drug tourism examples

Czech Republic

The netherlands, 7 famous drug tourism destinations in the world.

Tourism is one of the largest industries in the world. While there are many types and subtypes of tourism such as eco-tourism, experience tourism, wellness tourism, there are also some which are less talked about (but definitely more thriving): sex tourism , dark tourism (literally), slum tourism and drug tourism.

Now, for those of you who don’t know what Drug Tourism is, it can be seen as travel undertaken for the purpose of using or obtaining drugs which are not available, are illegal or very expensive in one’s home jurisdiction. Drug tourism (also called as Narco-tourism) includes both within countries and cross country (sub-national border i.e. from one province/county/state to another) travel, where one’s travel experience involves the consumption and use of drugs that are illegal or illegitimate either in the visited destination or, in the country of origin.

Due to the heterogeneous nature of drug tourism, through the consumption of drugs, one usually tries to pursue either mere pleasure and escapism or a quest for profound and meaningful experience (or so they think). While the act of travelling or the purpose of buying or using drugs is itself a criminal offence in some jurisdictions, there are many tourist destinations which are thriving due to their lenient drug laws or policies.

Here we have a list of drug tourism destinations that you need to check out if you haven’t already:

Many tourists are unaware that Mexico has decriminalized even the harshest drugs. Small amounts of marijuana, cocaine or meth, heroin, LSD and more are all legal in Mexico for personal use. While the drugs are legal, the caveat is that the amounts deemed “personal usage” is pretty conservative, and being caught with more can result in heavy jail time. Be careful of the corrupt officers who try to exploit the tourists for a bribe and also be aware of how some regions purportedly enforce these more than others.

Southeast Asia has a ‘strong drug culture’ especially in the golden triangle, Laos, Myanmar and Thailand. Due to the remoteness of the areas, lack of communications, and the scarcity of resources it’s quite tough to control or monitor narcotics trafficking in these countries. Arguably the largest concentration of drugs in Southeast Asia can be found in Vang Vieng, Laos, which is well-known for its lazy river and is widely famous among drug tourists. Despite being illegal, cannabis culture is followed quite openly here. One can find some restaurants with a “happy” menu which has various infused foods, sometimes along with “magic” goods containing psychedelic mushrooms.

Colorado, US

The state of Colorado in the US has legalized marijuana for recreational purposes since 2012. While this has eased the process to access pot, it also flung the door wide open for drug tourists from the US and abroad. It’s still illegal to smoke pot in public and in most hotels, but visitors can buy up to a quarter of an ounce of marijuana for their personal use from the Pot shops all over the bigger cities. Just remember that you aren’t allowed to fly or drive out of the state with drugs.

Also Read: The 6 Top 2020 Travel Trends To Keep An Eye Out For

Peru is known for its production of Ayahuasca, a psychedelic brew made from a specific blend of plants, vines, and shrubs, which is used for ceremonial and healing purposes by the indigenous cultures of the Amazonian region. This hallucinogen drug is used in shamanic rituals of the Amazon region and which is completely legal throughout the country. But be warned, Ayahuasca is not to be taken lightly. Besides hallucinations, the drug’s other side effects include vomiting and diarrhoea. Plus, it can be poisonous in even small amounts.

One destination in Europe that is known far and wide, for its liberal attitude towards toward cannabis use and possession is Amsterdam. The capital city of the Netherlands is a common drug tourism destination for travellers from all over the world because the legislation controlling the sale, possession, and use of drugs varies dramatically from one jurisdiction to another. This is the reason drug tourism thrives in the Netherlands. The city is filled with coffee shops where the customers can order pot or hash right off the menu.

PS: In the Netherlands soft drugs include cannabis which is legal, but cocaine and amphetamines fall under illegal “hard drugs”, so don’t go crazy thinking it’s AMSTERDAM.

While marijuana is legalised in Uruguay (and sold in pharmacies as well), only residents of Uruguay have the right to purchase, possess or consume marijuana. Along with that, marijuana is closely regulated as well; the government-approved weed plants, from which they will sell, are tracked via genetic markers. That being said, marijuana is sold in ‘pharmacies’ at ridiculously low prices of about $1 per gram, in an attempt to guide people towards the legal market and away from the illegal sources.

In the Czech Republic, while drugs are technically legal, drug use is not an offence. Possession, however, of small quantities for personal use is a misdemeanour offence where under the Act of Violations, one is punishable by a fine of up to CZK 15 000 (EUR 550). Due to its liberal laws and policies, Prague has earned a reputation for being pot-friendly. Most pubs or non-tourist bars in and around the city centre will even allow one to smoke on the inside. It is estimated that nearly half-million marijuana users are largely ignored by the authorities and tolerated by almost everyone.

Obviously, neither TE nor I am encouraging you to take drugs or commit any illegal acts but if you have visited any of these Drug Tourism destinations before, let us know about your experiences below!

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Embark on a Journey: Famous Drug Tourism Destinations

Explore the allure of renowned drug tourism destinations worldwide. From cultural experiences to historical insights, dive into the stories that make these places unique. Uncover the intersection of travel, curiosity, and the fascinating world of substance exploration.

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7 Destinations Where Drug Tourism Is Thriving

See recent posts by Megan Wood

A destination's reputation for drugs can deter tourists who worry about safety and violence. But drug access (whether illegal, legal, or somewhere in between), and the party culture that comes with it, can also work as a hook to draw both the curious and the initiated. Of course, it's important to be aware of all drug laws while traveling and know that penalties can be severe. We took a look at how drug tourism is thriving and impacting these seven popular tourist destinations. 

1. Ayahuasca in Peru

Machu Picchu /Oyster

A growing number of Westerners are heading to the jungles of Peru (and Ecuador, Brazil, and Colombia) to experience an Amazonian ayahuasca ceremony, usually led by a shaman. Ayahuasca is a hallucinogen made from a specific blend of Amazonian plants that are mixed into a drinkable elixir. The drink has been used in medicinal and spiritual rituals for centuries by indigenous cultures who believe in ayahuasca’s psychological healing properties. But in the last decade, Western travelers have been especially keen to imbibe and possibly cure their past traumas, addiction, or emotional baggage on a psychedelic plane. The Guardian estimates that there are around 100 ayahuasca centers in Iquitos alone that cater to foreign travelers (and the vomit that usually comes with consuming the drug). Packages range from an overnight visit to a month-long spiritual retreat. Though many studies have shown ayahuasca to be safe, and even beneficial, there have been reports of fake shamans, sexual assaults, and death affiliated with the drug. Ayahuasca is legal in Peru and illegal in the United States. 

2. Hashish in Morocco

Nathan Guy/Flickr

Smoking hashish (or kif, in local parlance) is a common pastime among Moroccan males and tourists of both sexes. Many backpackers look to Morocco’s easy availability of the drug as a main reason to visit stoner-friendly towns like Chefchaouen . According to Vice , Morocco produces half of the world’s hashish and the illegal industry employs around 800,000 people. Hordes of young men work as unofficial hash guides, taking interested tourists to hash farms and teaching them about production before getting them ripped. Hash looks like sticky brown clay and is usually broken up and mixed with tobacco for smoking in a paper like a cigarette, or in a hookah pipe. But just because it’s widespread, doesn’t mean it’s legal. Smoking illegal drugs (or carrying them) can incur a 10-year prison sentence. 

3. Cocaine in Colombia

Pedro Szekely/Flickr

In the early 1990s, Medellin was the murder capital of the world. The city recorded 381 murders per 100,000 residents in 1991, and the presence of paramilitary groups and the Medellin cartel made the entire place look and feel like a war zone — a drug war zone led by the notorious Pablo Escobar. In 2015, Medellin saw only 20 murders per 100,000 residents, continuing the steady trend of declining violence and the promotion of a flourishing and stable economy. And though locals seem more than ready to forget about the city’s recent, brutal past, many tourists choose to visit Medellin for a safe taste of notoriety — and cocaine. El Poblado, one of the city’s wealthiest and safest neighborhoods, is incredibly popular for Poblado Escobar Tours and procuring baggies of cocaine from men who also sell candy and gum on picturesque street corners. The arrest of tourists for cocaine possession is exceedingly rare, but the city’s citizens (many of whom lost at least one friend or family member in the violent ’90s) are less than enthused by wealthy visitors who treat the once violent city as a safe drug playground. 

4. Marijuana in Colorado

Sheila Sund/Flickr

The state of Colorado legalized marijuana for recreational purposes in 2012. Though easier access to pot has drawn significantly more visitors to the state, there have been problems. It’s still illegal to smoke pot in public and in most hotels, and many visitors don’t realize they’re not allowed to fly or drive out of the state with drugs. One of the biggest problems is over-ingesting edible marijuana. The Chicago Tribune reported that out-of-state visitors to Colorado emergency rooms for marijuana-related symptoms accounted for 163 per 10,000 visits in 2014. Visitors consume edible marijuana in the form of pastries and candies, and essentially dose themselves with too much THC, causing heart palpitations and anxiety attacks. 

5. Marijuana in the Netherlands

BriYYZ/Flickr

Recreational drugs are illegal in the Netherlands , but the Dutch parliament decriminalized possession of less than five grams of cannabis in the 1970s, allowing for an upsurge in “coffee shops” that sell pot, and (mostly) allow customers to light up. Some estimates say that 90 percent of coffee shop customers are foreigners and there are occasional threats to shut the whole system down. But with millions of coffee shop visitors a year, the financial toll would be high and the Dutch are well-known for allowing individual freedoms. Amsterdam even has a Hash, Marijuana & Hemp Museum that celebrates the history of cannabis.  

6. Coca in Bolivia

Matthew Straubmuller/Flickr

The coca leaf, of which cocaine derives, is considered a sacred commodity in Bolivia, where Andean people have chewed the leaf for thousands of years to relieve altitude sickness and get an energy boost that’s equivalent to a cup of coffee. President Evo Morales legalized coca cultivation after he was elected in 2006, arguing that indigenous peoples should not be robbed of their ancient crop and traditions. Coca is generally harmless, but cocaine is not. And Morales’ liberal coca leaf policy has bolstered illegal cocaine use in Bolivia, particularly among foreigners who appreciate the high quality of the drug for an insanely low cost. Route 36 is a notorious underground and ever-moving cocaine and cocktail bar that doesn’t allow Bolivians inside in an effort to keep out undercover cops and journalists.

7. Mushrooms, Ecstasy, and Opium in Laos

Jean-Pierre Dalbéra/Flickr

The drug culture is strong and can be all-consuming among expats and long-term backpackers throughout Southeast Asia.  Full moon parties in Thailand , Vietnam, and Indonesia are usually fueled by ecstasy, Molly, and mushrooms that keep partiers dancing and tripping until the sun rises. But the largest concentration of drugs in Southeast Asia can arguably be found in Vang Vieng, Laos, which is well-known for its lazy river, where (usually young and covered in body paint) visitors are given free shots of booze and sold a variety of drugs. The floating party is experienced by inner-tubes, tree swings, and slides into the water. Bars line the shores, and it’s easy and cheap to buy the drug of choice. Death by drowning, overdose, and broken necks are yearly occurrences, but the known danger doesn’t seem to stop the hordes of partygoers looking for a good time. 

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• What Is Drug Tourism?
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Drug tourism is when people travel to a select destination to buy or use drugs for any reason. These journeys can be for recreational or personal use and don’t even have to be a long trip. For example, people traveling from Kansas to Colorado to smoke marijuana would be participating in drug tourism. These drugs are usually illegal or unavailable in the traveler’s country or state, so they visit a well-known place like the Netherlands to obtain and use those substances. People worldwide understand where the popular destinations are, so they flock to those places in droves.

The Drug Tourism Industry Today

Why do people engage in drug tourism, popular drug tourism destinations and what drug tourists seek, dangers of drug use and drug tourism, drug tourism and addiction, contact gateway foundation for addiction recovery services.

Drug tourism dates back centuries ago when spice traders would go to other countries to get the spices unavailable at home. With the advancement of technology and transportation, tourism is more popular than ever, reaching around 1.46 billion travelers in 2019. With the increase in travel comes a rise in event, restaurant and drug sales. These three industries generate a large portion of their revenue from tourism, and they’re only going to increase in the U.S. as the legalization of cannabis continues to spread to more states.

The drug trafficking business alone generates an estimated annual amount  between $426 and $652 billion , mainly because trafficking and tourism are so widespread. A study in the 1990s performed an in-depth analysis of “tourist experiences from a phenomenological perspective.” The study approaches the concept of drug tourism beginning when the tourist is aware of the substance’s existence. Even if they find out about a drug’s availability while at a vacation destination, that would still fall within the category.

This type of tourism involves a person or group who directly experiences the consumption and use of illegal drugs. Often, this can be very dangerous to the traveling parties if they are not familiar with the area or language. Unknown suppliers and isolation from trusted friends or family can cause trouble for the involved individuals, especially when considering the unofficial integration process into the drug scene tourists go through by locals. You may be asking, “But why would anyone participate in this if there’s an inherent risk?”

People participate in drug tourism for many reasons. Some want to unwind and enjoy substances ordinarily unavailable to them. Others want to take advantage of the relaxed environment and experience a different culture. Many people engaging in this tourism believe they are not hurting anyone, but rather helping the local economy.

Instead, the opposite is often true. Countries like Colombia and Mexico experience high levels of poverty as a result of drug cartels. However upsetting these facts are, people continue to search for party scenes worldwide, which leads them to popular drug destinations. On the other hand, not all drug tourism is so problematic — prescription drugs fall under this category, too.

Tourists traveling to get a cheaper prescription for something they need is understandable and even encouraged in some areas. Americans know firsthand how expensive prescription drugs can be, with prices much higher than in other parts of the world. From 2000 to 2017, spending increased by 76%. Americans pay, on average, 256% higher prices than 32 other countries.

So, in essence, people who engage in drug tourism are looking for a cheaper prescription or a memorable experience. Those who sell drugs to tourists are everywhere, and they become entrenched in the local economy. Popular destinations like South America and Southeast Asia are hotspots for this type of tourism, making them more desirable to travelers. In general, tourists are aware of the legal, medical and social risks of using drugs on vacation. In most cases, they take precautions to reduce hazards. They may also believe drug use is less dangerous while traveling than during their typical routines at home.

Drug tourism happens worldwide, but a few concentrated areas attract more tourists than others, perhaps because of cultural appropriation, governmental relaxation or widespread access. South Asia — including Thailand and Laos — the Netherlands and the Americas are all well-known tourist destinations where visitors can drink alcohol and access drugs.

The local economies are aware of the money they make from these tourists, so they may advertise to attract more people. These tourists are looking for an atmosphere where they can indulge in something they’ve never experienced before. In some cases, they’ll continue using the substance at home.

Cocaine in Colombia

Specific countries have had a significant challenge addressing drug problems, and Colombia is a prime example. The Colombian conflict began in 1964 . It perpetuated social unrest among the population and caused them to become distrustful of the government. Eventually, poverty started to increase, and people turned to dealing marijuana in the 1970s .

Marijuana dealing transitioned into cocaine dealing. With the change came violence, which got so intense that Medellin, Colombia, became the unofficial murder capital of the world in the 1990s. Though tensions and violence have since settled down, some tourists still seek drugs in Colombia, which represents a substantial portion of its tourism industry.

Marijuana in the Netherlands

At this point, the Netherlands is almost synonymous with marijuana and drug tourism. The Dutch government is undoubtedly aware of how much their economy depends on cannabis — they’ve decriminalized possession of under five grams and allowed for a significant increase of pot cafes throughout the city.

However, it may soon be against the law for foreigners to consume marijuana in the Netherlands. Amsterdam’s mayor is seeking to make it illegal for shops to sell marijuana to anyone but Dutch nationals and Netherlands residents. Stricter regulations stem from issues drug tourism has caused. For example, increasing short-term accommodations for tourists has led to housing shortages for locals. In addition, marijuana resale in the country depends on illegal enterprises, which the government hopes to combat.

Marijuana in Washington and Colorado

Washington and Colorado became the first two states in the United States to approve recreational marijuana use in 2012 . Decriminalization led to an influx of tourists and visitors seeking ready access to the drug. However, there are still strict laws in place, including a ban on smoking marijuana in public or in most hotels.

The most significant problem tourists run into is indulging in too many marijuana edibles, which lead to health problems. Out-of-state emergency room visits  for marijuana-related sickness or symptoms have increased. Tourists who are unfamiliar with dosages essentially eat too much at one time, resulting in anxiety attacks or heart palpitations.

Ayahuasca in Peru

Like Colombia, Peru experienced a cocaine epidemic leading  to widespread poverty , and the riches amassed from cocaine dealings do not reach the everyday growers. The coca plant  has a long history in the country that dates back to the Coastal Peruvian natives chewing the leaves around 1800 BCE, eventually leading to infighting between the government and guerrilla groups such as the Sendero Luminoso. Ultimately, the conflicts ended, paving the way for ayahuasca, a psychedelic drink, to gain popularity with tourists.

In today’s world, plenty of tourists visit Peru each year hoping to gain a spiritual awakening from drinking ayahuasca. While the drink has played a role in sacred rituals for hundreds of years, recent reports of fake shamans and injuries attributed to the drug should discourage tourists from trying it.

Hashish in Morocco

Hashish is a drug made from a compressed and processed form of cannabis. Morocco is a major exporter of hashish , accounting for over half the world’s supply. Hashish is sometimes twice or even three times more potent than marijuana and therefore can lead to more negative effects for users like hallucinations and paranoia. Despite this, hashish remains a common pastime in the country, and some residents promote its use by becoming hash guides.

Mushrooms, Ecstasy and Opium in Laos

The drug culture is influential and wide-reaching in Southeast Asia, featuring “full-moon parties” involving ecstasy and mushrooms. Vang Vieng, Laos, features the bulk of drugs in the area and even has a lazy river area where visitors can buy different drugs and sample free alcohol.

Bars are plentiful, making it easy for tourists to buy various drugs. As a result, overdosing, drowning and other related deaths have become typical occurrences in the area. These destinations continue to be hotspots for tourists, but many of them never realize the kind of danger they face in these situations.

The way drug use affects your body depends on factors like the amount consumed and existing health. The risk of drug use includes injury and death. Dangerous drugs like benzodiazepines in Xanax and Valium , anticoagulants in Warfarin and Xarelto and acetaminophen in Tylenol produce negative long-term health effects. Other harmful drugs like alcohol and heroin can create a numbing effect that becomes addictive. These types set up the user for a potential overdose .

Along with different drug categories and dosages, plenty of other factors make substances dangerous. Drug combinations and the method of use can have severe impacts. Snorting and injecting are especially hazardous, since  they enter the bloodstream quickly and increase the risk of contracting infectious diseases.

The longer someone uses a drug, the more likely they’ll develop adverse long-term health problems as a result. Those longer-term effects like lung disease and cancer can occur over a longer period, whereas developing a bloodborne virus from injecting can occur much more quickly.

Along with the physical effects, mental health problems are a well-known effect of long-term use. Dependence and withdrawal are typical for regular drug abusers, which can be extremely challenging to overcome. These dangers multiply when people go on vacation to an unfamiliar place and try to buy drugs from an unknown source.

Effects on Tourist Destinations

Many drug-tolerant countries have identified various issues stemming from their laissez-faire attitude. The phenomenon can even spill over into neighboring countries. Those host countries suffer the most from their drug policies, since they can ruin a destination’s reputation. If people see a place as relaxed on drug enforcement, they’re more likely to associate that country with crime and poverty, which is detrimental to the economy.

