airline travel with wheelchair

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The Guide to Flying With a Wheelchair

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How to fly with a wheelchair

Can you check a wheelchair on an airplane, how to pack a wheelchair for flight, accessible policies for those traveling with a wheelchair, broken down by airline, if you’re bringing a wheelchair on a plane.

Traveling on a plane can be a stressful endeavor, whether you’re bringing a checked bag, a whole family or extra equipment to get around. But for those who make use of a wheelchair, air travel is becoming more accessible than ever before.

Because of updated U.S. Department of Transportation policies, as well as innovations from certain airlines, flying with a wheelchair is becoming easier.

Let’s take a look at how the process works, what bringing a wheelchair on a plane entails and what changes are helping to make air travel for wheelchair users a better experience.

Air travel is meant to be accessible to everyone. Whether a traveler uses a wheelchair full time or requires one only to navigate through the airport, accessibility services are available to them.

Requesting a wheelchair at the airport

Airlines are required to provide prompt aid to passengers needing additional assistance. This includes those who need a wheelchair to get around, and you are allowed to request one for use in the airport. If this is the case for you, you’ll want to advise the airline as early as possible.

Once you arrive at the airport, you’ll need to let the airline know that you require a wheelchair.

Bringing your own wheelchair

There are a couple of extra conditions to be aware of if you’re traveling with your own wheelchair. You can fly with a power wheelchair, but the DOT’s guidance page notes that you’ll need to arrive an hour before standard check-in time.

You can stay in your own wheelchair until you get to the gate. At this point, if your chair will not fit in the cabin, it will be taken and checked.

If necessary, the airline will then provide an aisle chair to help you get to your seat. Once landed, your wheelchair will be waiting for you at the gate.

» Learn more: What everyone can learn from a traveler with a disability

Yes, you can check a wheelchair on a plane. This is the case for both manual wheelchairs and powered wheelchairs. Checking your medical equipment is free of charge.

However, note that some aircraft may have limitations when it comes to accepting powered wheelchairs due to their size. For example, United Airlines has recognized this and created new policies to address it (more on that below).

There are no special requirements necessary if you’re bringing your wheelchair on your flight. Eligible manual wheelchairs can be stowed in the cabin of the aircraft, whether that’s in the storage bin above you, under the seat in front of you or in the designated wheelchair storage area onboard the plane.

If your wheelchair doesn’t fit or uses a battery, it’ll be taken and checked into the cargo area for free.

In this case, we recommend labeling your wheelchair with your name and contact information and attaching any relevant handling or disassembly instructions.

Traveling with a wheelchair can be more complicated than you’d expect, which is why the government and certain airlines are adopting new strategies to help ensure dignity and respect for everyone.

U.S. DOT accessibility policies

The DOT has published its Bill of Rights for passengers with disbilities , which includes the right to be treated with dignity and respect, the right to accessible facilities and the right to travel with an assistive device, among other rights.

Generally speaking, it's free to check your wheelchair or mobility device in addition to your checked bags. This includes wheelchairs (manual or electric) as well as scooters, walkers, canes and crutches.

Note that devices must meet airline battery and safety requirements.

The DOT has also enacted a rule that will require single-aisle aircraft to provide an accessible lavatory.

» Learn more: New federal rules require more accessible airplane lavatories

American Airlines wheelchair assistance

American Airlines asks passengers to submit assistance requests in advance because after you’ve done so, a coordinator will contact you directly to ensure everything is ready for your trip.

The airline will also work with you to book the right seat if you need extra space or have specific mobility needs.

How to get a wheelchair at the airport for American Airlines

To request wheelchair assistance, select the “Add special assistance” option during booking or in “Manage Trips” from the airline’s home page after logging in to your account. You can also request assistance by calling 800-237-7976.

Delta wheelchair assistance

Delta Air Lines has debuted a prototype airline seat that allows powered wheelchair users to remain in their own seat during the flight. This is still some way off from being implemented in aircraft, but it’s nice to see that the airline is making strides to become more accessible.

How to get a wheelchair at the airport on Delta

You can request wheelchair service in your Delta SkyMiles account after booking your flight, under “My Trips.” You can also call the airline at 404-209-3434.

Southwest Airlines wheelchair assistance

You do not need to notify Southwest before arriving at the airport to receive disability-related assistance. The airline offers an online Accessible Travel Assistance hub to streamline planning, and while it prefers your wheelchair is stowed on board as a carry-on, it is possible to gate check your device for cargo.

How to request wheelchair at airport for Southwest

Simply ask any Southwest employee and they will guide you through the necessary steps. There are steps to do this in advance if you prefer, including calling 800-I-FLY-SWA (800-435-9792).

United Airlines wheelchair assistance

For its part, United Airlines has announced a change to its search system that’ll greatly simplify the process for those who use powered wheelchairs.

While the new system isn’t live yet, the updated search feature will include the ability to input the dimensions of your wheelchair. Doing so allows you to weed out aircraft with cargo doors that won’t accommodate the size of your wheelchair.

Even better, if your preferred flight cannot accommodate your wheelchair, you can book a different flight on the same day — and if it’s more expensive, United will refund you the difference.

How do I request a wheelchair on United Airlines?

You can request a wheelchair for your flight or airport experience in the traveler information section at booking or in your MileagePlus account under “My Trips” after you’ve purchased your ticket.

» Learn more: What I’ve learned as a disabled traveler

Airports and airlines are becoming better suited to passengers with disabilities who are traveling, including those who use a wheelchair. Whether you need one to navigate the airport or are bringing one from home, new regulations and policies have been established to ensure that your travel experience is as seamless as possible.

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Wheelchairs, Scooters and Assistive Devices

We understand the importance of an accessible travel experience and thank you in advance for your patience as we work to meet your needs throughout your trip. Share your mobility needs with us at least 48 hours before your trip so we can offer you the best possible service.

In-page Links

• Request Delta Wheelchair Service , Go to footer note
• Bring Your Personal Wheelchair or Scooter , Go to footer note
• Bring an Assistive Device , Go to footer note
• Understand Travel with a Mobility Device , Go to footer note
• Explore Frequently Asked Questions , Go to footer note

Request Delta Wheelchair Service

Airport Wheelchair

Service begins curbside at the airport, through check-in and security, to your departure gate and down the jet bridge to the aircraft door.

Aisle Wheelchair

Service assists you from the jet bridge onto the aircraft and down the aisle to your seat.

Onboard Wheelchair

Service in-flight via an aircraft-designed wheelchair that fits in the aircraft aisles and most lavatories.

Bring Your Personal Wheelchair or Scooter

We understand that your personal mobility device needs to travel when you do. Delta transports both manual and battery-powered devices. Please prepare with the steps below.

1. Learn Your Wheelchair or Scooter Measurements

Measure the height and width of your chair at its smallest size (not expanded) and input the measurements below. Measuring estimates a likely fit on your aircraft but is not a guarantee of travel approval.

Will My Wheelchair Fit?

How do I measure my wheelchair? 

Your wheelchair or assistive device will fit in the cargo hold on the following airplane types:

If you’ve already purchased your flight, find the type of airplane you’re booked on in My Trips. If the airplane for your trip is not listed above, please contact us at 404-209-3434 (dial 711 for relay services) to discuss available options. 

If you haven't booked your flight yet, the type of plane for each flight option can be found through the ‘Details’ link in the search results for your trip.

Call us for more options.

The measurements of your wheelchair or assistive device appear larger than the airplane door while upright and fully assembled. Please note that the search results only apply to Delta aircraft. To discuss more options for traveling with your wheelchair or assistive device, contact a Delta representative at 404-209-3434 (dial 711 for relay services).

An unexpected error occurred. Please try again later.

How do I measure my wheelchair or assistive device?

Height: Measure the distance from the top of the headrest or backrest to the ground.

Width: Measure the distance from the left wheel to right wheel on opposite sides of the chair or device.

Please enter collapsed height and width if your chair or device is collapsible.

2. Tell Us Your Device Details


Whether you bring a manual wheelchair or a battery-operated device, please inform us 48 hours before you fly for the best possible service using the  Fly Delta app , the ‘ My Trips ’ page or by calling 404-209-3434 (dial 711 for relay services). 

Measurements

If your personal wheelchair or device exceeds the maximum dimensions at its smallest size (not expanded), it may not safely fit in the cargo hold of your aircraft. Please call 404-209-3434 (dial 711 for relay services) so we can book you on an aircraft that meets your needs.

Forty-eight hours notice is recommended for battery-operated devices in order to follow the U.S. Federal Dangerous Goods Handling Procedures. This applies to various battery types, including but not limited to lithium ion, spillable or non-spillable batteries.

3. Prepare for Travel

• Print the required Mobility Device Handling Form before your trip and bring it with you on the day of travel. (A completed form educates our agents on how to best assist you, reducing the chance of damage to your device). You may complete the form in advance, or with an agent at check-in. Also include the disassembly/reassembly instructions for your device and note its battery type, if applicable.
• Attach the form to your wheelchair or scooter (a gate agent at boarding can assist you with this)
• If your wheelchair is non-battery powered and manually collapsible, you may be able to store your wheelchair on board , Go to footer note . Ask a gate agent about this option on your day of travel.


Bring an Assistive Device

You may need to bring an assistive device (such as a cane, walker or crutches) and we welcome those, too. Some items may be stored on board, while others will be checked at the gate as you board the plane. You may submit a “meet and assist” service request and/or an aisle chair if you need help getting to your seat after checking a device at the gate.

We’re committed to offering you a smooth travel experience to suit your mobility needs. Medical devices or medication may require additional planning. Review our Medical Devices and Medication  guidelines to prepare for your trip. 

Understand Travel with a Mobility Device

Mobility services may begin upon arrival at the airport, either at curbside or at the ticket counter, depending on the request you entered 48 hours prior to travel. If you bring your own mobility device, feel free check in on the Fly Delta app or at an airport kiosk and then head to your gate. If you requested a Delta wheelchair service, meet with a Delta representative for guidance to the Special Services check-in or the closest wheelchair staging area. If you completed your  Mobility Device Handling Form  please pass it to the ticket agent if you check your device at the counter, or give it to the gate agent when boarding if you bring the device to the gate.

Battery-Operated Devices at Check-In

Some battery-operated devices may be stowed upright in the cargo hold of the aircraft, while others may need to be disassembled and checked before you fly. Please check with the device manufacturer before you travel about whether or not your device may be stored on its side and see an agent at the airport for help with your battery-operated device.

Please have the printed Mobility Device Handling Form ready and the gate agent will assist you to attach the form to the back of your personal wheelchair or scooter when you arrive at your departure gate. Remember to:  

• Detach and carry onto the plane with you all removable parts (such as joystick, seat cushion, headrest, armrests or footrests) when you’re checking your device at the gate and bring device instructions if you’re unable to detach parts yourself, so an agent can assist 
• Tell the agent if you’d like your checked device brought back up to the jet bridge during connections or if you prefer to check it through to baggage claim

Feel free to board during pre-boarding. You may elect to board during pre-boarding or when your zone number is called. Depending on the service you requested, your boarding experience may vary.

Airport Wheelchair Boarding

If you’re unable to walk long distances or climb stairs, the wheelchair agent will escort you to the end of the jet bridge where you may board the aircraft and seat yourself.

Aisle Wheelchair Boarding     Aisle chairs are available if you need help boarding the plane from the jet bridge and getting into your seat. At the aircraft door, an agent will transfer you from your device into the aisle chair. (Aisle chairs have chest and leg straps to keep you secure during transfer. Please speak your needs to the transfer agent – your verbal direction is important for the agent to assist you best). Once securely in the transfer chair, the agent will assist you onto the aircraft and into your seat. 

We are committed to you having a safe and pleasant flight.  The in-flight crew can assist you with an onboard wheelchair and stowing or retrieving carry-on items.

Onboard Wheelchairs

Aircraft-designed onboard chairs are available for in-flight use that fit in the aisles and lavatories. These onboard wheelchairs can only be used with flight attendant assistance. Flight attendants cannot lift or carry you.

Depending on the plane, onboard wheelchairs may not fit in the lavatory. More details about accessible lavatories are below. 

Accessible Lavatories

Many of our larger aircraft have an accessible lavatory and you’re welcome to use the lavatory most convenient for you. Please contact us at 404-209-3434 for questions about accessible lavatories or to help you find the appropriate aircraft and flight for your needs.

Flight attendants are unable to assist with lavatory functions. They cannot lift or carry you or provide medical services, such as dispensing medicine or giving injections. Please consider buying another ticket for a care attendant or travel companion if you require these services during your flight.  

Frequently Asked Questions

We recommend you let us know about your device’s battery type at least 48 hours before you fly, so we can follow the correct U.S. Federal Dangerous Goods Handling Procedures and ensure the safe transport of your device.  The battery type in your device will affect your travel preparation: 

• Lithium-ion batteries have no restrictions. Follow the steps in our “Bring Your Personal Wheelchair” section. 
• Wet-cell spillable batteries require special handling. Contact us at 404-209-3434 (or dial 711 for relay services) at least 48 hours before you fly. 
• Dry-cell and gel-cell non-spillable batteries also require special handling. Check with the manufacturer to ensure the battery can travel on its side and then follow the steps in our “Bring Your Personal Wheelchair” section. 

To learn more about the handling of battery-operated devices, review our Battery or Fuel Powered Guidelines .  

Yes, if your non-battery operated wheelchair or mobility device meets the size restrictions for the approved storage space on the aircraft, you may stow your collapsible device on your flight. Wheelchairs take priority over other carry-on items.  

In general, the device may not exceed measurements of 13”x 36”x 42”, but the limits vary by aircraft. Please confirm with a gate agent before you board whether your device may be stowed or needs to be checked.

If your device can be stowed, Delta agents must confirm that it can be stowed without accidental in-flight activation. If we’re unable to confirm this, Delta must disconnect the battery post connectors and wrap each connector with tape to prevent electrical shorts during travel. 

If your device must be checked at the gate, it will be returned to you at the gate for use at your destination or connecting airport.

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Air Travel with Mobility Devices or Mobility Aids

 TripSavvy /  Julie Bang

If you or the person you are traveling with has mobility limitations, it will be reassuring to know that the airlines, and airports, have systems to accommodate you and assist you in your travelers. There are also procedures in place when you go through TSA security that you should be aware of. The Air Carrier Access Act (ACAA) is a law that makes it illegal for airlines to discriminate against passengers because of their disability and so there will be many processes in place to assist you.

This information and tips for traveling with a wheelchair, walker or cane, and for passengers with mobility restrictions  will help you prepare for your air travel.

Gate Checking Wheelchairs, Scooters and Walkers

If you have a wheelchair, power scooter, walker, or other mobility aid—any of these items can be checked after you arrive at the gate for your flight. Know what type of battery your device uses. Wet Cell batteries or Lithium-Ion batteries can sometimes be an issue so call the airline if this is the type you use. There are FAA designated rules for how to travel with Lithium-Ion batteries.

Most wheelchairs and walkers can be gate checked, so if you choose, you can use your walker or wheelchair right up to the door of the aircraft.

Getting Through TSA Security

You can remain in your wheelchair for most of the TSA security process . If you use a mobility device like a wheelchair, you can request a manual pat-down at airport screening if you cannot walk through the detectors. And you can request a same-sex screener to perform the manual pat-down.

If you use a cane, be aware that it will go on the belt and through the screening machines. If you cannot walk a few steps without your cane, advise the airport security screeners who may provide the options of either a manual pat-down, or will return your cane to you after it has been screened, and then you can proceed through airport security screening.

Escort Passes

If you are using a mobility device like your own wheelchair you may be able to get an escort pass for a loved one to escort you to the gate at some airports. If not, you can ask to have assistance with your chair and not switch over to one of the airline's ones. Escort pass holders must clear airport security and comply with the same regulations as an airline passenger.

Prep Your Wheelchair for Check-In

If you are gate-checking (or if at check-in there are no bags to put your wheelchair in) your wheelchair, make sure the footrests are either removed or folded to reduce the chance of it being damaged. If you have a cushion on your wheelchair remove that and bring it on board with you.

Advise the Airline of Your Mobility Limitation

If you use a mobility aid like a wheelchair or walker, advise the airline of the limits of your mobility—whether you can use stairs, whether you can walk any distance at all if the ground surface is flat, whether you can get to your seat by yourself and if you need a liftable armrest. It is important to notify the airline 48 hours in advance (or earlier) of your needs so that you can be assured of being accommodated.

All of this information is important in terms of getting the level of assistance you may need, and when the airline knows in advance, they can have appropriate staff there to help and are required by law to work with you to provide the accommodation.

Finding Your Mobility Device Upon Arrival

If you are checking-in your mobility aid at check-in and not the gate, ask where it will be brought upon arrival. Some airports have separate areas well away from the regular baggage carousel.

Documentation

Make sure your assistance requirements are on file with your airline and double check with either the check-in agent or the gate agent. There are times at the airport when there are unplanned for carry-off situations (when a passenger requires full assistance to be deplaned) and if the staff at the arrival airport isn't aware, it means that passenger can be stuck waiting while the airline scrambles to find staff trained in proper lifting to arrive.

Choose Your Seat Wisely and Consider Pre-Boarding

Regardless of your mobility restriction, if you need extra time to get to the aircraft then take advantage of pre-boarding. This can be requested a check-in.

Aisle seats are generally easier to manage as it can be difficult to access the lavatories when you are in a window seat in a bank of 3 seats.

Wheelchair Assistance

If you require wheelchair assistance  but are not going to use your own, call your airline and request wheelchair assistance at least 48 hours before your trip begins. The customer service representative will put a "requires special assistance" note in your reservation record and tell your departure, arrival, and transfer airports to provide a wheelchair.

There may or may not be a separate check-in position for special assistance.

Discounts for Attendant/Travel Companion

An attendant/travel companion may travel at discounted rates in some cases. Any possible situation where this may apply will need to go through your health care provider(s) and the airline's medical desk. Check with your airline to see if there are discounts for the person who accompanies you and what documentation they require.

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7 Of The Best Accessible Airlines for Disabled Passengers & Wheelchair Users

For decades, air travel has been a relatively stressful experience for those traveling with a disability. Where domestic, or transatlantic, crowded airports, long queues, luggage restrictions, and inflexible seating policies have all made flying a pain for those with mobility issues, leaving many to consider just staying home instead.

However, these days, when you are flying with a disability, there are more choices than ever. Airlines have made great strides in making air travel comfortable and seamless for everyone, including those with reduced mobility.

However, some airlines are better than others – while one might offer free use of mobility aids, another might not. So, before clicking “book”, it is a good idea to review the reputation of the airline you’re considering, especially concerning how they handle those with specific needs.

To assist you in your research, in this article we present the best airlines for disabled passengers and the most important things to consider when flying with a disability. 

In This Article

7 Best Airlines for Disabled Passengers

As the flag carrier to Australia, Qantas Airways has made significant strides in making air travel accessible to persons with reduced mobility. The airline provides a wide selection of specialized services and mobility aids to disabled travelers at the airport and on board the plane. 

They offer a meet and service option that you can request during booking. With this, Qantas will provide dedicated assistance staff to help you move from the check-in to the departure gate, claim baggage, and deliver your wheelchair on arrival. 

( Please Note : This service must be requested no less than 48 hours before the flight. This gives the airline ample time to prepare the necessary assistance for your unique requirements.)

Onboard, Qantas will provide a wheelchair to help you access the restroom, torso harness seats to protect you during take-off and landing, and staff to meet your needs during the entire flight. 

Qantas is a great airline for those with disabilities. If you would like to learn more about what they offer, please read this personal account flying with Qantas from  HaveWheelchairWillTravel.net .

We also link to the following resources from the Qantas website:

Qantas:  How To Request Specific Assistance

Qantas:  Contact Us About Specific Needs

2. American Airlines

Despite their patchy history, over the past six months, American Airlines have made great strides in their customer service and support. This includes their accessibility policies. And as of today, we can say American Airlines is another reliable airline that takes your disability needs to heart. 

When booking with American Airlines, you should let them know if you have any special needs and they will do their best to help you. For example, by providing a wheelchair for assistance moving from check-in to departure. 

As with Qantas, it is recommended you make any special requests within 48 hours of your flight to allow time for the airline to coordinate the meet and assist services for you.

During the flight, the flight attendants can help you access the aircraft lavatory by using the onboard wheelchair. The onboard lavatories are specially designed to accommodate all passengers with reduced mobility. 

Every plane American Airlines uses includes a collapsible chair onboard, and selected seats with removable aisle armrests to make the movement to and from the restrooms less difficult.

We link to the following resource from the American Airlines website:

American Airlines:  Special Assistance Policy

3. Air Canada

Air Canada is Canada’s flag carrier and the best in providing an all-round special service to disabled passengers throughout their flight and time at the airport. With excellent customer service, all your needs will be handled in no time from the check-in stage to retrieving your mobility aid at the destination airport.

Meet and assist services are provided on request and, as with the other airlines, preferably within 48 hours of the time of flight. Passengers traveling with mobility aids are required to notify Air Canada in advance to ascertain the device meets the requirements of the specific aircraft.

Some of the special services provided by Air Canada include:

• Stowing mobility aids if there is no enough space onboard
• Requesting special attention when booking
• Assistance provided during the registration at the check-in
• Designated wheelchair to use at the airport before taking off.

The most definitive feature that makes Air Canada the best in handling the disabled is the ability to request or change your seat to a more comfortable seat with no extra charges included. They go a long way to assign you an extra seat if it’s available.

We link to the following resource from the Air Canada website:

Air Canada:  Mobility

4. Delta Airlines

Delta Airlines is another airline dedicated to providing a seamless and comfortable air trip to all passengers regardless of their circumstances. Delta aims at ensuring accessibility to every individual with excellent meet and assist services up to the point of leaving the destination airport. Also, Delta provides a versatile seating accommodation by transferring passengers with disabilities to seats with removable armrests. 

Service animals are welcomed onboard Delta flights as long as they don’t block the aisle or emergency exits. 

On top of all this, Delta will transport your manual or electric wheelchair free of charge!

We link to the following resource from the Delta website:

Delta:  Accessible Travel Services

JetBlue strives towards making your air travel experience the most accessible possible by providing wheelchairs at the airport, pre-boarding and accessible seating, and carriage of assistive devices to customers with disabilities. You are required to board as early as possible to allow JetBlue to plan for your unique travel needs.

During boarding, passengers with disabilities are first allowed to board and stow their assistive devices before the general boarding. If you need an airline that puts the needs of disabled passengers first, JetBlue should be your first pick.

