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Journey to America #1

Journey to america, sonia levitin.

160 pages, Paperback

First published January 1, 1970

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JOURNEY TO AMERICA

Escaping the holocaust to freedom/50th anniversary edition with a new afterword from the author.

by Sonia Levitin ‧ RELEASE DATE: July 21, 2020

A timely rerelease of a classic, #ownvoices story about a young girl’s journey to freedom.

Lisa and her family need to escape Germany as quickly and as quietly as possible; they are Jewish, and Hitler’s power is growing stronger.

Lisa’s father has already left for America, and soon it will be time for the rest of the family to follow him. Told in the first-person point of view of middle sister Lisa, this is a plot-driven, fast-paced story for middle-grade readers about one Jewish family’s arduous journey to freedom. The language is simple, innocent, and accessible and only briefly alludes to Nazi abominations such as concentration camps and Kristallnacht. This removed approach to horrific historical events allows for the feelings of hope and familial love at the center of the tale to really shine through. This 50th-anniversary edition includes a brand-new afterword by the author that movingly describes her family’s very personal connection to the story and her mother’s tireless efforts to speak out against hate and intolerance after their arrival in the U.S. While it has been in print for many years, it is unfortunately still highly relevant for today’s readers. This book can serve as a gentle introduction to the horrors of the Holocaust, religious oppression, and what it can mean to be a refugee. An outdated term for Romani people that is now considered derogatory remains from the original text and is not addressed in the afterword, striking a jarring note in a modern edition.

Pub Date: July 21, 2020

ISBN: 978-1-5344-6464-3

Page Count: 224

Publisher: Aladdin

Review Posted Online: Aug. 24, 2020

CHILDREN'S SOCIAL THEMES | CHILDREN'S FAMILY | CHILDREN'S HISTORICAL FICTION

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by Sonia Levitin & illustrated by Guy Porfirio

by Sonia Levitin

WRECKING BALL

From the diary of a wimpy kid series , vol. 14.

by Jeff Kinney ; illustrated by Jeff Kinney ‧ RELEASE DATE: Nov. 5, 2019

Readers can still rely on this series to bring laughs.

The Heffley family’s house undergoes a disastrous attempt at home improvement.

When Great Aunt Reba dies, she leaves some money to the family. Greg’s mom calls a family meeting to determine what to do with their share, proposing home improvements and then overruling the family’s cartoonish wish lists and instead pushing for an addition to the kitchen. Before bringing in the construction crew, the Heffleys attempt to do minor maintenance and repairs themselves—during which Greg fails at the work in various slapstick scenes. Once the professionals are brought in, the problems keep getting worse: angry neighbors, terrifying problems in walls, and—most serious—civil permitting issues that put the kibosh on what work’s been done. Left with only enough inheritance to patch and repair the exterior of the house—and with the school’s dismal standardized test scores as a final straw—Greg’s mom steers the family toward moving, opening up house-hunting and house-selling storylines (and devastating loyal Rowley, who doesn’t want to lose his best friend). While Greg’s positive about the move, he’s not completely uncaring about Rowley’s action. (And of course, Greg himself is not as unaffected as he wishes.) The gags include effectively placed callbacks to seemingly incidental events (the “stress lizard” brought in on testing day is particularly funny) and a lampoon of after-school-special–style problem books. Just when it seems that the Heffleys really will move, a new sequence of chaotic trouble and property destruction heralds a return to the status quo. Whew.

Pub Date: Nov. 5, 2019

ISBN: 978-1-4197-3903-3

Publisher: Amulet/Abrams

Review Posted Online: Nov. 18, 2019

GENERAL GRAPHIC NOVELS & COMICS | CHILDREN'S FAMILY

STEALING HOME

by J. Torres ; illustrated by David Namisato ‧ RELEASE DATE: Oct. 5, 2021

An emotional, much-needed historical graphic novel.

Sandy and his family, Japanese Canadians, experience hatred and incarceration during World War II.

