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Unable to resolve IP address in Safari due to auto "WWW" insert

I can't access my Extender by typing its IP address. Each time, Safari adds www as prefix and shows a blank page saying: Safari Can't Open the Page....!

I have MacBook Pro with MacOS Ventura version 13.2.1

[Re-Titled by Moderator]

MacBook Pro 15″, macOS 13.2

Posted on Feb 26, 2023 1:13 PM

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Feb 27, 2023 9:14 AM in response to John Galt

Issue resolved. Actually I was typing the wrong IP address of Extender. Found out the correct IP from my modem DHCP Information. Just typed the correct IP address straight away and I was on the admin login page of my Extender. 😊

Feb 27, 2023 9:41 AM in response to FlyingArrow

Feb 26, 2023 1:49 PM in response to FlyingArrow

Type http:// before the IP address.

Feb 27, 2023 12:12 AM in response to John Galt

Nope. It did not work

Feb 27, 2023 4:29 AM in response to FlyingArrow

It should. Confirm its IP address is correct by attempting to ping that address.

Change DNS Settings & Speed Up Safari

• 1 What is a DNS Server and what does a DNS server do?
• 2.1 Configure DNS settings
• 3 How to customize iPhone DNS settings

What is a DNS Server and what does a DNS server do?

DNS is short for Domain Name System and a DNS server connects URLs with the correct IP addresses and vice versa. Many Internet Service Providers (ISPs), like Verizon or AT&T, lack proper and fast name resolution services and employ their own servers. A DNS server’s purpose is to resolve domain names to numeric IP addresses to be understood by your network stack. Don’t worry, we won’t get too technical on you, but it is advantageous to understand that DNS servers can be fast or slow and that this will impact your web browsing experience. Therefore depending on the DNS server you can improve your Safari speed. Just change your DNS server on iPhone and you’ll browse faster.

How to change DNS settings on iPhone

Changing your DNS server settings can be done on the settings page of your current Wi-Fi network. Open up the “Settings” and select “Wi-Fi”. Tap the blue “i” symbol next to your currently connected Wi-Fi network, which would be the one with a checkmark. This will take you to the detailed settings.

Hint: DNS settings can only be changed for Wi-Fi connections , not for the cellular/mobile data!

The detail page of your current Wi-Fi network should display your IP address, subnet mask, router and once you scroll down you should see “Configure DNS” under the heading “DNS” and next to “Configure DNS” it probably says “Automatic” .

Configure DNS settings

Tap “Configure DNS” to customize the content of this field. On the next page you should see the options “Automatic” and “Manual” and numerical values in the “DNS Server” section.

Tap “Manual” to alter the DNS settings on iPhone. Now tap “Add Server” and enter either the Cloudflare DNS 1.1.1.1 or the Google DNS 8.8.8.8 , some say Cloudflare is even faster than the Google DNS server in DNS 1.1.1.1 reviews . We can recommend the following servers for maximum speed:

• Cloudflare:  1.1.1.1
• Google DNS: 8.8.8.8
• Google DNS: 8.8.4.4

How to customize iPhone DNS settings

Before you just delete the other DNS servers note that once you delete your Home Wi-Fi DNS settings, your iPhone will no longer recognize your home Wi-Fi network. So the best way to go about it is to first take a screenshot or copy the original settings down. Now delete the older settings, add the new DNS server and re-enter the old DNS settings underneath. This way you just alter the order of your DNS servers without deleting any. After you changed the DNS settings on iPhone, your original iPhone DNS settings will now act as a backup as soon as the Google DNS or Cloudflare DNS servers are not performing correctly.

This way you can also enter more than one new DNS server and this will optimize reliability and performance of your DNS settings on iPhone.

If you feel like not only your iPhone’s internet performance has gone down , more like your entire i Phone performs slowly you might want to clean up your iPhone storage or if this does not work check for spyware on iPhone .

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How do I get rid of an extra www. in a specific web address?

When I type in a specific web address my browser automatically adds another www. in front of it. So the address ends up looking like this:

www.www.example.net

How do I get this to stop? I have Windows 10.

• 3 What browser are you using? Does it happen in other browsers too? –  LPChip Commented Jun 17, 2017 at 19:52
• 7 dont type www, just type lovebetterlife.com. I haven't typed www in over 10 years. –  Moab Commented Jun 17, 2017 at 20:21
• 5 @Moab Not every website will adhire to not using www. I don't do it often, but I've found a few where it doesn't work without –  LPChip Commented Jun 17, 2017 at 20:31
• 1 I have lived without it for a long time. –  Moab Commented Jun 17, 2017 at 20:36
• 3 Any web address or there is one in particular with this problem? If it is only one particular address that gives you this problem and virtually no other, then chances are, this is some redirection bug in the web site pointed by that address. –  Theraot Commented Jun 17, 2017 at 23:50

Internet Explorer

• Open Internet Explorer
• Internet Options
• General tab
• Languages button.
• In the new box which opens, check the Do not add www to the beginning of typed addresses.
• Click OK/Apply and exit.

Google Chrome

• Go to Settings
• Show advanced settings
• Uncheck the box saying Use a prediction service to help complete searches and URLs typed in the address bar or the app launcher search box.
• Open Firefox
• type about:config in the address bar and hit Enter .
• Search for browser.fixup.alternate .
• Now double-click on browser.fixup.alternate.enabled to change its value to False . The other two settings are there, if you want to change the default values of the prefix and suffix.