Passengers can qualify for designated seating when:

• Traveling with a caregiver
• Unable to transfer to over a fixed armrest
• Flying with a service animal
• Having a fused/immobilized leg

Passengers with their own assistive devices are required to inform customer service on the best way to handle and stow their wheelchair or mobility aid while avoiding damage. 

We refer to the following resource from the JetBlue website:

JetBlue: Accessibility Assistance

6. Virgin Atlantic

Virgin Atlantic is one of the best airlines for disabled travelers with a good track record of providing excellent mobility and medical assistance to their passengers, when given at least 48 hours’ notice.

Virgin Atlantic offers versatile seats and restroom access to passengers with disabilities. Most of their aircraft have moveable armrest seats to help with your mobility issues and fully equipped toilets accessible with the onboard wheelchair. The cabin crew can assist the passenger to and from the toilet door.

In terms of airport support, you can request meet and assist services to help you get to or from the aircraft. You must discuss with the special assistance team when planning to travel with your mobility aid.

The Virgin Atlantic leads in providing medical assistance and support to customers. They have a fully stocked supply of medical kits both in airports and on planes to give any assistance needed to anyone that needs it. 

We refer to the following resource from the Virgin Atlantic website:

Virgin Atlantic:  Mobility Assistance

7. Emirates

Passengers with special needs, including hearing, visual, and mobility requirements, can happily enjoy their air travel with Emirates Airlines . As long as you indicate your type of impairment at the time of booking, Emirates will ensure you have a great, comfortable experience.

On arrival at the airport, a meet and assist service is available to help with your mobility challenges to and from the departure gate. Wheelchairs are available on request in all the airport locations to assist you from the time you check-in to the time you leave. Emirates accepts onboarding with your wheelchair; however, it must meet the requirements of the aircraft. 

In-flight assistance and accessibility are excellent with onboard wheelchairs and aisles with moveable armrests. With this, you can access the lavatory any time you want regardless of your disability. The staff are great.

We refer to the following resource from the Emirates website:

Emirates:  Information For Customers with Special Needs

Things to Consider When Flying with a Disability

Know your rights under disability law.

As a disabled person, know what you’re entitled to and don’t shy away from asking for it. This will make your air travel experience less stressful. Luckily, there are some legislative policies and acts established to make air travel more accessible to persons with disability. While these standards are not uniform worldwide, all disabled people flying within the European Union (EU) and the US are entitled to support free of charge.

When flying outside the EU and the US, you must understand the disability regulations specific to the selected airline and the country you are flying to.

Avoid Wheelchair or Mobility Aid Damage

Failure to provide adequate assistance to wheelchair users is one of the common complaints amongst people flying with disabilities. Mishandled wheelchairs and delays when deplaning causes many wheelchair users to not travel at all. While airlines are responsible for repairing your damaged wheelchair, consider booking an airline with a good name in handling and storing wheelchairs during travel.

Restroom Access

Most single-aisle planes hardly have accessible toilets onboard. Even for two-aisle planes, the configuration of the restrooms is not favorable for persons with disabilities. Always see to it that you’ve requested an onboard wheelchair before take-off, preferably 48 hours before. The flight attendants can then help you to get to the bathroom.

Pick the Right Flight

Choosing the right flight is essential because different airlines provide a different level of customer support. Make sure to pick an airline with an unrivaled customer service reputation to make your travel less stressful. It’s worth noting that, typically, customer support and service for disabled people is free of charge, and that you should not pay any additional fees while onboard.

Final Thoughts

Traveling with a disability is not as stressful as it was in the past. With airlines restructuring their policies and standards to accommodate passengers with reduced mobility and other disabilities, you can look forward to a safe and easy journey despite your impairment. Always make sure to review the reputation of any airline before making a booking. While different airlines will provide differing experiences on how they handle disabled passengers, these best airlines for wheelchair users will ensure your disability does not in any way affect your travel experience.

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Special assistance

Accessible travel.

We're dedicated to providing a positive travel experience for all customers. You can request special assistance when booking your trip online or call us if you have special requests. A coordinator will contact you before your trip to make sure everything’s ready.

Request special assistance

Need special assistance for your trip? Here's how to request it on aa.com or the American app:

When booking a trip

Go to the 'Add special assistance' section on the passenger details page.

Book a trip

Already booked your trip?

• Find your trip using your confirmation code or log in to your AAdvantage ® account.
• In the Special Services section, select 'Special Assistance.'

Find your trip

Choose the service you need

• Wheelchair assistance
• Traveling with your own mobility or medical device
• Individual assistance for hearing, vision, cognitive or developmental disabilities
• Traveling with a service animal (approval required at least 48 hours before your flight)

Service animals

If you have specific needs, call us directly.

Contact Special Assistance

Wheelchair assistance at the airport

You can request wheelchair assistance for:

• Travel to and from your gate
• Navigating between gates for connecting flights
• Transport to baggage claim

We recommend that you request wheelchair assistance in advance by selecting 'Add special assistance' when booking or managing your trip on aa.com or in the American app.

You can also inform a team member at the airport about your wheelchair needs on the day of travel.

Hearing assistance

If you need help hearing important flight information, please inform a gate agent or flight attendant. Open captioning is available for safety videos.

Even if you don't need assistance, please let us know if you are deaf or hard of hearing. This helps us make sure you receive a safety briefing and important flight updates.

Vision assistance

Inform a ticket agent if you need help checking in or reaching your gate. Request a courtesy wheelchair, arm assistance, or directions when booking or managing your trip on aa.com, in the American app or when you arrive at the airport. Braille safety cards are available on board

Even if you don't need airport assistance, please let us know if you are blind or have low vision. This helps us make sure you receive a safety briefing and important flight updates.

Cognitive and developmental assistance

We help customers with cognitive or developmental disabilities board, deplane, and connect flights.

Customers needing constant care or who cannot follow safety instructions must travel with a safety assistant. You can buy a ticket for your assistant.

American may require a safety assistant if the customer cannot:

• Follow agent instructions to evacuate the terminal.
• Follow the in-flight safety briefing and crew instructions.
• Take care of personal needs related to food, hygiene, and medical conditions.
• Wait alone in a designated area until an escort arrives.
• Check into a hotel alone during weather delays and be ready for the next flight.

If we determine a customer needs a safety assistant for travel, they must be accompanied by one. Otherwise, we will not allow the customer to fly until a safety assistant is available.

Special seating

We’ll do our best to find the most comfortable and usable seats for your needs. Choose seats when booking your trip or call Reservations for help, especially if you:

• Are traveling with a safety assistant or need someone to help you during the flight.
• Can’t move over a fixed armrest.
• Are traveling with a service animal.
• Have a fixed or immobilized leg.
• Require extra space.

Customers needing special assistance can ask to board early at the gate.

Extra space during travel

If you need more than one seat to travel comfortably and safely, you must book an additional seat by calling Reservations. Please inform us of your seating needs when booking your trip.

• When you call to book, Reservations will make sure you get 2 adjacent seats at the same fare.
• You might be offered a seat in a higher class of service with more space; in this case, you’ll have to pay the difference in fare.
• If you didn’t book an extra seat in advance, ask an airport agent to check if 2 adjacent seats are available.
• If we can’t accommodate your needs on your original flight, you can buy seats on a different flight at the same price as your original seats.

Contact Reservations

Seat belt extensions

Request a seat belt extension from a flight attendant or gate agent if needed. Only seat belt extensions provided by American Airlines can be used.

Information for senior travelers

Here are some tips to make your trip easier:

• Request early boarding with the gate agent if you need extra time or assistance boarding.
• Request wheelchair assistance for help with long distances at the airport.
• Inform a team member if you have vision or hearing limitations so we can make sure you receive a safety briefing and important flight updates .

You can find more information about airport assistance on the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) website.

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The Air Carrier Access Act (ACAA) protects air travelers with disabilities from discrimination. The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) enforces this law, which applies to all flights within, to, or from the United States.

To get a copy of the ACAA regulations (Part 382):

• Call the hotline for air travelers with disabilities 800-778-4838 or 800-455-9880 (TTY)
• Call the Aviation Consumer Protection Division 202-366-2220 or 202-366-0511 (TTY)
• Write to: Office of Aviation Consumer Protection 1200 New Jersey Ave, SE Washington, DC 20590 United States
• Visit the Aviation Consumer Protection Division website:

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Airline Passengers with Disabilities Bill of Rights

This Bill of Rights describes the fundamental rights of air travelers with disabilities under the Air Carrier Access Act and its implementing regulation, 14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 382.

Read the Bill of Rights Opens another site in a new window that may not meet accessibility guidelines.

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The Ultimate Guide to Air Travel With a Disability

Christy Rodriguez

Travel & Finance Content Contributor

88 Published Articles

Countries Visited: 36 U.S. States Visited: 31

Keri Stooksbury

Editor-in-Chief

41 Published Articles 3376 Edited Articles

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Table of Contents

Know before you go, at the airport, on board your flight, once you’ve arrived, final thoughts.

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Traveling by plane is one of the safest and fastest ways to get to your destination. But crowded airports, long waits at security checkpoints, and baggage restrictions can make flying challenging when you have a disability.

According to the Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) , 25.5 million Americans ages 5 and older have self-reported travel-limiting disabilities. Unfortunately, information on how to travel with a disability can be hard to find.

To help streamline this information, here’s an in-depth guide to help you better navigate airports and flights while traveling with a disability. This guide also includes many tips and tricks to make flying a more enjoyable process.

Figuring out what the laws are and how they relate to your travel experience will help you plan, pack, and feel confident before your trip.

Your Rights

Knowing what you’re entitled to and not being afraid to ask for what you’re entitled to will make the entire flight process less stressful. With the help of legislation and strong advocacy, airlines, and airports are making flying more accessible for travelers with disabilities.

Don’t be afraid to stand up for yourself. You deserve a pleasant flying experience, and there are certain accommodations that you are entitled to, especially when it comes to ensuring your medical safety during a flight.

It is important to note that while most airports and U.S. facilities have accommodations available, you will probably have to ask for them.

Americans With Disabilities Act

The  Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) prohibits “discrimination and ensures equal opportunity for persons with disabilities in employment, state and local government services, public accommodations, commercial facilities, and transportation.”

While the ADA doesn’t extend to airline passengers, it does means that those with disabilities have the right to certain accommodations such as interpreters and TTY technology that make it safer to organize their travel.

Air-Travel Specific Rights

Passengers with disabilities are entitled to certain accommodations, free of charge, under the Air Carrier Access Act (ACAA) . The ACAA states that all domestic and international flights that have the U.S. as the destination or origination point are required to provide necessary accommodations to people with disabilities to ensure safe travel.

The U.S. Department of Transportation is responsible for enforcing the ACAA. The DOT’s guide includes videos and other digital content for best practices for airline personnel and the traveling public. Some of the topics include air travel with assistive devices as well as wheelchairs, service animals, and seating accommodations.

If you feel discriminated against on the basis of your disability, you can file a complaint directly with DOT by calling 202-366-4000 or via the Federal Relay .

Common Challenges With Air Travel

Unfortunately, there are complaints that are reported by those traveling with a disability. While there is definitely not a “one size meets all” solution, knowing some of the common problems other travelers have experienced can help you be better prepared if a similar situation arises.

Wheelchair Complaints

In the most recently-released DOT statistics for 2021 , airlines reported 33,631 disability-related complaints. This was similar to prior years, with a notable drop in 2020 due to COVID-related travel restrictions. Over half of the complaints reported related to the failure to provide adequate assistance to travelers using wheelchairs.

Damaged wheelchairs are also another common problem. While airlines are responsible for all repairs to a damaged wheelchair and providing you with a replacement, this process can be lengthy. A replacement must be provided in the meantime, but may not be up to the standards of your damaged wheelchair.

Since December 4, 2018, airlines are required to report separate monthly statistics for mishandled wheelchairs and mobility scooters. Now that the “wheelchair rule” is finally in effect, the information is published in DOT’s monthly Air Travel Consumer Reports. 

Bathroom Access

Another frequently reported concern is issues with bathroom accommodations on airplanes. Current airline standards require 20-inch wide aisles for all single-aisle planes. Especially if you don’t have access to your wheelchair on board, getting to the restrooms may be difficult.

Sylvia Longmire at Spin the Globe notes, “I can guarantee you that most domestic airlines do not have an onboard wheelchair if it is not requested with at least 48 hours’ notice. Even seasoned gate agents and flight attendants have no clue about this requirement.”

Making things even more complicated, there has been an increased move to single-aisle planes being used for long flights, such as the transcontinental American Airlines 737 MAX 8.

Service Animals

Passengers with service animals have to experience an additional layer of complexity, especially with the recent backlash against emotional support animals.

Many airline employees do not realize that service animals and emotional support animals are not the same things and there have been occasional reports of passengers with service animals being denied boarding. Unfortunately, service animals in training are generally not allowed either.

If You Encounter a Problem

If you do encounter a problem, don’t wait until your trip is complete to speak up. The DOT notes “you can request to speak with the airline’s Complaint Resolution Official (CRO) or a supervisor. A CRO is the airline’s expert on disability-related issues in air travel and has the authority to resolve complaints on behalf of the airline. Every airline must have a CRO available either by telephone or in-person during operating hours. ”

Discussing a problem with the CRO is the best way to resolve issues, but keep in mind that the pilot has the final say when it comes to issues of passenger safety. Asking the CRO to confirm his or her decision with the pilot can add another layer of protection for you.

Lastly, you can also call the DOT Aviation Consumer Protection Division’s Disability Hotline at 800-778-4838. For a full list of recommendations, please see the DOT’s website .

Pick the Right Flight

Choosing the right airline and flight is the first step. Ensuring that you select an airline with the best customer service reputation is important. Don’t forget to factor in any frequent flyer status you may have , airport layouts, flight lengths, and flight connections when you are looking at flight options as well.

Hot Tip: If you do have to make a connection, allow at least 90 minutes between connecting flights in order to ensure enough time to transfer between gates.

No matter which airline you select, always be sure to select the box for assistance when booking. This will help with seating and check-in processes later on.

U.S. Airline-Specific Accommodations

Not every airline offers the same accommodation. Below, you’ll find some major highlights for U.S. airlines regarding what the airline is able to provide to passengers with disabilities.

If you have reservations or are considering making reservations soon, please look into the airline-specific policies and procedures.

Alaska Airlines

Alaska Airlines staff does everything they can to assist those traveling with a disability. To ensure you have everything you need, try to make reservations as early as possible. Any special services can be requested online or over Alaska’s accessible services phone line at 800-503-0101 .

Additionally, let the airline know of any special requirements at check-in, in the boarding area, and on the aircraft to ensure staff is able to assist you. Lastly, arrive at the airport at least 2 hours before departure to allow ample time to board comfortably.

For a complete listing of Alaska Airlines’ disability policies, please see its website here .

Allegiant Air

If you are traveling with Allegiant and have a disability or need accommodations, be sure to mention it when booking a reservation online or over the phone. You can also contact the reservation center by phone at 702-505-8888 and request assistance to be added to your reservation.

There is no fee to travel with required medical or assistive devices such as walkers, canes, or strollers , and these items do not count towards your number of allowed carry-on items. If you have to check your assistive devices, this will be done for free as well.

For a complete listing of Allegiant’s disability policies, please see its website here .

American Airlines

If you have questions or want to make accessibility-related travel arrangements on American Airlines, you can do so online. When booking your trip, you can:

• Request wheelchair service
• Request individual assistance if you have a hearing, vision, cognitive, or developmental disability
• Indicate that you’re traveling with any electric medical equipment or a service animal. Notice is required within 48 hours of your flight.

In addition, you can call 800-433-7300 or, for hearing or speech-impaired assistance, call 800-543-1586 .

For a complete listing of American’s disability policies, please see its website here .

Delta Air Lines

When making reservations online, Delta has the ability to request accommodations through your My Trips section. In addition, they can be contacted via a TTY-accessible phone line at 404-209-3434 .

Delta notes that it is a “priority to deliver the best service and ensure accessibility for all Delta customers. Before boarding, in the air, at your destination, and anywhere in between, our gate agents and attendants will be available to assist.”

Depending on the type and age of the aircraft, accessible features of Delta’s fleet include movable aisle armrests, wheelchair stowage locations, onboard wheelchairs, and, on larger airplanes, wheelchair-accessible lavatories.

For a complete listing of Delta’s disability policies, please see its website here .

Frontier Airlines

When flying Frontier, notify a customer service representative online or via phone at 801-401-9004 if you need any accommodation.

It should be noted that if you’re traveling with a wheelchair or mobility device, it can be checked and doesn’t count toward your baggage allowance. You can also request to store the device on board when you make your reservation.

Frontier’s customer service representatives will also make sure that passengers with a disability have the opportunity to board before general boarding.

For a complete listing of Frontier’s disability policies, please see its website here .

Hawaiian Airlines

If you’re flying on Hawaiian, let the airline know in advance about any assistance you’ll need either online or by calling its Reservations Department at 800-367-5320.

Hawaiian Airlines can assign your seat at least 24 hours prior to your scheduled flight if you require assistance with a boarding chair to get to and from your seat, you’re traveling with a personal care attendant, or you’re traveling with a service animal.

If you need extra time exiting the aircraft, a wheelchair at your destination or transfer point, assistance in deplaning the aircraft, or assistance through the terminal, the airline requests that you notify a flight attendant at least 45 minutes before landing so they have time to make the necessary arrangements.

For a complete listing of Hawaiian’s disability policies, please see its website here .

When flying JetBlue, contact the airline at 800-JETBLUE to add any accommodation you might need to an existing reservation. JetBlue encourages passengers to notify them as early as possible of any accommodation so they can ensure you have an enjoyable flight.

JetBlue consistently gets good marks for accommodating those with wheelchairs. But note that JetBlue doesn’t offer curbside service at most of its airport locations so if you need help getting into or leaving the airport, make a request with a JetBlue staff member before you arrive or inside the terminal so they can provide the curbside assistance needed.

For a complete listing of JetBlue’s disability policies, please see its website here .

Southwest Airlines

If you’re flying with Southwest and need assistance, it’s best to inform the airline in advance, or as soon as you arrive at the airport so your requests can be fulfilled as quickly as possible. You can notify Southwest online or by calling 800-I-FLY-SWA .

Priority pre-boarding is available for those who have specific seating needs to accommodate their disability, who need assistance in boarding the aircraft, or who need assistance stowing any devices. This assistance can be requested from the customer service agent at the departure gate.

For a complete listing of Southwest’s disability policies, please see its website here .

Spirit Airlines

For Spirit, depending on what kind of assistance you need, you can request it when making a reservation online or through the Spirit Airlines reservations line at 801-401-2222 .

While Spirit generally charges for carry-on luggage , customers can take wheelchairs, walkers, canes, crutches, or assistive devices on board for free.

For a complete listing of Spirit’s disability policies, please see its website here .

United Airlines

When booking with United, any accommodations should be mentioned when booking so the airline staff can do their best to help you. This includes any assistance getting to your gate, boarding , getting to your seat, deplaning, or connecting.

In addition, make sure to call the airline’s disability desk at 800-228-2744 at least 48 hours in advance of your travel so the airline can ensure your needs are met.

Hot Tip: Certain seats on the aircraft are made available to passengers with a disability, but the request needs to be made at least 24 hours in advance of your flight. You can check your wheelchair or other devices at the ticket counter or gate as well.

For a complete listing of United’s disability policies, please see its website here .

Other Airlines

If your airline isn’t listed, contact the airlines you are considering, and make an informed decision as to which airline is right for you. Ensuring that accommodations can and will be made prior to your flight will relieve some anxiety and set you up for an enjoyable trip.

Hot Tip: If you book your tickets on a third-party site (like Expedia , Priceline , Hotels.com , etc.), there may not be an option to select assistance. If this is the case, be sure to contact the airline directly to request assistance.

Get Informed by Your Healthcare Provider

Your doctor should be able to discuss possible complications, health concerns, and any medications/ vaccinations you may need before traveling. It may also help to consider obtaining a statement from your doctor detailing any medical issues or accommodations.

A written letter may also be helpful for getting through TSA with any medications and/or medical devices.

Pick the Right Seat

Whether your airline allows you to select a seat prior to arrival or you are allowed to board first, there are a few things to consider when selecting your seat.

If the flight is longer, selecting the aisle versus window seat may be a difficult choice. If you select an aisle seat, you will be able to access the bathrooms easier; however, other passengers may require you to move so that they can also access the bathroom as well.

Hot Tip: Selecting a window seat, bulkhead seat , or the first row in any section may be the best bet.

In addition, look at the configuration of the specific airplane you will be flying and familiarize yourself with the layout in order to pick the best seat for you. Resources like SeatGuru are great for seeing layouts of the aircraft prior to boarding, which can help you prepare before you are even on board.

Select the seat that works best for you and your preferences.

Communication Is Key

Under the Air Carrier Access Act (ACAA) and DOT’s disability policies, passengers are generally not required to provide advanced notice for disability-related accommodations. However, it’s a good idea to call your airline in advance to arrange for accommodations.

In certain specific cases, an airline can require the passenger to provide advance notice of any traveling condition. A few examples are:

• Passengers needing to hook up a respirator to the aircraft’s electrical power supply
• Passengers needing to travel in a stretcher
• Passengers needing carriage of an incubator

Check here for a complete list of these situations. As the DOT states, “if a passenger does not meet the advance notice or check-in requirement, airlines must make a reasonable effort to provide the requested service, but are not required to delay the flight in order to do so.”

If you suffer from any food allergies, you should make requests when you are booking your flight. If you are concerned about other food that might be on board, check out our Ultimate Guide to Flying With Allergies [Includes Nut Policies for 60 Airlines] for more information.

In addition to confirming with your airline, don’t forget to contact the hotels you are staying at so they are prepared for your arrival as well.

Pack Strategically

Necessary medical equipment, such as a wheelchair, CPAP machine, or diabetes monitoring equipment, doesn’t count toward your carry-on items.

Make sure to keep important documents such as your flight plan, doctor’s note, emergency contacts, and any necessary medical information easily accessible in your carry-on. Pack medical alert information, and keep it with you. In the case of an emergency, this information can be a literal lifesaver.

Leave Early

Don’t forget about transportation to and from the airport. Get to the airport early — 2 to 3 hours early for domestic flights, and even earlier for international flights.

If you have a wheelchair, make arrangements in advance to have an accessible vehicle take you to the airport and pick you up in your destination city.

