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307 Triangle

Paris, France

Project Description available in French and German

La Tour Triangle se perçoit tout d’abord à l’échelle métropolitaine de la ville de Paris. Situé Place de la Porte de Versailles, sa forme singulière offre des perceptions multiples et dynamiques. Sa silhouette varie en fonction du point depuis lequel on l’observe. D’une forme triangulaire reconnaissable à un profil de lame effilée, la Tour Triangle propose de multiples visages et apportera à la Place de la Porte de Versailles une grande visibilité depuis l’ensemble de la métropole.

A l’échelle de la Place de la Porte de Versailles, l’insertion de Triangle le long de l’avenue Ernest Renan, au cœur du Parc des Expositions et en retrait des bâtiments avoisinants, jouera un rôle important dans la réorganisation des flux et dans la perception de l’espace urbain. Triangle permettra de revitaliser l’axe historique émanant de la rue de Vaugirard reliant le 15ème arrondissement de Paris et les communes limitrophes d’Issy-les-Moulineaux et de Vanves. La calibration précise et spécifique de sa volumétrie favorise son insertion dans le tissu urbain et vise à limiter l’impact du bâtiment sur son environnement. Sa forme triangulaire a deux fonctions : elle préserve de généreux angles de vues du ciel pour les riverains et elle réduit, tel un cadran solaire, la projection d’ombres sur les bâtiments avoisinants. Triangle est conçu comme un morceau de ville que l’on aurait fait pivoter et placé verticalement. Sa programmation offre une grande mixité. Pour le visiteur, le projet est d’abord perçu depuis la Porte de Versailles où converge les réseaux des transports en commun. Le socle du bâtiment est ouvert à tous, la base de Triangle s’étire le long de l’avenue Ernest Renan. Le projet offrira une programmation riche tout en recréant un front de rue vivant. Une crèche, un centre de santé, un centre culturel, des restaurants, des cafés, des commerces permettrons de remettre le piéton au cœur d’un espace public pensé à son échelle et offrant les qualités d’une rue parisienne animée. La part belle est aussi faite aux mobilités douces avec l’intégration d’un parking de stationnent vélos et trottinettes de 880 places.

Un belvédère et un restaurant sont situés au plus haut de Triangle. Trois ascenseurs panoramique publiques relieront le rez-de-chaussée au sommet depuis lequel le visiteur découvrira des points de vue exceptionnels sur l’ensemble de la métropole. Un Hôtel a aussi été imaginé au cœur de Triangle. Localisé sur la façade Nord, ses 130 chambres trouveront place entre les niveaux 13 et 18 et disposeront de terrasses orientées vers Paris. L’hôtel offrira aussi un Skybar et un restaurant accessible à tous.

Triangle proposera à ses usagers des espaces de travail de grande qualité. Sa forme singulière lui permet de développer des plateaux généreux baignés de lumière naturelle. Le projet dispose d’une grande variété de typologies d’espaces. Des modes de circulation doux ont été pensés au sein de la tour grâce à l’intégration d’escaliers hélicoïdaux. Ces escaliers relient les étages entre eux évitant ainsi l’utilisation systématique des ascenseurs tout en favorisant les échanges entres les utilisateurs.

Triangle fait la démonstration qu’une grande mixité programmatique au sein d’une tour est possible. La conception de sa structure et de sa façade lui permette d’accueillir tout type d’usages et en font un projet fondamentalement flexible capable de s’adapter aux besoins présents et futurs.

La relation des usagers à l’environnement extérieur a aussi été privilégiée. L’enveloppe de Triangle intègre de multiples ouvrants qui permettrons aux utilisateurs de ventiler naturellement les bureaux. Un large éventail d’espaces extérieurs végétalisés et accessibles ont aussi été imaginés. Au Nord, la particularité d’une façade dessinée en gradins a permis l’insertion de terrasses orientées vers la ville et déployées en cascade. Ces terrasses seront accessibles depuis tous les étages. Elles deviendront de véritables espaces à vivre, aussi bien pour les utilisateurs quotidiens que pour les clients de l’hôtel, les visiteurs du Belvédère ou ceux du Restaurant panoramique. Au Sud, la géométrie de la façade a permis l’intégration de panneaux photovoltaïque. Installés sur toute la hauteur de Triangle, ils bénéficieront d’une orientation optimale pour la production d’énergie renouvelable. Enfin et à proximité de l’Avenue des loggias extérieures surplombent l’espace public. Intégrées sous la forme d’une découpe triangulaire précise de l’enveloppe en verre, elles favoriseront les interactions entre les utilisateurs de Triangle et l’activité de la rue.

En conclusion, Triangle permettra de recréer un espace urbain fort et animé Place de la Porte de Versailles. Il sera non seulement un nouveau vecteur entre le centre historique de Paris et l’agglomération comprise au sens large, mais aussi une silhouette exceptionnelle dans le système d’axes et de monuments de la ville, comme un signal au cœur du Parc des Expositions.

Herzog & de Meuron, 2021

Triangle ist zunächst im Kontext der Metropole Paris zu verstehen. Seine einzigartige Form – jene einer unregelmässigen Pyramide mit trapezförmiger Grundfläche – steht im Kontrast zum typischen Anblick, den ein klassischer, lediglich senkrecht in die Höhe gezogener Turm bieten würde. Sein spezielles Volumen verleiht Triangle vielfältige und dynamische Ansichten, die je nach Standpunkt des Betrachters variieren. So wird es zu einem aktiven Gestaltungselement der Skyline von Paris und sorgt dafür, dass die Place de la Porte de Versaille und das Messegelände von jedem Punkt der Stadt aus gut zu erkennen sein werden.

