities are good in urban areas and in the vicinity of game parks but limited elsewhere. Private medical facilities require a deposit before admitting patients. Pharmacies are well-stocked, but you should carry an adequate supply of prescription medication in original packaging, along with your doctor’s prescription. HIV and AIDS is a major public health concern.

Medical Insurance:  Make sure your health insurance plan provides coverage overseas. Visit the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for more information on type of insurance you should consider before you travel overseas.

If your health insurance plan does not provide coverage overseas, we strongly recommend  supplemental medical insurance and medical evacuation plans .

If traveling with prescription medication, check with the  Embassy of South Africa  to ensure the medication is legal in South Africa. Always, carry your prescription medication in original packaging with your doctor’s prescription.

The following diseases are prevalent:

• Hepatitis A
• Hepatitis B
• Yellow Fever
• Leptospirosis
• Schistosomiasis
• African Tick-bite Fever
• Chikungunya
• Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever
• Rift River Valley
• Avian/Bird Flu
• Tuberculosis (TB)

Vaccinations:  Be up-to-date on vaccinations  recommended by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

For further health information:

• World Health Organization
• U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Air Quality:  Visit AirNow Department of State for information on air quality at U.S. Embassies and Consulates.

The U.S. Embassy maintains a list of  doctors and hospitals. We do not endorse or recommend any specific medical provider or clinic.

Health facilities in general:

• Adequate health facilities are available in urban areas but health care in rural areas may be below U.S. standards.
• Public medical clinics lack basic resources and supplies.
• Hospitals usually require advance payment or proof of adequate insurance before admitting a patient.
• Psychological and psychiatric services are limited, even in the larger cities, with hospital-based care only available through government institutions

Pharmaceuticals:

• Exercise caution when purchasing medication overseas.  Pharmaceuticals, both over the counter and requiring prescription in the United States, are often readily available for purchase with little controls.  Counterfeit medication is common and may prove to be ineffective, the wrong strength, or contain dangerous ingredients.  Medication should be purchased in consultation with a medical professional and from reputable establishments.
• U.S. Customs and Border Protection and the Food and Drug Administration are responsible for rules governing the transport of medication back to the United States.  Medication purchased abroad must meet their requirements to be legally brought back into the United States.  Medication should be for personal use and must be approved for usage in the United States.  Please visit the U.S. Customs and Border Protection and the Food and Drug Administration websites for more information.

Water Quality

• In many areas, tap water is not potable. Bottled water and beverages are generally safe, although you should be aware that many restaurants and hotels serve tap water unless bottled water is specifically requested. Be aware that ice for drinks may be made using tap water.

General Health Language

• Use the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended mosquito repellents and sleep under insecticide-impregnated mosquito nets.  Chemoprophylaxis is recommended for all travelers even for short stays.
• HIV/AIDS is prevalent in South Africa and by some estimates as many as 1 in 7 South African residents are infected. Infection rates are even higher (1 in 5) among younger residents.
• Visit the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website for more information about Resources for Travelers regarding specific issues in South Africa.  

Travel and Transportation

Road Conditions and Safety: Road conditions are generally good in South Africa, but the road traffic death rate is nearly three times higher in South Africa than in the United States. The high incidence of road traffic mortality is due to a combination of poor driving, limited enforcement of traffic laws, road rage, aggressive driving, distracted driving, and driving under the influence of alcohol. Use extreme caution driving at night. U.S. government employees are discouraged from driving after dark outside of major metropolitan areas, except for highway travel between Pretoria and Johannesburg. Traffic lights are frequently out of order.

Traffic Laws: Traffic in South Africa moves on the left, and the steering wheel is on the right-hand side of the car. Under South African law, all occupants of motor vehicles equipped with seatbelts are required to wear them while the vehicle is in operation. Texting or talking on a cell phone without a hands-free unit while driving is illegal. Treat all intersections with malfunctioning traffic lights as a four-way stop.

South African law does not require an international driver’s license. A valid driver’s license from any U.S. state or territory that has the signature and photo of the driver is valid to drive in South Africa for stays of less than six months.

Please refer to the Road Safety page  for more information. Also, visit the websites of South African Tourism and the South African National Roads Agency for more information regarding local transportation trends and laws.

Public Transportation:

Taxis: The use of individual metered taxis dispatched from established taxi companies, hotel taxis, and tour buses is recommended. U.S. government personnel are not allowed to use minibus taxis or hail taxis on the street or use a taxi stand. Minibus taxi drivers are often unlicensed and drive erratically.

Transportation Network Companies: Transportation Network Companies (TNCs), such as Uber, also operate in South Africa. U.S. government personnel may only use TNCs with a dispatch application that provides vehicle description, license plate number, and the driver’s name, picture, user rating, and the ability to share trip information. The user should verify the information provided by the company, such as the vehicle make/model, license plate number, and driver’s name/picture, prior to entering the vehicle. TNCs should not be used to travel outside major metropolitan areas. Pick up and drop off should not be done near a traditional taxi stand due to tensions between rideshare and taxi drivers that have resulted in altercations.

Rail Service: The long-distance rail service, Shosholoza Meyl; the rapid rail Gautrain in Gauteng Province; and luxury rail services, such as Shosholoza Meyl Premier Classe, Blue Train, and Rovos Rail are generally safe and reliable, though mechanical problems and criminal incidents do sometimes occur. U.S. government personnel are not allowed to use the Metrorail commuter rail service because of safety and crime concerns. There have been recent reports of fires being set on Metrorail train cars.

Aviation Safety Oversight: The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has assessed the government of South Africa’s Civil Aviation Authority as being in compliance with International Civil Aviation Organization aviation safety standards for oversight of South Africa’s air carrier operations. Further information may be found on the FAA’s safety assessment page .

Maritime Travel: Mariners planning travel to South Africa should also check for U.S. maritime advisories and alerts on the Maritime Administration website. Information may also be posted to the websites of the U.S. Coast Guard and the National Geospace Intelligence Agency (select “broadcast warnings”).

For additional travel information

• Enroll in the  Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP)  to receive security messages and make it easier to locate you in an emergency.
• Call us in Washington, D.C. at 1-888-407-4747 (toll-free in the United States and Canada) or 1-202-501-4444 (from all other countries) from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m., Eastern Standard Time, Monday through Friday (except U.S. federal holidays).
• See the  State Department’s travel website  for the  Worldwide Caution  and  Travel Advisories .
• Follow us on  Twitter  and  Facebook .
• See  traveling safely abroad  for useful travel tips.

Review information about International Parental Child Abduction in South Africa . For additional IPCA-related information, please see the International Child Abduction Prevention and Return Act ( ICAPRA ) report.

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Updated regulations for domestic air travel: What you need to know

The shift to lockdown Level 3 comes at an inconvenient time when many South Africans are already away on holiday while others had planned trips around the new year.