Getting Checked In

If you have made prior arrangements, many airlines will designate an employee to meet you curbside when you arrive or at check-in with a wheelchair, if you need 1, and guide you through security.

If not, a good first stop would be at your airline’s ticket counter. Here you can make or confirm that all accommodations can be met. This is also where you may be assigned designated personnel to help you get through security.

If you have any medical devices that you will not need at the airport, here is where you will check them in. These should be checked free of charge.

At the TSA Security Checkpoint

The TSA has a helpline available for travelers with disabilities and medical conditions. You can call TSA Cares at 855-787-2227 for additional assistance during the security screening process. According to the TSA website, you should call 72 before traveling “with questions about screening policies, procedures, and what to expect at the security checkpoint.”

At a high level, TSA notes that you should consider completing and submitting a  TSA notification card or other medical documentation to describe your condition. TSA does not require passengers to remove their shoes if they have disabilities and/or medical conditions.

TSA PreCheck can help make sure going through security is as easy as possible. Those with TSA PreCheck memberships have shorter waiting times and aren’t required to remove shoes, laptops, liquids, belts, or light jackets when they go through security.

If you are not a TSA PreCheck member, make sure that you are wearing easily removable shoes, belts, and jackets. Also, make sure that you can easily take out any liquids and electronics from your carry-on to go through the X-ray machine. Don’t hesitate to request help from TSA if you need it.

Here are some other tips for getting through the TSA security checkpoint . TSA has its own set of guidelines for special procedures that you may find worthwhile to read through as well.

Service and Emotional Support Animals

Service and emotional support animals are treated very differently, but can easily be confused by airline staff. Be sure you know the documentation requirements to fly before your flight to avoid any issues.

Airlines are required to allow service animals to fly with their partners in the cabin of the aircraft free of charge. Any equipment required for your service animal is also permitted to be flown in the cargo hold as medical equipment, also free of charge.

If you have a service animal, make sure you have the proper documentation from your doctor that qualifies the animal as a service animal. Also, make sure you contact the airline and inform the airline staff that you will be traveling with a service animal so they can be prepared on the day of your flight.

Hot Tip: Here is the ultimate guide to service dogs on planes , including airline-by-airline rules.

Emotional Support Animals

In 2021, the U.S. Department of Transportation issued a ruling removing emotional support animals as service animals. This took effect on January 11, 2021, and most of the major carriers, including Alaska Airlines ,  American Airlines , Delta , JetBlue , Southwest Airlines , and United , have responded by completely banning emotional support animals .

Bottom Line: Note that on many carriers, you can still transport animals under the seat in carriers, however, you will need to pay the applicable pet fees in order to do this.

Getting to the Gate

When it comes time to get to your gate, arrange any necessary assistance with your airline. If you choose to head directly to your gate, the agent should check you in with the gate agent. This way, you can get any necessary pre-boarding information.

Bron from Smith’s Holiday Road says, “communicate with staff at all points as sometimes information isn’t passed from ground staff to onboard staff. Be flexible. Smile and don’t demand! Be firm but friendly!”

In addition, some airlines have a tag that is placed on wheelchairs or other medical equipment to let the ground staff know to bring the wheelchair to the gate once landed.

According to Eamon Wood at Wayward Wheeler , having your wheelchair really helps. “Because although it isn’t the end of the world to be pushed around the airport in an airport chair, it does take away independence and the want to fly again.”

Hot Tip:  If you are a rewards member or cardholder who receives special access to lounges, don’t hesitate to use those perks. These lounges help make travel less stressful. Check out our guide to the best credit cards for lounge access .

Boarding Your Flight

Be sure you check in with your gate agent prior to your flight. Pre-boarding and other boarding accommodations can be arranged or confirmed at this point. Pre-boarding allows you more time to get settled on board the plane. In addition, for those airlines without assigned seats, you will also get your pick of seating options.

Properly trained staff must be available to help people with disabilities board and exit the plane. While they have been trained on how to accommodate you, communication is key. For example, if there are any areas on your body that are painful to the touch, be sure to inform them.

Another tip from Eamon at Wayward Wheeler is to “take all loose items e.g. cushions, bags, etc. out of your wheelchair before it goes in the hold. It may not be there when you land!”

Transfer From a Wheelchair

Cory Lee from Curb Free with Cory Lee notes “actually getting on the plane is the number 1 thing that wheelchair users worry about.” Cory has an ebook as well with more information about air travel for wheelchair users.

An aisle chair can be used to transport immobile passengers from their own wheelchair to a seat on the airplane and can also be used to access the lavatory during the flight. This is the most common transfer device, but may not be available on all aircraft.

If this option is not available, 2 other options, Eagle Lifters, and ADAPTS slings, are designed to safely transfer passengers requiring full assistance to and from wheelchairs and aircraft seats.

Transfer to the sling and sling placement will be performed inside an empty air bridge or similar private area. Staff members use the sling to negotiate the aircraft aisle, straddle the aircraft seat, and lower the passenger into the seat.

Airlines are not permitted to hand-carry passengers on and off aircraft. This means staff members can’t directly pick up a passenger in the arms of airline personnel. However, you may choose to bring a companion who is able to lift you and transfer you from your wheelchair to your seat.

Once on board, an individual with a disability cannot be required to sit in a particular seat or be excluded from any seat, except as provided by FAA safety rules, such as the FAA Exit Row Seating rule.

If you are bringing a service animal on board, they must be able to fit without blocking aisles, exits, or another passenger’s seat.

Wheelchair Considerations

According to the ACAA, every U.S. airline that seats more than 60 passengers must be equipped with an accessible bathroom or an aisle wheelchair to help you reach the bathroom if the bathroom is not accessible. If possible, request or select an aisle seat close to the bathroom.

There are some limitations to the help you can be provided on a flight. Flight attendants can help guide disabled passengers to and from the bathroom, but cannot provide any other type of assistance in the lavatory.

Some airlines have a limit for lithium wheelchair batteries of a maximum of 300 watt-hours, and the batteries need to be disconnected and brought into the cabin with the passenger.

It is always important to review the specific policies of each airline you are traveling with as several foreign airlines do not allow wheelchair users to travel alone.

Other Considerations

In addition to the items noted above, airline crew members can help passengers with disabilities identify food items and open packages, but cannot actually feed passengers. If you need more assistance than can be provided by flight attendants, consider traveling with a companion who is able to better assist you.

Tips for Travel

With the help of some travel professionals, here are some top tips for traveling with a disability. They can be categorized into a few main areas:

If You Have a Physical Disability:

• Use your own wheelchair or mobility equipment, and check it at the gate. While airlines may be able to provide you with 1 for use at the airport, using your own equipment can eliminate wasted time and stress from switching back and forth.
• Bring spare parts.
• If your wheelchair needs wet-cell batteries or anything that typically isn’t allowed on airplanes, make sure to call ahead and talk with TSA about your equipment needs.

If You Have a Visual Impairment:

• Research the airport layout before your trip. If you have a general idea of where certain things are within the airport, it’ll be easier for you to maneuver on the day of your flight.
• Carry a cane. It will come in handy if you do end up needing it while navigating a crowded airport that you’ve never been in, but it will also help TSA and other travelers understand that you are visually impaired.
• Use a tool, such as a luggage locator, to help you find your bag with an audible sound.
• Download an audible GPS app for your trip.

If You Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing:

• Set up text alerts on your phone. Most airlines utilize overhead speakers in an airport for last-minute updates and changes.
• Pack extra batteries and a spare hearing aid.
• Bring along a medical note to provide to TSA or anywhere else you may need accommodations.
• Carry a notepad and a pen for emergencies.

If You Have a Neurological Impairment:

• Talk to your doctor about medications that can help with a long flight.
• Make sure to give yourself adequate rest during your trip.
• If you take daily medication at a certain time, make sure you have a watch or other device that stays synced to your home time zone schedule so that you can stay on track while you’re traveling.

If You Have a Developmental Disability:

• If you are sensitive to noise or light, bring noise-canceling headphones and a sleeping mask to help block noise or light out.
• Pack weighted blankets in your carry-on.
• Download your favorite calming music to play.
• For longer flights, bring a tablet that has activities downloaded to help keep you calm and engaged. Also, make sure you have a charger or portable USB charger so that your device’s battery doesn’t die.

Having pre-arranged transportation is always a good way to make sure that you are taken care of at your destination. Having written translations of your disability or what accommodations you may need abroad could help your destination ensure that you have everything you need for a safe trip. Know your medical coverage in case of an emergency.

Whether you have a disability, temporary or otherwise, or you’re traveling with someone with a disability, the challenges remain the same.

There is no 1 solution, but accessible travel is more possible than ever with proper planning and the other great tips mentioned above. Being prepared, knowing your rights, and good communication are all key when ensuring you enjoy your journey.

In addition to those noted above, a special thanks to the following experts who assisted us in reviewing this article:

• Martyn Sibley from Martyn Sibley
• Jeri and Carrieanna from Anything is Possible Travel

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Flying as a Wheelchair User Is Never Easy—But These 8 Tips Help Me Every Time 

The world has become more accessible since the enactment of the Americans with Disabilities Act in 1990. Destinations are adding smoother curb cuts, wheelchair-friendly attractions , and accessible transportation to better welcome travelers of all abilities.

However, despite these societal adaptations, wheelchair users are presented with another problem: How do we get to these destinations without our wheelchairs getting damaged during flight? Airlines damage an average of 29 wheelchairs per day, and it's something I worry about every time I fly. 

As a wheelchair user and frequent traveler, I have learned from experience that there are some things that make flying easier though—when it comes to protecting yourself, your chair, and reducing stress and discomfort during the journey. Below, my top eight tips for flying as a wheelchair user.

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1. Call the airline

As soon as you've booked your flight, call the airline directly. Remind them of when you are flying, giving them your confirmation number, and explain that you will be bringing your wheelchair. Let them know details of your chair—height, weight, length, and width—to minimize issues when you arrive at the airport. If you have a powered wheelchair, you will need to let them know if your battery is either wet, dry, or gel cell. (If you’re not sure what type of battery you have, call your wheelchair supplier to find out.). Tell the airline about any personal needs as well, like if you need the aisle chair to board the plane, or if you will need assistants to help transfer you into your plane seat. 

2. Know your rights

Take some time to read the Air Carrier Access Act (ACAA) before your flight. This law makes it illegal for airlines to discriminate against any passenger due to a disability. This law is enforced by the Department of Transportation (DOT) and applies to all flights to, from, and within the United States. The ACAA states that airlines must help passengers with disabilities in boarding, deplaning, making connections, and maneuvering between gates. There is also a timeline for helping wheelchair users off the plane, and it states that wheelchair users will be given more time to board if needed. By reading the law, you can educate yourself and know if the treatment you are receiving is aligned with your rights as a passenger.

3. Store any removable wheelchair parts

Once you are at the plane door and ready to board, remove any parts of your wheelchair that you do not want the airline or ground crew to damage. I always remove my headrest and knee supports, but some wheelchairs also have a joystick that can unplug and detach (if yours does, I'd suggest removing it).

I always bring a tote bag to store these parts in, and I carry my cushion with me onto the plane and place it in my seat. The closet on the plane is the perfect spot to hang your spare parts, so they are safe during the journey—flight attendants are always happy to assist with this. Removing parts before boarding allows me to be most comfortable during the flight and less stressed about what might get damaged. 

4. Pack a backpack with quick-fix supplies 

After flying time and time again, there are several items I will no longer fly without. I always pack a backpack with several “quick fix” supplies. Zip ties and duct tape are useful for a quick repair if your wheelchair gets slightly damaged during flight. I also like to pack bubble wrap , masking tape , and a plastic bag so that I can seal my joystick (since mine does not easily remove) by wrapping the bubble wrap around it, putting the plastic bag over that in case it is raining at the destination upon arrival, and then wrapping the masking tape around the bag to hold it in place. Several strips of Velcro in different lengths can also come in handy if the aisle chair does not have enough straps to help you to feel safe or if extra “harnesses” are needed throughout your journey. I would also suggest packing straws in your carry-on bag if drinking without them can be difficult for you, as most airlines no longer have them onboard. 

5. Get TSA pre-check

While flying as a wheelchair user can be stressful, the whole process of going through security can be even more uncomfortable. As the “able-bodied” people pass through the x-ray scanner in security, us wheelers often get left sitting while waiting for the dreaded and invasive pat down. This is where the TSA officer takes the wheelchair user aside to make sure there is nothing hidden on your person or in, on, or underneath your wheelchair. They also most often swab your hands, shoes , and wheelchair, checking for any drug or explosive residue. If you want to avoid this whole pat-down experience, I’d suggest getting TSA Pre-Check. (You can sign up online for approval usually within 3-5 days; it currently costs $85 for a five-year membership, though some credit cards will cover the cost .) If you qualify for TSA Pre-Check, you can bypass the pat-down completely. 

6. Purchase a sling or lift

If you are unable to assist with transfers, you may want to purchase a sling with handles to place underneath you. This will allow airport staff to best help you into your airplane seat without uncomfortably manhandling. I have two slings that are both perfect for an easy transfer: One is the ableSling and the other is The Perfect Lift . Both are comfortable when underneath me and have handles that the airline staff can use, and they allow me to stay in a seated position while transitioning from the wheelchair to the aisle chair and then the aisle chair to the plane seat. Everyone’s needs are different, so the most important thing is choosing a transfer sling that works best for you.

7. Plan for your restroom needs

As a wheelchair user, being able to access the restroom while flying can be more than challenging. Restrooms on planes are very small, and if you need to transfer onto the toilet there’s not a lot of room to maneuver within the space. Even worse than that, if you are not able to transfer yourself and need total assistance, the space for the extra people just doesn’t exist. Until the day comes when airplanes are fully accessible, there are only a few options for us wheelchair users that can help.

Personally, I choose to begin dehydrating myself the day before my flight. Although this is not ideal for my health, it works for me. I also cut back on my meals and eat light foods the day prior to flying. I eat things like grilled chicken breast, cheese, and crackers. The less I can eat the day prior, the better for me—these are my “safe” food options. I do not want to eat a heavy, greasy meal the day before or the day of my flight as it may upset my stomach. I also wear a brief for traveling just in case of an emergency. Other options that may work for you are condom catheters for men or a urinal jug , while covered with a blanket at your seat. While none of these options are ideal, the inaccessibility of airline restrooms has given wheelchair users no other options. It's important to plan ahead. 

8. Report any chair damages before leaving the airport

When you reach your destination and your wheelchair is returned to you, always inspect it to see if there has been any damage during the flight. If there are issues, notify airport staff immediately. After they make a report at the gate, continue down to the baggage claim area and request a Complaint Resolution Official (CRO). With the CRO the report of damage will be filed, and you will receive a reference number for your claim. Although the airline may offer to repair your damages, heads up: they may not be completed as quickly as you need. Additionally, after leaving the airport, you should go online to file a report with the Department of Transportation. On this website , just select “file a consumer complaint” and fill it out. Everyone hopes to avoid damages, but if they do occur, it's important to take the proper steps to get your chair repaired as quickly as possible. 

Although flying can come with its challenges as a wheelchair user, being prepared and knowing your rights can reduce the stress (somewhat)—plus, you can be your best advocate for what you want and need from your flying experience.

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A-Z Guide: Air Travel + Power Wheelchairs

The two most difficult aspects of air travel are not being allowed to remain in one’s wheelchair on the plane and the lack of truly accessible restrooms.* Two-aisle aircraft placed in service after 1992 are required to have an accessible restroom, but the standards for what constitutes accessible are very low (and bear little resemblance to those in the ADA access guidelines or California law), and the designated “accessible” restrooms are not really accessible.

Author’s Note: I have facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD), began using a power wheelchair in 1990, and have used one full-time since 1996. I’ve used a power wheelchair on all my trips involving air travel since 1990 within the US and to Europe and Israel.

Consult Your Doctor Depending on the nature of your disability, flying may pose particular medical risks. All air travelers are at increased risk of blood clots, for example, but the risk can be greater for those with limited mobility. For some, this can be mitigated by taking a blood thinner such as Lovenox on the day of a flight. If you are anxious about flying or unable to sleep on a flight, antianxiety medications or sleeping pills may help. Your doctor can evaluate and help you mitigate the medical risks of air travel.

Men and Condom Catheters Even for those who don’t regularly use one, an external condom catheter can help men deal with the lack of accessible restrooms on airplanes. Men’s Liberty by Bioderm is a superb product. For more information, see my memo about it.

Travel Companions Air travel is difficult in a power wheelchair even with someone to help; traveling solo would be unimaginably difficult, so fly with a travel companion .

Use Major Airports Of course, this is easier for people who live near major cities or are traveling to them, but for those who don’t or aren’t, it may well be worthwhile to drive or take a train to a major airport. Many small airports can handle only smaller aircraft, which may not have a large enough cargo compartment to accommodate your wheelchair. Small airports may not have jetway boarding, which means you would have to be carried up or down boarding stairs. They may not have the right personnel or the right equipment to handle you and your wheelchair. 

[* Note: Many of the greatest physical demands, most difficult problems and barriers, and greatest risks in air travel for passengers who use wheelchairs are caused by requiring us to get out of them. Air travel is the only essential, widely used mode of transportation where we have no choice but to relinquish our wheelchairs – unlike buses, streetcars, subways, light rail, intercity railroads, taxis, paratransit vehicles, ferries, cruise ships, riverboats, Venetian water buses, even funiculars, and even rides including the London Eye, where we remain in them. Whether this is humane, fair, and reasonable, and whether the airline industry and regulators have seriously considered the issue in the past 20 years, are beyond the scope of this memo.]

Nonstop Flight Pros and Cons. At each stop, there is a chance your wheelchair may be damaged or delayed. More stops mean a greater risk of losing or forgetting important carry-on luggage. More stops also mean more transfers, which is more tiring. Depending on the fare, it can be worth paying more for a nonstop flight or one with fewer stops. However, the downside of a long flight is a longer period without being able to use the restroom; some people choose instead to break up a long haul with a layover so they can use the restroom at the airport.

Layovers You are the first passenger on the plane and the last one off. (You might not be the first passenger on if things don’t go smoothly, but you (and any other passengers who use wheelchairs) will always be the last one off.) It can take a while for your wheelchair to be unloaded and loaded again, even if you don’t choose to have it delivered to the aircraft door. Your incoming flight may be late. The outbound gate may be far from the inbound one. Err on the side of too long a layover rather than too short. What is too short may depend on the airport, but I try to avoid itineraries with less than a two-hour layover. Don’t rely on what the reservation agent may say about whether a layover time is adequate – they generally don’t know, and it is you who will pay if anything goes wrong, not the airline.

Avoid Arriving Late Night Depending on the destination, accessible transportation from the airport to your lodging may be limited and should be arranged in advance. It’s likely to be more difficult, if not impossible, to arrange transportation if your plane arrives late at night. And if it’s available, it may be more expensive. A late arrival time means less margin of error – even if you can arrange for accessible transportation at night, what if your flight is delayed? Consider also that if you’re staying at an apartment, bed-and-breakfast, or small hotel, they may not be set up for a late check-in. Also, if you are on a connecting flight and your plane arrives late and you miss the next flight, or your flight is delayed until the following morning, it may be quite difficult to find accessible lodging on the spur of the moment.

“Redeye” Flight Advantages Those who are able to sleep on a redeye may find the lack of restroom access less difficult than on a daytime flight.

Wheelchair Fitting on the Airplane Before making a reservation, find the aircraft and check online to find the dimensions of the cargo hold (cargo compartment) and the cargo hold door. On some airplanes, the cargo hold door is wider than it is high, and if your wheelchair is too high, the baggage handlers will put it on its side, which is bad for the wheelchair. Putting a wheelchair on its side can bend the armrests, bend the frame, loosen cables and screws, and cause other damage. Even if a wheelchair may just barely fit the stated door height, the baggage handlers may put it on its side because they need room to maneuver. Two-aisle planes generally have larger cargo compartments and higher doors than a single aisle. For single-aisle planes, the larger the airplane, the better. I fly only Boeing and Airbus and avoid Embraer and Bombardier.

Making a Reservation For international flights, I make reservations by phone. For domestic, I usually book online and call the airline after making the reservation. It’s helpful to ask for the accessibility/disability office. Emphasize that you will be traveling in a power wheelchair and you cannot walk. Mention that the wheelchair has gel cell batteries (if true). (See below.) If you want to remain in your wheelchair until the airplane door and have it delivered to the door upon arrival (“gate delivery”), tell the agent. I describe the boarding assistance I need, emphasizing that it takes two strong men to lift me from my wheelchair to an aisle chair and from the aisle chair to an airplane seat. You may need to repeat many of these things at the airport, but it’s good to get them on record when you make your reservation.

Choosing Seats SeatGuru has information about every aircraft, arranged by the airline. You can look up the airline and airplane, and find a seat map and information about the dimensions of each class of seat. Different airlines often have different configurations, including seat width, on the same model of airplane. I always look at SeatGuru when making a reservation and choosing seats. 

Many airlines reserve bulkhead seats that are not in an exit row for passengers with disabilities. (Per federal regulations, passengers who can’t walk aren’t allowed in an exit row because they would impede evacuation in an emergency.) Bulkhead seats involve a trade-off. They generally have more legroom, and there is no seat in front of you, so nobody can recline into your space. But the armrests are fixed. Transferring (or being lifted) to and from an airplane seat is much more difficult if the aisle armrest is fixed. And bulkhead seats are narrower because the tray tables are stowed in the armrests. The narrowness, plus the fact that both armrests are fixed, not only the aisle one, makes it more difficult and less comfortable to reposition and spread one’s legs.

If you choose not to have a bulkhead seat, make sure that your seat is in a row where the aisle seat has a flip-up armrest. Over the years, as new aircraft are rolled out and old ones are refurbished, more aisle armrests flip up. (SeatGuru doesn’t have this information; you need to ask the airline.)

Aisle seats are much better than middle or window for passengers who use wheelchairs. A few airlines, such as Lufthansa on its intra-Europe flights, assign window seats to wheelchair users because they want to make it easier for able-bodied passengers to go to the restroom and to exit in an emergency. In these situations, I’ve always been able to insist on an aisle seat.

