cdc travel sudan

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Sudan Travel Restrictions

Traveler's COVID-19 vaccination status

Traveling from the United States to Sudan

Open for vaccinated visitors

COVID-19 testing

Not required

Not required for vaccinated visitors

Restaurants

Not required in public spaces.

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Can I travel to Sudan from the United States?

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Sudan.

Can I travel to Sudan if I am vaccinated?

Fully vaccinated visitors from the United States can enter Sudan without restrictions.

Can I travel to Sudan without being vaccinated?

Unvaccinated visitors from the United States can enter Sudan without restrictions.

Do I need a COVID test to enter Sudan?

Visitors from the United States are not required to present a negative COVID-19 PCR test or antigen result upon entering Sudan.

Can I travel to Sudan without quarantine?

Travelers from the United States are not required to quarantine.

Do I need to wear a mask in Sudan?

Mask usage in Sudan is not required in public spaces.

Are the restaurants and bars open in Sudan?

Restaurants in Sudan are open. Bars in Sudan are .

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Republic of South Sudan Traveler View

Travel health notices, vaccines and medicines, non-vaccine-preventable diseases, stay healthy and safe.

• Packing List

After Your Trip

Be aware of current health issues in South Sudan. Learn how to protect yourself.

Level 1 Practice Usual Precautions

• Updated   Global Measles April 26, 2024 Many international destinations are reporting increased numbers of cases of measles. Destination List: Afghanistan, Angola, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast), Democratic Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Liberia, Libya, Malaysia, Mauritania, Nepal, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines, Qatar, Republic of South Sudan, Republic of the Congo, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Syria, Tajikistan, Timor-Leste (East Timor), Togo, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Yemen, Zambia

⇧ Top

Check the vaccines and medicines list and visit your doctor at least a month before your trip to get vaccines or medicines you may need. If you or your doctor need help finding a location that provides certain vaccines or medicines, visit the Find a Clinic page.

Routine vaccines

Recommendations.

Make sure you are up-to-date on all routine vaccines before every trip. Some of these vaccines include

• Chickenpox (Varicella)
• Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis
• Flu (influenza)
• Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR)

Immunization schedules

All eligible travelers should be up to date with their COVID-19 vaccines. Please see  Your COVID-19 Vaccination  for more information. 

COVID-19 vaccine

Areas of active cholera transmission are  localized  to Upper Nile State (last case reported 9–12 months ago) in South Sudan. Cholera is rare in travelers.  Certain factors  may increase the risk of getting cholera or having severe disease ( more information ). Avoiding unsafe food and water and washing your hands can also help prevent cholera.

Vaccination may be considered for children and adults who are traveling to areas of active cholera transmission.

Cholera - CDC Yellow Book

Hepatitis A

Recommended for unvaccinated travelers one year old or older going to South Sudan.

Infants 6 to 11 months old should also be vaccinated against Hepatitis A. The dose does not count toward the routine 2-dose series.

Travelers allergic to a vaccine component or who are younger than 6 months should receive a single dose of immune globulin, which provides effective protection for up to 2 months depending on dosage given.

Unvaccinated travelers who are over 40 years old, immunocompromised, or have chronic medical conditions planning to depart to a risk area in less than 2 weeks should get the initial dose of vaccine and at the same appointment receive immune globulin.

Hepatitis A - CDC Yellow Book

Dosing info - Hep A

Hepatitis B

Recommended for unvaccinated travelers of all ages traveling to South Sudan.

Hepatitis B - CDC Yellow Book

Dosing info - Hep B

CDC recommends that travelers going to South Sudan take prescription medicine to prevent malaria. Depending on the medicine you take, you will need to start taking this medicine multiple days before your trip, as well as during and after your trip. Talk to your doctor about which malaria medication you should take.

Find  country-specific information  about malaria.

Malaria - CDC Yellow Book

Considerations when choosing a drug for malaria prophylaxis (CDC Yellow Book)

Malaria information for South Sudan.

Cases of measles are on the rise worldwide. Travelers are at risk of measles if they have not been fully vaccinated at least two weeks prior to departure, or have not had measles in the past, and travel internationally to areas where measles is spreading.

All international travelers should be fully vaccinated against measles with the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, including an early dose for infants 6–11 months, according to  CDC’s measles vaccination recommendations for international travel .

Measles (Rubeola) - CDC Yellow Book

Meningitis (Meningococcal disease)

Recommended for travelers 2 months old or older traveling to  areas of South Sudan  that are part of the meningitis belt during the dry season.

Meningococcal disease - CDC Yellow Book

Meningitis Belt Map

Rabid dogs are commonly found in South Sudan. If you are bitten or scratched by a dog or other mammal while in South Sudan, there may be limited or no rabies treatment available. 

Consider rabies vaccination before your trip if your activities mean you will be around dogs or wildlife.

Travelers more likely to encounter rabid animals include

• Campers, adventure travelers, or cave explorers (spelunkers)
• Veterinarians, animal handlers, field biologists, or laboratory workers handling animal specimens
• Visitors to rural areas

Since children are more likely to be bitten or scratched by a dog or other animals, consider rabies vaccination for children traveling to South Sudan. 

Rabies - CDC Yellow Book

Recommended for most travelers, especially those staying with friends or relatives or visiting smaller cities or rural areas.

Typhoid - CDC Yellow Book

Dosing info - Typhoid

Yellow Fever

Required for all arriving travelers ≥9 months old.

Recommended for all travelers ≥9 months old.

Yellow Fever - CDC Yellow Book

• Avoid contaminated water

Leptospirosis

How most people get sick (most common modes of transmission)

• Touching urine or other body fluids from an animal infected with leptospirosis
• Swimming or wading in urine-contaminated fresh water, or contact with urine-contaminated mud
• Drinking water or eating food contaminated with animal urine
• Avoid contaminated water and soil

Clinical Guidance

Schistosomiasis

• Wading, swimming, bathing, or washing in contaminated freshwater streams, rivers, ponds, lakes, or untreated pools.

Avoid bug bites

African sleeping sickness (african trypanosomiasis).

• Tsetse fly bite 
• Avoid Bug Bites

African Trypanosomiasis

African Tick-Bite Fever

African Tick-bite fever

Chikungunya

• Mosquito bite

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever

• Tick bite 
• Touching the body fluids of a person or animal infected with CCHF
• Mosquito bite

Leishmaniasis

• Sand fly bite
• Avoid animals
• Touching infected animals (including bats and primates) or their body fluids
• Touching body fluids (blood or sweat) from an infected person
• Touching objects contaminated with the body fluids of a person infected with Ebola or Marburg virus
• Avoid sick people
• Avoid animals and areas where they live

Ebola virus

• Scratched or bitten by an infected animal such as a rodent or primate
• Touching an infected animal or touching animal products, including skins and meat
• Being near an infected person who is coughing or sneezing
• Touching the body fluids or rash of a person with monkeypox
• Avoid animals and animal products
• Avoid people who are sick

Rift Valley Fever

• Touching blood, body fluids, or tissue of infected livestock

Rift Valley fever

Airborne & droplet

• Breathing in air or accidentally eating food contaminated with the urine, droppings, or saliva of infected rodents
• Bite from an infected rodent
• Less commonly, being around someone sick with hantavirus (only occurs with Andes virus)
• Avoid rodents and areas where they live

Tuberculosis (TB)

• Breathe in TB bacteria that is in the air from an infected and contagious person coughing, speaking, or singing.

Learn actions you can take to stay healthy and safe on your trip. Vaccines cannot protect you from many diseases in South Sudan, so your behaviors are important.

Eat and drink safely

Food and water standards around the world vary based on the destination. Standards may also differ within a country and risk may change depending on activity type (e.g., hiking versus business trip). You can learn more about safe food and drink choices when traveling by accessing the resources below.

• Choose Safe Food and Drinks When Traveling
• Water Treatment Options When Hiking, Camping or Traveling
• Global Water, Sanitation and Hygiene | Healthy Water
• Avoid Contaminated Water During Travel

You can also visit the Department of State Country Information Pages for additional information about food and water safety.

Prevent bug bites

Bugs (like mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas) can spread a number of diseases in South Sudan. Many of these diseases cannot be prevented with a vaccine or medicine. You can reduce your risk by taking steps to prevent bug bites.

What can I do to prevent bug bites?

• Cover exposed skin by wearing long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and hats.
• Use an appropriate insect repellent (see below).
• Use permethrin-treated clothing and gear (such as boots, pants, socks, and tents). Do not use permethrin directly on skin.
• Stay and sleep in air-conditioned or screened rooms.
• Use a bed net if the area where you are sleeping is exposed to the outdoors.

What type of insect repellent should I use?

• FOR PROTECTION AGAINST TICKS AND MOSQUITOES: Use a repellent that contains 20% or more DEET for protection that lasts up to several hours.
• Picaridin (also known as KBR 3023, Bayrepel, and icaridin)
• Oil of lemon eucalyptus (OLE) or para-menthane-diol (PMD)
• 2-undecanone
• Always use insect repellent as directed.

What should I do if I am bitten by bugs?

• Avoid scratching bug bites, and apply hydrocortisone cream or calamine lotion to reduce the itching.
• Check your entire body for ticks after outdoor activity. Be sure to remove ticks properly.

What can I do to avoid bed bugs?

Although bed bugs do not carry disease, they are an annoyance. See our information page about avoiding bug bites for some easy tips to avoid them. For more information on bed bugs, see Bed Bugs .

For more detailed information on avoiding bug bites, see Avoid Bug Bites .

Stay safe outdoors

If your travel plans in South Sudan include outdoor activities, take these steps to stay safe and healthy during your trip.