South Africans learnt on 28 December that tighter lockdown restrictions would be introduced at midnight to curb the rising number of coronavirus infections in the country. President Cyril Ramaphosa announced the return to Level 3, with a few adjustments to the previous Level 3 restrictions.

As a result of the shift to lockdown Level 3, revised regulations for travellers have been issued by the Ministry of Transport. The rules regulating travel within South Africa were released on 29 December at a ministerial briefing.

REVISED REGULATIONS FOR DOMESTIC AIR TRAVEL

• Scheduled flights will be permitted to take off and land between 08:00 and 20:00.
• Airports will be allowed to open earlier and later than this to process passengers.
• Travel to COVID-19 hotspots is discouraged.
• South Africa’s international borders will remain open.
• Face masks must be worn on all public transport.
• No permits are required for inter-provincial travel — as was previously the case under level 3.
• Passengers who can present genuine boarding passes or passport stamps (relating to international travel) will not be penalised for movements during curfew hours.
• Alcohol may not be transported unless it is for export or if manufacturers are transporting it for storage or if it is used in industry.

Following the release of the new rules, South Africa’s local airlines have had to make adjustments to their flight schedules, inflight services and onboard catering.  Passengers who are due to fly should take note that several airlines have cancelled or rescheduled flights to comply with the new regulations.

FLIGHT SCHEDULE CHANGES

Since no flights may depart before 08:00 and arrive after 20:00, all airlines have had to cancel flights that operate outside the permitted time period. Most other flights will operate as usual. Passengers who are booked to travel on flights between 08:00 and 20:00 will not be affected.

PASSENGERS FLYING WITH AIRLINK

Airlink is adjusting its schedule of early morning and evening departures so that customers can comply with the new curfew with minimal disruption to their travel plans. The adjusted schedule will apply until 15 January.

Schedule changes will generally affect flights that were originally due to depart before 08:00 and arrive after 20:00. Rescheduled flights will depart as soon after 08:00 as possible and where applicable will arrive before 20:00.

Airlink will communicate schedule changes to customers holding tickets for any affected flights. Customers may consult the flight schedule on Airlink’s website . Customers can also change existing reservations online using the “Manage My Booking” function on the site.

Updates will be made through Airlink’s customer care centre from Monday to Friday, 08:00 to 16:30. They may be contacted on (011) 451-7337 or via Airlink’s flight schedule page on its website.

PASSENGERS FLYING WITH FLYSAFAIR

FlySafair will inform affected passengers of any adjustments by email and telephonically. Passengers are also asked to check FlySafair’s website and social media channels for updates. No actions are required from passengers other than to take note of their new flight departure times.

FlaySafair’s customer care centre and airport counters can assist passengers affected by the changes. The customer care centre can be contacted on 087-357-0030.  

The airline is easing restrictions for customers who voluntarily decide to cancel their trips. All customers can make penalty-free date changes. Fare differences will be charged if applicable. Customers can also convert existing tickets to a voucher for future use, subject to the airline’s standard R300 fee. This will apply while Level 3 restrictions remain in place.

PASSENGERS FLYING WITH KULULA

Kulula’s flight schedule has been adjusted for travel from 29 December until 15 January. Passengers who will be impacted most are those booked to travel on Kulula’s flights which were scheduled to operate in the early morning and late evening.

Affected customers will be contacted and re-accommodated by the airline. If customers would prefer to be booked on new flights, they must contact Kulula’s contact centre on 0861 KULULA (0861-585-852) for further assistance. All of the airline’s other flights will operate as scheduled.

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African Air Transport Management pp 33–76 Cite as

Air Transport Regulation: A Perspective on Africa’s Regulatory Framework

• Eyden Samunderu 5  
• First Online: 27 May 2023

114 Accesses

Part of the book series: Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development ((AAESPD))

Restricting air service operations through bilateral air service agreements traditionally is a common feature within the context of aviation in Africa. Preceding any moves towards liberalization on the continent, Africa’s aviation environment was characterized by government protectionism over weak, state-owned airlines through tight regulatory policies aimed at protecting national flag carriers from foreign competition. However, under the Yamoussoukro Decision (YD) in 1999, 44 signatory members of the African Union (AU) formalized the road map transition to open up African airspace through the adoption of an “open skies” policy. This chapter explores the development of air transport liberalization from a historical perspective through a rigorous lens analysis, in particular, highlighting the fundamental weaknesses of the YD. However, the African governments have bolstered their attempt to liberalize air transport market within the region through the signing of the Single African Air Transport Market (SAATM) on January 28, 2018. SAATM is expected to bring about enhanced connectivity across the continent leading to sustainable development of the aviation and tourism industry with significant contribution to economic growth, inclusive job creation, poverty reduction, prosperity, and integration across Africa. The initiative—the Single African Air Transport Market (SAATM) is one of 12 flagship initiatives on the AU’s agenda 2063. The chapter examines the potential effects of air transport liberalization using regression methods on selected markets such as South Africa, Kenya, Ethiopia and Nigeria. The results of the analysis present a meaningful insight into the benefits of opening up markets which lead to increased passenger traffic among participating nations.

• Regulations
• Yamoussoukro Decision
• Freedom rights
• Air service agreements
• Bilateral air service agreements
• Air transport liberalization

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Samunderu, E. (2023). Air Transport Regulation: A Perspective on Africa’s Regulatory Framework. In: African Air Transport Management. Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29324-5_2

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COVID-19 Travel Regulations for South Africa

Last updated on June 24, 2022

Are you planning a trip to South Africa ? Read on to learn about the current COVID-19 regulations and entry requirements applicable for travelers to South Africa. Make sure to also check the official South Africa government travel website and your home country travel regulations for latest updates as regulations might change quickly.

*Latest updates highlighted in red

Current Entry Requirements Upon Arrival

• Apply for a Visa.
• Complete the traveler health questionnaire before departure to South Africa.
• As of June 23, 2022 South Africa has cancelled all COVID-19 related entry restrictions. Prior to that, proof of vaccination or negative PCR test obtained within 72 hours before departure was still required. There are no more entry restrictions related to COVID-19.

During Your Stay

• From June 23, 2022, wearing of face masks is no longer required when indoor. 

For Your Departure

As regards quarantine on the way back home, travelers must check their home country regulations , as these vary from country to country and week to week.  Testing is available at a variety of places . You may incur extra charges.

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The country has been on adjusted alert level 1 from 30 December 2021.

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• 50%  – maximum capacity of venues for indoor and outdoor gatherings.
• 72  – maximum hours for the validity of a COVID-19 test as proof of vaccination at indoor and outdoor venues.
• 1 000  – maximum number of people permitted to gather indoors without proof of vaccination.
• 2 000  – maximum number of people permitted to gather outdoors without proof of vaccination.
• 200  – maximum number of people permitted at a funeral.
• 72  – maximum hours for the validity of a negative PCR test travellers entering South Africa will need to show.
• The wearing of masks in indoor public places is still mandatory.