Hope this will fix your issue :)

• If none of this work, maybe you want to backup your browser favorites and reset IE, reset Chrome or reset Firefox as the case may be, and see if that works for you. –  Atlas_Gondal Commented Jun 17, 2017 at 18:22
• 1 This is a good answer, so +1, but it may have helped if you first asked what browser he is using, rather than just assume a few and write a full answer for 3 most used browsers. Given he is using windows 10, chances are high he is using Edge browser. –  LPChip Commented Jun 17, 2017 at 19:53
• 2 Atlas_Gondal : Good answer. Since poster failed to mention which browser, you provided a bunch of information which is most likely to be useful. That is likely more useful than asking a question and providing no useful information until the question is answered. Good job on taking the initiative. (Hopefully if the asker is using a different browser, that person will have enough sense to provide a clarification.) @LPChip: I respectfully disagree, for reasons just provided. Oh, and by the way, regarding what "he" is using, I say 80%+ chance this poster was female. :) –  TOOGAM Commented Jun 18, 2017 at 6:24
• 1 @LPChip: I agree with TOOGAM. It is widely considered (and, I believe, documented somewhere) that the #1 objective of Super User (and Stack Exchange in general) is to build a knowledge base that will be useful to many people. Helping the current OP is nice, but it’s a secondary objective. Yes, it would have been good if Atlas_Gondal had determined what browser the OP was using, so he could be sure to include that browser in his answer — but providing a multi-faceted answer, that promises to help many people in the future, was the right thing to do. –  Scott - Слава Україні Commented Jun 19, 2017 at 5:13
• 1 @Atlas_Gondal: See the above.  And don’t take what “McDonald's” says seriously.  When you have multiple different answers to a question, using different approaches and/or techniques, you should post them as separate answers, so people can vote on them independently (e.g., vote one up and the others down) and we can get a ranking of their quality.  But, if you were to take a solution like this and post it as three separate answers, people would believe that you were gaming the system to get more reputation, and they might downvote you just for that. –  Scott - Слава Україні Commented Jun 19, 2017 at 5:13

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How to hide IP address in Safari on iPhone, iPad, and Mac

IP address, aka Internet Protocol address, can be a window to your location, browsing history, and more. Unfortunately, malicious parties or advertising companies can misuse this information. But thanks to Apple, you can now hide your IP address in Safari on iPhone, iPad, and Mac.

As part of Apple’s Intelligent Tracking Prevention endeavor, hiding your Safari IP address is a great addition. But before we move on to enable it, let’s learn a bit more about what it is and how it is helpful to you as a user.

Why should you hide your IP address in Safari?  

While Safari  stops trackers  from following you across websites, perpetrators can still trace your IP address and relay your data to other websites, apps, advertisers, etc. 

And while tailor-made adverts can be helpful, they could also lead to a severe privacy breach issue. So, naturally, hiding your IP address is a wise decision.

Earlier, one had to use a VPN, proxy servers, or other complex methods. But Apple has made it super simple with two easy-to-use features.

Hide IP address vs Private Relay

You can block websites from seeing or tracing your IP address by enabling Hide your IP address .

And Private Relay takes things to another level with a full IP mask, i.e., hides the IP address from websites and trackers. It also prevents ISPs from profiling you across different apps.

Notably, hide your IP address is available for all users with an updated Safari, while Private Relay is only for iCloud+ subscribers. If iCloud Private Relay is enabled on iPhone/iPad and Mac, you’ll see the following two options when you go to Hide IP address:  

• From Trackers and Website   
• From Trackers 

How to hide IP address in Safari on iPhone and iPad

• Launch the Settings app . 
• Go to Safari . 
• Scroll down and tap Hide IP Address under the Privacy and Security section.

How to hide IP address in Safari on Mac

If you’ve updated to macOS Ventura or are still running macOS Monterey, here are the steps to know how to do it. 

In macOS Ventura or later

• Launch the Safari app. 
• Click Safari at the top left corner of the screen.

• Enter the Privacy tab. 

In macOS Monterey or earlier

Use Private Relay to hide your IP address on iPhone

• Launch Settings . 
• Tap the Apple ID [your name] icon. 
• Go to iCloud . 
• Scroll down and tap Private Relay under the iCloud+ section. 

Use Private Relay to hide your IP address on Mac

The process of hiding IP addresses in macOS Ventura and Monterey are almost similar, with a few tweaks along the way.

In macOS Ventura or later 

• Click Apple logo → System Settings . 
• Choose [your name] → iCloud . 
• Select Private Relay → Options . 
• Click Turn On . 
• Maintain general location:  Allow sites to display translated content in Safari while hiding your IP address. 
• Use country and time zone: To utilize a more general location for your IP address while remaining inside your nation and time zone. 

In macOS Monterey or earlier  

• Go to Apple logo → System Preferences . 

• Maintain general location

Bonus: Other ways to hide IP address

• Virtual Private Network: Your IP address gets masked when you use a VPN to access the internet. iCloud Private Relay is similar to a VPN, but you can also opt for dedicated VPN services. Follow our ultimate VPN guide to learn more about how and why to use VPN. 
• Ad Blockers: Though the above-mentioned methods are the most recommended. If you want to step up further, you can install a Ad Blocker app to block Ads and mask your IP address on your device. 
• Hide IP address in Cellular Settings (only for iPhone): Open Settings → Cellular → Cellular Data Options → toggle on Limit IP Address Tracking.

To check your IP address on iPhone, go to  Settings → Wi-Fi  → tap the  (i) button next to the network name, and you can view your IP address under IPv4 Addresses. 