Im Bereich der Place de la Porte de Versailles wird das Einfügen eines symbolträchtigen und unverwechselbaren Gebäudes entlang der Avenue Ernest Renan, im Zentrum des Messegeländes, vom Platz selbst und den angrenzenden Gebäuden jedoch etwas zurückversetzt, eine wichtige Rolle für die Neuregelung des Verkehrsflusses und die Wahrnehmung des städtischen Raumes spielen und zugleich die historische Achse wiederbeleben, die das 15. Arrondissement mit den Agglomerationsgemeinden Issy-les-Moulineaux und Vanves verbindet. Die Feinkalibrierung des Volumens begünstigt seine Integration und ist darauf ausgerichtet, die Auswirkungen des Gebäudes auf sein Umfeld in Grenzen zu halten. Die dreieckige Form hat zwei Funktionen; sie erlaubt weiterhin grosszügige Ausblicke in den Himmel und reduziert – wie eine Sonnenuhr – den Schattenwurf auf die angrenzenden Gebäude. Triangle ist als in die Vertikale gekipptes Stück Stadt gedacht. Der Besucher nimmt das Projekt zunächst von der Place de la Porte de Versailles aus wahr, dem lokalen Knotenpunkt des öffentlichen Verkehrsnetzes. Der Sockel des Gebäudes steht allen offen und erstreckt sich vom Platz aus entlang der gesamten Avenue Ernest Renan, die dank ihren Geschäften und Dienstleistungsangeboten wieder wie eine belebte Pariser Strasse wirkt. Die zum Zentrum von Paris hin ausgerichtete Nordost-Achse beherbergt zwei in geneigtem Winkel angelegte Fahrstühle, die das Atrium im Sockel mit dem Panoramarestaurant oben im Turm verbinden. Der Besuch kann anschliessend in den höchsten Stockwerken des Triangle fortgesetzt werden, bis hin zur Aussichtsplattform, die atemberaubende Ausblicke auf die ganze Stadt bietet. Triangle wird dadurch mit zu den Sehenswürdigkeiten von Paris zählen. Der Bau lässt erneut einen starken und belebten städtischen Raum entstehen, die Place de la Porte de Versailles wird zu einem Bezugspunkt, der einen Panoramablick auf die Stadt bietet und selbst als bemerkenswertes Element im System der Achsen und Monumente der Stadt erscheint, ein Bauwerk mit Signalwirkung im Zentrum des Messegeländes.

Herzog & de Meuron, 2014

Bibliography

Gerhard Mack, Herzog & de Meuron: “ Herzog & de Meuron 2005-2007. The Complete Works. Volume 6. ” Edited by: Gerhard Mack. Basel, Birkhäuser, 2018.

Luis Fernández-Galiano (Ed.): “ Arquitectura Viva Monografias. Herzog & de Meuron 2013-2017. ” Vol. No. 191-192, Madrid, Arquitectura Viva SL, 12.2016.

Luis Fernández-Galiano (Ed.): “ Arquitectura Viva Monografías. Herzog & de Meuron 2005-2013. ” Vol. No. 157/158, Madrid, Arquitectura Viva SL, 09.2012.

Fernando Márquez Cecilia; Richard Levene (Eds.): “ El Croquis. Herzog & de Meuron 2005-2010. Programme, Monument, Landscape. Programa, Monumento, Paisaje. ” Vol. No. 152/153, Madrid, El Croquis, 2010.

Herzog & de Meuron: “Project Triangle in Paris by Herzog & de Meuron.” In: Nobuyuki Yoshida (Ed.). “Architecture and Urbanism. Sustainable Architecture in Germany.” Vol. No. 459, Tokyo, A+U Publishing Co., Ltd., 12.2008. p. 7.

“Una Cuña de Cristal a las Puertas de París.” In: Luis Fernández-Galiano (Ed.). “Arquitectura Viva.” Vol. No. 120, Madrid, Arquitectura Viva, 2008. p. 7.

Herzog & de Meuron 2005-2007. The Complete Works. Volume 6

Herzog & de Meuron 2005-2007. Das Gesamtwerk. Band 6

Triangle, Paris

Presentation by Herzog & de Meuron Pavillon de l'Arsenal, Paris, France

Quel est le potentiel d’une architecture?

Lecture held by Jacques Herzog at the Pavillon de l’Arsenal to inaugurate the exhibition Triangle. Paris, France, 30 October 2014.

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Herzog & de Meuron’s Tour Triangle is moving forward, dividing Parisians

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[Editor’s note: Construction on the 42-story Triangle Tower began today , February 10, 2022, evidently surviving the community pushback described below.]

After more than a decade of financing snags, legal scuffles, and more than a soupçon   of backlash, initial work on the Herzog & de Meuron -designed Tour Triangle ( Triangle Tower ) is set to commence by the end of this year at a site near Parc des Expositions de Porte de Versailles in the 15th arrondissement of Paris . However, last-ditch efforts to block the project are underway.

While not exceedingly colossal at just shy of 600 feet, the 42-story pyramidal glass skyscraper is tall for Paris and would be the first high-rise tower to be constructed within the boundaries of Boulevard Périphérique, the ring road that encircles central Paris, since Tour Montparnasse. Also located within the 15th arrondissement in the southwest of the city, Tour Montparnasse was similarly met with widespread derision when completed in 1973 for being completely out of scale with the rest of the city and remains an object of scorn to this day. (Meanwhile, modern skyscrapers abound in La Défense, a sprawling, purpose-built business district located just outside of Paris city limits.)

In 2019, Tour Triangle’s developer, Unibail-Rodamco, scored a major victory when an administrative court upheld the lawfulness of a building permit first issued in April 2015, rejecting two appeals that had been filed against the nearly $800 million project. Now, the highly contentious vertical development, which is set to include offices, a luxury hotel, retail, and conference center, has finally secured financial backing from insurance giant AXA and can move forward. It’s worth noting that Tour Triangle, which would also include childcare and health/wellness facilities along with a cultural center, isn’t set to be completed until 2026—that’s two years after the Paris-hosted Summer Olympic games. The original project timeline had it opening well ahead of the 2024 Summer Olympics as Expo Porte de Versailles, the largest exhibition center in Paris, is serving as a venue for the games.

