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Find travel health advice for destinations worldwide and a wealth of useful resources for travellers and health professionals providing travel health services in the UK. See our introduction to TravelHealthPro video here.

Latest News

Travelling to germany for euro 2024.

Travel health advice for fans going to the 2024 Euros

Dengue reminder

Dengue is a viral infection transmitted by mosquitoes found in tropical and sub-tropical climates, including parts of Europe

Global risk of measles: travel reminder

All travellers are advised to be up to date with measles vaccination

Travelling for Carnival

Follow our advice for a safe and healthy trip

Japanese encephalitis vaccine out of stock: advice for travellers and health professionals

Important advice on Japanese encephalitis vaccine shortage for health professionals

Cholera: worldwide risk reminder

A reminder of the risks of cholera worldwide and the importance of good food, water and personal hygiene for all travellers

Management and reporting of adverse events

Information on management and reporting of suspected adverse events or inadvertent administration following YF vaccination

Check the recommendations for your destination

• Featured  News and Factsheets
• Latest Outbreaks

Polio: Public Health Emergency of International Concern

An update on the polio Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)

Yellow fever update

Yellow fever cases continue to be reported in Africa and South America

Qdenga® dengue vaccine guidance

Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI) deliberations on Qdenga® vaccine now available

Yellow fever pre-vaccination checklist updated

Updates to the pre-vaccination checklist have been made in line with the new 'green book' yellow fever chapter

Nipah virus; information for travellers and health professionals

Information on risks and prevention for travellers and health professionals

Cholera vaccine shortage: advice for health professionals

Cholera cases increase worldwide, with shortages of cholera vaccine reported

Further update to 'green book' yellow fever chapter

Information about reinforcing doses of yellow fever vaccine has been updated in Immunisation against infectious disease

Travelling for Ramadan

Travelling abroad during Ramadan? Careful preparation helps you have a safe and healthy trip

Updated Japanese encephalitis 'green book' chapter published

The Japanese encephalitis chapter in the 'green book' (Immunisation against infectious disease) has been updated

Shigellosis in Belgium, Germany, Ireland & Netherlands

On 9 April 2024, 31 cases of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Shigella sonnei infections were reported in Belgium since January 2024. On 12 April 2024, cases were also reported from Germany (2), Ireland (2), and the Netherlands (1). All of the cases had links to a music festival in Belgium.

Botox reaction in USA

As of 12 April 2024, a total of 19 people from nine states have reported harmful reactions after receiving botulinum toxin injections from unlicensed or untrained individuals or in non-healthcare settings, such as homes and spas. Nine people have been admitted to hospital.

Cholera in Comoros

As of 14 April 2024, a total of 1,484 cholera cases, with 38 deaths (representing a 2.5% case mortality rate) have been reported since this cholera outbreak was declared on 2 February 2024. The three islands have reported cases, with most from Anjouan island.

Rabies in Timor-Leste

As of 22 March 2024, one fatal human case of rabies was confirmed in Pasabe Subregion, Oecusse. This is the first confirmed human case of rabies in Timor-Leste.

cVDPV2 in Liberia

As of 8 April 2024, circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) has been detected in an environmental sample in this country.

cVDPV2 in Senegal

Cvdpv2 in sierra leone, influenza a(h9n2) in vietnam.

As of 7 April 2024, the Vietnam Department of Information and Communications reported a confirmed human case of avian influenza A(H9N2) infection. This is the first confirmed human case of avian influenza A(H9N2) reported in Vietnam. To date, no further cases have been detected among close contacts.

Dengue in Argentina

Between 1 January and 25 March 2024, a total of 163,419 confirmed cases of dengue have been reported from Argentina. This reflects a six times greater number of cases compared to the previous season.

cVDPV2 in Angola

As of 13 March 2024, two circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) positive environmental samples were reported in Huambo and Luanda.

Advice Line for health professionals

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• Passports, travel and living abroad
• Travel abroad
• Foreign travel advice

Before you travel check that:

• your destination can provide the healthcare you may need
• you have appropriate travel insurance for local treatment or unexpected medical evacuation

This is particularly important if you have a health condition or are pregnant.

Emergency medical number

Dial 112 and ask for an ambulance.

Contact your insurance or medical assistance company promptly if you’re referred to a medical facility for treatment.

Vaccinations and health risks

At least 8 weeks before your trip check:

• the latest information on vaccinations and health risks in TravelHealthPro’s Turkey guide
• where to get vaccines and whether you have to pay on the NHS travel vaccinations page

UKHSA has detected an increase in gastrointestinal infections in travellers returning from Turkey, with over 200 cases of Salmonella detected since the beginning of 2023. Further information is available from UKHSA .  See NaTHNaC’s advice on food and water hygiene .

The legal status and regulation of some medicines prescribed or bought in the UK can be different in other countries. Some common medicines are controlled in Turkey. For more information and the documentation needed, contact the nearest Turkish Embassy or Consulate. Read best practice when travelling with medicines on TravelHealthPro .

The NHS has information on whether you can take your medicine abroad . British prescriptions are not accepted in pharmacies in Turkey. In some cases, you may be able to liaise with Turkish hospitals and your GP to arrange for a Turkish prescription for the equivalent medicine.

Health insurance cards

The European Health Insurance Card ( EHIC ) and Global Health Insurance card ( GHIC ) are not valid in Turkey.

Healthcare facilities in Turkey

View a list of medical facilities in Turkey .

Travel and mental health

Read FCDO guidance on travel and mental health . There is also mental health guidance on TravelHealthPro .

Medical tourism

Medical tourism is when people travel to have medical, surgical or dental treatment abroad. Cosmetic surgery, dental procedures and cardiac surgery are the most common procedures for medical tourists.

The standard of medical facilities and available treatments can vary widely globally. We are aware of over 25 British nationals who have died in Turkey since January 2019 following medical procedures. There were reports of an outbreak of botulism linked to weight loss treatments performed in Istanbul and Izmir in February 2023. You can find further information about botulism in Turkey on TravelHealthPro .

If you are considering travelling to Turkey for medical, surgical or dental treatment, you should:

• read more advice on going abroad for medical treatment and elective surgery
• discuss plans with your UK doctor before going ahead with any medical procedures abroad 
• do your own research - private companies have a financial interest in arranging your medical treatment abroad and the information they provide should not be your only source of information

Find further  advice on medical tourism from TravelHealthPro , and NHS guidance on going abroad for medical treatment , and (if relevant to you) on cosmetic surgery abroad . 

The Turkish Ministry of Health provides a list of its approved medical providers on the  HealthTurkiye website . This website is for information only. FCDO does not make any recommendation of or endorsement as to the competence or suitability of any individual or facility. It is important that individuals make their own enquiries and due diligence checks.

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• COUNTRY INFORMATION
• LATEST NEWS
• OUTBREAK SURVEILLANCE
• TOPICS IN BRIEF
• FACTSHEETS & RESOURCES
• WORLD OVERVIEW

24 April 2015

Enter email address to share this post, general advice for travellers, advice on preparing for safe and healthy travel and some basic precautions to follow while away.