Sandy Saito loves baseball, and the Vancouver Asahi ballplayers are his heroes. But when they lose in the 1941 semifinals, Sandy’s dad calls it a bad omen. Sure enough, in December 1941, Japan bombs Pearl Harbor in the U.S. The Canadian government begins to ban Japanese people from certain areas, moving them to “dormitories” and setting a curfew. Sandy wants to spend time with his father, but as a doctor, his dad is busy, often sneaking out past curfew to work. One night Papa is taken to “where he [is] needed most,” and the family is forced into an internment camp. Life at the camp isn’t easy, and even with some of the Asahi players playing ball there, it just isn’t the same. Trying to understand and find joy again, Sandy struggles with his new reality and relationship with his father. Based on the true experiences of Japanese Canadians and the Vancouver Asahi team, this graphic novel is a glimpse of how their lives were affected by WWII. The end is a bit abrupt, but it’s still an inspiring and sweet look at how baseball helped them through hardship. The illustrations are all in a sepia tone, giving it an antique look and conveying the emotions and struggles. None of the illustrations of their experiences are overly graphic, making it a good introduction to this upsetting topic for middle-grade readers.

Pub Date: Oct. 5, 2021

ISBN: 978-1-5253-0334-0

Page Count: 112

Publisher: Kids Can

Review Posted Online: June 28, 2021

Kirkus Reviews Issue: July 15, 2021

CHILDREN'S HISTORICAL FICTION | GENERAL GRAPHIC NOVELS & COMICS

More by J. Torres

by J. Torres ; illustrated by Sean Dove

by J. Torres ; illustrated by Aurélie Grand

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Journey to America

Escaping the holocaust to freedom/50th anniversary edition with a new afterword from the author.

Anniversary Edition Hardcover

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Anniversary Edition eBook

LIST PRICE $7.99

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About The Book

About the author.

Sonia Levitin, like Lisa Platt, escaped from Germany in the late 1930’s. Among her acclaimed books for young readers are The Mark of Conte and The Return .

Product Details

Publisher: Aladdin (July 21, 2020)
Length: 224 pages
ISBN13: 9781534464636
Grades: 3 - 7
Ages: 8 - 12
Lexile ® 750L The Lexile reading levels have been certified by the Lexile developer, MetaMetrics®
Fountas & Pinnell™ U These books have been officially leveled by using the F&P Text Level Gradient™ Leveling System

Browse Related Books

Age 12 and Up
Lexile ® 691 - 790
Children's Fiction > Family > General
Children's Fiction > Historical > Holocaust
Children's Fiction > Emigration & Immigration

Raves and Reviews

“Germany in the early days of the Nazis. Told from the viewpoint of a young Jewish girl and told mostly in dialog…it becomes more than just another journey: it becomes a vivid documentary of insane cruelty and limitless courage that will never be forgotten by anyone who reads it.”

– Publishers Weekly, May 18, 1970

"People being people give Journey to America a special glow."

– Kirkus Reviews, March 20, 1970

“A very moving though never maudlin story with good characterization and a fast pace, this novel will be a definite asset to any collection.”

– School Library Journal, May 1970

“Commendably, neither issues nor ideals intrude on the reader abstractly, but emerge naturally from the human condition portrayed in the story.”

– Booklist, June 1970

Awards and Honors

National Jewish Book Award

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Book Cover Image (jpg): Journey to America Anniversary Edition Trade Paperback 9781534464636

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Journey to America Paperback – Illustrated, April 30, 1987

Purchase options and add-ons.

Reading age 8 - 12 years
Print length 160 pages
Language English
Grade level 3 - 7
Lexile measure 750L
Dimensions 5.38 x 0.5 x 8.38 inches
Publisher Aladdin
Publication date April 30, 1987
ISBN-10 0689711301
ISBN-13 978-0689711305
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Publisher ‏ : ‎ Aladdin; 1st edition (April 30, 1987)
Language ‏ : ‎ English
Paperback ‏ : ‎ 160 pages
ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0689711301
ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0689711305
Reading age ‏ : ‎ 8 - 12 years
Lexile measure ‏ : ‎ 750L
Grade level ‏ : ‎ 3 - 7
Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 4 ounces
Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 5.38 x 0.5 x 8.38 inches
#157 in Children's Holocaust Fiction Books (Books)
#1,837 in Children's Fiction on Social Situations
#2,410 in English as a Second Language Instruction

About the author

Sonia levitin.

My life is mainly devoted to friends and family, my writing and my home. I enjoy hiking in the mountains, especially with my dogs. You can see their pics on my web page, and also pics of my family andfriends. I like to traveling to interesting places. I've been to Europe, parts of Asia, Hawaii, and many beautiful places in the U.S. My most exciting new project is working with a great team on creating a musical based on my novel The Return. We plan the premier in fall, 2006, and now we're casting and soon going into rehearsal.

