air travel liquid rules usa

Here's the 411 on the TSA's 3-1-1 liquids rule

We've all been there. Waiting in the Transportation Security Administration line only to hear agents call for a "bag check," often because a traveler had a liquid product in their carry-on that's over the allowed limit (or some sort of other prohibited item).

It's a process that can sure slow things down, particularly on the busiest travel days. As you pack for your trip and consider what to put in your carry-on or checked luggage, it's important to consider what the TSA's limits are for liquids and similar products.

Since September 2006, the TSA has gone by the 3-1-1 rule when it comes to those types of products, including items like toothpaste, shampoo, conditioner, mouthwash and lotion -- sunscreen included.

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In short, the 3-1-1 rule is: Each liquid you bring through the TSA checkpoint must be in a 3.4-ounce or smaller container ("3"), all containers must be placed inside one clear quart-size plastic bag ("1") and each passenger is only allowed one plastic bag ("1").

If you meet those requirements, you should get through security without issue. However, if your liquid items are larger than 3.4 ounces each, you'll have to leave them in your checked bag.

There are a few exceptions, though.

The TSA has kept in place a temporary pandemic exception to the rule, allowing up to 12 ounces of liquid hand sanitizer in carry-on baggage.

Part of this exception: The hand sanitizer will have to be screened separately since it's technically over the limit. You'll need to remove it from your bag before it goes through the scanner.

There are also exceptions for larger amounts of medically necessary liquids, gels and aerosols. You can bring those products in larger, "reasonable" quantities, the TSA's website says. However, you must declare those items to security officers at the checkpoint for inspection.

This could, obviously, take a little more time than if you're traveling without those items.

This exception doesn't include sunscreen, despite calls to relax sunscreen restrictions at TSA checkpoints. Like other liquid products, sunscreen bottles over 3.4 ounces must go in your checked luggage.

There are also many liquids you cannot bring with you .

You can bring creamy cheeses, liquid chocolate, liquid coffee, creamy dips and spreads, gravy, honey, hummus, ice cream, jam, jelly, juice, syrup, peanut butter, salad dressing, sauce, salsa, soda, soup and yogurt as long as they are in a container of less than 3.4 ounces according to the TSA .

Related: Should you get TSA PreCheck or Clear — or both?

And yes, you can bring your water bottle with you, even if it weighs more than 3.4 ounces — as long as it's empty. This can also be a great way to save money at the airport, since -- as the TSA points out -- many airports have filling stations for reusable water bottles.

When in doubt, consult the TSA's list of what you can carry through the airport and check with your airline.

Additional reporting by Clint Henderson and Sean Cudahy.

UponArriving

TSA Liquid Rules Ultimate Guide (3-1-1 Explained) [2023]

Bringing your liquids through airport security is not always as straightforward as you might think.

There are several rules that apply when bringing your liquids through airport security checkpoints and, yes, many are obvious to those of us blessed with a shred of common sense.

But in some cases there are some less obvious restrictions that could apply to your liquids.

And when you start talking about things like baby essentials, medications, and liquids like alcohol, there are many lesser-known rules and exceptions that come into play.

Violating these rules can sometimes mean slowing down the flow of the screening checkpoint (something we all should want to avoid) but in other cases it could mean violating the law and you basically becoming an airport criminal.

And nobody wants that.

So it’s a good idea to get acquainted with how these rules work and in this article, I’ll give you a detailed breakdown of the 3-1-1 rule and also talk about the many different types of exceptions and additional rules that apply to different types of liquids such as medications and alcohol.

Table of Contents

What is the TSA Liquids “3-1-1 Rule?”

The TSA Liquids 3-1-1 Rule states that you can only bring liquids in containers no larger than 3.4 liquid ounces (100 milliliters) and that all of your liquid containers must fit “comfortably” into one clear, quart-size bag.

Where does the 3-1-1 come from?

It’s just an easy way to memorize the different requirements that make up the rule and I’ll hit on those below.

3.4 fluid ounces or (100 mL)

The “three” indicates that your liquids must be contained within a container no larger than 3.4 fluid ounces or (100 ml).

(TSA uses 3.4 ounces because it’s easier to remember but really  100 ml comes out to 3.3814 fluid ounces. )

One of the biggest things that people get confused about is that the 3.4 ounce requirement applies to the size of the container and not the liquid within the container.

So let’s say that you have a 6 ounce container with only 2 ounces of fluid inside.

You may think that because you have under 3.4 fluid ounces of liquid, you are good to go but because your container is larger than 3.4 ounces, you cannot bring that through TSA.

The other big thing to know is that this refers to fluid ounces which relates to volume and is very different from ounces used for weight.

Some products like honey could weigh 4 ounces but still fit inside of a 3.4 fluid ounce container. It helps to know how to convert ounces/grams to fluid ounces .

Tip: Use the free app WalletFlo to help you travel the world for free by finding the best travel credit cards and promotions!

1 quart-sized resealable bag

The first “one” means that your liquids must fit within 1 quart-sized resealable bag. Typically, this will be a clear Ziploc bag which just makes things easy for everybody.

The key thing to note here is that the containers must fit “comfortably” inside this resealable bag.

What does “comfortably” mean?

It basically just means that the bag is not bursting at the seams. (Think about how a pair of jeans should fit when you’re being honest with yourself about your waist size.)

If you are not able to easily reseal your bag, then your contents may not be fitting comfortably inside.

In such a scenario, it’s possible that a TSA agent could ask you to throw something out in order to allow your bag to comply with the rules.

In my personal experience, I have not seen a lot of TSA agents enforce the “comfortable” requirement very strictly but if you have bottles poking out of your liquids bag, I could see that being an issue.

1 quart size bag per person

The last requirement is that you are allowed 1 quart size bag per person.

The easiest way to comply with this is to simply separate your liquids bag from your carry-on and have one liquids bag in your bin when going through security.

Otherwise, it could look like you are trying to bring through two bags of liquids.

The best packing tip I have for this is to keep your liquids bag at the top of your carry-on so that you can easily retrieve it.

There’s nothing worse than scrambling to find that liquids bag while trying to get ready to go through a screening checkpoint.

TSA Pre-Check liquids rule

TSA Pre-Check allows you to bypass the main security line and pass through a screening line that is usually much shorter and quicker. This also means avoiding the full body scanner in many cases. It basically makes you a VIP when it comes to airport security checkpoints.

If you have TSA Pre-Check , you can take advantage of several benefits including things like:

• Shoes can stay on
• Belt can stay on
• Light jackets can stay on
• Laptops allowed to stay in bag
• Liquids (3-1-1) can stay in bag

That last perk is the most relevant to the liquids rule as you will not have to remove your liquids bag and place them in one of the bins when going through security. You can simply leave them in your carry-on and pass through the metal detector without any issue.

I highly recommend that you look into getting Pre-Check in order to expedite your security screening. It will only cost $78 for five years and all you have to do is pass a background check. You can also get it if you are approved for Global Entry ( read how to get approved here ).

New hand sanitizer liquids rule

Due to the ongoing threat of coronavirus and the potential threat of spreading germs throughout airports and aircraft, TSA recently implemented a change with respect to hand sanitizer.

Passengers will now be allowed to bring one hand sanitizer bottle up to 12 ounces. These larger bottles will be screened separately so just be aware that it could add some extra time.

What exactly is a “liquid?”

In some cases, what constitutes a liquid will be very clear.

For example, it’s pretty much common sense that water inside of a water bottle is a liquid. The same applies for cologne, mouthwash, etc.

But liquids also can include less-obvious forms like aerosols, gels, creams, or pastes.

This means that several common items you would be bringing along for your trip could be considered a liquid like: toothpaste , lotion , sunscreen, shaving cream, shampoo , conditioner, and others.

You can find travel-sized products for most of these so it’s usually pretty easy to bring along items that comply with the TSA liquids rule.

Other items

You need to be mindful of other items that could be considered liquids like deodorant . For example, the following types of deodorants will be subject to the 3-1-1 rule:

• and Roll-On deodorants

Prohibited items

Just because you have something like an aerosol and it is in a container no larger than 3.4 ounces, that does not mean that you can bring it as a carry-on.

There are quite a few prohibited items like aerosol insecticide, bear spray, etc. that are not allowed as carry-ons. In fact, some of those items may not even be allowed on the plane at all. This is a good place to search if you are in doubt about whether or not you can bring a particular item.

Be aware that some items like hairspray may even have size restrictions when packed in your checked baggage.

Foods can also be liquids

One aspect of the TSA liquids rule that throws a lot of people off is that they forget many foods also qualify as liquids.

Here is a non-exhaustive list of food items that will fall under the liquids rule:

• Liquid chocolate
• Creamy dips and spreads
• Mashed fruits such as applesauce
• Jam and jelly
• Maple syrup
• Oils and vinegars
• Peanut butter
• Wet pet food
• Salad dressing
• Salsa and sauces

Basically anything that is usually poured, scooped, squeezed, slurped, or mashed will be considered a liquid for TSA purposes.

If your food is solid on the other hand , chances are you can bring it through.

TSA rules for liquid medications

The liquids rule provides exceptions for medical supplies and medications .

TSA allows larger amounts of medically necessary liquids, gels, and aerosols in “reasonable quantities” than your 3-1-1 allowance.

You do not have to have a prescription for these items but keep in mind that you need to comply with state laws regarding prescriptions and controlled substances.

This leaves two questions often to be asked and answered.

The first is what is considered “medically necessary?”

For example, is contact lens solution medically necessary?

It seems the answer to that is probably yes given the TSA states, they allow “larger amounts of medically necessary liquids, gels, and aerosols in reasonable quantities for your trip” on the page regarding contact lenses.

So if in doubt check the website and then inquire with AskTSA if you still don’t know.