• Stay alert to changing weather conditions and adjust your plans if conditions become unsafe.
• Prepare for activities by wearing the right clothes and packing protective items, such as bug spray, sunscreen, and a basic first aid kit.
• Consider learning basic first aid and CPR before travel. Bring a travel health kit with items appropriate for your activities.
• If you are outside for many hours in heat, eat salty snacks and drink water to stay hydrated and replace salt lost through sweating.
• Protect yourself from UV radiation : use sunscreen with an SPF of at least 15, wear protective clothing, and seek shade during the hottest time of day (10 a.m.–4 p.m.).
• Be especially careful during summer months and at high elevation. Because sunlight reflects off snow, sand, and water, sun exposure may be increased during activities like skiing, swimming, and sailing.
• Very cold temperatures can be dangerous. Dress in layers and cover heads, hands, and feet properly if you are visiting a cold location.

Stay safe around water

• Swim only in designated swimming areas. Obey lifeguards and warning flags on beaches.
• Practice safe boating—follow all boating safety laws, do not drink alcohol if driving a boat, and always wear a life jacket.
• Do not dive into shallow water.
• Do not swim in freshwater in developing areas or where sanitation is poor.
• Avoid swallowing water when swimming. Untreated water can carry germs that make you sick.
• To prevent infections, wear shoes on beaches where there may be animal waste.

Schistosomiasis, a parasitic infection that can be spread in fresh water, is found in South Sudan. Avoid swimming in fresh, unchlorinated water, such as lakes, ponds, or rivers.

Keep away from animals

Most animals avoid people, but they may attack if they feel threatened, are protecting their young or territory, or if they are injured or ill. Animal bites and scratches can lead to serious diseases such as rabies.

Follow these tips to protect yourself:

• Do not touch or feed any animals you do not know.
• Do not allow animals to lick open wounds, and do not get animal saliva in your eyes or mouth.
• Avoid rodents and their urine and feces.
• Traveling pets should be supervised closely and not allowed to come in contact with local animals.
• If you wake in a room with a bat, seek medical care immediately. Bat bites may be hard to see.

All animals can pose a threat, but be extra careful around dogs, bats, monkeys, sea animals such as jellyfish, and snakes. If you are bitten or scratched by an animal, immediately:

• Wash the wound with soap and clean water.
• Go to a doctor right away.
• Tell your doctor about your injury when you get back to the United States.

Consider buying medical evacuation insurance. Rabies is a deadly disease that must be treated quickly, and treatment may not be available in some countries.

Reduce your exposure to germs

Follow these tips to avoid getting sick or spreading illness to others while traveling:

• Wash your hands often, especially before eating.
• If soap and water aren’t available, clean hands with hand sanitizer (containing at least 60% alcohol).
• Don’t touch your eyes, nose, or mouth. If you need to touch your face, make sure your hands are clean.
• Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your sleeve (not your hands) when coughing or sneezing.
• Try to avoid contact with people who are sick.
• If you are sick, stay home or in your hotel room, unless you need medical care.

Avoid sharing body fluids

Diseases can be spread through body fluids, such as saliva, blood, vomit, and semen.

Protect yourself:

• Use latex condoms correctly.
• Do not inject drugs.
• Limit alcohol consumption. People take more risks when intoxicated.
• Do not share needles or any devices that can break the skin. That includes needles for tattoos, piercings, and acupuncture.
• If you receive medical or dental care, make sure the equipment is disinfected or sanitized.

Know how to get medical care while traveling

Plan for how you will get health care during your trip, should the need arise:

• Carry a list of local doctors and hospitals at your destination.
• Review your health insurance plan to determine what medical services it would cover during your trip. Consider purchasing travel health and medical evacuation insurance.
• Carry a card that identifies, in the local language, your blood type, chronic conditions or serious allergies, and the generic names of any medications you take.
• Some prescription drugs may be illegal in other countries. Call South Sudan’s embassy to verify that all of your prescription(s) are legal to bring with you.
• Bring all the medicines (including over-the-counter medicines) you think you might need during your trip, including extra in case of travel delays. Ask your doctor to help you get prescriptions filled early if you need to.

Many foreign hospitals and clinics are accredited by the Joint Commission International. A list of accredited facilities is available at their website ( www.jointcommissioninternational.org ).

In some countries, medicine (prescription and over-the-counter) may be substandard or counterfeit. Bring the medicines you will need from the United States to avoid having to buy them at your destination.

Malaria is a risk in South Sudan. Fill your malaria prescription before you leave and take enough with you for the entire length of your trip. Follow your doctor’s instructions for taking the pills; some need to be started before you leave.

Select safe transportation

Motor vehicle crashes are the #1 killer of healthy US citizens in foreign countries.

In many places cars, buses, large trucks, rickshaws, bikes, people on foot, and even animals share the same lanes of traffic, increasing the risk for crashes.

Be smart when you are traveling on foot.

• Use sidewalks and marked crosswalks.
• Pay attention to the traffic around you, especially in crowded areas.
• Remember, people on foot do not always have the right of way in other countries.

Riding/Driving

Choose a safe vehicle.

• Choose official taxis or public transportation, such as trains and buses.
• Ride only in cars that have seatbelts.
• Avoid overcrowded, overloaded, top-heavy buses and minivans.
• Avoid riding on motorcycles or motorbikes, especially motorbike taxis. (Many crashes are caused by inexperienced motorbike drivers.)
• Choose newer vehicles—they may have more safety features, such as airbags, and be more reliable.
• Choose larger vehicles, which may provide more protection in crashes.

Think about the driver.

• Do not drive after drinking alcohol or ride with someone who has been drinking.
• Consider hiring a licensed, trained driver familiar with the area.
• Arrange payment before departing.

Follow basic safety tips.

• Wear a seatbelt at all times.
• Sit in the back seat of cars and taxis.
• When on motorbikes or bicycles, always wear a helmet. (Bring a helmet from home, if needed.)
• Avoid driving at night; street lighting in certain parts of South Sudan may be poor.
• Do not use a cell phone or text while driving (illegal in many countries).
• Travel during daylight hours only, especially in rural areas.
• If you choose to drive a vehicle in South Sudan, learn the local traffic laws and have the proper paperwork.
• Get any driving permits and insurance you may need. Get an International Driving Permit (IDP). Carry the IDP and a US-issued driver's license at all times.
• Check with your auto insurance policy's international coverage, and get more coverage if needed. Make sure you have liability insurance.
• Avoid using local, unscheduled aircraft.
• If possible, fly on larger planes (more than 30 seats); larger airplanes are more likely to have regular safety inspections.
• Try to schedule flights during daylight hours and in good weather.

Medical Evacuation Insurance

If you are seriously injured, emergency care may not be available or may not meet US standards. Trauma care centers are uncommon outside urban areas. Having medical evacuation insurance can be helpful for these reasons.

Helpful Resources

Road Safety Overseas (Information from the US Department of State): Includes tips on driving in other countries, International Driving Permits, auto insurance, and other resources.

The Association for International Road Travel has country-specific Road Travel Reports available for most countries for a minimal fee.

Maintain personal security

Use the same common sense traveling overseas that you would at home, and always stay alert and aware of your surroundings.

Before you leave

• Research your destination(s), including local laws, customs, and culture.
• Monitor travel advisories and alerts and read travel tips from the US Department of State.
• Enroll in the Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP) .
• Leave a copy of your itinerary, contact information, credit cards, and passport with someone at home.
• Pack as light as possible, and leave at home any item you could not replace.

While at your destination(s)

• Carry contact information for the nearest US embassy or consulate .
• Carry a photocopy of your passport and entry stamp; leave the actual passport securely in your hotel.
• Follow all local laws and social customs.
• Do not wear expensive clothing or jewelry.
• Always keep hotel doors locked, and store valuables in secure areas.
• If possible, choose hotel rooms between the 2nd and 6th floors.

Healthy Travel Packing List

Use the Healthy Travel Packing List for South Sudan for a list of health-related items to consider packing for your trip. Talk to your doctor about which items are most important for you.

Why does CDC recommend packing these health-related items?

It’s best to be prepared to prevent and treat common illnesses and injuries. Some supplies and medicines may be difficult to find at your destination, may have different names, or may have different ingredients than what you normally use.

If you are not feeling well after your trip, you may need to see a doctor. If you need help finding a travel medicine specialist, see Find a Clinic . Be sure to tell your doctor about your travel, including where you went and what you did on your trip. Also tell your doctor if you were bitten or scratched by an animal while traveling.

If your doctor prescribed antimalarial medicine for your trip, keep taking the rest of your pills after you return home. If you stop taking your medicine too soon, you could still get sick.

Malaria is always a serious disease and may be a deadly illness. If you become ill with a fever either while traveling in a malaria-risk area or after you return home (for up to 1 year), you should seek immediate medical attention and should tell the doctor about your travel history.

For more information on what to do if you are sick after your trip, see Getting Sick after Travel .

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• v.37; 2020 Sep

The current situation of COVID-19 in Sudan

H.n. altayb.

1) Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

N.M.E. Altayeb

2) Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sudan International University, Khartoum, Sudan

Y. Hamadalnil

3) Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Nile University, Khartoum, Sudan

4) Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

N.E. Mahmoud

5) Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratories Sciences, Alneelain University, Khartoum, Sudan

Associated Data

Data are available on request.

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a global public health concern with rapid growth in the number of patients with significant mortality rates. The first case in Sudan was reported on 13 March 2020, and up to 3 July 2020 there are 9894 confirmed cases and 616 deaths. The case fatality rate was 6.23%. There is variation in case fatality rate (CFR), which in some cities (like Khartoum) was low (3.8%), but in others (like North Darfur) it was very high (31.7%). The government of Sudan has implemented preventive measures during the current coronavirus disease pandemic, such as partial lockdown, contact monitoring, risk communication, social distance, quarantine and isolation to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2. However, there are new community cases every day; this could be as a result of the weak application of these measures by the government, and the lack of commitment of people to these measures. The number of COVID-19 cases is currently decreasing in Sudan, but we are expected to see an increase in numbers of cases as a result of the massive demonstrations that occurred in Sudan recently, and as a result of the expected reopening and restoration of normal life. The government must increase testing facilities, and maintain social distancing and necessary precautions to limit the spread of infection after life returns to normal.