• Content Sections

Before travel

During travel, after travel, key messages, travellers should research the health risks at their destination on our country information pages and check the foreign, commonwealth & development office security information., due to the covid-19 pandemic travellers should ensure they are up to date with current guidance and check possible travel restrictions, see our covid-19 general advice for travellers ., travellers requiring vaccines or malaria tablets should book an appointment with their healthcare provider at least four to six weeks before travel. an appointment is still worthwhile for those with less time., for those with pre-existing health problems, an earlier appointment is recommended, even when vaccines or malaria tablets are not required., all travellers should ensure they have adequate travel health insurance . if visiting european union (eu) countries, travellers should carry an european health insurance card (ehic) or a global health insurance card (ghic) as this will allow access to state-provided healthcare in some countries, at a reduced cost, or sometimes for free. the ehic or ghic, however, is not an alternative to travel insurance. check the gov.uk website for guidance., this article contains information and advice on preparing for safe and healthy travel and some basic precautions to follow while away..

While most travellers have a healthy and safe trip, some risks are relevant to travellers regardless of destination. These may include road traffic and other accidents, diseases transmitted by insects or ticks, diseases transmitted by contaminated food and water, sexually transmitted infections or health issues related to the heat or cold.

Travellers can visit the Country Information pages of our website to find useful resources and recommendations on travel vaccinations, malaria, disease outbreaks and other risks where relevant. The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) website contains useful information on COVID-19 related control measures, entry requirements and safety and security issues worldwide.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to check up to date travel guidance and consider the risk of COVID on the journey and at the destination, see our general advice for travellers .

For those requiring vaccines or malaria tablets, an appointment with a health professional should be booked at least four to six weeks before travel. For some travellers, courses of vaccines may be recommended, which can take a number of weeks to complete. However, even if time is short, an appointment is still worthwhile as some vaccines and malaria tablets can be given to last minute travellers. For those with pre-existing health problems, an earlier appointment is recommended, even when travel vaccines or malaria tablets are not required, as a general check-up before travel is advisable.

Many GP surgeries operate a travel clinic, usually run by the practice nurse. Travellers should try to allow plenty of time to make an appointment, as surgeries are often very busy. Some travel vaccines are available free with GP surgeries, others are usually charged for such as yellow fever, rabies and Japanese encephalitis vaccinations. There are also many specialist travel clinics around the country; these usually operate on a private basis. Those visiting private clinics should remember to take records of previous vaccinations and details of any medical conditions and medications with them. Travel clinics offering the yellow fever vaccine in England, Wales and Northern Ireland can be found on our website.

The pre-travel appointment provides an opportunity to assess health risks taking into account a number of factors including destination, medical history, and planned activities. In order to evaluate the risk, travellers will be asked for detailed information about themselves and their travel plans. This will include:

• Personal details, including age
• Destination/s
• Departure date
• Length of stay
• Planned activities
• Type of accommodation
• Previous vaccinations received
• Medical history

Following this risk assessment, the health professional will make recommendations on any appropriate vaccines and malaria tablets, as well as offering advice on how to reduce the risk of other potential hazards. Travellers should ensure they have adequate travel health insurance and that emergency contact numbers are carried.

If visiting European Union (EU) countries travellers should carry an European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) or a Global Health Insurance Card (GHIC) as this will allow access to state-provided healthcare in some countries, at a reduced cost, or sometimes for free. The EHIC or GHIC, however, is not an alternative to travel insurance. Check the GOV.UK website for guidance.

Those taking medication should check if there are any restrictions entering or travelling through the countries on their itinerary with the relevant embassy (see resources below). Medication should be carried in its original pharmacy packaging, along with copies of prescriptions and supplies should be adequate to cope with potential travel delays. A letter from the GP or prescriber detailing the medicines is also advised.

Travellers should consider packing a medical kit tailored to their destination such as a first aid pack containing items such as basic analgesia (pain killers), gauze, antiseptic, non-stick wound dressings, tape, plasters, tweezers and a thermometer. Other items may include sun screen, insect repellent, diarrhoea treatment medication and oral rehydration solution, condoms, an impregnated mosquito net and water disinfection equipment.

Those planning long distance travel (more than 4 hours) should consider if they are at increased risk of deep vein thrombosis (venous thromboembolism - VTE). Those at increased risk include older travellers, pregnant women, those with a previous history of VTE or recent surgery, those with certain blood clotting disorders, malignancy, certain heart conditions and those taking oestrogen containing medicines (see resources section). These travellers should consider the use of properly fitted compression socks and seek advice from their healthcare provider. Low molecular weight heparin therapy may be recommended for those at particular risk. Aspirin is not recommended for the prevention of VTE during travel [1]. To reduce the risk of VTE, travellers should regularly mobilise their legs (walk when possible or flex and extend the ankles to encourage blood flow from the lower legs).

During the COVID-19 pandemic travellers should take particular care to reduce their risk of infection. See guidance from UK Health Security Agency on living safely with respiratory infections, including COVID-19 . Transport operators and other countries may have specific control measures in place so travellers should check with their airline / other carrier and check and follow the local rules for their destination .

Travel provides a great opportunity to try new food and drinks. However, it is sensible to try and select safer options where possible. Travellers' diarrhoea can occur in any destination but it is particularly common in those visiting low-income countries. It can be difficult to avoid in some areas, but travellers can try and reduce their risk by taking care with food and water hygiene (see resources). It is also sensible to be prepared to manage the symptoms of diarrhoea.

Insect bites can lead to skin irritation or infection. In some countries, insects and ticks can also transmit a number of different diseases. Travellers should reduce their risk by using bite avoidance measures. Protective clothing, impregnated mosquito nets and repellents are helpful. Insect repellents containing N, N-diethylmetatoluamide (DEET) are the most effective [2]; they have been widely tested under field conditions. They can be used in concentrations up to 50 percent in pregnant or breast-feeding women, and in infants and children older than two months [3].

The sun can be enjoyed safely by using shade, protective clothing, sunglasses and sunscreen to prevent burning.

Travellers should be alert to personal safety issues and remember that alcohol or drug use may increase the risk of accidents and injuries and can invalidate travel insurance claims. Drinking alcohol is forbidden in some countries and the penalties for supplying or possessing illicit drugs can be very severe in some countries.

Travellers returning with fever, diarrhoea with blood or any other worrying symptoms, such as altered mental status, severe abdominal pain, jaundice or rash should seek prompt medical care and mention their travel history.

Those taking malaria tablets should remember to complete the course of tablets as recommended.

Travellers who have been in contact with fresh water rivers and lakes in the tropics (for example for swimming or wading) should enquire about schistosomiasis screening tests if the disease is considered to be present in the country. Countries with risk of schistosomiasis can be found on the Country Information pages in the 'Other Risks' section, see also Topics in Brief . These tests are usually performed at least 12 weeks after last possible exposure to the water. GP centres may offer these tests or may refer travellers to a specialist unit.

Those developing symptoms of COVID-19 should follow current public health advice, which may differ in: England , Wales , Scotland and Northern Ireland .

• Food and water hygiene

Insect and tick bite avoidance

• Medicines and travel
• Personal safety
• Sexually transmitted infections

Sun protection

• List of foreign embassies in the UK
• Travel Aware - staying safe and healthy abroad
• ABTA - Have a safe and healthy holiday

Watson HG, Baglin TP. Guidelines on travel-related venous thrombosis. Br J Haematol. 2011 Jan; 152(1):31-4

Goodyer li, croft am, frances sp, et al. expert review of the evidence base for arthropod bite avoidance. j trav med. 17:182-92, 2010., public health england, advisory committee on malaria prevention for uk travellers (acmp) guidelines for malaria prevention in travellers from the united kingdom 2021. [accessed 12 may 2022], explore more.

