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COVID-19 Travel Regulations Please review the latest updates  published by the Federal Ministry of Interior and Community (BMI) before you travel. 

U.S. citizens do not require a visa to enter Germany. Without a visa, however, they may not stay longer than three months every half-year or take up gainful employment requiring a work permit. If required, citizens may obtain a residence and/or work permit after entry.

For more information, visit the  German Embassy  website.

Welcome to Germany, the meeting, convention, and tourism destination for successful business representatives from around the world. What defines success in business also defines Germany: technology, innovation, flexibility, expertise, efficiency, organization, and mobility. Add the allure of Germany’s brilliant natural beauty, majestic castles and regal palaces, world-class culture and cities steeped in history, and you will come to see why no other destination for business travel even begins to compare. Visit the  German National Tourist Board  website and discover what attracts two-thirds of the world’s top international trade fairs to one place: Germany.

Getting around in Germany

Domestic flights are well developed. Frankfurt and Munich are hubs to Lufthansa, Germany’s national airline. Flying within Germany is quick, taking about 1 hour to get anywhere domestically.

International Airports in Germany (IATA-Code):

BER - Flughafen Berlin Brandenburg

DUS - Flughafen Düsseldorf (Rhein-Ruhr)

FRA - Flughafen Frankfurt am Main (Rhein-Main)

HAM - Flughafen Hamburg (Fuhlsbüttel)

HAJ - Flughafen Hannover (Langenhagen)

CGN - Flughafen Köln/Bonn (Konrad Adenauer)

MUC - Flughafen München (Franz-Josef-Strauß)

NUE - Flughafen Nürnberg

STR - Flughafen Stuttgart

National Airports in Germany (IATA-Code):

ZCC - Flugplatz Baden-Baden

BFE - Flugplatz Bielefeld

DTM - Flughafen Dortmund (Wickede)

DRS - Flughafen Dresden

FDH - Flughafen Friedrichshafen (Löwenthal)

HHN - Flughafen Hahn (Rheinland)

HOQ - Flughafen Hof

KEL - Flughafen Kiel

LHA - Flughafen Lahr (Schwarzwald)

LEJ - Flughafen Leipzig/Halle (Schkeuditz)

LBC - Flughafen Lübeck

MGL - Flughafen Mönchengladbach

FMO - Flughafen Münster/Osnabrück (Greven)

PAD - Flughafen Paderborn-Lippstadt

SCN - Flughafen Saarbrücken (Ensheim)

SGE - Flughafen Siegerland (Burbach)

The  Deutsche Bahn AG  offers a network that will get you almost anywhere in Germany. Rail travel is of no comparison to that in the United States. High-speed trains operate between major cities, making it an efficient alternative to flying, as rail stations are always located in the city center.

Germany’s highway - the Autobahn - is famous. They are in excellent condition and very well developed. However, to keep such quality, maintenance is necessary and construction sites are common.

From several seaports on the North Sea and the Baltic Sea, you may find your desired  ferry connection .

There is a growing network of affordable long-distance bus routes in Germany. The following website identifies connections of various bus companies including booking (German only):  http://www.busliniensuche.de

Additional Information

The German time zone is located within the Central European Time Zone.

To convert U.S. time to German time:

Eastern Standard (EST): +6 hours

Central Standard Time (CST): +7 hours

Mountain Standard Time (MST): +8 hours

Pacific Standard Time (PST): +9 hours

Alaska Standard Time (AST): +10 hours

Hawaii Standard Time (HST): +11 hours

Click  here  to receive more information about Germany’s currency and economy.

International Calls from the USA

To Germany: 011 + 49 + Area Code (disregard 0) + number

Example - German number 030 83051900: Dial 011 49 30 83051900 from the US.

To U.S.: 001 + Area Code + number

Mobile Phones

In Germany, cell phone coverage is almost 100% - you will always have service! However, frequencies throughout Europe differ from those used in North America. Your service provider can tell you if your phone is compatible with the German / European system and offer you alternatives if it is not. Network frequencies: EGSM 900 / GSM 1800 / GSM 1900

Computers & Internet

Bringing a laptop to Germany is simple: most run on both 110 volts, as in North America, or 230 volts, as found throughout Europe. Although the voltage is universal, you will still need an adapter to plug your computer into an electrical outlet.

While in Germany, the Internet is easily accessible. You can often log on at your hotel, either right from your room or in computer rooms, and at business centers, which offer internet access to guests. If neither is available, ask your hotel about an Internet café – chances are an excellent one is right around the corner!

Electric Current

Germany uses 230V. Therefore, a converter will be needed in order to use American 110V devices.

The climate is similar to that of the North Eastern U.S. More current weather information can be found  here .

ATMs/ Banks:  ATMs are as easily found in Germany as they are in North America. They are located at bank branches and in shopping, tourist and other busy areas. Major credit and debit cards, along with all other bank cards carrying the PLUS and NYCE symbols, are universally accepted. When located indoors, use your card to gain access if the door is locked.

Credit Cards:  Credit cards are not commonly accepted in Germany, and they are not typically used for everyday expenses. Although, restaurants, hotels, stores, train stations, and other places regularly frequented by tourists will almost always accept them.

Tipping:  The bill you receive at a hotel, restaurant, café, or bar often includes a service charge already. A tip is an indication of your satisfaction – 10% is average, whereas more than 10% indicates exceptional service. Tip taxi drivers about 10% and porters and others who assist you with baggage one euro per item.

Hours of Business

Stores in Germany generally open between 9 a.m. and 10 a.m, and most close between 6 p.m. and 10 p.m. Monday through Saturday. The regulations vary slightly between the federal states. On Sunday almost all stores are closed, the exceptions being gas stations and convenience stores, which carry some food items, snacks and beverages, newspapers, and journals as well as a basic supply of toiletry articles.

Banks and post offices are generally open from 8:30 a.m. to 1 p.m. and again from 2:30 p.m. to 4 p.m., Monday through Friday; some banks have extended hours on Thursday. Pharmacies open at 8 a.m.

Museums are generally closed on Mondays. Throughout the year, many cities have a “Long Night of the Museums,” where all the city’s museums are open throughout the night.

VAT Refunds & Tax-Free Shopping

Prices for goods and services in Germany always include a 19% value-added tax (VAT). Some or all of the VAT may be refundable for goods purchased at stores displaying the “Tax-Free for Tourists” sign. You will receive a tax-free form upon making a purchase. Before leaving the country and before checking any luggage, present the purchased goods, the tax-free form, and your receipt to German customs officials. They will certify the form as proof of legal export.

You may then obtain a cash refund at one of the Tax-Free Shopping Service counters located at all major border crossings, airports, ferry ports, and train stations.

Links to interesting pages:

• Webpage of the  German Federal Government
• Information about  Germany
• Get impressions of German travel destinations and  German places

What are you looking for?

Business / tourism / visitor visa.

A Schengen visa is required if you intend to stay in the Schengen area for up to 90 days within a 180 day period for business, visitor or tourist purposes.

Visa needed?

Entry clearance requirements depend on the citizenship of the applicant.

We are pleased to confirm that persons holding a US passport do not require a visa for the Schengen Member States, provided that the duration of their stay does not exceed 90 days within any 180 day period and provided that no economic activity is being pursued. If you are not a US passport holder, please check our country list to see if you need a visa: country list

Where and how to apply?

German consular services are available throughout the USA. Customers will need to schedule an appointment via the service provider BLS International (except Consulate General Atlanta).

If you live in the jurisdiction of the Consulate General in Atlanta, please make sure to schedule an appointment in order to apply for a Schengen visa directly at the consulate (not via BLS).

Click below to find out where to submit your application and to learn about any specific application procedures. Due to local particularities handling and processing may vary slightly among the German Missions involved: Consulate Finder

Please note processing time of minimum 2 weeks. In some cases processing time may take up to 4 weeks plus additional business days for mailing your documents. Therefore make sure to schedule an appointment as early as possible before your intended trip to Germany.

In order to apply for a visa, it is not necessary to use services of an agency or service provider for facilitation. Also, some of such agencies provide false claims and information regarding the visa process. The German Missions are only cooperating with BLS International in the US.

Please be aware that the submission of forged documents and/or itineraries can lead to the rejection of the visa application.

Under certain circumstances you can mail in your application to the service provider BLS International . If you live in the consular jurisdiction of the consulate in Atlanta, you might mail in your application there if you qualify .

What do I need to fill out and bring?

• Online Schengen Visa Application Form
• Declaration of Accurancy
• Visa Photo Examples
• Information on Data Protection

Which documents are required?

• Schengen Visa
• Schengen Visa ( EU /EEA spouse, parent or child)
• Schengen Visa (German spouse, parent or child)

Additional content

Medical Health Insurance

Information on Medical Health Insurance when applying for a visa.

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Top tips for a successful business trip to Germany

Julian Munsey

If your company is planning some business travel to Germany, and you have high hopes of success there, you’ll need to prepare yourself with some cultural knowledge and etiquette. Here are a few tips to help you put your best foot forward.

Germans in general are smart, but conservative dressers. Business attire is formal and understated, with men generally in dark-coloured suits, white shirts and solid-coloured, conservative ties. Women generally wear dark suits with white blouses or conservative, tailored dresses.

Communication

German culture is described by the technical term ‘low-context culture.’ What this means is simply that communication is precise, detailed, and does not generally rely on assumptions or context.

When communicating in a German context, whether in English or German, you will want to make things explicit. Your goal is business travel to Germany , not tourism or pleasure, so be practical. Don’t assume that an allusion or hint communicates the information you want to give – just say it.

The flip-side of this is that you don’t want to drone on. Get the information or sentiment to the person you’re talking to, and once that’s done, stop. It can seem abrupt, or even unfriendly at times, but within the German context it is considered precise, efficient and clear. These are important values in German culture and business.