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‘This Is For My Son’s Life, My Wife’s Life.’ The Migration Journey to the U.S. Continues Despite Complicated Border Policy

J ose Mirabal first tried to come from Honduras to the U.S. 15 years ago, but didn’t make it. Like many before and since he boarded La Bestia or “The Beast”—an infamously dangerous network of cargo trains that wends north across Mexico . In 2006, Mirabal fell from the train and had to have his foot amputated. He returned to Honduras with a prosthetic.

But 2020 was a hard year. COVID-19 strained businesses and health care systems in Honduras, and in November two hurricanes struck the country, leaving thousands of people homeless. So in 2021, Mirabel decided to try his chances again—once again traveling to Mexico and boarding La Bestia . He’s 40 now, and the journey is harder on his body. He doesn’t dare take off his prosthetic because he doesn’t want to risk it getting stolen, he says, and if he needed to run away quickly, he wouldn’t have time to put it back on.

“Not all of us run with the same luck,” Mirabal says, speaking in Spanish from Coatzacoalcos, a city in Mexican state of Veracruz. He’s traveling with his cousin. “Some of us run with good luck, and others unfortunately run with the bad luck. My cousin and I, thank God, have been moving day and night…and so far nothing bad has happened to us.”

Freelance photographer Yael Martínez documented Mirabal and several other migrants’ journeys from Honduras, through Mexico to the U.S.-Mexico border this year. He photographed them crossing the Mexican state of Veracruz and ending in Reynosa and Matamoros, Mexican cities across the border from McAllen and Brownsville, Texas, respectively.

People, like Mirabel, from Central America and Mexico have been attempting to come to the U.S. for decades, but this year marks an inflection point. U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) conducted more than 1.7 million enforcement actions at the U.S.-Mexico border during Fiscal Year 2021, which ended on Sept. 30, according to CBP data . These enforcement actions include arrests and expulsions under Title 42 , a Trump-era health measure that the Biden Administration has kept in place and has used to immediately remove individuals because of the risks posed by COVID-19 without granting them access to the asylum system.

Title 42 expulsions accounted for more than one million of the 1.7 million enforcement actions during FY2021, meaning most of the migrants who have arrived at the U.S.-Mexico border have been immediately denied entry to the U.S. FY2021 also set the record for most border enforcement encounters by U.S. Border Patrol Agents, according to CBP data . Border Patrol conducted nearly 1.66 million enforcement actions in FY21, surpassing the previous record high of nearly 1.62 million in 1986.

Read More: Biden Is Expelling Migrants On COVID-19 Grounds, But Health Experts Say That’s All Wrong

The U.S. saw an uptick in migration from Central America beginning in the 1980s brought on by regional civil wars (which the U.S. had involvement in), economic instability and displacement, according to the Migration Policy Institute (MPI), a nonpartisan research institution. That migration flow never ended, particularly from the Northern Triangle countries, El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras. From 2007 to 2017, the number of unauthorized migrants from Central America began increasing from previous levels seen in the ’80s, according to the Pew Research Center , while the number of unauthorized migrants from Mexico declined. By Fiscal Year 2014, the number of Central American migrants surpassed those from Mexico for the first time in history.

Still, migration to the U.S.-Mexico border is constantly evolving . In recent years, more Central American migrants have sought out humanitarian protection in the U.S. and are not attempting to evade detection by border enforcement officials, according to MPI.

Read more: More Migrants Die Crossing the Border in South Texas Than Anywhere Else in the U.S. This Documentary Depicts the Human Toll

Then came the Trump Administration’s hardline immigration and border policies such as Zero Tolerance and family separation , metering, the Migrant Protection Protocols (MPP) and Title 42, the ramifications of which the Biden Administration is still facing today. The Biden Administration is now in negotiations with the Mexican government to reinstate MPP to comply with a federal court order.

Since 2019, these policies have led to overcrowded shelters in dangerous Mexican border cities and towns, and many thousands of migrants have lived in makeshift tent encampments in Tijuana, Reynosa and Matamoros.

“There are millions of us migrants,” Mirabal says. “Women with children, with their children on foot, children at their breast. The people are coming who are suffering just trying to find a better life.”