US federal Air Carrier Access Act regulation Section 382.38(a)(4) (14 CFR §382.38(a)(4)) requires that bulkhead seats or other seats with greater legroom be assigned to passengers whose legs are fused or immobilized if they so request in advance. Section 382.38(c) provides a lesser degree of priority to disabled people who state that they need seat assignment accommodation to “readily access and use the carrier’s air transportation services.” The airline isn’t required to offer the disabled passenger one of the seats blocked for passengers whose legs are fused or immobilized, or seats blocked for passengers with service animals, but is required to assign him or her any seat, not already assigned to another passenger, that accommodates his or her needs, even if that seat is not available for assignment to the general passenger population at the time of the request.

I believe the latter section requires an airline to assign a seat with extra legroom to a disabled passenger who needs and requests it even if their legs aren’t fused or immobilized. Among other things, it’s less difficult (although still difficult) to transfer or be assisted from an aisle chair into an airplane seat when there is more legroom – not only for the passenger but for the assistance personnel. And there is less risk of injury for both. These requests must be made at least 24 hours before the flight, but it’s advisable to make them as early as possible.

Over the past several years, at my request, United Airlines has assigned me and my wife Economy Plus seats at the same fare as regular economy seats. Economy Plus seats have more legroom than regular economy seats. If I’ve made reservations online and paid extra for Economy Plus, I’ve been able to email or call United and get a refund. Economy Plus is United’s name for economy class seats with extra legroom; many other airlines have analogous seats.

In May 2017, we flew United to Paris on a Boeing 787 Dreamliner. The Dreamliner air quality is noticeably better than on other planes. The ceiling of the airplane seems higher and the overhead compartments (both in the middle and the sides) are recessed deeper into the ceiling. The configuration is 3-3-3. The rows of seats are offset against each other by half the length of the seat, so if you are in an aisle seat, the passenger on the other side of the aisle isn’t directly at your side, but offset, which makes it feel less crowded. We had Economy Plus seats, which had excellent legroom. There were no brackets on the floor from the seats in front of us, which other airplanes sometimes have, even on Economy Plus, so there were no brackets for my legs to get caught on. My wife and our friend didn’t care for the actual seats, but I found them more comfortable than the typical seat. A drawback, however, was that the armrests are a bit less deep (they don’t extend as far forward). On most airplane seats the upright position is best for me, but on the Dreamliner, I was more comfortable with the seat reclining a bit and an REI blowup cushion behind my back.

Although I had to wait a long time to get my wheelchair at both arrivals, the actual flights were better than many in the past, and I felt less jetlagged after both flights. This was my first experience with a Dreamliner. Bear in mind that other airlines may have different configurations and dimensions on their Dreamliners.

Request Boarding Assistance At most US airports and many foreign ones, boarding assistance is provided by a third-party contractor, not the airline. Many of the assistance personnel mostly push people in wheelchairs who can walk but can’t handle long distances; many of them aren’t strong enough or trained to lift and transfer passengers who can’t walk. If you fly even moderately frequently from your local airport, it’s worthwhile to get to know the service provider so they know your needs. (I’m 6 feet tall, not light and I need to be lifted, and I emphasize that it takes two strong men to get me on and off the plane.)

Over the years I’ve gotten to know the managers and assistance personnel at the service provider at San Francisco International Airport, where I fly out of, and I email them in advance of a flight, explain my assistance needs, and tell them the departure and return flight information. (It’s important to include the return flight information – they won’t get it from the airline.) I asked for a couple of the assistance personnel by name, with whom I’ve had good experiences and established a relationship. That has resulted in much better service for me and less risk of injury for both of us.

Use Gel Cell Batteries Gel cells are non-spillable and safer than wet batteries. I believe that airlines will only accept wheelchairs with gel cell batteries. Gate agents always ask what type of batteries you have. I sense that gel cells are by far the most common wheelchair battery. 

Battery Charger and Plug Adapter Have the right charger and adapter when traveling abroad. The electrical supply in the US is 110 Volts (nominally 120 V), while in most other countries it’s between 220 and 240 V. Research the voltage at your destination and, if it’s more than 120 V, buy a charger with the right voltage, typically 220/240. Chargers with dual settings (110/120 and 220/240) are also available. Lester Electrical (whose chargers are made in the US) and MK Battery make chargers for wheelchair batteries.

Electrical outlets/plugs vary from country to country. Research the plug at your destination and buy an appropriate plug adapter before your trip. Although you can buy one at your destination, you’ll save time and hassle if you buy it at home before your trip and you’ll be able to charge your chair the first night at your destination.

What Else to Bring Bring tools, a few tire tubes, and extra wheelchair parts. Many power wheelchair users routinely carry these items all the time. It’s even more important to have them when traveling.

Research Wheelchair Repair Companies In advance of the trip, research wheelchair dealers at your destination who can repair your brand of wheelchair. Although you can do this online at your destination, it’s better done in advance than amid an emergency.

Handling Instructions Write brief instructions for handling your wheelchair, have them laminated, and attach them to your wheelchair. State your name and the make and model of the wheelchair. Specify the weight of the wheelchair in pounds and kilograms. State that the wheelchair should not be put on its side or lifted by the seat. I doubt whether most airline personnel read the instructions, but if anything happens to your wheelchair you can truthfully say that you gave the airline instructions. When traveling to France or Italy I include instructions in French or Italian.

Clearing Security Clearing security is one aspect of flying that has steadily improved since 9/11 for travelers who use wheelchairs. The TSA agents in the US and their counterparts in Europe have become more experienced, empathetic, and efficient in dealing with passengers in wheelchairs.

Most airports now allow travelers in wheelchairs to go to the front of the line, recognizing that this saves time for everyone and reduces the risk of flight delay due to the extra time it takes for a passenger in a wheelchair to pass through security and the extra time required to load a wheelchair and get the passenger on board the plane. Even though you may be at the front of the line, it can take time for a security agent of your gender to be available to pat you down. Often the security agent will ask if you are traveling with anyone, expecting that your traveling companion will take off your shoes and jacket, and help with your carry-on items. I say that I am traveling with someone but she has her hands full with her items and cannot help the security agent.

In most cases, especially in recent years, the security agent will allow me to keep my shoes and jacket on. The security agent will remove any backpacks, carrying cases, and the like from your wheelchair and put them in the x-ray machine. I explain that there are wheelchair tools in them, and I try to keep an eye on these items. I’ve never had a security agent refuse to put them back in my wheelchair’s carrier compartment, even though they include wrenches and pliers. Besides physically patting you down, the agent will swab your wheelchair in several places with cloth pads and run the pads through a detector machine.

TSA PreCheck TSA Precheck is a program of TSA that offers expedited security processing, and enrollees don’t have to remove their shoes, belts, light jackets, liquids, and laptops. On a recent round-trip from San Francisco to Chicago, my wife and I were treated as PreCheck passengers at both airports even though we hadn’t enrolled; clearing security was quick and easy. Enrollment requires completing an online application and having a brief in-person appointment that includes a background check and fingerprinting.

Landing Procedures at the Gate Remain in your wheelchair until you reach the airplane door, and ask for gate delivery.

This is a matter of personal preference. The other alternative is to be transferred at the front of the airport from your wheelchair to an uncomfortable manual wheelchair that doesn’t have a seat cushion, has a minimal backrest, and doesn’t have adjustable armrests or footrests. From there you would be pushed to the boarding area and airplane door, and then transferred into an aisle chair, and from the aisle chair into the airplane seat.

You would lose your independent mobility for a longer time, sit in an uncomfortable wheelchair, and have an additional set of transfers. It would be more difficult to use the restroom at the airport. Also, your traveling companion would have to carry more items through the airport, including removable parts of your wheelchair. If you remain in your power wheelchair, some carry-on items can be hung on the backrest.

Domestic Departures For domestic departures, I remain in my wheelchair, proceed to the boarding gate, and tell the gate agent that I want to remain in it until the door of the airplane. For international departures, where one must check in at the front of the terminal, I tell the check-in agent the same thing. Tell the agent your wheelchair has gel cell batteries (assuming this is the case).

Make sure the gate agent puts a “gate delivery” tag on your wheelchair. On arrival, your wheelchair should be delivered to the door of the airplane. Unfortunately, it can take a lot of time for your wheelchair to be delivered; this depends on the airport, the equipment and personnel available, where the arrival gate is, and other things. Shortly before landing, I asked the purser to contact the ground crew or to ask the pilot to do so, and to tell them that my wheelchair should be brought to the airplane door as soon as possible after landing.

International Flights Over the years at some foreign airports, I’ve had to fight to be allowed to remain in my wheelchair at departure and to have it delivered to the arrival gate. Sometimes, especially on a layover, my wheelchair hasn’t been delivered to the arrival gate even though the gate agent at departure told me it would be. Some airports, and some airlines, are more reasonable, accommodating, empathetic, and proficient than others.

For international flights, in my experience, Frankfurt Airport has been far better than Paris Charles de Gaulle, Rome Fiumicino, London Heathrow, and Amsterdam Schiphol. Frankfurt has been excellent – there is someone to meet you at the landing gate and escort you to a special lounge for the elderly, disabled, and families with small children, where there is an accessible restroom, free drinks, and other amenities. The men who have helped me get off and on the flights in Frankfurt are strong and speak English well. (I believe that Germany has required military service, one of the alternative service options is caregiving for disabled people, and many of the assistance personnel are performing their alternative service.) It’s been several years, however, since I’ve flown through Frankfurt.

US federal Air Carrier Access Act regulation Section 382.125(c) (14 CFR §382.125(c)) requires airlines to provide for the checking and timely return of passengers’ wheelchairs “as close as possible to the door of the aircraft, so that passengers may use their equipment to the extent possible,” (emphasis added) except where this would be inconsistent with federal regulations regarding transportation security or hazardous materials. This applies to US and foreign carriers at US airports and doesn’t apply to flights that are entirely outside the US. For a flight that originates in the US and lands abroad, it applies to the departure but I don’t know whether it applies at the destination.

Your Wheelchair Remove the backrest of your wheelchair. If the backrest of your wheelchair is removable, have your traveling companion remove it on the jetway before relinquishing the wheelchair to airline personnel to be loaded. Removing the backrest may not be difficult in the comfort of one’s home, but it is stressful on a narrow jetway with impatient crew and passengers hovering, carry-ons to deal with and the clock ticking. Your traveling companion should practice at home. If removing or reattaching the backrest of your particular wheelchair is complicated, it’s a good idea to write instructions for your traveling companion to have handy.

Even if the plane has a high cargo hold doorway, it’s advisable to remove the backrest because there will be less chance the baggage handlers will put your wheelchair on its side. Also, although reclining the backrest would reduce the height of the wheelchair, it would increase the length, make it more difficult to load, and increase the chances of a mishap.

Bring the backrest on the plane – don’t allow it to be placed in the cargo hold.

Remove other removable parts and bring them on the plane. If your wheelchair has other removable parts (headrest, seat cushion), have your traveling companion remove them at the airplane door and bring them on the plane. There is less chance of them being lost or damaged (and, if it’s raining, less chance of getting wet when being loaded or unloaded from the cargo hold – I learned the hard way that a wet seat cushion is not comfortable). It’s challenging for you and your travel companion to handle and keep track of these items in addition to other carry-ons, but it’s better than the alternative.

Other Medical Equipment If you use a CPAP or BiPAP, a shower/commode chair, or other medical equipment, bring them on the plane. They are too important and fragile to be transported in the cargo compartment. Security agents know that these devices are important medical equipment, and they’re experienced at dealing with them. I travel with a shower/commode chair that is large even when disassembled, but it fits in the overhead compartment (sometimes just barely) and no flight attendant has ever refused to allow us to bring it on board.

Air Carrier Access Act regulation Section 382.121 (14 CFR §382.121) requires airlines to permit disabled passengers to bring folding or collapsible wheelchairs and other assistive medical devices into the aircraft cabin, provided they fit in priority storage areas, overhead compartments, or under seats; these items don’t count toward a limit on carry-on baggage. Also, if the passenger pre-boards, these devices get priority in the cabin over items carried on by other passengers or by crew members.

Boarding the Airplane Instruct the baggage personnel on how to handle your wheelchair. After being transferred out of your wheelchair at the airplane door, explain to the person who will be taking your wheelchair down for loading, how to handle it. This may be better done by your traveling companion.

Ask for confirmation that your wheelchair has been loaded. After you board, ask to speak to the purser. Tell the purser that you would like the captain to confirm that your wheelchair has been loaded before the flight takes off. Before landing, ask the purser to communicate with the destination ground crew, or ask her to ask the pilot to do so, to make sure that your wheelchair will be brought to you at the door of the airplane as soon as possible after landing.

Any Problems Complaints resolution officials. Each air carrier must have at least one Complaints Resolution Official (CRO) available at each airport in person or by phone. If you believe an airline is violating the ACAA you can ask to speak with a CRO, who has the authority to resolve complaints but cannot countermand a safety decision made by the pilot.

Air Carrier Access Act of 1986 (49 USC §41705) (ACAA). This is the US federal law governing air travel for passengers with disabilities. The Americans with Disabilities Act doesn’t apply to air travel. Although the ACAA regulations have been clarified and strengthened over the years, in my opinion, they are still substantively weak. Importantly, the ACAA, unlike almost every other civil rights law, doesn’t provide attorney’s fees for a successful plaintiff, so very few lawyers are willing to take an air access discrimination case, even public interest lawyers. It also doesn’t provide damages to a successful plaintiff. The US Department of Transportation is responsible for writing the regulations and enforcing the law. In my experience, DOT is understaffed, not rigorous in handling complaints, and hasn’t imposed meaningful penalties on airlines for clear violations of the ACAA.

Howard Chabner is a disability rights activist and retired lawyer who has FSH muscular dystrophy (FSHD) and uses a power wheelchair. Michele DeSha is a ceramic artist and painter. They have written numerous articles about wheelchair accessible travel in Italy, France, Spain and Israel. For several years Howard has been working with Context Travel to help make their walking tours more disability accessible. Michele and Howard live in San Francisco. Howard is a docent at San Francisco's beautiful Beaux-Arts City Hall.

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Very informative. Considering a flight in the near future after spouse becoming wheelchair bound and this is great information

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How to get airport wheelchair assistance (+ what to tip).

From planning to arrival, get helpful tips to make the journey easier.

How to Get Airport Wheelchair Assistance

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It's important to be prepared when traveling with a wheelchair.

Depending on mobility and specific requirements, getting wheelchair assistance at the airport can suit a variety of needs and desired levels of assistance – but the process can still feel overwhelming. To help you and/or your travel companion navigate the airport with a wheelchair, we've put together a comprehensive guide that includes the types of help you can request, how much to tip and more.

• Preparing for the trip (including tipping etiquette)
• How to request assistance by airline

Arriving at the airport

Security screening, what to expect before boarding, storing mobility devices in cargo, boarding and seating, using the plane bathroom, reaching your connecting or arrival destination, the future of accessible travel, preparing for the trip.

When you or a loved one is traveling in a wheelchair, advance planning is key for a smoother trip. If possible, look for nonstop flights, as changing planes will add additional transfer needs. Once you've selected the airline you'll be flying with, be sure to check its specific guidelines for travelers with wheelchairs. When you book your flight, select the wheelchair assistance option to notify the airline of your needs.

"Plan in advance. I know, that seems so simple, but it is one of the best things wheelchair users can do for air travel," says Alvaro Silberstein, founder and CEO of Wheel the World . He adds that most airlines have a section on the website when booking where you can detail your accessibility needs for your flight.

Contact the airline and airports directly

"Contact your airline in advance to inform them about your needs; they are legally obligated to provide necessary assistance," says James Thai from luxury travel company Exotic Voyages . The U.S. Department of Transportation enforces the Air Carrier Access Act, which makes it illegal for airlines to discriminate against passengers with disabilities and requires airlines to assist travelers who need it.

Debra Kerper, an accessible travel specialist at Debra Kerper Travel who has traveled to more than 30 countries in her wheelchair, also emphasizes the importance of speaking directly with an airline representative to detail your needs. "After reservations are made, call the special services desk at the airline," Kerper says. This is where travelers needing wheelchair assistance should tell the airline about their needs, including if you will be traveling with any type of equipment.

If your device uses batteries: "Tell the airline what kind and voltage, measurements and weight of the device as well as make and model," Kerper adds. She also advises that at this point travelers request seats and share any other specific needs, such as an aisle seat or a seat close to the plane bathroom.

Keep in mind that it is especially important to communicate with the airline you're flying if you go through a third-party site or app to book your flight. "If I buy it through the airline or make whatever arrangements, they'll have someone who will walk me from gate to gate. But if I buy it through an app like Hopper or something, it doesn't always get the message through that I'm ADA," says Darcy Malangowi, 47, who travels from Corpus Christi, Texas, to Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, on a semi-frequent basis.

For those who purchase through a third-party travel app such as Hopper, you will have to go into your profile while booking to indicate that you'll need assistance and specify the type of help you will need. According to Hopper, you won't be able to add your assistance needs once your booking is already completed, so in that case you will have to contact the app's support team to request assistance. Either way, it's best to contact the airline directly as well to ensure your needs will be met.

After your air arrangements are complete, reach out to the departure and arrival airports to get details on accessible drop-off, pickup and parking locations. In addition to getting airport and airline specifics, familiarize yourself with the Transportation Security Administration's guidelines for travelers with disabilities and medical conditions.

Know how much to tip

While there is no cost associated with wheelchair assistance at the airport, it is recommended that you tip. The suggested tip amount ranges from $5 to $10, but you can always increase the amount if the service is exceptional.

How to request wheelchair assistance by airline

Click on the links below to read more about the assistance policies for the following airlines for travelers with disabilities.

Types of airport wheelchair assistance

Whether you are wheelchair-reliant or you need to request wheelchair assistance due to mobility constraints while at the airport, passengers have rights and options.

• Through the airport: If you need wheelchair assistance and won't have your own wheelchair once you arrive at the airport but can walk onto the plane on your own, let the airline know. When you arrive at the accessible entrance, an attendant with a wheelchair will meet you to take you to check-in, through security and to your gate. Similarly, when you arrive at your destination, you can get wheelchair assistance to the baggage claim and pickup areas.
• Airplane boarding: Notify your airline if you will need assistance boarding the aircraft. The staff will need to arrange an aisle chair that can safely transport you from the gate onto the aircraft and into your seat. You should also clarify if you'll have your own wheelchair or mobility device, and if this will need to be checked prior to boarding the aircraft, as this will need to be arranged with the airline.

You should arrive at the airport as early as possible to check in and have enough time for the security screening. It is recommended that travelers who have a battery-operated wheelchair and need assistance get to the airport at least an hour before the standard airline check-in time.

"Arrive two to three hours early to minimize stress," Kerper recommends. She also adds, based on her personal experience, "I believe in self-identification even though the airlines are not allowed to ask what your disability is. As a bilateral below-knee amputee, I feel that explaining my situation makes my experience easier for me and for the crew."

If you are driving and parking at the airport (or you're traveling with a companion who is), most major airfields provide wheelchair-accessible shuttle buses from the parking area. You'll have to check with the airport for more information.

Contact TSA Cares

To help streamline security screening, TSA recommends that passengers contact the TSA Cares helpline at least 72 hours before departure via phone at 855-787-2227 or through its online form.

Established in 2012, TSA Cares provides information to passengers with disabilities on what to expect during security screenings and will share travelers' information with TSA agents before arriving at security. The service does not provide expedited security screening. Travelers will still need to sign up for TSA Precheck to go through security quicker.

In 2022, the helpline aided about 46,000 travelers with disabilities, medical conditions and special needs. TSA Cares is available for travelers Monday through Friday from 8 a.m. to 11 p.m. EST; on the weekends and holidays, its hours run from 9 a.m. to 8 p.m. EST.

Security vetting options

Once a traveler makes it to security, they will have several vetting options to choose from: advanced imaging technology, a metal detector or a pat-down.

If a passenger can stand with their arms above their head for five to seven seconds, they will be directed to go through the advanced imaging screening. If this technology is not available at a particular security checkpoint, walking through a metal detector is another option. For those who cannot stand or walk through a metal detector, TSA agents will conduct a pat-down. Pat-downs can occur while travelers sit in their mobility devices. You always have the option to request that a pat-down be conducted privately if you prefer.

Keep in mind that wheelchairs and other mobility devices such as scooters will have to be examined as well, either by a TSA officer or through the X-ray machine.

Once you're through security, you'll want to make your way to the gate area. If you're being escorted by airport personnel, they will bring you to your gate.

Here are a few things to consider doing before you board your flight:

• Stop at a bathroom to use the facilities before you arrive at your departure gate.
• If you're traveling with a service animal, find a pet relief area for your dog.
• Get any snacks or food prior to arriving at gate.

Once at your gate, notify the gate attendant you have arrived and provide detailed information on the assistance you may need. Any equipment such as a wheelchair, walker, motorized scooter or mobility device will need to be gate-checked. If you need to be transported onto the aircraft, an agent will pick you up at the gate in a small wheelchair called an aisle chair to bring you onto the plane and get you into your seat.

If you will need medications or any special items during your flight, remember to keep those in your personal item to carry on to the flight.

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Travelers should note that airlines are required to only transport manual wheelchairs into the plane's cabin. Battery-powered wheelchairs are usually stored in the cargo area of the plane, as they're too large to be safely stowed in the cabin. If your chair has to be stored in the cargo area of the plane, there are a few things to keep in mind.

Regulations for battery-powered chairs

Most importantly, the Federal Aviation Administration has strict rules when it comes to battery-operated wheelchairs, so be sure to consult those regulations before flying.

Spillable batteries are allowed in wheelchairs and other mobility devices. If the battery is protected from spilling and meets other FAA standards, it can remain attached to the device in the cargo compartment.

If a device does not have protection for the battery, the battery will have to be removed and stored in a traveler's carry-on bag . Passengers will have to notify the airline where that battery is located as well. Note that non-rechargeable lithium batteries are not allowed onboard.

Tips for gate-checking your chair

Despite having procedures in place to handle wheelchairs and other mobility devices, airlines still continue to have high rates of mishandling travelers' wheelchairs. In 2022, the DOT reported more than 11,300 wheelchairs and scooters were mishandled; that number is up from the roughly 7,200 wheelchairs and scooters that the DOT reported to be mishandled in 2021.

Here are some tips for checking your wheelchair:

• Get a tracker: Kristin Secor, author and owner of the wheelchair-accessible travel blog World on Wheels, suggests travelers attach a tracking device such as an AirTag to their wheelchair before checking it. "This can be a fantastic tool in the event that the airline misplaces your chair," she says.
• Prepare your wheelchair to be checked: "Always gate-check your wheelchair and remove any loose parts or items that stick out and are more prone to damage (i.e., joysticks, cushions, headrests and foot plates)," Secor advises.
• Give the airline instructions: Another rule of thumb is to write instructions down for airline staff on how your chair should be handled.