The second question is what is considered a “reasonable quantity?”

What is deemed as a reasonable quantity is a subjective determination.

According to the TSA, you should bring what’s necessary for the duration of your trip (e.g., seven days) plus a day or two just in case things get delayed or canceled.

If you stick to what you think will be necessary for the duration of your trip, I don’t think you will often run into trouble. But if you’re bringing a six month supply of medication on a four day getaway, that’s when you might start to run into trouble if questioned.

TSA states that you must declare them to TSA officers at the checkpoint for inspection.

You also want to remove these from your carry-on so that they can be screened separately from your belongings. (You do not have to put your liquid medication in a plastic Ziploc bag.)

Just be aware that if one of your liquid items declared as medically necessary sets off the alarm, it may require additional screening and may not be allowed.

Baby essentials

You are allowed to bring formula, breastmilk, and juice for infants or toddlers in “reasonable quantities” through airport security. According to the TSA, reasonable quantities for baby essentials typically means the duration of the flight.

When bringing these items through security, be sure to separate these from your carry-on bag so that they can be screened separately from the rest of your items.

If you are carrying liquids in excess of 3.4 ounces, you are advised to inform the TSA officer at the beginning of the screening process that you have excess liquids. You can do this when you are unloading your items into the bin.

In many cases, excess liquids will be screened by x-ray.

It’s also possible that an officer may ask you to open up the container and potentially even transfer a small quantity of the liquid for testing.

If you are worried about the effects of an x-ray machine on your liquids, The Food and Drug Administration states that there are no known adverse effects from eating food, drinking beverages and using medicine screened by X-ray.

If that is not good enough assurance for you, you can ask to avoid the x-ray machine.

Additional steps may be able to be taken to clear the liquid but the traveler will likely have to undergo additional screening procedures which could include a pat down and a thorough screening of all of your carry-on property.

You will also be allowed to bring along ice packs, freezer packs, frozen gel packs and other accessories required to cool formula, breast milk and juice.

If these are in a partially frozen state or perhaps appear like a slushy they will be subject to the same screening as described above.

Other permitted baby items include gel or liquid-filled teethers, canned, jarred and processed baby food.

Just always be aware that these items may have to undergo additional screening.

TSA liquid rules for alcohol

Bringing alcohol through TSA presents a number of different challenges.

First, your alcohol in most cases will have to comply with the liquids 3-1-1 rule. This means that you won’t be able to bring in regular bottles of liquor or beer.

It is possible to find small bottles that are under 3.4 ounces (mini-liquor bottles are often around 1.7 ounces, so this means that they are small enough to be brought on the plane as a liquid).

But contrary to what many people think, it’s also permitted to bring your own alcohol in one of your own containers.

The catch is that there are specific restrictions about what type of alcohol is allowed on board and that can be allowed as a carry-on. You really need to make sure that you are abiding by these rules because you could be violating federal law otherwise.

The first regulation to know is that alcohol beverages with an alcoholic percentage above 70% (140 proof) is never allowed on the plane . In fact, alcohol with such a high alcohol percentage is considered a hazardous material.

If the alcohol content is above 24% but not above 70% then the alcoholic beverage must be in its retail packaging. A lot of popular alcoholic beverages for within this range. Here are some  ranges  for the alcoholic content of some common beverages:

Alcohol Percentage Content

• Vodka | ABV: 40-95%
• Gin | ABV: 36-50%
• Rum | ABV: 36-50%
• Whiskey | ABV: 36-50%
• Tequila | ABV: 50-51%
• Liqueurs | ABV: 15%
• Fortified Wine | ABV: 16-24%
• Unfortified Wine | ABV: 14-16%
• Beer | ABV: 4-8%
• Malt Beverage | ABV: 15%

And finally, one of the most important things to remember is that you are not allowed to serve yourself your own alcohol when flying.

Instead, you must request a flight attendant to serve you the alcohol or else you will be violating FAA regulations. Some flight attendants will happily serve you your own beverage but others will not be so inclined.

If you purchased alcohol at duty free store, different rules apply in that scenario. Basically, you can bring your duty free alcohol through TSA security but you have to comply with three separate requirements:

• The duty free liquids were purchased internationally and you are traveling to the United States with a connecting flight.
• The liquids are packed in a transparent, secure, tamper-evident bag by the retailer and do not show signs of tampering when presented to TSA for screening.
• The original receipt for the liquids is present and the purchase was made within 48 hours.

Read more about this rule  here .

Checked baggage liquid rules

Many times, you can simply place your liquids in your checked baggage and not have to worry about that pesky 3-1-1 rule.

This is usually the way to go on longer trips when you might be bringing large quantities of things like shampoo or shaving cream.

But as mentioned above, you still need to make sure that the type of liquid is allowed on a plane. Certain materials may be considered hazardous and you could be violating the law by bringing those on board.

If you are loading up your checked baggage with a bunch of liquids, make sure that you double bag if there is potential for the liquids to spill!

TSA Liquid Rules FAQ

The TSA 3-1-1 rule does not apply to checked baggage. However, there are some restrictions on what liquids can be transported in your checked baggage. There may also be limitations on the quantity of liquids when it comes to importing large quantities of things like alcohol. At some point, you might have to obtain a license for certain goods.

TSA definitely enforces the liquids rule and I would recommend not trying to circumvent the rule. It’s possible that an agent may be more lenient than another in certain circumstances but I would always assume that an agent will be enforcing strictly so that I don’t run into any unexpected issues.

TSA has the rules in order to detect potential explosives and other harmful materials that exist in liquid state.

The same liquid rules apply for both domestic flights and international flights. One difference that you might encounter is when you purchase duty free goods before an international flight. See the duty-free section above for more details. Also, when flying internationally it is recommended that you get to the airport extra early. It is possible that you could get hit with SSSS and be forced to undergo a heightened security screening, so always plan out extra time.

While you might view your makeup as special, there are no special rules for your makeup when it comes to TSA. They must abide by the same 3-1-1 rule explained above. Read more about makeup rules here.

No, you do not have to take out your liquids if you have TSA Pre-Check.

The same TSA liquids rule will apply to all airlines. So if you’re flying American or Delta, the rules will be the same as if you were flying Southwest or United. With that said, some airlines do have some differences in how they handle acceptable baggage so you should make sure to read up on the latest baggage policies for the airlines.

If you are traveling from an “international last-point-of-departure” to the U.S ., powder-based substances in carry-on baggage greater than 350mL or 12 oz. may require additional screening. If your substance is over 12 ounces and cannot be cleared it will not be allowed onto the aircraft cabin. TSA recommends that you transport powders in your checked baggage.

TSA has several rules you need to follow when it comes to drinking liquids through airport security. The most well-known is the 3-1-1 rule but there are other considerations you need to think about like foods that might trigger the rule and exceptions for medical and baby essentials. In the end, try to be as reasonable as possible with what you are bringing through and you will run into few problems.

Daniel Gillaspia is the Founder of UponArriving.com and the credit card app, WalletFlo . He is a former attorney turned travel expert covering destinations along with TSA, airline, and hotel policies. Since 2014, his content has been featured in publications such as National Geographic, Smithsonian Magazine, and CNBC. Read my bio .

I will be traveling from Mexico April 25th. Will I be able to bring back a bottle of Tequila in my check in luggage probably wrapped safely? Thanks, Regina Green

The above is good detail but how about: electric shaver and charger electric toothbrush

Yes and yes!

Check these out:

https://www.uponarriving.com/tsa-rules-razors/ https://www.uponarriving.com/tsa-toothpaste/

I will be leaving Chicago going to Manila via Istanbul on 21 July 2022, Turkish Airways. I will be bringing 4 bottles of Scotch whiskey in original container, unopened and sealed and properly packed with bubble wrap. Is this allowed?

How do I know which states allow medication‘s to be in a travel organizer, and not in their original bottles? I am flying from Philadelphia with a layover in Ireland, and finally to Paris on Aer Lingus.

Hand sanitizer rules have reverted back to the 3-1-1 guidelines.

Thanks for this update. Do you have a source on that? Couldn’t find updated info.

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3-1-1 Rule for Liquids in Carry-on Bags

Find out what's allowed before you pack

When you're going through airport security on your next vacation or business flight, you might notice a posted rule by the Transportation Security Administration called the 3-1-1 Rule, which dictates how much liquid travelers are allowed in their carry-on bags. Still, you might not understand exactly what this regulation means for your traveling needs.

The 3-1-1 Rule refers to three core components that govern how many liquids you can bring in your carry-on bags: Each liquid must be in a 3.4-ounce or less container ("3"), all containers must be placed inside one clear quart-sized plastic bag ("1"), and each passenger is only allowed one plastic bag ("1").

In sum, the 3-1-1 Rule states that you can carry as much liquid as can fit inside 3.4-ounce containers that fit inside one plastic quart-sized bag; however, you can bring as much liquid as you feel comfortable carrying in your checked bags as long as these liquids do not violate other TSA regulations that dictate what you can and cannot fly with in general.

How to Pack Your Liquids in Carry-ons

Whether you're hoping to bring your favorite shampoo or conditioner on your weekend trip or need to take contact solution on your flight, you'll need to properly pack liquids to get them through the TSA security checkpoint without hassle.

You'll want to start by either buying travel-size bottles of your favorite products or by purchasing travel toiletry bottles , which you can buy online, at most supermarkets, or home goods stores, and filling them with enough of your favorite products to get you through your trip. Then pack each of these inside a quart-sized ziplock (or other sealable) plastic bag—you should be able to fit four or five.

It's recommended that you pack this bag of bottles in your carry-on last, on top of your clothing and other times, because you'll need to pull the bag out and put it in one of the security checkpoint bins to pass through the X-ray machine. You can also stow it conveniently in an outside zip pocket for easy access.