No, your IP address cannot pinpoint your precise location. However, it can give an idea of the vicinity. Furthermore, IP addresses are not capable of revealing specific personal information such as your name, phone number, address, and so on.

Winding up…  

Safari has seen several interesting improvements over time. And I like that the change prioritizes privacy and accessibility. 

So much so that the latter has taken the lead in the Chrome vs. Safari war. What, according to you, are the advantages and disadvantages of Safari? Please share your opinions in the comments below. 

Discover other new features : 

• How to find Wi-Fi password on iPhone
• Safari not loading images on iPhone or iPad? 10 Ways to fix it!
• How to automatically remove tracking parameters from URLs in iOS 17 and macOS Sonoma
• How to turn on or off True Tone on iPhone, iPad, and Mac

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!!!Using IP addresses instead of URLs in Safari!!!

• Thread starter robertjordanusa
• Start date Aug 9, 2008
• Sort by reaction score
• Apple TV and Apple Services
• Apple, Inc and Tech Industry

robertjordanusa

Macrumors newbie.

• Aug 9, 2008

Hopefully everyone knows about this DNS server hacking scheme that is able to hack a DNS server and send millions of unwitting web surfers to cloned websites. A hacker could potentially clone a bank's website to perfection except for the login frame which would then send the hacker your user name and password and then forward you to the actual website unknowingly. The browser would just assume that they typed their name or password wrong. This could net a hacker millions of bank account logins in a matter of the first hour. This appears to me to be the MOST DANGEROUS exploit of the internet in history. WHAT IS THE SOLUTION? It would seem that the solution, barring a DNS server side fix, is to type in the actual IP address (ex. 159.53.64.54) for the secure sites that you wish to visit instead of using a URL "chase.com" The problem with this is that Safari always adds an * http://*159.53.64.54 to the beginning of the address disallowing you to use direct IP addresses. *How can I type in a direct IP address into Safari, Firefox etc.?* Please let there be an answer.  

StealthRider

Macrumors 65816.

HTTP is, as the name suggests, the protocol required to use the site you're attempting to visit. If you wanted to access an FTP IP, you would have to type ftp:// The addition of "http://" is not a problem. Oh, and that IP you showed doesn't actually work for anything.  

Don't do this. Virtually every enterprise on the planet uses load balancing devices to ensure that each of their Internet facing servers does not become overloaded. Therefore when you type a URL it is quite legitimate to receive different IP addresses on different occasions, with only open SSL sessions retaining IP persistence. The window of opportunity to exploit this issue with the DNS has mostly passed already. All vendors have now issued patches for their software (including, finally, Apple, who were the last major vendor to do so), and due to the severity of the issue patching DNS servers was given major priority. The sky is not on this occasion falling.  

I just read and heard differently I have heard and read that the patches applied are only temporary fixes at best until another exploit occurs. It would seem that direct IP addressing is the only certain way to reach your destination with utter assurance. Thus, I am merely trying to setup some bookmarks for the most important sites I visit such as banks and credit cards with direct IP addresses. So am I to understand that there is no way to directly access pages within a website (ex. https://chaseonline.chase.com/Logon.aspx ) using an IP address (xx.xx.xx.xxx. ~whatever) using the locations toolbar even though this is the most secure way to get anywhere. Anything else leaves me with a sense of vulnerability and subservience to hackable DNS servers.  

macrumors 604

robertjordanusa said: I have heard and read that the patches applied are only temporary fixes at best until another exploit occurs. It would seem that direct IP addressing is the only certain way to reach your destination with utter assurance. Thus, I am merely trying to setup some bookmarks for the most important sites I visit such as banks and credit cards with direct IP addresses. So am I to understand that there is no way to directly access pages within a website (ex. https://chaseonline.chase.com/Logon.aspx ) using an IP address (xx.xx.xx.xxx. ~whatever) using the locations toolbar even though this is the most secure way to get anywhere. Anything else leaves me with a sense of vulnerability and subservience to hackable DNS servers. Click to expand...

macrumors Core

Just use Firefox or Opera.  

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How to Hide IP Address in Safari in iOS 15 and macOS Monterey

How to Hide IP Address in Safari on iPhone, iPad, and Mac

Hide ip address from trackers in safari on ios 15 and ipados 15.

• Launch the Settings app on your iPhone or iPad.

Hide IP Address from Trackers in Safari on macOS Monterey

• Launch Safari on your Mac running macOS Monterey.

4. Then, move to the “ Privacy ” tab.

Check Safari Privacy Report to See Blocked Trackers on iPhone, iPad, and Mac

Safari also offers a detailed privacy report, letting you know the number of trackers it blocked on each website from profiling you. Besides, Apple’s browser also informs you about what percentage of websites contacted trackers. Notably, you can use the Safari Privacy Report to see the list of all the trackers, proving how useful this new feature is.

• On your iPhone or iPad: Head over to Safari and tap the toolbar icon (three-dot icon in the address bar at the bottom). After that, select “Privacy Report”. Now, you will see a detailed privacy report.

• On your Mac: Open Safari on your Mac. After that, click the Safari menu at the top left and choose Privacy Report. 

Keep a Track of App Privacy Reports on iPhone and iPad

As of iOS 15 beta 2, Apple is yet to roll out the App Privacy Report feature (Settings -> Privacy). However, there is a pretty similar feature called “Record App Activity” (Settings -> Privacy) that also allows you to save a 7-day summary of when apps access your data like location or microphone. Besides, it also lets you see when apps or websites you visit within apps contact domains. Since iOS 15 is still in beta, a lot could change by the time the Cupertino giant rolls out the latest iteration of iOS.