A negative reputation can be a dire consequence for countries and economically set them back years. When these destination countries become so dependent on tourism, any blow to their standing could hurt their national economy. Many places have taken steps to attract foreigners by promoting legal drug use. The media image and the public image go hand in hand when it comes to tourism. Understanding their reputation in the eyes of potential travelers is pivotal to a country’s tourism success. It can motivate some countries to use dishonest marketing tactics to trick potential travelers who are considering visiting.

Effects on Tourists

Drug tourists often bring illicit substances back to their home country and either sell them or continue abusing them, which presents a risk of getting arrested. Air travel and border checks make for a high likelihood of detection, but the danger continues after transporting drugs.

While drug tourism maintains an allure, the list of dangers — from transporting to arrest to the drug’s effects — all add up to a threatening and unsafe experience. For every positive experience or anecdote, there are even more stories of overdoses, arrests and bad trips. The dangers and negatives outweigh any potential positives of this experience. Some of those risks include:

• Being detained or incarcerated in a foreign country where you may not know the native language or traditions.
• Contributing to the negative aspects of drug tourism, like poverty, localized violence and social destabilization.
• Being impaired in an unknown environment where you might need medical assistance, but can’t receive any due to either an isolated location or communication barriers.
• Buying from a foreign drug market in which a dealer could have cut drugs with unknown substances to make them cheaper and more addictive.
• Dealing with local law enforcement and being at their mercy where they could be overly unfair and aggressive.
• A gang or cartel forcing you to become a drug smuggler.

The risks of participating are too high for anybody. All drugs — especially ones from foreign countries — are perilous because of the unknown factors they bring. Unfamiliarity with the area, your dealer, the drug’s potency and any additive substances can make for a very dicey trip. Tourists should enjoy themselves without risking health or legal problems.

According to the  National Institute on Drug Abuse , addiction is a chronic disease. People living with substance use disorders have a compulsive urge to seek drugs despite harmful consequences. It’s a disorder that can affect anyone, regardless of their values or character. While the initial decision to take drugs is voluntary, many people develop a dependence that causes cravings and an inability to feel “normal” when they’re sober.

Each person’s body and brain react differently to drugs, so people take different paths to addiction. How early you indulge in a substance, mental disorders and your family history are some factors that may cause you to develop a substance use disorder. Addiction affects you and those around you. When control is out of your hands, professional services are the answer you need. Recovery is a serious but necessary decision to get your goals and aspirations back on track. Gateway Foundation has the experience and services to help you reclaim your life.

If you or someone you know struggles with substance misuse, the risks of drug tourism are genuine. Gateway Foundation can help give you a new lease on life through different types of therapy, medical care and withdrawal management, among other services. You’ll receive the highest-quality treatment with us. Our caring and experienced staff bring lifesaving addiction treatment that gives you the tools to manage your disease and improve your outlook. We are with you for life, and you can expect a continuum of care throughout your entire recovery process.

It’s time to reclaim your freedom with professional help. Take advantage of our evidence-based treatments and gain control of your life today. Call or contact us today to get the addiction treatment you need.

Reviewed by:

Gateway Foundation

Gateway Foundation is a recognized leader in evidence-based addiction treatment proven to get results. Our experts in Addiction Medicine—including highly educated clinical and medical professionals and expert psychiatrists and nurses—deliver care that never stops. For over 50 years, Gateway Foundation has been helping individuals and their families recover from addictions and behavioral health issues and is the only provider that covers the entire state of Illinois with 16 facilities from the Wisconsin Border to the Kentucky Border. Gateway has specific programs focusing on substance use disorders, trauma, depression, anxiety, and other co-occurring issues. We’re licensed by the state of Illinois and accredited by the Joint Commission. We are in-network with all the major commercial insurance plans. Gateway Foundation: Addiction medicine, saving lives.

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Home » Responsible Travel » Drug Tourism 101: A First-Timer’s Guide to Drugs on the Road (2024)

Drug Tourism 101: A First-Timer’s Guide to Drugs on the Road (2024)

It’s a hot take of a topic: drugs and travel.

If you’re going backpacking, then you’re going to encounter drugs on the road. You don’t have to take them, but they’ll be there!

Asia, the Americas, raves in Europe, and all night shenanigans in Oz; drugs ARE a worldwide phenomenon. And if you’re hitting the road on your travels, it really does make sense to know a bit before you go so that you can make the right, informed, decision for you.

This is your ULTIMATE Drug Tourism Guide – newbie and veteran-friendly alike. And it is ultimate: you’ll be hard-pressed to find a single other article on the internet this comprehensive and, crucially, honest.

We’ll be covering a wide range of topics here – how to find and buy drugs on the road, destinations where you can expect them, and how to take them safely.

Because that’s the real topic here: drug safety. Because you are going to encounter them in your travels, and you can engage with them wisely.

And ultimately, preaching abstinence is not a realistic, or fun, answer.

A Disclaimer on Recreational Drug Use on the Road

The Broke Backpacker is a site by backpackers for backpackers. If this topic rustles your jimmies, it’s not for you. Go read something else, there are 4000 posts on the site.

Backpacking is a tool to live a life of exploration and expanding personal development. By being on the road, we learn about ourselves, our passions, strengths, and weaknesses; making mistakes is part of that journey.

In a rather succinct parallel, drugs can also be used as a tool and a journey. You experiment, you learn about how to wield the tool, and, when done right, you learn powerful lessons about yourself, others, and the world at large. The difference is that making a mistake with drugs on the road can fuck a whole lot more up than just your trip (pun legitimately not intended).

Backpackers have always experimented with drugs; it’s just part of the scene.  Drugs can be fun. Sometimes, they’re goddamn life changing and love expanding! And that’s why it’s easy to lose yourself in them and lose sight of what they DO offer.

This guide serves to educate people – from the perspective of an admitted veteran on the how to do it safely. But when it comes to crunch time, you do you.

You’re responsible for you, your safety on the road , and your choices.

I can stand here and say drugs can be fun and can be useful tools (because that has been my personal experience) however, neither I nor The Broke Backpacker would EVER condone the reckless and irresponsible consumption of them. Above all else, be safe and be smart.

Drugs are a communal thing; when we partake, we’re responsible for the safety of those around us as well as the safety of ourselves. And those two things are also inexorably linked.

DO NOT go past your limits. Be extremely wary even testing your limits with recreational drug usage. It stops being fun for everyone once someone in the group has gone down a bad road.

Take the wisdom in this guide and apply it on all your most hedonistic journeys but remember that your experience with drugs while travelling or whenever else will be your own. Drugs are complicated and everyone’s response to them is unique.

Remember that there is zero shame in taking a smaller dose than someone else. There is also zero shame in just saying no.

And if anyone ever peer pressures you into doing something you’re not comfortable with, kick them in the genitals and tell them The Broke Backpacker says hi. That’s something we do condone!

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Drug Tourism: What’s the Score?

10 common types of recreational drugs you’ll encounter when travelling, drug tourism guide: tips, safety, and buying.

The score is that drugs are everywhere . From the undisputed drug capitals of the world to the underground party scenes of Japan and Tehran, seek and ye shall always find. 

Should you always seek? Probably not! At least, not if you enjoy the feeling of sunlight on your face and keeping all ten of your fingers.

But for those travelling by way of drug tourism, or simply the peeps looking for a bit of spice sprinkled on their nights of bass-induced debauchery, some destinations are simply better (and safer) than others.

Top Drug Tourism Destinations From Around the World

Honestly, this list could be pretty exhaustive, so I’m just gonna stick to the heavy hitters:

• Amsterdam – Duh. Amsterdam is the undisputed drug capital of the world! Maybe it’s a touch overrated, but that’s just the price you pay for being top dog! Soft drugs (weed, hashish, and mushrooms) are legal/tolerated, and anything that‘s not is still extremely available. Honestly, given how accepting the drug culture is in Amsterdam, if you’re looking to experiment with drug tourism and recreational usage, it might be the perfect backpacking destination for a newbie.
• Canada and some US States – For aficionados of the doobie-life, look no further than Canada and some areas in the USA (looking at you, Colorado). The ever-increasing legality of the plant that should never have been illegal to begin with is becoming a very lucrative industry for the powers that tax it. (Who’da thunk?)
• Goa – Yes, the Goa of old may be dead and buried and in its place we have an overtouristed mess of cranky locals and Ruskis fleeing the Motherland, but some things never change… The drugs continue to flow like wine in Goa. Anything you want, you can find in India, and every drug you want, you’ll find in Goa. The best tab of acid I’ve ever eaten was bequeathed to me by a wizened psy-wizard boogieing with a trinket-adorned staff. Twelve hours later, I was still tripping and somehow cooking breakfast for all my mates.
• Peru – Many a prospective explorer of the cosmic realms have travelled to South America (and particularly Peru) seeking the ways of the shamanic psychedelics. Mixing spirituality and drugs can get a bit pseudo-bullshit at times, however, there is great wisdom in hallucinogenics. Most people don’t come back out of the rabbit hole the exact same that they went in.
• Colombia – Cocaine and unreasonably attractive women… Look, it’s not my vibe, but some of the best cocaine in the world is found in Colombia! The coke is cheap, abundant, and incredibly pure.

No two drugs are created equal. In this humble opinion’s author, there are good drugs and there are dirty drugs.

Some people disagree with that, and those people usually quite like their dirty drugs. That’s ok.

Drugs are fun, and as long as you’re doing it respectfully and not hurting anyone else, then it’s your body and your rules.

But as you venture into the world of recreational usage, remember that drugs and travel are very parallel concepts. Wherever you travel, the rules change, the culture changes, and the effects a place has on you changes. The same is true of drugs.

Drugs need to be respected above all else because they can and DO mess people’s lives up. They’re a tool to access amazing experiences, connections, and inward self-learning. But each has its use.

You wouldn’t use a hammer to try and screw in a screw, and you would use a lawnmower to cut your hair.

Know your drugs.

1. Marijuana

Merciful Mary Jane! If there’s one drug you’ll encounter anywhere and everywhere in the world, it’s weed. Bud, pot, herb, cannabis, reefers (if you’re a 50s greaser), ganja is the gift from Shiva that keeps on giving.

Even in places like Japan, Mauritius, South Korea and numerous countries around the Middle East where it’s ultra -illegal, I guarantee you it’s available.

Generally, it comes in plant-form (I’m gonna assume you know what weed looks like) Often, it can also come in the form of hash (a brown chocolatey substance). It can be edibles, it can be smoked, it can be vaped; bongs, spots, dabs, bottle tokes. Stoner Tips 101 really deserves its own post: stoner culture is BIG.

It’s also a blast! You’ll make many friends and travel buddies over a well-rolled doobie. And remember: sharing is caring!

For the uninitiated, it’s a pretty chill experience. It’s one of the safest illegal drugs you can experiment with. People can have bad experiences, but an actual pre-conditioning to marijuana-induced psychosis is incredibly rare.

Generally, the people who do freak out either overdid it (overdosing on weed is akin to a long-ass sleep-in) or just overreacted to normal physiological responses. Even as a tried-and-true stoner, a good strain of marijuana can still give me elevated heart rate and racing thoughts. The best thing to do in that situation is to just take yourself aside and pump some exercise; push-ups, crunches, squats, and some yoga. You’ll feel grade-A.

And make sure you drink some water after you smoke too! Nobody wants the Dry Mouth Horrors.

2. MDMA (and Ecstasy/Party Drugs)

DRINK WATER. That’s a drug tourism tip no matter what substance you’re indulging in, but in the case of party drugs, ALWAYS DRINK WATER (and pass the bottle around to your mates too).

We get high, happy, start dancing like a mothertrucker, and before you know, you’ve sweated yourself to severe dehydration.

Ecstasy, MDMA, and other party drugs all tend to have roughly the same effect: a massive surge of energy, motormouth (both in the chewing/teeth-grinding and in the verbal diarrhoea sense), and an overwhelming desire to dance and hug everything with a pulse within a 70-kilometre radius. Speed is a bit different; it has more of the energetic component without so much of the oxytocin (love drug). But it’s all roughly the same game.

Start small if you’re green. Pills and capsules can be split (just take the capsule apart and eat half of what’s in there – prepare for a dreadful flavour though). You can also snort crushed up pills and crystals, but I’d advise against snorting anything unless you have to.

Expect a racing heart, and if it’s all becoming a bit too much, just dance. Or go find another beaming human and together you can D&M your life’s woes away!

Oh, and people love to bang on party drugs! But the eternal cosmic joke is that most guys can’t! The Gods have a wicked sense of humour.

3. Mushrooms and Shroom Shakes

Psychedelics are a hard drug to dissect because they affect everyone differently.

Shrooms 101 is just knowing what you’re taking and how much of it, and a lot of that comes from experience: 

• Anything less than 0.5 grams is more of a mini/micro-dose.
• Around the 1-1.5 gram range is a light trip.
• And 2-3 grams is a trip, though you can take it much further.

While you can eat shrooms, you can also brew them in a tea or even have them as a mushroom shake. Shroom shakes are particularly popular in Southeast Asia – particularly, with backpackers in Thailand and Laos – where a lot of the party hubs will serve them up alongside your regular ol’ boring beers.

I don’t have a lot of tips for doing shrooms purely due to how much the personal experience can change. Overall:

• Eat beforehand, but not directly beforehand. Let your stomach settle and steer clear of sugary foods.
• Stomach pain is not entirely uncommon. If your gut hurts, don’t fixate on it – it’s normal. Chill out, fart a bunch, and try some Buscopan. I gave it to a chick with mushie gut once and it fixed her right up!
• PERSONALLY, I find shroomies to be the most emotional trips of all psychedelics; a lot of stuff can simmer to the surface. Having a creative outlet like art, a journal, or musical instruments can really help in that scenario.

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4. LSD (Acid)

Acid is the substance that has changed my life the most. There are a lot of reasons I rarely drink alcohol, but discovering LSD is one of the big ones.

It’s hard to describe what to expect from Lucy to someone taking acid for the first time. Acid is a drug you need to have faith with, both in the drug and in yourself.

It will take you to where you need to go. It will show you what you need to be shown. Have faith in yourself to be strong enough to work through those things and, more than likely, you’ll have a grand fucking time.

If it does get too much, remember that it’s only a trip: trips are temporary. The drug will pass, and you’ll work through what happened when it’s over. Adopt the mentality that there are no bad trips – only trips that have something to teach.

One tip for LSD that is very pertinent is DO NOT EXPECT TO SLEEP. In most cases, six to eight hours is a fair average for the time you can expect to be tripping, and sleep won’t come until the end of that. While I usually advise against mixing drugs unless you’re experienced, having ONE Valium or Xanax to knock you out if the trip is becoming too much (or you just want to sleep) is worth considering.

That’s not to scare you though. Nine-times-outta-ten, all you’ll have is an amazing trip, some beautiful connections with those around you and some gorgeous fractal-ey visuals. LSD is really my favourite substance of all and I’ve tripped a lot – maybe 100 times – from Iran to Colombia, from The Philippines to Myanmar, I’ve taken LSD in many visually stunning places such as the temples of Bagan over New Years Eve whilst camping out with my brother and girlfriend at the time.

When you take LSD, play it smart – take it between 12-3pm, realise it takes at least an hour to come on, don’t think ‘it’s not working’ and double dose – for that would be a mistake.

Acid is why I believe there are good drugs and dirty drugs. And acid is a good drug.

One last tip for taking LSD: definitely monitor your dosage. Half a tab is a perfect introduction, or even less if you’re particularly apprehensive.

However, what a lot of people don’t know, is that you can dissolve liquid acid in water. Put a drop of acid in a bottle of water and drink it slowly. It’s a perfect way to monitor your dosage AND it’s a very clean method of ingestion.

5. Ketamine

Meanwhile, on the other end of the spectrum, is ketamine – not really one of my favourites but some people like it a lot.

Someone once described ketamine to me as “being drunk on the moon” . That’s it in a nutshell.

It’s a mentally dissociative drug (remembering that it did start as a horse tranquillizer), it’s nearly always snorted, and it acts fast and wears off relatively quickly compared to other drugs. The onset, peak, and comedown can often all be over in an hour.

Given that it’s now used as a pharmaceutical painkiller (and is available, with the gift of the gab, over-the-counter in a lot of Asia), it’s also one of the safer illegal drugs to experiment with. BUT be very careful with your dosage; a K-Hole is not something to take lightly.

If you overdose, you’re going straight in the K-Hole , and while I quite enjoy that experience on occasion, it’s not something I would want anyone unexperienced having. It’s incredibly dissociative. More or less an ego-death.

If you want to experiment with ketamine, just start with tiny little bumps – not even lines. And give your nose a good pick first. Clean out dem boogers, yo!

6. Shamanic Psychedelics (eg. Ayahuasca)

A lot of substances fall under this particular branch of drug tourism.

• And, of course, DMT

DMT stands as the notable exception to the others as being both more accessible to recreational users and a FUCKING POWERFUL but short-lived trip. Notice the bold-caps-combo? Consider yourself warned.

Some travelers make pilgrimages to certain regions of the world – backpacking in Peru and Bolivia jumps to mind – to find a shaman and embark on that intergalactic journey into the outer realms.

In 2023, I embarked on a 12 day Ayahuascua retreat in Peru, with six ceremonies. It was a life changing experience.

From here on in, we’re getting into ‘dirty drug’ territory. And at the top of that list is none other than Snow White herself!

To get the ball rolling:

• It’s highly addictive.
• Expensive outside of South America – arguably the best place in the world to buy cocaine – and thus only super relevant to budget backpackers in South America or, to a lesser degree, travelling Central America .
• One of the few recreational drugs that can lead to genuinely violent behaviour in people.
• A lot of fun! (Apparently.)

Methods of ingestion include snorting and rubbing it on your gums. Both will ruin your health in the long term.

And again, I need to emphasise how addictive it is. Please, try to minimise the frequency of your usage if you’re going to partake. And be prepared for a helluva comedown when you kick the habit; I’m talking cold sweats, nightmares, nausea, paranoia/irrational thinking. The whole shebang.

As for staying safe on the drug? As usual, chug water, go slow, dose carefully, and don’t go starting any fights. I swear by having a nasal wash tube thing-a-ma-jig that helps me keep my nostrils feeling clean after 🙂

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8. Pharmaceutical Drugs

I’ve taken plenty of valium and ritalin in my time.

Obviously, ‘pharmaceutical drugs’ is a wide net that includes a lot of various drugs with varying effects and recommended safety guidelines. But they’re still worth the mention for just how damn accessible they are outside of the West. Generally, if you’re wondering how to find drugs in a new city, a trip to the nearest pharmacy (or hippy den) will sort you right out!

A lot of prescription medication in the West can be bought over-the-counter in South/Southeast Asia and elsewhere. What can’t be bought over-the-counter, generally can with a sizable ‘tip’ .

These drugs include (amongst many others):

• Other benzodiazepines
• Heavy-duty painkillers (eg. high-potency Codeine)

Chances are you’ll get offered a pill or two by other backpackers; they’re so cheap and accessible that travellers tend to pass them around as much as joints. Being legal (sort of), travelling with pharmaceutical drugs is also a sinch – just pack them with your toiletries !

Pharmaceuticals aren’t something that you want to get too stuck into in the long term; taking too many valiums will wreck your natural sleep patterns.

The upside to pharmaceuticals is that they’re pharmaceuticals! That means top-quality, totally pure, and NOT mixed with the chef’s ‘secret sauce’ (i.e. cut with rat poison and some crackhead’s pubes).