“We designed Triangle for Paris and Parisians,” said Jacques Herzog and Pierre de Meuron in a joint statement. “What we want to achieve most with this building is that it should be open to everyone and include the entire community.”

While Tour Triangle’s height—when completed it would rise as the third tallest building within Paris city limits behind the 690-foot-tall Tour Montparnasse and 1,063-foot-tall Eiffel Tower—has been at the center of the controversy, its trapezoidal form has also garnered unfavorable reactions. Agence France-Presse noted that while comparisons to I.M. Pei’s Louvre Pyramid are inevitable, the planned tower’s semblance to “a giant elongated wedge of Toblerone chocolate” might be more appropriate.

Speaking to The Telegraph , a British daily newspaper that by now is an old hat at covering skyscrapers that faintly resemble food,  Paris-based art historian Didier Rykner likened Tour Triangle not to chocolate, but to cheese:

“It’s like a big piece of brie in the sky that can be seen from everywhere … and that’s a problem,” he explained. “I prefer the real cheese.”

Meanwhile, the city’s left-leaning political factions have been left unusually divided on the project. While the Green Party has rallied against Tour Triangle and preemptively declared it as an “ecological aberration,” Paris Mayor Anne Hidalgo’s center-left Socialist Party (PS) has avoided taking such a hardline stance and is largely supportive, noting that it will “be an asset for the economic development and influence of the capital” and generate “more than 5,000 jobs during its construction” per The Telegraph .

On the opposing side, Christine Nedelec, the president of the campaign group SOS Paris , explained to The Telegraph that Tour Triangle has “been a scandal from the beginning” and that constructing the building would be an “an economical and ecological disaster.”

SOS Paris pointed out that building the tower would require the use of three to four times more concrete and steel than a typical new Parisian building and that its irregular shape would significantly increase its energy consumption. “It’s like a boiler that needs to be on full blast at all times,” said Nedelec.

While opponents have been quick to label Tour Triangle as an environmental nightmare, its developers have touted its green bona fides, noting in a press statement that the tower will “incorporate the highest environmental construction standards targeting HQE Exceptional and BREEAM minimum Excellent certifications while offering best in class conventional energy consumption and a carbon emissions trajectory in line with the Paris climate agreement objectives.”

As for the final efforts to slow or altogether block Tour Triangle from moving forward, the Green Party is hoping that the results of a preliminary criminal investigation into allegations of favoritism by Hidalgo’s office toward Viparis, the company that manages the expo site at the Porte de Versailles, will put an end to Tour Triangle once and for all.

In a separate move aiming to at least temporarily kneecap the development, Philippe Goujon, the conservative mayor of the 15th arrondissement, recently announced his plans to present a formal request for the project’s postponement at the next convening of the Council of Paris from November 16–19. Per local media reports , Goujon, who has long been opposed to the project, has said that “the arguments put forward in 2008 to justify the construction” of Tour Triangle by former Paris Mayor Bertrand Delanoë are now “obsolete” and that the development “no longer meets the needs of companies that the Covid-19 crisis and the development of teleworking are leading to rethink.”

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Tour Triangle | Herzog and De Meuron

Tour triangle .

After the Tour Montparnasse in 1973, Paris is set to construct its next skyscraper- Tour Triangle, designed by Herzog & De Meuron. The project has been the centre of much controversy. Designed in 2008, the tower was rejected by local authorities. It will see completion in 2018.

courtesy of © Herzog de Meuron

Tour Triangle is a 40 storey tall, 590 feet high tower, almost half of the Eiffel Tower. The tower was not accepted on grounds that certain government officials felt that it is unstable; several neighbours felt that it will overshadow their buildings. Adding to this was the fact that Tour Montparnasse was not widely accepted, and as a result in 1977 a regulation on the heights of buildings was imposed, limiting the heights of structures to 36 metres. Parisians felt that high rise structures will negatively impact the skyline of Paris and the historic ambience of the city. The restriction was lifted in 2010.

There is no denying that Tour Montparnasse seems out of context in the French Capital. However, the design of the Triangle Tower shows an entirely different picture altogether. Herzog & De Meuron have used the presence of the tower to reinstate the historic axis connecting Rue de Vaugirard and Avenue Ernest Renan and will also connect Porte de Versailles to the city.

The tower has been designed such that it will have no shadow. Even though this seems highly unlikely of such a massive structure, digital shadow studies of buildings suggest differently. The shadows of tall buildings move rapidly, rotating as the sun changes position, and not staying at one place for very long. In the case of small buildings, the shadow will only grow as the day advances and stay in one direction for long. Also, high-rise structures are stepped back inside after achieving a certain height, growing slimmer as they grow taller. The triangle tower seems to have combined the two principles. The architects claim that no part of the neighbouring area will be under the tower’s shadow for more than 40 minutes each day.

Wind and solar energy will power the building. It will be a mixed use tower with a 120 room hotel, a fine-dining restaurant, a bar and 70,000 square meters of office space. The architects have redesigned the scheme to include 2,240 square meters of co-working space, a day-care facility and other community facilities at the lower levels of the building. The tower is sleek and compact, and made of glass.

The total area is 92,200 square metre with a ground coverage of only 5259 square metre. The current density of Porte de Versailles is 0.85 and will rise to 1.10 once the tower is open. According to the architects the tower will only contribute to 3% of vehicular traffic in the area. Though 3% does not sound like much, it is still too optimistic to think that with an increase in density, there will be no change in the traffic scenario and the character of the city.