Introduction

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) originated in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019 [ 1 ]. SARS-CoV-2 dramatically expanded worldwide and on 11 March 2020 the WHO declared the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 a pandemic [ 2 ]. The COVID-19 pandemic has become a significant global public health concern. In particular, SARS-CoV-2 has spread faster than either SARS-CoV or Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus because of its high binding affinity to human receptors [ 3 ]. The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 significantly increases the burden on a country's health-care system by raising the number of individuals seriously ill with COVID-19 and who need medical treatment [ 4 ].

The clinical manifestation of COVID-19 ranges from asymptomatic to severe breathing difficulties and multi-organ failure [ 5 ]. As reported by the CDC, a broad range of symptoms have been observed in individuals with COVID-19, ranging from minor symptoms to serious illness. Symptoms may occur 2–14 days after exposure to the virus, including fever or chills, cough, difficulty breathing, fatigue, muscle or body aches, headache, loss of taste or smell, sore throat, nausea or vomiting, and diarrhoea [ 6 ]. SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted via respiratory droplets following coughing or sneezing by an infected individual, between people within <1 m of each other, and potentially through touching surfaces contaminated with the virus, such as telephones or doorknobs [ 7 ]. No effective antiviral therapy or vaccine has yet been developed. For patients diagnosed with COVID-19, it is recommended that appropriate symptomatic treatment and respiratory support be given [ 8 , 9 ]. Therefore, prevention is the only way to control the outbreak of COVID-19; the best prevention strategies for the community are to minimize the incidence of exposure to the virus, including the following: use of face masks, regular handwashing with soap or hand sanitizer containing at least 60% alcohol, avoiding contact with infected people and maintaining the appropriate distance as far as possible [ 10 ]. Protection from or reduction of the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 may be achieved through the identification, isolation and follow up of infected patients. In addition, environmental disinfection and personal protective equipment for medical staff are used [ 11 ].

COVID-19 continues to expand globally, according to a WHO report, as of 3 July 2020 there were 10 710 005 cases and 517 877 deaths in 188 countries and territories. In Africa, the virus was first reported in mid-February 2020, and to 3 July 2020, more than 329 796 cases have been confirmed, with 6486 deaths [ 12 ]. The pandemic is speeding up – it took 98 days to reach 100 000 cases and only 19 days to progress to 200 000 cases. Ten African countries have recently shown a massive increase in the number of infected patients, making up for almost 80% of all cases in Africa. Over 70% of deaths have occurred in just five countries: Algeria, Egypt, Nigeria, South Africa and Sudan [ 12 ].

Sudan is the second largest country in Africa, with a total population of 43 849 260 [ 13 ], located in the northeastern part of Africa, neighboured by countries with a high number of COVID-19 cases, such asEgypt and the Gulf Arab countries. Before the announcement of the first case of COVID-19, the Sudan Federal Ministry of Health had strengthened the measures at entry points and, on 13 April, the government announced a partial lockdown. However, because of the weak application of these preventive measures, and the open borders of Sudan with neighbouring countries, these measures were not effective; a large number of people refused and escaped quarantine [ 14 ]. To 3 July 2020, Sudan has witnessed community transmission of COVID-19, with new cases reported daily. In this review, we highlight the current situation of COVID-19, hospital facilities and quarantine centres, and the expected scenario in Sudan.

The current situation in Sudan

The COVID-19 has been reported in Sudan since 13 March 2020, and up to 3 July 2020 there had been 9894 confirmed cases and 616 deaths, with a 6.6% case fatality rate. The highest number of confirmed cases appeared in the Khartoum State (7214), followed by Gazira (955), Gadarif (250), Sinnar (195), North Kordufan (183), Red Sea (182) and River Nile (202), more details are given in Table 1 and Fig. 1 . About 35% of confirmed cases were over 45 years old, and this age group showed the highest mortality rate (6%) ( Fig. 2 ) and the majority were in men (58%). The highest number of mortalities occurred in Khartoum (273), followed by Gazira (146), North Darfur (45), Gadarif (22) and Red Sea (38), more details are in Table 1 [ 15 ]. The case fatality rate was 6.23% in Sudan; in some states (like Khartoum) it was low (3.8%), whereas in other states, like Central Darfur and North Darfur, it was very high (66% and 30%, respectively), this variation may be a result of differences in hospital and diagnosis facilities between the capital (Khartoum) and the remote Darfur states or could be because the actual number of community cases in Darfur states is higher than detected [ 16 ]. A much higher number of unrecognized cases is extremely probable because of the restricted number of tests, a public reluctance to report infections and, perhaps worse, attitudes of denial.

Table 1

Distribution of suspected cases, confirmed cases and deaths for COVID-19 by states up to 3 July [ 15 ]

Abbreviation: CFR, case fatality rate.

The general condition of COVID-19 cases in the Sudan states up to 3 July 2020 [ 15 ].

Distribution of confirmed cases of COVID-19 by age groups, and general situation up to 3 July 2020.

New community-based cases of COVID-19 are reported daily, creating a massive impact on public health and socio-economic disasters affecting the daily lives of many people [ 17 ]. In recent weeks, as shown in Fig. 3 , the case numbers from week 22 to week 27 have dropped; this might be due to a problem in testing facilities (as shown in Fig. 4 , the number of samples tested was very low during the last 3 weeks) or due to the partial success of the current lockdown strategy. The reopening date is set as the second week of July 2020, but with reports of a rapid increase in new cases, it is probable that lockdown will be lengthened, or new preventive strategies will be brought in.

Distribution of positive cases of COVID-19 by epidemic week (W11–W26) 2020.

Distribution of COVID-19 suspected cases by date of admission up to 3 July 2020.

Action by the government of Sudan against COVID-19

The Government of Sudan is taking a lot of measures against COVID-19 to guarantee and fulfil its responsibilities to its people. From the day on which the first case was reported in Khartoum State, on 13 March 2020, all services and measures have been used with the maximum capacity to guarantee the safety of people's lives in the country. In that time, all cases have had a history of travel, suggesting that transmissions are imported from elsewhere in the country. The Government of Sudan is implementing COVID-19 prevention methods with their interventions, such as early diagnosis and contact tracing, risk communication, social distancing, quarantine and isolation, to prevent the spread of COVID-19, closing the bridges linking the cities of Khartoum, suspension of prayers in mosques and churches, and partial lockdown. Some of the Darfur region states have closed their borders and imposed travel restrictions to reduce the movement of individuals. However, the implementation of these precautions is complicated by the weakness of Sudan's transition government and its fragmented health system [ 14 ].

Isolation centre and quarantine for COVID-19 in Sudan

According to the World Bank, Sudan's hospital-bed capacity was 0.8 per 1000 people in 2013 [ 14 , 19 ]. Up to 3 June 2020, Sudan had established 36 isolation centres (IC) in all its states with bed capacity around 985 beds and 198 intensive care unit beds [ 15 ]; for the total population of Sudan this capacity is very low by international standards [ 20 ]. The government of Sudan equipped quarantine centres in all Sudanese states; these received 2374 individuals and had discharged 2189 of them up to 3 July 2020 [ 15 ].

Testing facilities

Testing is one of the most important parts of the fight against SARS-CoV-2, through which we can identify infected people, so as to treat and isolate them at the appropriate time. Testing is the key to controlling the virus, with more testing giving easier control of the spread of the virus [ 21 ]. The government of Sudan established seven centres with PCR facilities for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 in five of the 18 Sudanese states. Two centres were in Khartoum State (NPHL and Military Hospital laboratory), and there was one centre in each of the Red Sea (Port Sudan), Elgazera (Wadmadani), North Kordofan (Elobied) and South Darfur (Nyala). The current testing capacity of these diagnostic centres is 800 samples per day. However, overall capacity remains low. In addition to this low testing capacity, there are several other problems that limit its work, including sample collection and transportation [ 22 ]. According to the WHO recommendation, a positive rate of around 3%–12% is the general benchmark of adequate testing [ 23 , 24 ]. Up to 3 July 2020, Sudan conducted only 17 945 tests for 18 262 suspected cases, 55% of them were positive ( Table 2 ) [ 15 ]. Comparing the percentage of positivity in Sudan with other countries such as Korea (1%), Australia (1%), Mexico (20%) and Bolivia (50%), we find that Sudan is among the countries with the highest positive rates [ 24 ]. This high positivity rate (55%) indicates that Sudan is not testing widely enough to find all cases, and the actual number of circulating cases in the community is far higher than the confirmed numbers. This point is supported by the recent report of a high number of asymptomatic cases that were discovered in people returning from Sudan— of 450 Thai people who had returned recently from Sudan, 21 had COVID-19 while being asymptomatic [ 25 ].

Table 2

Distribution of suspected cases of COVID-19 by the result of tested samples up to 3 July 2020

Conclusion and expected scenario

So far, the spread of the virus and its impact on Sudan is less compared with other countries. This could be attributed to the partial success of the preventive measures implemented by the government or might be due to a lack of testing facilities.

There is a high case fatality rate in some states (such as North and Central Darfur states), this could be due to a lack of hospitals, or the actual number of cases may be more than that reported due to the lack of testing facilities.