How is South Africa doing with regard to COVID-19 response? South Africa has conducted over 23.6 million COVID-19 tests in both public and private health care facilities. 

What Is COVID-ALERT App? The COVID-Alert APP alerts subscribers and provides relevant information if they have been in contact with any person who has tested positive for the virus.  The APP helps to minimize the risk of spreading the virus. We request all international travellers who intend to visit the country to download the APP so that they can monitor and minimise their risk of exposure to the COVID-19 virus.

Where can I download the COVID-ALERT app ? You can download the app from the   Apple App Store  or   Google Play  before you arrive in South Africa or on arrival.

When will borders be opened for international travel? The 20 land borders which are fully operational, will remain as such and the 33 land borders which were closed, will remain closed.

What informed the decision to open the borders to international travel? Government has adopted a gradual reopening of borders and ports of entry for international travel for business, leisure and other travel guided by the communique published by the World Health Organisation (WHO) on Public Health on considerations for international travel, as well as epidemiological and transmission rates both in South Africa and the traveller’s countries of origin.

What are the health protocols when travelling to South Africa? Travellers intending to visit the country will have to produce a valid certificate of of a negative COVID-19 test, recognised by the World Health Organization, that was obtained not more than 72 hours before the date of travel.

In the event of a traveller’s failure to submit a certificate as proof of a negative COVID-19 test, the traveller will be required to do an antigen test on arrival, at their own expense. 

Which airports will be opened for international air travel? Three airports will be opened and operational for international air travel.  These airports are: O.R. Tambo International (in Johannesburg, Gauteng); Cape Town International (in Cape Town, Western Cape); King Shaka International in (Durban, KwaZulu-Natal); Lanseria International Airport; and Kruger Mpumalanga International Airport

What about daily commuters from neighbouring countries? Daily commuters from neighbouring countries, who attend or teach at a school in the Republic, and who are allowed entry into and exit from the Republic, are subject to complying with protocols relating to- (a) screening for COVID-19 and quarantine or isolation, where necessary; (b) the wearing of a face mask; (c) transportation; and (d) sanitisation and social distancing measures as per the relevant health protocols on safety and prevention of the spread of COVID-19.

Which land ports of entry will be opened for travellers from other African countries? 20 land borders are fully operational and the 33 land borders, which have been closed, will remain closed. Travellers who present themselves at borders that are unable to accommodate them will be directed to the currently operational border posts for processing.

What about transit travellers? Transit travellers through South Africa by air will be allowed to connect to their destinations, subject to them complying with applicable health protocols.

How are countries identified as high risk, medium risk and low risk? South Africa has developed a risk categorisation model for different international travellers. This model classifies international travellers according to a scale of high, medium and low risk.  High-risk travellers are those who come from countries with higher numbers of COVID-19 infections and reported deaths compared to South Africa.

Medium risk travellers are from countries with a relatively equal number of infections and death toll to South Africa and low-risk travellers originate from countries with lesser number of infections of COVID-19 and death toll than South Africa.

Will leisure travellers from high-risk countries be permitted to travel to South Africa? The South African Government’s relaxing of level 1 lockdown rules around international travel allows entry for visitors from any country, provided they follow the prescribed health and safety guidelines.

Can I travel to a high-risk country to visit a family member?  Yes, you can, however, you will be subject to the travel protocols in that country. Please be mindful though that countries can close their borders to international travellers at any given stage to curb the spread of the virus. 

Which are the high-risk countries? The list of high-risk countries are frequently updated and can be accessed on the Home Affairs website: www.dha.gov.za

What are the compliance requirements for airline operators? A Foreign Operator (meaning an airline) is required to submit procedures that show the level of compliance with South African COVID-19 legislation for approval to the South African Civil Aviation Authority.

What are the compliance requirements relating to passengers? Passengers are required to wear face masks at all times and may only remove face masks during emergencies or when instructed by cabin crew to take them off. In addition  and must observe social distancing, ensure handwashing, and sanitise regularly.

A passenger who is unable to wear a face mask due to an underlying medical condition must submit a medical certificate from a registered medical practitioner to the Operator prior to departure.

A child under the age of two years may be exempted from wearing a face mask. This is because masks can restrict breathing for small children as their airways are smaller than older children and adults.

A passenger must provide to the Operator a certificate of a negative COVID-19 tests, recognised by the World Health Organization, obtained not more than 72 hours before the date of travel. If a passenger is symptomatic, the necessary protocols of the National Department of Health will be followed.

What are the compliance requirements relating to crew members of airlines? Crew members are required to wear face masks at all times, except when conducting a safety briefing and during an emergency. Crew members shall upon arrival in South Africa be subjected to health protocols as contemplated for in Health Directions. An Operator must ensure the following risk mitigation measures for crew members:

(a) conduct risk assessments to ensure that crew members are fit and proper before they undertake their travel duties and mitigate the risk of COVID-19 crew infections; and

(b) ensure that crew members are protected whilst on duty.

What about travellers wishing to enter South Africa via seaports? To facilitate ease of transportation of goods and medicines to and from the country, ships will be allowed to dock, load and off-load cargo. Crew members from the cargo ships will be allowed to crew changes. These crew members will also be medically screened for COVID-19 symptoms. 

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There are a number of regular visitors from mainly European countries that have been accustomed to long periods of visitation to our country during our summer season when it is winter in the Northern Hemisphere. Most of them own properties in the country. We appreciate the significant economic contribution that they make through their activities in the country. To this end, we will also allow visitors, in whichever category, who are coming to stay for a three months period or more subject to Covid-19 protocols.

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Outbound travel on the rise: South Africans' guide to air capacity and fares in today's market

In short, the sky-high demand for flights is a dominant driving force behind the cost of travel in 2024

As the resurgence of international tourism unfolds, South African travellers must stay ahead of the curve in navigating the evolving air travel landscape. Recent data from the World Tourism Organisation indicates that international tourism has rebounded impressively, reaching 90% of pre-pandemic levels in 2023. However, this rebound comes with its own set of challenges and opportunities, particularly concerning air capacity and fares. “The travel industry is still finding its rhythm, leading to reduced flight options and fluctuating fares. It’s a landscape that generously rewards planning. Booking early – especially when travelling during peak season – combats many current challenges, giving South Africans more control over their trips and opening up international adventures that might otherwise feel out of reach,” comments Euan McNeil, managing director of Flight Centre Travel Group South Africa.

Air capacity and its impact on fares

Air capacity (the number of seats airlines offer) is still recovering from pandemic-era lows, caused by supply chain disruptions and staff cuts. Airlines are working hard to remedy the damage done, but new factors like manufacturing delays, skills shortages, and ongoing route adjustments mean capacity remains lower than 2019 levels.