9. Opium and Heroin

I’ve tried Opium a few times, but not heroin.

Since we’re getting into needles territory, here’s the golden safety tip that I would hope we don’t need to cover in 2024: DO NOT SHARE THEM.

Personally, I’ve never encountered heroin on the road. (I guess I hang out with the right people?)

I also feel the big H is well and truly leaving the scope of a drug tourism guide for backpackers. Just read Trainspotting and then see how keen you are.

Opium, on the other hand, kinda started the OG drug tourism trade ! My experience with it is minimal, though you can smoke it or cook it and inhale the fumes. 

The times I did try it, I felt… sleepy?

Generally, it’s hard to acquire and rare. You probably won’t encounter it in any dangerous quantities nor have enough opportunity to take it to develop an addiction. With the right people, it’s a relatively safe experimentation.

Just, stay away from heroin.

10. Crystal Meth

And on that note, we’ve landed at Walter White’s wheelhouse itself: crystal meth (or ‘ice’ as we call it Down Under).

Crystal meth, as far as I’m concerned, isn’t a drug: it’s a noxious poison chemically engineered to be as addictive and destructive as humanly possible.

My advice is simply to keep the fuck away from it, but I still feel the need to mention it here because of its accessibility, particularly in numerous backpacker enclaves throughout Southeast Asia . There are parts of the world where it’s extremely common and cheap. Due to its incredibly addictive nature (unrivalled by any other substance except, maybe, the most extreme of opiates) and the behaviour, it can elicit (violent, erratic, self-destructive, and even psychotic), the advice is simple: don’t touch the shit.

Ice, however, CAN and IS sold as other drugs. It’s a classic scumbag trick with the bikie gangs in Oz: sell a curious kid a ‘joint’ that’s actually meth, and you’ve got a customer for life. Never ever buy a pre-rolled doobie from a dealer, and be warned that the true lowlifes of this planet do sell ice disguised as a drug.

If you do ultimately partake (or fall victim to the aforementioned scumbag scheme), then I can only give the advice passed to me from the interwebs:

• Don’t expect to sleep anytime soon.
• Remember the increased heart rate, palpitations, and sweating are all normal physiological reactions.
• Be with the right people.
• Drink plenty of water.
• Put some rad music on.
• Enjoy the ride.

There is a definite euphoria attached to the process – that’s why it’s so addictive. But truly consider the weight that comes with this drug.

We have a serious problem with it in Australia and New Zealand. Believe me when I say I’ve seen it destroy individuals and spread like a plague through communities and even entire towns. Meth isn’t a drug. It’s a disease.

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If this was a travel guide, then this’d be the section where I give you lots of nuanced tips on the destination. Travel costs, cultural idiosyncrasies, the on-the-ground experience, etcetera…

But instead, it’s a guide to recreational drug tourism! The Broke Backpacker: making mums proud one highly controversial post at a time.

On Buying: How to Find Drugs in a New Town

There’s no hard-and-fast rule for this. Generally, as a tourist in a new town (particularly in a country where tourists stick out like a sore thumb), a walk through town scoping out the surroundings nets me a few offers. However, I look like this:

If nobody is offering (although it’s rarely difficult to find something in the world’s notorious drug tourism destinations), then that means you have to ask. In these circumstances, there’s a hierarchy of who I go to first.

Where possible, always buy off other travellers – not locals. It may sound harsh, but I’ve made local mates who deal in some countries (eg. Sri Lanka) and even they had a ‘no selling to locals’ policy.

Undercover cops are always a possibility in all countries as is simply being ratted out. Hell, sometimes there are elaborate scams. You buy drugs off a local, local tells the cops, cops come to you for a bribe PLUS confiscates the drugs off of you, they return the drugs, the dealer and the cops split the pot, and the cycle repeats.

At the very least, asking other travellers first will get you info on where they bought drugs in town or at least the kinda prices and setup you’re looking at to buy them.

This is only really relevant if you’re staying in a hostel where everyone’s smoking up or a guesthouse where the owner just has ‘that vibe’. But IF that’s the case, go for broke! (Subtly). It’s really not that uncommon for the staff to be selling something low-key on the side or have a mate they can call.

If you’re not getting too hardcore and are just looking for some quick smoke, choosing to stay at the right place is one of the quickest ways to find weed on vacation. Shiva bless the hostel life !

Again, it might be due to my ‘perpetually high’ vibe, but sometimes when I sit down for lunch in a new town, I get a little offer of drugs on the side of my fries. Offering a conversation and ciggie to the owner/worker can grease the wheels too.

Of course, this means choosing the RIGHT place to eat. I’ve found plenty of spots across India and Nepal where graffiti outside has made it pretty clear that treasures were hidden inside…

I pretty much NEVER resort to this. I’d rather just not have drugs than take the risk of getting done, ripped off, or sold something that’s 70% shoe polish. However, if you’re desperate, generally a lot of tuk-tuk/taxi/transport drivers sell some on the side (or know a guy).

Hell, you’d probably be surprised just how many of your tuk-tuk drivers are always stoned regardless! Why do you think they always get lost?

Drugs and Travel – All My Best Tips

These are the more generalised tips; safety comes next:

• I have a rule of thumb for anywhere in the world: unless you cooked it yourself, you don’t know what’s in it. That applies to both purity and potency. If the dealer is telling you they’re 300 microgram tabs or Manali hash, ignore them. It is what it is and you’ll find out when you eat it.
• Similarly, do remember that A LOT of drugs are tampered with. Ecstasy is cut with speed, crack, and cleaning chemicals. Hash can be mixed with shoe polish. Hell, even tobacco contains 40 billion other chemicals and poisons. There’s no real answer to this problem. It’s just something you have to keep in mind when taking drugs, and it’s why you dose carefully until you know the drug is at least mostly what it says on the tin.
• And even weed isn’t safe! The type of weed everyone buys in Sri Lanka – KG or Kerala Gold (but yeah right, mate, it’s Kerala Gold ) – is toxic for you in the long term. Finding cool locals who aren’t selling with ulterior motives but just like their substances is the best way to have an honest conversation about the drug scene in a new country.
• When it comes to travelling with drugs, that situation changes depending on where you are, how you’re travelling, and what the drugs are. If you’re taking this route, you either bury it deep in your backpack or leave it somewhere so easily accessible that you can simply drop it at a moment’s notice. Security money/travel belts can also be a nifty way to hide drugs on your person. However, I generally err on the side of caution and just don’t travel with drugs; there will always be more drugs to buy. As for how to sneak drugs on a plane? Well, don’t be stupid, stupid!
• Lastly, accept that you’re probably getting ripped off when buying drugs on the road. Carry a set of scales if you’re that fussed. I’ve seen the dealer side of these transactions on numerous occasions. It’s not even questioned. Ripping off tourists by underweighing them or having them overpay is about as standard as overcharging them on their taxi fare; that’s why you know how to haggle !

Recreational Drug Safety – Crucial Advice

I feel like I’ve already mentioned this numerous times, however, the biggest two tips once more:

• Stay hella hydrated.
• Dose yourself carefully – half or even quarter doses are totally fine.

And for the best of the rest (but no less crucial):

• Don’t mix alcohol with drugs. Look, mostly everyone does, but I don’t, and I think it’s stupid to. Why masturbate when there’s some chiselled Adonis on standby that wants to ravage your body senseless?
• If sober you would tell you not to do it, then don’t do it. I’m referring to driving, swimming, going walkabout in the jungle. Most drug-related deaths aren’t caused by ODing or bad cooks; they’re caused by bad decisions.
• Choose the right place. Good tunes, good lighting, good chillout areas, and just the feeling of being somewhere safe and secure. I once K-Holed in a hostel in Sri Lanka; as mind-warping as that experience was, at no point did I feel unsafe because I knew the place and knew that it was a safe and accepting space.
• Choose the right people. This can be a tough one when doing drugs when travelling, however, most travellers doing drugs just want the same thing – connection and good vibes. If you’re a newbie, find a veteran psychonaut or two that helps you feel comfortable and like you’re in good hands. Taking care of each other is so vital, it’s part of The Broke Backpacker Manifesto .

And Cover Yo’ Ass With Travel Insurance

Travel insurance is something you really ought to consider when travelling in ALL scenarios. Yeah, sure, you might neck a mushroom shake and then quizzically wonder what it would feel like to stab yourself in the leg with a fork (yes, I do have a mate that did this). However, you may also just get mowed down by a tuk-tuk driver who’s hotboxing as he drives!

Things can and DO go wrong on the road: that’s why we invest in good travel insurance . Will they cover you for drug-related incidents? I dunno! But I won’t tell them you if you won’t. 😉

Either way, please do consider covering yourself with insurance before you go shuttling around the cosmic realms.

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And Now You Ready to Make Your Own Informed Decision

I mean, I hope so anyway. There’s not much more I can tell you on the topic… at least, not without further incriminating myself!

Drug tourism is 100% a thing, and there’s absolutely zero value in being puritanic on the topic. You don’t have to engage with drugs if you don’t want to. In fact, you shouldn’t ; don’t be consuming ANY substances unless you’re 100% ready for the ride it’s going to take you on.

However, we shouldn’t be puritanic, but we should be realistic. Drugs and travel are part and parcel of the backpack-osphere. And in the honoured nation of Backpackistan, there is no War on Drugs – only acceptance and open dialogue.

The War on Drugs has done more damage to peoples’ mindsets and personal safety than the drugs themselves ever could.

So go out there and have a spectacular bloody time! Meet other travellers and experienced psychonauts, experiment SAFELY, and do it with the right humans. We do not outright condone drug usage at the Broke Backpacker (for legal reasons), but we do condone travellers living their best life, following their heart’s wildest desires, and expressing their personal autonomy in a safe and respectful way.

So don’t be a dick; just be a chiller. Get high with the right peeps and I guarantee you’ll make some amazing friends.

Because that’s the very last point I want to hit on about taking drugs and taking drugs on the road: you will share some fucking class-A experiences with some other rad humans. And those shared experiences, while they may not be the stories you tell your parents…

Well… they may just be the stories you tell your grandkids. With a cheeky grin and the soft light of times-well-lived reflected in your eyes.

And for transparency’s sake, please know that some of the links in our content are affiliate links . That means that if you book your accommodation, buy your gear, or sort your insurance through our link, we earn a small commission (at no extra cost to you). That said, we only link to the gear we trust and never recommend services we don’t believe are up to scratch. Again, thank you!

Will Hatton

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41 Comments

In response to the previous comment: Weed and Kratom have both been legalized in Thailand. Psilocybin Mushrooms are being studied at Khon Kean University, for eventual medical use. At this point, the drugs that are still strictly against the law here are generally not worth doing (at all). a) Meth – “Yaba” is a cheap, dirty pill, “Ice” on the other hand is nearly 100% pure. Neither will be offered to you at random. These stimulants are used by workers. b) Dope – Opium is only to be found in the museum today. Poppy production, and heroin processing is now almost exclusively in Afghanistan (protected and facilitated by the US Military). c) Psychedelics – Many are not explicitly illegal according to the Thai criminal code, which lacks any sort of analog law. There is a good little community, mostly older people. Once again they’re not selling at hostels… d) Pills – Go to the doctor, they’re much more respectful than in the West. e) Cocaine – Very weak before it’s even imported into the country, from across the ocean. Super expensive, and the type of people who do it are basically insufferable to be around anyway. f) Nitrous Oxide – Totally legal, go to a bakery supply shop. g) Ketamine – Diverted from legal veterinary supply and resold to depressing Brits. Have fun with bladder cancer. h) Alcohol – You said you don’t drink. Might as well keep it that way!! i) Weed and Kratom – as mentioned above, they’re legal and they’re excellent.

Great article that really needs more public discussion. I have been on the trail for 23 years, financially supporing myself along the way, and consider myself an backpacker, not an expat for many social/economic reasons.

Curiously and regreable, although I have mostly stayed at hostels and budget accomodations in many countries around the world, I have never been offered any type of drugs and very rarely witnessed anyone taking them. I have no explanation for this, other than I do not drink alcohol and spend much time in bars. So, maybe I have no one to kind of show me a safe way to partake.

A last point is although SEA is said to be a major focus location for drug dealing, I have spent a lot of time in the Golden Triangle of especially Thailand and witness no drug dealing or consumption. This maybe because of the very publized harsh legal penalities associated with drug us in the country. I feed quite deprived as a result.

Blog was really amazing and i think amsterdam will be my top place to visit after reading your blog.

Great article Will. Buying from a trusted source is always good advice, hit up the bartender in the hostel and they can point you in the right direction

Yes pace yourself and yes Cocaine is highly addictive… And whatever you do don’t smoke it

Very interesting post. Thank you, Will, for sharing this awareness post. It’s a big help. It’s nice to be open-minded and talk about drugs and be aware of the possible outcomes.

Thank you for this wonderful article. Very informative and educational. I hope to read more materials like this in the future because it is really something that we can use in our travel adventures!

Nice article. I think it might be worth exploring the pitfalls of buying drugs a little further so people know what to be aware of regarding common scams. A couple of things that come to mind for me are…

1- sometimes corrupt police will work with dealers. The dealer sells to you and tells the cop what he just sold you . The cop busts you and takes the dealers drugs back and you have to pay a bribe. The cop gives the dealer the drugs back and the whole process repeats.

2- Dealers are often sketchy and will tell you that selling to you is not safe out in public. They will tell you to meet them in some out of sight location (an alley or bathroom). Once out of sight you are a prime target for being robbed.

3 – Buying from random unknown locals almost guarantees you will be overcharged and possibly sold something that is not drugs at all. If you are going to experiment try and make a local friend. When I was in Mexico I asked a street dealer about cocaine. He told me $80 US. I wasn’t really interested in cocaine but was interested on the going price. I saw a local buy from him in a public square so I sparked up a conversation. I asked him “how much does that guy charge?” He told me $20 US. If you can’t make a local friend try aligning yourself with a group of fellow backpackers who have already established some kind of local connection.

4 – Rave type situations…. People taking ecstasy are easy to rob because they can’t fight back (or don’t really want to). Sometimes drug dealers will watch who they sell drugs to see how wasted they get and tip off their friends who will corner you. Some times the dealers aren’t involved and bad people will look for easy targets and raves tend to be full of them. Always try and be aware of your surroundings. That is not always possible on drugs so if you find yourself losing touch or maybe not being as aware as you should it might be best to consider how to move to a safer place for a while. Find a medic tent or a group of security people to hang around for a bit.

Be safe and have great travels people!!!

All valid points amigo 🙂

Your informative page on drug use while travelling is an excellent initiative that is lacking on all other sites out there, cudos! Must agree with you on all points and if people want to be fully informed they can follow the presented link to Erowid which is the bible for drugs. Also like your disclaimer «Please also note that all references to drugs on my travels are entirely fictional and definitely did not happen…« ?

Love one, love all, and travel safely!

This is such an interesting post!It is often those that are reckless that get themselves in to difficult situations or bad experiences, and then that gives a bad name to the rest of us and makes it easy for others who have already a negative view of drugs and their users to point and say ‘look! told you so’. So yer, nice one!

Thanks Charlie! 🙂

This is a different but refreshing take on traveling. I am into health physically and mentally an do believe some drugs play a part in one’s journey. Tim Ferris has also got me curious about psychedelics.

A word to the wise – the crystal and smack in tourist spots in SEA are NOT as strong as people might want you to believe. Still, start with tiny amounts to be sure. The concept of tourists asking for ‘yayo’ in countries where it costs $300 a gram and being served #4 white smack instead is really stupidity 101… Ask for H by name if that is your poison. Always practice harm reduction. Never mix pills with alcohol. Build up a tolerance with weaker pills before you think about smack. NEVER use a needle in a 3rd world country, and most importantly – set a quit date (usually about 3 weeks after you start), purchase transportation out of the country for that date ahead of time, make damn sure you don’t have anything on you, and get ready for fairly minor withdrawals. Always keep $100 in cash just in case you need to purchase police ‘services’. Avoid repressive theocracies and totalitarian city-states in the region and stick to the friendly countries 🙂

H isn’t my thing but that’s all solid advise.

Wow, I never thought I’d read a blogpost like this. It’s some interesting tips and things to look out for. Although I don’t ever plan on using drugs, it’s good to know what to expect from them!

I have been following your social media for a while now, but honestly never took time out to deeply read your writing, But this post and the one on books really caught my attention.

I am glad you speak about the use of drugs safely while on your travels. In India, i can presumably say that we are bursting from our intestines about travelling and travel blogging. And in the process, we get caught up with what just appears and social media attractive. I wish more and more Indian travellers, specially the Indian women can understand the dos and don’ts about the drug use. We have abundant marijuana in our hills of North and it can be used wonderfully if one is aware of the right sources. But the question remains, how right or how trustworthy your source can be? How do you even know if you are travelling to a place the first time around?? Often these questions crop up in mind as I take some women up North for their first experience in the Himalayas! And they want to experience everything!!!

This is such an interesting post! My interest was piqued when I saw something about a mushroom shake. Oh my LORD that sounds horrible hahaha. I have ZERO desire to ever take shrooms or hallucinate but to each his own.

I bet you do get some flac for this post, but I think it’s something that needs to be covered….so I’m glad it exsits! And I’m sure drug use is extremely prevalent in the backpacking world and as that is mostly young people, it’s good to have resources from people who have “been there.” 🙂

Thanks Amy! Shroom shakes don’t taste as bad as one would think but hell, they aren’t exactly delicious! I do indeed get the occasional email about this post from the odd concerned mother! – Definitely though this is a topic that needs to be covered, knowledge is power and hopefully this will help the next generation of cosmonaughts go off into the stratosphere safely!

Your first smoking experience while backpacking sounds like a memorable one! You make some very good points about remaining safe and staying out of legal trouble while abroad. Thanks for sharing!

Thanks for reading 🙂

Nice post Will, a topic that needs more open discussion and is something I am writing more and more about on my blog. I’m glad to see you have a section of practicing safe use, it is often those that are reckless that get themselves in to difficult situations or bad experiences, and then that gives a bad name to the rest of us and makes it easy for others who have already a negative view of drugs and their users to point and say ‘look! told you so’. So yer, nice one!

Cheers dude! 🙂

Wow, very well written. Your articles has helped me a lot while I am currently writing my thesis research on such subject relating to backpackers and drug friendly destinations.

Thanks Beverley, that’s really interesting project you’ve got going on there. It would be great you read your findings at some point!

Haha, I’m glad to see someone actually writing about this. I was considering setting up another blog under a pseudonym to talk about all the things I don’t discus on my normal blog for fear of my parents! Not sure I agree with the advise of not trying psychedelics at music festivals… 😀

I’m not saying not to try psychedelics at festivals just advising against it being the best first setting for newbies! 😛 Don’t set up a pseudonym, post as yourself, just try to remain impartial 🙂 – would love to read about your thoughts on this!

wait, backpackers take drugs!? haha great post. I actually wish I could write something about this because I’m an expat in Goa, which is a such a hotspot for psychedelics and such- just some tips or warnings, but I am too afraid it will open a can of worms where people msg me inappropriately, or my name in Goa becomes something i’m not & I’ll have the police knocking at my door! So I don’t even mention their existence which doesn’t seem right either so good for you acknowledging real life.

You should write something about this; just don’t write it under your name 😛 To be fair, I have had some flack from people on FB over this but I think it’s important to provide information so people can experiment safely 🙂

Solid post Will, definitely something to think about for first time travellers as you will cross drugs at some point. Personally I stay away but am usually around someone taking something at sometime and have no issue with it.