In Honduras, the damage to homes and businesses from hurricanes Eta and Iota in November 2020, plus the impacts of COVID-19 have left an estimated 2.8 million people in need of humanitarian assistance, according to the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). Even before the hurricanes struck, the number of family units from Honduras who were apprehended at the U.S.-Mexico border rose from 513 to 188,368 between 2012 and 2019, according to analysts at the Brookings Institute , a nonprofit research and policy organization. Brookings analysts also predict that the hurricanes caused an increase in migration from Honduras. In 2021, the number of Honduran family units encountered at the border rose from 1,968 in January, to nearly 25,000 in March, according to an analysis of CBP data .

La Bestia isn’t the only danger migrants encounter in Mexico. Whether migrants are traveling by train or other modes of transport, they are often targeted by members of organized crime groups who extort, kidnap them for ransom or rob them. Sexual assault is frequent. And at any point, migrants could be found by Mexican officials and deported. At the behest of the Trump Administration, the Mexican government began cracking down on migrants at its own Southern border. Though the Mexican government has in the past cooperated with previous administrations to try to stop migrants from crossing its southern border with Guatemala, Trump stepped up the pressure by threatening to impose tariffs and shut down the U.S.-Mexico border.

For those who do make it to the U.S.-Mexico border, the risks do not end there. Migrants have been the victims of a massacre along the border, allegedly by Mexican police. Human Rights First, a nonprofit advocacy and research organization, has tracked more than 6,000 reports of violence against migrants stuck in Mexico during the first few months of the Biden Administration alone.

“I’m not safe in my country nor in Mexico as a refugee,” says Carlos Roberto Tunez, a migrant from Honduras. He and his family fled Honduras in 2019 after they were threatened by gangs. The family first became official refugees in Mexico and were content with starting a new life there, he said. They opened a new business selling Honduran food. But after just a few months, members of an organized crime group began extorting them. When Tunez reported the extortion to Mexican officials, the organized crime group found out, and Tunez and his family found themselves on the run again, this time hoping to seek refuge in the U.S. At the time of his interview, Tunez and his family had been sleeping under a bridge in Reynosa for 10 days.

For Tunez’s wife, Cyndy Cacares, it’s difficult to recount the journey. On May 4, Martínez showed Cacares a portrait he took of her and her son. It immediately brought her to tears. “My dream is to give my son a better life, and try to keep going” she said. “I can’t, I just can’t [talk] anymore.”

“It’s really hard for her to talk about this,” Tunez says. “We’ve suffered a lot on the journey here. It’s hard, and it also makes me want to cry having to recount the story… If myself from years ago saw myself now, he’d see someone very different. I’m here full of fear, full of terror more than anything because this is for my son’s life, my wife’s life.”

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Journey to America Summary and Analysis

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Journey to America

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LookingGlassReview - Journey to America

Estimated Read Time : 2 minutes

Word Count: 516

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Word Count: 138

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Estimated Read Time : 3 minutes

Word Count: 850

More Books by Sonia Levitin

FreeBookNotes has 1 more book by Sonia Levitin, with a total of 2 study guides.

Journey to America: What's Your Story?

Posted by Dan Sigward on March 23, 2017

Every family in the United States originated from somewhere else. From Native Americans who migrated across a land bridge to North America to immigrants who sailed aboard a steamship to Ellis Island, many chose to come to America. Hundreds of thousands of others were brought here against their will aboard slave ships.

Throughout this history, we have debated who should be allowed to come to live here and who may not. Laws and policies regarding immigration and refugee resettlement are important to debate in any country but just as important is the language and rhetoric we use in these debates. Too often, today’s rhetoric reflects a poor understanding of the history of immigration laws, creating distance between our own families’ narratives and the stories of those coming to America today.

Reflecting on my own family history made me consider an important question: How might better understanding the historical context of our own ancestors’ immigration stories affect how we think about the immigration debate today?

My ancestors emigrated from Alsace-Lorraine (a disputed territory between France and Germany) and Ireland within the second half of the 1800s. The reasons that likely motivated them are not much different than those of newcomers who are at the center of today’s debate. German and Irish Catholics were among the largest immigrant groups in the United States in the latter half of the 19th century. Irish immigrants fled famine, poverty, and lack of employment opportunity. Germans fled similar circumstances in addition to social and political unrest in the aftermath of wars. Today’s immigrants and refugees aren’t nameless, faceless hordes, but human beings seeking safety and prosperity just like my ancestors.