This reduced capacity is even more noticeable when considering the International Air Transport Association predicts a record 4.7 billion passengers will fly globally in 2024.

Why fares won’t return to pre-pandemic levels

Along with the challenges mentioned above, economic pressures like fuel costs, global conflicts, and inflation have reshaped the price of flying. “Add in the sheer volume of people eager to travel again, and airlines simply don’t need to rely on last-minute discounts like they once did,” explains McNeil.

“The travel sector continued to thrive in 2023 with both travel agents and airlines welcoming amplified consumer spending – 10.4% and 30.8% increases, respectively, according to TTG Media. This sustained surge in travel demand directly affects pricing,” he adds.

While many travellers long for the ‘good old days’ of rock-bottom last-minute fares, Flight Centre’s travel experts insist that it is wiser to focus on other strategies, like booking at least six to 10 months in advance for international trips unless you happen to be travelling outside of peak periods.

“Booking early is hands-down the best way to score better fares and flight availability. You gain access to a wider range of options and have the luxury of time for planning the rest of your adventure. The last-minute scramble during peak holiday periods is rarely the budget-savvy approach anymore,” McNeil emphasises.

After all, airlines use a supply-demand model called ‘dynamic pricing’, adjusting ticket costs in response to real-time demand.

In short, the sky-high demand for flights is a dominant driving force behind the cost of travel in 2024. That said, there are ways to side-step this. Along with booking well in advance, it’s helpful to set fare alerts using online tools, be flexible with your travel dates (especially if you aren’t bound by school holidays), and have a travel agent in your corner to guide you regarding when and what to book.

Travel timing: Are we too late for summer in Europe?

Sadly, if a European summer was on your 2024 travel bucket list, you may have already missed the boat (or the plane, in this case). The secret to affordability? Opt for the shoulder season instead – if you travel in May or September, you’ll enjoy similar experiences with less crowding and significantly lower fares.

McNeil also advises exploring some of Europe’s less-trodden gems. For example, swap the sun-kissed Greek Islands for the gorgeous Albanian coastline. Swap Italy for Slovenia, and France for Belgium – you’ll love exploring the medieval cities of Bruges and Ghent, indulging in amazing chocolate and beer, and biking through the countryside.

If your heart’s set on a specific destination, flexibility with dates and even accommodation types is your best bet (flexibility is the new currency). The visa factor

Remember, planning isn’t just about the flight! Popular destinations like those in the Schengen area, the UK, Australia, Canada, and the USA may have extended visa processing times.

The visa factor

Currently, depending on the destination, you can expect to receive your visa between two weeks and three months from the date of your application. Since visa processing times are constantly fluctuating, it’s vital to have a travel expert in your corner to guide you, helping you avoid any potentially costly missteps.

McNeil emphasises that, whenever possible, it’s wise to start the visa application process as soon as you can – the moment your travel plans and documentation meet the requirements of the visa application in question.

Ultimately, it’s evident that the air travel world is in a state of flux. The key to success? Proactive planning and an understanding of changing pricing dynamics. Understandably, clued-up travel agents are every savvy traveller’s secret weapon to affordable international journeys.

All rights reserved. © 2022. Bizcommunity.com Provided by SyndiGate Media Inc. ( Syndigate.info ).

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Regulations and Guidelines - Coronavirus COVID-19

Core regulations

Other regulations

Disaster management act, regulations.