Despite a coronavirus lockdown, on 30 June 2020 more than one million Sudanese protestors gathered in the capital of Sudan (Khartoum) and other Sudanese cities without distancing or protective measures ( Fig. 5 ) [ 18 ]. Countries that have witnessed protests have reported more cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections. In the USA, the number of COVID-19 cases increases by 3.39 cases per day per 100 000 people, after the protests surrounding George Floyd's death [ 26 ]. As a result of the massive protests and the scheduled reopening of lockdown, we expect an increase in the number of COVID-19 cases in Sudan. COVID-19 cases are currently decreasing in Sudan, but if the number of cases is massively increased, then the situation could worsen and become out of control through lack and shortage of equipped medical facilities and of well-trained medical personnel. Therefore, the government must scale up testing capacity, maintain social distancing and ensure the necessary precautions to limit the spread of infection after reopening and restoring normal life [ 27 ].

Sudanese protests in Zalingi city on 30 June 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic [ 18 ].

Ethics approval and consent to participate

Not applicable.

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Availability of data, conflicts of interest.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Authors' contribution

HNA, NE, YH, NME and NMA, wrote the manuscript. HNA, NME and NE collected the, literature, selected the literature and finalized the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

World Malaria Day Feature 2024: The Threat, the Tech, and the Team

Every April 25, CDC joins the global community to highlight malaria, a serious parasitic disease spread to humans by a certain type of mosquito, Anopheles . Malaria remains a leading cause of preventable illness and death in the world. In 2022 , there were approximately 249 million malaria cases and 608,000 malaria deaths in 85 countries. Malaria disproportionately impacts women and young families, with children under five making up approximately 80% of malaria deaths and pregnant women facing severe health outcomes. Africa carries the largest burden, accounting for approximately 94% (233 million) malaria cases and 95% (580,000) malaria deaths.    

CDC continues to be a global leader in malaria work, with our state-of-the-art insectary and entomology labs providing a platform for innovative research to address malaria’s threat. This past summer, a team from CDC’s Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria (DPDM)’s Entomology Branch created an innovative, simple, and accessible loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for molecular identification of the invasive malaria vector Anopheles stephensi.   

The team, led by molecular biologist Cristina Rafferty, included two interns from Summer 2023 through the Public Health Entomology for All (PHEFA) program :  

• JeNiyah Scaife  
• Gloria Raise  

Understanding Anopheles stephensi (The threat)  

Anopheles stephensi ( An. stephensi ) is a malaria vector native to South Asia but has since spread to Africa and poses a huge threat to the malaria landscape. In Africa, An. stephensi was first detected in Djibouti, a country that was on the cusp of malaria pre-elimination status in 2012 with only 27 presumed or confirmed cases. In 2020, malaria cases had reached more than 73,000, with many believing it was due to An. stephensi . On the African continent, the vector has also been detected in Sudan, Somalia, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, and more recently Nigeria and Ghana. If the spread continues, estimates predict it could put an additional 126 million people per year at risk of malaria, mostly in peri-urban/urban areas.   

An. stephensi is also different from typical African malaria vectors; it’s both urban and peri-urban as opposed to typical rural vectors, has different feeding behaviors, can breed in man-made containers, and is not seasonal, thus having the potential to transmit malaria year-round. It is also resistant to common insecticides. These attributes make the most common malaria vector interventions (e.g., indoor residual sprays and insecticide-treated nets) less effective against An. stephensi.     

Access to fast and accurate molecular tools is integral in confirming the presence of An. stephensi in new locations. This is because it can be difficult to distinguish from other vectors morphologically.  Up until now, there were no easily accessible molecular tools to rapidly detect invasions of An. stephensi, leading to significant challenges to early detection as it continues to spread across Africa.   

Creating an accessible assay (The tech)  

This past summer, CDC’s team created a rapid colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for An. stephensi species identification, referred to as the CLASS assay. The team worked tirelessly rearing mosquitoes, conducting DNA extraction, analyzing PCRs and gels, and testing with different reagent concentrations at different times and temperatures. The team kept accessibility and field-friendliness at the forefront when designing the assay. Teams utilizing this assay do not need a full molecular laboratory nor highly trained molecular biologists to interpret the assays, which addresses major barriers that currently exist in the field.   

Creating innovative tools to detect malaria vectors such as An. stephensi is key to global malaria control and elimination. Utilizing the CLASS assay will not only help with early detection and accurate identification of An. stephensi, but also further informs researchers on the changing malaria landscape and how to best prepare and rapidly respond.   

A pre-print describing the CLASS assay is available now. Malaria programs have started to pilot the CLASS assay in countries, including Kenya, Ghana, Ethiopia, and Tanzania.  The countries are using the assay for screening in the field, with additional follow up as necessary. The CDC team will gather valuable feedback from countries, further informing researchers about its use.   

Gloria Raise, currently a senior at New Jersey Institute of Technology, works in the lab and pipets during the PHEFA internship.

Investing in a diverse entomology workforce (The team)

Two PHEFA interns, JeNiyah Scaife and Gloria Raise, under the mentorship of molecular biologist Cristina Rafferty, conducted much of the lab work that supported optimizing the CLASS assay. PHEFA, a joint program between the Entomological Society of America (ESA) and CDC, aims to expand and diversify the pool of scholars interested in and entering the public health entomology field. Scaife and Raise attend undergraduate institutions that take deliberate steps to recruit, enroll, and retain students from underrepresented populations. They both completed a rigorous application and interview process before being selected by DPDM. Though the students were rising seniors majoring in forensic science, they each wanted to learn more about entomology.  

“[…] a lot of people don’t even know what entomology is; there’s very few schools that have an entomology program, so I guess the aim of the program is to show that there is entomology connected with public health […] it kind of shows what the power of entomology can have, and the impact it can have on people’s health and lives,” says Raise.   

In addition to learning more about the field , the direct experience was invaluable. “I learned more in 10 weeks than I’ve learned in an entire semester at school,” says Scaife. “As far as using some of the instruments in the lab, I feel more confidently when it comes to running PCR s , or using the therm al cycler, or running a gel ; I feel like I know it like the back of my hand . I looked forward to going to the lab every morning to see what we could get done throughout the day or something new I was going to learn.”  Exuding pride , Rafferty, who mentored these students , s aid, “ not only did they help to change the course of how the world can detect A n . ste phensi , but they also gave me hope in there being a more diverse and ready public health entomol ogy workforce . ”    

JeNiyah Scaife, currently a senior at Fayetteville State North Carolina, works in the lab during the PHEFA internship.

As malaria continues to evolve as a global threat to human health, we must continue to invest in innovative approaches to detect, prevent, control, and one day, eliminate it . These approaches require diverse and inclusive thinking. Efforts like PHEFA interns working to optimize and develop the CLASS assay is a keystone example of why such methods are paramount in public health .   DPDM is proud to have talented individuals with diverse backgrounds and experiences contribut ing to innovative work that imp r oves how CDC can address emerging public health threats , ultimately protecting the lives and livelihoods of the most vulnerable .    

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Warnings and insurance

FCDO advises against all travel to Sudan 

Your travel insurance could be invalidated if you travel against advice from the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO). 

FCDO advises against all travel to Sudan because of the ongoing military conflict in Khartoum and other parts of the country.  

There have been several ceasefires, but these have been regularly broken.  

Khartoum International Airport is closed. The only functional civilian airport operating international flights is Port Sudan Airport. 

Monitor travel advice and other media reports for the latest information. 

Find out more about safety and security in Sudan. 

Get help in Sudan 

The British Embassy in Khartoum is closed due to the conflict. There are no British consular staff in Sudan. Our ability to provide consular support is severely limited and we cannot provide in-person support inside Sudan. 

If you’re a British national in Sudan, you can call our 24/7 telephone helpline: +44 1908 516 666. Select option 2 for consular services for British nationals. 

Leaving Sudan 

The UK government is no longer evacuating people from Sudan.  

FCDO cannot offer advice on the safety of travelling to any potential departure point. Consider carefully whether you want to take any of the available options. 

Use your own judgement to move towards a departure point if and when you judge it is safe to do so. 

The UK government’s ability to facilitate onward travel from countries in the region is limited and you’ll be expected to cover the cost of visas, accommodation, insurance and onward travel yourself.   

Any travel options you pursue are taken at your own risk.  

FCDO cannot help non-British dependants of British nationals. 

Travel insurance  

If you choose to travel against FCDO advice, research your destinations and get appropriate travel insurance . Insurance should cover your itinerary, planned activities and expenses in an emergency. 

About FCDO travel advice 

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South Sudan Travel Advisory

Travel advisory july 31, 2023, south sudan - level 4: do not travel.

Reissued with obsolete COVID-19 page links removed.

Do not travel to South Sudan due to crime, kidnapping, and armed conflict.

Country Summary : Violent crime, such as carjackings, shootings, ambushes, assaults, robberies, and kidnappings is common throughout South Sudan, including Juba. Foreign nationals have been the victims of rape, sexual assault, armed robberies, and other violent crimes.

Armed conflict is ongoing and includes fighting between various political and ethnic groups. Weapons are readily available to the population. In addition, cattle raids occur throughout the country and often lead to violence.

Reporting in South Sudan without the proper documentation from the South Sudanese Media Authority is considered illegal, and any journalistic work there is very dangerous. Journalists regularly report being harassed in South Sudan, and many have been killed while covering the conflict.

The U.S. government has limited ability to provide emergency consular services to U.S. citizens in South Sudan. U.S. government personnel in South Sudan are under a strict curfew. They must use armored vehicles for nearly all movements, and official travel outside Juba is limited. Due to the critical crime threat in Juba, walking is also restricted; when allowed, it is limited to a small area in the immediate vicinity of the Embassy and during daylight hours only. Family members cannot accompany U.S. government employees who work in South Sudan.

Due to risks to civil aviation operating within or in the vicinity of South Sudan, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has issued a Notice to Air Missions (NOTAM) and/or a Special Federal Aviation Regulation (SFAR). For more information U.S. citizens should consult the Federal Aviation Administration’s Prohibitions, Restrictions, and Notices .