Though I don’t know much about my ancestors’ specific circumstances,, there is one detail I’m certain of: they neither broke nor circumvented any immigration laws by entering the United States, because there were no such laws. It is not that German and Irish immigrants were universally welcomed to the United States; they were subject to plenty of anti-Irish and anti-Catholic sentiments. But there were no laws preventing them or anyone else from coming to the United States at the time.

For me to claim that my 19th century ancestors were “legal” immigrants in contrast to today’s “illegal,” undocumented immigrants implies that my ancestors made a moral or ethical choice to “wait in line, follow the law, and play by the rules.” That claim puts distance between “us” and “them” by attempting to distinguish my “morally superior” ancestors from today’s “law-breaking” undocumented immigrants.

The first significant immigration law was the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act, which banned nearly all Chinese immigrants from entering the country. Laws further restricting immigration were enacted in the 1920s in response to the influx of Italians, Eastern Europeans, and Jews in the early 20th century. Soon they began enforcing strict quotas based on national origin, which lasted until 1965. New laws replaced these quotas with preferences based on family relationships, skills, and other factors.

It is impossible for me to know what my ancestors would have chosen to do if faced with restrictions like these designed to keep them out of the United States. Was their desire for safety and opportunity, their longing to live in the United States, so great that they would have sought a way around laws in place to keep them out? Lucky for them, they didn’t have to choose.

This is, perhaps, a question of “ moral luck ,” a topic we explore in the newly revised edition of Holocaust and Human Behavior . Our choices are often constrained by the ways we perceive the options available to us in any particular time, place, and circumstance. Can we praise someone in the past for being virtuously law-abiding when there were no laws conflicting with their goals and no dilemma requiring a moral choice?

My goal is not to minimize the hardships and sacrifices our ancestors endured. To leave behind their home in search of safety, security, and opportunity was no easy endeavor. Whatever policies we decide to implement as a country or society today, we ought to strive to avoid the cruelty that often can result when we think of immigrants as threatening, criminal, or dangerous. Instead, by reflecting on our own stories about how we came to America, we might inject the debate with knowledge, insight, and humility that can help us steer clear of dangerous “us" vs. "them” thinking. This is what I learned from my story. What can you learn from yours? What can your students learn from theirs?

Want to explore the idea of “moral luck” with your students? Check out the reading, “ Moral Luck and Dilemmas of Judgment ,” from our newly revised edition of Holocaust and Human Behavior.

Photo Credit and Caption: The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs: Photography Collection, The New York Public Library. "Immigrants seated on long benches, Main Hall, U.S. Immigration Station." New York Public Library Digital Collections. Accessed March 13, 2017. http://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47da-d8d7-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99

Topics: Immigration , Holocaust and Human Behavior , current events , We and They

Written by Dan Sigward

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Premiered October 1988 As television's longest-running, most-watched history series, American Experience brings to life the incredible characters and epic stories that helped form this nation. Now in its eighteenth season, the series has produced over 180 programs and garnered every major broadcast award. Series release date: 10/1988

Story of immigrants who left their homelands and braved pestilence, extortionists, overcrowded boats and the dreadful possibility of being turned back at Ellis Island. Pledge version fed 11/27/89 1500.

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Journey to America

Escaping the holocaust to freedom/50th anniversary edition with a new afterword from the author.

Anniversary Edition Hardcover
Trade Paperback
Anniversary Edition eBook

Rave and Reviews

About The Book

About the author.

Sonia Levitin, like Lisa Platt, escaped from Germany in the late 1930’s. Among her acclaimed books for young readers are The Mark of Conte and The Return .

Product Details

Publisher: Aladdin (July 21, 2020)
Length: 224 pages
ISBN13: 9781534464636
Grades: 3 - 7
Ages: 8 - 12
Lexile ® 750L The Lexile reading levels have been certified by the Lexile developer, MetaMetrics®
Fountas & Pinnell™ U These books have been officially leveled by using the F&P Text Level Gradient™ Leveling System

Browse Related Books

Age 12 and Up
Lexile ® 691 - 790
Children's Fiction > Family > General
Children's Fiction > Historical > Holocaust
Children's Fiction > Emigration & Immigration

Raves and Reviews

– Publishers Weekly, May 18, 1970

"People being people give Journey to America a special glow."