Backpackers are a good bunch for the most part, never seems to be any peer pressure I have come across which is wicked

Thanks Jub! It’s an issue I have wanted to cover for some time, drugs are a part of backpacker culture and ignoring them is a bad idea; it can present unfair challenges to those wishing to experiment. Totally agree with your point on peer-pressure.. 🙂

Really great topic to cover, Will, and you did it really well. I’ve had mixed experiences experimenting with drugs while travelling, some good, some bad. I would definitely say the doctors advice is important. I think it’s also very important that people be careful buying drugs illegally in other countries. You never know when something might go wrong and you have to bribe a police officer or worse!

Some great points here Crystal and I commend your off-hand acknowledgment that drugs have been a part of your life, as they have for myself on occasion. Hopefully the policies will change one day and allow for safer drug use for those who are interested 🙂

This is such an important topic, and I don’t think it is covered enough. I know I’ve come across a fair number of drugs and casual drug users in my travels. I stay away from the drugs (not the people!) because I know I am really sensitive and the potential downsides don’t outweigh the possible good times. Definitely the most important thing is to be safe… and DEFINITELY be with trusted friends. If you trip balls and have no one to look out for you, you’re screwed.

Thanks Colleen! Great to hear you approve, I would love to read more articles on this topic… It’s great that you know yourself well enough to fully appreciate the potential dangers, that’s the safest way to go…. and yeah; tripping balls alone can be pretty damn intense.

Great post. I am more scared by the legal side of drugs while traveling. I think many backpackers try to be “showy” about the drugs they are taking. The last thing anyone wants is to end up in a foreign prison having to bribe their way out! If I take/smoke anything, I make sure to keep pretty quiet about it instead of shouting to the rooftops (and to the city police) that I have them.

I agree with you; I’m not keen on people showing off with their drug use, they tend to be, well, idiots.

I cannot tell you the last day we haven’t been offered drugs….oh the backpacking circuit! We have never taken up on any of the offers, we stick the beer!

Nothing wrong with sticking to the beer! Happy travels 🙂

Great article. I think sometimes people are too scared to talk about this. Truth being some nationalities see it as medicinal when used properly. I think in the western world (UK and US especially) we are told it is ‘bad’ so people go crazy when they do take something and it turns horribly wrong, thus increasing the stereotype.

Hey Sally! Thanks for your feedback! It is indeed a bit of a touchy topic which is kind of why I wanted to discuss it – I think if people are planning on experimenting with anything new, whether it’s drugs or white water rafting, the greatest danger is a lack of information! Thanks for reading 🙂

Nicely done, man! It’s good to read mindful, mature texts on the web about drugs. I can’t wait to smoke with people I’ve just met on the road! It’s definitely on my to-do list!

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The highs and lows of drug tourism: a travel medicine perspective

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Gerard T Flaherty, Karl K Maxemous, Ramez E Nossier, Yen-Giang Bui, The highs and lows of drug tourism: a travel medicine perspective, Journal of Travel Medicine , Volume 24, Issue 6, November-December 2017, tax068, https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/tax068

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Tourists have travelled within countries and across international boundaries for the purpose of obtaining or using psychoactive drugs for medicinal or recreational use at least since the 1950s, when the so-called ‘hippie trail’ witnessed alternative tourists making extended overland journeys between Europe and South Asia. The profile of the modern drug tourist is more heterogeneous, and legal restrictions on the purchase and personal use of recreational drugs may limit the extent to which this travel motivation surfaces during the pre-travel health consultation. The unwary drug tourist may not be cognizant of the risks associated with such activity, which include detention and incarceration in a foreign country, often with very strict drug laws for which conviction may be associated with severe penalties; the need for emergency medical evacuation from remote areas; or being subject to the threat of local criminal organizations or corrupt law enforcement officials. Other health risks include the risk of exposure to blood–borne viruses such as HIV and hepatitis C, drug-induced psychosis, risky sexual practices and inadvertently contributing to local crime, poverty and social inequality among host communities. This article will explore the current status of drug tourism, also called narcotourism, with a focus on the profile of modern drug tourists, drug tourism destinations, health risks and prevention strategies.

Most common drug tourism destinations

Drug use abroad carries the additional risks associated with unknown sources of supplies, lack of awareness of local health services, and isolation from friends and family support. The escalation of drug-taking behaviours during international leisure travel is linked to unprotected sex, drug driving accidents and mental health problems. 5 In a study of 1008 young UK adult backpackers in Australia, 55% of the sample used at least one illicit drug during their backpacking holiday. Risk factors for such use included being male, being a regular club goer, travelling without a partner, travel for more than 4 weeks, and drinking alcohol or smoking for 5 or more days a week. 6 A retrospective Swiss study of 3537 travellers surveyed during the pre-travel consultation revealed a decrease in the use of recreational drugs from 9 to 5% during their most recent international travel but this study may have been influenced by recall or social desirability bias. 7 The authors postulate that traveller concern about harsh drug enforcement laws in foreign jurisdictions may dissuade them from seeking illicit drugs. A study of 223 younger (18–30 years) Israeli long-term travellers to the tropics reported that 36.7% used illicit drugs during their trip, with higher rates of drug abuse associated with travel to Southeast Asia (43.3%) compared to South America (25.6%). 8 Drug use was highest in travellers to India, where so-called ‘full moon’ parties in states such as Goa are popular among drug tourists. Drug use adversely affected adherence to physician-prescribed malaria chemoprophylaxis, which was attributed by many travellers to their fear of the potential of mefloquine to induce vivid dreams, hallucinations and mood disturbance.

The phenomenon of tourist participation in Shamanic rituals in the Amazonian region of South America has recently attracted attention in the online and print media. The psychoactive alkaloids present in the so-called San Pedro cactus ( Echinopsis pachanoi ) account for its use by visitors to the Andes mountain range for healing and religious divination purposes. High profile deaths in young tourists attributed to ingestion of the purgative hallucinogenic decoction, ayahuasca, have raised concern about this activity in travellers. A 26-year-old British man was stabbed to death near the Peruvian city of Iquitos in apparent self-defence by a Canadian man, also taking part in a shamanic ceremony involving the hallucinogenic drink ayahuasca. 9 Ayahuasca acts as a monoamine oxidase inhibitor by inhibiting the metabolism of the psychedelic compound dimethyltryptamine in the gut. It induces a state of altered consciousness lasting for up to 8 h, accompanied by colourful visual hallucinations, heightened perception, diminished auditory sensation and mental alertness. The accompanying emesis (‘the purge’) is considered spiritually significant by users. Local healers ( curanderos ) conduct nocturnal rituals during which oral consumption of a traditional ayahuasca brew is believed to facilitate greater insight for the participant drug-taker. Kavenská characterizes ayahuasca tourists as individuals motivated by curiosity, a desire for ‘self-realization and growth’, and who use the substance as a vehicle for ameliorating emotional, addiction or chronic illness-related issues. 10 Their qualitative study of ayahuasca ritual participants cited lack of trust in a shaman as the principal negative element of the experience. Winkelman points to instances of sexual predation perpetrated by native ayahuasca providers disguised as traditional healers. 11

Voluntary sexual risk-taking among illicit drug-taking tourists has been studied extensively. Kelly and co-workers found high levels of drug use (85.3%) in a sample of 171 British seasonal casual workers on the island of Ibiza in Spain. 12 Half of the casual workers surveyed had unprotected sex, often while under the influence of alcohol, with the majority (85.7%) failing to seek a sexual health check-up in Ibiza. High rates of ecstasy use have previously been reported in this cohort of occupational travellers. 13 The authors hypothesize that new arrivals to the island are quickly integrated into the local drug scene by existing workers who are familiar with how to obtain recreational drugs for personal use. They warn that casual sexual activity during seasonal work-related travel may be sustained when these young people return to the UK, as unsafe sexual practices become normalized. Guilamo-Ramos et al. have studied sex tourism in the Dominican Republic and suggested that local tourist demands cause drug routes to migrate to tourism hotspots where drug tourism facilitates HIV risk behaviours. 14

Use of illicit drugs, especially cocaine and amphetamines, places drug tourists at risk of unintentional injury and interpersonal violence. In an airport survey of 6502 young British and German holidaymakers visiting Mediterranean nightlife destinations, Hughes et al. reported the highest levels of drug use by German visitors to Portugal. 15 There was a positive association between unintentional injury, domestic drug use and use of drugs other than cannabis during travel. The use of drugs during their Mediterranean holiday, frequent alcohol intoxication and travel to Majorca or Crete were factors in the incidence of violence involving other individuals. In a study of Consular notifications of Canadian arrests overseas, drugs were implicated in 420 out of 6514 cases. 16 There was a disproportionate over-representation of women in relation to drug offences, but it is unknown whether these were for drug possession, consumption or trafficking. The health problems associated with incarceration, including transmissible infectious diseases, violence, and suicide were highlighted by the authors, who advocate risk reduction strategies to educate travellers about the legislation and harsh penalties related to the possession and use of narcotics in unfamiliar jurisdictions. The illegal importation of packets of drugs, usually cocaine but occasionally of ecstasy, 17 across international borders, is mostly observed in male travellers. 18 The drug pellets appear as uniformly isodense or slightly hyperdense opacities on a plain radiograph of the abdomen. This phenomenon of ‘body packing’ carries a risk of acute intoxication causes by leakage or rupture of the swallowed packets in the gut. Cocaine intoxication in this scenario may be recognized by airline personnel and medical volunteers by the presence of mydriasis, seizures, agitation, tachycardia, hypertensive crisis, hyperthermia, arrhythmias or myocardial infarction. There may be associated episodes of air rage and efforts to physically restrain these victims may potentiate the cardiac effects of the drug and precipitate death.

The travel medicine community must be aware of the potential for drug tourism during pre-travel consultations and sensitively highlight the risks of such activities. Greater efforts to promote prevention in popular drug travel destinations are also indicated. The use of peer educators may be appropriate in attempting to discourage younger travellers from experimenting with drugs in nightlife resorts. The music festival industry may have a useful role to play in harm reduction. Promotion of responsible behaviour among resort employees is also of paramount importance. Changes in drug legislation across national jurisdictions can be confusing for young tourists to navigate. Tourists should be made aware of local drug law enforcement policies as well as measures to take in the event of a drug-related medical emergency. Further research will illuminate the current patterns of illicit drug use during travel and help to inform preventive educational strategies. Moreover, high-quality research into the therapeutic effects of various psychoactive drugs should continue since it will help to establish safe dosages and reduce harm to travellers seeking to use them, either for recreational, therapeutic or spiritual purposes.

None received.

Conflict of interest: None declared.

Valdez A , Sifaneck S . Drug tourists and drug policy on the US-Mexican border: an ethnographic investigation . J Drug Issues 1997 ; 27 : 879 – 98 .

Google Scholar

Segev L , Paz A , Potasman I . Drug abuse in travelers to Southeast Asia: an on-site study . J Travel Med 2005 ; 12 : 205 – 9 .

European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction . 2012 . Travel and Drug Use in Europe: A Short Review . http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/system/files/publications/677/Travel_and_drug_use_394352.pdf (29 March 2017, date last accessed).

Bellis MA , Hughes K , Bennett A , Thomson R . The role of an international nightlife report in the proliferation of recreational drugs . Addiction 2003 ; 98 : 1713 – 21 .

Potasman I , Beny A , Seligmann H . neuropsychiatric problems in 2,500 long-term young travelers to the tropics . J Travel Med 2000 ; 7 : 5 – 9 .

Bellis MA , Hughes KE , Dillon P et al.  . Effects of backpacking holidays in Australia on alcohol, tobacco and drug use of UK residents . BMC Public Health 2007 ; 7 : 1 . doi:10.1186/1471-2458-7-1 .

Klunge-de Luze C , de Vallière S , Genton B , Senn N . Observational study on the consumption of recreational drugs and alcohol by Swiss travelers . BMC Public Health 2014 ; 14 : 1199 . http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/14/1199 .

Paz A , Sadestzki S , Potasman I . High rates of substance abuse among long-term travelers to the tropics: an interventional study . J Travel Med 2004 ; 11 : 75 – 81 .

BBC News . 2015 . Briton Unais Gomes killed in Peru during ‘shamanic ceremony’ http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-35133580 (9 May 2017, date last accessed).

Kavenská V , Simonová H . Ayahuasca tourism: participants in Shamanic rituals and their personality styles, motivation, benefits and risks . J Psychoactive Drugs 2015 ; 47 : 351 – 9 .

Winkelman M . Drug tourism or spiritual healing? Ayahuasca seekers in Amazonia . J Psychoactive Drugs 2005 ; 37 : 209 – 18 .

Kelly D , Hughes K , Bellis MA . Work hard, party harder: drug use and sexual behaviour in young British casual workers in Ibiza, Spain . Int J Environ Res Public Health 2014 ; 11 : 10051 – 61 .

Hughes K , Bellis MA , Whelan G et al.  . Elevated substance use in casual labour at international nightlife resorts: a case control study . Int J Drug Policy 2004 ; 15 : 211 – 3 .

Guilamo-Ramos V , Lee JJ , Ruiz Y et al.  . Illicit drug use and HIV risk in the Dominican Republic: tourism areas create drug use opportunities . Glob Public Health 2015 ; 10 : 318 – 30 .

Hughes K , Bellis MA , Calafat A et al.  . Substance use, violence, and unintentional injury in young holidaymakers visiting Mediterranean destinations . J Travel Med 2011 ; 18 : 80 – 9 .

MacPherson DW , Gushulak BD , Sandhu J . Arrest and detention in international travellers . Travel Med Infect Dis 2007 ; 5 : 217 – 22 .

Low VHS , Dillon EK . Agony of the ecstasy: report of five cases of MDMA smuggling . Australas Radiol 2005 ; 49 : 400 – 3 .

Dorn T , Ceelen M , de Keijzer KJC et al.  . Prevalence and medical risks of body packing in the Amsterdam area . J Forensic Leg Med 2013 ; 20 : 86 – 90 .

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What is Drug Tourism and How Common Is It?

• What is drug tourism?
• Why (and where) do people engage in drug tourism?
• How common is drug tourism?
• Is drug tourism a good idea?

While far from an exhaustive account, this post can serve as a foundation for gaining a basic understanding of why drug tourism exists and how it works. You can learn more about the topic by clicking through the links provided, though we should answer most (if not all) of your questions right here.

The Basics: What is Drug Tourism?

Why – and Where – Do People Engage in Drug Tourism?

• To unwind or relax from a stressful life
• To ‘enjoy’ substances that are otherwise unavailable in their home country
• To find less expensive prescription medication
• To fulfill what is seen as a ‘classic’ or necessary travel experience
• To take advantage of looser drug laws or at the very least less strict enforcement of those laws in the host country

• The Netherlands
• Czech Republic

Clearly drug tourism – and the many issues that it can bring to both travelers and to local communities or cities – is prevalent nearly all around the world. But how common is drug use within these areas, and what impact has it had or is likely to have moving forward? These are, perhaps, the more important questions to be asking.

While certainly unfortunate, the description from The Atlantic article above is not necessarily surprising. Why not? The United Nations has noted that Afghanistan and Myanmar (in Southeast Asia) alone can account for a full ninety-five percent of opiate production. For the last several decades, as tourism has grown as a whole, so has drug tourism – particularly in regions where drugs are more readily available, like Myanmar. The consensus is that drug tourism is becoming more, rather than less, common. But engaging in drug tourism is not necessarily an easy and painless process. One academic report on drug tourism makes the difficult aspects of this drug tourism trend clear, explaining at least in part why drug tourism remains a relatively small part of the tourism industry as a whole: “Customers face challenges as well, so at first, it is difficult to find a drug holiday destination , since there are no official advertisements. Still, if they have found such an offer and arrived at the destination, there are certain risks involved. In many destinations, drug purchase and consumption are not allowed, even though drugs might be easily obtained through dealers. There is the danger of being caught in connect with drugs – such as imprisonment. Besides, drug consumption involved a number of health-related risks.” Despite these inherent risks, both academic research and anecdotal evidence point to the fact that drug tourism remains relatively high in the parts of the world already discussed. If illegal substances are available in a city or region, there is likely to be an industry around drug tourism, given the profits it brings to those who play their cards right. Because of this economic benefit to vendors and the supposed personal benefit to traveling buyers, drug tourism is not likely to disappear in these regions any time soon.

Is Drug Tourism Ever a Good Idea?

• The possibility of being arrested, detained and held in police custody
• Being in need of medical attention without any such care available close by
• The contribution to criminal activity, poverty, and even social destabilization in the host country
• Being under the influence or outside the control of your own decisions in an unfamiliar and potentially unsafe setting
• Unfamiliarity with the local drug market, and what could be mixed in with the drugs that you are buying
• Being at the mercy of the black market and potentially corrupt police, since most countries still have very strict drug policies even if they are not always enforced

Problems Associated With Drug Tourism

For people living in the United States, they are undoubtedly aware of recent changes in marijuana laws. Cannabis legislation has been turned on its head in recent years in locations like Colorado, Washington, and Washington D.C. It’s not surprising that these areas of the country have seen a surge in tourism since these changes. Many states have long-adopted medical marijuana laws. These are laws that make it legal for people to use cannabis with a doctor’s prescription. Other states have put laws into place to allow for recreational cannabis use. These are the states where drug tourism is flourishing. There are a lot of problems with cannabis tourism, as well as with drug tourism in general. It is very easy for people to take drugs back across state borders with different regulations. Some experts believe that this really isn’t a problem. They’re OK with it as long as their local economy enjoys the boost. However, there are other costs involved. Diseases like HIV can be spread because of drug tourism. This is something that is already happening in places like the Dominican Republic , and elsewhere. Even so, there is a social problem that might be quite a bit bigger. In general, people tend to view vacations as risk-taking adventures. They’re a time when people will try anything and do almost anything just for the thrill. This is problematic because it puts people’s lives at risk. Drug tourism encourages them to try all kinds of drugs that they would never try at home. The dangers involved couldn’t be more real. According to one study done by ResearchGate, people tend to assign different risk levels when they’re on vacation. They often fail to take the needed safety measures when they’re using. It would be nice to be able to experience freedom on vacation in a new place. However, people who participate in this activity often get more than they bargained for.

Drug Tourism and Addiction

There are all kinds of destinations all over the world that are famous for their drug-encouraging cultures. Some examples include:

• Amsterdam – This is a place known for widely available weed. At one time, psychedelic mushrooms were also plentiful, although that practice has stopped. Tourists are still able to arrive in Amsterdam and sample all kinds of substances. They’re readily available almost everywhere.
• Peru – Ayahuasca is available in this country, and tourists will regularly sample it. It contains DMT, which is a psychedelic drug that produces hallucinations. Trips with this drug are often intense, and more than one person has reported a near-death experience. Other drugs, like the San Pedro cactus, are also popular in Peru.
• Bolivia – The locals of Bolivia enjoy using coca, and they insist that it’s not a drug. They chew the coca leaves to produce only mild mental and physical effects. Bolivia is also home to one of the largest cocaine manufacturers in the world. Drug tourists who are interested will pay a lot of money for cocaine there, but they still do it.
• Czech Republic – Drug-friendly clubs are all over the place in Prague, and it’s a popular place for tourists. It’s very easy to find marijuana, ecstasy, or one of many other drugs almost anywhere. Local dealers charge high prices to tourists, but they’re more than willing to pay.
• The Golden Triangle (Thailand, Laos, Burma) – Opiate drugs are all the rage in this part of the world. However, tourists can find much more than opium and heroin there. Marijuana, mushrooms, and ecstasy are all plentiful. Reports are that tourism is up in this area.