Read the country information page for additional information on travel to South Sudan.

If you decide to travel to South Sudan:

• Exercise extreme care in all parts of the country, including Juba. Travel outside of Juba with a minimum of two vehicles along with appropriate recovery and medical equipment in case of mechanical failure or other emergency.
• Avoid travel along border areas.
• Avoid demonstrations and public gatherings. Even events intended to be peaceful can become violent.
• Be aware that photography in public is strictly controlled and you are required to obtain authorization from the Ministry of Information before taking any photographs or video in public – including while inside a vehicle.
• Monitor local/international news and consular messages .
• Enroll your trip in the State Department's Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP) .
• Review your personal security plan and visit our page on travel to high risk areas.
• Draft a will and designate appropriate insurance beneficiaries and/or power of attorney.
• Discuss a plan with loved ones regarding care/custody of children, pets, property, belongings, non-liquid assets (collections, artwork, etc.), funeral wishes, etc.
• Share important documents, log-in information, and points of contact with loved ones so that they can manage your affairs, if you are unable to return as planned to the United States. Find a suggested list of such documents here .
• Establish your own personal security plan in coordination with your employer or host organization, or consider consulting with a professional security organization. Your plan should include sheltering in place, maintaining outside communication, and a personal evacuation plan via commercial means.
• Develop a communication plan with family and/or your employer or host organization so that they can monitor your safety and location as you travel through high-risk areas. This plan should specify who you would contact first, and how they should share the information.
• Be sure to appoint one family member to serve as the point of contact with hostage-takers, media, U.S. and host country government agencies, and Members of Congress, if you are taken hostage or detained.
• Establish a proof of life protocol with your loved ones, so that if you are taken hostage, your loved ones can know specific questions (and answers) to ask the hostage-takers to be sure that you are alive (and to rule out a hoax).
• Leave DNA samples with your medical provider in case it is necessary for your family to access them.
• Erase any sensitive photos, comments, or other materials from your social media pages, cameras, laptops, and other electronic devices that could be considered controversial or provocative by local groups.
• Leave your expensive/sentimental belongings behind.
• Follow the Department of State on Facebook and Twitter .
• Review the Country Security Report for South Sudan.
• U.S. citizens who travel abroad should always have a contingency plan for emergency situations. Review the Traveler’s Checklist .
• Visit the CDC page for the latest Travel Health Information related to your travel.

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Travel Vaccines and Advice for Sudan

Located in northeast Africa, Sudan is unarguably beautiful. Travellers can watch the sunrise over the Nubian pyramids, walk along the world’s largest river, and climb tall hills of sand.

The Sudanese are also known for being incredibly friendly and hospitable. But, current conflict and violence makes travel to the region unsafe, particularly in the Darfur region, Blue Nile, and Southern Kordofan states.

Do I Need Vaccines for Sudan?

Yes, some vaccines are recommended or required for Sudan. The National Travel Health Network and Centre and WHO recommend the following vaccinations for Sudan: COVID-19 , hepatitis A , hepatitis B , typhoid , cholera , yellow fever , rabies , meningitis , polio and tetanus .

See the bullets below to learn more about some of these key immunisations:

• COVID-19 – Airborne – Recommended for all travellers
• Hepatitis A – Food & Water – Recommended for most travellers to the region, especially if unvaccinated.
• Hepatitis B – Blood & Body Fluids – Recommended for travellers to most regions.
• Tetanus – Wounds or Breaks in Skin – Recommended for travelers to most regions, especially if not previously vaccinated.
• Typhoid – Food & Water – Jab lasts 3 years. Oral vaccine lasts 5 years, must be able to swallow pills. Oral doses must be kept in refrigerator.
• Cholera – Food & Water – Recommended for travel to most regions.
• Yellow Fever – Mosquito – Required if travelling from a region with yellow fever. Recommended for all travellers over 9 months of age travelling south of the Sahara.
• Rabies – Saliva of Infected Animals – High risk country. Vaccine recommended for long-stay travellers and those who may come in contact with animals.
• Meningitis – Airborne & Direct Contact – Located in the meningitis belt, vaccination is recommended during the dry season (Dec. – June)
• Polio – Food & Water – Considered a routine vaccination for most travel itineraries. Single adult booster recommended.

See the tables below for more information:

Yellow fever vaccination is recommended for nearly all travellers entering Sudan. Malaria is also present in the country. Antimalarials should be taken before, during and after your trip.

Meningitis is also a threat to travellers, especially from December to June. Consider meningitis vaccination including protection against meningitis B.

Visit our vaccinations page to learn more. Travel safely with Passport Health and schedule your appointment today by calling or book online now .

Do I Need a Visa or Passport for Sudan?

Sudan requires a visa for all kinds of travellers. Visitors must register with local authorities within 72 hours of arrival in-country. Passports must be valid for at least six months beyond the date of entry. Proof of yellow fever vaccination is required to enter the country. If you do not have proof of vaccination, you may be vaccinated on site, quarantined or returned to your previous location.

Sources: Embassy of Sudan and GOV.UK

What is the Climate Like in Sudan?

• Damazine – The temperature in Damazine is nearly always high, with temperatures rarely going below 15 degrees. The rainy season lasts from April to October, with the wettest month being October and the driest September. The warmest month is April and the coolest month is July.
• Geneina – The temperature in Geneina is nearly always high, with temperatures reaching 40 degrees in the summer. The warmest month is May and the coolest August. Most rain occurs from April to August. The wettest month is August and the driest month is January.
• Wadi Halfa – The hottest months are from March to November, with temperatures reaching around 40. The warmest month is June and the coolest month is January. The wettest months are May, July, and October, with an average of 1 mm of rain each month.

How Safe is Sudan?

The government of the UK warns citizens against travelling to Sudan due to ongoing violent crime and the risk of terrorism in the country.

Avoid all travel to the Darfur region, Blue Nile, and Southern Kordofan states. Terrorist groups active in the country often target Westerners. Additionally, violent crime, kidnapping, and armed robberies are prevalent.

Those who choose to travel to Sudan should remain vigilant and avoid public gatherings.

Visiting the Meroë Pyramids

In Meroë there are over 200 pyramids, separated into three groups. The pyramids range in size from six to thirty meters high.

Designed in the Nubian style of narrow bases and steep slopes, they served as tombs for royalty and are truly beautiful to see. There are very few tourists around, giving visitors freedom to explore and take pictures to their heart’s content.

Travellers can see hieroglyphics and carvings in many of the tombs’ antechambers or go on one of the many camel rides nearby.

What Should I Pack for Sudan?

• Money Belt – Due to the crime levels in the country, a money belt will allow you to keep your money and passport safe.
• Emergency numbers – In case of emergency have the numbers of the Embassy of the United Kingdom, local police, and any friends or relatives you may need to contact.
• Plug Adapters – Sudan power sockets are type C and D, meaning an adapter is needed when travelling.
• Sun Cream – Sudan is very warm and receives lots of sun. Travellers will likely be outside exploring, making sun cream a must.

Embassy of the United Kingdom in Sudan

If you are in Sudan and have an emergency (for example, been attacked, arrested or someone has died) contact the nearest consular services. Contact the embassy before arrival if you have additional questions on entry requirements, safety concerns or are in need of assistance.

British Embassy Khartoum off Sharia Al Baladiya Khartoum PO Box No 801 Sudan Telephone: +249 (0)156 775500 Emergency Phone: +249 (0)156 775500 Fax: +249 (0)156 775501 Contact Form: Click Here

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On This Page: Do I Need Vaccines for Sudan? Do I Need a Visa or Passport for Sudan? What is the Climate Like in Sudan? How Safe is Sudan? Visiting the Meroë pyramids What Should I Pack To Sudan? Embassy of the United Kingdom in Sudan

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COVID-19: travel health notice for all travellers

Sudan travel advice

Latest updates: The Health section was updated - travel health information (Public Health Agency of Canada)

Last updated: April 17, 2024 12:01 ET

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Safety and security, entry and exit requirements, laws and culture, natural disasters and climate, sudan - avoid all travel.

The Government of Canada evacuation flights have ended. However, you should leave the country if you can do so safely.

Canadians in Sudan needing consular assistance should contact the Emergency Watch and Response Centre .

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Fighting throughout Sudan

The security situation in Sudan has been very dangerous since fighting broke out between the army and paramilitary forces on April 15, 2023. Heavy gunfire and explosions have occurred across the country, resulting in numerous casualties, including civilians. There are also reports of attacks and sexual assaults, including rape. Foreigners and staff of international organizations have been targeted.

Access to essential services is disrupted. Most hospitals are out of service. Access to basic necessities such as food, water, medication, and fuel is increasingly challenging. The telecommunication network is unreliable.

All airports are closed to commercial flights. All overland travel is extremely hazardous.

The Embassy of Canada in Sudan has temporarily suspended its operations and our evacuation flights have ended. Our ability to provide consular services is extremely limited. Commercial onward options may be available to depart Sudan via Port Sudan. However, you should carefully assess the travel routes before deciding to go there.

The security situation is highly volatile. Clashes are likely to continue in the near future. The situation could deteriorate further. You should leave the country now if you can do so safely.

If you are currently in Sudan and choose to stay despite this advisory:

• keep in mind that you are responsible for your own safety and that of your family
• use your judgment to decide the best time and the safest means to move to a safer location if you think it's required
• shelter in a safe place if you are not travelling to leave the country
• avoid travelling to the Wadi Seidna Airfield
• ensure that you have essential supplies, including food, water and fuel
• keep your doors and windows locked at all times
• keep your phone charged at all times
• ensure that your passport and other travel documents are up-to-date and secure at all times
• register or update your personal information through the Registration of Canadians Abroad service and encourage other Canadian citizens in Sudan to do so
• monitor the local and international media to stay informed on the evolving situation
• follow the advice of local authorities

Canada’s response to the crisis in Sudan – Government of Canada

Political situation

The country remains without a functioning government following a seizure of power by the military on October 25, 2021, and the resignation of the prime minister on January 2, 2022.