What to do if your chair is mishandled

Per the ACAA, if an airline loses, damages or destroys a wheelchair or other assistive device, the airline must pay for the damages up to the original price of the chair or apparatus. If you notice damage to your device – whether it's to the armrest, seat cushion or anything else – report it immediately to the airline's baggage claim once you reach your destination.

If the airline refuses to take responsibility for a damaged device, travelers can file a complaint with the U.S. Department of Transportation.

By law, airlines must offer preboarding to disabled travelers. Travelers can also make this request when booking a flight.

When it comes to seating, most airlines have designated seats with certain disability accommodations. To ensure you're seated in a comfortable and accessible seat, travelers should either select a seat at the time of booking or notify the airline as soon as possible if using a third-party booking site to accommodate any needs.

If the airline doesn't allow advance seat assignments, communicating with the airline and requesting early boarding to accommodate your disability should allow you to pick a seat that meets your needs.

"In a plane, I just use the top of my seats as my crutches or whatever just to hop to get there," says Malangowi about using the restroom while flying.

For wheelchair passengers, this is the reality some experience while flying. It's also one of the reasons many are discouraged to travel.

Do your research before traveling. Once you book your flight, learn more about the plane and its layout before you depart. Seatguru , a website where you can view plane configurations by route or flight number, can be a helpful tool to research the plane, seats and bathroom locations on board. To avoid any issues during the flight, some disabled travelers will use the airport restroom before boarding, wear incontinence briefs, or use catheters or other similar devices.

Be sure to ask the airline staff if the plane you'll be flying on has an accessible bathroom. Under the ACAA, most wide-body aircraft with more than one aisle are required to include at least one accessible bathroom. The bathroom must be able to allow disabled passengers to enter, maneuver and leave the facility. Facilities must include door locks, call buttons, grab bars, sinks and dispensers that travelers with disabilities will be able to access.

Keep in mind, though, that currently the rule does not apply to certain older planes or smaller aircraft with only a single aisle. An amendment to the ACAA aims to change the standard for new single-aisle planes beginning in 2033, but as of now they are not required to have an accessible bathroom.

If you do need to use the bathroom during your flight, let the attendant know. The attendant will transfer you to an aisle chair and push you to the bathroom – but you will have to transfer yourself to the toilet and be able to take care of your own needs while in the facility.

By law, airlines are required to help when deplaning. Wheelchair travelers are the last to exit the plane. Notify the airline at booking if you need assistance to debark the aircraft.

If you are connecting to another flight, make sure you leave yourself plenty of time to get to your gate.

If you have reached your final destination, the airline staff will help you deplane and take you to baggage claim. Once you have your luggage and chair, check for damage before leaving the airport. If you notice any damage, be sure to report it as soon as possible.

You'll likely also want to prearrange your means of transportation at the arrival destination once you have your itinerary planned, so everything can go as smoothly as possible when you arrive.

Addressing mobility aid mishandling

Legislation is in the works to improve accountability in accessible travel. In May 2023, Congress introduced the bipartisan Mobility Aids on Board Improve Lives and Empower All Act. If passed, the bill would require:

• The DOT to evaluate the frequency and types of damage to wheelchairs and mobility devices during air travel.
• Airline carriers to provide information on procedures to safely transport mobility devices on planes.

"As a frequent flyer whose wheelchair is regularly broken or damaged, I understand firsthand how deeply frustrating it is that our aviation system still fails to make sure every passenger with a disability is treated with dignity and respect," said Democratic Sen. Tammy Duckworth of Illinois, co-sponsor of the MOBILE Act and chair of the Subcommittee on Aviation Safety, Operations and Innovation.

Rethinking plane seats

Although airlines try to make those wheelchair travelers as comfortable as possible on the plane, the ideal situation for many of these travelers would be to remain in their wheelchair rather than being transferred to a seat that may become uncomfortable for them. The MOBILE Act would also require the DOT to research ways to let wheelchair-bound travelers remain in their chairs rather than be transferred to a regular seat.

Last year, Secretary of Transportation Pete Buttigieg vowed to create a new rule that would allow passengers to remain in their personal wheelchairs. "We know that this won't happen overnight, but it is a goal that we have to work to fulfill," said Buttigieg in a video posted by the Paralyzed Veterans of America in July 2022. He reiterated this sentiment in a roundtable discussion hosted by Vice President Kamala Harris for the 33rd anniversary of the Americans with Disabilities Act in July 2023.

While an official rule has yet to be announced, one airline has taken the step to improve air travel for wheelchair users: In June 2023 at the Aircraft Interiors Expo, Delta shared a new seat design prototype that would cater to wheelchair travelers. The seat would allow passengers who use power wheelchairs to remain in their chairs during their flights. The seat would also come with a headrest, tray table and cocktail table. This new prototype will need to be certified and go through testing before approval and implementation.

"This patented design offers new possibilities for customers with disabilities to enjoy a travel experience they truly deserve," Rick Salanitri, president of Delta Flight Products, said in a statement.

Requiring more accessible bathrooms

In July, the DOT announced an amendment to the ACAA requiring new single-aisle planes to have an accessible bathroom beginning in 2033. Bathrooms must be designed to include grab bars, accessible locks and call buttons, and sinks that are within reach for disabled travelers. (Twin-aisle, wide-body planes for longer-haul flights are already required to have accessible lavatories.)

"We are proud to announce this rule that will make airplane bathrooms larger and more accessible, ensuring travelers in wheelchairs are afforded the same access and dignity as the rest of the traveling public," Buttigieg said in a statement announcing the amendment.

Travelers will have to wait until 2033 to see the rule apply to newly built planes. Existing planes, however, will only have to comply with this new law if the aircraft is going through an interior renovation.

Frequently Asked Questions

Yes, you are allowed to board prior to other passengers if you have self-identified as someone who needs more time to board the plane.

Yes. If requested, airline personnel should escort you and your service animal to the designated area.

Why Trust U.S. News Travel

Suzanne Mason is a travel editor with a love of warm vacation destinations and a passion for learning about whatever port of call she travels to. She has had family members who needed various levels of assistance at the airport, so she understands the importance of planning ahead to ease any travel anxiety her loved ones may experience and make them as comfortable as possible at the same time. Mason used her personal experience along with research expertise to write this piece.

Rachael Hood is a travel enthusiast who believes travel should be accessible for all. Since traveling over the years with multiple family members needing various levels of assistance, she's discovered there's a lot to learn and plan before departure. Hood used her personal experience along with research expertise to write this piece.

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Simple Flying

Accessibility: these are the best airlines for wheelchair users.

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• Airlines like Qantas, Virgin Atlantic, and Delta offer specialized services for wheelchair users, ensuring a comfortable and supported travel experience.
• Support includes meet and assist services, early boarding, special seating arrangements, and real-time resolution at the airport for immediate assistance.
• Communication is key - wheelchair users should request special assistance online, informing the airline of their needs and ensuring a positive travel experience.

When planning trips, wheelchair users have specific needs, especially regarding their assistive devices and how their wheelchairs are handled.

A significant part of their journey involves transferring from their personal wheelchairs to airplane seats, which requires airlines to offer more than just basic accommodations - comfort is key. Certain airlines offer services that cater to these needs, ensuring a more comfortable and enjoyable travel experience for wheelchair users.

They assist people with mobility challenges from check-in to boarding the flight and finding seats. Support services are available for passengers with a carer, needing oxygen, bringing a service dog, using mobility aids, or having an invisible disability. Early boarding and special seating arrangements are offered to improve accessibility and comfort.

Increasing Accessibility: How Airline Seating May Improve to Better Accommodate Wheelchair Users

How the industry is adapting to make flying better for everyone.

Qantas aims to be the top choice for customers with special needs by ensuring a smooth and comfortable journey.

Meet and assist services

When booking, ask for the meet and assist service. Qantas will help you with an airport wheelchair or people mover from check-in to your departure gate and from your arrival gate to baggage claim. They'll also help with your mobility aid at the departure and arrival gates.

Virgin Atlantic

Virgin Atlantic believes everyone can take on the world. So, if you have accessibility or medical requirements or need additional support, they will help with a wide range of assistance to ensure you enjoy their fabulous service at every step of your journey.

Delta Air Lines

Delta believes travel is for everyone. They prioritize delivering the best service and ensuring accessibility for all Delta customers. Delta gate agents and attendants will be available to assist before boarding, in the air, at your destination, and anywhere in between.

Multisensory Rooms

Multisensory rooms are designed to support passengers who need to take a break from the sights and sounds of a busy airport. Some rooms include calming colors, sounds, and a small aircraft mock-up to give passengers an opportunity to familiarize themselves with air travel before their flight. To receive multisensory room access, please look for and notify a Delta Red Coat.

Real-Time Resolution at the airport

If you need assistance at the airport, ask a Delta customer service personnel. They can assist or direct you to a Complaint Resolution Official (CRO). CROs have been specially trained to resolve issues related to Department of Transportation (DOT) disability regulations and Delta policies on disability. CROs are available at all airport locations and will gladly answer your concerns.

British Airways

British Airways believes our unique service should be accessible to everyone. We are committed to making flights as easy as possible for customers traveling with disabilities. The airline continually improves service and aims to become the airline of choice for customers with visible and non-visible disabilities.

United Airlines

United strives to accommodate customers of all abilities and needs. The airline has a series of policies and information available to help make travel more accessible.

American Airlines

American Airlines is dedicated to providing a positive travel experience for all customers. Request special assistance when making or managing your reservation online, or call if you have special requests. A coordinator will contact you before your trip to ensure everything’s ready.

Request special assistance online

When you book or manage your trip online, choose 'Add special assistance' on the passenger details page. There you can:

• Request wheelchair service
• State if you're traveling with your own mobility device
• Request individual assistance if you have a hearing, vision, cognitive, or developmental disability
• State if you’re traveling with a service animal. Notice and approval are required at least 48 hours before your flight.

Wheelchair Travel

In 2023, John Morris, founder of Wheelchair Travel, ranked the best US airlines for wheelchair users based on the following criteria: Mishandled Wheelchairs, Disability Complaints, Mishandled Baggage, Passenger Complaints, and more.

Following a life-changing car accident in 2012, John, with a passion for travel, embarked on a new journey. As a wheelchair user, he started sharing his unique experiences and guiding insights, inspiring others to navigate their journeys.

" Delta Air Lines earned the top honors and the 2022 title of best US airline for wheelchair users, with Southwest and United rounding out the top three. Proper handling of personal mobility equipment continues to be the greatest opportunity for improvement, even among carriers that are performing above average.

"Delta’s average rate of damaged and delayed wheelchairs is low at 0.83%, but that still amounted to more than 1,600 mobility devices impacted during the 12-month period covered by this analysis. The disabled passengers who were left to pick up the pieces of their damaged, delayed or destroyed wheelchairs deserve better."

When planning trips, wheelchair users have specific accommodations to consider, particularly in transferring between personal wheelchairs and airplane seats, seeking comfort and assistance.

Airlines like Qantas, Virgin Atlantic, Delta Air Lines, British Airways, United Airlines, and American Airlines offer specialized services to cater to these needs. These services include meet and assist options, early boarding, special seating arrangements, and assistance from check-in through to the flight and baggage claim.

They aim to support travelers with mobility challenges, those requiring oxygen, service dogs, mobility aids, or those with invisible disabilities. Additional assistance involves real-time resolution at the airport, with specially trained Delta Complaint Resolution Officials (CROs) for immediate help.

These airlines are committed to making travel accessible and enjoyable for all customers, emphasizing the importance of pre-travel arrangements and communication for a smooth experience.

• Passenger Experience

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TSA Cares: What to expect when traveling with a mobility aid

Are you or someone you know traveling using a wheelchair or mobility aid? Learn what to expect next time you fly. TSA Cares is a helpline that provides travelers with disabilities, medical conditions and other circumstances, additional assistance during the security screening process. Call 72 hours prior to your travel at (855) 787-2227 on weekdays, 8 a.m. to 11 p.m. ET and weekends/holidays, 9 a.m. to 8 p.m. ET.

The Ultimate Guide to Flying With a Power Wheelchair

This article is written in co-authorship with two power-wheelchair users and experienced travelers: Catherine Sokol, WTW blog contributor, travel enthusiast, and budding disability advocate, and Valeria Rocha, one of WTW's talented software engineers.

Can I Take My Electric Wheelchair on a Plane?

Although air travel has improved accessibility for travelers with disabilities, it still remains particularly challenging for those who rely on power wheelchairs. Currently, unlike ground transportation, travelers in wheelchairs must transfer to airline seats while their power wheelchairs are stored in the cargo hold. This process can be problematic because most wheelchairs are customized for personal comfort and safety. Forced transfers can additionally pose injury risks. Despite the challenges, flying with a power wheelchair is definitely possible and should not be viewed as off-limits. With adequate preparation and research, you can navigate air travel successfully. In this article, we'll share essential tips to make your journey smoother.

Before Purchasing a Ticket

Research the airline's power wheelchair policies.

Unfortunately, there is little standardization on policies that apply to travelers who use a power wheelchair. It depends not only on your destination's legal regulations but also on the airline's policies.

Research the airline's website and contact them before purchasing your ticket so you can know their particular policies and can guide you to the best option. As an example, some airlines require you to discharge the battery of your wheelchair, and others require a doctor's note about why you need the mobility device.

Find Airline Reviews From Other Power Wheelchair-users

Find accessible travel blog posts, online groups, and other online communities to read about other powered wheelchair users' experiences. This can help you evaluate which one is best for you. Wheel the World has an accessible travel Facebook group you can join and is a great place to start as a free resource. You can ask advice, get suggestions, and meet travelers. Everyone is welcome!

Pre-Flight Tips: How to Prepare Your Power Wheelchair

Know the main characteristics of your equipment.

First, knowing your electric wheelchair is key. The airport and airline staff might ask you about your wheelchair's dimensions, the type of battery, how it should be handled, the weight, and the model. Prepare all the information beforehand on your phone to help you answer correctly and confidently since you will probably be asked about this more than once.

Label Your Wheelchair

American Airlines recommends you label your powered wheelchair with your name, address, phone number, the wheelchair's model, and serial number. This can help in case any airline loses your wheelchair and allows you and the airline staff to have that information available.

Write Down Instructions on How Your Wheelchair Should be Handled

Attach a laminated instruction sheet with information on how you would like your wheelchair to be handled. Consider adding info on how to assemble or disassemble crucial components. Providing these instructions to the airline staff can help them load and unload easier to prevent damage, ensuring it arrives at your destination in good condition.

Research Battery Policies

Depending on the airline and type of battery, policies may vary. This is why it's so important for you to thoroughly research the airline before booking a flight. Some airlines require you to uncharge it, others to remove it. For example, lithium-ion batteries are typically required to be removed, protected, and stored in your carry-on luggage. Some battery types are not required to be removed, so knowing the exact airline requirements allows you to prepare yourself.

Protect Areas Where Breakage is Highly Likely

Such as the joystick! Also, fold pieces in to make it as compact as possible. Remove any of the parts that can come off the chair and bring them with you into the cabin. These parts include the footrest, headrest, and joystick. Covering the chair with a waterproof cover can help protect it from water damage when being loaded into the plane.

Bring an Able Sling for Transfers

If you need, purchase or bring an able sling. Airlines typically use an aisle chair to go down the narrow plane, so bringing an able sling can help make the transfer process much safer.

When You Get to the Airport

Take a picture of your wheelchair before the flight.

Taking a picture of your wheelchair and it's current condition when you get to the airport will help in case damage occurs during the the flight. Airlines are ultimately responsible for any damage, so having a picture pre-flight is proof that the airline caused the damage.

Don't Forget Your Wheelchair Cushion

If you prefer, don't forget to grab your wheelchair cushion before boarding the the plane. This will allow for a more comfortable seat, especially if it is a longer flight. You could also pack a separate cushion to bring on the plane.

Be Patient!

As we said, air travel has a long way ahead to be fully accessible. In the meantime, powered wheelchair users have to be patient. You'll most likely be asked about your disability and mobility device when purchasing a ticket, checking in, going through security, and boarding the plane. Often, the staff involved in all these steps do not communicate with each other, which means you will most likely repeat yourself. The only tip we have for this is patience.

Known the Air Carrier Access Act and Advocate for Yourself

You know what you need best! So don’t be afraid to speak up and tell airline workers what you need. They don’t know how to best help you, so it is up to you to tell them. Be kind but be firm; they are there to help you. Ultimately, their goal is for you to have the best flight possible and you're perfectly within your rights to ask for help and speak up for what you need.

To help with this, know the Air Carrier Access Act (ACAA), which prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in air travel. According to the Department of Transportation, "this rule applies to all flights of U.S. airlines, and to flights to or from the United States by foreign airlines." Print out a copy or have it ready on your phone so you can address it if necessary. This act protects individuals with disabilities, so don't be afraid to speak up.

Share Your Own Tips!

It seems daunting, but flying can be a wonderful experience and a great way to see different parts of the world. Hopefully, one day, wheelchair users will be allowed to stay in their chairs on the flight, but until then, we will do what we need to do, and with a little planning, flying can be a wonderful way to travel.

We can help each other out by sharing tips and tricks that have worked for you! If you have something to share to further this conversation, please comment below and share your tips.

For further advice, check out our 16 Essential Tips When Flying as a Manual Wheelchair User , where you'll find tips about bathroom needs, wheelchair storage, and much more that will also apply to powered wheelchair users.

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For passengers who use wheelchairs, air travel in the United States can be an embarrassing, uncomfortable and perilous prospect.

Among the risks are personal injury, the loss of expensive equipment and a lack of accessible bathrooms and of federally mandated services.

To better understand the obstacles faced by wheelchair users, The Times sent a reporter and a photographer to document one man’s domestic trip. Here’s what they saw.

Supported by

Embarrassing, Uncomfortable and Risky: What Flying Is Like for Passengers Who Use Wheelchairs

By Amanda Morris

Photographs by Scott McIntyre

Listen to This Article

Charles Brown has always loved flying. He loves the steady roar of the engine beneath him as the plane rises high above a shrinking ground, turning houses into small blocks of color and cars into floating specks of light below.

Mr. Brown’s passion evolved from building model airplanes as a child to training in aviation ordnance when he joined the U.S. Marine Corps in 1985. His military career was cut short a year later, when he hit his head diving into a swimming pool and injured his spinal cord, resulting in incomplete paralysis of his arms and legs.

He now uses a wheelchair and, because of his disability, finds flying to be a risk.

“When I fly nowadays, it literally is a moment of, ‘OK, what do I have to do to get through this day without getting injured more?’” Mr. Brown explained.

On his first flight after his injury, Mr. Brown got a concussion during the landing; he couldn’t stay upright, and his head slammed into the seat in front of him. On another flight a few years ago, two airline employees dropped him — it was a hard fall — while lifting him into a special aisle wheelchair. He shattered his tailbone and spent four months in the hospital afterward, battling a life-threatening infection.

There’s also the worry of what will happen to his $41,000 wheelchair when it is loaded and unloaded from the plane. The wheelchair, custom designed to fit Mr. Brown’s body, prevents pressure sores. Without it, he could risk another potentially life-threatening infection.

It’s not uncommon for airlines to lose or damage wheelchairs. In 2021, at least 7,239 wheelchairs or scooters were lost, damaged, delayed or stolen on the country’s largest airlines, according to the Air Travel Consumer Report . That’s about 20 per day.

Because of these risks, many people who use wheelchairs say flying can be a nightmare.

Even on a flight that goes smoothly, Mr. Brown endures multiple indignities from the moment he arrives at the airport to the moment he leaves, he said, largely because of a lack of accessibility for people with disabilities.

Much of this could be avoided, he and other advocates argue, if airplanes and airports were designed to accommodate passengers who use wheelchairs. And while the Department of Transportation recently published a bill of rights for passengers with disabilities , the initiative was a summary of existing laws and did not expand the legal obligations of the airlines.

To get a firsthand glimpse of the difficulties faced by passengers who use wheelchairs, The New York Times documented Mr. Brown’s experience on two recent American Airlines flights from Palm Beach to San Antonio, with a connection in Charlotte, N.C. Here’s a step-by-step visual diary of what we saw.

Check-in and security

Mr. Brown arrives and meets his travel companion outside the Palm Beach International airport at 7:25 a.m., three hours before his first flight of the day. (He usually arrives early, he said, because every step of the process takes longer for him.) As he makes his way inside, he stops to fist-bump the airport employees who bring his luggage to the check-in counter. Mr. Brown, the president of the Paralyzed Veterans of America, flies frequently for his job and has befriended several Palm Beach airport employees, who are intimately familiar with his needs.

Most check-in counters tower above Mr. Brown, who must lean across the luggage scale to tell an employee that his custom wheelchair weighs 416 pounds — information that he already filled out on a form when he booked his ticket last week. Mr. Brown also checks a shower wheelchair, a medical bag and a second bag of luggage.

The security line, a snake of belt barriers that Mr. Brown bypasses because he cannot easily go through it, is quiet and completely empty this morning.

Mr. Brown gets personally screened by a Transportation Security Administration agent every time he flies. He stretches his arms out as an agent pats him down, running his hands along Mr. Brown’s back, collar, arms and thighs. The agent then swabs his hands, shoes, thighs, the back of his chair and the chair headrest for substance testing.

Today, Mr. Brown said, the agent did a good job. In the past, he has had agents who demanded he lift his legs or lift his body so that they could pat his butt — both actions that Mr. Brown cannot perform because of his disability. Once, after complying with two full-body pat-downs, Mr. Brown got an impossible request from an agent.

“They said, ‘Now I need you to stand up.’ I said, ‘That ain’t happening,’” Mr. Brown recalled. He had to call for a supervisor to resolve the situation.

Roughly 40 minutes after Mr. Brown arrived at the airport, he reaches his gate. He drinks some water and takes his medication.

Normally, Mr. Brown says, he would not drink water before a flight, because many airplane bathrooms are inaccessible to him. Planes with two aisles are required by the U.S. Department of Transportation to have at least one accessible bathroom on board, but planes with only one aisle — which have been used more frequently for long-haul flights in recent years — are not required to have an accessible bathroom.

Today is an exception to Mr. Brown’s no-water rule, though, because he recently had a kidney stone. Because he cannot use the bathroom on the plane, he is using a Foley catheter — which can increase his risk of getting hurt when he is carried and transferred by employees.