Browse the Web Securely in Safari in iOS 15 and macOS Monterey

Rajesh Mishra

An old school bibliophile who turned a tech nerd out of obsession. When he is not digging into hacks and tracking down stories that are breaking the internet, you may find him reciting poems.

Thanks for the How-to. My question is how exactly does it work because with this on or off, “what is my IP” sees my true IP..?

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Having Safari browsing trouble on iPhone? You’re not alone — Apple’s Private Relay system is having problems

Private Relay is having problems — and here's everything you need to know

If you’ve been having issues with the web browser on your Apple devices over the past several hours, then you’re probably not alone. Apple has reported that the iCloud Private Relay has been experiencing an outage since 2 p.m. ET yesterday, and according to the status page it’s still ongoing at the time of writing (4:32 a.m. ET).

iCloud Private Relay is a system bundled as part of Apple’s iCloud+ and Apple One subscriptions. It sends internet requests through two different (and separate) secure internet relays — one controlled by Apple and another by a third party. All Apple devices produce those requests when you’re browsing, regardless of whether it’s an iPhone , Mac or even a Vision Pro . 

The general idea is that by using this second relay, Apple isn’t able to see who users are or the kind of content they're viewing online. That means an outage like this is a problem, and may be affecting your web browsing experience until it’s fixed. Apple’s status page notes that service may be “slow or unavailable” but only specifies that “some users are affected”. 

It’s not clear how many affected users there are, or how widespread the issue is. But if the browser on your Apple device is not behaving as it should, and you have Private Relay enabled, then this may explain some things.

If you don't have subscriptions to iCloud Plus or Apple One, or if you already have Private relay switched off, then any browsing problems you might experience will likely be due to something else. Wi-Fi or cellular signal issues, most likely.

Thankfully for those affected Private Relay can be switched off until Apple fixes the problem. Simply head to Settings > [Your Name] > iCloud > Private Relay . You then have the choice to Turn of iCloud Private Relay temporarily , which will switch the feature back on tomorrow morning, or you can Turn off iCloud Private Relay completely . That’s a more permanent solution, and requires you to switch Private Relay back on manually. 

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Apple explains why Safari is not working properly on some iPhones

How this issue is affecting users

What apple has to say about icloud private relay.

However, before we dive into these new and enhanced privacy protections, let’s first consider an important aspect of these changes: website compatibility risk.

The Risk of Breaking Websites and How We Mitigate It

There are many ideas for how to protect privacy on the web, but unfortunately many of them may break the user’s experience. Like security protections in real life, a balance must be struck. The new Private Browsing goes right up to the line, attempting to never break websites. But of course there is a risk that some parts of some sites won’t work. To solve this, we give users affordances to reduce privacy protections on a per-site basis. Such a change in privacy protections is only remembered while browsing within a site. This option is a last resort when a web page is not usable due to the privacy protections.

All of the new privacy protections in Private Browsing are also available in regular browsing. On iOS, iPadOS and visionOS go to Settings > Apps > Safari > Advanced > Advanced Tracking and Fingerprinting Protection and enable “All Browsing”. On macOS go to Safari > Settings > Advanced and enable “Use advanced tracking and fingerprinting protection”:

Let’s now walk through how these enhancements work.

Safari’s Private Browsing implements two new protections against tracking information in the destination URL when the user navigates between different websites. The specific parts of the URL covered are query parameters and the fragment. The goal of these protections is to make it more difficult for third-party scripts running on the destination site to correlate user activity across websites by reading the URL.

Let’s consider an example where the user clicks a link on clickSource.example , which takes them to clickDestination.example. The URL looks like this:

Safari removes a subset of query parameters that have been identified as being used for pervasive cross-site tracking granular to users or clicks. This is done prior to navigation, such that these values are never propagated over the network. If known_tracking_param above represents such a query parameter, the URL that’s used for navigation will be:

As its name suggests, the campaign above represents a parameter that’s only used for campaign attribution, as opposed to click or user-level tracking. Safari allows such parameters to pass through.

Finally, on the destination site after a cross-site navigation, all third-party scripts that attempt to read the full URL (e.g. using location.search , location.href , or document.URL ) will get a version of the URL that has no query parameters or fragment. In our example, this script-exposed value is simply:

In a similar vein, Safari also hides cross-site any document.referrer from script access in Private Browsing.

Web AdAttributionKit in Private Browsing

Web AdAttributionKit (formerly Private Click Measurement) is a way for advertisers, websites, and apps to implement ad attribution and click measurement in a privacy-preserving way. You can read more about it here . Alongside the new suite of enhanced privacy protections in Private Browsing, Safari also brings a version of Web AdAttributionKit to Private Browsing. This allows click measurement and attribution to continue working in a privacy-preserving manner.

Web AdAttributionKit in Private Browsing works the same way as it does in normal browsing, but with some limits:

• Attribution is scoped to individual Private Browsing tabs, and transfers attribution across new tabs opened when clicking on links. However, attribution is not preserved through other indirect means of navigation: for instance, copying a link and pasting in a new tab. In effect, this behaves similarly to how Web AdAttributionKit works for Direct Response Advertising .
• Since Private Browsing doesn’t persist any data, pending attribution requests are discarded when the tab is closed.

Blocking Network Loads of Known Trackers

Safari 17.0 also comes with an automatically enabled content blocker in Private Browsing, which blocks network loads to known trackers. While Intelligent Tracking Prevention has long blocked all third party cookies, blocking trackers’ network requests from leaving the user’s device in the first place ensures that no personal information or tracking parameters are exfiltrated through the URL itself.