Frequent demonstrations are continuing to take place in various cities, particularly in Khartoum and Omdurman.

Clashes between protestors and security forces have occurred. Security forces have used excessive and lethal force to disperse crowds, which has resulted in numerous casualties. They have also arrested an unknown number of activists and protestors.

Access to cellular service (both phone and internet) is periodically restricted throughout the country. During days of planned demonstrations, roadblocks have been set up on the bridges linking Khartoum to the suburbs and checkpoints have been established.

There is uncertainty surrounding the current political arrangement, and the situation could deteriorate quickly. Access to essential services could be disrupted without notice.  Access to cellular service (both phone and internet) is periodically restricted throughout the country.

If you are in Sudan:

• limit your movements
• maintain low profile
• avoid all demonstrations and large gatherings
• monitor the local media to stay informed on the evolving situation

Demonstrations

Demonstrations take place regularly. Even peaceful demonstrations can turn violent at any time. They can also lead to disruptions to traffic and public transportation.

• Avoid areas where demonstrations and large gatherings are taking place
• Follow the instructions of local authorities
• Monitor local media for information on ongoing demonstrations

Mass gatherings (large-scale events)

The conflict in Darfur has created a dangerous situation in western Sudan, particularly outside the major towns. Other areas of Sudan and eastern Chad are also affected by the conflict.

Despite the signing of a preliminary peace agreement, the security situation in Darfur remains extremely volatile, and lawlessness is prevalent.

Violence has resulted in deaths, displacement of people, general instability and insecurity.

The region has seen sporadic fighting between the government and rebels groups. Carjacking, break-ins and kidnapping remain a genuine threat to foreigners.

Violence regularly breaks out within camps for internally displaced people. Humanitarian workers and United Nations (U.N.) peacekeepers have been attacked and kidnapped.

Further clashes and regional violence cannot be ruled out.

A state of emergency is in effect in the 5 states of Darfur, Kassala, and South, West and North Kordofan. Curfews are sometimes put in effect by the government.

You should leave if you are in Darfur.

Abyei region, West Kordofan, South Kordofan and Blue Nile

Both Sudan and South Sudan claim Abyei, and there is continued fighting in South Kordofan and Blue Nile between government forces and rebels.

There is a heightened risk of attacks in the region. Armed groups have carried out attacks on foreign workers, including oil field workers.

Sudan has declared a state of emergency in the states bordering South Sudan.

You should leave if you are in Abyei administrative region, South Kordofan or Blue Nile states.

Border with Eritrea in Red Sea and Kassala states, and with Ethiopia in Al-Qadrif and Sennar states

The security situation in the area comprised within 50 km of the border with Eritrea, in Red Sea, and Kassala states, and within 50 km of the border with Ethiopia in the Al-Qadrif and Sennar states is volatile due to cross-border militant activity. Military operations have been occurring in the Tigray region of Ethiopia since early November 2020.

Foreigners working for aid organizations in this area have been the target of attacks.

Border with Egypt

The Halayib triangle and Bir Tawil are disputed territories between Sudan and Egypt. The threat of isolated and indiscriminate clashes cannot be discounted.

Northern State

There have been reports of a mobilisation and movement of security forces in Northern State, in particular Merowe and the surrounding areas, in April 2023.

Border with Libya

The area within 50 km of the border with Libya is used by armed groups as transit route to smuggle weapons, goods and people and is prone to banditry.

Border crossings

The land borders with some neighbouring countries are closed. Border closures may occur without notice.

Commercial overland expeditions occasionally cross Sudan’s land borders with Libya, the Central African Republic and Chad, but these routes are dangerous.

There are landmines in many areas outside the main cities, including border areas.

Don’t attempt to cross land borders.

While the incidence of crime in Khartoum is low, incidents of petty crime are increasing including opportunistic theft from vehicles. Keep valuables out of sight and drive with locked doors and closed windows.

Banditry is rampant throughout western Sudan, especially in the Darfur region. Several incidents have resulted in deaths near the border with Chad.

Random searches

For national security reasons, Sudanese authorities may conduct random searches of personal effects belonging to individuals working for international organizations.

There is a threat of terrorism. Terrorist attacks could occur at any time.

Targets could include:

• government buildings, including schools
• places of worship
• airports and other transportation hubs and networks
• sites frequented by foreigners such as tourist attractions, restaurants, bars, coffee shops, shopping centres markets, hotels, etc.

Always be aware of your surroundings when in public places.

Westerners face the risk of being kidnapped even in Khartoum.

Maintain a heightened level of vigilance and consider regularly modifying your patterns of travel.

Pirate attacks and armed robbery against ships occur in coastal waters. Mariners should take appropriate precautions.

Live piracy report  - International Maritime Bureau

Fuel shortages

There are shortages of fuel in Khartoum and most other areas of Sudan.

If you must travel by road, make sure you have enough fuel for the entire trip.

Road safety

Unpredictable local driving habits, pedestrians and roaming animals pose serious risks.

Road conditions are poor.

Many roads outside the capital are sand tracks. A four-wheel-drive vehicle is required for overland travel except on the Khartoum–Kassala–Port Sudan, Khartoum–Atbara, and Khartoum–El Obeid highways.

Only experienced and fully equipped travellers should undertake desert travel. Basic equipment should include:

• metal ramps for heavy sand
• a global positioning system (GPS)
• spare fuel and
• water supplies

Roadblocks are common. Have your identity and vehicle documents readily available.

Public transportation

Public transportation is limited outside of major urban areas.

Most buses are irregularly scheduled. They are poorly maintained and drivers are reckless. Fatal accidents involving buses are routine.

If you decide to travel by bus, use only top-of-the-line buses.

A ferry connects Wadi Halfa, in Sudan, and Aswan, in Egypt.

A weekly train service operates between Wadi Halfa and Khartoum.

Trains are dilapidated, but service is punctual.

Taxis are available in urban centres but are generally in bad conditions.

In Khartoum, you may use an online hailing service but you must have a local SIM card in your phone with the data service.

We do not make assessments on the compliance of foreign domestic airlines with international safety standards.

Information about foreign domestic airlines

Every country or territory decides who can enter or exit through its borders. The Government of Canada cannot intervene on your behalf if you do not meet your destination’s entry or exit requirements.

We have obtained the information on this page from the Sudanese authorities. It can, however, change at any time.

Verify this information with the  Foreign Representatives in Canada .

Entry requirements vary depending on the type of passport you use for travel.

Before you travel, check with your transportation company about passport requirements. Its rules on passport validity may be more stringent than the country’s entry rules.

Regular Canadian passport

Your passport must be valid for at least 6 months beyond the date you expect to leave Sudan.

Passport for official travel

Different entry rules may apply.

Official travel

Passport with “X” gender identifier

While the Government of Canada issues passports with an “X” gender identifier, it cannot guarantee your entry or transit through other countries. You might face entry restrictions in countries that do not recognize the “X” gender identifier. Before you leave, check with the closest foreign representative for your destination.

Other travel documents

Different entry rules may apply when travelling with a temporary passport or an emergency travel document. Before you leave, check with the closest foreign representative for your destination.

Useful links

• Foreign Representatives in Canada
• Canadian passports

Tourist visa: required Business visa: required Student visa: required Transit visa: required

Allow at least 2 months between your visa application and the intended date of travel. Visas are not granted automatically to prospective travellers.

Registration

As a foreigner, you must register with the Ministry of the Interior’s Aliens’ Registration Office within 3 days of your arrival in Sudan.

If arriving by land or sea, you can register at your port of entry.

Certain larger hotels offer to register their guests. Processing fees apply and vary depending on where you register. Two passport-style photos may be required.

Travels outside of Khartoum

You must obtain a permit before travelling outside of Khartoum. You can obtain your permit from the Foreign Ministry. You should start procedures at least a week prior to your trip dates.

It is extremely difficult to obtain permits for destinations within west Sudan, except for persons working for registered humanitarian organizations and diplomatic missions.

Sudanese authorities enforce permit regulations rigorously and they can retain documents. Carry at least 3 copies of your travel permit and passport, including the Sudan visa page, at all times.

Stamp from Israel

Local authorities will automatically deny you entry to Sudan if your passport contains a stamp from Israel.

Children and travel

The country’s customs, laws and regulations adhere closely to Islamic practices and beliefs.

Under Sudanese law, women and their children may encounter difficulties relating to mobility. Local authorities may prohibited them from departing Sudan if the father has not given his consent, regardless of custodial rights accorded to the mother by any Sudanese, Canadian or other courts.

• Travelling with children

Yellow fever

Learn about potential entry requirements related to yellow fever (vaccines section).

Relevant Travel Health Notices

• Global Measles Notice - 13 March, 2024
• COVID-19 and International Travel - 13 March, 2024
• Dengue: Advice for travellers - 8 April, 2024
• Polio: Advice for travellers - 17 April, 2024

This section contains information on possible health risks and restrictions regularly found or ongoing in the destination. Follow this advice to lower your risk of becoming ill while travelling. Not all risks are listed below.

Consult a health care professional or visit a travel health clinic preferably 6 weeks before you travel to get personalized health advice and recommendations.

Routine vaccines

Be sure that your  routine vaccinations , as per your province or territory , are up-to-date before travelling, regardless of your destination.

Some of these vaccinations include measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, varicella (chickenpox), influenza and others.

Pre-travel vaccines and medications

You may be at risk for preventable diseases while travelling in this destination. Talk to a travel health professional about which medications or vaccines may be right for you, based on your destination and itinerary. 