Germans do not normally take well to humour in a business context. Business need not be sombre, but it is serious, and a serious demeanour will be expected.

Lack of encouragement should not be discouraging

Germans are not quick with compliments, and they are unlikely to admit faults. This may be due to the high value placed on precision and the quest for perfection. Doing something very well is not seen as extraordinary, but rather as the minimum of what is expected. Therefore complimenting excellence, to a German, would feel much like complimenting mediocrity.

Likewise, admitting fault is a big deal. It is basically like admitting failure to meet cultural minimums, and is rare in business contexts, even when an error has clearly been made.

This dynamic can be difficult to negotiate, as they may view your compliments or self-depreciation as very negative signs. You don’t want to go too far in the other direction either though – you don’t want to seem cocky, and you don’t want to seem oblivious to instances in which goals were not met.

When faced with this kind of situation, the best thing to do is lean on the facts and data. ‘This work is sufficient’ is better than ‘You did a great job’ and ‘This deadline was missed’ is better than ‘We missed the deadline.’

Learn a few phrases

It’s a well-known fact that knowing the native language of the person you’re doing business with is an advantage, but it isn’t usually practical. The best way to gain some of the benefits, without investing years of study, is simply to signal good will and respect by learning a few easy phrases. A few small words can make your business travel to Germany much more successful.

For example, when greeting each other, Germans like a brief, firm handshake, and usually say guten tag , which means ‘good day,’ or the slightly-less-formal hallo . If you are doing business in the south, or with someone from the south, grüss gott is customary, and means the same as guten tag . Add to these bitte for ‘please’ and danke for ‘thank you’ and you’re off to a good start.

Know your place

Similar to many Asian market contexts, German businesses are very hierarchical, and that hierarchy is overt and important. To ‘know your place’ isn’t a euphemism for debasing yourself, but simply means that it helps to know who you are talking to, and how their position in the other company relates to yours.

If you are a CEO of a small company, speaking to a CEO of a large German company, you are more on an even footing than if you are a lower position in a large company. The title is important, as is the authority over company practices, even if the company is smaller. Germans like to deal with people who have a clear title, and like to know if that person has a degree or other formal education in the area. It is appropriate to make such credentials clear as part of the pitch. Germans will often address someone using their full title, even after the initial introductions.

The key here is not submission, but respect. The formal style of German negotiations, discussed below, helps in this regard – whenever you are in doubt, be formal, respectful and conservative.

Negotiating

German business negotiations are famously to the point. Be clear and concise in what you are offering or needing, your terms and conditions, and do so quite formally. Don’t put out a price with the assumption that you’ll negotiate a great deal; pitch it as close to the actual price you want, because the other party will assume the one you give is close to the mark.

Germany is not very corrupt, and bribery is not common. Integrity is a highly-valued trait, so don’t even joke about anything dishonest or shady.

When backing up your proposal, be ready with clear facts and data that pertain to Germany specifically – don’t use comparisons from other markets unless absolutely necessary.

Finally, respect the schedule. Don’t go over, even if it seems like things are going well. Germans, true to the stereotype, tend to appreciate precision, and showing you can get the meeting done in the scheduled time shows respect and good management.

It should go without saying, of course, that being on time to meetings is very important. Business travel to Germany should be precisely scheduled, and when dealing with your German counterparts, you should stick to the schedule in almost every case. If better options seem to present themselves, leave it to your German hosts to suggest a change – but it is unlikely they will.

The environment

Germany is a leader in renewable and clean forms of power generation, and this is no accident. Germans take environmental protection seriously, and it is an important part of many business pitches.

In line with the German love of meticulous planning, having taken the time to consider environmental impact and to ensure minimal negative impact will be seen as a good sign. It shows high ethical standards, foresight and planning, and a desire to respect and benefit Germany and its people.

Be ready to deliver

Things generally move quickly once agreements are made, so don’t make promises you can’t promptly deliver, or at least deliver within the time constraints of the particular project or industry.

Gift giving

In the context of the pitch and negotiations, gift-giving is not common in Germany, but after the deals are done and some rapport has been established, you may be invited into a less formal, social situation. In that case, it may be appropriate to show appreciation with a gift.

Gifts should be small, not overly expensive, but of good quality. Good choices include wine or chocolates if purchasing locally, or a culturally-significant gift from your home country. Flowers are appropriate, but avoid roses (especially red ones) as they represent romantic intentions, and carnations, lilies and chrysanthemums, as these are all common funeral flowers.

Gifts are usually opened as soon as they are received.

Business travel to Germany can be very rewarding and profitable, but the formality and cultural differences can make initial visits stressful. Don’t worry. A little preparation, some practice, and an overall guideline of ‘respect and formality’ will go a long way.

Start with these top tips and build from there – you’ll be your own expert in no time at all.

Need help organising your business travel?  Get in touch with our travel experts

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Five tips to improve business travel across Germany and beyond

According to VDR’s Business Travel Report 2023 , German business travel increased by 82% to 75.1 million in 2022. Overall expenditure doubled from 2021 to 2022, reaching €26.9 billion.  

Those figures are lower than the record high in 2019—but they’re still a positive testament to an industry that’s continuing to drive real value for employees, organisations, and ultimately customers.

However, the business travel sector faces challenges that make it difficult for organisations to keep their business moving, across Germany and beyond.

Here’s everything you need to know about building a business mobility programme that works better for everyone.   

Building a business travel programme that works better for everyone

Travelling for work can be a major perk that helps attract, engage, and retain employees. Business trips are opportunities for in-person connection at a time when they are becoming increasingly rare. Plus, face-to-face meetings can offer an edge that contributes to positive performance outcomes.

But if business travel makes work harder and not better, trips can become a burden more than a benefit.

Here are five tips to build a business travel programme that keeps your team moving with confidence—and aligns with your company’s values, goals, and budget. 

1 – Prioritise the travel experience

All 100% of VDR’s respondents said they’re feeling the impact of Germany’s current inflation crisis on business travel planning. Cost increases are dramatic—the total costs for business travel rose by 101% between 2021 and 2022—and budgets are often falling too. 

When costs are increasing, it might seem sensible to make travel decisions guided predominantly by cost. But the benefits of business travel hinge on your people having a positive experience.

When planning travel, think about employees’ experiences on the move. How can you help them have a smooth, confident experience from point A to point B?

In cooperation with the VDR Business Travel Analysis 2023 , we asked travel managers what they care about when selecting providers as part of their travel policies. The results were encouraging, showing that most business travel managers are focused predominantly on security and quality—two factors that can have a huge impact on your employees’ travelling experiences:

When planning your business travel programme, these factors should be a top priority—for you, and for the providers you choose.

2 – Provide robust cost control

Traveller experience might top the priority list for corporate travel planning, but robust controls are a close second. That’s why control options for travel managers are very important for 48% of companies, as the image above shows.

This becomes even more vital in a landscape of increasing costs. In particular, ground transportation is often more costly than organisations assume, especially if you have large numbers of frequent travellers. VDR found that 32% of overall business travel costs went to overland transport in 2022. 

With this in mind, it’s unsurprising that managers told us it’s crucial to have a complete, transparent breakdown of overland transport costs, to help with cost control and budgeting:

Your business travel programme should be easy and seamless for employees while providing comprehensive back-end data to help with business strategy and planning. 

3 – Make travel management easier with the right tools

Labor shortages have been a long-running issue across Germany but the pandemic exacerbated the problem, forcing the travel industry to a halt and driving many talented people out of the sector.    

The VDR Business Travel Analysis 2023 confirms that 68% of large organisations and 64% of SMEs have noticed the impact of these travel-sector shortages when organising business travel. 

With cancellations, delays, and disruption, travel managers are battling more admin and bureaucracy than ever. Are you arming them with simple tools to make travel planning as smooth as possible, to ease some of this burden?

4 – Leverage relationships with travel businesses

Many travel and hospitality businesses offer loyalty programmes, volume discounts, or perks which can help reduce your overall travel costs and contribute to a great travel experience for your teams. 

Plus, developing relationships with travel brands can simplify the admin work associated with researching, booking and expensing. Happier travel managers; happier travellers. 

5 – Embed sustainability goals in travel planning

Both executive teams and employees are increasingly concerned about sustainability, which has an impact on business travel planning. For example, Fortune’s 2022 CEO survey reports that 58% of chief executives have a plan to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050 or before. 

Reducing business travel is an obvious first resort to improve sustainability—and 90% of companies are already doing or are planning to do this.

But what about when business travel is needed? 

One critical factor is comprehensive sustainability reporting—especially since the January 2023 introduction of the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD). This new directive means a broad spectrum of companies will be mandated to conduct sustainability reporting, starting from fiscal 2024. 

The research shows that organisations of all types do more reporting in 2022 than in 2021—although there’s still a way to go: 

Moreover, 73% of smaller and 83% of larger companies include overland modes of transport in those reports. 

Ensuring your travel programmes track relevant, comprehensive metrics for each business trip means you can better measure progress against sustainability goals. 

Also, you could consider giving preference to airlines, hotels, car rental companies, and rideshare companies that offer green options such as electric vehicles.

Improve business travel with Uber for Business

In Germany and beyond, business travel can be challenging but it’s still valuable—for employees, organisations, and customers. 

Available in over 10,000 cities including 21 across Germany, Uber is reimagining the way the world moves. 

Choose Uber for Business to streamline business travel for your travellers and travel managers, giving you confidence and control. Let business trips stay what they should be: an asset, not a hassle. 

More than 170,000 organisations globally trust Uber for Business to keep their business moving—seamlessly and with safety as a top priority. Learn more about Uber for Business .