Advice on avoiding food and water-borne diseases

VTE (deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism) can occur as a result of long periods of immobility associated with any form of travel

Carrying medication abroad and advice regarding falsified medication

Protection from insect and tick bites is essential to help prevent vector-borne diseases such as malaria, yellow fever and Zika

Infectious diseases

Chikungunya.

This viral infection occurs in some tropical and subtropical regions of the world, predominantly transmitted through the bite of an infected Aedes mosquito

Cholera is an acute diarrhoeal disease usually associated with poverty, poor sanitation and inadequate access to clean drinking water

Travellers' diarrhoea

Following advice on food and water hygiene is sensible, but travellers should always be prepared to manage the symptoms of travellers' diarrhoea

Preparing for healthy travel

Travel insurance.

Travellers must declare medical conditions when taking out travel insurance to ensure they are suitably covered

Enjoy the sun safely - limit your sun exposure, protect your skin and eyes to avoid damage from the sun’s ultra violet rays

Special risk travel/traveller

Sickle cell disease and thalassaemia.

Information on pre-travel preparation, tips to stay health abroad and links to useful resources for travellers with sickle cell disease and thalassaemia

Rheumatology conditions

Travel health advice for travellers and health professionals

Areas of humanitarian crisis

For humanitarian aid workers and those advising those travelling to areas of conflict or disaster

Clinic resources

Educational events.

A list of courses, conferences and study days of relevance to UK health professionals working, or wishing to work, in the field of travel medicine

'Getting to Grips...' online events and video guides

Online guides and webinar sessions for health professionals interested in travel health

Vaccines and medicines: availability, supply, shortages and use of unlicensed medicines

Information for health professionals on availability of vaccines and use of unlicensed products

TravelHealthPro on your site

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Hospital for Tropical Diseases

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Update April 12, 2024

Information for u.s. citizens in the middle east.

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Turkey Travel Advisory

Travel advisory july 26, 2023, turkey - level 2: exercise increased caution.

Reissued with obsolete COVID-19 page links removed.

Exercise increased caution when traveling to Turkey due to terrorism and arbitrary detentions. Some areas have increased risk. Read the entire Travel Advisory.

Do Not Travel To:

• Sirnak province, Hakkari province, and any area within six miles (10 kilometers) of the Syrian border due to terrorism.

Country Summary:  Terrorist groups continue plotting possible attacks in Turkey.  Terrorists may attack with little or no warning, targeting tourist locations, transportation hubs, markets/shopping malls, local government facilities, hotels, clubs, restaurants, places of worship, parks, major sporting and cultural events, educational institutions, airports, and other public areas.

Security forces have detained tens of thousands of individuals, including U.S. citizens, for alleged affiliations with terrorist organizations based on scant or secret evidence and grounds that appear to be politically motivated.  U.S. citizens have also been subject to travel bans that prevent them from departing Turkey. Participation in demonstrations not explicitly approved by the Government of Turkey, as well as criticism of the government (including on social media), can result in arrest.

Read the  country information page  for additional information on travel to Turkey.

If you decide to travel to Turkey:

• Stay alert in locations frequented by tourists.
• Avoid demonstrations and crowds.
• Stay at hotels with identifiable security measures.
• Monitor local media and be prepared to adjust your plans quickly.
• Enroll in the  Smart Traveler Enrollment Program  ( STEP ) to receive travel alerts and make it easier to locate you in an emergency.
• Follow the Department of State on  Facebook  and  Twitter .
• Review the  Country Security Report for Turkey.
• Visit the CDC page for the latest  Travel Health Information  related to your travel. 
• Prepare a contingency plan for emergency situations. Review the  Traveler’s Checklist .

Sirnak Province, Hakkari Province, and Any Area within six miles (ten kilometers) of the Syrian Border – Level 4:  Do Not Travel

Do not travel to Sirnak province, Hakkari province, or any area within six miles (10 kilometers) of the Turkey/Syria border due to the continued threat of attacks by terrorist groups, armed conflict, and civil unrest.  Terrorist attacks, including suicide bombings, ambushes, car bomb detonations, and improvised explosive devices, as well as shootings, and illegal roadblocks leading to violence have occurred in these areas. U.S. government employees are subject to travel restrictions in the entire provinces of Sirnak and Hakkari, and any areas within 10 km of the Syrian border.

Visit our website for  Travel to High-Risk Areas .

Travel Advisory Levels

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Protecting the health of the British traveller

• About NaTHNaC

Choose from our websites and some key resources below to learn more.

TravelHealthPro

Travel health information aimed at healthcare professionals advising travellers, and people travelling overseas from the UK including news, factsheets, outbreak reports and country information.

Yellow Fever Zone

Clinical and administrative resources for healthcare professionals and other staff running or managing a Yellow Fever Vaccination Centre (YFVC). Also find out how to apply to become a YFVC.

Telephone advice line for health professionals

Health professionals advising travellers with complex itineraries or specialist health needs can call weekdays to speak to one of NaTHNaC’s specialist travel health nurses. Find opening hours, contact number and more details.

NaTHNaC Training Portal

Health professionals can access booking information for online and classroom training in yellow fever vaccination, get guidance on how to gain experience in travel medicine and view a listing of forthcoming travel health courses.

Yellow fever vaccination centre search

Search by location or postcode to find a centre offering yellow fever vaccination in England, Wales or Northern Ireland. YFVCs generally also offer a wider travel health service. Search also Scotland, Isle of Man and the Channel Islands.

Outbreak Surveillance

Information on disease outbreaks and incidents worldwide from a wide variety of sources, and can be used along with the Country Information section of TravelHealthPro.

We were set up by the Department of Health in 2002 with the broad aim of Protecting the Health of British Travellers . We seek to improve the quality of travel health advice given by GP practices, travel clinics, pharmacies and other healthcare providers, and provide up to date and reliable information for the international traveller, travel industry and national government.

We are commissioned by UK Health Security Agency and hosted by University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (UCLH) ; we also work in partnership with our other network founders Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM) , London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) and the Hospital for Tropical Diseases (HTD) .

Health professionals and travellers seeking health information ahead of travel should visit our website: travelhealthpro.org.uk .

Our main goals

• To develop national guidance on travel health for health professionals advising the public.
• To advise on specific situations and circumstances that could affect the health of British travellers.
• To identify and report on disease outbreaks and other health hazards worldwide.
• To share our information and expertise widely.
• To keep a register of, monitor and train Yellow Fever Vaccination Centres (YFVCs) in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.
• To collaborate with organisations, particularly in the travel and insurance industries, and in the NHS and government, which share our aim of Protecting the Health of British Travellers.
• To train health professionals to provide best quality, evidence-based trave health advice and services.
• To initiate research, collect and analyse data to enable us to achieve our goals.

Annual reports

• NaTHNaC Annual report 2022-2023
• NaTHNaC Annual report 2021-2022
• NaTHNaC Annual report 2020-2021
• NaTHNaC Annual report 2019-2020
• NaTHNaC Annual report 2018-2019

Dr Dipti Patel OBE Director

Dr Vanessa Field Deputy Director

Administration Team

Masum Miah Operations Manager

Linda Pang YFVC Support

Sheena Ryan Business Support

Terence Corrigan Online Communications

Information

Sanch Kanagarajah Senior Information Analyst

Samia Richards-Zoubir Analyst for Travel Health

Dr Yasvita Gupta Intern Analyst for Travel Health

Clinical Team

Dr Lisa Ford (Liverpool) Clinical Advisor

Dr Catherine Smith Consultant

Dr Natalia Rodriguez-Valero Honorary Clinical Fellow

Dr Kirsten MacGregor Speciality Registrar

Hilary Simons (Liverpool) Senior Specialist Nurse (Travel Health)

Lynda Bramham Specialist Nurse (Travel Health)

Mary Gawthrop Specialist Nurse (Travel Health)

Alexandra Stillwell Specialist Nurse (Travel Health)

Rose Tucker Specialist Nurse (Travel Health)

Rachael Fletcher Specialist Nurse (Travel Health)

NaTHNaC has offices in London and Liverpool.