By: Sahiba Gulati

Tags: France Herzog Herzog & de Meuron herzog architect Paris Porte de Versailles Triangle 2

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HdM's Tour Triangle: Contractor selected as construction is set to formally begin

An update has come in one of the most controversial developments in recent Parisian history: The Belgian construction group Besix has been announced as the contractor for the Herzog & de Meuron-designed Tour Triangle in the 15th arrondissement’s Parc des Expositions. Global Construction Review... View full entry

Herzog & de Meuron's Tour Triangle is set to break ground in Paris despite a last-minute effort to stop it

The debate surrounding Herzog & de Meuron's Tour Triangle is picking up this week amidst news that the €670 million ($757 million) project will begin construction within the next month in spite of a torrent of backlash that has beset the development since its announcement in 2008. As the plan... View full entry

Herzog & de Meuron's contested Triangle Tower approved by court; first new skyscraper in Paris in almost 50 years

The Administrative Court of Paris has approved Paris’ first skyscraper since Montparnasse in 1973, set to be located in the city's south. [...] The ambitious building was first rejected in late-2014, and subsequently approved after some modifications by the Council of Paris mid-2015 by a narrow majority. — The Urban Developer

Herzog & de Meuron's controversial Tour Triangle project is back from a lengthy legal hiatus and will—now officially backed by court approval—start construction later this year. Image: Herzog & de MeuronFirst unveiled in 2008, the 42-story triangle-shaped skyscraper wasn't an... View full entry

Herzog & de Meuron named 2015 RIBA Jencks Award winners

Herzog & de Meuron have the widest approach to architecture varying their style for each job. In this sense they epitomise the global search for an architecture of pluralism, one flexible enough for very different cultures...The high quality of the work is as notable as the wit; the amount of production as much as its personality. -RIBA President Stephen Hodder — architecture.com

Herzog & de Meuron, whose works include the recently approved yet controversial Tour Triangle in Paris and the redevelopment of Berlin's Tacheles cultural center, received the 2015 RIBA Jencks Award for being a practice "that has recently made a major contribution internationally to... View full entry

Parisian Exports and Silicon Valley Imports on Episode #37 of Archinect Sessions

Our episode this week revolves around Paris – city of lights, riots, artists and cheese-shaped skyscrapers (or at least, those are the bits were talking about). As part of a nationwide strike against UberPop, the cheapest Uber-affiliate in France, taxi drivers in Paris launched a riotous... View full entry

Paris approves its first skyscraper of the 21st century

[Paris] has not built a modern skyscraper since the 1970s, when the 231-metre tall Tour Montparnasse sprung up – much to the horror of the locals, many of whom still consider it an eyesore. — The Independent

In a narrow vote, the city of lights approved Herzog & de Meuron's Tour Triangle, a 42-story skyscraper that will be the tallest building to be built in Paris since the 1970s. In 2010, the city voted to remove its multi-decade-long height restrictions of 36 meters on new buildings, which were... View full entry

HdM's Triangle skyscraper continues to divide Paris over its historic identity

Alexandre Gady, conservationist, historian of French architecture and professor of modern architecture at the Sorbonne, argues that changing or “renewing” Paris diverts from its real need to look outwards. Paris, he says, is a “finished” city that does not need improving or anything more doing to it. “It’s not that we should be doing this or that – we should not be doing anything in central Paris ... any plan is a diversion from the need of the city to grow outwards,” [...] — theguardian.com

Previously: Paris row after HdM's Triangle skyscraper rejected View full entry

Paris row after HdM's Triangle skyscraper rejected

Amid politically charged scenes, Paris city council has narrowly rejected a plan to build the historic city's first skyscraper since a height restriction was imposed in the 1970s. But Mayor Anne Hidalgo said [...] she would fight the Triangle tower vote. [...] The architects, Herzog and de Meuron, proposed to build the 180m (590ft) tower in the south-west Porte de Versailles area of the city, after then-Mayor Bertrand Delanoe proposed an end to the 37m limit in parts of the capital. — bbc.com

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• Tour Montparnasse

Tour Montparnasse: The Latest Architecture and News

Paris reimposes the ban on skyscrapers after tour triangle controversy.

The city of Paris has officially reinstated a rule that limits the height of new buildings in the French capital to 37 meters, or 12 storeys. Among the factors for the decision was the controversy surrounding the construction of the 180-meter-tall Tour Triangle, designed by Herzog & de Meuron , which began in 2021 after more than a decade of legal battles and backlash. The new urban planning regulation is introduced as part of Mayor Anne Hidalgo's Local Bioclimatic Urban Plan, which aims to reduce Paris' carbon emissions.

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Nouvelle AOM Wins Competition to Redesign Paris' Tour Montparnasse

The architectural consortium of Nouvelle AOM has been announced as the winner of the international competition for the renovation and redesign of Paris ’ Tour Montparnasse , beating out finalist Studio Gang and a shortlist of top firms.

Lauded by the jury for its “powerful, dynamic and bold new identity,” the winning entry will introduce an entirely new vegetated facade system that will improve both the tower’s immediate surroundings and the neighborhood as a whole.

"This was a huge challenge, as the Tower isn't like any other," the jury explained. "Nouvelle AOM's project perfectly captures the spirit of the 21st century, giving the Tower a multifaceted identity revolving around attractive, innovative new uses. The Tower will breathe new life into the Montparnasse neighbourhood." 

Studio Gang and nAOM Selected as Finalists to Redesign Paris’ Tour Montparnasse

Studio Gang and nAOM ( Franklin Azzi Architecture / Chartier Dalix / Hardel-Lebihan Architectes ) have been selected as the two finalist teams competing for the redesign of Paris ’ infamous Tour Montparnasse , beating out a star-studded shortlist that included OMA , MAD Architects (China) + DGLA (France), Architecture Studio , Dominique Perrault Architecture , and PLP Architecture .

The competition asked teams to submit a vision for the tower that “not only creates a powerful, dynamic and bold new identity for the Tour Montparnasse but also addresses all the challenges involved in terms of user accessibility, comfort and energy performance.”

The Unexpected Stories Behind 10 Skyscrapers That Were Actually Built

As long as there have been buildings mankind has sought to construct its way to the heavens. From stone pyramids to steel skyscrapers, successive generations of designers have devised ever more innovative ways to push the vertical boundaries of architecture. Whether stone or steel, however, each attempt to reach unprecedented heights has represented a vast undertaking in terms of both materials and labor – and the more complex the project, the greater the chance for things to go awry.