There is a risk of hepatitis A in this destination. It is a disease of the liver. People can get hepatitis A if they ingest contaminated food or water, eat foods prepared by an infectious person, or if they have close physical contact (such as oral-anal sex) with an infectious person, although casual contact among people does not spread the virus.

Practise  safe food and water precautions and wash your hands often. Vaccination is recommended for all travellers to areas where hepatitis A is present.

Measles is a highly contagious viral disease. It can spread quickly from person to person by direct contact and through droplets in the air.

Anyone who is not protected against measles is at risk of being infected with it when travelling internationally.

Regardless of where you are going, talk to a health care professional before travelling to make sure you are fully protected against measles.

This destination is in the African Meningitis Belt, an area which has the highest rates of meningococcal disease in the world. Meningococcal disease is a serious and sometimes fatal infection. 

Travellers who are at higher risk should discuss vaccination with a health care provider. High-risk travellers include those living or working with the local population (e.g., health care workers) or those travelling to crowded areas or taking part in large gatherings.

  Hepatitis B is a risk in every destination. It is a viral liver disease that is easily transmitted from one person to another through exposure to blood and body fluids containing the hepatitis B virus.  Travellers who may be exposed to blood or other bodily fluids (e.g., through sexual contact, medical treatment, sharing needles, tattooing, acupuncture or occupational exposure) are at higher risk of getting hepatitis B.

Hepatitis B vaccination is recommended for all travellers. Prevent hepatitis B infection by practicing safe sex, only using new and sterile drug equipment, and only getting tattoos and piercings in settings that follow public health regulations and standards.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious viral disease. It can spread from person to person by direct contact and through droplets in the air.

It is recommended that all eligible travellers complete a COVID-19 vaccine series along with any additional recommended doses in Canada before travelling. Evidence shows that vaccines are very effective at preventing severe illness, hospitalization and death from COVID-19. While vaccination provides better protection against serious illness, you may still be at risk of infection from the virus that causes COVID-19. Anyone who has not completed a vaccine series is at increased risk of being infected with the virus that causes COVID-19 and is at greater risk for severe disease when travelling internationally.

Before travelling, verify your destination’s COVID-19 vaccination entry/exit requirements. Regardless of where you are going, talk to a health care professional before travelling to make sure you are adequately protected against COVID-19.

 The best way to protect yourself from seasonal influenza (flu) is to get vaccinated every year. Get the flu shot at least 2 weeks before travelling.  

 The flu occurs worldwide. 

•  In the Northern Hemisphere, the flu season usually runs from November to   April.
•  In the Southern Hemisphere, the flu season usually runs between April and   October.
•  In the tropics, there is flu activity year round. 

The flu vaccine available in one hemisphere may only offer partial protection against the flu in the other hemisphere.

The flu virus spreads from person to person when they cough or sneeze or by touching objects and surfaces that have been contaminated with the virus. Clean your hands often and wear a mask if you have a fever or respiratory symptoms.

Yellow fever   is a disease caused by a flavivirus from the bite of an infected mosquito.

Travellers get vaccinated either because it is required to enter a country or because it is recommended for their protection.

• There is a risk of yellow fever in this country.

Country Entry Requirement*

• Proof of vaccination is not required to enter this country.

Recommendation

• Vaccination is recommended depending on your itinerary.
• Contact a designated Yellow Fever Vaccination Centre well in advance of your trip to arrange for vaccination.
• Discuss travel plans, activities, and destinations with a health care professional.
• Protect yourself from mosquito bites.

About Yellow Fever Yellow Fever Vaccination Centres in Canada * It is important to note that   country entry requirements   may not reflect your risk of yellow fever at your destination. It is recommended that you contact the nearest   diplomatic or consular office   of the destination(s) you will be visiting to verify any additional entry requirements.

In this destination, rabies is commonly carried by dogs and some wildlife, including bats. Rabies is a deadly disease that spreads to humans primarily through bites or scratches from an infected animal. While travelling, take precautions , including keeping your distance from animals (including free-roaming dogs), and closely supervising children.

If you are bitten or scratched by a dog or other animal while travelling, immediately wash the wound with soap and clean water and see a health care professional. In this destination, rabies treatment may be limited or may not be available, therefore you may need to return to Canada for treatment.  

Before travel, discuss rabies vaccination with a health care professional. It may be recommended for travellers who are at high risk of exposure (e.g., occupational risk such as veterinarians and wildlife workers, children, adventure travellers and spelunkers, and others in close contact with animals). 

Polio (poliomyelitis) is an infectious disease that can be prevented by vaccination. It is caused by poliovirus type 1, 2 or 3. Circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus 2 (cVDPV2) is present in this country. Polio is spread from person to person and through contaminated food and water. Infection with the polio virus can cause paralysis and death in individuals of any age who are not immune.

Recommendations:

• Be sure that your polio vaccinations are up to date before travelling. Polio is part of the routine vaccine schedule for children in Canada.
• One booster dose of the polio vaccine is recommended as an adult .

Malaria  is a serious and sometimes fatal disease that is caused by parasites spread through the bites of mosquitoes.   There is a risk of malaria in certain areas and/or during a certain time of year in this destination. 

Antimalarial medication may be recommended depending on your itinerary and the time of year you are travelling. Consult a health care professional or visit a travel health clinic before travelling to discuss your options. It is recommended to do this 6 weeks before travel, however, it is still a good idea any time before leaving.    Protect yourself from mosquito bites at all times:  • Cover your skin and use an approved insect repellent on uncovered skin.  • Exclude mosquitoes from your living area with screening and/or closed, well-sealed doors and windows. • Use insecticide-treated bed nets if mosquitoes cannot be excluded from your living area.  • Wear permethrin-treated clothing.    If you develop symptoms similar to malaria when you are travelling or up to a year after you return home, see a health care professional immediately. Tell them where you have been travelling or living. 

Safe food and water precautions

Many illnesses can be caused by eating food or drinking beverages contaminated by bacteria, parasites, toxins, or viruses, or by swimming or bathing in contaminated water.

• Learn more about food and water precautions to take to avoid getting sick by visiting our eat and drink safely abroad page. Remember: Boil it, cook it, peel it, or leave it!
• Avoid getting water into your eyes, mouth or nose when swimming or participating in activities in freshwater (streams, canals, lakes), particularly after flooding or heavy rain. Water may look clean but could still be polluted or contaminated.
• Avoid inhaling or swallowing water while bathing, showering, or swimming in pools or hot tubs. 

Cholera is a risk in parts of this country. Most travellers are at very low risk.

To protect against cholera, all travellers should practise safe food and water precautions .

Travellers at higher risk of getting cholera include those:

• visiting, working or living in areas with limited access to safe food, water and proper sanitation
• visiting areas where outbreaks are occurring

Vaccination may be recommended for high-risk travellers, and should be discussed with a health care professional.

Travellers' diarrhea is the most common illness affecting travellers. It is spread from eating or drinking contaminated food or water.

Risk of developing travellers' diarrhea increases when travelling in regions with poor standards of hygiene and sanitation. Practise safe food and water precautions.

The most important treatment for travellers' diarrhea is rehydration (drinking lots of fluids). Carry oral rehydration salts when travelling.

Typhoid   is a bacterial infection spread by contaminated food or water. Risk is higher among children, travellers going to rural areas, travellers visiting friends and relatives or those travelling for a long period of time.

Travellers visiting regions with a risk of typhoid, especially those exposed to places with poor sanitation, should speak to a health care professional about vaccination.  

There is a risk of schistosomiasis in this destination. Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by tiny worms (blood flukes) which can be found in freshwater (lakes, rivers, ponds, and wetlands). The worms can break the skin, and their eggs can cause stomach pain, diarrhea, flu-like symptoms, or urinary problems. Schistosomiasis mostly affects underdeveloped and r ural communities, particularly agricultural and fishing communities.

Most travellers are at low risk. Travellers should avoid contact with untreated freshwater such as lakes, rivers, and ponds (e.g., swimming, bathing, wading, ingesting). There is no vaccine or medication available to prevent infection.

Insect bite prevention

Many diseases are spread by the bites of infected insects such as mosquitoes, ticks, fleas or flies. When travelling to areas where infected insects may be present:

• Use insect repellent (bug spray) on exposed skin
• Cover up with light-coloured, loose clothes made of tightly woven materials such as nylon or polyester
• Minimize exposure to insects
• Use mosquito netting when sleeping outdoors or in buildings that are not fully enclosed

To learn more about how you can reduce your risk of infection and disease caused by bites, both at home and abroad, visit our insect bite prevention page.

Find out what types of insects are present where you’re travelling, when they’re most active, and the symptoms of the diseases they spread.

There is a risk of chikungunya in this country.  The risk may vary between regions of a country.  Chikungunya is a virus spread through the bite of an infected mosquito. Chikungunya can cause a viral disease that typically causes fever and pain in the joints. In some cases, the joint pain can be severe and last for months or years.

Protect yourself from mosquito bites at all times. There is no vaccine available for chikungunya.

Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever is a viral disease that can cause fever, pain and bleeding under the skin.  In some cases, it can be fatal.  It spreads to humans through contact with infected animal blood or tissues, or from the bite of an infected tick.  Risk is generally low for most travellers.  Protect yourself from tick bites and avoid animals, particularly livestock.  There is no vaccine available for Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever.

Visceral  leishmaniasis   (or kala azar) affects the bone marrow and internal organs. It is caused by a parasite spread through the bite of a female sandfly. It can also be transmitted by blood transfusion or sharing contaminated needles. If left untreated it can cause death. Risk is generally low for most travellers. Protect yourself from sandfly bites, which typically occur after sunset in rural and forested areas and in some urban centres. There is no vaccine or medication to protect against leishmaniasis.