The Washington Post reported on a library where the librarian always keeps Naloxone on hand. The library is located near a place nicknamed Needle Park. It’s a park where people typically go to get high on heroin. Once they have, they’ll venture into the library to relax. She was quoted as saying: “We call 911 when things happen to make sure that trained professionals are on their way. But in this neighborhood, there’s a lot going on with drug use, drug overdoses. Sometimes there’s a wait time. So we found that sometimes this is the best way to keep someone else alive.”

What Should You Do with This Information?

On a more personal level, if you or someone you love struggles with addiction, drug tourism should be the very last thing on your mind. Instead, confronting this addiction head-on – whether in yourself in someone else – can help give that person the freedom to enjoy the world in an entirely new, entirely fulfilling way.

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Drug Tourism: Common Destinations & Risks

Some people will go to great lengths to get drugs – literally. Drug tourism is a dangerous and, unfortunately, a common way for people to buy, use, and sell drugs around the world. While we often feel disconnected or even unaffected by things that happen in other countries or areas of the globe, everything has a ripple effect, including drug tourism. Today, our Chicago drug rehab is looking into the risks of tourism and the most common drug tourism destinations.

What Is Drug Tourism?

Also known as Narco tourism, drug tourism refers to the practice of traveling to select destinations to buy drugs for any reason. These journeys or “tours” can be for recreational drugs or any other kind of substance, and they don’t even have to be too long. For instance, someone who travels from Missouri to Colorado to buy and smoke marijuana would be considered a “drug tourist.”

Drugs that are obtained via drug tourism are usually illegal or unavailable in the traveler’s state or country, so they visit other places that are well-known for obtaining and using those substances, such as the Netherlands. People all over the globe understand which countries have what drugs, so many people travel to these destinations in search of their substances of choice.

Drug tourism has been around for centuries, extending as far back in time to when spice traders would go to other regions to buy spices that were unavailable in their homes. With the advancement of technology and travel, drug tourism has only become more popular, having affected around 1.46 billion people in 2019 alone. 1 With a rise in travel comes a rise in areas like events, restaurants, and drug sales - three industries that bring in the largest revenue from tourism and will only continue to increase as the legalization of drugs like cannabis spreads to more states in the U.S.

Drug Tourism Today

Drug trafficking alone brings in around $426 billion to $652 billion per year, mainly because trafficking and tourism are both widespread.1 But drug tourism isn’t as basic as traveling with the sole purpose of buying drugs. Rather, it might also include tourists who find out about these drugs once they’ve arrived at their desired destinations.

This concept was introduced in a study performed in the 1990s, which approached the concept of drug tourism as beginning when the individual became aware of the drug’s existence in the said destination. Even if they find out about the substance when they’re already at the destination and not before, they’d still fall under the category of drug tourism. 2

This is an extremely dangerous practice, as these tourists engage in the direct use of substances they aren’t familiar with. These tourists may also not understand the language or area of which they’ve traveled to, making it more likely for unknown suppliers and isolation from trusted friends or family and a familiar language to cause trouble for tourists. So why would anyone do this if there are so many risks?

Common Drug Tourism Destinations

People engage in drug tourism either to get high and party with drugs or because they believe they’re contributing to the country’s economy, neither of which is safe nor true. Not only are most, if not all, drugs obtained through drug tourism dangerous and addictive (making them unsafe), many countries like Colombia and Mexico experience high levels of poverty because of drug cartels and trafficking.

Prescription drugs are also often cheaper in other countries, and traveling to obtain cheaper prescription drugs is understandable and even encouraged in some areas. Considering that the price of prescription drugs increased by 76% from 2000 to 2017, making them 256% more expensive than 32 other countries, it’s understandable why drug tourism even includes prescription medications. 3 But, by no means does this increase in price make drug tourism safe nor acceptable.

With that said, drug tourists or travelers seek out particular destinations in search of specific drugs. Vendors, drug dealers, and establishments that cater to drug tourism can be found all over the globe. Regions that are most prone to drug tourism include India, South America, the Netherlands, and Mexico. Considering its proximity to the U.S., Mexico is an especially popular drug tourism destination.

Below is a comprehensive list of popular drug tourism destinations and the drugs they’re known for:

• Mexico: Cocaine, methamphetamine, heroin, LSD, and marijuana
• India: Marijuana, crystal meth, MDMA, LSD, hashish, cocaine, heroin, magic mushrooms (psilocybin mushrooms), GHB, ketamine, and opioids
• Morocco: Hashish and marijuana
• The Netherlands: Marijuana
• Thailand: Prescription drugs like opioids and Xanax
• Myanmar: Opioids, heroin, magic mushrooms, ecstasy, speed, and cannabis
• Laos: Marijuana, psychedelic (magic) mushrooms, and opium
• Bolivia: Cocaine
• Czech Republic: Marijuana, cocaine, and ecstasy
• Indonesia: Magic mushrooms
• Uruguay: Marijuana and cocaine paste

Risks of Drug Tourism

Buying drugs from Costa Rica or crossing the border to buy drugs from Mexico comes with a lot of risks. To begin, substances like marijuana, cocaine, LSD, magic mushrooms, opioids, and other prescription medications all have an extreme impact on the body, and most are highly addictive. For instance, benzos like Xanax and Valium can produce negative long-term health effects.

Opioids like oxycodone and heroin are known for their highly addictive nature, and heroin is especially dangerous because it’s mixed with other additives and administered in various ways. All these drugs have the potential for addiction as well as overdose.

Along with different drug categories and doses, numerous factors increase the dangers of these substances. Because they’re purchased or used in the same areas, certain drugs like benzos and alcohol are often used together to increase each other’s side effects. These combinations make addiction and life-threatening effects like overdose more likely.

The longer someone uses these drugs, the more likely they are to become addicted to these substances and experience a fatal outcome from their drug use. In addition to mental and physical health, one’s relationships, career, and finances also suffer.

In addition to contributing to wide stream drug use, drug tourism can also impact a region’s reputation, making it more likely for the area to be associated with crime and poverty and receive poorer treatment from tourists and other non-residents. Drug tourism also directly impacts a country’s economy, contributing to local crime and poverty.

Overall, the negative effects of drug tourism include

• Addiction and other physical and mental health effects that come with drug use
• Fatal overdose
• Increased risk of suicide
• Increased risk and spread of blood-borne viruses like HIV and hepatitis C
• Risky sexual practices and sexually transmitted diseases
• Physical abuse
• Detainment or incarceration in a foreign country
• Lack of proper medical support in isolated areas or because of communication barriers
• Increased risk of using drugs that contain more cutting agents to make them cheaper and more addictive
• Dealing with local law enforcement that may be more aggressive
• Being forced into a drug-smuggling scheme by a local cartel
• Exacerbating local crime
• Contributing to poverty and social inequality among host communities

The risks of drug tourism trump any supposed benefits of traveling to use drugs. There are plenty of ways for tourists to enjoy themselves without the use of drugs.

Help for Drug Addiction

Whether you fell into Laos drug tourism or any other area’s drug tourism or not, our partial hospitalization program in Chicago can help you recover from the physical and mental health effects of drug addiction and regain your footing in a sober lifestyle. Considering that drugs used and sold in drug tourism often contain dangerous chemicals and additives known as cutting agents, finding medical support administered in a safe and clean environment by professionals is crucial for ridding the body of these substances and regaining your health.

Whether it’s illicit or prescription drug addiction treatment you need, our drug rehab in Naperville, IL, can help. Call Banyan Treatment Center Chicago today at 888-280-4763 to get started.

Sources: 1. Global Financial Integrity - Transnational Crime Executive Summary 2. ResearchGate - Drugs and Tourists' Experiences 3. JAMA Network - Estimated Savings From International Reference Pricing for Prescription Drugs

Related Reading: Molly Cutting Agents What Is Meth Cut With?

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5 of the world’s most mind-bending drug cultures

Deeply rooted in tradition, drug practices in these places are nothing short of a learned art.

A strong stigma in the West bullies our idea of drug culture, fueled by perceptions of mind-altering substances, man-made chemical compounds, and destroyed communities. But throughout the world, spiritual practitioners' use of entheogens—psychoactive substances applied in religious or shamanic contexts—is nothing short of a learned art, unique to the people and regions who’ve studied it for centuries.

Their ultimate goal isn’t a supreme high but a realization of the supreme, wherein an individual ingests a plant with psychoactive properties in order to have a conversation with or listen to it. It’s a captivating notion, to be one with nature, driven by the need to sustain a relationship with an ancient voice and to absorb its knowledge.

Outgrowths of corruption and violence are evidence of high human costs. But the draw to the substances is so powerful that it’s also compelled interested outsiders to become active partakers, creating a whirlwind of well-documented drug tourism, and, consequently, the commercialization and commodification of religion, threatening not only the practices themselves but also, in some cases, the plants central to them.

It’s tricky to toe the line when traveling—how to experience a place without actually reaching out and swallowing it whole. We're inclined to stay in neighborhood apartments over chain hotels, to seek out street food in lieu of pricey restaurants, to do as the locals do—whatever it is that they’re doing. Somewhere therein, lines of responsible tourism blur. Some might say it’s the difference between sipping pisco sours in Cusco and cupping ayahuasca tea in Iquitos: Both give you a taste for the land’s traditions, but only one has the potential to disrupt a delicate cultural ecosystem.

Here are five such ecosystems around the world, each imbued with its own tradition of entheogenic practices that have drawn curious eyes to peek through the mainstream veil. And while we can’t endorse a next-level trip to Mexico to meet Mescalito in a cloud of peyote, we can say that the desert’s sparkling mirages have captured our attention, too.

Gabon, Central Africa

In Gabon, a country nearly Colorado’s size that straddles the equator on the west coast of Central Africa, there’s a shrub that blossoms with white and pink flowers and tasteless orange fruit. It isn’t particularly pretty—its produce nutritionally unremarkable—and yet, the iboga plant is sacred, worshipped by the Babongo tribe (among others) that discovered its uniquely powerful properties some thousand years ago, when a religion called Bwiti formed around its bark.

Loosely translated, Bwiti means simply “otherworldly tree medicine” or “the being who calls.” Bwiti adherents eat the psychedelic bark for both individual spiritual growth and community fortification—but first, it’s a rite of passage, an initiation into the plant’s spiritual wisdom and a connection to ancestral knowledge.

Revered and intense as it is—the closed-eye and waking-dream hallucinations, with effects lasting up to 48 hours—iboga requires a complex courtship. Once the root bark has been scraped off and crushed into chips or a fine powder, a ceremony unfolds under the stewardship of a N’ganga , or shaman, with clapping, chanting, and complex music that’s heavy on percussion. It’s a communal event, with elders, healers, and even children sitting on the sidelines to pay witness to whatever message might surface as iboga reveals itself, the initiate unfolding into its guidance and recounting visions aloud in real time so that the N’ganga can interpret and direct the proceedings in real time.

Andes and Amazon regions, South America

Skin covered in a slippery film of sweaty heat, sitting in a platform hut deep in the Amazon rainforest, a shaman sings icaros , or ceremonial songs, as Pachamama, or Mother Earth, takes hold of your intestines and gives a good squeeze. And so begins the period of intense vomiting (and bouts of diarrhea) found in most ayahuasca ceremonies, wherein physical and emotional bile is released to induce a mystifying haze of transcendental healing, characterized by wild visual and aural hallucinations that challenge limits of both love and fear for the next four to six hours.

The plant decoction is murky to the eye and not so pleasing to the tongue, made from mashed ayahuasca vine and chacruna leaves (often with jimson weed and pure jungle tobacco, called mapacho , added to incite the purge), boiled for 12 hours and blessed with sacred tobacco smoke blown over and into the cauldron by a shaman. The compound of two Quechua words (though with Spanish spelling), ayahuasca means “vine of souls" or "rope of the dead,” depending on interpretation. As the name suggests, it’s a powerful entity calling to Pachamama, a central figure to the indigenous and mestizo populations who have invited her—in all her forms—into their bodies for centuries.

Northeastern Mexico, Southern Texas

In the torrid deserts of northeastern Mexico and southern Texas, people dig the land for a small, thorn-less cactus said to have untold powers of sight that it shares with those brave and strong enough to greet it. You don’t take peyote—it takes you.

Mescalito, as the hallucinogenic cactus was later personified, has shown himself to Aztecs, Mexican Indians, and Native Americans for more than 5,000 years as a centerpiece in cultural and religious practices. While the ceremonies may vary, they’re often communal, with a shaman guiding a group through special peyote songs as together they ingest the dried cactus buttons. Over the course of 10 to 12 hours, hallucinations (and bouts of violent vomiting for novices) transport the user through both space and time and across a range of emotions, where challenging or fearful interactions might linger in the shadows. The reverence it commands borders on fearful, the promise of enlightenment and respect for peyote’s power neither dramatized nor undersold.

Pacific Islands

Arguably one of the most mellow entheogens, kava (also known as kava-kava or yaqona , “nourishment of the gods”) is the only substance in this article that’s legal in the United States for use outside of religious contexts. Known for its peacemaking properties across the Pacific Islands, including Hawaii, Vanuatu, and Fiji, kava is an intrinsic part of traditional Polynesian life, used in everything from the sacred to the social. It acts as a mediator or spiritual messenger between people and the Vu , or spirit force—without kava, it’s said, the Vu won’t show up.

The leafy plant’s long, gnarled roots can be fresh or dried then pounded, chewed, or otherwise pulverized to make the opaque, milky drink. It purrs in the belly, stoking an odd mix of tranquility and euphoria while sustaining a sharp mind. Prolonged consumption, however, engulfs the kava drinker in a canopy of mental stillness, a sort of amiable waking sleep. But one needs to approach the kava stupor in the right mindset—like asking it for directions or meditating on a question—to be guided purposely by its warmth.

Oaxaca, Southern Mexico

In the 1950s, a centuries-old Mazatec tradition in Oaxaca trickled through its historic guard and into the mouths of two Americans, who brought word of their “profound” experiences back home in a now-famous Life photo essay. And thus began a widespread, tempestuous affair with psilocybin mushrooms, the psychedelic fungi that Timothy Leary so famously championed for its psychological and religious properties in the Harvard Psilocybin Project and beyond.

In its unadulterated form, the Mazatec custom, which is shared by other pre-Columbian Mesoamerican peoples, serves a medicinal purpose, healing physical, mental, and ethical maladies. Like ayahuasca and peyote, the mushrooms are honored for their capacity to guide users beyond their prescribed realities, to break open convention and incite perspective, introducing novel conduits for compassion and empathy for both themselves and the world. The sacred ritual is communal in Mazatec practice, the mushrooms bathed in smoke from copal incense then eaten two at a time to represent the duality and power of the unified sexes. Together, participants share the darkness and silence of a hut, the shaman the group’s designated voice, a channel through which the mushrooms issue their chatter—and as it happens, they have a lot to say.

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Encyclopedia of Tourism pp 1–3 Cite as

Alcohol and Drug Tourism

• Rachel F. Giraudo 3 &
• David Picard 4  
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Humans have consumed psychoactive substances for millennia, whether for social, spiritual, medicinal, or other practical purposes. Alcohol and drugs, two forms of psychoactive substances, have long been associated with travel and tourism, both being consumed while on tour and even being the draw of tourists to particular destinations. Drugs are technically substances that through their consumption elicit a psychoactive response in the body’s nervous system. This is a broad understanding that includes alcohol, tobacco, caffeine, and medications. For instance, alcohol, a drink usually made from fermented grains or fruit, contains ethanol, a chemical that enables intoxication. However, the social connotation of “drugs” generally refers to substances deemed deviant and whose consumers face some form of stigmatization, especially if the drugs in question are legally prohibited.

In the social sciences, two approaches emerge in the understanding of psychoactive substances: a phenomenological...

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Andrews, H. 2011. The British on holiday: Charter tourism, identity and consumption . Vol. 28. Bristol: Channel View Publications.

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D’Andrea, A. 2007. Global nomads: Techno and new age as transnational countercultures in Ibiza and Goa . Abingdon: Routledge.

Picard, D., C.N. Moreira, and T. Loloum. 2018. Wine magic: Consumer culture, tourism, and terroir. Journal of Anthropological Research 74 (4): 526–540.

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Uriely, N., and Y. Belhassen. 2005. Drugs and tourists’ experiences. Journal of Travel Research 43 (3): 238–246.

Winkelman, M. 2005. Drug tourism or spiritual healing? Ayahuasca seekers in Amazonia. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 37 (2): 209–218.

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Giraudo, R.F., Picard, D. (2023). Alcohol and Drug Tourism. In: Jafari, J., Xiao, H. (eds) Encyclopedia of Tourism. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01669-6_726-1

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Cannabis tourism: how a new travel trend is taking off

Senior Lecturer in International Tourism Management, Swansea University

Disclosure statement

Michael O'Regan does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

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Legal cannabis consumption rose in the US and Europe during the COVID pandemic, with some people turning to marijuana to help them cope with lockdowns and broken routines . Meanwhile, fewer people today view the drug as harmful compared to previous decades.

You can listen to more articles from The Conversation, narrated by Noa, here .

These factors may have contributed to a trend towards cannabis-related tourism, with destinations developing new holiday products to tempt customers, and rising travel bookings to destinations where cannabis is legal . But there are risks for both destinations and tourists in embracing this trend.

Work by MMGY Travel Intelligence found 29% of leisure travellers are interested in cannabis-related tourism. A study by the Dutch government revealed that 58% of international tourists choose Amsterdam in order to consume drugs. And business in Dutch coffee shops has increased since the start of the pandemic.

Nine months after Illinois legalised recreational cannabis in January 2020, nearly 30% of purchases were by non-residents. Thailand has just announced it has legalised cannabis and is hoping this will boost tourism.

The tourism sector and specific destinations have reacted quickly to the demand for cannabis, hemp and CBD-related products by designing experiences that include those elements. They are also responding to the expected economic potential related to increased hotel occupancy , tax revenues, increased land values, business expansion, jobs and public health and safety benefits that could be connected to cannabis sales.

Yet although tourism to other destinations with legalised cannabis is growing in popularity , data is only beginning to be collected. And so far no destination is ready to be labelled as the “ next Amsterdam ”.

Big potential

While cannabis-related travellers are believed to be high spending and well educated , authorities don’t want to replicate the Dutch model, which led to massive concentration of cannabis coffee shops in Amsterdam and raised concerns over hard drug use and criminality .

New business models are focusing on agri-tourism (meet-the-farmer sessions) and culinary tourism and events such as cannabis festivals . Tourists can choose from farm tours , “ bud and breakfast ” hotels, city tours , cannabis festivals , cannabis trails , food, wine and marijuana pairings , “ganja yoga ”, and packages that combine accommodation and cannabis experiences .

The potential for cannabis tourism is widespread around the world. More than 19 US states and Washington DC have now legalised recreational cannabis, along with Canada , Mexico , Uruguay and others . In Europe, Luxembourg allows the consumption of personally cultivated cannabis, while Switzerland is trialling cannabis sales from pharmacies for recreational purposes.

Malaysia and Thailand have made initial steps towards legalising recreational use. Costa Rica and Morocco have also approved legalisation for medicinal purposes.