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How to calculate Germany’s per diem rates in 2023 / 2024

Published on November 28, 2023

Germany is known worldwide for its cultural commitment to efficiency and attention to detail. For the most part, these ideas have served the nation well - it boasts the fourth-largest economy in the world; first in Europe.

But in some cases, efficiency and precision butt heads against one another. And business trips are one of those cases.

Employees in German companies have fixed per diem rates to cover travel expenses . These are set by the government, which in theory makes things more efficient. Companies don’t need to create their own policies - they just follow the rules.

But there’s a problem: the rules are fairly complex, and lots of businesses struggle to follow them.

Efficiency, meet precision.

In this article, we’re going to give you a clear overview of the law for business travel within Germany and abroad.

Please note: This article contains per diem rates and rules for 2024 (in place since 2021). You can find applicable flat rates for the most common destinations further down in this article.

What are per diem rates?

This will probably be clear to most readers, but it’s important that we set out just what we’re talking about. While travelling for work, certain costs are incurred by the employee and should be reimbursed by the company .

Some costs are expected to be covered your per diem, and therefore don’t need to be claimed separately. You’ll simply want to keep these costs below the daily per diem rate you’ve been allocated.

Other costs aren’t covered by your per diem, which means you should include them in an expense claim .

Covered by per diem

These will fall under the fixed rates below, and should not be claimed separately .

Meals purchased while travelling for work

The law (see below) only talks about meals. Some employees will choose to include other small costs (metro tickets or stationery for example), rather than seeking reimbursement for these minor items.

Not covered by per diem

These expenses should still be reimbursed by the company as part of a separate expense claim .

Transport to and from the airport or meetings

Accommodation if staying overnight

Meals and other costs incurred while meeting clients

Keep this distinction in mind when travelling. Now, let’s look at the specific rules for per diems.

The law around German per diem rates

The applicable law in this case is the statute on income tax - more precisely section 9, paragraph 4(a) (link in German). This covers meals for travelling workers, and essentially states the following:

If the employee works outside their home and first place of work (external occupational activity), a lump sum for meals is paid in compensation for the additional expenses.

[The actual rates paid are in the next section of this post.]

Since it would be time-consuming, complicated, and potentially unfair to have individual businesses set their own rates, the government does it for them. So as long as the rates are easy to understand and make sense, this is a good thing.

It also prevents the need for itemized expense claims - something employees generally hate . You don’t need to submit every receipt and take hours filling in expense reports. If you travel for X number of days, you receive Y in reimbursement.

The rates depend on travel duration and destination (see table below).

Note : You can’t claim these rates twice.

Two fee rates for all business trips

At the end of each year, the Federal Ministry of Finance publishes the applicable meal allowances for the following year. For the first time in many years, the flat rate allowances for business travel were updated in 2020.

Although the lump sums have changed for some countries, the basic principle remains the same. Since January 1, 2014, only two meal per diems apply, both within Germany and abroad. These are based on the travel duration:

Small meal allowance : for business trips lasting more than eight hours and less than 24 hours. This rate also applies to arrival and departure days of multi-day business trips.

Large meal allowance : For business trips that last longer than 24 hours. This rate is applied to every single day.

Important note : The expense calculation is based on full calendar days . In fact, to claim a full day, the traveller actually has to be away from home (or the office) from 0:00 to 24:00.

Anyone who went on a business trip before 2014 will find that a few things have changed with the reform of travel expenses. The most important change: business trips with a duration of less than eight hours can no longer be billed .

Current per diem rates in Germany

The rates for business travel in Germany changed slightly in 2020, for the first time in years.

Even with the 2014 reform, only the categories were changed, but not the amount of the lump sums. So this 2020 update is worth noting.

Today, these are the lump sum amounts for German per diems :

For business trips with a duration of less than 24 but more than eight hours, €14 can be noted in the travel expense report.

With a minimum duration of 24 hours, €28 euros can be claimed for each full day, and €14 euros for arrival and departure days (which will obviously be less than 24 hours).

The overnight flat rate is €20 - to be used for accommodation. In reality, accommodation will usually be covered fully by the employer , so travelling employees won’t claim this cost. But in cases where accommodation is not covered - for freelancers, for instance - this cost can usually be claimed through an individual’s income taxes.

Why is the overnight lump sum so low? One theory is that this should prevent fraudulent charges if business travellers choose to stay with friends or relatives.

You can find an example calculation in our free travel expense report template .

Exceptions to these rules

No good rules or regulations would be complete without exceptions. Thankfully, in this case they’re simple and quite brief.

First, the food allowance will only be paid in full if the business traveller actually pays for their own food . If the employer pays for meals on the trip, the rate will be reduced accordingly:

If breakfast is included (in the hotel fee, for example), 20 percent of the flat rate will be deducted for the day.

If lunch or dinner is provided by the employer, 40 percent of the fee will be removed.

For shorter business trips, it should be noted that meals provided by the employer are subject to income tax. Here are the so-called non-monetary benefits which must be taken into account in at tax time :

For breakfast, the value is currently €2.00.

For a lunch or dinner, €3.80 will be charged.

Foreign packages for business travel

As already mentioned, the categories for food allowances for business trips in Germany and abroad apply equally. But the rates of reimbursement may differ significantly depending on the country .

While an overnight stay in London, for example, costs €163, in Rome the value is only €150. For a day in Tokyo, the package is €50, but in Athens it's only €40.

The list also includes prices in different regions in the same country. For example, a stay in Miami is more expensive than in Los Angeles.

Unlike the lump sums for business travel within Germany, the rates for foreign destinations are frequently adjusted .

To help, we put together a list with the most frequented destinations and their respective meal allowances in this article. (at the bottom).

You can find the complete list here .

German per diems: clear as mud

Hopefully this article has helped to clear up some of the confusion around the German per diem system. In some ways it all seems unnecessarily complex, but once you have the basic concepts it should be fairly simple to repeat regularly.

The key parts to remember are the specific rates you can claim for each day, and that you can’t claim costs that have already been covered by your employer .

To help you manage your next business trip and keep on top of all spending (per diem or not), download our free Expense Report Template below.

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• Business and industry

Travel to Germany for work

Check if you need a visa or permit to work in Germany and how to get one if you do.

This guide is for British citizens travelling for business or other work purposes. It explains what employers, employees, or the self-employed need to do if they need a visa or permit.

This information is provided as a guide only. You must always check the exact application process and document requirements with the German embassy or immigration authorities .

Entry requirements

If you’re going to Germany to work (or any other EU country , Switzerland, Norway, Iceland or Liechtenstein) you must make sure you meet passport and other travel requirements .

Germany is in the Schengen area . If you’re travelling for business for up to 90 days in a 180-day period, you may be able to do some business-related activities without needing a visa or permit, such as attend business meetings. It does not matter how many countries you visit in the Schengen area. Your total stay must be no more than 90 days in every 180 days. The 180-day period keeps ‘rolling’.

If you’re staying for longer, or for other types of work, you may need a visa or permit.

The German authorities are responsible for setting and enforcing entry rules. They decide which activities need a visa or permit, or which may be exempt.

You must always check with the German embassy or immigration authorities  before you travel, to make sure you meet their legal requirements.

If you’re working in more than one country, you need to check the entry rules of each country.

If you need a passport, visa or permit, you should apply well in advance of travel.

Visa and permit documents

This guide explains the general application process for some of the visa or permit types available in Germany. It includes a checklist of documents that you’ll usually need to include when applying.

It may not cover all scenarios so you must always check the exact application process and document requirements with the German  embassy  or  immigration authorities .

You must also check what format the documents should be presented in, including if they must be:

• ‘legalised’ (with an apostille)  or notarised
• originals, or if copies are acceptable
• signed in ink (a wet signature), or if they can be signed electronically (an e-signature)
• dated within a certain period of time, such as 30 days before you submit your application

Countries often use the terms visa, work permit and residence permit differently. For example, some may refer to a work permit as a visa.

This guide uses the same terms used in Germany, so you know which ones to use when speaking to the German authorities.

Check if you need a visa or permit

You do not need a visa or permit if you’re travelling to Germany for up to 90 days in a 180-day period for specific business-related activities. These activities can include:

• attending job interviews
• going to court as a witness
• attending trade fairs
• board meetings
• meeting clients or customers, including entertainment such as eating at a restaurant
• meeting colleagues, contractors, sellers, suppliers or other customers for business meetings
• fact-finding visits, as long as it’s not an essential part of the project or a day-to-day work activity
• negotiating deals or contracts
• attending, speaking or presenting at a conference
• team building activities
• leisure travel such as holidays or visiting friends or family

Or for the following types of training, so long as it’s for the same company or group and does not exceed 90 days in a 12 month period:

• classroom-based training
• on-the-job training
• shadowing someone’s job, as long as the focus is on training

These activities are covered by the  Schengen waiver .

Border checks

At the border, you may be asked to show:

• proof of return travel, such as plane or train tickets
• health insurance that covers your stay
• proof of accommodation for your entire stay
• enough money for the duration of your trip
• an invitation letter explaining your trip, or a plan for any training you’ll be doing

Check Germany’s exemptions

Certain types of work and activities do not require a visa or permit because they’re exempt.

All countries have their own exemptions. What may be exempt in one country may not be in another. You should always check with the country’s authorities.