Onchocerciasis (river blindness)   is an eye and skin disease caused by a parasite spread through the bite of an infected female blackfly.  Onchocerciasis often leads to blindness if left untreated. Risk is generally low for most travellers. Protect yourself from blackfly bites, which are most common close to fast-flowing rivers and streams. There is no vaccine available for onchocerciasis although drug treatments exist.

• In this country,   dengue  is a risk to travellers. It is a viral disease spread to humans by mosquito bites.
• Dengue can cause flu-like symptoms. In some cases, it can lead to severe dengue, which can be fatal.
• The level of risk of dengue changes seasonally, and varies from year to year. The level of risk also varies between regions in a country and can depend on the elevation in the region.
• Mosquitoes carrying dengue typically bite during the daytime, particularly around sunrise and sunset.
• Protect yourself from mosquito bites . There is no vaccine or medication that protects against dengue.

Lymphatic filariasis , also known as elephantiasis, is caused by filariae (tiny worms) spread to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito. It can cause a range of illnesses. Risk is generally low for most travellers. Protect yourself from mosquito bites. There is no vaccine available for lymphatic filariasis although drug treatments exist.

Rift Valley fever is a viral disease that can cause severe flu-like symptoms. In some cases, it can be fatal. It is spread to humans through contact with infected animal blood or tissues, from the bite of an infected mosquito, or eating or drinking unpasteurized dairy. Risk is generally low for most travellers. Protect yourself from insect bites and avoid animals, particularly livestock, and unpasteurized dairy. There is no vaccine available for Rift Valley fever.

Animal precautions

Some infections, such as rabies and influenza, can be shared between humans and animals. Certain types of activities may increase your chance of contact with animals, such as travelling in rural or forested areas, camping, hiking, and visiting wet markets (places where live animals are slaughtered and sold) or caves.

Travellers are cautioned to avoid contact with animals, including dogs, livestock (pigs, cows), monkeys, snakes, rodents, birds, and bats, and to avoid eating undercooked wild game.

Closely supervise children, as they are more likely to come in contact with animals.

Person-to-person infections

Stay home if you’re sick and practise proper cough and sneeze etiquette , which includes coughing or sneezing into a tissue or the bend of your arm, not your hand. Reduce your risk of colds, the flu and other illnesses by:

•   washing your hands often
• avoiding or limiting the amount of time spent in closed spaces, crowded places, or at large-scale events (concerts, sporting events, rallies)
• avoiding close physical contact with people who may be showing symptoms of illness 

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) , HIV , and mpox are spread through blood and bodily fluids; use condoms, practise safe sex, and limit your number of sexual partners. Check with your local public health authority pre-travel to determine your eligibility for mpox vaccine.  

Tuberculosis is an infection caused by bacteria and usually affects the lungs.

For most travellers the risk of tuberculosis is low.

Travellers who may be at high risk while travelling in regions with risk of tuberculosis should discuss pre- and post-travel options with a health care professional.

High-risk travellers include those visiting or working in prisons, refugee camps, homeless shelters, or hospitals, or travellers visiting friends and relatives.

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)   is a virus that attacks and impairs the immune system, resulting in a chronic, progressive illness known as AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). 

High risk activities include anything which puts you in contact with blood or body fluids, such as unprotected sex and exposure to unsterilized needles for medications or other substances (for example, steroids and drugs), tattooing, body-piercing or acupuncture.

Medical services and facilities

Health care is inadequate in Sudan.

You will likely need an emergency medical evacuation is case of serious illness or injury. However, it can also be difficult to obtain and air ambulances are usually not available on short notice.

There are no medical facilities to treat diving-related injuries in Port Sudan.

• Avoid surgery in Sudan
• Ensure that your health plan coverage includes Sudan

Make sure you get travel insurance that includes coverage for medical evacuation and hospital stays.

Travel health and safety

Keep in Mind...

The decision to travel is the sole responsibility of the traveller. The traveller is also responsible for his or her own personal safety.

Be prepared. Do not expect medical services to be the same as in Canada. Pack a   travel health kit , especially if you will be travelling away from major city centres.

You must abide by local laws.

Learn about what you should do and how we can help if you are arrested or detained abroad .

Sudan is a traditional, conservative society. Sharia (Islamic law) is applied throughout the country. Islamic practices and beliefs are closely adhered to in the country’s customs, laws and regulations.

• Avoid displays of affection in public, holding hands for instance
• Be extremely discreet if swimming in public
• Avoid wearing shorts in public
• dress conservatively
• avoid wearing short skirts or shirts with low necklines
• avoid displaying bare arms

In 2025, the lunar month of Ramadan is expected to begin on or around February 28.

In public, between sunrise and sunset, be discreet when:

Religious proselytism

Religious proselytism can lead to arrest for long periods of time and deportation.

Penalties for possession, use or trafficking of illegal drugs are severe.  Bags are routinely searched upon arrival and departure at the Khartoum airport.

It is prohibited to import or consume alcohol, even in private.

Drugs, alcohol and travel

2SLGBTQI+ travellers

Sudanese law prohibits sexual acts between individuals of the same sex. Third time convicted offenders can face up to life imprisonment or the death penalty.

2SLGBTQI+ travellers should carefully consider the risks of travelling to Sudan.

Travel and your sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and sex characteristics

Pornography

It is prohibited to import magazines or books of a sexually explicit nature.

Photography

A photography permit is required for all forms of photography.

Even with a permit, it is strictly prohibited to photograph:

• military areas
• drainage stations
• broadcast stations
• public utilities

The authorities may suspect you of espionage if you take pictures without a permit.

If you travel with your laptop, ensure that you remove any photo files that could be deemed by the authorities as suspicious.

Dual citizenship

Dual citizenship is legally recognized in Sudan.

If you are a Canadian citizen, but also a citizen of Sudan, our ability to offer you consular services may be limited while you're there. You may also be subject to different entry/exit requirements .

Travellers with dual citizenship

International Child Abduction

The Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction is an international treaty. It can help parents with the return of children who have been removed to or retained in certain countries in violation of custody rights. It does not apply between Canada and South Sudan.

If your child was wrongfully taken to, or is being held in South Sudan by an abducting parent:

• act as quickly as you can
• consult a lawyer in Canada and in South Sudan to explore all the legal options for the return of your child
• report the situation to the nearest Canadian government office abroad or to the Vulnerable Children’s Consular Unit at Global Affairs Canada by calling the Emergency Watch and Response Centre.

If your child was removed from a country other than Canada, consult a lawyer to determine if The Hague Convention applies.

Be aware that Canadian consular officials cannot interfere in private legal matters or in another country’s judicial affairs.

• International Child Abduction: A Guidebook for Left-Behind Parents
• Canadian embassies and consulates by destination
• Emergency Watch and Response Centre

Sudanese minors (under 18 years of age) require the permission of their father or guardian to leave the country.

The Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction is an international treaty. It can help parents with the return of children who have been removed to or retained in certain countries in violation of custody rights. It does not apply between Canada and Sudan.

If your child was wrongfully taken to, or is being held in Sudan by an abducting parent:

• consult a lawyer in Canada and in Sudan to explore all the legal options for the return of your child

You should carry an international driving permit.

International Driving Permit

The currency of Sudan is the Sudanese pound (SDG). It is non-convertible outside the country and its export is prohibited.

Transferring U.S. dollars to Sudan is difficult because of international sanctions. In addition, U.S. currency dated prior to 2006 is not usually accepted.

Foreign banking and credit cards are not accepted in Sudan. There are ATMs, but they only service local accounts.

International flights and hotel bills must be paid in cash.

You should carry sufficient funds in U.S. dollars to cover your expenses for the duration of your stay.

Sandstorms occur, particularly from July to October. Expect difficulties travelling overland. Local services and the availability of water and basic food may be affected. Take preventive measures and exercise extreme caution.

Rainy season

The rainy season in Sudan lasts 3 months, from July to September.

Seasonal flooding can hamper overland travel and reduce the provision of essential services. Roads may become impassable and bridges damaged.

Monitor regional weather forecasts and plan accordingly.

Local services

In case of emergency, dial:

• police: 999
• medical assistance: 333
• firefighters: 777

Consular assistance

The Embassy of Canada to Sudan has temporarily suspended its operations.

For emergency consular assistance, contact the  Emergency Watch and Response Centre :

• by calling +1 613-996-8885
• by text message at +1 613-686-3658
• via WhatsApp at +1 613-909-8881
• via Telegram at Canada Emergency Abroad
• by e-mail at  [email protected]    

Canadians should also register with the  Registration of Canadians Abroad service . 

The decision to travel is your choice and you are responsible for your personal safety abroad. We take the safety and security of Canadians abroad very seriously and provide credible and timely information in our Travel Advice to enable you to make well-informed decisions regarding your travel abroad.

The content on this page is provided for information only. While we make every effort to give you correct information, it is provided on an "as is" basis without warranty of any kind, expressed or implied. The Government of Canada does not assume responsibility and will not be liable for any damages in connection to the information provided.

If you need consular assistance while abroad, we will make every effort to help you. However, there may be constraints that will limit the ability of the Government of Canada to provide services.

Learn more about consular services .

Risk Levels

  take normal security precautions.

Take similar precautions to those you would take in Canada.

  Exercise a high degree of caution

There are certain safety and security concerns or the situation could change quickly. Be very cautious at all times, monitor local media and follow the instructions of local authorities.

IMPORTANT: The two levels below are official Government of Canada Travel Advisories and are issued when the safety and security of Canadians travelling or living in the country or region may be at risk.

  Avoid non-essential travel

Your safety and security could be at risk. You should think about your need to travel to this country, territory or region based on family or business requirements, knowledge of or familiarity with the region, and other factors. If you are already there, think about whether you really need to be there. If you do not need to be there, you should think about leaving.

  Avoid all travel

You should not travel to this country, territory or region. Your personal safety and security are at great risk. If you are already there, you should think about leaving if it is safe to do so.