OMA, MAD Among 7 Architects Selected in Competition to Redesign Tour Montparnasse

The Ensemble Immobilier Tour Maine-Montparnasse (EITMM) has selected 7 notable firms to continue to the second round in a competition for the renovation of Tour Montparnasse in the Montparnasse district of Paris , France.

Often cited as one of the architecture world’s most hated buildings , Tour Montparnasse has been criticized for its discordance with the Parisian urban landscape – just two years after its completion, new buildings over seven stories high in the city centre were banned, leaving the tower as an alien presence on the skyline.

With the launching of the competition, the EITMM hopes to transform Tour Montparnasse into a beloved landmark with a complete renovation of the facade, the building entry and all interior spaces. The budget for the project is estimated to reach over 300 million Euro ($330 million USD), and will be funded in entirety by the building owners.

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20 most BEAUTIFUL buildings in Moscow (PHOTOS)

1. The Kremlin

Perhaps the most recognizable building in Russia and beyond. But did you know that Italian architects were responsible for this symbol of Russian power? Their skills were highly valued back in the days of Muscovite Russia. In the 15th century, Ivan III invited a team of architects from Italy, consisting of Aristotle Fioravanti, Aloisio da Milano, Antonio Gilardi, and Pietro Antonio Solari, to transform the capital’s fortress. It was they who designed the first   Kremlin towers , as well as the churches and palaces inside its walls.

2. The State Historical Museum

This museum of incredible beauty — dedicated to ancient Russia and the imperial era — looks as old as the nearby Kremlin. In fact, it was built only at the end of the 19th century, but its neo-Russian style blends seamlessly with the Red Square ethos. Today it houses over 5 million exhibits.

3. The Grand Kremlin Palace

Built on the territory of the Kremlin in the mid-19th century by order of Nicholas I and used for the coronation of Russian emperors and audiences with foreign monarchs, today it is the ceremonial residence of the Russian president (who works in the Senate Palace next door). Anyone can enter the Grand Kremlin Palace, but only as part of a tour group ( see here for details ).

4. The Cathedral of the Assumption

The oldest of Moscow’s fully preserved buildings and the tomb of almost all Moscow patriarchs is also located inside the Kremlin. Constructed in the 15th century, it was considered the main cathedral of the Russian state, where Byzantine relics and treasures were brought and housed. Also stored here is the decree of Emperor Paul I, son of Catherine the Great, according to which a woman was not entitled to rule the empire (Paul detested his mother). Since then, Russia has never had a female leader, royal or otherwise.

GUM (the Russian acronym for State Department Store) is not only a shopping center teeming with branded goods from classic luxury to modern Russian designers, but also a monument of architecture dating back to 1893. The main facade opens onto Red Square and matches the style of the nearby State Historical Museum.

6. St Basil’s Cathedral

The most famous Russian church appeared in its iconic location in 1555-1561 by order of Ivan the Terrible, and in fact contains   nine churches in one . The idea of ​​a multi-sectioned cathedral was intended to symbolize the Kingdom of Heaven (New Jerusalem). The architects conceived the “promised city” in the form of multiple churches on the same foundation.

7. The Cathedral of Christ the Savior

What we see today is an exact copy of the church that was built here in honor of Russia’s victory over Napoleon in 1812. But the original building did not survive the Bolsheviks. In 1931, they decided to blow it up and erect the futuristic Palace of the Soviets in its place. Either God exacted revenge or the foundations were too soft, but the half-completed construction had to be abandoned. Instead, the site was used for the largest swimming pool the country had ever seen. After the collapse of the USSR, the swimming pool’s days were numbered, and it soon made way for the cathedral mark 2.

8. Building of the Rossiya insurance company

These commercial premises, built at the very beginning of the 20th century, quickly caught the eye of the creative intelligentsia. In Soviet times, they housed various literary, musical and film organizations, as well as art workshops. The studios were a focal point of the Moscow underground, whose illustrious denizens included Ilya Kabakov, one of the most highly-valued contemporary artists of Soviet origin.

9. Igumnov House

The house of the Igumnovs, a family of Yaroslavl merchants, had an eventful time after the 1917 revolution. It was named after Nikolai Igumnov, who himself gave the building to the Soviet government, after which it served as the Soviet Institute of Blood Transfusion, the Institute of the Brain and, lastly, the residence of the French ambassador to Russia.

10. Bykovo Estate

This manor house, located in suburban Moscow, resembles a Disney castle. Today, it is in fact an   Orthodox church , having once belonged to various eminent families close to the imperial court. One of the owners was Mikhail Izmailov, a conspirator in the coup that brought Catherine II to the throne.

11. The Federation Tower

The tallest skyscraper in the Moscow-City business district, and the second highest in Europe. It stands 374 meters and 96 floors high. The architectural project is the brainchild of Sergey Choban and Peter Schweger. Besides offices, it contains numerous shops, restaurants, and premium apartments.

12. Tsaritsyno Palace

This magnificent palace atop a hill in southern Moscow has been given a new lease of life. Conceived as the Moscow residence of Catherine II, it was never used. Abandoned and in a terrible state until the late 20th century, the palace underwent major restoration work in the 2000s.

13. The Bolshoi Theater

The Bolshoi is one of the most famous opera and ballet theaters in the world. Its iconic facade is defined by the majestic colonnade crowned with Apollo’s chariot. However, what we see today is in fact the fourth   Bolshoi building , constructed in 1835, the three previous ones having burned down.

14. Melnikov House

This masterpiece of 1920s Soviet constructivism was conceived as an architectural experiment: architect Konstantin Melnikov wanted to populate the entire city with round houses, believing that the cylindrical shape would save money on materials. However, his architectural solution was rejected by contemporaries, and the house remained one of a kind.

15. Main building of Moscow State University

In 1947, Moscow celebrated its 800th birthday, in honor of which the government decided to erect   eight high-rise buildings   intended to project the might of the post-war Soviet superpower (partly inspired by US skyscrapers). In the end, only seven materialized (the so-called Stalin’s sisters). One of the most famous is the building of Moscow State University.