Membership of the Technical Advisory Group

Dr Nick Beeching Clinical Director, Tropical & Infectious Disease Unit, Royal Liverpool Hospitals; Senior Lecturer in Infectious Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Dr Mike Brown Infection Division Clinical Director, University College London Hospitals (UCLH); Senior Lecturer in Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Kevin Dyer Senior Business Development Manager, UK Health Security Agency Dr Vanessa Field Deputy Director, NaTHNaC Prof James G. Logan Head of Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Dr Nicky Longley Consultant Physician and Clinical Lead in Travel Medicine, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals Prof Dilys Morgan MBE Chair of NaTHNaC Technical Advisory Group Dr Dipti Patel OBE Director, NaTHNaC Prof Bertie Squire Professor of Tropical Medicine and Dean of Clinical Sciences and International Public Health at the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Dr Fiona Yung Divisional Manager Clinical Support Services, Pathology, Infection , Camden MSK, University College London Hospitals

Our partners

NaTHNaC was founded in 2002 by the Department of Health and is now commissioned by UK Health Security Agency. We work in partnership with our network founders.

UK HEALTH SECURITY AGENCY

THE HOSPITAL FOR TROPICAL DISEASES

LIVERPOOL SCHOOL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE

LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE

UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON HOSPITALS NHS FOUNDATION TRUST

Travel vaccination advice

If you're planning to travel outside the UK, you may need to be vaccinated against some of the serious diseases found in other parts of the world.

Vaccinations are available to protect you against infections such as yellow fever , typhoid and hepatitis A .

In the UK, the  NHS routine immunisation (vaccination) schedule protects you against a number of diseases, but does not cover all of the infectious diseases found overseas.

When should I start thinking about the vaccines I need?

If possible, see the GP or a private travel clinic at least 6 to 8 weeks before you're due to travel.

Some vaccines need to be given well in advance to allow your body to develop immunity.

And some vaccines involve a number of doses spread over several weeks or months.

You may be more at risk of some diseases, for example, if you're:

• travelling in rural areas
• backpacking
• staying in hostels or camping
• on a long trip rather than a package holiday

If you have a pre-existing health problem, this may make you more at risk of infection or complications from a travel-related illness.

Which travel vaccines do I need?

You can find out which vaccinations are necessary or recommended for the areas you'll be visiting on these websites:

• Travel Health Pro
• NHS Fit for Travel

Some countries require proof of vaccination (for example, for polio or yellow fever vaccination), which must be documented on an International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis (ICVP) before you enter or when you leave a country.

Saudi Arabia requires proof of vaccination against certain types of meningitis for visitors arriving for the Hajj and Umrah pilgrimages.

Even if an ICVP is not required, it's still a good idea to take a record of the vaccinations you have had with you.

Find out more about the vaccines available for travellers abroad

Where do I get my travel vaccines?

First, phone or visit the GP practice or practice nurse to find out whether your existing UK vaccinations are up-to-date.

If you have any records of your vaccinations, let the GP know what you have had previously.

The GP or practice nurse may be able to give you general advice about travel vaccinations and travel health, such as protecting yourself from malaria.

They can give you any missing doses of your UK vaccines if you need them.

Not all travel vaccinations are available free on the NHS, even if they're recommended for travel to a certain area.

If the GP practice can give you the travel vaccines you need but they are not available on the NHS, ask for:

• written information on what vaccines are needed
• the cost of each dose or course
• any other charges you may have to pay, such as for some certificates of vaccination

You can also get travel vaccines from:

• private travel vaccination clinics
• pharmacies offering travel healthcare services

Which travel vaccines are free?

The following travel vaccines are available free on the NHS from your GP surgery:

• polio (given as a combined diphtheria/tetanus/polio jab )
• hepatitis A

These vaccines are free because they protect against diseases thought to represent the greatest risk to public health if they were brought into the country.

Which travel vaccines will I have to pay for?

You'll have to pay for travel vaccinations against:

• hepatitis B
• Japanese encephalitis
• tick-borne encephalitis
• tuberculosis (TB)
• yellow fever

Yellow fever vaccines are only available from designated centres .

The cost of travel vaccines that are not available on the NHS will vary, depending on the vaccine and number of doses you need.

It's worth considering this when budgeting for your trip.

Other things to consider

There are other things to consider when planning your travel vaccinations, including:

• your age and health – you may be more vulnerable to infection than others; some vaccines cannot be given to people with certain medical conditions
• working as an aid worker – you may come into contact with more diseases in a refugee camp or helping after a natural disaster
• working in a medical setting – a doctor, nurse or another healthcare worker may require additional vaccinations
• contact with animals – you may be more at risk of getting diseases spread by animals, such as rabies

If you're only travelling to countries in northern and central Europe, North America or Australia, you're unlikely to need any vaccinations.

But it's important to check that you're up-to-date with routine vaccinations available on the NHS.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding

Speak to a GP before having any vaccinations if:

• you're pregnant
• you think you might be pregnant
• you're breastfeeding

In many cases, it's unlikely a vaccine given while you're pregnant or breastfeeding will cause problems for the baby.

But the GP will be able to give you further advice about this.

People with immune deficiencies

For some people travelling overseas, vaccination against certain diseases may not be advised.

This may be the case if:

• you have a condition that affects your body's immune system, such as HIV or AIDS
• you're receiving treatment that affects your immune system, such as chemotherapy
• you have recently had a bone marrow or organ transplant

A GP can give you further advice about this.

Non-travel vaccines

As well as getting any travel vaccinations you need, it's also a good opportunity to make sure your other vaccinations are up-to-date and have booster vaccines if necessary.

Although many routine NHS vaccinations are given during childhood, you can have some of them (such as the MMR vaccine ) as an adult if you missed getting vaccinated as a child.

There are also some extra NHS vaccinations for people at higher risk of certain illnesses, such as the flu vaccine , the hepatitis B vaccine and the BCG vaccine for tuberculosis (TB) .

Your GP can advise you about any NHS vaccinations you might need.

Find out about NHS vaccinations and when to have them

Page last reviewed: 16 March 2023 Next review due: 16 March 2026

Luxury Wellness Holidays & Retreats in Turkey

Turkey is a destination synonymous with wellness, with traditional hammams – or Turkish Baths, an integral part of its culture since the 15th century. As well as their cultural significance, they are essential for detoxifying the body and relaxing the mind, pairing perfectly with Turkey’s natural hot springs and luxury spa retreats. Beyond its limitless wellness potential, Turkey is a mystical land of dreamy coastlines, epic history, and spellbinding sights. The Aegean coast, the magnificent ruins of Ephesus (Efes), the verdant Kaçkar Mountains, the Aya Sofya and every unmissable landscape in-between form an alluring destination with a story at every turn. With some of the world’s most unmissable hikes, including the Lycian Way, and azure coastlines perfect for water sports or beach getaways, the opportunities for activities to complement your luxury wellness break are endless.