Health regulations

• National Health Act: Regulations relating to the Surveillance and the Control of Notifiable Medical Conditions: Repeal , 22 Jun 2022
• National Health Act and International Health Regulations Act: Regulations: Surveillance and control of notifiable medical conditions; Public measures in points of entry; Management of Human Remains; Environmental Health: Extension of deadline for comments , 4 May 2022
• National Health Act: Regulations: Surveillance and control of notifiable medical conditions: Amendment , 4 May 2022
• National Health Act: Regulations: Surveillance and the control of notifiable medical conditions; Public measures in points of entry; Management of Human Remains; and Environmental Health: Extension of deadline for comments , 19 Apr 2022
• National Health Act: Regulations: Surveillance and control of notifiable medical conditions: Amendment: Extension of deadline for comments invited , 14 Apr 2022
• National Health Act: Regulations: Surveillance and control of notifiable medical conditions: Amendment: Comments invited , 15 Mar 2022
• International Health Regulations Act: Regulations: Public health measures in points of entry: Comments invited , 15 Mar 2022
• National Health Act: Regulations: Management of human remains: Comments invited , 15 Mar 2022
• National Health Act: Regulations: Environmental health: Comments invited , 15 Mar 2022
• Regulations in place with lifting of National State of Disaster , 4 April 2022
• Alert level 1 adjusted lockdown regulations , 30 September 2021 as amended on 22 March 2022
• Alert level 2 adjusted lockdown regulations , 12 September 2021
• Alert level 3 adjusted lockdown regulations , 25 July 2021 as amended on 30 July 2021
• Alert level 4 lockdown regulations amendment , 29 June 2021
• Alert level 4 adjusted lockdown regulations , 27 June 2021
• Alert level 3 adjusted lockdown regulations , 15 June 2021 as amended on 17 June 2021
• Alert level 2 adjusted lockdown regulations , as amended on 30 May 2021
• Alert level 1 adjusted lockdown regulations , as amended on 22 Apr 2021
• Determination of adjusted alert level 1 , 28 Feb 2021
• Alert level 1 lockdown regulations , as amended on 24 Dec 2020
• Alert level 4 lockdown regulations , 29 Apr 2020
• Lockdown regulations , as amended on 20 Apr 2020
• Lockdown regulations amendment , 20 Apr 2020
• Lockdown regulations amendment , 16 Apr 2020
• Regulations: Coronavirus Covid-19 social relief of distress , 22 Apr 2022
• Amended directions for Home Affairs services , 21 Apr 2022
• Directions: Full time return of learners to schools and measures to address, prevent and combat the spread of Coronavirus COVID-19 in the Education Sector , 4 Apr 2022
• Directions: Establishment of a COVID-19 Vaccine Injury No-Fault Compensation Scheme , 4 Apr 2022
• Amended  directions for Sport, Arts and Culture , 1 Apr 2022
• Extension for validity period of Learner’s Licences, Driving Licence Cards, Licence Discs, Professional Driving Permits and Registration of Motor Vehicles , 1 Apr 2022
• Withdrawal of directions for National Environmental Management permits and licences , 22 Mar 2022
• Taxi relief fund towards impact of Coronavirus COVID-19: Amendments , 2 Mar 2022
• Amended directions for full time return of learners to schools , 6 Feb 2022
• Amended directions for closing and re-opening of schools , 14 Jan 2022
• Amended directions: Marking examination scripts of examinations , 9 Dec 2021
• Taxi relief fund towards impact of Coronavirus COVID-19 , 2 Dec 2021
• Withdrawal of directions in the biodiversity, waste, freshwater and marine fishing sectors , 28 Oct 2021
• Amended Alert Level 1 air services directions , 22 Oct 2021
• Amended directions for closing and re-opening of schools , 22 Oct 2021
• Amended directions relating to social development , 11 Oct 2021
• Amended directions for Home Affairs services , 28 Sept 2021
• Amended directions of extension validity period of learner’s licences, driving licence cards, licence discs, professional driving permits and registration of motor vehicles , 31 Aug 2021
• Directions: Temporary Financial Relief Scheme for destroyed, affected or looted workplaces , 10 Aug 2021
• Amended directions relating to social development , 3 Aug 2021
• Amended  directions for Sport, Arts and Culture , 2 Aug 2021
• Amended directions for re-opening of schools in 2021 , 1 Aug 2021
• Amended directions for courts, court precincts and justice service points , 30 Jul 2021
• Directions on correctional centres and remand detention facilities , 21 Jul 2021
• Temporary Employee/Employer Relief Scheme (TERS) benefits for certain categories of employees , 20 Jul 2021
• Amended  directions for Sport, Arts and Culture , 19 Jul 2021
• Amended directions for courts, court precincts and justice service points , 16 Jul 2021
• Amended directions relating to biodiversity sector , 16 Jul 2021
• Amended directions for re-opening of schools in 2021 ,15 Jul 2021
• Small Business Development directions , 15 Jul 2021
• Amended directions relating to social development , 9 Jul 2021
• Amended information and communications technology regulations , 7 Jul 2021
• Amended  directions for Sport, Arts and Culture , 6 Jul 2021
• Amended directions relating to biodiversity sector , 5 Jul 2021
• Amended directions for Home Affairs services , 30 Jun 2021
• Amended Adjusted Alert Level 4 directions for Basic Education , 29 Jun 2021
• Directions for re-opening of schools in 2021 , 28 May 2021
• Directions for re-opening of schools in 2021 , 23 Apr 2021
• Temporary Employee/Employer Relief Scheme (TERS) benefits for certain categories of employees , 20 Apr 2021
• Amended information and communications technology regulations , 31 Mar 2021
• National framework and criteria for management of 2021 Academic Year in public and private higher education institutions , 29 Mar 2021
• Amended directions for re-opening of schools in 2021 , 27 Mar 2021
• Amended directions for Home Affairs services , 26 Mar 2021
• Amended public transport services Alert Level 1 directions , 25 Mar 2021
• Amended railway operations Alert Level 1 directions, 25 Mar 2021
• Amended health directions - disposal of mortal remains , 19 Mar 2021
• Amended Alert Level 1 air services directions , 1 Mar 2021
• Amended directions relating to social grants and adoptions , 22 Feb 2021
• Directions for re-opening of schools in 2021 , 12 Feb 2021
• Alert level 3 Sea Ports directions: Correction , 10 Feb 2021 
• Alert level 3: Courts, court precincts and justice service points , 3 Feb 2021
• Alert level 3 Sea Ports directions , 29 Jan 2021
• Amended Cross-Border Road Transport Services Alert Level 3 directions , 29 Jan 2021
• Railway operations amended Alert Level 3 directions, 29 Jan 2021
• Amended public transport services Alert Level 3 directions , 29 Jan 2021
• Amended Alert Level 3 air services directions , 29 Jan 2021
• Directions on correctional centres and remand detention facilities , 28 Jan 2021
• Re-opening of schools for the 2021 Academic Year under Adjusted Alert Level 3 , 22 Jan 2021
• Amended Adjusted Alert Level 1 directions for Home Affairs services , 14 Jan 2021
• Amended Adjusted Alert Level 3 directions for Sport, Arts and Culture , 5 Jan 2021
• Directions: Marking examination scripts of 2020 National Senior Certificate and Senior Certificate examinations , 31 Dec 2020
• Amended public transport services directions , 24 Dec 2020
• Amended health directions , 15 Dec 2020
• Amended public transport services directions , 14 Dec 2020
• Amended Alert Level 1 air services directions , 3 Dec 2020
• Amended directions of extension validity period of learner’s licences, driving licence cards, licence discs, professional driving permits and registration of motor vehicles , 3 Dec 2020
• Amended Alert Level 1 sea ports directions , 3 Dec 2020
• Amended Alert Level 1 directions for Home Affairs services , 3 Dec 2020
• Amended health directions , 3 Dec 2020
• Amended electronic communications, postal and broadcasting directions , 27 Nov 2020
• Coronavirus COVID-19 Temporary Employee/Employer Relief Scheme: Withdrawal , 27 Nov 2020
• Directions for correctional centres , 10 Nov 2020
• Amended directions relating to social development , 2 Nov 2020
• Amended directions for land ports in Alert Level 1 , 23 Oct 2020
• Amended directions for re-opening of schools , 21 Oct 2020
• Social development directives , 7 Oct  2020
• Directions relating to biodiversity auctions , 7 Oct 2020 
• Amended directions for Sport, Arts and Culture , 7 Oct  2020
• Directions: National framework for tuition and accommodation fees for academic years 2020 in public higher education institutions , 5 Oct 2020
• Directions: Alert Level 1: Norms and standards for religious gatherings , 3 Oct 2020
• Level 1 sea ports directions , 1 Oct 2020
• Level 1 air services directions , 1 Oct 2020
• Directions: Alert Level 1: Norms and standards for religious gatherings , 1 Oct 2020
• Amended directions on Coronavirus COVID-19 lockdown , 1 Oct 2020
• Level 1 cross border road transport directions , 1 Oct 2020
• Consolidated direction on occupational health and safety measures in certain workplaces , 1 Oct  2020
• Amended directions for cross border road transport services , 1 Oct 2020
• Alert level 1 directions for Home Affairs services , 30 Sept 2020
• Amended directions for tourism facilities, services and products , 23 Sept 2020
• Mandating of short code for National Emergency Services , 22 Sept 2020
• Amended public transport services directions , 16 Sept 2020
• Amended air services directions , 16 Sept 2020
• Amended directions for re-opening of schools , 15 Sept 2020
• Alert level 2: Amended directions on phased return of children to early childhood development programmes and partial care facilities , 11 Sept 2020
• Alert level 2: Courts, court precincts and justice service points , 11 Sept 2020
• Amended electronic communications, postal and broadcasting directions , 11 Sept 2020
• Directions for National Environmental Management permits and licences , 9 Sept 2020
• Directions for correctional centres , 4 Sept 2020
• Public transport services amended directions , 2 Sept 2020
• Railway operations amended directions , 2 Sept 2020
• Amended directions for Sport, Arts and Culture , 28 Aug 2020 