Liquids That Are and Aren't Allowed

You might be surprised to learn that you can bring travel-size bottles of alcohol in your carry-on or that you can't carry creamy dips or spread as a snack in your suitcase if it exceeds 3.4 ounces, but knowing these rules will help you avoid additional screening at the TSA checkpoint.

You can bring blenders (with blades removed), alcoholic beverages less than 3.4 ounces that do not exceed 70 percent in alcohol content, baby food, some canned foods, and even live lobsters, but you cannot bring gel heating pads, any wet foods that exceed 3.4 ounces, ice cream of any quantity, or firearms of any type. 

For a complete list of all items that are forbidden and permitted through TSA security checkpoints at airports, make sure to check out the TSA website before your flight—you can even snap a picture of an item you're questioning and ask them on the TSA Facebook page whether or not it is allowed.

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Everything You Need to Know About TSA Liquid Rules

Here's what to know before you fly with shampoo, medication, or any other liquids you may need during your travels.

Dealing with airport security can be one of the more daunting aspects of air travel , from the detailed rules about what you can and can't bring on board to the long lines that often form at checkpoints.

One rule that frequently trips up travelers is the Transportation Security Administration's (TSA) 3-1-1 regarding liquids in carry-on bags . We're here to walk you through the finer details of the rule and provide helpful tips for packing liquids when you're flying.

What is the TSA's 3-1-1 rule?

In 2006, British security officials thwarted a plot to bomb an aircraft with liquid explosives carried on board. Since then, security agencies around the world have limited the amount of liquid passengers can bring through airport security.

For the TSA, which regulates travel in the United States, all liquids, gels, and aerosols must be in containers that are 3.4 ounces (100 milliliters) or less. All liquids must fit into a single, clear quart-size bag — passengers can only pack one of these bags in their carry-on.

The 3-1-1 designation is a simple way to remember these numbers: individual liquid containers must be 3.4 ounces or smaller, they must fit into one clear, quart-size bag, and there is only one bag allowed per passenger.

Liquids that do not comply with the 3-1-1 rule must be packed in checked bags, or thrown out at airport security. Some liquids, such as gasoline or other flammable liquids, are prohibited entirely, both in checked and carry-on bags. You can find a full list of permitted and prohibited items on the TSA's website .

If you're unsure if a specific item adheres to the 3-1-1 rule, you can always contact the TSA before your trip. "Tweet your questions and comments to @AskTSA or via Facebook Messenger , weekdays from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. ET," TSA spokesperson Jessica Mayle tells Travel + Leisure . "You can also call the TSA Contact Center at 866-289-9673."

Are there any exceptions to the 3-1-1 rule?

The TSA does exempt some items from the 3-1-1 rule: medically necessary liquids, formula, and breast milk. You can bring more than 3.4 ounces of these liquids on board, but you may have to undergo additional security screening.

"Inform the TSA officer at the beginning of the screening process that you're carrying them," says Mayle. "These liquids are typically screened by X-ray, but TSA officers may also test them separately for explosives or concealed prohibited items. Officers may ask you to open the container and/or have you transfer a small quantity of the liquid to a separate empty container, or dispose of a small quantity, if feasible."

If you don't want your exempt liquids to be screened by X-ray, inform your TSA officer, and they will use alternative security measures to clear the items.

And that's not all. "There's an exception for hand sanitizer, which has a temporary 12-ounce limit," says Mayle. But as COVID-19 travel restrictions and protocols continue to lift, the temporary special case for hand sanitizer could change, too.

Another exception is liquids purchased after security in an airport. In domestic U.S. airports , you can bring nonalcoholic drinks and other liquid items purchased airside onto your flight. (This is not always the case in international airports.) Duty-free liquids, however, will be sealed in a tamper-safe bag before boarding — sometimes they're permitted in the cabin, and other times they may be stowed elsewhere on the plane.

Packing Tips for Liquids in Carry-on Bags

• While many products are sold in 3.4-ounce containers suitable for travel, not all of them are. Consider rebottling your liquids into travel-size, leak-proof cases.
• "Another way to save space in your quart-sized bag is to pack solid versions of products, which you can put in your luggage or carry-on bag without needing to place it in the quart-size bag," travel advisor Ateet Ahuja of Complete Getaways tells T+ L. "For example, you can bring a stick or solid version of some perfumes and shampoo bars instead of liquid shampoo."
• Buy your liquids, like shampoo or mouthwash, at your final destination. "While you'll spend a little extra, the cost far outweighs the potential of it spilling or leaking in your bag," says Ahuja.
• On that note, prepare for spills — Ahuja advises wrapping a small hand towel around your quart-size bag.
• Pack your nonliquid toiletries separately to save space in your quart-sized bag.
• Pack your liquids bag in an easy-to-access space, like an external compartment or the top of your carry-on bag. According to Ahuja, "This will save you time in the TSA line."

Everything You Need to Know About the TSA’s Liquid Limit

The tsa allows liquids under 3.4 ounces in your carry-on—but what’s considered a “liquid” isn’t always obvious..

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Don’t forget to remove your liquids when going through TSA screening.

Photo by Jaromir Chalabala/Shutterstock

Whether you’re a carry-on-only kind of person or not , knowing the Transportation Security Administration’s (TSA) liquid limits is essential for anyone who travels by plane in the United States. Yet understanding which of your toiletries, foods, and other items even count as “liquid”—let alone how best to pack them—can get confusing. Use this guide to understand the TSA’s rules and restrictions about liquids, common exceptions, and tips to help ensure your next airport security screening goes smoothly.

What is the TSA liquid limit?

The TSA’s liquid limit for carry-ons—known as the 3-1-1 rule—allows travelers to pack liquids, aerosols, gels, creams, and pastes under 3.4 ounces (100 milliliters) in their carry-on bags. Passengers are allowed up to one quart-sized bag per person , or roughly nine 3.4-ounce containers in a single quart-sized bag. Anything more will have to go in a checked bag or risk being tossed out.

If your liquids are stored in containers larger than 3.4 ounces, even if there’s only 3.4 ounces left inside the bottle, you can’t bring them through security.

Completely empty bottles, such as your reusable water bottle , are allowed through the TSA checkpoint since (spoiler alert!) they don’t contain any liquids at that moment.

Which toiletries TSA allows in your carry-on

The TSA allows all of the following common toiletries in your carry-on only in containers that are 3.4 ounces or less:

• Shampoos and conditioners
• Lotions and sunscreen
• Gel hair products

In other words: yes, you can bring toothpaste, deodorant, and sunscreen through TSA checkpoints but only if they are in travel-sized containers.

Powders and powder-like substances, including baby powder and some makeup items, aren’t restricted in your carry-on bag. But if you’re carrying more than 12 ounces (350 milliliters) of a powder, you’ll need to place it in a separate bin for X-ray screening, and it may be subject to additional screening—so it’s a good idea to budget an extra few minutes at the security checkpoint if you think this might happen.

Tips for packing your toiletries in your carry-on

To comply with TSA regulations, invest in small, reusable toiletry bottles, like these capsules by Cadence.

Courtesy of Cadence

Especially if you don’t have TSA PreCheck , it’s helpful to pack all of your toiletries in a quart-sized (or smaller) clear plastic toiletry bag for screening. Although improved airport technology means that far fewer air passengers (both in PreCheck and non-PreCheck lines) will have to take their liquids out out of their carry-on, it’s still helpful to have all of your liquids in one bag just in case you get pulled aside for additional screening. For an upgrade from that large Ziplock, we recommend the standard-sized Clarity Jetset Case from Truffle ($88), which has a clear window panel and is comparable in size to a quart-sized bag.

Since toothpaste is considered a liquid, paste, or gel by the TSA, most of us toss those tiny one-ounce tubes in our carry-on bags. However, if you want to ditch the hard-to-recycle packaging, consider toothpaste tablets, an ecofriendly alternative that’s not subject to the 3-1-1 rule. We like Humankind’s fluoride toothpaste tablets ($12), which resemble small mints and turn to paste when you crush them between your teeth. Matador has also recently released a reusable toothpaste tube ($10), which you can fill (and refill) with your regular toothpaste.

For travel toiletries that are easy to rebottle (like shampoo or body wash), consider investing in reusable bottles or containers so you can always keep your preferred brand on hand. Some of our favorite TSA-approved toiletry bottles include:

Buy Now: GoToob three-pack of 3.4-ounce bottles, $30, rei.com

These easy-to-fill, leakproof silicone tubes are ideal for shampoos, conditioners, lotions, and body washes. GoToob’s line comes in a variety of sizes, ranging from 1.7 to 6 ounces, and are easy to clean between refills.

Matador FlatPack

Buy Now: $13 for one or $35 for three, matadorup.com

Each three-ounce, TSA-approved bottle is made from a durable, waterproof, nylon-based fabric. Like GoToob, they’re leakproof and easy to fill, but thanks to their flexible, fabric-like design, they will shrink to their contents, taking up less space in your pack. >> Read the full review of the Matador FlatPack

Buy Now: $14 for one or $74 for six, keepyourcadence.com

The refillable travel containers by Cadence are small, leakproof “capsules” that click together with magnets. At 0.56 ounces, they’re best for makeup and toiletries you don’t need much of—like a weekend’s worth of shampoo or a week of that under eye cream you only need a dab of.

Foods are subject to liquid limits

The TSA’s 3-1-1 rule applies to food too, meaning you’ll need to make sure any foods that count as liquids, gels, or pastes (like yogurt, peanut butter, pâté, jams, or that tasty pimento cheese spread you tried to bring home from Charleston) are less than 3.4 ounces or packed in your checked bag. There are some exceptions, like frozen foods and juice for babies, and the TSA’s website is the best resource to check for specific items.