Risks for tourists

However, few countries have clarified the legality of cannabis use by tourists with legislation directed at recreational use by residents. This means tourists risk breaking the law unintentionally , by interacting with street dealers and police as well as the health implications of consuming real and fake drugs .

There is some evidence cannabis can improve some mental health conditions and provide pain relief . But tourists with pre-existing mental health disorders, for example, may risk their physical and psychological wellbeing . Cannabis-related mental health events including depression can also occur among those who have not been diagnosed with mental health issues.

A patchwork of complicated laws and regulations regarding recreational cannabis use by overseas tourists means questions remain about the legality of consumption, the transport of cannabis vape pens overseas as well as issues of insurance cover and health care, during and after travel.

While Uruguay is planning to allow consumption by tourists, countries like Portugal, where cannabis has been decriminalised since 2001, still doesn’t allow them to buy it legally. In Spain, cannabis clubs allow visitors to donate to the club instead of purchasing a product. But Spain and other large markets like South Africa are focused on domestic cannabis tourism rather than international visitors.

Read more: Marijuana: 4 essential reads on the uses, effects and potential of cannabis

Few countries have carried out a cost-benefit analysis around legal cannabis and tourism, or fully discussed issues of land and water use, police powers and benefits to local communities. While cannabis tourism can generate tourism and jobs, and reduce the power of organised crime, the goal of sustainable development is threatened by theft, racism, and a market stacked against small local operators who often can not secure funding or insurance. There are also possible increases in pollution and public health and safety concerns .

Mexico and Canada have promised funding for indigenously owned businesses to aid social and racial equality, while New York plans to create a US$200 million (£162 million) public-private fund to support social equity goals. Resident support , and continual conversations with communities on how to plan the sustainable development of cannabis tourism should be a vital part of development of the sector.

While it appears that the COVID pandemic helped stimulate and legitimise the use of marijuana, with dispensaries declared an essential service in parts of the US during the pandemic, tourism could expand and normalise acceptance of its use.

Perceived risks may fade and and tourist guilt may dissipate. Cannabis tourism is likely to become just another segment of the holiday industry.

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Drugs and Tourists’ Experiences

2005, Journal of Travel Research

This study investigates the nature of drug-related tourist experiences from a phenomenological perspective. Based on 30 in-depth interviews with drug tourists and additional ethnographic data collected at various destinations of drug tourism, the empirical analysis yields four relevant insights: (1) drug-related tourist experiences are heterogeneous in nature and might involve either a pursuit of mere pleasure or a quest for profound and meaningful experiences; (2) for those who consume drugs for pleasure, the tourist experience is an intensified extension of their leisure routine; (3) the usage of drugs while traveling is not necessarily a form of escape from the reality of everyday life; and (4) the search for meaningful tourist experiences through drugs might involve the tourist’s attempt to engage in either “authentic” aspects of the local culture or drug-related subcultures.

Related Papers

Tourism Geographies

Carter Hunt

Despite existing in practice, as well as in other social science and policy literature, narcotourism has not appeared in tourism journals, and its full scope remains unarticulated. This paper aims to introduce narcotourism to a broad audience of tourism scholars, provide its conceptual foundations, and guide subsequent tourism scholarship on this topic. Looking beyond writings that have previously focused on the consumption of drugs during travel and tourism experiences, this paper presents a conceptual framework distinguishing six different tourism-related activities encompassed by the term narcotourism: consumption-oriented narcotourism, production-oriented narcotourism, acquisition-oriented narcotourism, dark heritage narcotourism, narcotrafficker tourism, and emulatory narcotourism. This framework describes the hallmark characteristics of each form of narcotourism, identifies linkages between these forms of narcotourism and other areas of tourism scholarship, and concludes by suggesting a future research agenda for narcotourism. Given a long history of association between tourism activities and drug consumption, shifting legal dynamics regarding drug use, insights emerging from related disciplines, and narcotourism's coexistence alongside myriad forms of tourism already explored by tourism scholars, this paper provides a timely foundation for future research on narcotourism within tourism studies.

Ville Mantere

The thesis examines the phenomenon most commonly known as “ayahuasca tourism” – i.e. the practice of westerners traveling to South America and partaking in ceremonies in which a powerful entheogenic brew, ayahuasca, is consumed. While this popular phenomenon has been steadily increasing during the last decades, it has, however, been insufficiently studied by scholars. An important question which has not been properly addressed in earlier studies is how ayahuasca tourism relates to the wider occurrence of travel and how it should be perceived with reference to the theoretical frameworks on the subject of travel. Drawing on theories regarding pilgrimage and tourism, the main purpose of this thesis is to examine the relationship between ayahuasca tourism and the broader spectrum of travel. In particular, the study tests the designations “pilgrimage”, “religious tourism” and “spiritual tourism” with reference to ayahuasca tourism. Utilizing earlier literature as well as ayahuasca tourists‟ reports obtained from an Internet forum as a basis for analysis, I search for a suitable terminology to be used for the phenomenon. The study lays special emphasis on the protagonists‟ motivations, experiences and outcomes in order to take note of various aspects of the wide-ranging occurrence of ayahuasca tourism. Key findings indicate that ayahuasca tourism is best understood as a combination of pilgrimage and tourism. On the basis of the analysis I argue that ayahuasca tourism should be labeled as “pilgrimage” and/or “spiritual tourism”, and the tourists respectively as “pilgrims” and/or “spiritual tourists”. The category of “religious tourism/tourist”, on the other hand, turns out to be an inappropriate designation when describing the phenomenon. In general, through my study I show that the results are consistent with the present trend in the study of travel to perceive pilgrimage and tourism as theoretically similar phenomena. The study of ayahuasca tourism serves thus as living proof of contemporary travel, in which the categories of pilgrimage and tourism are often indistinguishable. I suggest that ayahuasca tourism is by no means exceptional on this point, but can rather be used as an illustration of modern travel forms on a general level. Thus, the present study does not only add to the research of ayahuasca tourism, but also provides additional insights into the study of travel.

Annals of Tourism Research

Yaniv Belhassen

Journal of Heritage Tourism

Paulo Duarte

To consume tourism is to consume experiences. An understanding of the ways in which tourists experience the places and people they visit is therefore fundamental to the study of the consumption of tourism. Consequently, it is not surprising that attention has long been paid in the tourism literature to particular perspectives on the tourist experience, including demand factors, tourist motivation, typologies of tourists and issues related to authenticity, commodification, image and perception. However, as tourism has continued to expand in both scale and scope, and as tourists’ needs and expectations have become more diverse and complex in response to transformations in the dynamic socio-cultural world of tourism, so too have tourist experiences.Tourist Experience provides a focused analysis into tourist experiences that reflect their ever-increasing diversity and complexity, and their significance and meaning to tourists themselves. Written by leading international scholars, it offers new insights into emergent behaviours, motivations and sought meanings on the part of tourists based on five contemporary themes determined by current research activity in tourism experience: dark tourism experiences, experiencing poor places, sport tourism experiences, writing the tourist experience and researching tourist experiences: methodological approaches.The book critically explores these experiences from multidisciplinary perspectives and includes case studies from a wide range of geographical regions. By analyzing these contemporary tourist experiences, the book will provide further understanding of the consumption of tourism. FULL TEXT - http://www.tandfonline.com/eprint/phmz4up3Pvb2YSxJYDkM/full

Yaniv Belhassen , Carla Santos , Natan Uriely

David Picard

Hazel Andrews

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Anthropology

Valerio Simoni

Tourism affects the lives of an increasing number of people across the world and has been growing and diversifying immensely since the turn of the 21st century. Anthropological approaches to tourism have also expanded from the early contributions of the 1970s, which tended to focus on the nature of tourism and its “impact” on peripheral host communities. These first interventions see anthropologists theorizing tourism as a “secular ritual,” studying its workings as a process of “acculturation,” and countering macroeconomic views of tourism’s potential for the economic development of peripheral societies by underscoring instead its neocolonial and imperialist features. Tourism is linked to the exacerbation of center-periphery dependencies, seen as an agent of cultural commoditization and responsible for the promotion and dissemination of stereotypical images of people and places. Moving beyond the impact paradigm, which has the disadvantage of portraying tourism as an external, disembedded, and imposed force on a passive population, constructivist approaches highlight its creative appropriations and integral role in the reinvention of culture and traditions. Anthropologists pay attention to the varied range of actors and agencies involved in tourism, accounting for the multi-scalar dimensions of this phenomenon and the uneven circulation of images, discourses, and resources it engenders. Tourism exerts a powerful global influence on how alterity and difference are framed and understood in the contemporary world and contributes to the valorization and dissemination of particular views of culture, identity, and heritage. Tourism is increasingly intertwined with processes of heritage-making, whose study helps advance anthropological reflections on cultural property, material culture, and the memorialization of the past. A key source of livelihood for a growing number of people worldwide, tourism is also becoming more and more associated with development projects in which applied anthropologists are also enrolled as experts and consultants. The study of the tourism-development nexus continues to be a key area of theoretical innovation and has helped advance anthropological debates on North–South relations, dominant responses to poverty and inequality, and their entanglements with neoliberal forms of governance. Given its diffuse and distributed character, tourism and touristification have been approached as forms of ordering that affect and restructure an ever-growing range of entities, and whose effects are increasingly difficult to tease out from concomitant societal processes. The ubiquitous implementations of tourism policies and projects, the influx of tourists, and the debates, reactions, and resistances these generate underscore, however, the importance of uncovering the ways tourism and its effects are being concretely identified, invoked, acted upon, and confronted by its various protagonists. Research on tourism has the potential to contribute to disciplinary debates on many key areas and notions of concern for anthropology. Culture, ethnicity, identity, alterity, heritage, mobility, labor, commerce, hospitality, intimacy, development, and the environment are among the notions and domains increasingly affected and transformed by tourism. The study of tourism helps understand how such transformations occur, uncovering their features and orientations, while also shedding light on the societal struggles that are at stake in them. The analysis of past and current research shows the scope of the theoretical and methodological debates and of the realms of intervention to which anthropological scholarship on tourism can contribute.

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The Ultimate Guide To Types of Tourism: From Active to Zoological and More

Travel Marketing 101: Everything You Need to Know

Welcome to our ultimate guide to types of tourism! This collection is a comprehensive exploration of the diverse world of travel. 

In this guide, we delve into an extensive array of tourism types, each offering unique experiences and perspectives on the world. From thrill-seekers to animal enthusiasts and more, this guide covers a spectrum that caters to every traveler’s preference and style. 

Our aim is to enlighten both seasoned and novice tourism professionals and providers about the myriad ways people can explore, learn, and interact with different cultures, environments, and communities. 

Join us as we journey through each type of tourism, uncovering the nuances and specialties that make each one distinct and worthwhile.

3 Benefits to Understanding Types of Tourism

3 limitations of tourism typologies, active tourism, adventure tourism, accessible tourism, agritourism, alternative tourism, archaeological tourism, birth tourism, business tourism or mice tourism, bird tourism, coffee tourism, community-based tourism, craft tourism, cruise tourism, culinary tourism or food tourism, cultural tourism, dark tourism, dental tourism, disaster tourism, domestic tourism, drug tourism, educational tourism, enotourism/wine tourism, experiential tourism, extreme tourism, fashion tourism, film tourism, genealogy tourism, halal tourism, health tourism, heritage tourism, honeymoon tourism, industrial tourism, jungle tourism, justice tourism, lgbt tourism, literary tourism, medical tourism, militarism heritage tourism, music tourism, nautical tourism, ocean tourism, photography tourism, political tourism, rail tourism, regenerative tourism, religious tourism, rural tourism, science tourism, senior tourism, sex tourism, slow tourism, slum tourism, snow and ice tourism, space tourism, sports tourism, sustainable tourism, virtual tourism, voluntourism, war tourism, wellness tourism, wildlife tourism, zoological tourism, what other types of tourism are out there, what are the benefits of understanding types of tourism.

As you explore this guide, consider both the benefits and limitations of these tourism types. 

Use them as a lens to view the vast, dynamic landscape of travel, keeping in mind that the real essence of tourism often lies in the unique, unclassifiable experiences that transcend these categories. 

This guide aims to spark ideas, foster understanding, and offer a structured overview while celebrating the diversity and complexity of travel experiences worldwide.

• Identifying Personal Preferences and Destination Offerings – By exploring the different types of tourism, you can better understand what appeals to you as a traveler or what your destination can uniquely offer. This knowledge helps in tailoring travel experiences to personal tastes or in marketing a destination effectively.
• Competitive Analysis – For travel professionals and destination planners, understanding the breadth of tourism types provides a valuable tool for competitive analysis. By seeing what other destinations are doing, you can identify trends, gaps, and opportunities in the market.
• Learning from Successes and Failures – This guide serves as a repository of diverse tourism practices, allowing you to see what works and what doesn’t in different contexts. Such insights are invaluable for refining strategies and offerings in the tourism industry.
• Academic Orientation – While the categorization of tourism types is insightful, it’s important to recognize that this approach can be somewhat academic. The way these categories are defined and discussed may not always align with the more fluid, real-world experiences of travelers and industry practitioners.
• Tourist Self-Identification – Many tourists may not consciously identify with specific tourism labels like “wellness tourism seekers” or “adventure tourists.” Their motivations and behaviors might overlap across several types of tourism, making it challenging to pigeonhole their experiences into a single category.
• Guidelines, Not Rules – Consequently, it’s crucial to view these categories as flexible guidelines rather than rigid classifications. They offer a framework for understanding the broad spectrum of tourism, but they should be adapted and interpreted in the context of real-world experiences and market dynamics.

Now, I would like to begin expanding our list of types of tourism. I would like to give you 5 at a time. For each type of tourism, please give a 4-5 sentence paragraph explaining generally what this type of tourism consists of. Then give 3 bullets of examples from around the world that classify this type of tourism. Does that sound doable?

64 Types of Tourism (and Counting!)

Active tourism is centered around travel experiences that involve physical activities and outdoor adventures. It’s ideal for those who seek an energetic and health-conscious way to explore new destinations. 

This type of tourism includes a range of activities such as hiking tours, cycling tours, and running tours, each offering a unique way to connect with the landscape and culture of a place.

Examples of active tourism :

• Hiking Tours in the Swiss Alps – Trekking through scenic mountain trails and enjoying breathtaking views.
• Cycling Tours in the Loire Valley, France – Exploring picturesque villages and vineyards on bike.
• Run Tours in the Italian Dolomites – Self-guided and guide-led tours through one of the most challenging and dramatic run destinations.

Adventure tourism is characterized by its focus on active, outdoor experiences that often involve an element of risk or physical exertion. It caters to travelers seeking excitement, adrenaline, and exploration in natural or exotic environments. 

This type of tourism usually involves activities like trekking, mountain biking, rock climbing, or water sports. It appeals to those who want to step outside their comfort zone and embrace nature’s challenges.

Examples of Adventure Tourism :

• Trekking in the Himalayas, Nepal – Offering some of the world’s most breathtaking treks, including the famous Everest Base Camp trek.
• White-water Rafting in the Grand Canyon, USA – Navigating the rapids of the Colorado River amidst stunning canyon scenery.
• Safari Adventure in Kruger National Park, South Africa – Experiencing wildlife up close on guided safaris and bush walks.

Accessible tourism ensures travel and tourism opportunities are available to all people, regardless of their physical limitations, disabilities, or age. 

This form of tourism focuses on creating inclusive environments, from transportation to accommodations and attractions, ensuring accessibility for everyone. It’s about removing barriers to travel and embracing a diverse range of travelers.

Examples of accessible tourism :

• Barrier-Free Travel in Berlin, Germany – Known for its accessible public transportation and facilities.
• Accessible Beaches in Gold Coast, Australia – Featuring beach wheelchairs and accessible walkways.
• Disney World, Florida, USA – Offering extensive accessibility options for visitors with various disabilities.

Agritourism, or agricultural tourism, involves visiting a working farm or any agricultural, horticultural, or agribusiness operation to enjoy, be educated, or be involved in activities. 

This type of tourism includes a wide range of activities like fruit picking, farm stays, wine tasting, and learning about rural ways of life. It’s a way for tourists to experience and understand the agricultural landscape and traditions.

Examples of agritourism :

• Wine Tours in Tuscany, Italy – Exploring vineyards and tasting world-class wines.
• Farm Stays in Vermont, USA – Participating in farm activities and enjoying local, farm-to-table meals.
• Tea Plantation Tours in Kerala, India – Witnessing tea production and enjoying scenic plantation walks.

Alternative tourism is an approach that emphasizes travel outside of the conventional mass tourism model. It focuses on smaller groups, less trodden destinations, and experiences that promote environmental sustainability, cultural understanding, and local community engagement. 

This type of tourism often involves eco-friendly practices, cultural immersion, and responsible travel ethics.

Examples of alternative tourism:

• Eco-Lodges in the Amazon Rainforest, Brazil – Providing sustainable accommodation and immersive rainforest experiences.
• Community-based Tourism in Chiang Mai, Thailand – Engaging with local hill tribes and participating in their daily activities.
• Responsible Wildlife Tours in Galapagos Islands, Ecuador – Promoting conservation and responsible interaction with unique wildlife.

Archaeological tourism involves traveling to sites of historical and archaeological significance. It appeals to those interested in the ancient history and civilizations of different cultures. 

Tourists get to explore ruins, artifacts, and museums, often with the guidance of experts to enrich their understanding of the site’s historical context.

Examples of archaeological tourism :

• Pyramids of Giza, Egypt – Exploring one of the most iconic and ancient wonders of the world.
• Machu Picchu, Peru – Visiting the well-preserved ruins of an Incan city set high in the Andes Mountains.
• Roman Colosseum, Italy – Touring the remains of the ancient Roman amphitheater, rich in historical significance.

Birth tourism refers to the practice of traveling to another country for the purpose of giving birth in that country. The primary motivation is often to obtain certain benefits for the child, such as citizenship or access to superior healthcare. 

This type of tourism involves extended stays and often requires considerable planning and understanding of the destination’s legal and medical systems.

Examples of birth tourism :

• Canada and the United States – Popular destinations for birth tourism due to the automatic right to citizenship for children born in these countries.
• Brazil – Known for its high-quality healthcare facilities attracting birth tourists.
• Germany – Offers excellent healthcare and allows children born to foreign parents to apply for citizenship under certain conditions.

Business tourism, also known as corporate or MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, and Exhibitions) tourism, involves travel for business-related purposes. This includes attending conferences, meetings, trade shows, and corporate events. 

It’s a major sector of the tourism industry, often involving high-level logistics and luxury accommodations.

Examples of business tourism/MICE tourism :

• Dubai, UAE – Frequently hosts international business conferences and exhibitions.
• Las Vegas, USA – Known for its large convention centers and hosting major trade shows.
• Singapore – A hub for corporate meetings and international business events in Asia.

Bird tourism, or birding, is a form of natural tourism where individuals travel specifically to observe and study birds in their natural habitat. This type of tourism is popular among wildlife enthusiasts and nature photographers. 

It contributes to conservation efforts and promotes awareness of bird species and their environments.

Examples of bird tourism :

• Costa Rica – Home to a diverse range of bird species, attracting bird watchers from around the world.
• Kruger National Park, South Africa – Offers birding safaris to see African bird species.
• Papua New Guinea – Known for its endemic bird species, including the famous Birds of Paradise.

Coffee tourism centers around visiting coffee plantations, learning about the coffee production process, and tasting various types of coffee. It provides insight into the journey of coffee from bean to cup, including cultivation, harvesting, and roasting. 