Exempt for 90 days in 12 months

The following do not require a visa or permit in Germany if they’re for less than 90 days in a 12-month period:

• academic staff, such as scientists, technicians, engineers or language teachers working at research or higher education institutions (does not include researchers at accredited research institutions)
• teachers working at state or approved private schools
• internships, if you meet legal requirements – check these with the German authorities
• journalists employed in the UK  and living outside Germany
• fashion models
• after sales service, such as installing software or machinery, or completing technical maintenance, repairs and training – your employer must submit a  notification to the German Federal Employment Agency  before you start working
• travel guides who accompany tourist groups to Germany – you must keep your regular place of residence in the UK
• translators who need to take part in meetings and discussions in Germany – you must keep your regular place of residence in the UK
• international (cross border) rail and road traffic industry workers – including drivers who collect and unload deliveries, bus or coach drivers, train operators, train service staff and attendants
• sea and air transportation workers, such as international ship crew, sea pilots, technical staff, passenger service staff and plane crew – aircraft pilots, engineers and navigators employed by German companies will need a work permit
• speaking, lecturing or performing in science, the arts, entertainment or sports of special interest (performers and their assistants) – you must keep your regular place of residence in the UK
• working in special cultural or musical events or festivals, or in the film and television industry
• working in a recognised voluntary position or carrying out charitable or religious work

Also, sport and e-sport professionals and trainers working for a German sports organisation or taking part in German competitions with these conditions:

• you must be over 16
• the sport organisation must pay at least 50% of the minimum contribution to the statutory insurance pension scheme
• the German national association for your sport must recognise you as a professional athlete or trainer (this is only possible for the top leagues in sport, except for football, where the second league is also acceptable)

Exempt for 90 days in 180 days

Directors, board members and business leaders are exempt for up to 90 days in a 180-day period. For more than 90 days you need a long-term work permit from the first day of work.

If you have an EU intra-company transfer permit (EU ICT) from another country you can work in Germany for 90 days in a 180-day period. Your employer has to  notify the German Federal Office for Migration and Refugees (BAMF) .

This exemption is covered by the  Schengen visa waiver .

Show proof of exemption

You need to be able to show proof that you’re exempt to the authorities on request. This could be:

• an assignment letter
• employment confirmation
• proof of required qualifications

Further checks

If you’re not sure if you need a visa or permit to travel you can get advice from the German  embassy  or  immigration authorities .

Applying for a visa or permit

This guide outlines the steps required for each visa or permit, but you must check the exact rules and processes with the German  embassy  or  immigration authorities .

Usually, you should apply for a national D visa so you can start working. You then apply for a longer-term residence permit once in Germany.

Taking your family

You may be able to apply for dependant permits if you have a family and want them to join you. It depends on the type of work permit you have.

Find out about taking your family with you .

Short-term visa and work authorisation

If you’re going to Germany for less than 90 days, and the activities do not fall under the  list of exemptions , then you can apply for a  Schengen C visa with work authorisation .

Long-term visas and permits

Germany offers  long-term visas and permits for work  for stays of over 90 days. They are valid for up to 4 years depending on which one you need.

You must apply for one if your profession is not exempt or you’re in Germany because you’re:

• transferring to a German branch of a UK-based company (intra-corporate transfer), even if it’s for a short period of time
• working for a German company on a German employment contract
• providing services to a client in Germany
• providing services as a self-employed worker or setting up a business
• conducting research work

Transferring to a German branch of a UK-based company

You need one of these permits if your UK-based company moves you to a German branch to work:

• international staff exchange programme
• EU intra-company transfer permit (EU ICT)

If you do not qualify for these permits, you may also be able to get a  permit for privileged nations .

International staff exchange

If you need to work at a German branch temporarily, your employer can use the  international staff exchange .

To qualify your employer your employer must:

• be registered with the personnel exchange department of the German labour office
• have a branch in Germany and exchange staff with their offices in other countries
• have at least a bachelor’s level degree or equivalent professional experience
• keep your UK employment contract – this must be valid for the length of your stay
• be paid a salary that is equivalent to the standard German salary for somebody in a similar position and with a similar background

The international staff exchange permit takes up to 12 weeks to get. It’s valid for up to 3 years (or up to the end of your passport validity, if shorter) and cannot be extended. You can apply for the permit again 6 months from the expiration of the previous permit.

If you have a family, they can join you as dependants.  Find out about taking your family with you .

How it works

You need to check with the German authorities on the exact process. This is a rough guide to help you prepare.

If you are applying outside of Germany, there is an option for your employer to submit a request for pre-approval from the Federal Employment Agency (FEA) before you apply for your visa. This will speed up the process.

If you are applying outside of Germany and have pre-approval from the FEA :

You book an appointment through the German Visa Application Centre (TLS) booking system .

You complete the online D-visa application form , print the form, sign it and submit the application form and documentation requirements in person at the visa application centre

After arrival into Germany:

You must register your German residential address at the local city hall within 14 days of moving into permanent accommodation if staying in Germany more than 3 months.

If you intend to stay in Germany after your national D-visa expiry date, you will need to submit a residence permit application at your  local immigration office before your D visa expires – check with them which forms and documents you need.

If you are applying outside of Germany and you do not have pre-approval from the FEA :

You book an appointment via the Embassy’s booking system

You complete the online D-visa application form , print the form, sign it and submit the application form and documentation requirements in person at the Embassy in the UK . The Embassy will request for pre-approval once your application has been filed.

If you have a German residential address, you must register your address at the local city hall within 14 days of moving into permanent accommodation if staying in Germany more than 3 months.

If you are applying in Germany:

You must register your German residential address at the local city hall within 14 days of moving into permanent accommodation if staying in Germany more than 3 months

You complete the residence permit application form, print the form, sign it and submit the application in person with the local immigration office in Germany . The local immigration offices often have their own forms. If you’re applying while in Germany, always check with the office before submitting your application.

You will not be able to start working until you have your final residence permit.

Application documents

German authorities may request different documents at different stages of the process. Usually, they need:

• completed  D-visa application form  or local equivalent
• declaration of employment form  (‘Erklärung zum Beschäftigungsverhältnis’), to be completed by your employer
• form B ( ‘Zusatzblatt B’) under ‘fast track procedure for skilled workers’ to be completed by your employer
• completed residence permit application form for post arrival procedure, if required
• 2 standard passport photos (35mm x 45mm)
• passport for you and any accompanying dependants – valid for 6 months, less than 10 years old, and with at least 2 blank pages
• degree or qualification certificate relevant to the job
• job description
• signed assignment agreement with your employer
• organisation chart showing the relationship between the UK and German operations
• birth certificate, for any accompanying children ( legalised with an apostille )
• marriage certificate, if your spouse is accompanying you ( legalised with an apostille )
• health insurance cover in Germany, for you and any accompanying dependants
• proof of residence in Germany, including signed confirmation from the landlord (required once you get to Germany)

EU intra-company transfer (ICT)

You need an  EU intra-company transfer permit (EU ICT) permit)  if your UK-based company moves you to a branch in Germany to work for:

• up to 3 years, if you’re a manager or specialist
• up to 1 year, if you’re a trainee
• be a manager, specialist or trainee
• have specialist knowledge in the field
• have worked for the company abroad for at least 6 months

An ICT takes up to12 weeks to get. You can not extend it beyond the 3 years, or 1 year for trainees. You can apply for the permit again 6 months from the expiration of the previous permit.

If you have a family they can join you as dependants.  Find out about taking your family with you .

• organisational chart showing the relationship between the UK and German operations

Working for a German company on a German employment contract

You need to apply for one of these permits if you have an offer of employment with a company in Germany:

EU Blue Card

• visa for qualified specialists
• privileged nations permit

You can apply for an  EU Blue Card  if your qualification is relevant to the position.

You must have either:

• a recognised degree from an accredited university outside Germany
• a degree from a German university
• a tertiary-level qualification that took at least 3 years to complete

If your degree is not recognised you can  apply to get it recognised . The authority aims to examine documents within 3 to 4 months but it can be quicker.

You must also:

• have an offer of employment with a company in Germany for at least 6 months
• pay social security contributions in Germany
• meet the minimum annual salary requirements

The EU Blue Card takes up to 12 weeks to get. It’s valid for up to 4 years (or up to the end of your passport validity, if shorter) and can be extended.

This permit type can lead to permanent residence if you meet the criteria.

If you are applying outside of Germany:

You complete the online D-visa application form , print the form, sign it and submit the application form and documentation requirements in person at the visa application centre sign it and submit the application form and documentation requirements in person at the visa application centre

• passport for you and any accompanying dependants, issued within the last 10 years and valid for 6 months with at least 2 blank pages
• work permit pre-approval, only for shortage occupations
• signed employment contract with a German company

Qualified specialists

If you’re a qualified specialist you can apply for a visa for qualified specialists (work permit).

To qualify you must:

• have an offer of employment with a company in Germany
• have specific knowledge, skills or experience in the field

It takes up to 12 weeks to get. It’s valid for up to 4 years (or up to the end of your passport validity, if shorter) and can be extended.

• degree certificate relevant to the job

Permit for privileged nations

You can apply for a privileged nations permit if you’re:

• transferring to a German branch of a UK company
• working for a German company based on a German employment contract
• providing services to a client when your company does not have a branch in Germany (Direktentsendung)

If you’re providing services you need to make sure you could never be classed as temporarily employed by the client. You must:

• stay employed in the UK
• report to your UK employer and not directly to the client

You do not need to meet any educational or experience requirements for this permit.

You’ll be labour market tested so must be able to show that you have the necessary skills and experience for the job.

The privileged nations permit takes up to 12 weeks to get. It’s valid for up to 4 years (or up to the end of your passport validity, if shorter) and can be extended.

• work permit pre-approval, if available
• signed employment contract with your employer

Self-employed work

If you want to provide services as a self-employed worker or set up a business, you’ll need a  visa for self-employment  (work permit). To qualify you must:

• show there’s economic interest or regional demand for your services
• prove that your activities have a positive effect on the German economy
• be able to support your activities either with your own money or with an approved loan
• support yourself without burdening the German social security system

It takes up to 12 weeks to get. It’s valid up to 3 years (or up to the end of your passport validity, if shorter) and can be extended. This permit type can lead to permanent residence after 3 years if you meet the criteria.