Exceptions to TSA’s liquids rule: Full-sized liquids that you can bring through security

The TSA has several important exemptions to its liquids rule. You’re allowed to bring full-sized bottles of the following:

Hand sanitizer: Due to the coronavirus pandemic, the TSA currently allows travelers to bring up to 12 ounces of hand sanitizer in their carry-on bags. These will be screened separately.

Medication: You’re allowed to bring medically necessary liquids, aerosols, and gels through security. This also includes the ice or gel packs you may need to keep your medications cool. You are not required to store these items in a plastic, resealable bag, but you should remove them from your luggage and let the TSA officer know what you’ve packed.

Baby formula and breast milk: Like medication, you can bring freezer packs to keep these items cool, and you should remove them from your luggage and notify an agent when you go through security. More baby-related exceptions? Gel or liquid-filled teethers and canned or jarred baby food.

Of course, the final decision on whether an item is allowed through the checkpoint rests with the TSA officer.

If you’re ever unsure about a specific item, the TSA’s website has a handy, searchable list of prohibited and allowed items worth checking before you travel. You can also now text the TSA with your questions.

This article was originally published in 2022. It has been most recently updated on March 21, 2023, with additional information.

Calling All Travelers: These Are the Official TSA Liquid Rules

You don't want security to throw away your new, full-size bottle of shampoo do you?

Every item on this page was chosen by a Town & Country editor. We may earn commission on some of the items you choose to buy.

We've all fallen victim to TSA while traveling; here's a refresher so you don't make the same mistakes again.

TSA Liquid Rules:

According to the TSA website , these rules apply for liquids, aerosols, gels, creams, and pastes.

All liquids must be in a 3.4oz or smaller container. Your serums, creams, cleansers, and masks are too expensive to lose, so check their sizes and if they're too big, leave them at home or transfer them to a smaller container.

They have to be able to fit in a quart-size bag. Before you throw 10 containers of liquids into your carry-on, make sure that everything can fit in a quart-size bag. Think about what you really need for your trip, a la Marie Kondo , and remember you can always buy things once you arrive at your destination.

Powders must be in 12oz containers or smaller. TSA placed new restrictions on powders in 2018. Ensure that your makeup, protein powder, and baby powder are in containers within that range, or put them into a checked bag.

Travel-Size Beauty Essentials

Drunk Elephant The Littles™ Set

Sunday Riley Power Couple Kit

Drybar The Four Pack

Ole Henrikson Truth Serum®

SK-II Facial Treatment Essence Mini

LA MER The Moisturizing Soft Cream

Fresh Rose Deep Hydration Toner

LE LABO Santal 33 & AnOther 13 Set

Kiehl's Since 1851 Super Age-Correcting Collection

Shiseido Urban Environment Oil-Free Sunscreen

R+Co Television Perfect Hair Shampoo

COOLA Suncare Sport Sunscreen Spray SPF 30

Anything else has to go into a checked bag. If you can't part with your full-size products, they have to go into a checked bag to avoid getting tossed into the TSA product graveyard. If you're looking to save money, share one checked bag with your whole group.

Only empty water bottles will pass the TSA checkpoint. If you bring a refillable water bottle, make sure it's empty before you approach security. You can fill it up after you go through the checkpoint or buy water in the terminal.

There are exemptions. If you use a medication that comes in liquid, aerosol, gel, cream, or paste form and the container is larger than 3.4oz, it's exempt from the above rules. Similarly, if you're carrying baby formula, breast milk, or other liquid foods for your child, these are also exempt.

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Learn What I Can Bring on the Plane

Learn what you can bring on the plane by reviewing the Transportation Security Administration's (TSA) list of what you can bring on the plane, what you cannot bring on the plane, and TSA's Liquids 3-1-1 rule.

Please note that the final decision rests with the TSA officer on whether an item is allowed through the checkpoint.

For items not listed on the site, simply snap a picture or send a question to AskTSA on Facebook Messenger or Twitter . TSA looks forward to answering your questions, from 8 a.m. to 10 p.m. ET weekdays; 9 a.m. to 7 p.m. weekends/holidays.

What Can I Bring?

Know what you can pack in your carry-on and checked baggage before arriving at the airport.

What Should I Not Bring?

Know what you can pack before arriving at the airport by checking the prohibited items list.

Liquids 3-1-1 Rule

Read TSA’s liquid rule when bringing liquids in carry-on and checked luggage.

Other Travel Considerations

TSA.gov also has information to help those in specific situations, including:

• Disabilities and Medical Conditions
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• Law Enforcement
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• How Do I - For Travelers
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Guide to TSA Carry-On Liquid Restrictions

Guide to T SA Carry-On Liquid Restrictions is key to smooth air travel. So, let’s simplify these confusing rules, uncover what to do and avoid, and share some handy tips to help you sail through airport security with liquids.

Essentials of Liquids Rule

To start, let’s get a grip on the core basics of TSA’s liquids rule:

• 3-1-1 Rule: This primary rule permits travelers to carry liquids in containers up to 3.4 ounces (100 milliliters), tucked in a quart-sized, transparent, ziplock plastic bag. Each traveler gets one bag.
• Container Size : Beware of your container size. Anything beyond 3.4 ounces should be in your checked baggage, following the liquids rule.
• Medicines and Baby Stuff : Exceptions are given for essential liquids like medicines and baby formula. Keep these handy for review.

TSA Carry-On Liquid Restrictions

• Liquids: Pack toiletries like shampoo, conditioner, and lotion but stick to 3.4 ounces or less.
• Gels and Aerosols: Just like liquids, limit hair gel, toothpaste, and gel deodorants to follow the 3-1-1 rule.
• Drinks: The 3.4-ounce rule applies to beverages too. You might want to buy drinks after security.

Exceptions to the Rule

• Medications: The 3-1-1 rule does not apply to prescription and over-the-counter drugs. But remember, clearly label them for inspection.
• Baby essentials: Baby formula, breast milk, and baby food in reasonable amounts are okay. Remember, with these items, expect more screening.
• Duty-Free Buys: Liquids from the duty-free zone are permitted post-security, just show your receipt. Mind restrictions for connecting flights.

Smarter Ways to Pack

Want to ace the liquids rule? Here’s how to pack:

• Get Travel-Size Bottles: Buy smaller toiletries or place your loved items into mini, TSA-okayed bottles to fit the 3.4-ounce limit.
• Pick the Quart-Sized Bag: Have your clear, quart-sized bag within reach in your carry-on for a faster security check.
• Merge Items: Group together several small things in a single bag. This will save room and follow the liquids rule while keeping necessary items.

Guide to Security Checks

Kickstart your trip smoothly by mastering the art of liquid rules in security checks:

• Quart-Sized Bag Action: Your liquids should be in a quart-sized bag, placed separately in a bin during X-ray checks.
• Speak Up About Medication: If you have medications, alert the security crew. They might need delicate handling.
• Stay in the Loop: TSA guidelines can change. Stay updated to match their latest rules.

Blunders to Evade

Even frequent flyers can slip. Here’s what to watch out for:

• Missing Quart-Sized Bag: Remember to prepare your quart-sized bag. It could save time.
• Overlooking Duty-Free Caps: Bought duty-free liquids? Know the limit, especially for connecting flights.
• Misjudging the Liquid Types: Gels, aerosols, or liquids? Each has unique rules. Brushing up the facts could save you from shocks at the security gate.

Ending Notes

Mastering TSA Carry-On Liquid Restrictions is like learning an art – it’s all about preparation and knowledge. Get to know the rules. Learn what you can and can’t pack. Discover smart ways to pack. This ensures your journey through airport security is hassle-free. So, be smart, pack right and let TSA’s liquids rule be a natural part of your travelling habit.

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Simple Flying

How much liquid can you take on an airplane.

The current 3-1-1 rule will change soon.

• The 3-1-1 liquid rule applies to carry-ons: each liquid container must be below 3.4 ounces, and each traveler is allowed a 1-quart-sized plastic bag, or below 1 liter in most other countries.
• Check the liquid rules when traveling internationally, as regulations vary by country.
• New 3D scanners at airports will see the easing of liquid rules and quicker security checks.

Air travel can be confusing when it comes to what is allowed in the cabin and what can be checked. Many items are prohibited and restricted due to safety and practicality considerations, and those rules have only become stricter since 9/11. It needs to be clarified as airports and countries often have variations in the rules.

However, with some welcoming news, we could see relaxation in the rules coming for the travelers . We will review the existing liquid rules worldwide and what is and could be changing in the future.

The 3-1-1 liquid rule

The 3-1-1 liquid rule is the standard for traveling in the United States. The 3 refers to a 3.4 ounce limit for each container, and the 1s refer to one plastic bag and one bag per person, respectively. For carry-ons, this is the official liquid rule according to TSA :

"Each passenger may carry liquids, gels, and aerosols in travel-sized containers that are 3.4 ounces or 100 milliliters.' The total amount of containers is limited to 'one quart-size bag."

Most countries around the world follow similar rules, with 100 milliliters being the limit for each liquid container. However, the total limit in the EU, Canada, and several other countries is one liter rather than a quart-sized bag.

For checked luggage, the rules are much more relaxed. There is generally no limit to the size or the total amount of liquid, but some hazardous liquids are prohibited. When traveling internationally, customs rules that often set limits on undeclared products need to be followed.

“Containers larger than 100 milliliters or 100 grams, even if only partially filled and whether they are opened or unopened, containing liquids, aerosols or gels are not allowed through the international security screening point.”

There are certain exceptions to the carry-on rules. Generally, liquids that fall under the ‘medically necessary’ category, including medication and prescriptions, are allowed onboard. Exceptions also include infant formula and baby food. Another instance where more than 3.4 ounces is permitted is when live fish is carried onboard in a clear container.