On previous flights, Mr. Brown has had to go to the bathroom into a bottle as he sat in his airplane seat, with blankets thrown on top of him, he said.

Boarding the plane

More and more passengers arrive at the gate, some of them consuming snacks or packaged breakfasts. Mr. Brown refrains from eating; he can’t risk needing to use a bathroom on the flight. He hasn’t eaten anything since 1 p.m. yesterday.

Forgoing food and water for hours before a flight is a common practice among travelers who use wheelchairs and cannot access the bathroom.

When it’s time to board, Mr. Brown must again tell airline crew members how heavy his chair is and how many people he needs to lift him onto an aisle chair — a special, small wheelchair that can fit into an airplane’s narrow aisles.

He repeatedly asks one crew member to put his wheelchair’s headrest into his suitcase and goes over instructions on how to fold up and stow his wheelchair safely. The crew member doesn’t seem to understand him, and eventually someone else steps in to help.

Mr. Brown enters the jet bridge before any other passengers. This gives him privacy during his transfer onto the plane — the part of traveling he worries about most. One drop or slip could mean serious injury.

Today, two managers are watching. This is unusual, he said. He tucks in his Foley catheter and raises his arms in anticipation. On the count of three, one airport employee grips his chest and the other lifts under his thighs to smoothly shift him into an aisle chair. In midair, Mr. Brown’s legs begin to spasm.

Mr. Brown is wheeled, backward, 13 rows to his seat, then positions himself for another transfer. His arms and legs dangle for a moment — during which he watches an armrest graze under his thighs and braces himself for any possible outcome — before he is safely put down again on a special cushion he uses to help prevent pressure sores when he flies.

During the two-hour flight, Mr. Brown jerks with movement every minute or two. His legs splay outward, spilling his right knee into the aisle and causing his hips to hurt. (He always gets assigned a seat by the aisle, not the window, because it’s easier for crew to lift him into those seats.) In his custom wheelchair, there are pads to hold his legs in place. On the airplane, the best substitute he has are his hands, which he constantly uses to readjust his legs and push them inward. By the end of the flight, he rates the pain level in his hips as a 2 or 3 out of 10, comparing it with a nagging headache.

Just before landing, Mr. Brown rams his right arm against the seat in front of him and presses with effort as the plane lands with a thud. He is trying to stop his head from lurching forward into the hard plastic seat.

It was a harsh landing — the kind a pilot in the Navy or Marine Corps would probably make, he says with a smile, but definitely not someone from the Air Force.

As other passengers leave the plane, suitcases and bags of all sizes and colors roll past Mr. Brown, some occasionally hitting his knee. He and his travel companion are the last to deplane; they’re waiting for airline crew to bring his custom chair to the jet bridge — something that airlines are required to do if passengers have requested it. Mr. Brown doesn’t want to leave his seat and get into an aisle chair until he knows his custom wheelchair is ready for him at the jet bridge; if he spends more than 20 minutes in an aisle chair, he says, he’s likely to get pressure sores. Sometimes, though, he has been forced to sit in an aisle chair for nearly an hour while he waits for crew to find his wheelchair.

Exiting the plane

Cleaning crews have already come through — vacuuming, wiping down seats and picking up trash. Airline crew repeatedly ask Mr. Brown if he will get off the plane, even though his chair isn’t ready. The staff are under pressure to board the plane for the next flight. Eventually he relents, even though his custom chair still isn’t ready.

The two gentlemen lifting Mr. Brown for the transfer out of his airline seat seem hesitant, as if they’re afraid to hurt him. He tries to tell them to hold onto him tightly and reflexively takes a defensive position, tucking his shoulders and hands inward to protect himself.

The workers don’t quite lift him high enough, causing him to bump the raised armrest and be partially dragged into the aisle chair, landing with a dull thump. The straps on the chair to hold his feet in place don’t seem to be working properly, so a crew member refastens them three times.

Mr. Brown is pushed out of the jet bridge in front of a crowd of passengers waiting to board the plane for the next flight, which is now boarding later than expected. Some look exasperated, others tired; many are staring at him. As he wheels past, one stranger mutters, “Chaos.”

About 10 minutes later, employees bring Mr. Brown’s custom chair to the gate and start transferring him in front of a crowd of passengers.

“It’s frustrating,” he says. “I’m not going to say ‘embarrassing’ anymore because I’m just over that. But it is kind of embarrassing, especially if your pants are hanging off your bottom.” He’s had his pants fall down during public transfers before.

This time the men switch places, with the stronger man lifting Mr. Brown’s chest. They complete a better transfer. An airline worker at the check-in counter soon notices the commotion and comes over to apologize to Mr. Brown about the lack of privacy.

A layover and a connection

Mr. Brown has a two-hour layover in Charlotte and is supposed to board his 2:45 p.m. flight to San Antonio, which is scheduled to land at 4:42 p.m. As he waits, his stomach is starting to get “shaky,” he says.

Just before the flight is supposed to board, the gate agent announces that there is a delay. The flight will now depart at 4:30 p.m. and land at 6:30 p.m. But, with the time it takes to deplane and get to his hotel, Mr. Brown doesn’t think he can make it until after 8 p.m. to eat again.

At 2:16 p.m., he finally bites into a Snickers bar. It has been 25 hours since his last meal. Just before he boards his next flight, Mr. Brown also eats a cup of pretzel bites from Auntie Anne’s and strikes up a conversation with a fellow Marine who’s waiting at the gate. They trade stories and discuss where they were stationed.

As the flight prepares to board, airline crew wheel three elderly women on regular airport wheelchairs — the type of chair intended for use by those who can’t walk long distances — down the jet bridge to board the plane first. Then, regular passengers start to crowd around the check-in gate. A family with a baby stroller checks in and starts walking to the jet bridge. Amid the commotion, Mr. Brown seems to have been forgotten entirely.

Mr. Brown starts to get upset with the check-in agents. The Department of Transportation stipulates that disabled passengers who need additional time or assistance to board the airplane must be allowed to board first. Further guidance says that, if possible, airline crews should avoid transferring someone from an aisle seat to a plane seat in front of other people.

Soon after he complains, Mr. Brown is quickly wheeled down the jet bridge, shaking his head in frustration and disbelief at a supervisor who insists she did nothing wrong.

In preparation for his second flight, two men strongly and swiftly transfer him to his aisle chair and then to his seat in a blur of motions that leaves Mr. Brown breathing heavily afterward.

Mr. Brown’s body becomes a physical hurdle of sorts for another passenger who tightly squeezes past him and steps over his legs to get to the window seat. (His travel companion was seated between them.) Mr. Brown looks uncomfortable, but, unable to move out of the way, he’s stuck.

He tries to nap on the second flight but has to rouse himself from his sleep to shove his legs back into a straight position and stop his knees from poking out.

The second landing is smoother, but the plane still rattles and shakes as it slows down. Mr. Brown’s arm is once again outstretched against the seat in front of him as he tries to hold himself steady, but there’s a shake of exhaustion in his elbow now.

People start deplaning at 6:50 p.m., and one person thanks Mr. Brown for his service on the way out. Mr. Brown nods and pushes his knee in as people walk by, trying to avoid being bumped by suitcases. Soon after the plane empties, a crew in bright yellow vests starts to clean up around Mr. Brown.

At 7:10 p.m., his custom chair is ready for him in the jet bridge. Mr. Brown has another smooth transfer onto the aisle chair, but he is placed down a little crooked, so an airline crew member has to hold his knees to make sure they don’t bump every seat on the way out.

Amy Lawrence, a spokeswoman for American Airlines, said in an email that the company is focused on ensuring a positive experience for those with disabilities.

In response to complaints of negative incidents while flying, she wrote: “In recent years, we’ve placed a particular focus on giving our team members the tools and resources they need to properly handle and track customers’ mobility aids, and we’ve seen improvement in handling as a result.” One such effort, she said, was the introduction of wheelchair-specific bag tags on all flights; the tags can improve the tracking of mobility devices and make it more clear what the features of each device are.

Handling luggage

Mr. Brown goes to pick up his luggage, then finds out from an airport worker that the San Antonio airport doesn’t have any porter service available to help him carry his shower wheelchair, carry-on suitcase and two large checked bags to the car. The U.S. Department of Transportation requires airlines to assist disabled passengers with carrying their checked luggage if needed, but people with disabilities complain that, in practice, often either it isn’t provided or they can’t find someone to help them.

Erin Rodriguez, a spokeswoman with the San Antonio International Airport, said that all airlines provide assistance to people with wheelchairs, including helping with their luggage, at no charge. She added that the airport has phones throughout the terminal for travelers needing immediate or after-hours assistance.

The sun is setting, casting the sky pink beneath big, dark clouds as Mr. Brown maneuvers out of the cool airport into the humid Texas heat. (In the end, his travel companion helped him with his luggage; it would have posed a considerable challenge if he’d had to handle it on his own.)

At 7:38 p.m., he easily maneuvers up a ramp into a waiting car that, unlike the planes he just rode, is specially designed to accommodate his wheelchair.

In early July, Paralyzed Veterans of America filed a formal complaint against American Airlines on behalf of four members of its organization, including Charles Brown. Mr. Brown’s inclusion was based on his experience on the flights The Times documented in May. American Airlines did not immediately return request for comment regarding the complaint.

Produced and edited by Stephen Hiltner and Phaedra Brown .

Audio produced by Tally Abecassis .

Amanda Morris is a 2021-2022 disability reporting fellow for the National desk. More about Amanda Morris

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United Airlines will soon let disabled passengers choose flights based on wheelchair accessibility

The airline also agreed to refund the fare difference if a passenger has to take a more expensive flight to accommodate their wheelchair, by associated press • published september 28, 2023 • updated on september 28, 2023 at 7:24 pm.

United Airlines has agreed to improve air travel for passengers in wheelchairs after the federal government investigated a complaint by a disability-rights advocate.

United and the Transportation Department said Thursday that the airline will add a filter to the booking tool on its website to help consumers find flights on which the plane can more easily accommodate their wheelchairs. The cargo doors on some planes are too small to easily get a motorized wheelchair in the belly of the plane.

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The airline also agreed to refund the fare difference if a passenger has to take a more expensive flight to accommodate their wheelchair.

United said it expects to make the changes by early next year.

The settlement, dated Wednesday, followed a complaint filed by Engracia Figueroa, who said her custom-made wheelchair was damaged on a United flight in 2021.

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Figueroa died three months later, and family members and her lawyer blamed sores, skin grafts and emergency surgery on sitting for five hours in a manual wheelchair that did not fit her body.

Paralyzed Veterans of America and other groups have cited Figueroa's death as they push for new federal regulations to increase accessibility on airline planes.

According to the settlement, airlines mishandled 32,640 wheelchairs and scooters on domestic flights from 2019 through 2022 — a rate of 1.45%. United and its United Express partners had a slightly better rate of 1.2%, third best among airlines tracked in the Transportation Department's monthly consumer report on air travel.

The department said reports of damaged and delayed wheelchairs and scooters are consistently among the top five disability complaints it gets about airlines.

As part of the settlement, United said that later this year it will start a trial at George Bush Houston Intercontinental Airport to accommodate passengers whose wheelchairs are damaged or delayed, including reimbursing people for transportation if they don’t want to wait at the airport.

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Air Travel Consumer Report: June 2024 Numbers

WASHINGTON – The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) today released its Air Travel Consumer Report (ATCR) on airline operational data compiled for the month of June 2024 and the first six months of 2024 for on-time performance, mishandled baggage, mishandled wheelchairs and scooters, and second quarter oversales. The ATCR is designed to assist consumers with information on the quality of services provided by airlines. 

For June 2024, 1.3% of flights were cancelled, lower than the 2.1% cancellation rate for June 2023, lower than the 3.1% cancellation rate for June 2022, and lower than the 2.1% cancellation rate in pre-pandemic June 2019.

For the first six months of 2024, the reporting marketing carriers posted a cancellation rate of 1.4%, down from 1.6% for the same period in 2023, down from 3.2% for the same period in 2022, and down from 2.4% for the same period in 2019.

DOT expects that airlines will operate flights as scheduled and that when they do not, airlines will provide consumers the services promised when a flight is cancelled or delayed because of an airline issue. After a two-year DOT push to improve the passenger experience, the 10 largest U.S. airlines now guarantee meals and free rebooking on the same airline and nine guarantee hotel accommodations. Consumer-friendly information regarding airline commitments to their customers is available on the Department’s Airline Customer Service Dashboard at FlightRights.Gov . DOT also pushed the 10 largest U.S. airlines to provide fee-free family seating and rolled out a new family seating dashboard that highlights the airlines that guarantee fee-free family seating and those that don’t. Four airlines – American Airlines, Alaska Airlines, JetBlue Airways, and Frontier Airlines - have stepped forward to guarantee fee-free family seating. 

Flight Operations

The 643,484 flights operated in June 2024 were 107.12% of the 600,721 flights operated in June 2023. Operated flights in June 2024 were up 7.12% year-over-year from the 600,721 flights operated in June 2023 and up 0.52% month-over-month from 640,137 flights operated in May 2024. 

In June 2024, the 10 marketing network carriers reported 651,799 scheduled domestic flights, 8,315 (1.3%) of which were cancelled. In May 2024, airlines scheduled 649,428 domestic flights, 9,291 (1.4%) of which were cancelled. In June 2023, airlines scheduled 613,577 domestic flights, 12,856 (2.1%) of which were cancelled.

June 2024 On-Time Arrival

In June 2024, reporting marketing carriers posted an on-time arrival rate of 74.3%, up from both 72.6% in May 2024 and 71.3% in June 2023. The year-to-date on-time arrival rate for 2024 is 76.9%.

Highest Marketing Carrier On-Time Arrival Rates June 2024 (ATCR Table 1)

• Hawaiian Airlines – 83.6%
• Delta Air Lines Network – 78.6%
• Alaska Airlines Network – 76.8% 

Lowest Marketing Carrier On-Time Arrival Rates May June (ATCR Table 1)

• Frontier Airlines – 61.3%
• JetBlue Airways – 69.7%
• Spirit Airlines – 70.7%

For the first six months of 2024, the reporting marketing carriers posted an on-time arrival rate of 76.93%, up from 76.48% for the same period in 2023.

June 2024 Flight Cancellations

In June 2024, reporting marketing carriers cancelled 1.3% of their scheduled domestic flights, lower than both the rate of 1.4% in May 2024 and the rate of 2.1% in June 2023. The year-to-date cancellation rate for 2024 is 1.4%.

Lowest Marketing Carrier Rates of Cancelled Flights June 2024 (ATCR Table 6)

• Southwest Airlines – 0.3%  
• Alaska Airlines Network – 0.6%   
• Hawaiian Airlines – 0.7% 

Highest Marketing Carrier Rates of Cancelled Flights June 2024 (ATCR Table 6)

• Frontier Airlines – 3.5%    
• Spirit Airlines – 2.6%    
• JetBlue Airways – 2.5%    

For the first six months of 2024, the reporting marketing carriers posted a cancellation rate of 1.4%, down from 1.6% for the same period in 2023.

Complaints About Airline Service

Last month, DOT released data on the submissions (complaints, inquiries, and opinions) it received from consumers about air travel for June-December 2023 and the full calendar year 2023.   

The release of the submissions data in the ATCR continues to be delayed primarily because of the high volume of complaints against airlines and ticket agents received by the Office of Aviation Consumer Protection (OACP) and the time needed to review and process these consumer complaints using the Department’s outdated legacy consumer complaint application system. Over the past three years, complaints made up an average of 91% of consumer submissions. DOT plans to release data on the submission received from consumers about air travel for January-May 2024 in September.

The Department has been actively working on modernizing its system for handling consumer complaints with the support of a Technology Modernization Fund (TMF) investment to improve the customer experience for the tens of thousands of consumers who use the system each year. The modernization of the system will also enable OACP to engage in oversight of the airline industry more effectively and report complaint data to the public more quickly.   

Tarmac Delays

In June 2024, airlines reported 70 tarmac delays of more than three hours on domestic flights, compared to 38 tarmac delays of more than three hours on domestic flights reported in May 2024. In June 2024, airlines reported six tarmac delay of more than four hours on an international flight, compared to four tarmac delay of more than four hours on international flights reported in May 2024. 

Airlines are required to have and adhere to assurances that they will not allow aircraft to remain on the tarmac for more than three hours for domestic flights and four hours for international flights without providing passengers the option to deplane, subject to exceptions related to safety, security, and Air Traffic Control related reasons. An exception also exists for departure delays if the airline begins to return the aircraft to a suitable disembarkation point to deplane passengers by those times.

The Department investigates extended tarmac delays.

Mishandled Baggage

In June 2024, reporting marketing carriers handled 44.6 million bags and posted a mishandled baggage rate of 0.58%, same as the rate of 0.58% in May 2024, and lower than the rate of 0.70% in June 2023.

For the first half of 2024, the carriers posted a mishandled baggage rate of 0.56%, lower than the rate of 0.61% posted in the first half of 2023.

The Department began displaying the mishandled baggage data as a percentage (i.e., per 100 bags enplaned) in January 2022. This is consistent with the manner that the mishandled wheelchairs and scooters rate is calculated and displayed.     In the prior three calendar year reports (2019 to 2021), the Department calculated the mishandled baggage rate based on the number of mishandled bags per 1,000 checked bags. 

Mishandled Wheelchairs and Scooters

In June 2024, reporting marketing carriers reported checking 82,778 wheelchairs and scooters and mishandling 1,075 for a rate of 1.30% mishandled wheelchairs and scooters, higher than the rate of 1.24% mishandled in May 2024 and lower than the rate of 1.45% mishandled in June 2023.

For the first half of 2024, the carriers posted a mishandled wheelchair and scooter rate of 1.31%, lower than the rate of 1.37% posted in the first half of 2023.

To address many of the significant barriers and challenges experienced by passengers who use wheelchairs, the Department has proposed a rulemaking that, if adopted as proposed would make it an automatic violation of the Department’s Air Carrier Access Act regulations for airlines to mishandle a passenger’s wheelchair. This Notice of Proposed Rulemaking would also enhance training requirements for airline personnel who provide hands-on transfer assistance to passengers and handle wheelchairs. 

Bumping/Oversales

Bumping/oversales data, unlike other air carrier data, are reported quarterly rather than monthly.

For the second quarter of 2024, the 10 U.S. reporting marketing carriers posted an involuntary denied boarding, or bumping, rate of 0.33 per 10,000 passengers, lower than the rate of 0.36 in the second quarter of 2023 and higher than the rate of 0.20 in the fourth quarter of 2023.

For 2024 year to date, the carriers posted bumping/oversales rate of 0.30% lower than the rate of 0.33% for year-to-date 2023.

Incidents Involving Animals

In June 2024, carriers reported one incident involving the death, injury, or loss of an animal while traveling by air, lower than the two reports filed in May 2024 and equal to the one report filed in June 2023. June’s incident involved the death of one animal.

As part of its IT modernization, DOT’s Office of Aviation Consumer Protection (OACP) is improving the options for covered carriers to submit their monthly and annual Reports on Incidents Involving Animals During Air Transport. While the new system is being developed, OACP continues to collect and publish monthly reports on animal incidents from covered carriers but has permitted carriers to delay submission of the annual report on the total number of animals transported and the total number of incidents involving animals during air transport. Annual data on such incidents will be published when DOT receives carriers’ complete submissions of the 2023 data. 

Consumers may file air travel consumer or civil rights complaints online at   https://secure.dot.gov/air-travel-complaint , or they may mail a complaint to the Office of Aviation Consumer Protection, U.S. Department of Transportation, C-70, W96-432, 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE, Washington, DC 20590.

The ATCR and other aviation consumer matters of interest to the public can be found at https://www.transportation.gov/airconsumer .

DOT’s Historic Record of Consumer Protection Under the Biden-Harris Administration

• DOT has issued a final rule that requires airlines to provide automatic cash refunds to passengers when owed and another final rule to protect consumers from costly surprise airline fees. These rules significantly expand consumer protections in air travel, provide passengers an easier pathway to refunds when owed, and save consumers more than half a billion dollars every year in hidden and surprise junk fees. Provisions of the final rule on airline refunds were fortified through the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024 (Public Law 118-63) that President Biden signed into law on May 16, 2024. The final rule that DOT issued to protect consumers against costly airline junk fees has been challenged in court by the airline industry and the court has put a temporary hold on implementation of this rule. The Department will continue to defend this rule and notes that nothing in the Court’s decision prevents airlines from voluntarily complying with this common-sense rule.  
• In addition, DOT is improving transportation for individuals with disabilities. In July 2023, DOT finalized a rule which requires airlines to make lavatories on new, single-aisle aircraft more accessible. Then, in February 2024, DOT issued a proposal to address other barriers that Americans who use a wheelchair encounter when it comes to air travel by, among other things, proposing to mandate enhanced training for airline employees and contractors who physically assist passenger with disabilities and handle passengers’ wheelchairs.  
• Further, when necessary, DOT takes enforcement action against airlines and ticket agents that fail to comply with the Department’s aviation consumer protection requirements. In 2023, DOT issued the largest fines in the history of the consumer protection office. This includes a $140 million penalty against Southwest Airlines for failing passengers during the 2022 holiday meltdown. That penalty, which was in addition to over $600 million DOT already ensured was refunded by Southwest to passengers, requires Southwest to establish a $90 million compensation system for passengers affected by significant delays and cancellations beginning April 30, 2024 . Additionally, DOT has helped return nearly $4 billion in refunds to travelers since the pandemic began.  
• In April, DOT announced the launch of the bipartisan Airline Passenger Protection Partnership with 18 state attorneys general to investigate airlines and ticket agents and hold them accountable when they violate aviation consumer protection laws. The partnership significantly expands the Department’s oversight capacity by establishing a new fast-track system prioritizing misconduct cases from state attorneys general who uncover unfair or deceptive airline practices. Through the partnership, DOT will provide state attorneys general with access to the federal complaint database and help ensure that airlines cooperate with state investigations.

Exploring Solo: Navigating The World In A Wheelchair

• Last updated Aug 25, 2024
• Difficulty Intemediate

• Category Travel

Travelling with a wheelchair can be challenging, but it is not impossible. Cory Lee, a 25-year-old travel addict who has been in a wheelchair since the age of two, is a testament to that. He has travelled to 14 countries and has plans to visit many more. Similarly, a solo female wheelchair traveller and accessible travel blogger shares her experiences of travelling by herself using an electric scooter. She highlights the freedom and independence that solo travel provides, as well as the challenges she faces along the way. With proper planning, the right resources, and a sense of adventure, travelling alone with a wheelchair can be an enriching and empowering experience.