• completed D-visa application form or local equivalent
• proof you can support yourself financially with your chosen work
• proof your work fulfils an economic interest in Germany, such as a business plan or confirmation letter from the Chamber of Commerce and Industry (Deutsche Industrie- und Handelskammer)
• proof of enough personal money or a loan approval
• proof of trade such as a professional licence, if applicable
• proof of retirement provisions if you’re over 45

Research work

You can apply for a visa for research  (work permit) if you have an offer of employment with a recognised research institution.

To qualify:

• the institution must sign a confirmation they will be covering your living expenses and pay your return travel costs to your home country within 6 months after your position ends
• you must have either a PhD or a qualification that will allow you to start a PhD programme

The visa for research takes up 12 weeks to get. It’s valid for at least a year (or up to the end of your passport validity, if shorter) and can be extended.

If you have a family they can join you as dependants. Find out about taking your family with you .

• hosting agreement between you and the German international research institution
• proof of residence in Germany including signed confirmation from the landlord (required once you get to Germany)

German government guidance

Read official German government guidance on visas and permits .

Check for travel changes

European governments may update or change their rules without notice.

You should always check general travel advice for Germany , for updates on issues, such as safety and security, entry requirements and travel warnings before travelling, or planning to travel.

Updates made to reflect new visa legislation and process requirements, and processing times, including to: Transferring to a German branch of a UK company; Working for a German company on a German employment contract ; Self-employed work. Hyperlinks updated to offer English-language versions of webpages.

Content reviewed. No changes made. (The information provided is up-to-date as of 11 September 2023.)

Content reviewed. No changes made. (The information provided is up-to-date as of 21 July 2023).

Clarified that the online D-visa application form can be used only for applications made at the embassy/consulate in the UK. Applications made at local immigration offices in Germany may use a different form. Updated the application documents required for an international staff exchange. (The information provided is up-to-date as of 22 March 2023).

Content reviewed. No changes made. (The information provided is up-to-date as of 9 January 2023).

The national D-visa can now be complered online. We've added details of the forms to be completed by the employer ('declaration of employment' and 'Form B'). The processing time for the qualified specialists and privileged nations permits have changed to 8 to 12 weeks. The information provided is up-to-date as of 23 September 2022.

Updated salary criteria for qualified specialists. The information provided is up-to-date as of 30 November 2021.

First published.

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• SafeBusinessTrips

Safe business trips during and after the pandemic

Hygiene & Safety

• Safe Business Trips: Decision Criteria
• New & Best Practices
• Premium Partner: Tourismus NRW e.V.

You have questions or want to join the campaign? Contact us!

Dr. Martina Neunecker

• Director Communications & Strategy
•  +49 69 24293025
• [email protected]

Become a partner of #SafeBusinessTrips:

Your opportunities to join the campaign (pdf in german language only).

Download file (PDF, 705.1 KB)

Business trips in Germany follow clear guidelines and legal principles. In the wake of a worldwide pandemic, however, many companies and employees are asking themselves new questions: When will work-related travel be possible and sensible again? How can the health and safety of employees be ensured in the best possible way? What new offers are there along the delegate journey of business travel?

Together with the German National Tourist Board (GNTB), the GCB German Convention Bureau presents the initiative "Safe Business Trips", which bundles and structures all this information to provide interested parties with an overview and assist them in making the decision to #SafeBusinessTrips.

On the following pages you will find both legally sound criteria for deciding for or against a business trip in times of a pandemic as well as diverse new and best practice examples from our partners. In addition, we cordially invite all stakeholders along the business travel chain to join the initiative and share their own approaches.

#SafeBusinessTrips – All campaign partners:

Concepts and measures along the entire delegate journey

Up-to-date information for business events

New & Best Practices

Restarting the meetings destination Germany

Decision criteria

Important questions around safe business trips

In Cooperation with:

• AMS - Advanced Mobility Solutions
• Deutsche Bahn
• Lufthansa Group Airlines
• Hotel Bayerischer Hof
• Hotel Berlin Central District
• BWH Hotel Group
• Deutsche Hospitality
• DHI Dorint Hospitality & Innovation
• Flemings Hotels
• Lindner Hotels & Resorts
• Maritim Hotels
• Marriott Frankfurt Airport Hotels: Marriott & Sheraton
• Hotel Maximilian's
• Radisson Hotel Group
• Landgut Stober
• Vienna House Andel’s Berlin
• Eurogress Aachen
• Messe Bremen und Congress Bremen
• Düsseldorf Congress
• Messe Erfurt
• Estrel Berlin
• Messe Frankfurt
• Fraport Conference Center
• Leipziger Messe Locations
• Musik- und Kongresshalle Lübeck
• Locations of Messe München
• Messe und Congress Centrum Halle Münsterland
• Messe Stuttgart
• VILA VITA Marburg
• Encore - KFP Five Star Conference Services
• visitBerlin - Berlin Convention Office
• Tourismusmarketing Brandenburg
• Bremen Convention Bureau
• Frankfurt Convention Bureau
• Hamburg Convention Bureau
• Hessen MICE Net
• Convention Bureau Karlsruhe & Region
• NürnbergConvention
• Stuttgart Convention Bureau
• Cornerstone Meetings
• CPO HANSER SERVICE
• Back to Presence: Large Medical Congress at the CCL
• IAA Mobility 2021
• Best Practices from Stuttgart

GCB in English

Unfortunately, this page is only available in German at the moment. You can find information about GCB in English at the english gcb site .

• Arbeitsrecht 4.0
• Arbeitsrecht in der Pandemie
• Datenschutz
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• Kollektivarbeitsrecht
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• Restrukturierung
• Top-Management
• Unternehmensführung
• Alle Themen

Business trip to Germany: Visa required?

With international business on the rise, business trips of employees from non-EU countries to Germany are becoming more and more relevant. When planning such a business trip, a number of questions arise: Does the employee need a visa? If so, which kind – and how does she obtain it?

No visa required for “privileged” citizens on a business trip

When planning the business trip of a foreign employee to Germany, employers should first seek to answer two key questions:

• Is the foreign employee a “privileged” citizen?

In principle, every foreigner needs a visa or residence/work permit to enter and stay in Germany ( sec. 4 para. 1 s. 1 Act on the Residence, Economic Activity and Integration of Foreigners in the Federal Territory – AufenthG ). However, citizens of certain countries are legally privileged and therefore permitted to enter Germany and stay in Germany visa-free for limited periods of time. Therefore, citizens of

Albania, Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, The Bahamas, Barbados, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Chile, Costa Rica, Dominica, El Salvador, Georgia, Grenada, Guatemala, Honduras, Israel, Japan, Canada, Kiribati, Colombia, the Republic of Korea, Macau, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Macedonia, Mexico, Micronesia, Moldavia, Monaco, Montenegro, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Palau, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Solomon Islands, Samoa, San Marino, Serbia, Seychelles, Singapore, St. Kitts and Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent and Grenadines, Taiwan, East Timor, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuvalu, Ukraine, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, United Arab Emirates, USA ( 41 Residence Regulation – AufenthV – only available in German; Annex II to Regulation (EC) No 539/2001 ) – as set out in the overview of the Federal Foreign Office on visa-free entry –

may enter Germany and stay in Germany visa-free for a period of up to 90 days (within a period of 180 days). Citizens of other countries must obtain a visa at the competent German Embassy or Consulate abroad to travel to Germany.

Brexit : If the current draft version of the Brexit Agreement is ratified, British citizens will continue to be able to enter, stay and work in Germany visa-free during the transitional period 30 March 2019 – 31 December 2020 ( Art. 126, 127 ) (and this will apply vice versa for EU citizens in the UK). For the time after the transitional period, the draft agreement only provides regulations regarding the status of British citizens already living in the EU (and vice versa regarding EU citizens already living in the UK) ( Art. 14-24 ). However, in the Memorandum of Understanding on the framework of future EU-UK relations (para. 52), it was announced that visa-free travel for short-term visits of British citizens to the EU (and EU citizens to the UK) was intended to continue.

• Is it a business trip?

All foreigners, including privileged citizens, require a visa or combined residence/work permit ( Aufenthaltstitel ) to undertake employment in Germany. The visa or combined residence/work permit must explicitly allow them to undertake such employment ( sec. 4 para. 3 and sec. 2 para. 2 AufenthG ).

However, some activities are not considered employment under German immigration law. They can therefore be carried out without a visa or combined residence/work permit by privileged citizens during a visa-free stay. Business trips that take place up to 90 days within a period of 180 days are not considered employment ( sec. 30 No. 1 and sec. 16 Foreigner Employment Regulation – BeschV – only available in German ).

Therefore, if the foreign employee is a privileged citizen, she can go on a business trip to Germany without a visa or combined residence/work permit for up to 90 days within a period of 180 days.

Caution: Business trip or employment requiring a visa?

Caution is advised when assessing whether the employee’s activities constitute a business trip to Germany or employment in Germany . Under German immigration law ( sec. 16 BeschV – only available in German ), an activity is considered a business trip

• if the foreigner is employed abroad in the commercial/trading sector by an employer domiciled in Germany ( sec.  16 No. 1 BeschV – only available in German ), or
• if the foreigner conducts meetings or negotiations in Germany, prepares contract offers, concludes contracts or supervises the execution of a contract for an employer domiciled abroad ( sec. 16 No. 2 BeschV – only available in German ), or
• if, for an employer domiciled abroad, the foreigner establishes, monitors or manages a German part of its corporation ( sec. 16 No. 3 BeschV – only available in German ).