16. The Dominion Tower

This office center, designed by world-famous architecture star Zaha Hadid, looks like a stack of books or a cake with skewed layers. Zaha Hadid Architects describes the idea as “​​spatial flight.” Despite its arresting appearance, the project is still less flamboyant than most of her creations elsewhere, having been slightly adapted to the harsh Russian realities.

17. Skolkovo campus

This building in western Moscow resembles a monument to suprematism and the works of Malevich. In fact, it is a business school, built in 2006 and designed by British architect David Adjaye, who also created the National Museum of African-American History and Culture in Washington and the Museum of Modern Art in Denver.

18. Pashkov House

Legend has it that architect Vasily Bazhenov, offended at Catherine II for not allowing him to remodel the Kremlin, designed this magnificent mansion directly opposite to underscore her error of judgment. However, there is no real evidence of this, or in fact that Pashkov House was the brainchild of Bazhenov. And that’s not the building’s only secret. It’s rumored that deep under the hill upon which it stands the lost   library of Ivan the Terrible   full of priceless ancient manuscripts lies hidden.

19. Petrovsky Palace

This palace was built in honor of victory in the Russo-Turkish War (1768-1774) on the orders of Catherine II, and used as a residence for nobles journeying from St Petersburg to Moscow. It even housed Napoleon and his guard for a night during their retreat from Moscow in 1812. Today, the palace contains a boutique hotel, allowing anyone to stay there.

20. Garage Museum of Contemporary Art

A superb example of the elegant minimalism of Dutch architect Rem Koolhaas. The basis of the project was an empty 1968 Soviet modernist building in Gorky Park, which had long accommodated the Vremena Goda (Seasons of the Year) restaurant. After its closure, the building stood abandoned for 20 years, and was only rejuvenated a decade ago. The museum interior decor preserves a unique mosaic and other architectural elements of Soviet times.

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• Entertainment

From Glambots to Tennis-Core, See Zendaya’s Best Red-Carpet Looks This Year

T here's no denying that 2024 has already been booked and busy for Zendaya . Since the year started, the Euphoria star has dominated the box office with her blockbuster sequel Dune: Part Two , nabbed not one, but two Vogue covers (the American and British editions), and been tapped to co-chair the annual (and very exclusive) Met Gala . This week, her latest and much anticipated film, Challengers , releases in theaters, putting Zendaya squarely in the spotlight as Tashi Duncan, a powerful tennis competitor at the center of a steamy love triangle.

Zendaya's many projects have translated into a plethora of red-carpet appearances and press calls, which, in turn, have resulted in a wealth of high-fashion serves from the actor and her longtime collaborator and "image architect," Law Roach . While Zendaya, a veritable style superstar, could always be counted on for a bold, experimental, and show-stopping sartorial moment, her current looks have elevated to an art the practice of dressing up for the press tour .

In Zendaya and Roach's capable hands, the themes of her movies cleverly translate into clothing, whether that's a futuristic silver glambot suit sourced from the Mugler archives for the London premiere of Dune: Part Two or a subversively preppy Thom Browne gown that riffs on tennis whites for the London premiere of Challengers. Her fashion choices feel less like promotion than they do an extension of her work as an artist, with clothes as her medium, which might explain why this year, watching her press tour has been almost as much fun as heading to theaters to watch her movies.

With that in mind, we've rounded up all of Zendaya's best looks from the red carpet so far in 2024.

For the Mexico City premiere of Dune: Part Two , Zendaya wore a dramatic Torishéju gown.

Zendaya went for gold in a custom two-piece set from Louis Vuitton for the Paris premiere of Dune: Part Two .

Zendaya stunned at the London premiere of Dune: Part Two when she showed up in a vintage Mugler ensemble fit for a glambot.

For the Seoul premiere of Dune: Part Two , Zendaya wore a vintage Givenchy suit designed by Alexander McQueen during his time as their creative director. The gray ensemble had glow-in-the dark embellishments.

Zendaya wore a futuristic white Stéphane Rolland gown with dramatic cutouts and gold embellishment on the hem to the New York City premiere of Dune: Part Two .

For the 2024 ESSENCE Black Women in Hollwood Awards, Zendaya wore an embroidered corset top, jeans, and a stacked choker necklace, all from Jean Paul Gaultier.

For the 2024 Oscars, Zendaya wore a pink and gunmetal embellished Armani Privé gown.

Zendaya sparkled in a custom Loewe gown that paid homage to Challengers ; Loewe's creative director, Jonathan Anderson, was the costume designer on the film.

For a press call in Paris, Zendaya took a mod approach, selecting a vintage checkered Marc Jacobs coat dress and accessorizing with white pumps and a headband.

For the Paris Challengers premiere, Zendaya donned a diaphanous custom white Louis Vuitton gown with a matching belt.

Zendaya made a cheeky showing at a London press call when she arrived in an archival Vivienne Westwood striped vest and matching mini skirt with a feather bustle.

For a press call in Rome, Zendaya wore a sparkling tennis-inspired mini dress and a pair of tennis ball-embellished pumps, both of which were custom Loewe.

Zendaya made the case for quiet luxury with her elegant Brunello Cucinelli sweater and matching maxi skirt a press call in Monte Carlo.

For an appearance on Jimmy Kimmel Live! in Los Angeles, Zendaya styled a vintage gray Ralph Lauren double breasted blazer as a mini dress and completed the look with a pair of white pumps.

Zendaya put a subversive twist on the concept of tennis whites with a custom Thom Browne gown with mesh inserts and tennis racquet embroidery. She accessorized the look with a pair of white pumps and an oversized hairbow.

For a press call in Milan, Zendaya wore a minimalist vintage Ralph Lauren white mini dress that was previously modeled by Cindy Crawford in 1992.

Zendaya departed from her tennis-inspired looks on the Challengers press tour for the Los Angeles premiere, where she wore a romantic lace-embellished black and pink Vera Wang gown.