• Amended directions for tourism facilities, services and products , 25 Aug 2020
• Alert level 2 public transport services directions , 25 Aug 2020
• Alert level 2 air services directions , 25 Aug 2020
• Amended directions for Home Affairs services , 25 Aug 2020
• Alert level 2 sea port directions , 20 Aug 2020
• Direction: Coronavirus COVID-19 temporary employee/employer relief scheme , 13 Aug 2020
• Amended directions for biodiversity sector , 7 Aug 2020
• Criteria that will guide the determination of alert levels , 7 Aug 2020
• Amended health directions , 7 Aug 2020
• Amended social development diretions , 6 Aug 2020
• Amended directions for sporting events, training and matches to resume, opening of libraries, museums, cinemas, theatres, galleries and archives under Alert Level 3 , 6 Aug 2020
• Amended directions for tourism facilities, services and products , 6 Aug 2020
• Amended directions: Alert level 3: Re-opening of schools , 2 Aug 2020
• Amended directions for Home Affairs services , 31 Jul 2020
• Directions on livestock auctions , 31 Jul 2020
• Amended directions for biodiversity sector , 28 Jul 2020
• Directions for auctions and sales in execution conducted by Sheriffs of the Court , 27 Jul 2020
• Amended alert level 3 air services directions , 24 Jul 2020
• Compensation for workplace acquired novel Coronavirus COVID-19 disease directive , 23 Jul 2020
• Amended directions of extension validity period of learner’s licences, driving licence cards, licence discs, professional driving permits and registration of motor vehicles , 22 Jul  2020
• Directions on public transport services , 22 Jul 2020
• Amended health directions , 17 Jul 2020
• Directions on phased return of children to early childhood development programmes and partial care facilities , 10 Jul 2020
• Amended directions: Alert level 3: Re-opening of schools , 7 Jul 2020
• Amended directions for sporting events, training and matches to resume, opening of libraries, museums, cinemas, theatres, galleries and archives under Alert Level 3 , 6 Jul 2020
• Amended directions for Home Affairs services , 3 Jul 2020
• Amended directions to municipalities and provinces , 3 Jul 2020
• Amended alert level 3 air services directions , 2 Jul 2020
• Directions: Alert level 3: Re-opening of skills development institutions , 29 Jun 2020
• Amended directions: Alert level 3: Re-opening of schools , 29 Jun 2020
• Directions: Alert level 3: Tourism facilities, services and products , 29 Jun 2020
• Amended health directions , 26 Jun 2020
• Directions: Re-opening of schools , 23 Jun 2020
• Directions: Alert level 3, 4 and 5: Correctional services and remand detention facilities , 22 Jun 2020
• Directions: Protocols for the Personal Care Services , 19 Jun 2020
• Amended communications and digital technologies sector directions for alert level 3 , 12 Jun 2020
• Directions: Alert level 3 Live Streaming of the Creative Sector Services , 11 Jun 2020
• Directions: Alert level 3: Call centres, car sales, automotive repairs, sale of clothing, footwear and bedding, COVID-19 Export Control Regulations, Block Exemption for Retail Property Sector , 11 Jun 2020
• Directions: Alert level 3 Sport, Arts and Cultural Events , 11 Jun 2020
• Directions: Temporary measures during Coronavirus COVID-19 level 3 for entry into or exit from South Africa for emergency medical attention for life-threatening condition, evacuation of South Africans to South Africa, repatriation of foreign nationals to their countries or residence or return of South Africans to their place of employment or study outside the country, and extension of validi period of asylum seeker permits, and refugee status granted , 10 Jun 2020
• Directions: Criteria to return to public university and private higher education campuses as part of a phased-in return from Level 3 under Coronavirus COVID-19 lockdown , 8 Jun 2020
• Directions: Zero-rating of websites for Education and Health , 5 Jun 2020
• Directions for National Environmental Management Permits and Licences , 5 Jun 2020
• Directions for forestry sector , 5 Jun 2020
• Directions for biodiversity sector , 5 Jun 2020
• Directions for freshwater and marine fishing sectors , 5 Jun 2020
• Consolidated Direction on Occupational Health and Safety Measures in Certain Workplaces , 4 Jun 2020
• Alert level 3: Courts, court precincts and justice service points , 2 Jun 2020
• Amended re-opening of schools under Coronavirus COVID-19 lockdown , 1 Jun 2020
• Directions on the resumption of construction and related services in post school education and training institutions , 1 Jun 2020
• Alert level 3 railway operations directions , 30 May 2020
• Alert level 3 public transport directions , 30 May 2020
• Alert level 3 air services directions , 30 May 2020
• Re-opening of schools under Coronavirus COVID-19 lockdown , 29 May 2020
• Alert level 3 directions for religious gatherings , 28 May 2020
• Amended directions for biodiversity sector , 26 May 2020
• Amended directions on COVID-19 temporary employee / employer relief scheme , 26 May 2020
• Directions to permit travel and recommencement of studies for Final Year Medical Students registered at South African public universities during Coronavirus COVID-19 lockdown , 26 May 2020
• Amended communications and digital technologies sector directions for alert level 4 , 26 May 2020
• Amended health directions , 25 May 2020
• Alert level 4 amended public transport services directions , 22 May 2020
• Transport directions on commencement of services and extension for validity period of learner's and driving licences, licence disks, professional driving permits and registration of motor vehicles , 20 May 2020
• Energy and petroleum products directions , 15 May 2020
• Amended directions on COVID-19 temporary employee / employer relief scheme , 15 May 2020
• Directions for recyling of waste , 14 May 2020
• Directions for freshwater and marine fishing sectors , 14 May 2020
• Directions for biodiversity sector , 14 May 2020
• Amended alert level 4 railway operations directions , 14 May 2020
• e-Commerce sales during Alert Level 4 directions , 14 May 2020
• Once-off movement directions , 14 May 2020
• Directions on sale of clothing, footwear and bedding , 12 May 2020
• Directions on sale of cars and emergency automobile repairs , 12 May 2020
• Directions to assist micro and small businesses trading during Coronavirus COVID-19 lockdown , 12 May 2020
• Directions on return of South African citizens and the repatriation of foreign nationals to their countries of nationality or residence , 9 May 2020
• Social development directions amendment , 9 May 2020
• Amended electronic communications, postal and broadcasting directions , 8 May 2020
• Amended directions on movement of persons and goods , 7 May 2020
• Amended directions to municipalities and provinces , 7 May 2020
• Determination of correctional facilities as places of detention of illegal foreigners pending deportation , 7 May 2020
• Management of courts , 6 May 2020
• Alert level 4 amended public transport services directions , 6 May 2020
• Court order handed down by the Labour Court: Standard operating procedures for mines , 5 May 2020
• Alert level 4: Live streaming of the creative sector services , 4 May 2020
• Alert level 4: Courts, court precincts and justice service points , 4 May 2020
• Alert level 4: Essential financial services , 4 May 2020
• Alert level 4 Extension for validity of learner’s licence, driving licence card, licence disc, professional driving permit and registration of motor vehicle directions , 4 May 2020
• Alert level 4 air freight operations directions , 4 May 2020
• Alert level 4 public transport services directions , 4 May 2020
• Alert level 4 railway operations directions , 4 May 2020
• Alert level 4 sea port directions , 4 May 2020
• Communications and digital technologies sector directions for alert level 4 , 3 May 2020
• Once-off long distance interprovincial transport directions , 1 May 2020
• Once-off movement directions , 30 Apr 2020
• Mineral resources and energy directions , 29 Apr 2020
• Occupational health and safety directions , 29 Apr 2020
• Amended guidance on the implementation of the provisions for essential goods and services for higher education institutions , 29 Apr 2020
• Superior courts directions , 21 Apr 2020
• Guidance on the implementation of the provisions for essential goods and services for higher education institutions , 17 Apr 2020
• Water and Sanitation Emergency Procurement , 15 Apr 2020
• Mineral resources and energy directions , 11 Apr 2020
• Sports, arts and culture directions , 9 Apr 2020
• Correctional services and remand detention facilities directions , 9 Apr 2020
• Call centre directions , 9 Apr 2020
• Health directions , 8 Apr 2020
• Amended COVID-19 temporary employee / employer relief scheme , 8 Apr 2020
• Social development directions amendment , 7 Apr 2020
• Public transport lockdown directions amendment , 7 Apr 2020
• Amended sea port directions , 7 Apr 2020
• Amended electronic communications, postal and broadcasting directions , 6 Apr 2020
• Small Business Development directions , 6 Apr 2020
• Tourism directions , 2 Apr 2020
• Courts, court precincts and justice service points directions , 31 Mar 2020
• Environmental directions , 31 Mar 2020
• Amended air services amendment directions , 31 Mar 2020
• Amended transport directions for buses and taxis , 31 Mar 2020
• Amended transport directions: Learner's and driving licences , 30 Mar 2020
• Amended directions to municipalities and provinces , 30 Mar 2020
• Social development directives , 30 Mar 2020
• Aviation directions amendment: Air cargo , 27 Mar 2020
• Air services directions , 26 Mar 2020
• Home affairs directions , 26 Mar 2020
• Transport directions , 26 Mar 2020
• Legal directions , 26 Mar 2020
• Electronic communications, postal and broadcasting directions , 26 Mar 2020
• Covid19 Temporary Employee / Employer Relief Scheme directive , 26 Mar 2020
• Air services lockdown directions , 26 Mar 2020
• Railway operations lockdown directions , 26 Mar 2020
• Cross-border road transport lockdown directions , 26 Mar 2020
• Public transport lockdown directions , 26 Mar 2020
• Municipalities and provinces directions , 25 Mar 2020
• Court precincts directives , 20 Mar 2020