Local Currency

Turkish Lira (TRY)

What's the Best Time to Visit Turkey?

Turkey experiences pleasant weather for most of the year. While the peak of summer can be wonderful for days spent by the pool or coast, April to May and September to October are generally the best times for sightseeing as their slightly lower temperatures are more accommodating for days spent exploring Turkey’s impressive sights.

Luxury wellness hotels in Turkey

Mandarin Oriental Bodrum

The Mandarin Oriental Bodrum is a magnificent five-star resort overlooking the beautiful Aegean Sea.

Six Senses Kaplankaya

Discover a transformative retreat at Six Senses Kaplankaya, where stunning natural surroundings, integrative wellness, and a commitment to sustainability come together to create an unforgettable experience.

Hiking in the Kaçkar Mountains

Hike the Lycian Way

Pamukkale Mineral Spa

Here are some top experiences to inspire you

The best luxury retreats in turkey.

Mindfulness at Six Senses Kaplankaya

This program invites you to slow down, breathe, and cleanse your mind, fostering self-awareness and resetting your brain.

Discover Yoga at Six Senses Kaplankaya

Whether you are a novice or a seasoned practitioner, this program invites you to immerse yourself in a daily practice of hatha yoga, relieving stress, enhancing strength, flexibility, and mental clarity.

Weight Management at Six Senses Kaplankaya

Embrace this transformative journey that includes wellness screenings, private fitness training sessions, yoga or pilates classes, personalized meditation, detoxifying therapies, body wraps,

Detox at Six Senses Kaplankaya

This transformative retreat is designed to guide you on a purifying journey, effectively eliminating toxins, promoting improved digestion, boosting your immune system, and nurturing mental clarity.

REASONS TO BOOK WITH US

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Traveling From the USA to Turkey? Here Are 3 Health Insurances to Know in 2023

Byron Mühlberg

Monito's Managing Editor, Byron has spent several years writing extensively about financial- and migration-related topics.

Links on this page, including products and brands featured on ‘Sponsored’ content, may earn us an affiliate commission. This does not affect the opinions and recommendations of our editors.

Whether you're travelling to Turkey to visit friends or family there, or just as a tourist eager to see the famous Hagia Sophia, Topkapi Palace, or ride balloons over Cappadocia, before arriving from the US, it's crucial to consider your travel insurance options And while traveling to Turkey can be an accessible, it's worth remembering that out-the-pocket healthcare costs tend to be pricey, so it's a good idea to arrive with travel health insurance under your belt.

Luckily, online global insurances (known as 'insurtechs') specialize in cost-savvy travel insurance to Turkey and other countries worldwide. Our list below explores the four services we believe provide the best deals for young adventurers, everyday holidaymakers looking for comprehensive but affordable coverage, and longer-term expats alike.

Turkey Insurance Profile

Here are a few of the many factors influencing the scope and cost of travel insurances for Turkey:

Best Travel Insurances for Turkey

• 01. Should I get travel insurance for Turkey? scroll down
• 02. Best medical coverage: VisitorsCoverage scroll down
• 03. Best trip insurance: Insured Nomads scroll down
• 04. Best mix for youth and digitial nomads: SafetyWing scroll down
• 05. FAQ about travel insurance from the USA to Turkey scroll down

Is Travel Insurance Mandatory From the USA to Turkey?

Yes, travel insurance is mandatory for travel to Turkey. This means that as a traveller to Turkey, you must provide valid travel insurance coverage for the entire duration of your stay. If you don't arrive with travel insurance, you risk being denied entry into Turkey, or even deported in certain cases from America.

However, regardless of whether or not it's legally required, it's always a good idea to take our health insurance before you travel — whether to Turkey or anywhere else. For what's usually an affordable cost , taking out travel insurance will mitigate most or all of the risk of financial damage if you run into any unexpected troubles during your trip abroad. Take a look at the top five reasons to get travel insurance to learn more.

With that said, here are the top three travel insurances for Turkey from America:

VisitorsCoverage: Best Medical Coverage

Among the internet's best-known insurance platforms,  VisitorsCoverage  is a pioneering Silicon Valley insurtech company that offers comprehensive medical coverage for visitors from the USA traveling to Turkey. It lets you choose between various plans tailored to meet the specific needs of your trip to Turkey, including coverage for emergencies, doctor's visits, and other medical-related expenses. With its easy online purchase process and 24/7 live chat support, VisitorsCoverage is a reliable and convenient option if you want good value and peace of mind while travelling abroad.

• Coverage 9.0
• Quality of Service 9.0
• Pricing 7.6
• Credibility 9.5

VisitorsCoverage offers a large variety of policies, and depending on your needs and preferences, you'll need to compare and explore their full catalogue of plans for yourself. However, we've chosen a few highlights for their travel insurance for Turkey:

• Policy names: Varies
• Medical coverage: Very good. Includes coverage for doctor and hospital visits, pre-existing conditions, repatriation, mental health-related conditions, and many others.
• Trip coverage: Excellent - but only available for US residents.
• Customer support: FAQ, live chat and phone support
• Pricing range: USD 25 to USD 150 /person /month
• Insurance underwriter: Lloyd's, Petersen, and others
• Best for: Value for money and overall medical coverage

Insured Nomads: Best Trip Coverage

Insured Nomads is another good travel insurance provider for Turkey, especially if you're adventurous or frequently on the go and are looking for solid trip insurance from the USA with some coverage for medical incidents too. With Insured Nomads, you can choose the level of protection that best suits your needs and enjoy a wide range of benefits, including 24/7 assistance, coverage for risky activities and adventure sports, and the ability to add or remove coverage as needed. In addition, Insured Nomads has a reputation for providing fast and efficient claims service, making it an excellent choice if you want peace of mind while exploring the world.

• Coverage 7.8
• Quality of Service 8.5
• Pricing 7.4
• Credibility 8.8

Insured Nomads offers three travel insurance policies depending on your needs and preferences. We go through them below:

• Policy names: World Explorer, World Explorer Multi, World Explorer Guardian
• Medical coverage: Good. Includes coverage for doctor and hospital visits, pre-existing conditions, repatriation, and many others.
• Trip coverage: Good. Includes coverage for trip cancellation and interruption, lost or stolen luggage (with limits), adventure and sports activities, and many others.
• Customer support: FAQ, live chat, phone support
• Pricing range: USD 80 to USD 420 /person /month
• Insurance underwriter: David Shield Insurance Company Ltd.
• Best for: Adventure seekers wanting comprehensive trip insurance

SafetyWing: Best Combination For Youth

SafetyWing is a good insurance option for young people or digital nomads from the USA because it offers flexible but comprehensive coverage at a famously affordable price. With SafetyWing, you can enjoy peace of mind in Turkey knowing you're covered for unexpected medical expenses, trip cancellations, lost or stolen luggage, and more. In addition, SafetyWing's user-friendly website lets you manage your policy, file a claim, and access 24/7 assistance from anywhere in the world, and, unlike VisitorsCoverage, you can even purchase a policy retroactively (e.g. during a holiday)!