She quickly switched gears again to serve a truly tennis-inspired look for Challengers ' Los Angeles premiere after-party in a dramatic lime green Celia Kritharioti halter dress with a plunging neckline and tennis ball embellishment.

For a press call in Los Angeles, Zendaya wore a ladylike yet daring (and midriff-baring) baby pink dress from Jacquemus, accessorizing it with a pair of matching sling back pumps and a pink bow headband.

Zendaya continued her streak of tennis-ball green outfits with a vintage Mugler skirt suit and matching pumps for a visit to Good Morning America .

For her actual appearance on Good Morning America , Zendaya channeled Old Hollywood with a bespoke floral gown with a full tulle skirt by Erdem, pairing it with a pair of white pumps.

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styles group chat

‘Challengers’: Normcore Clothes on Sweaty Bodies

Zendaya breaks hearts in a stylish tennis love triangle.

By The Styles Desk

This week “Challengers,” Luca Guadagnino’s film about love, lust and tennis, finally hit theaters after being delayed by the actor’s strike last fall. Starring Zendaya, Josh O’Connor and Mike Faist as racket prodigies reunited by fate and tournaments, with costumes by Jonathan Anderson (designer of Loewe, his own JW Anderson line and many Uniqlo collabs), it is a romp through competitions and clothes. The Styles crew couldn’t help but have feelings.

Vanessa Friedman Aesthetics — clothes, colors, design — have always been important in Luca Guadagnino’s movies, but “Challengers” is the first time he has collaborated with a single fashion designer: Jonathan Anderson. What did you guys think?

Jessica Testa Well, it’s not often you see a major fashion designer step into a film costume designer role.

Guy Trebay JWA is to Luca what Givenchy was to Blake Edwards .

VF I loved the whole pop-art aesthetic of the movie, but I can’t say any of the clothes screamed “JWA” to me. If I hadn’t known he was the designer, I doubt I would have thought of him.

GT Never in a million years.

JT As a designer, he has a really interesting grasp on “normcore,” though usually he’s subverting or perverting it. That doesn’t happen here.

VF You don’t get more normcore than Tashi’s pink terry-cloth warm-up jacket. I would have thought fashion designers would be attracted to film work because it allowed them to express themselves creatively in new ways. But given that Jonathan works across so many brands, it’s hard to know what “Challengers” offered him. Other than a chance to dress three very attractive stars, at least two of whom (Mike Faist and Josh O’Connor) are now Loewe faces. And to hang out with Luca, of course. Is it a branding move — a sort of “these are my creative peeps” kind of thing?

JT I do think “Challengers” will be a cultural hit — if not a box office one — given the amount of chatter (and sexy screenshots) it has generated since its announcement. Not to mention Zendaya’s endless cosplay press tour. So to be affiliated with the spectacle of this film seems like a PR win for anyone.

VF I also expect that part of the, ahem, challenge, in designing the various wardrobes is that given the threesome subtext of the film, you want to see these attractive stars shed their clothes, not put on new ones.

GT And that’s part of an overall sensuality reset, inflected by our experience of Covid and the general social unease with touch.

VF Will we all be wearing dolphin shorts this summer? It’s been a real contrast with what the stars have been wearing on the promotional circuit, which in Zendaya’s case involves a lot more tennis-adjacent storytelling, which I have greatly appreciated. She and Law Roach, her “image architect,” have interpreted “tennis fashion” as broadly as I ever imagined possible.

JT So you’re a fan? It’s been a little divisive, with some people saying the references are a little too on the nose. See the inclusion of actual tennis balls .

VF I liked the Thom Browne a lot, as well as the nods to Althea Gibson , and the Carolina Herrera worn by Venus and Serena Williams in Vogue. I could have skipped the tennis ball green gown . But honestly, I’d rather enjoy the trying than simply see another brand ad in the form of a red-carpet appearance.

JT It’s also interesting that Law has been calling on people to wear tenniscore to their “Challengers” screenings. Talk about someone going beyond the expected parameters of their job. Jonathan Anderson has nothing on this celebrity-stylist turned stylist-celebrity. “Barbie” screenings were full of people wearing pink. I don’t know if people will be as eager to wear tennis skirts and polos.

VF You aren’t going to participate in # TashiMadeMeWearIt ?

JT Maybe as the adult Tashi. Creamy cashmere sweater, a good bob and a big scowl on my face.

GT If Law Roach brings back dolphin shorts and Izod polos, he’s good in my book. The style world could use a little more of a Bjorn Borg vibe.

Inside the World of Sports

Dive deeper into the people, issues and trends shaping professional, collegiate and amateur athletics..

Women’s Pro Hockey League: The fledgling league is booming — except in New York, where the team is in last place . But the players haven’t given up.

Aaron Rodgers’s Achilles’ Heel: The N.F.L. great was supposed to be the Jets’ savior. But since arriving in New York, he has spent more time voicing conspiracy theories  than playing quarterback.

A Key to Knicks’ Season: Jalen Brunson, Josh Hart and Donte DiVincenzo have been buddies since college , a situation that those who study the workplace say can foster success.

The Future of College Sports: A   National Labor Relations Board testimony, now in the hands of a judge, could have wide-ranging consequences  — positive and negative — for athletes and their institutions.

Voice of Problem Gambling: Craig Carton, the bombastic sports broadcaster, shows a different side on a weekly show  that focuses on the stories of gambling  addicts like himself.

American Pizazz Meets Sumo: At Madison Square Garden, New Yorkers got a rare look at an ancient Japanese sport , cheering and booing as though they were watching a Yankees game.

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Moscow Holiday Packages : rated 4.3 /5 (based on 4 reviews) | Packages starting from ₹30,250/-

Moscow Holiday Packages

What makes Moscow worth a visit are it's colorful and remarkable structures and the warmth of the inviting capital city. Have a tour of the city which is generally known as the ‘Fire Square’.

Best time to visit

In summers, Moscow generally offers a warm climate along with a little downpour. It is a great time to roam around the city in light, cotton clothes and witness many exciting tourist attractions around you. A tour to the Red Square, St. Basil Cathedral, and Kolomenskoye museum on a nice sunny day would be perfect in Moscow city.