This type of tourism is especially popular among coffee enthusiasts and those interested in agritourism. It’s also a way to understand the cultural and economic importance of coffee in different regions.

Examples of coffee tourism :

• Coffee Plantations in Colombia – Exploring the renowned coffee-growing regions and experiencing the rich flavor of Colombian coffee.
• Café Tours in Vienna, Austria – Discovering the historic coffee houses and the city’s coffee culture.
• Coffee Farms in Uganda – A special recommendation from Travel Marketing School’s founder, as he conducted a research project in Uganda, delving into the local coffee industry and its impact on communities.

Community-based tourism focuses on local communities and their cultures, traditions, and daily lives. It’s a form of sustainable tourism that aims to benefit local residents directly, often through immersive cultural experiences. 

This tourism type encourages respectful and meaningful interactions between tourists and host communities.

Examples of community-based tourism :

• Sapa, Vietnam – Visitors engage with local hill tribes and experience traditional lifestyles.
• Masai Mara, Kenya – Offers cultural experiences with the Maasai people, including village tours and traditional dance performances.
• Oaxaca, Mexico – Known for community-based cultural tours, artisan workshops, and local cuisine.

Craft tourism involves traveling to destinations known for unique local crafts and artisanal products. Tourists get the chance to see artisans at work, learn about traditional crafting techniques, and purchase handmade goods. 

This type of tourism supports local artisans and preserves cultural heritage.

Examples of craft tourism :

• Marrakech, Morocco – Famous for its souks with traditional crafts like pottery, leather goods, and textiles.
• Kyoto, Japan – Offers experiences in traditional Japanese crafts such as kimono making and woodworking.
• Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA – Known for Native American and Spanish colonial crafts, including jewelry and pottery.

Cruise tourism involves traveling on cruise ships that offer various on-board amenities and stop at multiple destinations. It’s a unique way to explore different places while enjoying the luxury and entertainment provided on the cruise. 

This type of tourism is popular for its convenience, all-inclusive packages, and the ability to visit multiple locations in a single trip.

Examples of cruise tourism :

• Caribbean Cruises – Known for their scenic island stops and vibrant on-board activities.
• Mediterranean Cruises – Offering a journey through historic ports in countries like Italy, Greece, and Spain.
• Alaskan Cruises – Showcasing stunning glacier views, wildlife, and unique shore excursions.

Culinary tourism, also known as food tourism, involves traveling primarily for experiencing the food and culinary traditions of a particular region. 

This type of tourism is not just about dining out, but also includes activities like food tours, cooking classes, wine tastings, and visiting farmers’ markets. It appeals to those keen on exploring a destination’s culture through its gastronomy.

Examples of culinary tourism or food tourism :

• Bologna, Italy – Known for its rich food culture, including dishes like Bolognese sauce and Parmigiano Reggiano cheese.
• Bangkok, Thailand – Famous for its street food tours offering a taste of authentic Thai cuisine.
• Oaxaca, Mexico – Offers culinary experiences centered around traditional Mexican cuisine, including mole and mezcal tasting.

Cultural tourism involves traveling to experience the culture, traditions, and lifestyle of a particular area. This includes visiting historical sites, festivals, art galleries, theaters, and experiencing local customs. 

Cultural tourists seek to gain an authentic experience and a deeper understanding of the destination’s heritage.

Examples of cultural tourism :

• Kyoto, Japan – Renowned for its temples, traditional tea ceremonies, and Geisha culture.
• Paris, France – Offers a rich cultural experience with its world-famous museums, art galleries, and historical architecture.
• Marrakech, Morocco – Known for its vibrant souks, historic palaces, and Berber culture.

Dark tourism involves visiting sites associated with death, suffering, or tragedy. This controversial form of tourism is often educational and thought-provoking, aiming to commemorate and remember historical events. 

It includes visiting war zones, genocide memorials, disaster sites, and prisons.

Examples of dark tourism :

• Auschwitz-Birkenau, Poland – A former Nazi concentration and extermination camp, now a museum and memorial.
• Chernobyl, Ukraine – Tours to the site of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster.
• Ground Zero, New York, USA – The site of the September 11 attacks, now home to a memorial and museum.

Dental tourism involves traveling abroad for affordable dental care, surgery, or procedures that are more expensive in one’s home country. It’s often combined with the opportunity to vacation and relax during the recovery period. 

This type of tourism is popular due to the cost savings and quality of care available in certain countries.

Examples of dental tourism :

• Bangkok, Thailand – Known for high-quality dental services at a fraction of the cost compared to Western countries.
• Budapest, Hungary – A popular destination for dental care, offering modern clinics and experienced dentists.
• Costa Rica – Attracts dental tourists with its combination of professional dental care and beautiful vacation spots.

Disaster tourism is the practice of visiting locations that have experienced natural or man-made disasters. It can be controversial, but when managed ethically, it can offer educational value and support for the affected communities through tourism revenue. 

This type of tourism includes visiting areas hit by hurricanes, earthquakes, or industrial catastrophes.

Examples of disaster tourism :

• New Orleans, USA – Tours of areas affected by Hurricane Katrina, focusing on the disaster’s impact and recovery efforts.
• Pompeii, Italy – An ancient city preserved in volcanic ash from Mount Vesuvius, offering insights into the life and sudden end of a Roman city.
• Fukushima, Japan – Guided tours in the regions affected by the 2011 tsunami and nuclear disaster, focusing on the impacts and ongoing recovery.

Domestic tourism involves traveling within one’s own country rather than going abroad. This type of tourism allows individuals to explore different regions, cultures, and attractions within their national borders. It’s a way to support local economies and discover the diversity of one’s own country. 

Domestic travel can range from weekend getaways to extended tours and can include a variety of activities like city breaks, countryside excursions, or coastal holidays.

Examples of domestic tourism :

• The Lake District, England – Known for its stunning landscapes, hiking trails, and quaint villages.
• Yellowstone National Park, USA – Attracts visitors with its geothermal features and wildlife.
• Great Ocean Road, Australia – A scenic drive famous for its rugged coastline, including the Twelve Apostles.

Drug tourism refers to travel to a region to obtain or use drugs that are illegal in one’s home country. This controversial type of tourism often involves substances that are culturally or legally accepted in the destination. 

It’s important to approach this topic with an understanding of the legal and ethical implications involved.

Examples of drug tourism :

• Amsterdam, Netherlands – Known for its coffee shops where certain types of cannabis are legally sold and consumed.
• Ayahuasca Retreats in Peru – Offering spiritual experiences with the traditional Ayahuasca brew, often under the guidance of a shaman.
• Certain States in the USA – Where the recreational use of cannabis is legal, attracting tourists from other states or countries.

Ecotourism focuses on responsible travel to natural areas, conserving the environment, and improving the well-being of local people. It emphasizes minimizing the impact of tourism, promoting environmental awareness, and providing direct financial benefits for conservation and community development. 

Ecotourism experiences often include wildlife viewing, nature hikes, and educational activities about local ecosystems.

Examples of ecotourism :

• Costa Rica – A global leader in ecotourism, known for its rainforest tours and conservation efforts.
• The Galapagos Islands, Ecuador – Offers unique wildlife experiences with a strong emphasis on preserving the islands’ delicate ecosystem.
• Kenya – Renowned for its safari experiences in national parks that combine wildlife viewing with conservation efforts.

Educational tourism is travel aimed at acquiring knowledge or learning something new, including student exchanges, study tours, and academic sabbaticals.

This type of tourism can encompass a wide range of subjects, from language learning to cultural studies, and is often facilitated by educational institutions.

Examples of educational tourism :

• Language Schools in Spain – Offering immersive Spanish language learning experiences.
• Historical Tours in Rome, Italy – Focusing on the city’s rich ancient history and architecture.
• Cooking Schools in Thailand – Where tourists learn to cook traditional Thai dishes in a hands-on setting.

Enotourism, or wine tourism, involves visiting vineyards, wineries, wine festivals, and tasting rooms to experience the process of wine production and to taste wines in their natural setting. 

This type of tourism often includes learning about viticulture and winemaking processes, and experiencing the culture and cuisine associated with wine regions.

Examples of enotourism or wine tourism :

• Bordeaux, France – Famous for its wine tours and tastings in renowned vineyards.
• Napa Valley, California, USA – Known for its world-class wineries and beautiful landscapes.
• Tuscany, Italy – Offers picturesque vineyards, wine tastings, and tours of historic wineries.

Experiential tourism focuses on creating immersive experiences for travelers, allowing them to actively engage with the history, people, culture, food, and environment of a destination. Instead of being passive observers, tourists are encouraged to participate actively in the local way of life. 

This type of tourism often involves authentic, hands-on activities that provide a deeper understanding of the local culture.

Examples of experiential tourism :

• Live Like a Local in Bali, Indonesia – Engaging in traditional Balinese daily activities, from rice farming to temple rituals.
• Culinary Classes in France – Learning to cook regional French dishes with local chefs.
• Maori Cultural Experiences in New Zealand – Immersive experiences in Maori history, art, and traditional ceremonies.

Extreme tourism caters to tourists seeking adrenaline-pumping activities and experiences that involve a high level of risk. This type of tourism is for thrill-seekers who enjoy challenging themselves physically and mentally. 

Activities often take place in extreme or unusual environments, from remote wilderness to harsh climates.

Examples of extreme tourism :

• Mount Everest Expeditions, Nepal – Attempting to summit the world’s highest peak.
• Volcano Boarding in Nicaragua – Sliding down the slopes of an active volcano on a specialized board.
• Ice Diving in Antarctica – Exploring underwater environments beneath the ice.

Fashion tourism revolves around traveling to destinations known for their influence in the world of fashion. This includes visiting fashion capitals for events like Fashion Week, exploring famous shopping districts, and attending fashion shows. 

It’s a blend of travel and the love of fashion, style, and shopping.

Examples of fashion tourism :

• Milan Fashion Week, Italy – Attending one of the most prestigious events in the fashion world.
• Shopping in Paris, France – Exploring high-end fashion boutiques in areas like the Champs-Élysées.
• Garment District Tour in New York City, USA – Discovering the heart of America’s fashion industry.

Film tourism involves visiting locations where famous movies or TV shows were filmed. This type of tourism allows fans to connect with their favorite media by seeing and experiencing the actual places featured on screen. 

It includes guided tours of film sets, themed attractions, and visiting iconic locations from popular films.

Examples of film tourism :

• Hobbiton Movie Set, New Zealand – Exploring the filming location of “The Lord of the Rings” and “The Hobbit” trilogies.
• Game of Thrones Tours in Dubrovnik, Croatia – Visiting key filming locations from the popular TV series.
• Harry Potter Studio Tour in London, England – Experiencing the behind-the-scenes of the Harry Potter movie series.

Genealogy tourism, or ancestry tourism, involves individuals traveling to explore their family roots and heritage. This journey often includes visiting ancestral hometowns, exploring archives and libraries, and connecting with distant relatives. 

It’s a personal form of tourism that provides a deeper understanding of one’s family history and cultural background.

Examples of genealogy tourism :

• Visiting Ellis Island, USA – Exploring the gateway for millions of immigrants and searching historical records.
• Ancestral Villages in China – Travelers visit their ancestral villages to learn about family history and participate in traditional customs.
• Genealogy Research in Ireland – Utilizing resources like the National Library of Ireland to trace Irish ancestry and visiting ancestral homes.

Geotourism focuses on the geographical characteristics of a destination, including its culture, aesthetics, heritage, and well-being of its inhabitants. It emphasizes a deep respect and appreciation for the intrinsic natural and cultural features of a place. 

Geotourism often involves exploring unique geological features, landscapes, and local traditions in a sustainable manner.

Examples of geotourism :

• Grand Canyon, USA – Marveling at one of the world’s most renowned geological wonders.
• Icelandic Geothermal Springs – Experiencing geysers, hot springs, and volcanic landscapes.
• The Great Barrier Reef, Australia – Exploring the world’s largest coral reef system, renowned for its vibrant marine life.

Halal tourism caters to Muslim travelers who wish to adhere to their Islamic beliefs while traveling. This includes access to Halal food, prayer facilities, and accommodation that aligns with Islamic practices. 

Halal tourism also often involves experiences that respect Islamic culture and heritage.

Examples of halal tourism :

• Istanbul, Turkey – Offering a rich Islamic heritage, Halal-friendly hotels, and mosques.
• Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia – Known for its Halal culinary scene and Islamic art museums.
• Dubai, UAE – Providing luxury Halal travel experiences, from shopping to accommodation.

Health tourism involves traveling to improve one’s physical or mental health, often including medical treatments, wellness retreats, or fitness programs. 

This type of tourism can range from spa and wellness retreats to undergoing medical procedures or therapies in specialized facilities abroad.

Examples of health tourism :

• Spa Retreats in Bali, Indonesia – Offering holistic wellness experiences, including traditional Balinese treatments.
• Yoga Retreats in Rishikesh, India – Known as the ‘Yoga Capital of the World’, offering a range of yoga and meditation retreats.
• Thermal Baths in Budapest, Hungary – Famous for its thermal springs and spa culture.

Heritage tourism involves visiting sites of historical or cultural significance to understand and appreciate the past. It includes exploring ancient ruins, historical landmarks, museums, and culturally rich neighborhoods. 

This type of tourism is about connecting with the history, traditions, and heritage of a place.

Examples of heritage tourism :

• The Pyramids of Giza, Egypt – Exploring one of the most significant archaeological sites in the world.
• The Historic Center of Rome, Italy – Immersing in the rich history of the Roman Empire.
• The Great Wall of China – Visiting the iconic symbol of China’s historical defense architecture.

Honeymoon tourism caters to newlyweds seeking a romantic and memorable experience post-wedding. It often involves luxury accommodations, picturesque settings, and romantic activities. 

Destinations range from tropical beaches to cozy mountain retreats, tailored to provide an intimate and special experience for couples.

Examples of honeymoon tourism :

• Maldives – Known for its overwater bungalows and idyllic island settings.
• Paris, France – Often dubbed the ‘City of Love’, popular for its romantic ambiance.
• Santorini, Greece – Famous for its stunning sunsets, white-washed buildings, and beautiful beaches.

Industrial tourism involves visiting industrial sites, factories, or other facilities to learn about their history, operations, and contributions to society. This type of tourism offers insight into various industries, from traditional manufacturing to high-tech sectors. 

Visitors get a chance to see how products are made and understand the industrial heritage of a region.

Examples of industrial tourism :

• Boeing Factory Tour, Seattle, USA – Observing the assembly of airplanes in the world’s largest building by volume.
• Guinness Storehouse, Dublin, Ireland – Exploring the history and production of the famous beer.
• BMW Welt, Munich, Germany – Showcasing the brand’s history and offering insights into modern car manufacturing.

Jungle tourism focuses on exploring dense rainforests or jungles, offering an immersive experience in rich, biodiverse environments. This type of tourism often includes guided treks, wildlife watching, and learning about the ecosystem and indigenous cultures. 

It’s popular among nature enthusiasts and adventure seekers.

Examples of jungle tourism :

• Amazon Rainforest, Brazil – Experiencing the world’s largest tropical rainforest and its diverse wildlife.
• Taman Negara, Malaysia – Exploring one of the world’s oldest rainforests with guided jungle treks.
• Madagascar – Visiting unique ecosystems with a vast array of endemic species, from lemurs to exotic plants.

Justice tourism is a form of travel concerned with social justice and human rights. It involves visiting places significant to historical or contemporary struggles for justice and equality. 

This type of tourism aims to educate travelers about issues like poverty, oppression, and civil rights, often involving interactions with local communities.

Examples of justice tourism :

• Robben Island, South Africa – The prison where Nelson Mandela was held, now a symbol of the struggle against apartheid.
• Civil Rights Trail, USA – Visiting key sites of the American Civil Rights Movement.
• Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, Berlin, Germany – Reflecting on the history and impact of the Holocaust.

LGBT tourism caters to members of the LGBT community and is focused on destinations, accommodations, and events that are welcoming and inclusive. This type of tourism includes pride festivals, cruises, and destinations known for their supportive and vibrant LGBT scenes. 

It promotes a safe and open environment for LGBT travelers.

Examples of LGBT tourism :

• San Francisco, USA – Known for its inclusive and vibrant LGBT community and history.
• Amsterdam, Netherlands – Hosting one of the world’s most famous pride parades and offering a welcoming atmosphere.
• Mykonos, Greece – A popular LGBT-friendly island with a lively nightlife and beautiful beaches.

Literary tourism involves visiting locations associated with famous authors, literary works, or literary history. This can include authors’ homes, settings of famous novels, or literary festivals. 

It appeals to book lovers and those interested in the world of literature and storytelling.

Examples of literary tourism :

• Stratford-upon-Avon, England – The birthplace of William Shakespeare, with various related sites and theaters.
• Brontë Parsonage Museum, England – The former home of the Brontë sisters, set in the landscape that inspired their novels.
• Joyce’s Dublin, Ireland – Exploring the city through the lens of James Joyce’s works, particularly “Ulysses.”

Medical tourism involves traveling to another country for medical care, often driven by lower costs, higher quality services, or access to specific treatments not available in one’s home country. 

This can include a wide range of medical services, from elective procedures like cosmetic surgery to complex treatments such as organ transplants or fertility therapy.

Examples of medical tourism :

• Bangkok, Thailand – Renowned for high-quality medical care at affordable prices, especially in cosmetic and reconstructive surgery.
• India – Offers advanced medical treatments like cardiac surgery and orthopedics at competitive prices.
• South Korea – Known for its advanced medical technology, particularly in areas like dermatology and plastic surgery.

Militarism heritage tourism involves visiting sites significant to military history, such as battlefields, war memorials, and military museums. 

This type of tourism is aimed at understanding the historical context of wars and conflicts and honoring the memory of those who served.

Examples of militarism heritage tourism :

• Normandy, France – Visiting the D-Day landing beaches and war cemeteries from World War II.
• Gettysburg, USA – Exploring the site of the pivotal battle in the American Civil War.
• Hiroshima Peace Memorial, Japan – Reflecting on the impact of the atomic bomb and promoting peace.

Music tourism is travel motivated by the love of music, whether it’s visiting famous music destinations, attending concerts and festivals, or exploring the history of certain music genres. 

This type of tourism can include a variety of musical experiences, from classical music concerts to rock festivals.

Examples of music tourism :

• Nashville, USA – Known as the “Music City” and famous for its country music scene and attractions like the Grand Ole Opry.
• Vienna, Austria – Celebrated for its classical music heritage and venues like the Vienna State Opera.
• New Orleans, USA – Renowned for its jazz music, lively music festivals, and vibrant street performances.

Nautical tourism encompasses activities and experiences related to sailing and boating. This can include yacht chartering, sailing regattas, and visiting maritime museums. 

Nautical tourism is popular among those who enjoy the sea and water-based activities.

Examples of nautical tourism :

• Greek Islands Yacht Tour – Exploring the Aegean Sea and visiting various Greek islands by boat.
• Croatian Coastline – Offering sailing experiences along its scenic Adriatic coast.
• Monaco Yacht Show – One of the most prestigious nautical events showcasing luxury yachting.

Ocean tourism focuses on activities and experiences in and around the ocean. This includes a wide range of water-based activities such as scuba diving, snorkeling, ocean kayaking, and whale watching. 

It’s ideal for those who wish to explore marine life and oceanic environments.