• Coverage 7.0
• Quality of Service 8.0
• Pricing 6.3
• Credibility 7.3

SafetyWing offers two travel insurance policies depending on your needs and preferences, which we've highlighted below:

• Policy names: Nomad Insurance, Remote Health
• Medical coverage: Decent. Includes coverage for doctor and hospital visits, repatriation, and many others.
• Trip coverage: Decent. Includes attractive coverage for lost or stolen belongings, adventure and sports activities, transport cancellation, and many others.
• Pricing range: USD 45 to USD 160 /person /month
• Insurance underwriter: Tokyo Marine HCC
• Best for: Digital nomads, youth, long-term traveling

Compare For Yourself

In this post, we explored three travel insurance providers you should consider for your next trip to Turkey from the USA. That being said, there are many more providers out there, some of which might make even more sense for you depending on your travel needs and preferences. To compare the top providers on the market, run a search on Monto's travel insurance comparison engine below 👇

Find travel insurance for you:

How do they compare.

Interested to see how VisitorsCoverage, SafetyWing, and Insured Nomads compare as travel insurances to Turkey? Take a look at the side-by-side chart below:

Data correct as of 14/02/2023

FAQ About Travel Insurance from the USA to Turkey

Travel insurance typically covers trip cancellation, trip interruption, lost or stolen luggage, travel delay, and emergency evacuation. Some travel insurance packages also cover medical-related incidents too. However, remember that the exact coverage depends on the insurance policy.

Yes, travel insurance is mandatory for travel to Turkey. This means that as a traveller to Turkey, you must provide valid travel insurance coverage for the entire duration of your stay. If you don't arrive with travel insurance, you risk being denied entry into Turkey, or even deported in certain cases.

Yes, medical travel insurance is almost always worth it, and we recommend taking out travel insurance whenever visiting a foreign country. Taking out travel insurance will mitigate some or all of the risk of covering those costs yourself in case you need medical attention during your stay. In general, we recommend VisitorsCoverage to visitors worldwide because it offers excellent value for money and well-rounded travel and medical benefits in its large catalogue of plans.

Health insurance doesn't cover normal holiday expenses, such as coverage for missed flights and hotels, but in case you run into medical trouble while abroad, it may cover some or all of your doctor or hospital expenses while overseas. However, not all health insurance providers and plans offer coverage to customers while abroad, and that's why it's generally best to take out travel insurance whenever you travel.

Although there's overlap, health and travel insurance are not exactly the same. Health insurance covers some or all of the cost of medical expenses (e.g. emergency treatment, doctor's visits, etc.) while travel insurance covers non-medical costs that are commonly associated with traveling (e.g. coverage for missed flights, stolen or lost personal belongings, etc.).

The cost of travel insurance depends on several factors, such as the length of the trip, the destination, the age of the insured, and the level of coverage desired. On average, travel insurance can cost anywhere between 3% and 10% of the total cost of the trip.

A single-trip travel insurance policy covers a specific trip, while an annual one covers multiple trips taken within a one-year period. An annual policy may be more cost-effective for frequent tourists.

Yes, you can sometimes purchase travel insurance after starting your trip, but it is best to buy it before the trip begins to ensure maximum coverage. If you do need to buy insurance after you've started your trip, we recommend VisitorsCoverage , which offers a wide catalogue of online trip and medical insurance policies, most of which can be booked with immediate effect. Check out our guide to buying travel insurance late to learn more.

Yes, you can most certainly purchase travel insurance for a trip that has already been booked, although we recommend purchasing insurance as soon as possible aftwerwards to ensure all coverage is in place before your journey begins. Check out our guide to buying travel insurance late to learn more.

See Our Other Travel Insurance Guides

Looking for Travel Insurance to Another Country?

See our recommendations for travel insurance to other countries worldwide:

Districts [ edit ]

Central Moscow districts [ edit ]

Outlying districts [ edit ], understand [ edit ].

Moscow is the financial and political centre of Russia and the countries formerly comprising the Soviet Union. It has a population of around 13 million and an area of 2,511 square kilometres (970 sq mi) after an expansion in 2012. One-tenth of all Russian citizens live in the Moscow metropolitan area. Moscow is the second most populous city in Europe, after Istanbul , and has the most populous metropolitan area in Europe, with some 21 million residents. Moscow is in the UTC+3 time zone; there is no daylight saving time.

Many years since the break up of the Soviet Union, the economy has improved, and the modern era has brought upon a wide variety of construction projects, modern architecture and newer transport systems replacing the derelict ones during Soviet times.

Geography [ edit ]

Moscow is a large metropolis on the Moskva River, which bends its way through the city. The historical center is on the northern bank of the river. The other major waterway is the Yauza River, which flows into the Moskva east of the Kremlin.

Much of Moscow's geography is defined by the 3 'Ring Roads' that circle the city at various distances from the centre, roughly following the outline of the walls that used to surround Moscow. With Red Square and the Kremlin forming the very centre, the innermost ring road is the Boulevard Ring ( Bulvarnoye Koltso ), built in the 1820s where the 16th century walls used to be. It runs from the Christ the Savior Cathedral in south-west central Moscow, to the mouth of the Yauza in south-east central Moscow.

The next ring road, the Garden Ring ( Sadovoe Koltso ), derives its name from the fact that landowners near the road in Tsarist times were obligated to maintain gardens to make the road attractive. In Soviet times, the road was widened, and there are now no gardens there.

The Third Ring Road, completed in 2004, is not much use for tourists but is a heavily used motorway which absorbs a bit of Moscow's traffic. It roughly follows the outline of Kamer-Kollezhsky val , the customs boundary of Moscow in the 18th – early 20th century. The outer edge of Moscow is largely defined by the Moscow Ring Road (widely known by its abbreviation: MKAD-Moskovskaya kolcevaya avto doroga), a motorway which is 108 km (67 mi) long and encircles the entire city (similar to London's M25 and Paris' Périphérique ).

Climate [ edit ]

The climate of Moscow features warm summers and long, cold winters.

Get in [ edit ]

See Russia#Get in for visa requirements to Russia.

By train [ edit ]

Moscow is a railway hub, with connections to all parts of Russia and far into Europe and Asia. Due to its hub status, Moscow's train stations are often crowded; trains are the usual form of intercity transport for most Russians. The stations have a reputation for being unsafe but paradoxically the threat of terrorism has improved things: security gates, policing and surveillance deter the casual thugs and villains. Guard your valuables and yourself as you would in any big city.

All long-distance trains are operated by Russian Railways and its subsidiaries, except for a few international trains with other operators. Tickets can be bought at stations or online . For domestic trains, you can show the ticket officer your online boarding pass; however, international trains require a printed ticket. There are usually ticket counters with English-speaking personnel - they may be marked as such, or the clerk may direct you to another counter if they can't cope with your English. See Russia#By train 2 for more details on travelling in Russia by train.

From Europe [ edit ]

All trains from Europe halted since 2020

Train stations in Moscow [ edit ]

Moscow has 10 train stations, 9 of which are near metro stations close to the center of Moscow. Be sure to note the station from which your train is departing, which will be indicated on the ticket, or online . Three stations ( Leningradsky , Yaroslavsky , and Kazansky ) are on one huge square, informally known as the "Three Stations' Square". A running joke among Moscow taxi drivers since the Soviet times is to be able to pick up a fare from one of them to the other, taking the unwary tourist on an elaborate ride in circles. Be prepared for enormous queues trying to enter or exit the Metro at peak times, as people are getting off or on the commuter trains.

By car [ edit ]

Many entry points to Moscow over the Ring Road and into the city feature rotating roadblocks, where teams of traffic police may stop a vehicle, especially if it is not featuring Moscow plates. You may be stopped and questioned but you'll be allowed to proceed if you have all the proper documents.