This automatically enabled content blocker is compiled using data from DuckDuckGo and from the EasyPrivacy filtering rules from EasyList. The requests flagged by this content blocker are only entries that are flagged as trackers by both DuckDuckGo and EasyPrivacy. In doing so, Safari intentionally allows most ads to continue loading even in Private Browsing.

Private Browsing also blocks cloaked network requests to known tracking domains. They otherwise have the ability to save third party cookies in a first-party context. This protection requires macOS Sonoma or iOS 17. By cloaked we mean subdomains mapped to a third-party server via CNAME cloaking or third-party IP address cloaking. See also the “Defending Against Cloaked First Party IP Addresses” section below.

When Safari blocks a network request to a known tracker, a console message of this form is logged, and can be viewed using Web Inspector:

Network Privacy Enhancements

Safari 15.0 started hiding IP addresses from known trackers by default. Private Browsing in Safari 17.0 adds the following protections for all users:

• Encrypted DNS . DNS queries are used to resolve server hostnames into IP addresses, which is a necessary function of accessing the internet. However, DNS is traditionally unencrypted, and allows network operators to track user activity or redirect users to other servers. Private Browsing uses Oblivious DNS over HTTPS by default, which encrypts and proxies DNS queries to protect the privacy and integrity of these lookups.
• Proxying unencrypted HTTP . Any unencrypted HTTP resources loaded in Private Browsing will use the same multi-hop proxy network used to hide IP addresses from trackers. This ensures that attackers in the local network cannot see or modify the content of Private Browsing traffic.

Additionally, for iCloud+ subscribers who have iCloud Private Relay turned on, Private Browsing takes privacy to the next level with these enhancements:

• Separate sessions per tab . Every tab that the user opens in Private Browsing now uses a separate session to the iCloud Private Relay proxies. This means that web servers won’t be able to tell if two tabs originated on the same device. Each session is assigned egress IP addresses independently. Note that this doesn’t apply to parent-child windows that need a programmatic relationship, such as popups and their openers.
• Geolocation privacy by default . Private Browsing uses an IP location based on your country and time zone, not a more specific location.
• Warnings before revealing IP address . When accessing a server that is not accessible on the public internet, such as a local network server or an internal corporate server, Safari cannot use iCloud Private Relay. In Private Browsing, Safari now displays a warning requesting that the user consents to revealing their IP address to the server before loading the page.

Extensions in Private Browsing

Safari 17.0 also boosts the privacy of Extensions in Private Browsing. Extensions that can access website data and browsing history are now off by default in Private Browsing. Users can still choose to allow an extension to run in Private Browsing and gain all of the extension’s utility. Extensions that don’t access webpage contents or browsing history, like Content Blockers, are turned on by default in Private Browsing when turned on in Safari.

With Safari and subsequently other browsers restricting stateful tracking (e.g. cross-site cookies), many trackers have turned to stateless tracking, often referred to as fingerprinting .

Types of Fingerprinting

We distinguish these types of fingerprinting:

• Device fingerprinting . This is about building a fingerprint based on device characteristics, including hardware and the current operating system and browser. It can also include connected peripherals if they are allowed to be detected. Such a fingerprint cannot be changed by the user through settings or web extensions.
• Network and geographic position fingerprinting . This is about building a fingerprint based on how the device connects to the Internet and any means of detecting its geographic position. It could be done by measuring roundtrip speeds of network requests or simply using the IP address as an identifier.
• User settings fingerprinting . This is about reading the state of user settings such as dark/light mode, locale, font size adjustments, and window size on platforms where the user can change it. It also includes detecting web extensions and accessibility tools. We find this kind of fingerprinting to be extra hurtful since it exploits how users customize their web experience to fit their needs.
• User behavior fingerprinting . This is about detecting recurring patterns in how the user behaves. It could be how the mouse pointer is used, how quickly they type in form fields, or how they scroll.
• User traits fingerprinting . This is about figuring out things about the user, such as their interests, age, health status, financial status, and educational background. Those gleaned traits can contribute to a unique ID but also can be used directly to target them with certain content, adjust prices, or tailor messages.

Fingerprint Stability

A challenge for any tracker trying to create a fingerprint is how stable the fingerprint will be over time. Software version fingerprinting changes with software updates, web extension fingerprinting changes with extension updates and enablement/disablement, user settings change when the user wants, multiple users of the same device means behavior fingerprints change, and roaming devices may change network and geographic position a lot.

Fingerprinting Privacy Problem 1: Cross-Site Tracking

Fingerprints can be used to track the user across websites. If successful, it defeats tracking preventions such as storage partitioning and link decoration filtering.

There are two types of solutions to this problem:

• Make the fingerprint be shared among many users, so called herd immunity.
• Make the fingerprint unique per website, typically achieved via randomized noise injection.

Fingerprinting Privacy Problem 2: Per-Site User Recall

Less talked about is the fingerprinting problem of per-site user recall. Web browsers offer at least two ways for the user to reset their relationship with a website: Clear website data or use Private Browsing. Both make a subsequent navigation to a website start out fresh.

But fingerprinting defeats this and allows a website to remember the user even though they’ve opted to clear website data or use Private Browsing.

• Make the fingerprint unique per website, and generate a new unique fingerprint for every fresh start.