Other lockdown regulations

• Medicines and Related Substances Act: Exclusion of Coronavirus COVID-19 vaccines from the operation of certain provisions , 15 Nov 2021
• ICT regulations , 11 Nov 2021
• Amended ICT regulations , 31 Aug 2021
• Amended ICT regulations , 28 May 2021
• Amended ICT regulations , 5 May 2020
• Expansion of scope of banking sector exemption regulations , 5 May 2020
• Healthcare sector exemptions expansion , 8 Apr 2020
• ICT regulations , 6 Apr 2020
• Excessing pricing complaint referrals regulations , 3 Apr 2020
• Lockdown regulations amendment , 2 Apr 2020
• Public Finance Management Act: Exemption , 31 Mar 2020
• Municipal Finance Management Act :  Exemption for municipalities , 30 Mar 2020
• Hotel industry exemption , 27 Mar 2020
• Export control regulations , 27 Mar 2020
• Lockdown regulations amendments , 26 Mar 2020
• Retail property exemption regulations , 24 Mar 2020
• Banking sector exemption regulations , 23 Mar 2020
• Price increase protection regulations and directions , 19 Mar 2020
• Healthcare sector exemptions , 19 Mar 2020
• Disaster management regulations , 18 Mar 2020
• Regulations on restrictions on the movement of air travel , 18 Mar 2020
• Ports regulations , 18 Mar 2020

Disaster management guidelines and notices

• Disaster Management Act: Code of Practice: Managing exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in the workplace , 15 Mar 2022
• Norms and Standards for the Safer Operations of Tourism Sector in context of Coronavirus Covid-19 and Beyond , 3 Dec 2021
• Exclusion of Coronavirus COVID-19 vaccines from the operation of certain provisions , 15 Nov 2021
• Compensation for Coronavirus Covid-19 vaccination side-effects , 22 Oct 2021
• Circular regarding preparation and planning for the re-opening of early childhood development programmes and/or partial care facilities that provide an after-school service, subject to the announcement of a date by the Minister of Social Development , 21 Jun 2020
• Guidelines for Mandatory Code of Practice on Mitigation and Management of Coronavirus COVID-19 Outbreak , 18 May 2020
• Guidelines for quarantine and isolation , 5 May 2020
• Exemption from Municipal Supply Chain Management Regulations , 1 May 2020
• Guidelines: Public Service return to work after the easing of COVID-19 lockdown , 1 May 2020
• Harmonisation of Short Code ‘111’ for Coronavirus COVID-19 National Emergency Services , 15 Apr 2020
• Compensation for occupationally acquired Novel Coronavirus , 24 Mar 2020
• Explanatory notes for COVID-19 tax measures , 29 Mar 2020
• SMME debt relief finance scheme , 28 Mar 2020
• Business growth/ resilience facility - Guidelines for application , 28 Mar 2020
• Debt Relief Finance Scheme: Guidelines for application,  28 Mar 2020
• UIF guidelines , 20 Mar 2020
• Exemption to all holders of licences, permit and authorisations issued in terms of the Marine Living Resources Act, 1998 (Act no. 18 of 1998) to operate without valid permits for the next ninety (90) days , 24 Mar 2020
• Handy guide on what's happening in the Post School Education and Training Sector - Higher Education in a time of Coronavirus , 20 Mar 2020
• State of Disaster: Public Service guidelines for containment / management of Coronavirus COVID-19 , 16 Mar 2020
• Guidance for childcare facilities and schools on COVID-19 , 11 Mar 2020
• COVID-19 safety precaution measures in footbal - SAFA , 13 Mar 2020
• Guideline on classification of a disaster and the declaration of a state of disaster , 1 Apr 2019
• Guideline on conducting an initial on-site assessment , 1 Apr 2019
• Guideline on contingency planning and arrangements , 1 Apr 2019