Since the COVID-19 pandemic, TSA and transport authorities from other countries have made another exemption for hand sanitizers. They can be larger than 3.4 ounces but need less than 12 ounces or roughly 350 milliliters.

For medical and scientific personnel, non-infectious specimens in solutions can also exceed the limit. A set of instructions needs to be followed, which can be found here . Each country and airport also differ slightly on the exemptions to the liquid rule. An example is the exception given to COVID test kits in Canada, and it is recommended to consult an airport-specific source before traveling.

Why is there a liquid rule?

Today's liquid rules known worldwide were introduced in 2006 due to suspicion of terrorism. The security of air travel was already heightened at the time but was taken a step further due to a terrorist plot in the UK, sometimes known as the 2006 transatlantic aircraft plot.

In August 2006, the British police arrested individuals who had been producing liquid bombs and explosives and plotting a terrorist attack on flights departing London Heathrow to North America. The operation saw individuals under police surveillance arrested on August 9th in the UK.

From August 9th until mid-August, British and American airports operated under extraordinary security. Most flights were canceled in the UK on August 9th, and when limited operations resumed, no carry-on except boarding passes and wallets were allowed.

In fact, liquid was not allowed onboard airplanes until August 13th in the US and until November of that year in the UK. Since then, the amount has been limited to 100 milliliters with a limited total allowance.

Changes are coming

With new technologies, the liquid rules will become a thing of the past in the coming years. The latest 3D scanning machines, including the C3-standard Explosive Detection System Cabin Baggage (EDS-CB), would ensure the same security standards are met while making the travel experience more efficient and smooth.

When installed at airports, the new machines will mean relaxed liquid rules for travelers and fewer steps when getting through security. Some likely results are reduced workload for security workers and shortened lines and delays at major international airports.

How Next Generation Airport Scanners Are Ending The 100ml Liquid Rule

Some airports have already relaxed the rules and made further exemptions. Amsterdam Schiphol, for example, states that liquid in containers larger than 100ml is permitted, but special checks are required. The 3D scanners at the Dutch airport have been available since 2021.

Some have gone a step further and scraped the 3-1-1 rule altogether. London City and Teesside airports in the UK have moved to a two-liter total liquid allowance with no limit on individual container size. More British airports are expected to adopt the new rule, and major changes are expected in June 2024 .

The Removal Of The 100ml Rule At UK Airports: Everything You Need To Know

In Ireland, Shannon airport scraped the rule in 2022 allowing any amount of liquid. In Spain, Madrid and Barcelona are expected to make changes to limits on carry-on liquid in the summer of 2024, while other Spanish airports, including Malaga and Palma de Mallorca, should follow going into 2025.

Elsewhere in Europe, other airports, including Geneva, Paris-Orly, Milan, and Helsinki, are trialing the new technology. The German airports of Munich and Frankfurt have also started converting their machines into 3D scanners, with the eventual rule change expected.

Here is a summary of all the major airports that have or will adopt the new liquid rules thanks to the new scanner technologies:

It is important to note that most airports trailing the 3D scanners still have the 100 ml cap or the 3-1-1 rule in place at the time of writing, and very few airports or countries have changed the official rules; travelers should check with the airport for the most up-to-date information.

In the US, TSA has not given any official details but is expected to follow the trend at some point. While there’s no timeline in place yet , the agency “anticipates the limit on liquids will be lifted in the coming years.”

Navigating the Waves: Your Comprehensive Guide to Airplane Liquid Restrictions

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Ever been puzzled about what liquids you can carry onto an airplane? You’re not alone. Airplane liquid restrictions are one of the most confusing aspects of air travel, but they’re vital for our safety. This guide will clarify the murky waters of liquid restrictions, ensuring you never have to part with your favorite shampoo at the security checkpoint again!

• Airplane liquid restrictions were introduced in 2006 for security reasons.
• The common rule is the 3-1-1 rule: 3.4 ounces (100ml) per container, 1 quart-sized bag, 1 bag per passenger.
• Some exceptions to this rule include medications and baby food.
• Non-compliance with the rules can lead to delays and confiscation of items.
• Planning and packing smartly can help you navigate these restrictions seamlessly.

Also check out: Airplane internet access

Unmasking the Mystery: Why Do Liquid Restrictions Exist?

Many travelers question the need for such strict restrictions. But the truth is, they exist for a very compelling reason. The airplane liquid restrictions were introduced in 2006 after a terrorist plot was uncovered in the UK involving liquid explosives. A European Commission spokesperson once stated, “The restrictions on liquids in hand luggage are a necessary measure to ensure the safety of passengers and crew on board aircraft.”

Decoding the 3-1-1 Rule: What You Can Carry

The 3-1-1 rule for liquids is the foundation of airplane liquid restrictions. The rule is pretty simple: you’re allowed to carry liquids, gels, aerosols, creams, and pastes up to 3.4 ounces (100ml) per container. These must be in 1 quart-sized, clear, plastic, zip-top bag. Each passenger can carry only 1 such bag . This rule applies to carry-on bags and is enforced in most countries, including the U.S.

Exceptions to the Rule: Medications, Baby Food, and More

Like every rule, the 3-1-1 rule also has some exceptions. Medications, baby formula, and food, breast milk, and juice are exempted from the rule. But it’s always a good idea to inform the TSA officer about these items before the screening process begins. Also, remember that ‘medications’ include both prescription and over-the-counter medicines.

Avoiding Unpleasant Surprises: What Happens When You Don’t Comply

Non-compliance with these restrictions can lead to some unpleasant surprises. The TSA reported that in 2019, they found over 320,000 pounds of hazardous materials in carry-on bags, including liquids that exceeded the 3.4-ounce limit. If your liquids violate the 3-1-1 rule, you could face delays, and your items could be confiscated.

Smart Packing for Air Travel: Tips to Navigate Liquid Restrictions

Packing smartly can help you navigate these restrictions with ease. Consider using travel-sized toiletries or solid alternatives like bar soaps and shampoos. You can also pack larger liquid items in your checked luggage. Another tip is to consider purchasing some items at your destination or using products provided by your accommodation.

You should also check out: Can I bring a vape on a plane?

Understanding airplane liquid restrictions can make your journey smoother and more stress-free. As Kevin Erickson, seasoned travel journalist and expert, advises, “Knowledge is power. Knowing the rules and packing accordingly can save you time and hassle at the airport.”

What are the airplane liquid restrictions?

The standard is the 3-1-1 rule: 3.4 ounces (100ml) per container, 1 quart-sized bag, and 1 bag per passenger. This applies to carry-on luggage and includes liquids, gels, aerosols, creams, and pastes.

Why do these liquid restrictions exist?

Liquid restrictions were introduced in 2006 after a terrorist plot involving liquid explosives was uncovered. These measures are in place to ensure the safety of passengers and crew aboard aircraft.

Are there any exceptions to these rules?

Yes, exceptions include medications and certain baby foods. However, it’s recommended to notify the TSA officer about these items before screening begins.

What happens if I don’t comply with these restrictions?

If your liquids violate the 3-1-1 rule, you may face delays, and your items may be confiscated.

Any tips for navigating these restrictions?

Smart packing can help, such as using travel-sized toiletries, opting for solid alternatives, and packing larger liquid items in your checked luggage. Purchasing items at your destination is also an option.

You should also check out: Airplane etiquette tips

TSA: Liquids Rule European Commission: Air security – Questions & Answers Expedia: Carry-On Luggage Size, Weight & Dimension Restrictions

This post is also available in: English Deutsch

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One response to “Navigating the Waves: Your Comprehensive Guide to Airplane Liquid Restrictions”

Kevin, your piece on airplane liquid restrictions was an enlightening read! As a frequent flyer, I’ve always wondered about the 100ml limit. Is there a scientific reason behind this specific measure? I remember once, my 120ml sunscreen was confiscated, quite a bummer for my beach vacation! I’d love to see a follow-up post on how these rules vary globally. Do you think a shift towards more eco-friendly travel could possibly change these restrictions? Let’s get the conversation flowing, folks! Safe travels everyone! ✈️🌍

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Understanding The Liquid Restrictions When Traveling To The Us

• Last updated Aug 02, 2023
• Difficulty Intemediate

• Category United States

Are you a frequent traveler to the United States? If so, you're likely familiar with the strict liquid restrictions that have been put in place for air travel. This significant change has not only affected the way we pack and prepare for our trips, but it has also sparked debate and raised questions about the necessity and effectiveness of these restrictions. Join me as we delve into the world of US liquid restrictions and explore the reasons behind these rules, their impact on travelers, and the ongoing discussions surrounding this topic.

What You'll Learn

What are the current liquid restrictions for traveling to the us, how much liquid can be carried in carry-on luggage when flying to the us, are there any exceptions to the liquid restrictions when traveling to the us, can liquid items be packed in checked luggage when traveling to the us, are there any specific guidelines for carrying medications or medical liquids when traveling to the us.

Liquid restrictions for traveling to the US have been put in place by the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) to enhance security measures and prevent potential threats. These restrictions apply to both domestic and international flights departing from or arriving in the United States.

The current liquid restrictions are as follows:

• Containers Size: All liquids, gels, and aerosols must be in containers that are 3.4 ounces (100 milliliters) or less. This includes items such as toiletries, beverages, and any other liquids you may be carrying.
• Carry-On Limitations: All containers must be placed in a clear, quart-sized plastic bag. Each passenger is allowed only one bag. This bag should be easily accessible and presented separately to the security officer for screening.
• Bag Inspection: All passengers are required to remove the quart-sized plastic bag containing the liquid items from their carry-on baggage and place it in a separate bin for screening when going through security checkpoints.
• Medications and Baby Formula: Prescription and over-the-counter medications, as well as baby formula or breast milk, are allowed in quantities greater than 3.4 ounces (100 milliliters), but they must be declared to the security officer for inspection.
• Duty-Free Items: Passengers are allowed to carry duty-free liquids purchased at the airport or on board the aircraft. These items must be packed in a secure, tamper-evident bag and must be accompanied by proof of purchase.