The New Year’s Eve in Moscow’s winter is a great deal and is worth witnessing in a visit to the Russian capital. Many games, contests, and Russian cultural traditions take place in Red Square area every year while it is covered in snow. Make sure to pack loads of warm clothes to beat the freezing temperature while you give a tour to Moscow during winters.

Best Way to reach

The one and only way to reach Moscow from India is by air. There are 5 airports in Moscow city out of which 3 are connected to international airports of cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Lucknow, and Bengaluru through flights.

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Idyllic Russia Tour Package From India

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Faqs for moscow, how much should i budget for a holiday in russia.

The budget for a Russia tour may vary accordingly, depending on the number of days you wish to spend during your visit. An ideal leisure tour to Russia for 6-7 days will cost you between INR 30,000 to INR 35,000, whereas, an extensive tour to Russia that covers impeccable places that aren’t famous among tourists, which requires at least a 20-25 days of tour will cost you between INR 270,000 to INR 280,000.

How many days are sufficient in Russia?

An ideal Russian would require somewhere between 7-10 days in which you can explore all the major tourist attractions hassle-free. Russia with its vast timeline is one of the largest countries in the world that comprises several major cities and it is not recommended to travel to Russia if you are visiting for less than 7 days.

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• Places To Visit In Moscow

Let the experts guide you to the best of this mesmerizing destination

Kremlin In Moscow

Kremlin is the word used to denote the many Russian citadels spread all over the country. Among these, the Kremlin in Moscow is the most famous one of all, and rightfully so. The Moscow Kremlin or simply Kremlin, in short, is located in the heart of the city, on Red Square area. It overlooks the Moskva River to the south, t...

• Ideal for friends
• Ideal for families

Lenin Mausoleum In Moscow

Lenin Mausoleum is the tomb of Soviet leader Vladimir Lenin, right in the heart of the country’s capital city of Moscow. It is a location befitting the greatest of the Russian leaders and a communist revolutionary. Inside the mausoleum, Lenin’s embalmed remains lie peacefully inside a specially curated sarcophagus, where vi...

• Religious Tour
• Ideal For Family

Luzhniki Stadium In Moscow

Luzhniki Stadium is not only the largest stadium in Russia but also one of the largest in all of Europe. The country’s national stadium which is located in Moscow is one giant arena for sports and entertainment, with a seating capacity of 81,000. The name ‘Luzhniki’ comes from the Russian word, roughly meaning ‘The Meadows....

Red Square In Moscow

The Red Square of Moscow is the lifeline of the city, and the whole country. This is the very center and heart of Moscow, from where all of the city’s important streets spread out like a spider’s web into various ring roads and highways. Red Square separates the former royal citadel and current resident of the Russian presi...

St. Basil’s Cathedral In Moscow

St. Basil’s Cathedral in Moscow is one of the most iconic artistic structures in Moscow which is also called Pokrovsky Cathedral. It is often said by the locals that the architect of the cathedral was blinded by Ivan to keep its design unique and to avoid replication of the structure. It is also said that earlier the cathed...

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Your list of the best things to do, compiled on the basis of actual traveler experiences

Kazan Cathedral In Moscow

Kazan Cathedral is one of the largest cathedrals dedicated to Our Lady Of Kazan, in Moscow, Russia. The first mentions of the cathedral dedicated to the Virgin of Kazan are found in the historical record of 1635 as having been constructed by Prince Dmitry Pozharsky. It was torn down and rebuilt many times during the followi...

Ostankino Tower In Moscow

A radio and television tower located in the Ostankino district of Moscow, Russia, the Ostankino Tower is one of the iconic attractions in the city. Built around 163-1967, this amazing structure is made up of cement, and has an observation deck which makes it even a more interesting place to visit. As one visit this approxim...

Places to visit in Moscow tour packages

• Novospassky Monastery The Novospassky Monastery, being built in the 14th century, is the first monastery established in the heart of Moscow. The monastery showcases remarkable architecture and a small museum and church dedicated to this ancient tales of the Novospassky monastery. In our Moscow packages, do make sure to add this place in your itinerary.
• Grand Kremlin Palace Splendidly reflecting the Russian royalty and culture, the Grand Kremlin Palace of Moscow has a palace-like structure with interconnected rooms and beautiful architecture. As you walk through the embellished and decorated halls of this Palace, find youself feel the elegant aura and witness the awestriking interiors.
• Red Square tour Minin-Pozharsky Monument, State Historical Museum, GUM Shopping Center, Ostankino Tower, Cathedral Of The Archangel, and Sparrow hills are some places which you must visit in Moscow’s Red Square. The Red Square is a city square in Moscow, which has some royal sights that will offer you a lot to capture in your camera.
• Bolshoi Theatre A historic theatre in Moscow, the Bolshoi Theatre is designed by architect Joseph Bové. The designs, patterns and intricate details of this theatre are worth capturing, along with the heart welcoming ballet and opera performances. The shows held here are utterly entertaining and hence, attract a huge number of audience.

Things to do in Moscow

• Golden Ring Russian Folk Show: The Golden Ring Russian Folk show of Moscow is a live stage performance glistening with music, dance, and lights. The performances showcased here are not only entertaining but also educating for the large number of Audience. Make sure to customize your Moscow holiday packages, and witness this high-spirited show taking place right in front of your eyes.
• Moscow Sightseeing River Tour: The one hour Moscow Sightseeing River Tour amazes one with colorful sights of remarkable monuments, dream-like vibrant palces, green natural sights and beautiful viewpoints from the Moscow river. Available at a reasonable price, the river tour is a must-try if you visit the city of Moscow on our Moscow packages.
• Victory Park and Museum Tour: The Victory Park and Museum tour attracts a lot of tourists who visit in the capital city of Moscow. The museum is too large and would make you see numerous attractions inside. The informative guide will narrate many fascinating tales, educating you about the history of the park and museum.

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