A foreign employee coming to Germany in order to conduct meetings or negotiations in Germany for an employer domiciled abroad constitutes a classic business trip ( sec. 16 No. 2 BeschV – only available in German ). However, distinguishing meetings and negotiations on the one hand from employment in Germany on the other hand can be very difficult in individual cases .

This distinction is very important as employers and foreign employees run a considerable risk of liability in case the foreigner is considered employed in Germany, but does not have the appropriate visa or residence/work permit to be employed in Germany (e.g. employer fine of up to € 500,00.00 pursuant to sec. 404 para. 2 No. 3 German Social Code, Book3 – SGB III – only available in German ; employee fine of up to € 5,000.00 pursuant to sec. 404 para. 2 No. 4 SGB III – only available in German ; criminal liability pursuant to sec. 95 exp. 1a AufenthG ). Employers are therefore advised to carefully examine, prior to the employee’s business trip, which activities the employee will exercise in Germany and if these amount to a business trip or if they constitute employment in Germany .

Not a privileged citizen and/or not a business trip – what to do?

If the foreign employee is not a privileged citizen , she requires a Schengen Visa for a business trip. This visa is issued for up to 90 days within a period of 180 days ( sec. 6 para. 1 No. 1 AufenthG ).

If the foreign employee’s travels do not constitute a business trip, but employment in Germany , both a privileged and a non-privileged citizen would need a visa or residence/work permit ( sec. 4 para. 3 AufenthG ). Citizens of Australia, Israel, Japan, Canada, the Republic of Korea, New Zealand and the USA may obtain such a visa or residence/work permit (e.g. a residence/work permit for the purpose of employment pursuant to sec. 18 AufenthG or a Blue Card EU pursuant to sec. 19a AufenthG ) after entering Germany or may apply for a National Visa at the competent German Embassy or Consulate abroad before entering Germany ( sec. 6 para. 3 AufenthG ). Citizens of other countries must apply for a National Visa at the competent German Embassy or Consulate abroad before entering Germany ( sec. 6 para. 3 AufenthG ).

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Changes to ukrainian immigration rules against a backdrop of war, travelling for business within the schengen area, immigration and global mobility update / february 2023, 1 kommentar.

Very useful information, really thank you so much for providing such information. I am really glad to see this information.

The VDR – Germany’s business travel association

We are Germany’s largest network for business mobility covering any form of business travel from rail and air to rental cars. The VDR represents a cross section of the German economy with over 600 member companies including large corporate groups, SMEs, organisations and service providers to the business travel management sector. We provide companies with a network of experts and as the Verband Deutsches Reisemanagement e.V. (German Business Travel Association, VDR), we are active throughout Germany in dealing with issues relating to business travel. Unique, experienced and professional.

We help companies and organisations set up and professionalise their mobility management systems. Efficient, modern and sustainable. 

We maintain a continuous dialogue with our members, business travel service providers, public authorities, the German government and other associations. We focus on acting in the interests of our member companies and represent them nationally and internationally. The VDR is also the sector’s networking platform as well as a knowledge database.

Our range of benefits

We offer a complete range of benefits for our members which are only available in this from the VDR – from discounts on travel services for example, to networking advantages such as exchanging experiences with colleagues, exclusive information from the industry and unique education and training opportunities.

Our mission: first-class travel management

Vdr members come in all shapes and sizes.

We are the first port of call in Germany for business mobility issues in the public and private sectors. As the Verband Deutsches Reisemanagement e.V. (German business travel association - VDR), we campaign for economic, safe and professional business travel throughout Germany, Europe and the world. We represent German industry on issues affecting the general and competitive conditions for business travel and have been doing so since 1974. Our work in this area benefits from our many years of experience, expertise and up-to-date knowledge of the industry including all aspects of digitalisation. Indeed, the VDR has been the centre of competence in Germany for all issues relating to the optimisation of business travel for more than four decades now. We are the largest network of experts for this purpose in Germany – and maintain a constant dialogue with our members, travel service providers, political representatives and other associations at both a national and an international level. Our aim in every respect is to make mobility management as professional as possible.

Germany’s largest network for business mobility

More than 600 companies of all sizes from all sectors – from corporate groups to established SMEs through to internationally operating start-ups - are members of VDR. And numbers are on the rise because business mobility is becoming increasingly important for companies. The fact that all major airlines, hotel chains, car rental companies, the German Railways and other business travel service providers have joined VDR as providers shows how comprehensive our network is. This means we can work with our members to influence product and process developments and bring about improvements for the benefit of all those concerned.

Practical tips for travel managers in their daily work

An important part of our work is to provide members with active support in their daily work – from strategic procurement of travel services to sales control and process management. We not only focus on the quality and safety of travel services, good service and flexibility in travel processing but also on achieving quantifiable, economic benefits. We help our members to identify where improvements can be made. And our mission is quite clear: we want to improve the professionalism of mobility management and promote innovative methods of handling it. This also involves cost-efficiency and process optimisation, a continuous dialogue with industry colleagues and education and training opportunities. Our association’s own VDR Service GmbH coordinates all these services and is the point of contact for our members.

See also:  About VDR | Benefits of Membership | Presidential Committee | Events | Sponsoring

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My boss ask me to bring some surgical devices or tools in my suitcase with some brochures to Germany by air for a business trip. Just show them at our stand in a trade fair. Not for sale.

Could we go through the Nothing to Declare Chennel? I heard from somebody that the Customs agent may ask me to open my case & check them? Will I be in trouble if so?

9 replies to this topic

It sounds as the goods could be fairly valuable.

In which case you should declare them an pay a deposit.

I did not find an official website from Germany. But what I found points all in the same direction, that you should declare the goods an pay a tax deposit, which you will receive back when you take the goods outside the country, again. That likely needs some preparation, if you do not want to lose too much time at the airport.

Below link is from Ireland and not from Germany. As both are EU members, this could indicate that Germany has similar rules.

=> https://www.revenue.ie/en/customs/businesses/temp-admission-exports/types-goods/display-use-exhibitions/index.aspx

Below link is from Germany, but not from an official website:

https://www.zoll.de/EN/Businesses/Movement-of-goods/Import/Procedures/Temporary-admission/temporary-admission_node.html

Last but not least, have a look at below link from an US .gov website:

https://www.privacyshield.gov/article?id=Germany-Temporary-Entry

I am surprised your company don’t help you on this. Is this the first trade fair they have attended

When in doubt go through the red channels.

Agree that your company should have a person familar with export/travel documentation,. they should be handling this for you.

"Below link is from Germany, but not from an official website: "

zoll.de is most definitely an official web site - it's the web site of the German customs authority.

Albert C: Just noting that you asked a similar question about bringing items into Brazil a few months ago on the Business Travel forum. If this is part of a new job duty, it's good advice to do some research on this internally and externally. As I noted on your other thread, the conference organizer can sometimes help, even though they are not an official government authority.

https://www.tripadvisor.com/ShowTopic-g1-i12407-k14346783-Take_some_advisting_stuff_to_Brazil-Business_Travel.html

I personally have done similar and we always used a broker to insure there is not going to be any problems.

I have see items held until crazy deposits have been paid. For me it was not worth the chance.

So if the german customs officer stop a traveller & find he has something need to declare. The goods will be held & pay the fine then get them back? Or the goods forfeited?

Quite frankly given the observation above that this is not a one off I would be asking serious questions of my employer it is frankly unacceptable that you should be needing to ask such questions on a travel forum.

#7 get real what happens will depend on the detail and could even result in you being denied entry , as well as the goods being confiscated.

Get proper advice from people experienced in organising trade fairs NOT a random bunch of strangers who may or may not have any knowledge on the subject.

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Wonach suchen Sie?

Willkommen auf den seiten des auswärtigen amts, business trip to germany.

High angle view of diverse male and female colleagues in discussion using laptop in office lounge. Casual office, teamwork, business and work, unaltered., © picture alliance / Zoonar

Do you plan to go to Germany on business or to attend a conference?

Visa Needed?

Entry clearance requirements depend on the citizenship of the applicant. Citizens of many countries do not need a visa to visit Germany for stays of up to 90 days within a period of 180 days. Please check our country list if you are unsure whether you need a visa.

Table of countries whose citizens require or do not require a visa to enter Germany

If you need a visa, please note that a valid Japanese Residence Card which lasts for at least three months after the intended date of departure from Germany (or any other member countries of the Schengen area) is mandatory.

Where and how to apply?

The visa must be applied for in the country where you reside legally. You need to have a legal residence in Japan. We do not accept applications if you are only in Japan for a short term.

If you plan to visit only one of the Schengen countries, you must apply at the Embassy/Consulate of the country that you intend on visiting.

If you plan to visit more than one of the Schengen countries, you must apply at the Embassy/Consulate of the country that is your main destination (based on the number of days of your stay).

If you do not have a main destination, you must apply at the Embassy/Consulate of the country you will travel to/enter first.

Depending on your residence in Japan, you have to apply at either the Embassy or the Consulate General .

Application by appointment only ( no walk-in, no submitting by post)

To apply for the visa, you are required to appear in person at the Embassy/Consulate General on the day of the booked appointment. Please note that each applicant/each member of a family must book an appointment via our appointment system . Please book an appointment well in advance.

You can apply for the Schengen visa up to six months prior to your scheduled departure.

What documents do I need to fill out and submit?

Please note that we do not advise on or pre-evaluate documents - the evaluation of the application starts on the day of the booked appointment.

Please prepare all documents and copies where applicable in the following order:

Please note that we reserve the right to request additional documents. The submission of documents does not guarantee the issuance of a visa.

How long does it take for the application to be processed?