What You'll Learn

Choosing the right scooter or wheelchair, planning and booking, boarding and navigating the airport, self-care and personal transfers, dealing with fear and loneliness.

When choosing between a scooter and a wheelchair, it is important to consider your specific needs and priorities. Here are some key factors to help you make the right choice:

Maneuverability and Turning Radius

Electric wheelchairs have a smaller turning radius, making them more manoeuvrable, especially in tight indoor spaces. They are a good choice if you need to navigate through narrow corridors or rooms with a lot of furniture.

Mobility scooters, on the other hand, have a wider turning radius and are better suited for open spaces like shopping malls, parks, and other wide areas.

Speed and Range

Mobility scooters tend to have greater speed and range, making them suitable for outdoor use and travelling longer distances. They can handle rough terrain with larger wheels and fat tires.

Electric wheelchairs usually have a slower speed and shorter range, but they are designed for comfort during prolonged use.

Size and Portability

Electric wheelchairs are more customizable to user size and can accommodate a variety of postures due to their solid adjustability. They often come with accessories like leg rests, seat belts, and adjustable back/headrests. Foldable wheelchair models are also available, making them easy to transport in a car trunk.

Mobility scooters have less adjustability, but they can be disassembled into lightweight pieces for transport. Many scooters have a lightweight three-wheel design that can be easily assembled and disassembled without tools.

Mobility scooters are generally less expensive than electric wheelchairs. Basic scooter models can be found at a fraction of the cost of a power wheelchair.

Electric wheelchairs have a wider range of prices, with basic models starting at a similar price point to scooters, and highly customizable models costing significantly more.

Control Mechanism

Mobility scooters are equipped with a tiller and handlebars for steering, while electric wheelchairs are typically operated using a joystick. If you have limited upper body strength or fine motor skills, you may find one mechanism easier to use than the other.

Usage Environment

If you plan to use your mobility aid primarily indoors, an electric wheelchair might be a better choice due to its better manoeuvrability and smaller turning radius.

Mobility scooters, with their greater speed and range, are more suitable for outdoor use and travelling long distances.

If you require assistance from a caregiver, electric wheelchairs facilitate this better during transfers or repositioning. Mobility scooters, on the other hand, offer more user independence.

Electric wheelchairs offer more comfort with their adjustable backrests and arms. They are designed for prolonged use, which is reflected in their extra padding and bulkier build.

Mobility scooters have smaller/less adaptable seats, especially in the compact models. However, they provide a good riding experience outdoors and are ideal if you want to conserve energy while running errands.

Customisability

Electric wheelchairs offer a wide range of customisation options, including seating, backrest, recline, footrests, colours, and more. This makes them a good choice if you require specialised seats or support features.

Mobility scooters have fewer options for custom positioning or additional accessories.

Weight Capacity

When choosing a mobility device, consider your weight and the weight capacity of the device. Both electric wheelchairs and mobility scooters have models that can accommodate different weight ranges.

Pediatric models can handle weights from 100-150 pounds, while larger bariatric models support over 500 pounds. Make sure to check the weight capacity specifications before making your choice.

Budget and Insurance

Finally, budget and insurance coverage are important considerations. Electric wheelchairs tend to be more expensive, so evaluate how often you will be using the device. If you will be using it daily, investing in a solid chair from a reputable brand is recommended.

Check with your insurance provider to see if they cover the cost of a mobility device and what requirements you need to meet.

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Transportation

Decide on the mode of transportation that best suits your needs. This could be by plane, car, bus, or train. Contact the relevant companies and inquire about their accommodations for individuals with mobility limitations. Ask specific questions about your wheelchair, such as whether it can be stowed with you on the plane, bus, or train. Understanding the rules and timetables for transporting your equipment is crucial, as you may need to arrive earlier than usual for checking it in.

Accommodations

When booking your accommodations, carefully select hotels that offer ADA-compliant rooms and ensure the presence of elevators to access your floor. If you are planning a cruise, request an accessible cabin, and inquire about wheelchair lifts for swimming pools and hot tubs. It is advisable to book well in advance, as many hotels and cruise lines have a limited number of accessible rooms. Additionally, research the surrounding area of your hotel and try to avoid locations with steep hills and cobblestones, which could hinder your mobility. When booking tours, confirm that the routes are handicap-accessible.

If you are travelling internationally, be aware that accommodations overseas may not adhere to the same standards as your home country. For example, in the United States, companies are legally required to follow the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), but this may not be the case elsewhere. Therefore, it is crucial to thoroughly research your options when travelling abroad.

Airport Travel

If your journey involves air travel, there are several considerations to keep in mind. Firstly, always check your mobility equipment at the gate to reduce the risk of damage. Notify the agent when making your reservation to ensure it is noted on your ticket. This saves you from having to return to the ticket counter or make last-minute changes at the gate, which could cause delays.

Opt for direct flights whenever feasible, as mobility aids are more susceptible to loss or damage during transfers and connections. Contact your airline in advance to inquire about the regulations regarding scooter batteries, as these may vary between carriers. Choose an aisle seat near the bathroom to allow for easier manoeuvring and shorter distances when you need to use the restroom.

If you require a wheelchair at the airport, it is advisable to reserve one in advance. While you can also request one upon arrival, you may experience longer wait times. Keep in mind that you are entitled to stay in your own wheelchair until you reach the gate, where it will be taken from you and returned upon arrival at your destination.

Equipment Rental

Consider renting mobility equipment at your destination instead of travelling with your own. This can reduce the stress and travel time associated with transporting your own equipment and eliminates the risk of damage during transit. Research rental options at your destination, and don't forget to reserve any specialised equipment, such as a beach wheelchair or off-road tires, if you plan to visit sandy beaches or traverse uneven terrain.

Expect the Unexpected

If you decide to bring your own mobility equipment, always pack your charger and a backup battery. Consider purchasing an additional backup charger to ensure you're prepared for any situation. Renting a mobility device from a local store can provide peace of mind and ensure a more enjoyable travel experience.

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Before You Arrive at the Airport

When booking your flight, you can request special assistance online or by phone. If you are unable to walk long distances, request an airport wheelchair when you make your reservation. If you travel with a battery-powered wheelchair, you must arrive at the airport 1 hour prior to the normal check-in time.

When You Arrive at the Airport

Upon arrival, make your way to your airline's wheelchair storage area. Here, an attendant will scan your boarding pass and check your ID for verification before helping you into a wheelchair and loading your personal items.

Security Screening

You will then be guided to a special wheelchair access point at the front of the security lines, allowing you to bypass the often-long queues. An airline representative will remain with you throughout the security screening process, helping to secure your personal belongings and luggage from the conveyor belt.

Navigating to the Departure Gate

The airline representative will push your wheelchair to the departure gate, offering assistance with any food, snacks, or restroom breaks you may need along the way.

Boarding the Plane

At the departure gate, you will be offered the option to board early if you feel you need additional time in the boarding process. Once again, it is beneficial to have a travel companion who can help carry and store your items in the overhead bin.

After arriving at your destination, it is advisable to wait until all other passengers have deplaned to facilitate a smoother process for everyone. A wheelchair attendant will be waiting for you with a wheelchair, ready to help you make your way through the airport to the terminal exit.

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Planning and Preparation:

Before embarking on your journey, it is essential to plan and prepare for self-care and transfer needs. This includes:

• Practising different transfer techniques, such as the one-person transfer board, one-person pivot transfer, and one-person stand assist, to build your confidence and familiarity.
• Ensuring you have the necessary equipment, such as a transfer board, gait belt, and any customised tools or devices you may require.
• Packing tools and spares for your wheelchair in case any repairs are needed during your travels.
• Researching and identifying accessible destinations, including hotels, restaurants, and attractions, that can accommodate your needs.

Transfer Techniques:

When performing self-transfers, there are several techniques to ensure your safety and comfort:

• Positioning: Place your wheelchair as close as possible to the surface you are transferring to, forming a small angle with little to no gap between them. Ensure the brakes are locked!
• Using a Transfer Board: A transfer board can be extremely helpful when moving between surfaces. It bridges the gap, allowing you to slide across smoothly without having to push, pivot, and lift your body weight.
• Transferring Without a Board: This technique requires strength and practice. Position yourself with your feet on the ground in front of the wheelchair, then push up and swing through, pivoting up and over the wheel and gap. Make a stable landing on the target surface.
• Car Transfers: For transferring into a car, swing away or remove the footrests to clear the path. Slide the car seat back as far as possible to create more room. You may need assistance with this type of transfer, especially if your car is high off the ground.
• Toilet Transfers: Familiarise yourself with the features of the wheelchair and toilet. Use a raised toilet seat with arms to provide support and ease the transfer.
• Bed Transfers: Pull the bedsheet down to the end of the bed. Face up and scoot to the end of the bed. A caregiver can assist by placing one hand on your knee and the other under your outer shoulder.
• Couch Transfers: Position your wheelchair close to the edge of the couch. Support yourself by holding onto the hand rim of the wheel on the opposite side of the couch. Line up the wheelchair parallel to the couch during the transfer.

Additional Considerations:

• Strength and Ability: Be mindful of your strength and ability when transferring. If you experience difficulty or require assistance, don't hesitate to ask for help or consider travelling with a personal care assistant (PCA).
• Communication: When travelling with a PCA, clear communication is key. Establish their responsibilities, determine financial expectations, and set clear expectations regarding expenses and daily needs. Ensure they understand your specific needs and are capable of providing the required level of assistance.
• Practise and Adapt: Practise different transfer techniques to improve your skills and adapt them to suit your unique needs and abilities.

Remember, self-care and personal transfers require planning, preparation, and, most importantly, prioritising your safety and well-being.

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Fear and loneliness can be common emotions when travelling alone with a wheelchair. Here are some strategies to help you manage these feelings:

Research and Planning:

Before your trip, take time to thoroughly research your destination and plan accordingly. Knowledge is power, and the more you know about the accessibility of your chosen location, the more confident you will feel. Read blogs, travel forums, and reviews from other wheelchair users. Identify accessible transportation options, hotels, and attractions in advance to ease your worries.

Start Small and Practice:

If you're new to solo travel with a wheelchair, consider starting with local trips to familiarise yourself with the process. Practice navigating different environments, such as getting in a cab, using public transportation, or staying in a hotel. This will help you build confidence and identify any challenges you may face.

Accept Help and Assistance:

Don't be afraid to seek expert assistance. There are specialised tour companies that cater to disabled travellers, offering services like wheelchair-accessible tours, transfers, and hotel reservations. While these services can be costly, they can also provide peace of mind and make your journey more enjoyable.

Embrace Your Fear:

It's normal to feel anxious about the unknown, but don't let fear hold you back. Use your fear to stay alert and keep yourself safe. Remember, most people in the world are kind and willing to help. Embrace new experiences, and you may be surprised at how capable and brave you are.

Connect with Others:

Loneliness is a common feeling when travelling solo. Stay connected with family and friends back home through regular communication. Seek out social spaces like hostels, where you can meet fellow travellers and potentially find a travel buddy. Building connections and sharing experiences with others can help alleviate feelings of loneliness.

Self-Care and Comfort:

Take time to care for your mental health. Engage in activities that bring you comfort and familiarity, such as reading a favourite book or watching a beloved movie. If you're feeling homesick, indulge in foods that remind you of home or look at old photos. Surround yourself with good people and create new, positive memories.

Flexibility and Adaptability:

Understand that not everything will go according to plan. Embrace flexibility and be open to changing your travel style if needed. If solo travel becomes overwhelming, consider joining a tour group or finding a travel companion. Remember, it's okay to slow down or even return home if that's what you need.

Have Faith in Humanity:

Most people are inherently good and willing to lend a helping hand. Don't be afraid to ask for assistance when needed. You may be pleasantly surprised by the kindness of strangers and the sense of community that can be found while travelling.

Build Confidence Through Experience:

The more you travel, the more confident you will become. Each trip will teach you something new about yourself and your capabilities. Reflect on your past travel experiences and how you overcame challenges. Remember the beautiful moments and the sense of accomplishment that came with navigating new places.

Insure and Prepare:

One of the best ways to ease anxiety is to be prepared for the unexpected. Purchase travel insurance to protect yourself financially in case of illness, injury, or other unforeseen events. Additionally, have a plan for what to do if something goes wrong, such as knowing how to access wheelchair repairs or dealing with damaged equipment.

Remember, it's normal to feel fear and loneliness when travelling alone with a wheelchair. By researching, planning, and embracing new experiences, you can overcome these emotions and enjoy the freedom and excitement of solo travel.

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Frequently asked questions.

You can request special assistance when booking your trip online or call the airline if you have special requests. A coordinator will contact you before your trip to ensure everything is in order.

Wheelchair assistance is available for travel to and from your gate, navigating between gates for connecting flights, and transport to baggage claim. You can also use your own wheelchair or scooter at the airport and gate-check it before boarding.

It is recommended to request wheelchair assistance in advance and inform the airline of your needs. Additionally, familiarise yourself with your rights as a passenger with a disability, such as the Air Carrier Access Act in the US.

This depends on your level of disability. If you require constant care or cannot follow safety instructions, you must travel with a safety assistant, for whom you can purchase a ticket.

There are various income sources that can help fund your travels, such as disability pensions, consulting businesses, writing, and travel agencies. Additionally, you can take advantage of rewards programs and book trips in advance to find better deals.

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How To Fix U.S. Air Travel for Passengers With Disabilities | Opinion

W hen Kwaku Agyeman, a wheelchair agent at D.C.'s Reagan National Airport, first started his job 10 years ago, he was paid only $5.65 per hour, relying on tips to bring his salary up to the minimum wage. In the years since, his working conditions have hardly improved. He's not alone. Workers like Kwaku have seen their wages drop and benefits like health care disappear over the past decade, all while performing essential jobs like transporting baggage, providing food service, and assisting those who use wheelchairs. As a result, this workforce—which is largely comprised by people of color—often experiences short-staffing, high turnover, inadequate equipment, and improper training.

While airport workers are crucial to aviation travel, they are often treated as expendable. Services from wheelchair agents are supposed to be free for folks with disabilities, but Kwaku had to rely on passengers' generosity to help him make ends meet. Such conditions—in which workers are not provided the training and wages they deserve—make it harder for Kwaku and his colleagues to do their jobs and can hurt passengers. As Kwaku recently told disability rights advocates, "Airport workers across the country are fighting because we know our dignity is intertwined with yours."

Over the last year, thousands of passengers have experienced the decline of airline service, from the turmoil of flight delays and continual cancellations to a persistent lack of accessibility. And for those with mobility disabilities—including the 5.5 million adults who use wheelchairs in the United States—these pervasive problems can put their health and safety at risk.

As members of the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation, we regularly hear from our constituents with disabilities about the challenges they face when trying to travel. For many of these people, it's simply safer to avoid air travel altogether than deal with a damaged wheelchair or not receive appropriate accommodations, like sitting with a companion who can assist them during a flight.

After all, travel isn't just risky for passengers with disabilities—it can be debilitating, too, as a broken wheelchair can quite literally bring the user's life to a halt. Would you feel comfortable flying knowing there's a real risk that an airline could end up breaking your legs? That's what a broken wheelchair can mean to those who rely on them to get around. According to data from the Department of Transportation, from December 2018 to March 2022, airlines reported 20,000 "lost, damaged or completely destroyed" wheelchairs and scooters. An average of about 1,000 more have since been added to that total monthly.

It is imperative that we invest in protecting passengers—and to do that, we must invest in the workers who are integral to assisting them. That's why we reintroduced the Good Jobs for Good Airports Act to help ensure that every airport service job is a good job that puts workers on a path to livable wages and benefits while reducing turnover and improving training, thereby creating a smoother, safer, more accessible travel experience for all.

No matter how often you travel, where you live or whether you walk or roll through your local airport, every one of us wants to be treated with dignity and respect when we fly. But it just is not possible to have a world class air travel system that's accessible to all without an empowered, well-paid, well-trained, and stable aviation workforce, from pilots to passenger service agents to cabin cleaners. To us, it's obvious that it is past time that we actually look out and speak up for these workers by including the Good Jobs for Good Airports Act in this year's FAA reauthorization bill.

Senator Tammy Duckworth advocates for practical, common-sense solutions needed to move our country forward like rebuilding our crumbling infrastructure, protecting Illinoisans from lead poisoning, growing manufacturing jobs while supporting minority-owned small businesses, investing in communities that have been ignored for too long, and making college more affordable for all Americans.

Senator Tammy Baldwin has worked with Democrats and Republicans to strengthen economic security for working families, investing in education and workforce readiness, building a strong Made in Wisconsin economy, and protecting Americans' hard-earned retirement savings. Senator Baldwin is dedicated to ensuring Wisconsinites can lead healthy lives, successfully expanding access to high-quality health care, cutting the cost of prescription drugs, and helping ensure Wisconsinites have safe water, clean air, and an environment free of toxic chemicals.

Senator Edward J. Markey, a consumer champion and national leader on energy, environmental protection, and telecommunications policy, has a prolific legislative record on major issues across the policy spectrum and a deep commitment to improving the lives of the people of Massachusetts and our country.

The views expressed in this article are the writers' own.

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After 'generations' of discrimination, people with disability hope the Aviation White Paper will lead to change

Topic: Disabilities

Emma Bennison says she often feels like "a piece of luggage" at airports. ( ABC News: Luke Bowden )

The federal government made a series of accessibility pledges in the Aviation White Paper that was released this week.

People with all kinds of disability have long faced barriers to air travel and complained of discrimination.

What's next?

Current and former disability discrimination commissioners have welcomed the pledges but say they must lead to meaningful change.

Emma Bennison has encountered so many problems flying over the years, she's lost count of how many times she's been poorly treated.

"Every time I go to an airport, I'm anxious," said Ms Bennison, who is blind and a cane user.

Formerly CEO of Blind Citizens Australia and now chief innovation officer for Life Without Barriers, Ms Bennison has regularly travelled by air for work.

While she can't remember every single incident, a couple of distressing events spring to mind.

Emma Bennison says she's run into countless issues with the aviation sector over the years. ( ABC News: Luke Bowden )

There was the time she was forgotten by assistance staff she'd pre-booked and was left in an airport lounge for so long she missed her flight.

Or the time she was taken to an "accessible" seating area and left there for an hour and a half.

"I didn't know where I was. I stood up a couple of times and called out, but nobody seemed to notice," she said.

"Eventually I called my travel agent, and they called the airport, and the airport called the airline."

Then there are the smaller things she encounters repeatedly — everything from inaccessible websites and self-check-in kiosks to prejudice from airline and airport staff.

"If I'm with somebody else … they'll just ignore me, and they'll say, 'can she take her shoes off?', or 'can she stand over here and put her arms out?'

"It's particularly galling when I'm leading a team of people, and I'm often travelling with them, and they have to watch that."

Emma Bennison says she doesn't always feel respected during air travel. ( ABC News: Luke Bowden )

Ms Bennison said while staff often had good intentions and were doing their best, frustrating and belittling incidents were far too common.

"It makes me angry and disappointed ... and I feel like a second-class citizen. I've often said I just feel like a piece of luggage," Ms Bennison said.

"There are so many possible points of failure and … there is no empowering solution that enables me to get assistance if I need it."

Long-standing frustrations

Earlier this year, the ABC heard hundreds of stories from people with all kinds of disabilities from across the country who said Australian transport networks, including the aviation system, had failed them .

People with disability have reported being humiliated during air travel, having crucial mobility aids broken , getting slugged with extra costs , having assistance animals turned away , and being tipped out of wheelchairs .

But there's hope real change could be afoot.

The federal government pledged in its long-awaited Aviation White Paper this week to create an industry ombudsman and charter of rights.

As part of a suite of accessibility reforms, it also vowed to create aviation-specific disability standards — similar to those that exist for public transport — co-designed with people with disability and industry stakeholders.

Transport Minister Catherine King said the treatment of people with disability was "not good enough".

Airport and airline lobby groups have both acknowledged the issues people with disability face during air travel, and welcomed the opportunity to work with each other, the disability community and governments on next steps.

The Australian Airports Association said airports were, "well advanced in implementing measures to make travel more inclusive".

"This includes investments in facilities such as service animal relief areas and changing rooms, programs to make precincts easier to navigate, and providing disability training to staff," head of policy and advocacy Natalie Heazlewood said.

"Members … have also adopted the hidden disability program , with the development of guidance materials to recognise the importance of inclusivity at airports and promoting industry best practice."

Airlines for Australia and New Zealand chair Graeme Samuel said stakeholder discussions had already started on "improving the journey from kerbside to destination for passengers with accessibility requirements".

People with disability have long complained of discrimination at airports and during air travel. ( ABC News: Ewan Gilbert )

'Wheelchair apartheid'

Current and former disability discrimination commissioners have hailed the White Paper as a first step towards reforming an industry they said has discriminated against people with disability "for generations".

However, they said it was critical the pledges were acted on and new rules enforced — otherwise there was no point in creating them.

Incumbent commissioner Rosemary Kayess said the sector needed a stronger regulatory framework forcing it to be proactive, rather than reactive, to make sure discrimination didn't happen in the first place.

Ms Kayess said she'd personally experienced a gamut of frustrating incidents, from seeing her expensive power wheelchair end up in a different country after being put on the wrong flight, to breaking her arm after an on-board transfer between seats went wrong.

Rosemary Kayess says the White Paper represents a positive step forward. ( ABC News: Billy Cooper )

She said "real" co-design with the disability community was critical if the new standards were to be effective.

"People have been treated in very undignified ways … this can't just be a tick box [co-design process]," she said.

Graeme Innes served as commissioner between 2005 and 2014, and in January settled a long-running discrimination dispute with Adelaide Airport .

Mr Innes, who is blind, said he experienced issues "every time" he travelled, and some people with disability "just don't fly anymore because it's too hard".

"The message I receive is, 'we don't want you to travel, so we're going to make it as hard as possible', 'we don't care about you', or 'we care about you less than we do passengers without disabilities'."

Graeme Innes says it's now up to the government to turn words into actions. ( ABC News: Sarah Richards )

Mr Innes singled out Jetstar's policy of only allowing two wheelchair users on certain flights and said it amounted to "wheelchair apartheid".

In response, a Jetstar spokesperson said the availability of wheelchair assistance for each flight was shown throughout the booking process on its website, and customers should contact it if they had any questions.