Examples of ocean tourism :

• Great Barrier Reef, Australia – World-famous for scuba diving and snorkeling, showcasing an array of marine life.
• Whale Watching in Maui, Hawaii – Offering opportunities to see humpback whales in their natural habitat.
• Surfing in Bali, Indonesia – Known for its excellent surfing spots and vibrant marine life.

Photography tourism caters to those who travel specifically to capture photographs of scenic, cultural, or unique subjects. This can include wildlife photography safaris, visits to picturesque landscapes, or urban photography tours. 

It’s ideal for both amateur and professional photographers looking to expand their portfolios with diverse and compelling images.

Examples of photography tourism :

• Iceland – Popular for capturing natural phenomena like the Northern Lights and dramatic landscapes.
• Masai Mara, Kenya – A prime destination for wildlife photography, especially during the Great Migration.
• Paris, France – Offering classic urban photography opportunities with iconic landmarks like the Eiffel Tower.

Political tourism involves traveling to sites of significant political interest, including historical landmarks, political institutions, or locations known for political events. 

This type of tourism is aimed at those interested in political history, activism, or contemporary political scenes.

Examples of political tourism :

• Washington D.C., USA – Visiting the U.S. Capitol, White House, and various political memorials.
• Berlin, Germany – Exploring sites like the Berlin Wall and Reichstag building, rich in political history.
• Beijing, China – Home to the Forbidden City and Tiananmen Square, significant in Chinese political history.

Rail tourism is centered around journeys on trains, offering a unique way to view landscapes and explore regions. This can range from luxury train experiences to scenic rail routes that traverse through picturesque countryside, mountains, or coastal areas. 

It appeals to those who enjoy the romance and nostalgia of train travel.

Examples of rail tourism :

• Trans-Siberian Railway, Russia – One of the world’s longest train journeys, crossing diverse landscapes from Moscow to Vladivostok.
• The Ghan, Australia – A coast-to-coast rail journey across the Australian continent, from Darwin to Adelaide.
• Glacier Express, Switzerland – Renowned for its panoramic views of the Swiss Alps.

Regenerative tourism goes beyond sustainability, aiming to leave a place better than it was found. This approach involves engaging in travel practices that restore and enhance the environment, local culture, and community well-being. 

It’s about creating a positive impact and contributing to the regeneration of the ecosystems and communities visited.

Examples of regenerative tourism :

• Reforestation Projects in the Amazon Rainforest, Brazil – Participating in efforts to replant and restore parts of the rainforest.
• Cultural Preservation Programs in Bali, Indonesia – Supporting initiatives that maintain and rejuvenate traditional Balinese arts and crafts.
• Ecosystem Restoration Camps, Various Locations – Joining camps that focus on restoring degraded landscapes and promoting ecological health.

Religious tourism, or pilgrimage, involves traveling to religious sites, temples, churches, or regions significant to specific faiths. 

This type of tourism can be a spiritual journey or a way to explore the historical and cultural aspects of different religions.

Examples of religious tourism :

• Mecca, Saudi Arabia – The holiest city in Islam, visited by millions of Muslims for the Hajj pilgrimage.
• Vatican City – Attracting millions of Christian pilgrims and tourists to St. Peter’s Basilica and the Sistine Chapel.
• Varanasi, India – One of the oldest and most sacred cities in Hinduism, famous for its ghats and temples.

Rural tourism focuses on visiting rural areas to experience and understand the rural lifestyle, culture, and traditions. It often involves staying in villages, farmhouses, or homestays, and participating in activities like hiking, local crafts, and agriculture. 

This type of tourism is popular among those seeking a tranquil and authentic experience away from urban centers.

Examples of rural tourism :

• Tuscany, Italy – Known for its picturesque countryside, vineyards, and traditional farm stays.
• Shirakawa-go, Japan – Offers a unique experience in traditional thatched-roof villages.
• Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, USA – Provides insight into the Amish lifestyle and culture.

Science tourism is centered around visiting sites of scientific interest, such as observatories, science museums, and research facilities. It appeals to those interested in learning about various scientific fields, from astronomy to geology. 

This type of tourism often includes educational tours and interactive experiences designed to enhance understanding of scientific principles and discoveries.

Examples of science tourism :

• CERN, Switzerland – Touring the world’s largest particle physics laboratory.
• Kennedy Space Center, Florida, USA – Exploring NASA’s launch complex and space exploration exhibits.
• Galapagos Islands, Ecuador – Known for their unique biodiversity, offering insights into evolutionary biology.

Senior tourism caters to older travelers, often offering tailored travel experiences that are accessible and comfortable for them. This can include cultural tours, cruise trips, and leisure destinations with a focus on health, relaxation, and low-impact activities. 

Senior tourism prioritizes ease of access, quality of services, and opportunities for social interaction.

Examples of senior tourism :

• Cruise trips in the Mediterranean – Providing accessible and leisurely travel experiences with stops at historical cities.
• Health resorts in Baden-Baden, Germany – Offering therapeutic spa treatments in a serene environment.
• Cultural tours in Japan – Guided tours with a focus on comfort and accessibility, exploring traditional Japanese culture.

Sex tourism involves traveling to engage in sexual activities, often with commercial sex workers. This controversial and often illegal form of tourism raises significant ethical and legal concerns. 

It’s important to approach this topic with an understanding of the legal, social, and human rights implications involved.

Examples of sex tourism :

• Bangkok, Thailand – Known for its red-light districts, though this aspect is controversial and subject to legal and ethical scrutiny.
• Amsterdam, Netherlands – Notable for its legalized and regulated Red Light District, though the city has been taking measures to address issues related to sex tourism.
• Nevada, USA – Certain areas in Nevada have legal brothels, though this is a highly regulated industry.

Slow tourism emphasizes taking time to enjoy and experience the destination deeply rather than trying to see everything in a rush. It’s about immersing oneself in the local culture, environment, and way of life, often involving longer stays, and sustainable and mindful travel practices.

Examples of slow tourism :

• Canal Boating in France – Exploring the countryside at a leisurely pace through its network of canals.
• Walking tours in Tuscany, Italy – Enjoying the landscape, cuisine, and culture at a relaxed pace.
• Stay in a Ryokan, Japan – Experiencing traditional Japanese hospitality and culture in a serene setting.

Slum tourism involves visiting impoverished urban areas to see firsthand the life of residents in these communities. While it can raise awareness about poverty and social issues, it also raises ethical concerns about exploitation and voyeurism. 

Responsible slum tourism should focus on respectful engagement and supporting local communities.

Examples of slum tourism :

• Dharavi, Mumbai, India – Guided tours that aim to break stereotypes and highlight the industriousness of the community.
• Township tours in South Africa – Visits to townships with a focus on cultural exchange and understanding the local history and social challenges.
• Favela tours in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil – Offering insights into the vibrant culture and community resilience in favelas.

Snow and ice tourism is all about travel experiences in cold and snowy environments. This type of tourism is popular for winter sports enthusiasts and those who enjoy the beauty of snowy landscapes. 

Activities include skiing, snowboarding, ice skating, and visiting ice hotels or festivals.

Examples of snow and ice tourism :

• Skiing in Aspen, Colorado, USA – Offering world-class ski resorts and winter sports facilities.
• Ice Hotel Stay in Jukkasjärvi, Sweden – Experiencing unique accommodation entirely made of ice and snow.
• Harbin Ice Festival, China – Visiting one of the world’s largest ice and snow sculpture festivals.

Space tourism represents the cutting-edge of travel, offering civilians the opportunity to experience space. This emerging type of tourism includes suborbital flights that provide a few minutes of weightlessness and an incredible view of Earth from space. 

It’s a frontier for wealthy adventurers and science enthusiasts.

Examples of space tourism :

• Virgin Galactic – Offering suborbital spaceflights for tourists.
• SpaceX – Developing orbital space tourism missions.
• International Space Station – Proposed private visits facilitated by companies like Axiom Space.

Sports tourism involves traveling to participate in or observe sporting events. This includes international competitions like the Olympics, marathons, football matches, or golf tournaments. 

Sports tourism appeals to fans and athletes alike, offering them a chance to experience the excitement and camaraderie of sports in different locales.

Examples of sports tourism :

• FIFA World Cup, Various Locations – Attending one of the most prestigious and widely-viewed sports events in the world.
• Boston Marathon, USA – Participating or spectating in one of the oldest annual marathons.
• The Masters Golf Tournament, Augusta, USA – Observing one of the four major championships in professional golf.

Sustainable tourism focuses on traveling in a way that minimizes environmental impact and promotes conservation while benefiting local communities. 

It involves responsible travel practices, supporting eco-friendly accommodations, and participating in activities that respect local culture and the environment.

Examples of sustainable tourism :

• Eco-lodges in Costa Rica – Staying in accommodations dedicated to conservation and sustainability.
• Community-based Eco Tours in Kenya – Participating in wildlife safaris that support conservation efforts and community development.
• Responsible Trekking in Nepal – Following eco-friendly practices and supporting local Sherpa communities.

Virtual tourism offers the experience of visiting a place through digital means, such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), or online tours. It’s a way to explore destinations from home, making travel accessible to those unable to travel physically. 

Virtual tours can cover historic sites, museums, natural wonders, and more.

• Virtual Reality Tours of the Louvre, France – Exploring the world-famous museum from the comfort of home.
• Online Guided Tours of the Great Wall of China – Experiencing one of the world’s most iconic landmarks digitally.
• Augmented Reality Experiences of Rome’s Ancient Sites – Using AR technology to see historical ruins in their original glory.

Voluntourism combines travel with volunteering for a cause, typically involving work towards environmental conservation, education, or community development. 

While it allows travelers to contribute to positive change, it’s important to choose programs that genuinely benefit the local community and environment.

Examples of voluntourism :

• Teaching English in Rural Schools, Nepal – Assisting in educational institutions in underprivileged areas.
• Marine Conservation in the Great Barrier Reef, Australia – Participating in coral reef restoration and research projects.
• Community Building Projects – Helping construct basic infrastructure like schools and healthcare facilities.

War tourism involves visiting sites significant to wartime history, such as battlefields, war memorials, and museums. 

It’s a form of tourism that seeks to understand the history of conflicts and honor the memories of those who fought in them.

Examples of war tourism :

• Vietnam War Sites, Vietnam – Exploring locations like the Cu Chi Tunnels and War Remnants Museum.
• Normandy Beaches, France – Visiting WWII D-Day landing sites and memorials.
• Somme Battlefields, France – Touring sites and cemeteries from one of the largest battles of the First World War.

Wellness tourism is centered around health and well-being, offering activities and experiences that promote physical, mental, and spiritual health. This type of tourism often includes spa retreats, yoga and meditation workshops, fitness programs, and holistic wellness therapies.

Examples of wellness tourism :

• Yoga Retreats in Rishikesh, India – Engaging in yoga and meditation in the birthplace of yoga.
• Thermal Spas in Iceland – Relaxing in natural hot springs surrounded by unique landscapes.
• Wellness Resorts in Bali, Indonesia – Participating in holistic wellness programs in a serene, tropical setting.

Wildlife tourism involves traveling to observe and interact with animals in their natural habitats. It’s a way for tourists to experience wildlife up close while promoting conservation and awareness of biodiversity. 

Activities can include safaris, wildlife sanctuaries, and bird watching.

Examples of wildlife tourism :

• African Safaris, Kenya or Tanzania – Experiencing the diverse wildlife of the African savannah, including the “Big Five.”
• Gorilla Trekking in Rwanda and Uganda – Encountering mountain gorillas in their natural rainforest habitat.
• Penguin Colonies in Antarctica – Observing penguins and other Antarctic wildlife in one of the most remote areas of the world.

Zoological tourism focuses on visiting zoos, aquariums, and wildlife parks where visitors can see and learn about various animal species. 

This form of tourism is educational, often highlighting conservation efforts and providing insights into animal behavior and habitats.

Examples of zoological tourism :

• San Diego Zoo, USA – Known for its vast variety of species and conservation efforts.
• Singapore Zoo, Singapore – Offering an immersive experience with its open-concept enclosures and diverse wildlife.
• Monterey Bay Aquarium, USA – Renowned for its marine life exhibits and ocean conservation education.

Have we missed any types of tourism that you think should be included on this list? Are there other examples you’d like to share? Send us a message and let us know what else should be included on this list.

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• National Media Release

CBP Announces Next Phase in Fight Targeting Criminals Funneling Fentanyl into American Communities

NOGALES , AZ – U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) today announced that it will lead an expanded, multi-agency effort to target the transnational criminals funneling fentanyl from Mexico into American communities. Operation Plaza Spike targets the cartels that facilitate the flow of deadly fentanyl, as well as its analogs and precursors and tools to make the drugs. It is designed to disrupt operations in the “plazas,” cartel territories located directly south of the United States that are natural logistical chokepoints within the cartels’ operations. This is the next phase in CBP’s Strategy to Combat Fentanyl and Other Synthetic Drugs , a whole-of-government and international effort to anticipate, identify, mitigate, and disrupt illicit synthetic drug producers, suppliers, and traffickers.

Operation Plaza Spike will employ multiple tactics, including seizing illicit proceeds and scrutinizing related cross-border business entities and cross-border trade. Operation Plaza Spike includes releasing the name of the plazas’ senior ranking cartel officials, the “plaza bosses,” to increase public and law enforcement pressure on them. Plaza bosses control and profit from all illicit activity through the plaza – extortion, kidnapping, as well as the smuggling of humans, dangerous drugs, and firearms. CBP will leverage partnerships, authorities, and resources of other government agencies in our efforts to gather intelligence, disrupt and degrade illicit operations, and deliver legal consequences.

“So long as fentanyl and other illicit opioids wreak tragedy across American communities, the men and women of the Department of Homeland Security will remain unrelenting in their work stopping these deadly drugs from hitting our streets and taking lives,” said Secretary of Homeland Security Alejandro N. Mayorkas. “Operation Plaza Spike is a critical step in our ongoing whole-of-Department campaign to directly attack the transnational criminal organizations that peddle narcotics, death, and destruction for profit. We are sparing no effort to dismantle cartels and ensure everyone from kingpins to plaza bosses are brought to justice.”

CBP’s first target is the Nogales Plaza, located directly south of the border crossing at Nogales, Arizona. Sergio Valenzuela Valenzuela, aka Gio, the Nogales Plaza boss, was indicted by a federal grand jury in 2018 for his role as a Sinaloa Cartel Plaza Boss .

“We are entering the next phase in our fight against fentanyl: one where we are going after the plaza bosses, whose organizations are responsible for virtually everything that is smuggled into the United States. By targeting them for enforcement action, we can directly impact their operations and ability to traffic fentanyl into the United States, which makes its way into communities all across the country,” said Troy A. Miller, CBP Senior Official Performing the Duties of the Commissioner. “Sergio Valenzuela Valenzuela is the first plaza boss that we target, but he won’t be the last. Just as the men and women of CBP are steadfast in the fight against fentanyl - will be unrelenting in our pursuit of those people and organizations that threaten the safety and security of our people and our country.”

Valenzuela Valenzuela and his organization allegedly are responsible for moving thousands of pounds of fentanyl to the U.S. border. Nearly every day, CBP officers intercept fentanyl headed from Valenzuela Valenzuela’s plaza northbound through CBP ports of entry onward to cities across the United States.

Operation Plaza Spike is just the latest effort by CBP, an agency of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), as part of this Administration’s efforts to stem the flow illicit opioids, including fentanyl, and cracking down on the Transnational Criminal Organizations (TCOs) that traffic them. Through a whole-of-government effort, the Department has stopped more illicit fentanyl and arrested more individuals for fentanyl-related crimes in the last two fiscal years than in the previous five years combined.

CBP is also in the midst of Operation Apollo, and announced today that it will expand into Arizona to continue gathering and utilizing intelligence, and focusing on state and local partnerships to interdict fentanyl. Operation Apollo was launched by CBP in Southern California in October 2023 as a counter-fentanyl joint operation. CBP has evaluated the successes and lessons learned from Operation Apollo, and Operation Apollo – Arizona is now replicating it within the Arizona corridor, integrating all local law enforcement resources in Arizona to interdict finished fentanyl products, illicit precursor chemicals, adulterants, pill press equipment, illicit proceeds, and weapons.

In addition to CBP’s efforts to target operations that move fentanyl north, as well as guns south, CBP will be leveraging partnerships, authorities, and resources of other government agencies.

In 2023, DEA seized a record 79.5 million fentanyl pills and nearly 12,000 pounds of fentanyl powder. Throughout Arizona the DEA Phoenix Field Division seized more than 42 million fentanyl pills last year.

“Fentanyl is the deadliest drug threat our nation has ever faced. The men and women of DEA are relentlessly focused on saving lives by defeating the two cartels responsible for the majority of fentanyl and methamphetamine poisoning our communities – the Sinaloa and Jalisco cartels.” said DEA Administrator Anne Milgram . “DEA proactively investigates cartel members and associates, like Sergio Valenzuela Valenzuela, who allegedly oversee the transportation and distribution of these deadly drugs while interagency partners, like U.S. Customs and Border Protection, interdict shipments at the border before they enter our country. These partnerships ensure those responsible face justice for their crimes.”

As a collaborative partner, HSI will leverage its abilities, ample customs authorities, and investigative capabilities to continue to look at the TCOs supply and distribution chains, while taking dangerous, destructive, and deadly drugs off our streets together with the violence that comes with the illicit activities of these criminal enterprises. HSI Arizona has dedicated groups of special agents assigned to combat drug and human smuggling as well as southbound weapons and bulk cash smuggling.

“HSI stands at the ready to continue dedicating our resources, unique customs authorities and investigative capabilities toward joining our federal partners in not only disrupting the trafficking of lethal drugs into our country but capturing and prosecuting the plaza bosses who profit from poisoning our communities,” said HSI Countering Transnational Organized Crime Assistant Director Ricardo Mayoral . “We will leverage the combined strength of our partnered efforts to relentlessly pursue, disrupt and dismantle one of the most prolific and violent cartels in the world.”

With the launch of its updated Fentanyl Strategy CBP Strategy to Combat Fentanyl and Other Synthetic Drugs Report in fall 2023, CBP has continued to look at innovative ways to stop fentanyl trafficking. The agency continues to utilize its unique authorities and resources as the nation’s border security agency to lead the whole-of-government approach to dismantling the means and methods of the production and distribution of fentanyl and other synthetic opioids, in addition to its historic target of interdicting narcotics at the border of the United States.

CBP officials have previously targeted fentanyl interdictions along the southwest border of the United States during Operation Blue Lotus, Four Horsemen, and Rolling Wave as well as precursors and production materials used to make fentanyl during Operation Artemis . With this latest operation, CBP is utilizing another avenue to disrupt the networks that create and distribute these drugs.

CBP and DEA are also calling on the public to provide any relevant information they may have about Sergio Valenzuela Valenzuela, his movements, his associates, and his operation. Tips can be provided anonymously by calling or texting 619-540-6912 via phone, Telegram, WhatsApp and Signal. Information can also be submitted through Snapchat at narcos_tips or by using the Threema ID: 2VBZFZTY.

For more information about CBP’s efforts to combat fentanyl and other synthetic drugs, visit CBP Strategy to Combat Fentanyl and Other Synthetic Drugs Report .

Operation Plaza Spike press conference: https://www.dvidshub.net/video/918681/operation-plaza-spike-press-conference

U.S. Customs and Border Protection is the unified border agency within the Department of Homeland Security charged with the comprehensive management, control, and protection of our nation’s borders, combining customs, immigration, border security, and agricultural protection at and between official ports of entry.