Foreign cars, especially expensive cars, might attract unwelcome attention, and there is cumbersome paperwork involved to enter Russia by car.

By boat [ edit ]

There is no scheduled passenger service to Moscow by boat; however, cruise ships do provide service to the Northern River Terminal, on the Moscow Canal near the Khimki Reservoir. The pier is not convenient to the city and it can take over 2 hours to reach the city centre by car.

A system of navigable channels and locks connects the Moskva River with the Volga River, which is further connected to the Baltic Sea , White Sea, the Azov, the Black Sea, and the Caspian Sea. In the Soviet times this allowed the official propaganda to refer to Moscow as "a port on the five seas".

By bicycle [ edit ]

Moscow is the easternmost destination of the EuroVelo cycling routes . Eurovelo Route 2 , the Capitals Route, is a 5,500 km (3,400 mi) route starting in Galway , Ireland , passing through Dublin , London , Berlin , Warsaw and Minsk before terminating in Moscow.

By metro [ edit ]

The Metro is open from 05:30-01:00. Station entrances are closed at 01:00, and at this time the last trains depart from all of the termini stations. After 01:00, many locals will enter the train station using the exits, which are still open. Service on the ring line runs until 01:30, although entrances are closed at 01:00. The down escalators are also shut off at 01:00.

There is signage in the Metro stations in English and the Latin alphabet, but these signs are not everywhere. Each train carriage has a map in Latin script and there is one near the entrance to each station. Note the direction of the train before you alight. It is worth printing a map of the metro system in both Cyrillic and Latin letters to take with you.

All trains in the system have free WiFi onboard, but you will need to have a Russian phone number to get the authorization code to access the WiFi. Some of the older train cars are not climate controlled.

2 or 3 stations may be connected as transfer points but will each have a different name. There are 2 stations called Smolenskaya and 2 stations called Arbatskaya , but the station pairs are not connected to each other despite having the same name. Some of the stations are very deep underground, and transfer times between certain metro lines can take a lot of time. In the city centre, it can save time to go directly to the above-ground entrance of the line you want to take rather than to enter at a connecting station and transfer underground. On the escalators, stand on the right and walk on the left except for peak hours, when standing on the left side is also allowed.

Some of the train stations include beautiful architecture and it is worth taking a guided tour of the metro system. The most interesting stations in terms of decor are Komsomolskaya (ring line), Novoslobodskaya (ring line), Kievskaya (ring line), Kropotkinskaya (Line #1 - red), Kievskaya (Line #3 - dark blue), Arbatskaya (Line #3 - dark blue), Ploschad' Revolyutsii (Line #3 - dark blue), Mayakovskaya (Line #2 - dark green). Also look at the architecture of the ground entrance building of Arbatskaya (Line #4 - light blue) and Krasnye Vorota (Line #1 - red). History buffs may appreciate that Metro Line #1 (red) has the oldest stations, opened in 1935.

The Vorobyovy Gory Metro Station on Line #1 (red) is unique in that it is on a bridge crossing the Moscow River. This bridge also carries auto traffic road on another level. There is a beautiful view through the transparent sides of the station. A great observing point around Moscow is located nearby on Vorobyovy hills, next to the main building of Lomonosov Moscow State University.

There are a couple of unique trains operating through the system and you will be lucky if you get to ride them. Aquarelle (Watercolor) is a train that includes an art gallery. The train operates daily on Line #3 (dark blue). The Sokolniki Retro Train is a train modeled after the original 1930s trains and it occasionally is placed into service, usually around a major anniversary of the metro system.

The metro is relatively safe, although pickpockets are a problem, as they are in any environment where a lot of people are pressed together. Opportunistic petty crime, such as snatching someone's mobile phone and jumping out just as the doors are closing, is also commonplace. Take the usual precautions at night when gangs of inebriated teenagers may look for an excuse to beat someone up. There is no train guard or conductor, so the first car near the driver may be the safest. Every car is equipped with an intercom to the driver's cabin; they are beige boxes with a grill and a black button near doors, and mostly work, unless visibly vandalized.

By tram [ edit ]

There are several tram routes, although trams are not common in the city centre.

By monorail [ edit ]

Moscow Monorail is a 4.7 km (2.9 mi) monorail line with 6 stations. It is slower, less frequent, and has shorter operating hours when compared with the metro (every 30 min, 08:00-20:00). However, the view is picturesque. It is useful to get to the Ostankino Tower, or to get to the VDNKh exhibition centre from Metro Line #9 (silver). Interchanges between Moscow Metro and Monorail is free, no additional fee will be charged.

By hop-on-hop-off bus [ edit ]

The hop-on-hop-off bus is a convenient way for tourists to see the major sights quickly and efficiently. The buses feature English-speaking guides to answer any questions. A 1 day pass costs $24 for adults and $15 for children.

See [ edit ]

Do [ edit ].

Moscow has many attractions, but many of them are not friendly to a non-Russian-speaker. English-language newspapers like The Moscow Times , Element [dead link] , Moscow News and others can help to navigate towards English-language friendly attractions and services.

Circuses [ edit ]

Theatres [ edit ].

• Bolshoi Theatre , one of the oldest and best known ballet and opera companies in the world.

Learn [ edit ]

Moscow remains the educational center of Russia and the former USSR. There are 222 institutes of higher education, including 60 state universities & 90 colleges. Some of these offer a wide-spectrum of programs, but most are centered around a specific field. This is a hold-over from the days of the USSR, when Sovietwide there were only a handful of wide-spectrum "universities" and a large number of narrow-specialization "institutes" (mostly in Moscow & St.Petersburg). Moscow offers some of the best business/management, science, & arts schools in the world. Moscow is also a popular destination for foreign students to learn Russian.

Work [ edit ]

You will need a work visa which is not an easy process. The visa needs to be arranged well in advance of traveling. It is possible to work in Moscow, you just need to find a good company to support you. The main obstacle for many foreigners will be a mandatory Russian language exam required to obtain a work permit.

Shopping malls [ edit ]

Large shopping malls are common near metro stations.

Tipping [ edit ]

For information on tipping in restaurants, see Russia#Eat .

Ethnic food [ edit ]

Authentic ethnic food from countries of the nearby Caucasus ( Azerbaijan , Georgia , Armenia ) is common in Moscow. Japanese food, including sushi, rolls, tempura, and steakhouses are very popular in Moscow. Other Asian cuisines including Vietnamese, Thai, and Chinese are becoming increasingly more common.

Budget [ edit ]

Street food [ edit ].

Free-standing kiosks serving sausages, meat pies, or kebobs are plentiful, although the origins of the meat served is questionable and the food has been known to occasionally make people sick.

Muscovites are also fond of their ice cream, consumed in any weather, even in the dead of winter, cheap and usually of superior quality; kiosks can be found all over the center and near all Metro stations.

Foodcourts 2.0 [ edit ]

This term is used in articles by local food critics: since 2016, several special food courts were opened with independent and small food chains, for those people who get bored of McDonald's-like food. They offer a wider choice of cuisines.

Clubs [ edit ]

Nightlife in Moscow is bustling, intense and exciting. It starts quite late; it's common for the headliners to start at 02:00-02:00. Most noticeable are areas near Solyanka street and Krasniy Oktyabr' place. At summer time a lot of clubs opening open-air terraces called "verandas". Most of clubs in Moscow are very picky of who they let in, so make sure you have a positive attitude and dress up if you are going to a fancy club.