Fingerprinting Privacy Problem 3: Per-Site Visitor Uniqueness

The ultimate anti fingerprinting challenge in our view is to address a specific user’s uniqueness when visiting a specific website. Here’s a simple example:

Having the locale setting to US/EN for American English may provide ample herd immunity in many cases. But what happens when a user with that setting visits an Icelandic government website or a Korean reading club website? They may find themselves in a very small “herd” on that particular website and combined with just a few more fingerprinting touch points they can be uniquely identified.

Addressing per-site visitor uniqueness is not possible in general by a browser unless it knows what the spread of visitors looks like for individual websites.

Fingerprinting Protections at a High Level

We view cross-site tracking and per-site user recall as privacy problems to be addressed by browsers.

Our approach : Make the fingerprint unique per website, and generate a new unique fingerprint for every fresh start such as at website data removal.

Our tools :

• Use multi-hop proxies to hide IP addresses and defend against network and geographic position fingerprinting.
• Limit the number of fingerprintable web APIs whenever possible. This could mean altering the APIs, gating them behind user permissions, or not implementing them.
• Inject small amounts of noise in return values of fingerprintable web APIs.

Fingerprinting Protection Details

Safari’s new advanced fingerprinting protections make it difficult for scripts to reliably extract high-entropy data through the use of several web APIs:

• To make it more difficult to reliably extract details about the user’s configuration, Safari injects noise into various APIs: namely, during 2D canvas and WebGL readback, and when reading AudioBuffer samples using WebAudio.
• To reduce the overall entropy exposed through other APIs, Safari also overrides the results of certain web APIs related to window or screen metrics to fixed values, such that fingerprinting scripts that call into these APIs for users with different screen or window configurations will get the same results, even if the users’ underlying configurations are different.

2D Canvas and WebGL

Many modern web browsers use a computer’s graphics processing unit (GPU) to accelerate rendering graphics. The Web’s Canvas API (2D Canvas) and WebGL API give a web page the tools it needs for rendering arbitrary images and complex scenes using the GPU, and analyzing the result. These APIs are valuable for the web platform, but they allow the web page to learn unique details about the underlying hardware without asking for consent. With Safari’s advanced fingerprinting protections enabled, Safari applies tiny amounts of noise to pixels on the canvas that have been painted using drawing commands. These modifications reduce the value of a fingerprint when using these APIs without significantly impacting the rendered graphics.

It’s important to emphasize that:

• This noise injection only happens in regions of the canvas where drawing occurs.
• The amount of noise injected is extremely small, and (mostly) should not result in observable differences or artifacts.

This strategy helps mitigate many of the compatibility issues that arise from this kind of noise injection, while still maintaining robust fingerprinting mitigations.

In Safari 17.5, we’ve bolstered these protections by additionally injecting noise when reading back data from offscreen canvas in both service workers and shared workers.

Similarly, when reading samples using the WebAudio API — via AudioBuffer.getChannelData() — a tiny amount of noise is applied to each sample to make it very difficult to reliably measure OS differences. In practice, these differences are already extremely minor. Typically due to slight differences in the order of operations when applying FFT or IFFT. As such, a relatively low amount of noise can make it substantially more difficult to obtain a stable fingerprint.

In Safari 17.5, we made audio noise injection more robust in the following ways:

• The injected noise now applies consistently to the same values in a given audio buffer — this means a looping AudioSourceNode that contains a single high-entropy sample can’t be used to average out the injected noise and obtain the original value quickly.
• Instead of using a uniform distribution for the injected noise, we now use normally-distributed noise. The mean of this distribution converges much more slowly on the original value, when compared to the average of the minimum and maximum value in the case of uniformly-distributed noise.
• Rather than using a low, fixed amount of noise (0.1%), we’ve refactored the noise injection mechanism to support arbitrary levels of noise injection. This allows us to easily fine-tune noise injection, such that the magnitude of noise increases when using audio nodes that are known to reveal subtle OS or hardware differences through minute differences in sample values.

This noise injection also activates when using Audio Worklets (e.g. AudioWorkletNode ) to read back audio samples.

Screen/Window Metrics

Lastly, for various web APIs that currently directly expose window and screen-related metrics, Safari takes a different approach: instead of the noise-injection-based mitigations described above, entropy is reduced by fixing the results to either hard-coded values, or values that match other APIs.

• screen.width / screen.height : The screen size is fixed to the values of innerWidth and innerHeight .
• screenX / screenY : The screen position is fixed to (0, 0) .
• outerWidth / outerHeight : Like screen size, these values are fixed to innerWidth and innerHeight .

These mitigations also apply when using media queries to indirectly observe the screen size.

Don’t Add Fingerprintable APIs to the Web, Like The Topics API

We have worked for many years with the standards community on improving user privacy of the web platform. There are existing web APIs that are fingerprintable, such as Canvas, and reining in their fingerprintability is a long journey. Especially since we want to ensure existing websites can continue to work well.

It is key for the future privacy of the web to not compound the fingerprinting problem with new, fingerprintable APIs. There are cases where the tradeoff tells us that a rich web experience or enhanced accessibility motivates some level of fingerprintability. But in general, our position is that we should progress the web without increasing fingerprintability.

A recent example where we opposed a new proposal is the Topics API which is now shipping in the Chrome browser . We provided extensive critical feedback as part of the standards process and we’d like to highlight a few pieces here.

The Topics API in a Nutshell

From the proposal :

Any JavaScript can call this function on a webpage. Yes, that includes tracker scripts, advertising scripts, and data broker scripts.