They added that the airline was committed to providing safe and comfortable travel experiences for everyone, and it regularly reviewed the support it provided to customers.

Emma Bennison is hopeful the Aviation White Paper will lead to significant change. ( ABC News: Luke Bowden )

Ms Bennison said it shouldn't be up to people with disability to hold the system to account when it failed to include them.

"A lot of people don't do it anymore because it's just too exhausting … to have to keep reliving these incidents over and over," she said.

The new ombudsman scheme is expected to be operational by 2026, though no timeline has been set for the accessibility reforms.

"If all of those commitments in the White Paper were to come to fruition, that would significantly improve my day-to-day life and [those of] many friends and colleagues," Ms Bennison said.

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Air Travel Consumer Report: June 2024 Numbers

Contact:  [email protected]

WASHINGTON – The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) today released its Air Travel Consumer Report (ATCR) on airline operational data compiled for the month of June 2024 and the first six months of 2024 for on-time performance, mishandled baggage, mishandled wheelchairs and scooters, and second quarter oversales. The ATCR is designed to assist consumers with information on the quality of services provided by airlines. 

For June 2024, 1.3% of flights were cancelled, lower than the 2.1% cancellation rate for June 2023, lower than the 3.1% cancellation rate for June 2022, and lower than the 2.1% cancellation rate in pre-pandemic June 2019.     

For the first six months of 2024, the reporting marketing carriers posted a cancellation rate of 1.4%, down from 1.6% for the same period in 2023, down from 3.2% for the same period in 2022, and down from 2.4% for the same period in 2019.

DOT expects that airlines will operate flights as scheduled and that when they do not, airlines will provide consumers the services promised when a flight is cancelled or delayed because of an airline issue. After a two-year DOT push to improve the passenger experience, the 10 largest U.S. airlines now guarantee meals and free rebooking on the same airline and nine guarantee hotel accommodations. Consumer-friendly information regarding airline commitments to their customers is available on the Department’s Airline Customer Service Dashboard at FlightRights.Gov . DOT also pushed the 10 largest U.S. airlines to provide fee-free family seating and rolled out a new family seating dashboard that highlights the airlines that guarantee fee-free family seating and those that don’t. Four airlines – American Airlines, Alaska Airlines, JetBlue Airways, and Frontier Airlines - have stepped forward to guarantee fee-free family seating. 

Flight Operations

The 643,484 flights operated in June 2024 were 107.12% of the 600,721 flights operated in June 2023. Operated flights in June 2024 were up 7.12% year-over-year from the 600,721 flights operated in June 2023 and up 0.52% month-over-month from 640,137 flights operated in May 2024.   

In June 2024, the 10 marketing network carriers reported 651,799 scheduled domestic flights, 8,315 (1.3%) of which were cancelled. In May 2024, airlines scheduled 649,428 domestic flights, 9,291 (1.4%) of which were cancelled. In June 2023, airlines scheduled 613,577 domestic flights, 12,856 (2.1%) of which were cancelled.

June 2024 On-Time Arrival

In June 2024, reporting marketing carriers posted an on-time arrival rate of 74.3%, up from both 72.6% in May 2024 and 71.3% in June 2023. The year-to-date on-time arrival rate for 2024 is 76.9%.

Highest Marketing Carrier On-Time Arrival Rates June 2024 (ATCR Table 1)

• Hawaiian Airlines – 83.6%
• Delta Air Lines Network – 78.6%
• Alaska Airlines Network – 76.8% 

Lowest Marketing Carrier On-Time Arrival Rates May June (ATCR Table 1)

• Frontier Airlines – 61.3%
• JetBlue Airways – 69.7%
• Spirit Airlines – 70.7%

For the first six months of 2024, the reporting marketing carriers posted an on-time arrival rate of 76.93%, up from 76.48% for the same period in 2023.

June 2024 Flight Cancellations

In June 2024, reporting marketing carriers cancelled 1.3% of their scheduled domestic flights, lower than both the rate of 1.4% in May 2024 and the rate of 2.1% in June 2023. The year-to-date cancellation rate for 2024 is 1.4%.

Lowest Marketing Carrier Rates of Cancelled Flights June 2024 (ATCR Table 6)

• Southwest Airlines – 0.3%  
• Alaska Airlines Network – 0.6%   
• Hawaiian Airlines – 0.7%    

  Highest Marketing Carrier Rates of Cancelled Flights June 2024 (ATCR Table 6)

• Frontier Airlines – 3.5%    
• Spirit Airlines – 2.6%    
• JetBlue Airways – 2.5%    

For the first six months of 2024, the reporting marketing carriers posted a cancellation rate of 1.4%, down from 1.6% for the same period in 2023.

Complaints About Airline Service

Last month, DOT released data on the submissions (complaints, inquiries, and opinions) it received from consumers about air travel for June-December 2023 and the full calendar year 2023.   

The release of the submissions data in the ATCR continues to be delayed primarily because of the high volume of complaints against airlines and ticket agents received by the Office of Aviation Consumer Protection (OACP) and the time needed to review and process these consumer complaints using the Department’s outdated legacy consumer complaint application system. Over the past three years, complaints made up an average of 91% of consumer submissions. DOT plans to release data on the submission received from consumers about air travel for January-May 2024 in September.

The Department has been actively working on modernizing its system for handling consumer complaints with the support of a Technology Modernization Fund (TMF) investment to improve the customer experience for the tens of thousands of consumers who use the system each year. The modernization of the system will also enable OACP to engage in oversight of the airline industry more effectively and report complaint data to the public more quickly.   

Tarmac Delays

In June 2024, airlines reported 70 tarmac delays of more than three hours on domestic flights, compared to 38 tarmac delays of more than three hours on domestic flights reported in May 2024. In June 2024, airlines reported six tarmac delay of more than four hours on an international flight, compared to four tarmac delay of more than four hours on international flights reported in May 2024. 

Airlines are required to have and adhere to assurances that they will not allow aircraft to remain on the tarmac for more than three hours for domestic flights and four hours for international flights without providing passengers the option to deplane, subject to exceptions related to safety, security, and Air Traffic Control related reasons. An exception also exists for departure delays if the airline begins to return the aircraft to a suitable disembarkation point to deplane passengers by those times.

The Department investigates extended tarmac delays.

Mishandled Baggage

In June 2024, reporting marketing carriers handled 44.6 million bags and posted a mishandled baggage rate of 0.58%, same as the rate of 0.58% in May 2024, and lower than the rate of 0.70% in June 2023.

For the first half of 2024, the carriers posted a mishandled baggage rate of 0.56%, lower than the rate of 0.61% posted in the first half of 2023.

The Department began displaying the mishandled baggage data as a percentage (i.e., per 100 bags enplaned) in January 2022. This is consistent with the manner that the mishandled wheelchairs and scooters rate is calculated and displayed.     In the prior three calendar year reports (2019 to 2021), the Department calculated the mishandled baggage rate based on the number of mishandled bags per 1,000 checked bags. 

Mishandled Wheelchairs and Scooters

In June 2024, reporting marketing carriers reported checking 82,778 wheelchairs and scooters and mishandling 1,075 for a rate of 1.30% mishandled wheelchairs and scooters, higher than the rate of 1.24% mishandled in May 2024 and lower than the rate of 1.45% mishandled in June 2023.

For the first half of 2024, the carriers posted a mishandled wheelchair and scooter rate of 1.31%, lower than the rate of 1.37% posted in the first half of 2023.

To address many of the significant barriers and challenges experienced by passengers who use wheelchairs, the Department has proposed a rulemaking that, if adopted as proposed would make it an automatic violation of the Department’s Air Carrier Access Act regulations for airlines to mishandle a passenger’s wheelchair. This Notice of Proposed Rulemaking would also enhance training requirements for airline personnel who provide hands-on transfer assistance to passengers and handle wheelchairs. 

Bumping/Oversales

Bumping/oversales data, unlike other air carrier data, are reported quarterly rather than monthly. For the second quarter of 2024, the 10 U.S. reporting marketing carriers posted an involuntary denied boarding, or bumping, rate of 0.33 per 10,000 passengers, lower than the rate of 0.36 in the second quarter of 2023 and higher than the rate of 0.20 in the fourth quarter of 2023.

For 2024 year to date, the carriers posted bumping/oversales rate of 0.30% lower than the rate of 0.33% for year-to-date 2023.

Incidents Involving Animals

In June 2024, carriers reported one incident involving the death, injury, or loss of an animal while traveling by air, lower than the two reports filed in May 2024 and equal to the one report filed in June 2023. June’s incident involved the death of one animal.

As part of its IT modernization, DOT’s Office of Aviation Consumer Protection (OACP) is improving the options for covered carriers to submit their monthly and annual Reports on Incidents Involving Animals During Air Transport. While the new system is being developed, OACP continues to collect and publish monthly reports on animal incidents from covered carriers but has permitted carriers to delay submission of the annual report on the total number of animals transported and the total number of incidents involving animals during air transport. Annual data on such incidents will be published when DOT receives carriers’ complete submissions of the 2023 data. 

Consumers may file air travel consumer or civil rights complaints online at  https://secure.dot.gov/air-travel-complaint , or they may mail a complaint to the Office of Aviation Consumer Protection, U.S. Department of Transportation, C-70, W96-432, 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE, Washington, DC 20590.

The ATCR and other aviation consumer matters of interest to the public can be found at https://www.transportation.gov/airconsumer .

DOT’s Historic Record of Consumer Protection Under the Biden-Harris Administration

• DOT has issued a final rule that requires airlines to provide automatic cash refunds to passengers when owed and another final rule to protect consumers from costly surprise airline fees. These rules significantly expand consumer protections in air travel, provide passengers an easier pathway to refunds when owed, and save consumers more than half a billion dollars every year in hidden and surprise junk fees. Provisions of the final rule on airline refunds were fortified through the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024 (Public Law 118-63) that President Biden signed into law on May 16, 2024. The final rule that DOT issued to protect consumers against costly airline junk fees has been challenged in court by the airline industry and the court has put a temporary hold on implementation of this rule. The Department will continue to defend this rule and notes that nothing in the Court’s decision prevents airlines from voluntarily complying with this common-sense rule.
• In addition, DOT is improving transportation for individuals with disabilities. In July 2023, DOT finalized a rule which requires airlines to make lavatories on new, single-aisle aircraft more accessible. Then, in February 2024, DOT issued a proposal to address other barriers that Americans who use a wheelchair encounter when it comes to air travel by, among other things, proposing to mandate enhanced training for airline employees and contractors who physically assist passenger with disabilities and handle passengers’ wheelchairs.
• Further, when necessary, DOT takes enforcement action against airlines and ticket agents that fail to comply with the Department’s aviation consumer protection requirements. In 2023, DOT issued the largest fines in the history of the consumer protection office. This includes a $140 million penalty against Southwest Airlines for failing passengers during the 2022 holiday meltdown. That penalty, which was in addition to over $600 million DOT already ensured was refunded by Southwest to passengers, requires Southwest to establish a $90 million compensation system for passengers affected by significant delays and cancellations beginning April 30, 2024 . Additionally, DOT has helped return nearly $4 billion in refunds to travelers since the pandemic began.
• In April, DOT announced the launch of the bipartisan Airline Passenger Protection Partnership with 18 state attorneys general to investigate airlines and ticket agents and hold them accountable when they violate aviation consumer protection laws. The partnership significantly expands the Department’s oversight capacity by establishing a new fast-track system prioritizing misconduct cases from state attorneys general who uncover unfair or deceptive airline practices. Through the partnership, DOT will provide state attorneys general with access to the federal complaint database and help ensure that airlines cooperate with state investigations. 

The best cruise lines for wheelchair users and passengers with limited mobility

If you're a traveler with limited mobility, a cruise can be a great way to see the world without having to worry as much about logistics. Because all major cruise lines must comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act, they must ensure ships are equipped with accessible accommodations.

"In my experience, I've found that the newer the ship is, the more accessible it tends to be," Cory Lee, owner of wheelchair-accessible travel website Curb Free with Cory Lee , told TPG. "Any time a new cruise ship comes out, it seems like accessibility improves a bit.

"The major cruise lines here in the U.S. have pretty good accessibility usually. I'd also say that the larger the cruise ship is, the more accessible it is. Small ships and river cruises are not ideal for wheelchair users, and many are completely inaccessible. But if you stick to the big cruise lines, at least some level of accessibility is guaranteed," he added.

For more cruise news, reviews and tips, sign up for TPG's cruise newsletter .

We're calling out the cruise lines that do their best to cater to wheelchair users and passengers with limited mobility. Here are our top choices for lines offering everything from wider gangways, automatic doors, grab bars and lowered sinks to accessible theaters and restaurants.

Carnival Cruise Line

In addition to wheelchair-accessible seating in theaters and restaurants, Carnival Cruise Line's ships offer accessible elevators and public restrooms. They also offer three different types of accessible cabins.

Cabin types include ambulatory accessible cabins for cruisers who require canes and walkers but not wheelchairs. Wheelchair and scooter users can access fully accessible, stair-free, flat-threshold cabins; these offer wider (32-inch) doorways, turning space and bathrooms equipped with grab bars and shower seats. Some fully accessible rooms provide extra space on only one side of the bed, while others have wider access on both sides.

Related: The ultimate guide to Carnival Cruise Line ships and itineraries

Pool lifts are available on Carnival Celebration , Carnival Firenze, Carnival Freedom, Carnival Horizon, Carnival Jubilee , Carnival Miracle, Carnival Panorama, Carnival Paradise, Carnival Pride, Carnival Radiance, Carnival Sunrise, Carnival Venezia, Carnival Vista and Mardi Gras.

Wheelchairs and scooters can be rented and made available on board via Carnival's partnership with Scootaround. The line also provides airport transfers with wheelchair lifts when you make arrangements in advance.

Carnival has a dedicated Guest Access Team to answer questions and assist with cruise planning related to accessibility. You can reach the team by calling 800-438-6744 (extension 70025) or emailing [email protected].

Celebrity Cruises

Celebrity Cruises offers airport transfers for travelers who need wheelchair lifts, as long as you make the arrangements in advance. Additional assistance is available upon request at the pier during embarkation and disembarkation.

Related: The ultimate guide to Celebrity Cruises ships and itineraries

Celebrity's ships offer accessible public restrooms, wheelchair seating in restaurants and the theater, automatic doors, wheelchair-friendly elevators, lowered machines and tables in the casino, lowered counters at guest services, and pool lifts for at least one pool and one hot tub per vessel.

Ships also feature a number of accessible cabins. The accommodations include wider (32-inch) doorways, a 5-foot turning radius, lowered closet bars and accessible balconies (in select cabins). Accessible cabin bathrooms offer ramped thresholds, grab bars, lowered sinks and vanities, higher toilets, roll-in showers with fold-down benches and hand-held showerheads.

To reach Celebrity's Access Department, cruisers can call 954-628-9708 or email [email protected].

Related: Tips for going on a cruise as a wheelchair user

Disney Cruise Line

Disney Cruise Line offers both pre- and post-cruise transfers with lifts if requested in advance.

All of the line's ships offer accessible cabins across a variety of categories. They include entryways at least 32 inches wide, emergency call buttons, open bed frames, ramped bathroom thresholds, bathroom and shower grab bars, roll-in showers with fold-down seats, hand-held showerheads, and lower closet and towel bars. Bedrails, shower stools and raised toilet seats are also available on request.

Related: The ultimate guide to Disney Cruise Line ships and itineraries

Most public areas on Disney's ships — including theaters, restaurants and shops — are also accessible, and wheelchair-friendly public restrooms are available. You can find pool lifts on all ships in the fleet, but you must make appointments to use them.

Passengers who need wheelchairs, scooters or other assistive devices must bring their own or arrange for pickup and delivery through a third-party provider for use on board. Although Disney doesn't have a partnership with any particular company, it does reference Scootaround and Special Needs at Sea as providers that can deliver necessary equipment to your vessel.

For questions about or help with planning travel as a person with limited mobility, contact Disney Cruise Line Special Services at 407-566-3602 or email [email protected].

Holland America

Lee touts HAL as one of the most accommodating cruise brands he's tried. " Holland America is a great cruise line for wheelchair users," he said. "Since the clientele for Holland America skews older, their ships are designed with that in mind. I've cruised Alaska and even Antarctica with Holland America, and both cruises were phenomenal."

Cabin specifics vary by ship, but Holland America generally offers three types of accessible rooms for passengers with limited mobility. Ambulatory-accessible cabins are for passengers who require canes or walkers but not wheelchairs. Fully accessible cabins and fully accessible single-side approach cabins cater to wheelchair and scooter users. These accommodations provide wider doorways and accessible bathing facilities with grab bars, seats and hand-held showerheads. Single-side approach cabins have bed access from one side only, while fully accessible cabins have extra space on both sides.

Related: The ultimate guide to Holland America cruise ships and itineraries

Within these types of cabins, the line features three bathroom types. Roll-in showers offer enough turning space for wheelchairs to enter and maneuver in the shower area. Transfer showers allow room for wheelchairs to be positioned next to the shower for transfers from a wheelchair to a shower seat. Accessible bathtubs, like transfer showers, allow space for wheelchairs to maneuver alongside the bathtub for transfer to a seat in the tub.

Additionally, most ships in Holland America's fleet (all except Volendam and Zaandam) have been outfitted with tender lifts that allow passengers in wheelchairs or scooters to roll directly onto and off tenders while remaining seated.

Passengers requiring regular wheelchair or scooter use must bring their own assistive devices with them on board. If you're not bringing your own equipment, HAL recommends contacting Scootaround or Special Needs at Sea for rental options. Although the line cannot provide wheelchair assistance at airports or train stations, it can arrange for lift-equipped transfers to the embarkation port.

For help, questions or more information, cruisers can reach out to Holland America's Guest Accessibility Department at [email protected].

Related: Traveling with a disability? Why you should consider a cruise

MSC Cruises

Cruisers requiring special equipment such as wheelchairs, scooters, walkers and canes should arrange to bring those devices with them. Otherwise, they can contact a rental company that will deliver those devices to the ship pre-cruise and pick them up at the conclusion of the sailing. MSC Cruises can provide airport transfers with lifts if requested in advance.

Public areas, such as restaurants and theaters, are designed to be accessible, and pool lifts are available on some (but not all) ships.

Related: The ultimate guide to MSC Cruises ships and itineraries

Each MSC Cruises ship is outfitted with accessible cabins for passengers with limited mobility, including wheelchair users. Accommodations vary from ship to ship but include additional space and special amenities, such as grab bars and flat thresholds.

For questions about special requirements, email [email protected] or call 954-772-6262.

Norwegian Cruise Line

Norwegian Cruise Line offers wheelchair-accessible public spaces, such as theaters, restaurants and public restrooms. Each of the line's vessels is equipped with a pool lift, and airport transfers with lifts are available upon adavnce request. On embarkation day, NCL also organizes a meeting with onboard staff dedicated to ensuring your voyage is enjoyable and your needs are met.

Accessible cabins are available for booking on all ships in the line's fleet. They include larger entryways, roll-in showers with benches, high-rise toilets and handrails in the toilet and shower areas.

Related: The ultimate guide to Norwegian Cruise Line ships and itineraries

Passengers who wish to rent assistive devices for use on board rather than bringing their own can contact Scootaround — Norwegian's authorized vendor.

Travelers looking to cruise with NCL can contact the line's Access Desk for more information and answers. The desk can be reached at 866-584-9756 or [email protected] .

Related: How to travel on a budget as a wheelchair user

Princess Cruises

In addition to ADA-compliant public spaces, including elevators, theaters and restaurants, all Princess ships also have pool lifts that can be used by appointment. The cruise line offers airport transfers that can handle wheelchairs and scooters with advance notice.

A selection of cabins for wheelchair and scooter users is available on each ship. Each provides ample turning space for assistive devices, wider doorways with flat thresholds, a roll-in shower with a fold-down seat and grab bars, and an accessible closet and vanity. Specific layouts and amenities vary by ship, but some also include emergency call buttons.

Related: Everything you want to know about cabins and suites on Princess Cruises ships

To rent assistive devices in lieu of bringing your own, Princess recommends Scootaround and Special Needs at Sea as third-party providers.

Cruisers needing special mobility accommodations can contact Princess' Access Office at [email protected].

Royal Caribbean

Royal Caribbean provides airport transfers with lifts to accommodate passengers using wheelchairs and scooters. Additionally, the line can provide assistance at boarding and disembarkation. All public rooms have entrances with gradual inclines, and all hallways provide enough space for a 180-degree turn. Additionally, most deck spaces employ automatic doors.

Blackjack tables in the casinos are lowered for accessibility, as are sections of the guest relations desks. At least one pool and one whirlpool on each ship can provide lift access to passengers with limited mobility.

Related: Everything you want to know about cabins and suites on Royal Caribbean ships

The line's accessible cabins vary by ship but feature doorways with a minimum width of 32 inches, no doorsills, ramped bathroom entryways, roll-in showers with benches and grab bars, lowered sinks and vanities, hand-held showerheads, lowered closet rods and extra cabin space to offer a 5-foot turning radius. Raised toilet seats are also available on request. Some rooms also have accessible balconies.

If you aren't bringing your own assistive devices, Royal Caribbean recommends renting one for your cruise via either Scootaround or Special Needs at Sea.

Royal Caribbean's Access Department can help with planning and answer your questions. Call 866-592-7225 or email [email protected].

Bottom line

If you're booking a cruise and you or someone in your party has mobility or other disabilities that require an accessible cabin, it's important to plan ahead. Many cruise lines require a minimum of 30 days' notice for disability-related requests; others require 45, 60 or even 90 days. If you book an accessible cabin, most cruise lines will ask you to fill out a special needs form attesting to the need for accessible accommodations.

Cruisers should also remember that they will likely have to store assistive devices — such as wheelchairs, scooters, walkers and canes — in their cabins. For safety reasons, cruise line crew members are not permitted to assist with lifting passengers into or out of wheelchairs. They are also unable to provide help with bathing, dressing, toileting, feeding or other daily tasks.

Additionally, ports on certain itineraries require tendering when the ship cannot dock. Tender boat accessibility is often limited. Prospective passengers should keep all of this in mind when booking.

Keeping all of that in mind, a cruise vacation is still one of the best ways for wheelchair users to see the world without worrying about additional logistics. Do your research and preparations in advance, and you'll have a relaxing, worry-free trip once you're on board.

Planning a cruise? Start with these stories:

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