Gazgolder [dead link] (not far from Kremlin) is among the best.

Cafes [ edit ]

Moscow has several café chains with great coffee including Coffeemania and Coffee Bean [dead link] . Moscow also has a good selection of tea saloons. High-quality infusion teas such as Newby, are widely available in cafes, both in packets and loose.

Asking to add boiling water to the tea you ordered earlier is a practice that some cafes don't welcome, but normally it's acceptable.

Sleep [ edit ]

Stay safe [ edit ].

Moscow enjoys a relatively low crime rate.

Drunk people are the most likely sources of problems. In the past years, lots of policemen were corrupt, and it was best to avoid them. Nowadays Moscow has a Tourist Police force, whose officers are able to speak foreign languages and help tourists. Police officers are equipped with body-cameras.

It is preferable to avoid some parts of the outer districts of Moscow, especially in the south. Some of those areas are notorious for gopniks (drunkards notorious for muggings and starting fights with strangers, and will do so seemingly unprovoked), who normally hang out in sparse residential areas and in industrial zones. The same problems can be witnessed in the surrounding regions and in other Russian cities as well.

While traveling in Moscow, as in the rest of Russia, you should always have your passport with you. If you look non-white, your papers may get checked more often than otherwise. The police may demand to see your papers to check if you have been registered within 7 business days of your arrival into Moscow. Always remember that if you stay in a hotel then you are automatically registered and will be handed a confirmation paper at a time of check-in, so don't worry in this case. The police are usually looking for migrants from Central Asia and unless you fit this profile, you are unlikely to be questioned.

Women should take caution walking alone late at night since they may receive unwanted attention from drunk men. Women should also stay clear of large companies of men in front of bars, restaurants, etc. It is best to walk with a friend if possible.

Streets can become very slippery in winter. Wear shoes or, even better, boots with decent grip to prevent twisted ankles. Ice patches can be hard to spot. A waterproof raincoat is also sensible.

Traffic is poorly handled, and vehicle accident rates are very high.

If you need help with translation, ask students or pupils: younger people are more likely to be able to help you than the older generations.

Connect [ edit ]

For information on using telephones and buying SIM cards in Russia, see Russia#Connect .

Mobile Internet is quite affordable in Russia, but you have to buy Russian SIM-card first.

Wireless Internet [ edit ]

Moscow Metro has Wi-Fi in all trains. It is ad-supported.

Mosgortrans has Wi-Fi spots on every bus, trolleybus and tram. Also sometimes you can find Wi-Fi spot on a public transport stop.

Beeline Wi-Fi [dead link] operates the largest network of both paid and free Wi-Fi access points. If there is a charge, you can pay online via credit card.

There is a large network of free Wi-Fi hotspots in the city centre; check your device in the middle of a busy area and you may find one.

Many cafes and restaurants offer Wi-Fi - ask for password. Most bookstores offer free Wi-Fi, including "Dom Knigi" on New Arbat Street or "Respublika" bookstore on Tverskaya near Mayakovskaya Metro Station.

Some establishments that offer free Wi-Fi may require you to verify an authorization code sent to a Russian phone number before gaining access, but for the most part, foreign numbers also work as of 2016.

Cope [ edit ]

Embassies [ edit ].

Moscow is one of the global diplomatic capitals, competing with Berlin , Brussels , Beijing , Paris , London , Tokyo and Washington D.C. . Most of the world's countries have their embassies in the city.

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ISTANBUL MOSCOW FLIGHT TICKET

As a city full of history, istanbul shines out as an extremely vigorous and colorful cultural center as well. this magnificent metropolis offers a wide range of festivals especially in the summer months. besides, it is possible to find a couple of concerts, plays and shows to attend each night in istanbul. another european city enthralling its guests by various events, moscow is also as vigorous and colorful as istanbul. book your flight with turkish airlines now to enjoy a comfortable journey of high quality between these two ceaselessly vigorous metropolises. book your ticket now.

Turkish Airlines offers four direct flights in average every day from Istanbul to Moscow. Flights take off from Istanbul Airport (IST) and land at Vnukovo International Airport (VKO) within nearly two hours and fifty minutes. The distance between these cities is roughly one thousand seven hundred kilometers.

Passengers wishing to increase their flight alternatives in this route may also consider the connecting flights over Antalya Airport (AYT) or Ankara Esenboğa Airport (ESB).

From: Istanbul

It is a bit difficult to mention a single tourist center in Istanbul, since these magical city hosts one of a kind beauties around every corner. On the other hand, Taksim and nearby districts are amongst the top most visited spots. Make sure to walk along Istiklal Avenue, have a rest in Nevizade and enjoy yourself in Asmalımescit. You may then walk through the colorful streets and reach Galata Tower to watch the spectacular panoramic view of Golden Horn from the observation deck of the tower.

There are two international airports serving in Istanbul: Istanbul Airport (IST) and Sabiha Gökçen Airport (SAW). Turkish Airlines flights from Istanbul take off from both airports in the city. However, the point of departure for the flights to Moscow is solely Istanbul Airport (IST).

Transportation from the city center to Istanbul Airport (IST)

There are many ways that you can reach Istanbul Airport from Istanbul city center, located approximately 35 km from the airport. By private vehicle you can take the connected TEM and E5 roads to reach the airport. If you wish, you can reach the airport in approximately half an hour for around 100TL.

If you are opting for public transportation, there are scheduled IETT buses and Havaist shuttles that depart from 60 different locations You can find more detailed information on how to reach the airport via our transport information page.

Destination: Moscow

Famous for its glorious Red Square, Moscow is flooded with millions of visitors throughout the year. Each corner of this charming city full of Ancient Russian architectural works resembles passionately painted canvases. Kremlin and Lenin's Mausoleum are one of the favorite attractions the city offers. Moscow can be visited every season; it cheers you up with its verdant view in summer and is simply amazing under cottony snow in winter…

There are four airports serving in Moscow: Sheremetyevo Airport (SVO), Domodedovo Airport (DME), Vnukovo Airport (VKO) and Zhukovsky Airport (ZIA). Turkish Airlines flights to Moscow land at Vnukovo Airport (VKO).

Transportation from Moscow Vnukovo Airport (VKO) to the city center

Located 28 kilometers from the center and serving in international flights, Vnukovo Airport (VKO) offers various alternatives for reaching the center, including the railway, bus or cabs.

Cabs would be the most comfortable and swiftest option to reach the center. Buses would be an alternative for those wishing to use public transportation. Heading towards the city center from the stations 150 meters from the airport, buses reach the center within nearly thirty minutes. Moreover, you may also use the express train service called Aeroexpress to reach Kievsky Railway Station in the center.

An enjoyable travel awaits you

• We have collected expert opinions for you on our Fly Good Feel Good page which will provide the basics of a comfortable travel and enable you to fly with ease.
• With the best dining on board experience including the most special tastes from Turkish and World cuisines, your flight is transformed into a feast.
• With the most enjoyable movies, music, games and more appealing to different tastes, traveling becomes much more pleasant thanks to our inflight entertainment system .
• You can travel with your pets like cats, dogs and birds, and share the excitement of discovering new destinations with them.
• We have good news for our passengers wishing to transport their sports equipment ! We carry the first set of your golf and ski equipment free of charge.
• Take a close look at the features of our renewed mobile app carrying your travel experience a step further.