The topics come from a predefined list of hundreds of topics. It’s not the user who picks from these topics, but instead Chrome will record the user’s browsing history over time and deduce interests from it. The user doesn’t get told upfront which topics Chrome has tagged them with or which topics it exposes to which parties. It all happens in the background and by default.

The intent of the API is to help advertisers target users with ads based on each user’s interests even though the current website does not necessarily imply that they have those interests.

The Fingerprinting Problem With the Topics API

A new research paper by Yohan Beugin and Patrick McDaniel from University of Wisconsin-Madison goes into detail on Chrome’s actual implementation of the Topics API.

The authors use large scale real user browsing data (voluntarily donated) to show both how the 5% noise supposed to provide plausible deniability for users can be defeated, and how the Topics API can be used to fingerprint and re-identify users.

“We conclude that an important part of the users from this real dataset are re-identified across websites through only the observations of their topics of interest in our experiment. Thus, the real users from our dataset can be fingerprinted through the Topics API. Moreover, as can be seen, the information leakage and so, privacy violation worsen over time as more users are uniquely re-identified.” —Beugin and McDaniel, University of Wisconsin-Madison

The paper was published at the 2024 IEEE Security and Privacy Workshops (SPW) in May.

Further Privacy Problems With the Topics API

Re-identifying and tracking users is not the only privacy problem with the Topics API. There is also the profiling of users’ cross-site activity. Here’s an example using topics on Chrome’s predefined list .

Imagine in May 2024 you go to news.example where you are a subscriber and have provided your email address. Embedded on the website, dataBroker.example . The data broker has gleaned your email address from the login form and calls the Topics API to learn that you currently have these interests:

• Event & Studio Photography
• Luxury Travel

In May 2026 you go to news.example where dataBroker.example calls the Topics API and is told that you now have these interests:

• Children’s Clothing
• Family Travel

Finally, in May 2029 you go to news.example where dataBroker.example calls the Topics API and is told that you have these interests:

• Legal Services
• Furnished Rentals

You haven’t told any website with access to your email address anything that’s been going on in your family life. But the data broker has been able to read your shifting interests and store them in their permanent profile of you — while you were reading the news.

Now imagine what advanced machine learning and artificial intelligence can deduce about you based on various combinations of interest signals. What patterns will emerge when data brokers and trackers can compare and contrast across large portions of the population? Remember that they can combine the output of the Topics API with any other data points they have available, and it’s the analysis of all of it together that feeds the algorithms that try to draw conclusions about you.

We think the web should not expose such information across websites and we don’t think the browser, i.e. the user agent , should facilitate any such data collection or use.

Privacy Enhancements in Both Browsing Modes

Our defenses against cloaked third-party IP addresses and our partitioning of SessionStorage and blob URLs are enabled by default in both regular browsing and Private Browsing. Here’s how those protections work.

Defending Against Cloaked First Party IP Addresses

In 2020, Intelligent Tracking Prevention (ITP) gained the ability to cap the expiry of cookies set in third-party CNAME-cloaked HTTP responses to 7 days .

This defense did not mitigate cases where IP aliasing is used to cloak third party requests under first party subdomains. ITP now also applies a 7-day cap to the expiry of cookies in responses from cloaked third-party IP addresses. Detection of third-party IP addresses is heuristic, and may change in the future. Currently, two IP addresses are considered different parties if any of the following criteria are met:

• One IP address is IPv4, while the other is IPv6.
• If both addresses are IPv4, the length of the common subnet mask is less than 16 bits (half of the full address length).
• If both addresses are IPv6, the length of the common subnet mask is less than 64 bits (also half of the full address length).

Partitioned SessionStorage and Blob URLs

Websites have many options for how they store information over longer time periods. Session Storage is a storage area in Safari that is scoped to the current tab. When a tab in Safari is closed, all of the session storage associated with it is destroyed. Beginning in Safari 16.1 cross-site Session Storage is partitioned by first-party web site.

Similarly, Blobs are a storage type that allow websites to store raw, file-like data in the browser. A blob can hold almost anything, from simple text to something larger and more complex like a video file. A unique URL can be created for a blob , and that URL can be used to gain access to the associated blob, as long as the blob still exists. These URLs are often referred to as Blob URLs, and a Blob URL’s lifetime is scoped to the document that creates it. Beginning in Safari 17.2, cross-site Blob URLs are partitioned by first-party web site, and first-party Blob URLs are not usable by third parties.

Setting a New Industry Standard

The additional privacy protections of Private Browsing in Safari 17.0, Safari 17.2 and Safari 17.5 set a new bar for user protection. We’re excited for all Safari users and the web itself to benefit from this work!

We love hearing from you! To share your thoughts on Private Browsing 2.0, find John Wilander on Mastodon at @[email protected] or send a reply on X to @webkit . You can also follow WebKit on LinkedIn . If you run into any issues, we welcome your feedback on Safari UI (learn more about filing Feedback ), or your WebKit bug report about web technologies or Web Inspector.

Maps on the web is compatible with these web browsers

Depending on the device you use, Maps on the web works best on the latest versions of these browsers.

On your Mac or iPad

On your windows pc.

Availability varies depending on region. To start, Maps on the web is available only in English. Maps on the web will be available for additional browsers, platforms, and languages soon.

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KB5042421: CrowdStrike issue impacting Windows endpoints causing an 0x50 or 0x7E error message on a blue screen

Microsoft has identified an issue impacting Windows endpoints that are running the CrowdStrike Falcon agent. These endpoints might encounter error messages 0x50 or 0x7E on a blue screen and experience a continual restarting state.