The process may take up to 15 days, sometimes even longer – depending on the accuracy and the completeness of the submitted documents. We do not offer express or fast line processing.

It takes about TWO to THREE WEEKS to process visa applications of citizens of the following countries: Afghanistan*, Bahrain*, Bangladesh*, Belarus, Colombia*, Egypt*, Indonesia*, Iran*, Iraq*, Jordan*, Kazakhstan*, Kuwait*, Lebanon*, Libya*, Morocco, Nigeria*, North Korea*, Oman*, Pakistan*, Qatar*, the Philippines*, Saudi-Arabia*, Somalia*, Sudan*, Surinam*, Syria*, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates*, Uzbekistan*, Vietnam*, Yemen*, as well as Palestinians*, stateless persons* and refugees holding travel documents issued by one of the listed countries with *. After the decision you will receive your passport back immediately.

Although we will provide you with a file number, please understand that we cannot respond to questions regarding the status of your visa application. If we have any questions or require additonal documentation to process your application, we will contact you by e-mail.

Complaints about the Schengen visa application process

Schengen visa applicants may submit complaints about the conduct of the consulate staff, or the visa application process via the contact form . In the contact form, please select the option „Beschwerde zum Schengen-Visum-Verfahren“. Please note that complaints may only be submitted in German or English. We are unable to follow up on complaints in languages other than German or English. Please enter one of the following two options in the „Subject“ field of the contact form:

• Complaint about the conduct of consulate staff
• Complaint about the visa application process

We will follow up on your complaint once it has been received.

Important information: No legal remedies against decisions to refuse, annul or revoke a visa – in particular no remonstrations – may be submitted via the complaints contact form.

Please Note: Although the information on this website has been prepared with utmost care, we cannot accept any responsibility for inaccuracies contained herein.

Appointment required

With the new service, you are now requested to book a time slot to meet the visa officers at the Embassy and the Consualte General Osaka-Kobe.

Application forms

Please use the VIDEX application forms for your visa application. Only in case of technical difficulties the pdf „Schengen visa application form“ may be used. When filling out the application forms,…

The Visa Information System – VIS

The Visa Information System (VIS) is an IT system that allows Schengen States to exchange visa data. The main purpose of the VIS is to simplify the visa issuance process, facilitate checks at external borders and to enhance security for everyone involved, including applicants.

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Germany’s Leader Walks a Fine Line in China

Chancellor Olaf Scholz tried to promote German business interests while delivering warnings from Europe about trade and geopolitical tensions.

By Alexandra Stevenson and Melissa Eddy

Chancellor Olaf Scholz of Germany tried to strike a delicate balance on a trip to China this week, promoting business ties with his country’s biggest trading partner while raising concerns over its surge of exports to Europe and its support for Russia.

Mr. Scholz met with China’s top leader, Xi Jinping, at the Diaoyutai State Guesthouse in Beijing on Tuesday, the culmination of a three-day visit with a delegation of German officials and business leaders. He also met with Premier Li Qiang as the two countries navigate relations strained by Russia’s war in Ukraine and China’s rivalry with the United States, Germany’s most important ally.

Throughout his trip, Mr. Scholz promoted the interests of German companies that are finding it increasingly hard to compete in China. And he conveyed growing concern in the European Union that the region’s market is becoming a dumping ground for Chinese goods produced at a loss .

But Mr. Scholz chose a conciliatory tone over a combative one in his opening remarks before sitting down with Mr. Xi on Tuesday morning, in a meeting that stretched over three hours and turned into a walk and lunch.

It was the German leader’s first visit to China since his government adopted a strategy last year that defined the Asian power as a “partner, competitor and systemic rival ,” calling on Germany to reduce its dependency on Chinese goods.

Germany’s economy shrank last year, and its weaknesses have exposed a reliance on China for growth. Energy prices have risen because of the war in Ukraine, which has been facilitated by Beijing’s support for the Kremlin. German companies have pushed for more access to China and complained that they face unfair competition .

The chancellor visited German companies with extensive investments in China and met with trade representatives and officials in the sprawling industrial metropolis of Chongqing in China’s southwest and in Shanghai and Beijing.

At a talk with a group of students in Shanghai on Monday, Mr. Scholz fielded a question from a student who planned to study in Germany this year, who said he was “really worried” because the country had partially legalized cannabis. “When you study in Berlin, you can run around the whole time and never meet anyone who does that,” the chancellor assured him.

But he also used the platform to push more serious messages about trade. “Competition must be fair,” Mr. Scholz told the students. “We want a level playing field,” he said.

Mr. Scholz’s trip was an example of the difficult dance that Germany is trying to do: maintaining economic ties with China while managing U.S. pressure to align itself more closely with Washington against Beijing.

In his meetings, Mr. Scholz highlighted Germany’s commitment to doing business with China, but he also warned that Beijing had to curb the flood of Chinese goods into Europe. At the same time, he expressed reservations about the European Union’s investigations into China’s use of subsidies for green technology industries, saying that any discussion about trade must be based on fairness.

“This must be done from a position of self-confident competitiveness and not from protectionist motives,” Mr. Scholz told reporters on Monday.

China’s manufacturing push in green sectors like electric cars and solar panels has touched off trade disputes with Europe and the United States, where such industries have also received government support. But with 5,000 German companies active in the Chinese market, Germany stands to lose more than many of its European partners would if Beijing were to retaliate against the European Union.

“If the E.U. goes too hard against China, we could expect countermeasures and this would be a catastrophe for us,” said Maximilian Butek, the executive director of the German Chamber of Commerce in China.

“For us it’s extremely important that the Chinese market remains open,” he said.

In his meeting with Mr. Xi, Mr. Scholz indicated that Russia’s war on Ukraine and its arms buildup were high on his agenda. “They directly affect our core interests. Indirectly, they damage the entire international order,” he said in opening remarks at the meeting, a transcript of which was provided by Mr. Scholz’s office.

Despite pressing the issue with Mr. Xi, he did not appear to win the commitment that he had sought from the Chinese leader to take part in an international conference for Ukraine planned in June. Germany had hoped that China could use its influence over Russia to help work toward a peace agreement.

Germany would also like China stop selling goods to Russia that have potential uses on the battlefield, and Mr. Scholz told reporters that he had brought up the issue in his meeting. “The point has been made,” he said. “There can be no misunderstanding about how we see things.”

China is hoping to drive a wedge between Europe and the United States by courting leaders such as Mr. Scholz. State media reports depicted his visit as demonstrating the strength of China’s relations with Europe, playing up its economic ties with Germany.

In his opening remarks to Mr. Scholz, Mr. Xi said cooperation between China and Germany, which have the second- and third-largest economies, was beneficial to the world, a remark that could be read as directed at those who have urged Berlin to distance itself from Beijing.

“The two countries should view and develop bilateral relations from a long-term and strategic perspective and work together to inject more stability and certainty into the world,” Mr. Xi told Mr. Scholz, emphasizing the importance of seeking “common ground.”

Beijing is sure to welcome the message that German businesses are committed to China. The Asian giant is trying to court foreign investment to reinvigorate its economy, which has faltered because of a housing slowdown. Some Western businesses and investors have also been rattled by Mr. Xi’s emphasis on national security, which they regard as making it riskier to operate in the country.

From China’s perspective, Germany may be its best hope of delaying or watering down any trade restrictions from Europe, said Noah Barkin, a senior adviser in the China practice at the Rhodium Group, a research firm.

German carmakers have invested billions of dollars in China, and much of their revenue comes from there. Many worry that if the European Commission imposes higher tariffs on Chinese exports, and Beijing retaliates, German businesses will suffer most.

Chinese officials “know that German companies are heavily invested and they use that politically to influence political decision making in Berlin,” Mr. Barkin said.

Germany’s biggest companies, including BMW, Mercedes-Benz and BASF, have large operations in China and strong, effective lobbies in Berlin, Mr. Barkin added. Executives from those companies, along with several others, traveled with Mr. Scholz to China.

“The supply chain in China is stuffed with German goods,” said Joerg Wuttke, a former president of the E.U. Chamber of Commerce in China. “If China has a price war with Germany, then no one will make money anymore.”

Mr. Scholz also brought along the German ministers for agriculture, the environment and transportation, officials who experts said would be particularly interested in working with China.

“You set an agenda with these three ministers, the tonality is overall a cooperative one, these are areas that we want to work on,” said Janka Oertel, director of the Asia Program at the European Council on Foreign Relations.

Chinese officials, for their part, have brushed off the European accusations of unfair trading practices, calling them groundless and an act of “ typical protectionism .” They have hinted that they could retaliate for any actions taken by the European Union, saying that China was “strongly dissatisfied with and firmly opposes” its investigations.

In an interview with the German newspaper Handelsblatt, Wu Ken, China’s ambassador to Germany, said the competitive edge of Chinese electric vehicles “relies on innovation, not subsidies.”

“The challenge faced by developed countries lies more in the fact that Chinese companies are more efficient,” the ambassador said.

Vivian Wang contributed reporting from Beijing and Zixu Wang from Hong Kong.

Alexandra Stevenson is the Shanghai bureau chief for The Times, reporting on China’s economy and society. More about Alexandra Stevenson

Melissa Eddy is based in Berlin and reports on Germany’s politics, businesses and its economy. More about Melissa Eddy

Scholz Warns Iran as Attacks on Israel Overshadow China Trip

German Chancellor Olaf Scholz visits a Bosch factory for hydrogen drives in Chongqing, China April 14, 2024. REUTERS/Andreas Rinke

By Andreas Rinke and Sarah Marsh

CHONGQING/BERLIN (Reuters) -Chancellor Olaf Scholz warned Iran against further attacks on Israel on Sunday as the escalating conflict in the Middle East overshadowed the start of his three-day tour of China.