It is important to note that these restrictions apply to liquids, gels, and aerosols only. Other items such as solids, powders, and non-liquid food items are not subject to these limitations.

It is advisable to check the specific guidelines of the airline you are traveling with, as they may have additional restrictions or requirements. Additionally, it is recommended to arrive at the airport with ample time to allow for the additional security screening procedures.

Understanding and following these liquid restrictions will help ensure a smooth and hassle-free travel experience when flying to the US.

New Travel Restrictions Implemented: Latest Updates on International Travel Regulations

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When traveling to the United States, it is important to understand the restrictions and regulations regarding what you can bring in your carry-on luggage, especially when it comes to liquids. The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) has implemented specific rules to ensure the safety of all passengers on flights. In this article, we will explore how much liquid you can carry in your carry-on luggage when flying to the US.

The TSA follows the 3-1-1 rule for liquids in carry-on luggage. This means that each passenger is allowed to bring a quart-sized bag of liquids, gels, creams, pastes, and aerosols in containers that are 3.4 ounces (100 milliliters) or less per item. The quart-sized bag should be transparent and sealed, allowing for easy inspection by TSA agents.

Liquids that are exempt from the 3-1-1 rule include medications, baby formula and food, and breast milk. These items are allowed in reasonable quantities that exceed the 3.4-ounce limit and do not need to be placed in a quart-sized bag. However, they should still be declared to the TSA officer for inspection.

It is essential to note that the 3-1-1 rule applies to all liquids, including water, beverages, shampoo, toothpaste, lotions, and other similar products. If you wish to bring any liquid items larger than 3.4 ounces, they must be packed in checked baggage instead of carry-on luggage.

It is crucial to pack your quart-sized bag of liquids in an easily accessible place in your carry-on luggage. When you arrive at the security checkpoint, you will be required to remove the bag from your carry-on and place it in a bin for separate screening. This ensures that the TSA agents can inspect your liquids without any issues.

If you fail to follow the 3-1-1 rule, TSA may require you to dispose of the liquid items or transfer them to your checked baggage. It is always recommended to double-check the regulations regarding liquids before your flight to avoid any inconvenience at the security checkpoint.

In conclusion, when flying to the United States, passengers are allowed to bring a quart-sized bag of liquids in containers that are 3.4 ounces or less per item. Liquids that exceed this limit should be packed in checked baggage. Exemptions to the 3-1-1 rule include medications, baby formula and food, and breast milk. Remember to pack your liquids in an easily accessible place and be prepared to remove the quart-sized bag for separate screening at the security checkpoint. By being aware of these regulations and following the guidelines, you can ensure a smooth and hassle-free travel experience.

Navigating New Mexico Travel Restrictions: What You Need to Know

When traveling to the US, there are certain restrictions on carrying liquids in your hand luggage. The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) has implemented these restrictions in order to ensure the safety and security of passengers. However, there are a few exceptions to these liquid restrictions that travelers should be aware of.

The general rule is that you are allowed to carry liquids in containers that are 3.4 ounces (100 milliliters) or less per item, and all items must fit in a clear, quart-sized bag. This includes items such as toiletries, medicines, and beverages. These restrictions apply to both domestic and international flights.

However, there are a few exceptions to these restrictions. The following items are allowed in larger quantities:

• Prescription medications: If you have prescription medications, you are allowed to carry them in larger quantities than the standard liquid restrictions. It is recommended to carry a copy of your prescription or a letter from your doctor to avoid any issues during security checks.
• Baby formula and breast milk: If you are traveling with a baby or toddler, you are allowed to carry baby formula and breast milk in larger quantities. These items do not need to be in a clear, quart-sized bag. It is advisable to inform the security officers about these items during the screening process.
• Liquids purchased at the airport: If you have purchased liquids, such as beverages or perfume, at the duty-free shops located after the security checkpoint, you are allowed to carry these items in larger quantities. These liquids should be placed in a secure, tamper-evident bag, which will be provided by the shop. You will need to show proof of purchase when going through security.
• Medically necessary liquids: If you have medically necessary liquids, such as insulin or liquid nutrition, you are allowed to carry them in larger quantities. It is recommended to have a letter from your doctor explaining the need for these items.

It is important to note that even if you are allowed to carry these liquids in larger quantities, they may still undergo additional screening by the security officers. It is always a good idea to arrive at the airport early to allow enough time for the screening process.

In conclusion, while there are restrictions on carrying liquids when traveling to the US, there are some exceptions to these restrictions. If you have prescription medications, baby formula, liquids purchased at the airport, or medically necessary liquids, you may be allowed to carry them in larger quantities. However, it is important to follow the guidelines and inform the security officers about these items during the screening process.

Understanding the Temporary Green Card Travel Restrictions: What You Need to Know

When traveling to the US, there are certain rules and regulations regarding the items that can be packed in checked luggage, especially when it comes to liquid items. This article aims to provide information about whether or not liquid items can be packed in checked luggage when traveling to the US.

The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) has specific guidelines when it comes to carrying liquids in your checked luggage. In general, liquids are allowed in checked luggage; however, there are certain restrictions and precautions that need to be followed.

According to the TSA's rules, all liquid items in checked luggage must be in containers that have a capacity of 3.4 ounces (100 milliliters) or less. These containers must be placed in a clear, plastic, quart-sized bag. Each passenger is allowed one quart-sized bag of liquids in their checked luggage.

Examples of liquid items that can be packed in checked luggage include shampoo, conditioner, mouthwash, perfume, and other similar personal care products. It is important to note that these liquids must be in containers that meet the size requirements and placed in the plastic bag for easy inspection.

However, there are certain exceptions to the liquid restrictions. Prescription medications and over-the-counter medications are allowed in larger quantities. It is recommended to carry a prescription or doctor's note for any liquid medication that exceeds the 3.4-ounce limit.

Additionally, baby formula, breast milk, and juice for infants or toddlers are allowed in larger quantities. These items may be subject to additional screening at the security checkpoint.

It is important to follow these guidelines to ensure a smooth and hassle-free travel experience. If any liquid items in checked luggage do not meet the size requirements or are not properly placed in the plastic bag, they may be confiscated or discarded by airport security.

In conclusion, liquid items can be packed in checked luggage when traveling to the US, but there are specific rules and restrictions that need to be followed. Liquids must be in containers of 3.4 ounces or less and placed in a clear, plastic, quart-sized bag. It is essential to comply with these guidelines to avoid any issues during the security screening process.

Understanding the TN Visa Travel Restrictions: What You Need to Know

When traveling to the United States, it is crucial to be aware of the specific guidelines regarding carrying medications and medical liquids. Whether you are visiting the U.S. for leisure or medical treatment, it is essential to understand the rules to avoid any inconvenience or potential problems at the airport.

The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) has specific guidelines regarding medications and medical liquids that passengers can bring on board. These guidelines ensure the safety and security of passengers while maintaining the necessary precautions for potentially harmful substances.

First and foremost, it is recommended to pack all medications in your carry-on luggage. This is because checked baggage can sometimes get lost or delayed, leaving you without access to your essential medications. By keeping them in your carry-on, you will have them readily available during your journey.

To comply with TSA regulations, it is crucial to keep medications properly labeled. Original prescription bottles or vials with your name, the medication name, and the prescribing doctor's information should be included. If you are carrying over-the-counter medication, it is still wise to have it in its original packaging.

In addition to prescription medications, you can also bring over-the-counter medications such as pain relievers, antacids, and allergy medications. However, these should be in amounts reasonable for personal use during your trip. It is advisable to bring only the necessary quantity of medication needed for the duration of your stay in the United States.

When it comes to medical liquids, TSA allows travelers to bring them in containers larger than the standard 3.4 ounces (100 milliliters). However, these liquids must be presented for inspection and may require additional screening. Travelers are advised to notify TSA officers about their medical liquids when they reach the security checkpoint to facilitate the screening process.

It is also essential to note that some medication and medical liquids may be subject to additional requirements or restrictions. For example, certain narcotics or controlled substances require additional documentation or approval from relevant authorities. It is recommended to consult with your prescribing physician and check with the U.S. embassy or consulate in your home country to ensure compliance and avoid any issues.

In case you are carrying liquid medications that exceed the standard allowed limit, such as large quantities of liquid prescription soap, contact lens solution, or saline solution, you can request a medical declaration at the security checkpoint. This declaration form explains your medical condition and the need for the specific liquid medication. While this process may cause a slight delay, it allows you to carry your necessary medical liquids.

It is important to emphasize that the TSA's guidelines are subject to change, so it is always prudent to check the latest updates before your trip. The TSA website and mobile app provide detailed information about what is allowed and prohibited in carry-on luggage. Being aware of these guidelines and planning accordingly will ensure a smooth travel experience and help you stay in compliance with the regulations when bringing medications and medical liquids to the United States.

Navigating the Latest NSW Travel Restrictions: What You Need to Know

Frequently asked questions.

When traveling to the US, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) has implemented a 3-1-1 rule for carrying liquids in carry-on bags. This means that each passenger is allowed to bring a quart-sized bag of liquids, aerosols, gels, creams, and pastes in containers that are no larger than 3.4 ounces (100 milliliters) per item. Any liquids that exceed these size restrictions must be packed in checked luggage.

Yes, there are a few exceptions to the liquid restrictions when traveling to the US. Medications, baby formula, and breast milk are allowed in quantities exceeding 3.4 ounces (100 milliliters) and are not required to be in a quart-sized bag. However, these items must be declared to the TSA officer at the security checkpoint for inspection.