Disaster Management Act 

• Disaster Management Act: Revocation of the classification of the COVID-19 pandemic as a national disaster , 5 Apr 2022
• Disaster Management Act: Termination of national state of disaster , 4 Apr 2022
• Disaster Management Act: Extension of National State of Disaster under Coronavirus COVID-19 lockdown to 15 April 2022 , 14 Mar 2022
• Disaster Management Act: Extension of National State of Disaster under Coronavirus COVID-19 lockdown to 15 March 2022 , 13 Feb 2022
• Disaster Management Act: Extension of National State of Disaster under Coronavirus COVID-19 lockdown to 15 February 2022 , 14 Jan 2022
• Disaster Management Act: Extension of National State of Disaster under Coronavirus COVID-19 lockdown to 15 January 2022 , 10 Dec 2021
• Disaster Management Act: Extension of National State of Disaster under Coronavirus COVID-19 lockdown to 15 December 2021 , 13 Nov 2021
• Disaster Management Act: Extension of National State of Disaster under Coronavirus COVID-19 lockdown to 15 November 2021 , 13 Oct 2021
• Disaster Management Act: Determination of Alert Level: Coronavirus COVID-19 Alert Level 2 will apply nationally from 1 October 2021 , 30 Sept 2021
• Disaster Management Act: Extension of National State of Disaster under Coronavirus COVID-19 lockdown to 15 October 2021 , 26 Sept 2021
• Disaster Management Act: Determination of Alert Level: Coronavirus COVID-19 Alert Level 2 will apply nationally from 13 September 2021 , 12 Sept 2021
• Disaster Management Act: Extension of National State of Disaster under Coronavirus COVID-19 lockdown to 15 October 2021 , 12 Sept 2021
• Disaster Management Act: Extension of National State of Disaster under Coronavirus COVID-19 lockdown to 15 September 2021 , 12 Aug 2021
• Disaster Management Act: Determination of Alert Level: Coronavirus COVID-19 Alert Level 3 will apply nationally from 26 July 2021 , 25 Jul 2021
• Disaster Management Act: Extension of National State of Disaster under Coronavirus COVID-19 lockdown to 15 August 2021 , 12 Jul 2021
• Disaster Management Act: Determination of Alert Level: Coronavirus COVID-19 Alert Level 4 will apply nationally on 28 June 2021 , 27 Jun 2021
• Disaster Management Act: Determination of Alert Level: Coronavirus COVID-19 Alert Level 3 will apply nationally from 00H01 on 16 June May 2021 , 15 Jun 2021
• Disaster Management Act: Extension of National State of Disaster under Coronavirus COVID-19 lockdown to 15 July 2021 , 11 Jun 2021
• Disaster Management Act: Determination of Alert Level: Coronavirus COVID-19 Alert Level 2 will apply nationally from 00H01 on 31 May 2021 , 30 May 2021
• Disaster Management Act: Extension of National State of Disaster under Coronavirus COVID-19 lockdown to 15 June 2021 , 14 May 2021
• Disaster Management Act: Extension of National State of Disaster under Coronavirus COVID-19 lockdown to 15 May 2021 , 14 April 2021
• Disaster Management Act: Extension of National State of Disaster under Coronavirus COVID-19 lockdown to 15 April 2021 , 11 Mar 2021
• Disaster Management Act: Extension of National State of Disaster under Coronavirus COVID-19 lockdown  to 15 March 2021 , 11 Feb 2021
• Disaster Management Act: Extension of National State of Disaster under Coronavirus COVID-19 lockdown  to 15 February 2021 , 13 Jan 2021
• Disaster Management Act: Regulations: Coronavirus COVID-19 lockdown: Determination of alert levels and hotspots: Amendment , 29 Dec 2020
• Disaster Management Act: Determination of Coronavirus Covid-19 Alert Levels and Hospots: Garden Route, Sarah Baartman and Nelson Mandela Bay , 14 Dec 2020
• Disaster Management Act: Regulations: Coronavirus COVID-19 lockdown: Determination of alert levels and hotspots: Nelson Mandela Bay , 3 Dec 2020
• Disaster Management Act: Regulations: Alert level 1 during Coronavirus COVID-19 lockdown: Explanatory note , 3 Dec 2020
• Disaster Management Act: Extension of National State of Disaster under Coronavirus COVID-19 lockdown , 14 Nov 2020
• Disaster Management Act: Declaration of a National State of Disaster: COVID-19 (coronavirus): Extension , 14 Oct 2020
• Disaster Management Act: Determination of Alert Levels and Hotspots: Coronavirus COVID-19 Alert Level 1 will apply nationally from 00H01 on 21 September 2020 , 18 Sept 2020
• Disaster Management Act: Declaration of a National State of Disaster: COVID-19 (coronavirus): Extension , 14 Sept 2020
• Disaster Management Act: Declaration of a National State of Disaster: COVID-19 (coronavirus): Extension , 15 Aug 2020
• Disaster Management Act: Declaration of a National State of Disaster: COVID-19 (coronavirus): Extension , 13 Jul 2020
• Disaster Management Act: Declaration of a National State of Disaster: COVID-19 (coronavirus): Extension , 5 Jun 2020
• Disaster Management Act: Declaration of a National State of Disaster: COVID-19 (coronavirus) , 15 Mar 2020
• Disaster Management Act: Classification of a national disaster: COVID-19 (coronavirus)  , 15 Mar 2020
• Disaster Management Act 57 of 2002 , 15 Jan 2003

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The Dali was just starting a 27-day voyage.

The ship had spent two days in Baltimore’s port before setting off.

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By Claire Moses and Jenny Gross

• Published March 26, 2024 Updated March 27, 2024

The Dali was less than 30 minutes into its planned 27-day journey when the ship ran into the Francis Scott Key Bridge on Tuesday.

The ship, which was sailing under the Singaporean flag, was on its way to Sri Lanka and was supposed to arrive there on April 22, according to VesselFinder, a ship tracking website.

The Dali, which is nearly 1,000 feet long, left the Baltimore port around 1 a.m. Eastern on Tuesday. The ship had two pilots onboard, according to a statement by its owners, Grace Ocean Investment. There were 22 crew members on board, the Maritime & Port Authority of Singapore said in a statement. There were no reports of any injuries, Grace Ocean said.

Before heading off on its voyage, the Dali had returned to the United States from Panama on March 19, harboring in New York. It then arrived on Saturday in Baltimore, where it spent two days in the port.

Maersk, the shipping giant, said in a statement on Tuesday that it had chartered the vessel, which was carrying Maersk cargo. No Maersk crew and personnel were onboard, the statement said, adding that the company was monitoring the investigations being carried out by the authorities and by Synergy Group, the company that was operating the vessel.

“We are horrified by what has happened in Baltimore, and our thoughts are with all of those affected,” the Maersk statement said.

The Dali was built in 2015 by the South Korea-based Hyundai Heavy Industries. The following year, the ship was involved in a minor incident when it hit a stone wall at the port of Antwerp . The Dali sustained damage at the time, but no one was injured.

Claire Moses is a reporter for the Express desk in London. More about Claire Moses

Jenny Gross is a reporter for The Times in London covering breaking news and other topics. More about Jenny Gross