Scholz is visiting the southwestern town of Chongqing as well as Shanghai and Beijing as part of a visit to shore up ties with Germany's top trade partner while addressing growing rifts over issues including Chinese trade practices and its support for Russia.

But Iran's attack on Israel looks set to redefine the agenda and tone of the visit. Scholz will for example participate from his hotel in a video meeting of G7 leaders on Sunday to discuss Iran's attack on Israel, a German delegation source to Reuters.

German officials had also expressed hope before the trip that Beijing could play a positive role in cooling the growing tensions in the Middle East, despite their critical assessment of its support for Russia in its invasion of Ukraine.

China played a mediating role between Iran and Saudi Arabia last year, and Reuters reported China had asked Iran to help rein in attacks on ships in the Red Sea by the Iran-backed Houthis, or risk harming business relations with Beijing.

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Scholz, who is traveling with several German CEOs, is set on Tuesday to meet Chinese President Xi Jinping and Premier Li Qiang.

"We will do everything to stop a further escalation," Scholz told reporters. "We can only warn everyone, especially Iran, against continuing this way."

Upon arrival, Scholz had condemned the Iranian strikes on Israel "in the strongest possible terms," his spokesperson said. Scholz was kept informed of developments in the Middle East on the flight, government sources said.

The chancellor earlier on Sunday visited German auto supplier Bosch's hydrogen fuel cell plant in Chongqing, putting in the spotlight on an area of rising tensions.

The EU is carrying out several probes into whether Chinese green tech exports like battery EVs that it says have benefited from state subsidies and which could harm local producers.

Germany's car industry fears these probes could lead to a trade war that could damage their prospects in the world's biggest car market. Scholz's visit is being watched for signs of how much Germany backs the EU probe and is willing to go against the wishes of a key national industry.

Scholz said on Sunday the plant showed the importance of cooperation to tackle big challenges facing the world like climate change.

Berlin's overall stance on China has become more critical since the war in Ukraine.

Last year, Germany also published its first China strategy, describing "unfair practices" and the risks to supply chains in a potential conflict over Taiwan, and urging "de-risking". However, efforts to diversify away from China are so far patchy.

During his visit, Scholz is also expected to address China's support for Russia. German officials on Friday bluntly said Beijing's support and exports to Russia were enabling Moscow to wage a war of aggression in Ukraine and causing a "growing loss of reputation for China" in Europe and beyond.

"It is about China not supporting Russia in waging a brutal war against its neighbor Ukraine," Scholz wrote in a post on social media platform X on Saturday.

(Reporting by Andreas Rinke in Chongqing and Sarah Marsh in Berlin; Editing by Antoni Slodkowski and Miral Fahmy, William Maclean)

Copyright 2024 Thomson Reuters .

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Germany’s Scholz arrives in China on a visit marked by trade tensions and Ukraine conflict

FILE - German Chancellor Olaf Scholz gestures as he arrives at the Party of European Socialists (PES) Leaders Conference, at the Palace of the Parliament, the second largest administrative building in the world after the Pentagon, in Bucharest, Romania, on April 6, 2024. Scholz arrived in China on Sunday, April 14, 2024 on a visit focused on the increasingly tense economic relationship between the sides and differences over Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. (AP Photo/Andreea Alexandru, File)

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BEIJING (AP) — German Chancellor Olaf Scholz arrived in China on Sunday on a visit focused on the increasingly tense economic relationship between the sides and differences over Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.

Scholz’s first destination was the industrial hub of Chongqing, where he and his delegation of ministers and business leaders were to visit a partially German-funded company and other sites in the vast city, which is a production base for China’s auto and other industries.

Scholz is also scheduled to visit the financial hub of Shanghai during his three-day visit, before traveling to the capital, Beijing, to meet with Chinese leader Xi Jinping and Premier Li Qiang.

German companies such as BMW and Volkswagen are highly reliant on the Chinese market, but Beijing’s support for Russia creates frictions with the West.

Germany’s economy has benefited from China’s demand for investment and manufactured items from cars to chemicals, but those ties have frayed amid increasing competition from Chinese companies and tightened regulations. Political interference has also been blamed for a sharp drop in foreign investment.

German companies have argued they face unfair market barriers in China and the government has pushed for a policy of “de-risking” to reduce reliance on the Chinese market and suppliers.

Despite that, China remained Germany’s top trading partner for the eighth straight year in 2023, with 254.1 billion euros ($271 billion) in goods and services exchanged between the sides, slightly more than what Germany traded with the U.S. but a 15.5% contraction from the year before. German exports to China totaled 97.3 billion euros ($104 billion), according to Germany’s Federal Statistical Office, although figures have varied depending on exchange rate fluctuations and rounding of numbers.

Chinese state broadcaster CCTV showed Scholz descending from his plane in Chonqing and leaving in a motorcade, but did not carry any comments made to the welcoming delegation.

Prior to his arrival, Scholz posted on social platform X that he had discussed the “massive” Russian air attacks on civilian energy infrastructure with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy on Saturday, and declared that Berlin will “stand unbreakably by Ukraine’s side.”

China has refused to criticize Russian aggression. It has maintained trade relations with President Vladimir Putin’s government and aligned its foreign policy with Moscow in opposition to the U.S.-led liberal political order, while touting its authoritarian one-party system as a superior alternative.

After visiting a hydrogen motor production facility run by German firm Bosch, Scholz toured the city with young architects and was to go on a boat cruise on the famed Yangtze River, one of two mighty waterways that partly surround the city perched on overlooking cliffs.

Following a visit Monday to Shanghai, Scholz will fly to Beijing and meet with Xi Tuesday at the Diaoyutai State Guesthouse before being received with military honors by Li at the Great Hall of the People, the seat of the ceremonial legislature in the heart of the Chinese capital. Further visits and meetings will follow before he departs late Wednesday night.

This is Scholz’s second trip to China since he became chancellor in late 2021. His previous visit was in November 2022 and essentially was a one-day trip because of the strict COVID restrictions still in place at the time.

It is his first visit since the German government last year presented its China strategy, which met with criticism from Beijing . Premier Li and a delegation of senior officials visited Berlin in June.

Associated Press reporter Geir Moulson contributed to this report from Berlin.

Germany’s economy is still doing bad – and now China is in it

G erman Chancellor Olaf Scholz touched down in Chongqing, China, on a crisp Sunday morning. The scene was set by the Chinese state broadcaster CCTV as Scholz, accompanied by a delegation of ministers and business executives, began his strategic trip aimed at strengthening economic bonds with Berlin’s largest trading partner.

As tensions simmer between Western nations and Beijing, Scholz told us that Germany is not backing down from its economic engagements with China , the globe’s number two economy. This resolve comes amidst loud calls for “decoupling” led by the US, which Scholz outright rejects. The Chancellor’s willingness to extend an olive branch to China could, however, stir discontent among allies like the US and the EU, who are increasingly wary of China’s substantial subsidies to its industries.

“China remains a really important economic partner,” Scholz confidently told journalists just before his departure, emphasizing his commitment to level the playing field for German companies operating in China.

Beyond trade and economics, Scholz’s visit carries weighty geopolitical implications. His agenda includes talks aimed at persuading Chinese President Xi Jinping to leverage his relationship with Russia, urging a de-escalation of the ongoing conflict in Ukraine.

“Given the close relations between China and Russia, Beijing has the possibility to exert its influence on Russia,” a source from the German government noted.

This tour, spanning Chongqing, Shanghai, and Beijing, is Scholz’s second visit to China since assuming office. His inaugural visit in November 2022 faced intense scrutiny shortly after Xi Jinping had solidified his political power, heralding the first post-pandemic visit by a G7 leader to China.

Back then, the Western world, reeling from supply chain disruptions amid the health crisis and China’s staunch support of Russia post-Ukraine invasion, was prompted to reconsider its dependency on Chinese markets and production capabilities.

Meanwhile, back home, the German economy showed early signs of resilience this year, as evidenced by the recent data releases. February witnessed a 2.1-percent increase in overall output, exceeding expectations and building on January’s 1.3-percent rise.

This growth was aided by dry weather boosting the construction sector by 7.9 percent, and reduced energy costs spurring the car manufacturing and chemicals sectors to grow by 5.7 percent and 4.6 percent, respectively.

However, despite these gains, things remain bleak. Germany’s total production was still down by 4.9 percent compared to the previous year and nearly 8 percent from its pre-pandemic levels. With exports to China declining, last year saw the German economy contract by 0.3 percent, making it the poorest performer among major developed nations.

An analysis by the Netherlands financial services group ING remarked, “as much as today’s industrial data is a balm for the German economic soul, this is not yet the start of a remarkable recovery.”

They noted that anticipated cuts to interest rates by the European Central Bank, alongside lower gas and electricity prices and the resilience of the US economy, might offer some relief to German industries in the upcoming months.

Yet, global issues and structural challenges like the green transition are expected to persist. A report from Euronews, referencing analysis by Germany’s top research institutes, described the economy as “ailing” with a continued pessimistic outlook, indicating overlapping economic and structural factors stifling overall growth.

Siemens CFO Ralf Thomas summed up the long-term challenge facing German manufacturers in reducing their dependence on China. “Global value chains have been building up over the last 50 years. How naive do you need to be to believe that this can be changed within six or 12 months?” he remarked in an interview with the Financial Times, emphasizing that realigning these chains is a decades-long endeavor.

With China as Germany’s top trading partner, involving major companies like Volkswagen and BASF as well as smaller entities, the economic ties run deep. “We cannot afford not to be [in China],” Thomas declared, acknowledging the challenge posed by rising local competitors and adding, “if you can stand the heat of the Chinese kitchen, you are successful in other places as well.”