Yes, duty-free liquids purchased at an airport or on board an aircraft are allowed in carry-on bags, even if they exceed the 3.4-ounce (100-milliliter) limit. However, they must be packed in a secure, tamper-evident bag with the receipt visible and the bag must remain sealed until you reach your final destination. Airport security may ask you to present the receipt at the checkpoint, so it's important to keep it easily accessible.

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The U.K. Ended Its Travel-Size Liquid Rule for Carry-Ons—Will the U.S. Do the Same?

By Jessica Puckett

Passing through airport security in the U.K. is about to get easier and more streamlined, as U.K. officials announced that the rule mandating liquids in carry-on bags be 100ml (3.4 ounces) or less will no longer be enforced, starting in June 2024. 

When the rule ends, passengers will be able to carry-on liquids measuring up to two liters in volume, the BBC reports . Additionally, passengers will no longer need to remove electronics from bags, such as laptops. Previously, major airports in the U.K., such as London Heathrow, were known for their stringent enforcements of the liquid rules.

In the U.S., similar policies are still in effect at airports around the country, with the TSA enforcing its so-called “ 3-1-1 ” liquid rule for carry-on bags: all liquids must be 3.4 ounces or less and fit in a single, one-quart clear bag. (Though there are  some exceptions to those rules.)

The more relaxed screening policies in the U.K. are possible thanks to new X-ray scanners that use computed tomography (CT) technology to produce more detailed, 3D images of luggage contents. (The technology is similar to a CT scan you might get at a hospital.) Most airports in the U.K. will need to upgrade their X-ray machines to the newer high-tech versions by June 2024. 

The same enhanced CT technology has been in use at U.S. airports for several years now, with the TSA rapidly expanding the scanners to dozens of airports nationwide. As of May 2022, the agency said it had deployed at least 402 CT units to 163 airports around the country. Over the summer, officials installed more of the scanners at additional airport checkpoints in anticipation of an uptick in air travelers, including at Billings Logan International Airport in Montana , Albany International Airport in New York, Buffalo Niagara International Airport in New York, Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport and Raleigh-Durham International Airport in North Carolina, the TSA  said in a release . 

With that in mind, will the TSA follow the U.K.’s lead and ditch its rules for carry-on liquids? Currently at U.S. security checkpoints with CT scanners, passengers already have somewhat more relaxed screening rules, as they aren’t required to remove their travel-size liquids, electronics, or food from their carry-on bags, according to the TSA. That was a precursor step to the new U.K. policy at  London City airport , which received CT scanners in November 2022 and announced that passengers no longer had to remove any items from their bags. 

But some industry analysts say scanning equipment is only one piece of the puzzle . “I believe that TSA and other aviation security organizations will study the results from the UK’s decision closely and carefully,” says Henry Harteveldt, an aviation expert and president of Atmosphere Research. “If behavioral profiling and other similar tools allow security organizations to potentially detect people who may pose a danger to airline crews and passengers, it may help reduce the need for measures such as the 100ml limit on liquids and the TSA’s 3-1-1 policy.”

Indeed, it seems U.S. officials plan to take it slow when considering any changes to the current TSA 3.4-oz liquid rule, which has been the international standard since it was implemented in 2006. “Computed Tomography technology produces 3-D images that can be rotated and combined with advanced detection algorithms to produce a substantial improvement in security screening,” Robert Carter Langston, TSA's press secretary, said in an emailed statement. “While we have them deployed at more checkpoints, we are years away from announcing a change to the current liquids rule.” 

Although U.S. passengers still need to pack travel-size liquids for the time being, that doesn’t mean that the security checkpoint hasn’t been seeing other improvements. Aside from rolling out more CT scanners, TSA has been deploying credential authentication technology: new ID scanners that don’t require passengers to show their boarding passes . Earlier in 2022, the agency also began accepting digital IDs from the Apple Wallet app at certain airports and testing an expansion of facial recognition to whisk travelers through even faster.

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Airplane armrest etiquette: Why the middle seat should win out | Cruising Altitude

How can so many of you be so wrong?

I’ve written about airplane etiquette before, and I always thought the rules were pretty obvious, but it turns out, not so. Etiquette depends on a shared understanding of right and wrong, and apparently, we can’t even all agree on airplane armrests.

I’ve always thought it was an unwritten but absolute rule that the person in the middle seat gets access to both armrests as a courtesy. However, a 2023 survey by online booking platform Kayak polled more than 1,000 adults and found that more than half of you (57%) disagree with the idea that if you’re in the middle seat, you get to claim both armrests – which is honestly crazy because, in matters of decency, I am always right.

“Obviously we travel a bunch ourselves at Kayak and one of the things that we had noticed increasingly is the airport has always been one of the places where rules are super strictly enforced, but then rules are also out the window,” Matthew Clarke, vice president of North American marketing for Kayak told me. “You can have a margarita at 6:30 in the morning,” but you can’t bring more than 3.4 ounces of liquid through security.

So what’s the deal? Who gets the armrests and what are the other unwritten and unenforceable rules of air travel?

Who gets the armrests?

There’s no definite answer.

Disclaimer: I don’t care about the survey results. I will stick by the adage that the window seat person gets to control the shade, the middle seat person gets both armrests, and the aisle seat person gets to benefit from a little extra legroom and the convenience of standing up whenever they want to.

But, according to Kayak’s survey, only 43% of air travelers agree with me. Even Clarke said he was surprised by that result.

“This is what you get when you poll 1,000 people,” he said, nodding to how little common ground we have on some things.

Joe Schulz, 38, said he flies at least two or three times a month and is one of the people who disagrees with me.

“Maybe 10, 15 years ago, I was like yeah, middle seat people, they should get that armrest. But now it’s like, nah, it doesn’t make sense,” the Los Angeles resident told me. He said as airplanes pack more people into economy, he sees the armrests more as a physical barrier between seats than anything else – a line that’s not to be crossed or infringed upon.

“Regardless of whether you chose to sit in the middle, I don’t think you’re entitled to the armrest,” he said. “As soon as that person in the middle puts their arms on the armrests, you’re getting jabbed by their elbows.”  

Still, with 57% of travelers in Schulz’s camp, a fair number seem to agree that the middle seat person should get both armrests.

“I’d say it’s an unwritten rule, but it’s written a lot, just not a policy. It’s common courtesy,” Ryan Gregg, 49, told me. 

Gregg, an automation technician from Lawrence, Kansas, flies about twice a week and said he’ll often switch his flight if there are only middle seats available. However, if he has no other choice, he expects access to both armrests.

“It’s the one thing you get for being stuck there,” he said.

Last week's Cruising Altitude: What it was like onboard a special solar eclipse flight

What are the other unwritten rules of air travel? 

We may not be able to agree about armrests, but at least 94% of us can agree that airplanes are not the right place to pop your pimples, according to Kayak. Actually – why isn’t that number 100%?

No matter their views on the armrest issue specifically, everyone I spoke to for this column agreed that being a decent seat neighbor is all that matters when flying.

“Just be a decent human being. You’re stuck together for, depending on where you’re going, quite a while. I just keep to myself and be courteous of others,” Gregg said.

“Just respect each others’ personal space,” Schulz added.

“What we like to say is just be good people,” Clarke agreed. “Traveling is a lot of fun and a lot of stress, we just encourage people to be good people to each other.” 

Perhaps not surprisingly, they didn’t all have the exact same ideas on how to carry that advice out, but as frequent travelers, they all had good insights on what matters when you fly:

• Help everyone maximize overhead bin space by consolidating your stuff
• Don’t let anyone else hear your electronics
• Give the person behind you a heads-up before you recline your seat

But really the best advice of all is to keep reading Cruising Altitude for all the latest air travel and flying etiquette tips.

Zach Wichter is a travel reporter for USA TODAY based in New York. You can reach him at [email protected].

Watch CBS News

Flying with pets? Here's what to know.

By Anne Marie Lee

Edited By Alain Sherter

Updated on: April 6, 2024 / 10:08 AM EDT / CBS News

Thinking of taking your dog or cat with you the next time you fly? For a growing percentage of the 90.5 million pet owners in the U.S., the answer is yes. But while the notion of boarding a plane with your pet may seem simple, the rules and restrictions around traveling with an animal can be confusing. 

Eight major U.S. airlines allow pets to fly in-cabin as carry-ons. But flying with your pet takes research and planning, as pet policies vary from airline to airline, are steeped in restrictions, and are limited to specific countries and cities. You'll also have to pay an extra fee for your pet ranging from $95 to $200, depending on the airline and where you're flying. And restrictions often change.

For example, American Airlines  recently revised its policies  so passengers flying with pets may also bring one full-size carry-on or personal item. But the carrier prohibits carry-on pets on transatlantic and transpacific flights. Here's what you need to know when considering taking your fur baby with you on a plane.

Cargo, check-in or carry-on?

Most airlines offer three options for transporting animals: cargo, check-in or carry-on. But if your pet is larger than a bread box, your options are limited to the cargo or baggage check-in options, with very few exceptions. 

Given that large canine breeds such as Labrador Retrievers, German Shepherds and Golden Retrievers are among the most popular dogs in the country, the size restriction for in-cabin pet travel can be a major frustration for those who would rather not fly at all if that means putting their pet in cargo. 

A 2023 Forbes Adviser survey of 10,000 U.S. dog owners found that 33% of respondents fly with their pets, while 37% listed not being able to bring their dog on a plane as their biggest annoyance. (You can learn more about the differences between cargo, check-in and carry-on options  here , including warnings about the  dangers  involved when pets travel in the cargo hold.) 

Carry-on pets

Even for pet owners whose animals are small enough to fly as a carry-on, traveling is no breeze.