We have received reports of successful recovery from some customers attempting multiple restart operations on affected Windows endpoints.

We are working with CrowdStrike to provide the most up-to-date information available on this issue. Please check back for updates on this ongoing issue. 

Important:  We have released a USB tool to help automate this manual repair process. For more information, see  New recovery tool to help with CrowdStrike issue impacting Windows devices .

To resolve this issue, follow these instructions for your version of Windows.

Hold the power button for 10 seconds to turn off your device and then press the power button again to turn on your device.

On the Windows sign-in screen, press and hold the  Shift key while you select  Power >  Restart .

Restart your device. Note  You may be asked to enter your  BitLocker recovery key . When the device restarts, continue pressing F4 and then it will log you in to safe mode. Please note, for some devices, you need to press F11 to log in through safe mode.

Once in safe mode, right-click Start , click  Run , type  cmd  in the Open box, and then click OK .

If your system drive is different than C:\, type C: and then press Enter . This will switch you to the C:\ drive.

Type the following command and then press Enter:

CD C:\Windows\System32\drivers\CrowdStrike

Note In this example, C is your system drive. This will change to the CrowdStrike directory.

Once in the CrowdStrike directory, locate the file matching “C-00000291*.sys”. To do this, type the following command and then press Enter :

dir C-00000291*.sys

Permanently delete the file(s) found. To do this, type the following command and then press Enter .

del C-00000291*.sys

Manually search for any files that match “C-00000291*.sys” and delete them.

Restart your device.

On the Windows sign-in screen, press and hold the  Shift  key while you select  Power   >  Restart .

Restart your device. Note  You may be asked to enter your  BitLocker recovery key .

When the device restarts, continue pressing F4 and then it will log you in to safe mode.

Once in safe mode, right-click Start , click  Run , type  cmd  in the Open box, and then click  OK .

Type in the following command and then press Enter :

Note  In this example C is your system drive. This will change to the CrowdStrike directory.

Recovery methods

If you receive the Windows Recovery screen, use one of the following methods to recover your device.

Method 1: Use Enable safe mode

Hold the power button for 10 seconds to turn off your device and thenpress the power button again to turn on your device.

On the Windows sign-in screen, press and hold the  Shift  key while you select  Power >   Restart .

After your device restarts to the  Choose an option  screen, select  Troubleshoot  >  Advanced options  >  Startup Settings  >  Enable safe mode . Then, restart your device. Note  You might be asked to enter your  BitLocker recovery key . When the device restarts, continue pressing F4 and then it will log you in to safe mode. Please note, for some devices, you need to press F11 to log in through safe mode.

If the screen asks for a BitLocker recovery key, use your phone and log on to  https://aka.ms/aadrecoverykey . Log on with your Email ID and domain account password to find the BitLocker recovery key associated with your device. To locate your BitLocker recovery key, click Manage Devices > View Bitlocker Keys > Show recovery key .

If your system drive is different than C:\, type C: and then press  Enter . This will switch you to the C:\ drive.

Type the following command and then press Enter :

Tip:  CD C:\Windows\System32\drivers\CrowdStrike

Note  In this example, C is your system drive. This will change to the CrowdStrike directory.

After your device restarts to the  Choose an option  screen, select  Troubleshoot  >  Advanced options  >  Startup Settings  >  Enable safe mode .  Then restart your device again. Note  You might be asked to enter your  BitLocker recovery key . When the device restarts, continue pressing F4 and then it will log you into safe mode. Please note, for some devices, you need to press F11 to log in through safe mode.

If the screen asks for a BitLocker recovery key, then use your phone and log on to  https://aka.ms/aadrecoverykey . Log on with your Email ID and domain account password to find the bit locker recovery key associated with your device. To locate your BitLocker recovery key, click Manage Devices > View Bitlocker Keys > Show recovery key .

Select the name of the device where you see the BitLocker prompt. In the expanded window, select View BitLocker Keys . Go back to your device and input the BitLocker key that you see on your phone or secondary device.

Note  In this example, C is your system drive. This will change to the CrowdStrike directory.

Method 2: Use System Restore

After your device restarts to the  Choose an option  screen, select  Troubleshoot  >  Advanced options  >  System Restore .

If the screen asks for a BitLocker recovery key, use your phone and log on to  https://aka.ms/aadrecoverykey . Login with your email id and domain account password to find the bit locker recovery key associated with your device. To locate your BitLocker recovery key, click Manage Devices > View Bitlocker Keys > Show recovery key .

Click Next  on System Restore.

Select the Restore option in the list, click  Next , and then click  Finish .

Click Yes  to confirm the restore. Note  This will perform just the Windows system restore and personal data should not be impacted. This process might take up to 15 minutes to complete.

If the screen asks for a BitLocker recovery key, use your phone and log on to  https://aka.ms/aadrecoverykey . Log in with your Email ID and domain account password to find the bit locker recovery key associated with your device. To locate your BitLocker recovery key, click Manage Devices > View Bitlocker Keys > Show recovery key .

Select the Restore option in the list, click Next , and then click  Finish .​​​​​​​

Contact CrowdStrike

If after following the above steps, if you still experience issues logging into your device, please reach out to CrowdStrike for additional assistance.

Start your PC in safe mode in Windows

Third-party information disclaimer

The third-party products that this article discusses are manufactured by companies that are independent of Microsoft. We make no warranty, implied or otherwise, about the performance or reliability of these products.

We provide third-party contact information to help you find technical support. This contact information may change without notice. We do not guarantee the accuracy of this third-party contact information.

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