"When I fly with him I have to go to the desk," Margaret Rauch, 44, told CBS MoneyWatch, referring to her 15-pound poodle mix, Soda. The New York City resident has taken Soda on dozens of flights to St. Croix in the U.S. Virgin Islands, where Soda, now 4, was being fostered by a friend after being found as a stray puppy in 2021. 

In addition to calling the airline in advance to register her dog for a flight, Rauch has to check in at the counter whenever she's traveling with Soda, so the airline agent can confirm her dog and pet carrier conform to the in-cabin pet requirements and that the flight hasn't already met its pet maximum. 

Rauch, who said she would never consider putting Soda in cargo, applauded American Airlines' new policy, while noting that in her experience the one carry-on rule was rarely enforced. 

"I feel the price is already high for what I get. Even with AA's rule change, I lose the underseat space," she said. "My dog creates no extra work for anyone."

Despite the added preparation, paperwork and hassle involved in flying with Soda — not to mention the unfriendly looks she occasionally detects from fellow passengers at the sight of her pet carrier — Rauch said, "It's absolutely worth it." 

Asked how the experience could be improved, she pointed to early boarding for pet owners as something that would help.

"If you can get in early, get a seat and settle down, that is an accommodation I don't expect to see anytime soon but I think it makes sense," Rauch said.

Safety and comfort

For the many Americans who see their pets practically as family members, one of the most challenging aspects of flying is ensuring their animal's comfort and safety. 

"The increasing humanization of pets, which involves treating them as part of the family rather than as mere animals, has increased the demand for pet travel services that are of high quality and can be customized to meet the specific needs of each pet," LinkedIn reported in December.

Among other tips, the U.S. Department of Transportation  and animal experts recommend that you not feed your pet four to six hours before a flight and limit their water intake. Others also suggest keeping bottled water on hand at all times. Additionally, most airlines require certain vaccination and vet certification that your pet is healthy enough to fly. Individual countries also have their own requirements for pets to enter.  

Not surprisingly, some airlines do better than others at handling pets. One of the best-rated carriers for pet travel is Alaska Airlines, which has repeatedly topped rankings, such as NerdWallet's Most pet-friendly airlines of 2024.  In recent years, the airline also has maintained one of the industry's lowest incident ratings, according to Veterinarians.org. United Airlines and Delta are among the airlines with the highest incident rates, according to the pet information website. 

On Rauch's first plane trip with Soda traveling home to New York, a layover in Miami led to the flight sitting on the tarmac for two hours. Calming treats are something that helps keeps her dog relaxed on flights. She also withholds Soda's food and limits his water intake up to five hours before a flight, which is also helpful given that he doesn't like using pet relief areas, which she said generally smell of urine and can be overwhelming for dogs. Flights between New York City and St. Croix are generally under six hours. 

"I'm not sure how I'd handle a flight to Singapore," Rauch said.

Here's a rundown of U.S. airlines' pet travel policies, along with fees and and restrictions:

Alaska Airlines

Pet fee: $100

Pets allowed: Dogs and cats are the only pets allowed in-cabin on international trips and flights to Hawaii. Domesticated rabbits and small household birds are allowed as carry-on on domestic flights.

Destinations: Domestic and international, with additional requirements and documentation required for  pets traveling to Hawaii  or  internationally .

See Alaska's full pet policy here .

American Airlines

Pet fee: $150

Pets allowed: Dogs, cats

Destinations: 

• Within the 48 contiguous U.S.
• The U.S. and Canada*
• Puerto Rico

*Additional special restrictions may apply. See American's full pet policy  here .

Pet fee: $75-$200, depending on destination

Pets allowed: Dogs, cats, household birds

Pet friendly destinations: 

• U.S., Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico
• International destinations with the exception of Australia, U.K., Republic of Ireland and others .

Pets are not permitted on flights to Hawaii. See Delta's full pet policy here .

Frontier Airlines 

Pet fee: $99

Pets allowed: Dogs, cats, rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters and household birds

Destinations: Domestic flights and international flights to and from the Dominican Republic and Mexico.

See Frontier's full pet policy here .

Pet fee: $125

Destinations: Domestic and international. See exceptions for international flights here .

See JetBlue's full pet policy here .

Southwest Airlines

Pet fee: $125 per pet carrier on the U.S. mainland; $35 per pet carrier between Hawaiian Islands

Destinations: Domestic U.S. flights only. For travel to Puerto Rico, specific requirements may  apply . For Hawaii travel, see rules and regulations here.

See Southwest's full pet policy here .

Spirit Airlines

Pets allowed: Dogs, cats, birds (with the exception of flights to or from Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands) or rabbits (with the exception of flights to or from Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands).

Destinations: Domestic flights including Puerto Rico and St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands

See Spirit's full pet policy here .

United Airlines

Destinations: Domestic and international flights with a list of exceptions. United does not allow pets to fly to, from or through certain states and countries. View the list here .

See United's full pet policy here .

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The U.S. issues new travel guidelines, warning that Iran will avenge the killings of senior commanders.

The State Department has barred its employees from traveling to large parts of Israel. Iran has repeatedly vowed to strike back over the deadly bombing this month of an Iranian Embassy complex in Syria.

• Share full article

By Liam Stack and Eric Schmitt

• April 12, 2024

Several countries including the United States have issued new travel guidelines for Israel and the surrounding region, as the Israeli military said its forces were “highly alert” for a possible Iranian strike in retaliation for the killings of several commanders.

Iran has repeatedly vowed to strike back at Israel over the bombing of an Iranian Embassy complex in Damascus, Syria, this month that killed three generals and four other military officers. An American official said on Friday that Washington expects an attack by Iran against Israel that would be bigger than recent attacks in the long shadow war between the two countries, but not so big that it would draw the United States into war. The official spoke on condition of anonymity because of the sensitivity of the matter.

The U.S. State Department on Thursday barred its employees from traveling to large parts of Israel, the first time the U.S. government had restricted the movement of its employees in this way since the war in Gaza began more than six months ago.

On Thursday, Britain told its citizens that they “should consider leaving” Israel and the Palestinian territories “if it is safe to do so.” On Friday, India told its citizens “not to travel to Iran or Israel till further notice,” while France advised people not to travel to Israel, Iran or Lebanon and evacuated the families of French diplomats from Iran.

Asked about the U.S. travel warning , Matthew Miller, the State Department spokesman, said at a news briefing Thursday: “We have seen Iran making public threats against Israel in the past few days.” He declined to provide details about any specific information that prompted the warning.

The new guidelines bar U.S. government employees and their families from traveling to locations outside the Tel Aviv, Jerusalem and Beersheba metropolitan areas “out of an abundance of caution” until further notice. The State Department said U.S. personnel could move among those areas for personal travel.

The top American military commander for the Middle East, Gen. Michael E. Kurilla, traveled to Israel to coordinate a response to possible Iranian retaliation, U.S. officials said.

“Our enemies think that they will divide Israel and the United States,” the Israeli defense minister, Yoav Gallant, said in a statement on Friday after meeting with General Kurilla. “They are connecting us and are strengthening the relationship between us.”

If Iran attacks, he added, “we will know how to respond.”

On Thursday, the Israeli military’s chief spokesman, Rear Adm. Daniel Hagari, said that the armed forces were “highly alert and prepared” for any action Iran might take, even as the timing and scale of any response remained unclear. Analysts say that Tehran, which has long used a network of proxy forces to project power across the Middle East, wants to avoid igniting a full-fledged war that could drag in the United States and threaten the survival of Iran’s regime.

“For years, and even more so during the war, Iran has been financing, directing and arming its proxies — in Lebanon, Gaza, Syria, Iraq and Yemen — to attack the state of Israel,” he said. “An attack from Iranian territory would be clear evidence of Iran’s intentions to escalate the Middle East and stop hiding behind the proxies.”

Liam Stack is a Times reporter covering the Israel-Hamas war from Jerusalem. More about Liam Stack

Eric Schmitt is a national security correspondent for The Times, focusing on U.S. military affairs and counterterrorism issues overseas, topics he has reported on for more than three decades. More about Eric Schmitt

Our Coverage of the Israel-Hamas War

News and Analysis

Gazans released from Israeli detention described graphic scenes of physical abuse  in testimonies gathered by U.N. workers, according to a new report.

Britain, the United States, France and other allies of Israel have voiced their anger over the death toll in Gaza, but when Iran launched a missile barrage at Israel, they set it aside . At least for the moment.

The Israel pavilion at the Venice Biennale is closed this year, since its creative team decided not to exhibit work  until there was a cease-fire and hostage deal in Gaza, but it was nonetheless the site of a large demonstration .

A Surprising Rift: The Israel-Hamas war, which has roiled cultural and political institutions far beyond the Middle East, is causing divisions in a prominent Japanese American group .

Mobilizing the American Left: As the death toll in Gaza climbed, the pro-Palestinian movement grew into a powerful, if disjointed, political force in the United States . Democrats are feeling the pressure.

Riding Rage Over Israel: Jackson Hinkle’s incendiary commentary  has generated over two million new followers on X since October — a surge that some researchers say is aided by inauthentic accounts by the online celebrity.

Psychedelics and Trauma: Thousands of festival-goers were using mind-altering substances when Hamas-led fighters attacked on Oct 7. Now, scientists are studying the effects of such drugs at a moment of trauma .

Airlines suspend flights due to Middle East tensions

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Elections to India's lower house of parliament, the Lok Sabha, run over nearly seven weeks from April 19 to June 4. Most opinion polls predict that Prime Minister Narendra Modi will win a third term at the head of his ruling nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).

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Medications (Liquid)

TSA allows larger amounts of medically necessary liquids, gels, and aerosols in reasonable quantities for your trip, but you must declare them to TSA officers at the checkpoint for inspection.

Learn more about transporting medication on your next flight.