– Kirkus Reviews, March 20, 1970

“A very moving though never maudlin story with good characterization and a fast pace, this novel will be a definite asset to any collection.”

– School Library Journal, May 1970

“Commendably, neither issues nor ideals intrude on the reader abstractly, but emerge naturally from the human condition portrayed in the story.”

– Booklist, June 1970

Awards and Honors

National Jewish Book Award

Resources and Downloads

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South to America

59 pages • 1 hour read

South to America: A Journey Below the Mason Dixon to Understand the Soul of a Nation

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Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 1, Chapters 1-3

Part 1, Chapters 4-5

Part 2, Chapters 6-8

Part 2, Chapters 9-12

Part 3, Chapters 13-15

Part 3, Chapters 16-18

Key Figures

Index of Terms

Important Quotes

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South to America is an essay collection by Imani Perry , the Hughes-Rogers Professor of African American Studies at Princeton University. The book blends memoir and travelogue with the history and analysis of modern American politics and bigotry, primarily racism. Perry also addresses classism, anti-gay and anti-transgender biases, and misogyny. The author draws on personal experience, history, literature, the arts, and politics to assess the South’s place in the history of the US and its role in contemporary America. As Perry visits Southern states and the South’s subregions, including its cities, she reflects on her personal and family history as a Black American, which she contextualizes within the discussion of larger historical forces, contemporary American issues, and the US’s global position.

The New Yorker listed South to America as one of the best books of 2022, and former President Barack Obama listed it among his favorite books of 2022. The monograph was awarded the National Book Foundation’s highly competitive National Book Award for Nonfiction in 2022.

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Perry argues that the South’s role in shaping the modern US is largely overlooked or misunderstood. To understand the nation’s history, present, and future, one must look to the South . Many revile the region as a bastion of racism and backwardness, but doing so is “a mis-narration of history and American identity” and “a misapprehension of its power in American history” (xix). Black Southerners play an integral role in the making of the US.

Beginning in the Upper South with Appalachia, Perry gradually works her way south, ending in the Caribbean. Her narrative and analysis highlight the nuanced and diverse nature of the South. It is neither a monolith nor homogenous, yet shared experiences—both good and bad—and common cultural practices also unite the region. These commonalities are especially significant for Black Americans.

Despite the terrors of the Jim Crow era and the persistence of modern racism and violence, Black Americans’ joy, hope, and aspirations endured and continue to survive through the creation of art, literature, music, and architecture and the establishment of such communal institutions as grammar schools, churches, and Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs). Perry draws on this diversity of cultural and intellectual production in her memoir, history, and travelogue because it attests to the significance of Black contributions to not only local Black communities but also to the South as a region, the US, and the African diaspora beyond US borders. In this discussion, Perry centers the Bahamas and Cuba, locations to which Black Southerners migrated and from which Black people arrived in the US.

Perry provides numerous examples to support her positions. Black musicians, for instance, invented the genre of rock and roll, which reached popular heights in the US with Elvis Presley’s rise. Presley was an impoverished Tennessean who drew influence from the music and fashion of Memphis’s Beale Street, a historically Black section of the city in the Jim Crow era. Though Presley acknowledged Black musicians’ influence, the extent of their impact and their contributions to the style that made him a worldwide star and wealthy celebrity remain largely uncredited. Shields Green also stands as an example of the erasure of Black people’s roles in historical events. Though Green faced execution for his part in John Brown’s raid on Harpers Ferry, his historical significance is often overlooked; this reflects a common pattern in American history. Finally, Americans view coal miners as “Appalachia’s heroic archetype” (18), but Black miners in West Virginia died of silicosis after they were recruited to blast through Gauley Mountain. They were buried in an open field and forgotten for decades. Today, migrants from Latin America face similar exploitation, and Black Americans such as the congregants of Mother Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church who were murdered by neo-Nazi Dylann Roof in 2015 and George Floyd, who was killed by police violence in Minneapolis in 2020, continue to suffer the consequences of white supremacy .

Perry demonstrates that white supremacy is inherent in the South and, thus, in the US, but she frequently points to the potential for positive change. That change, however, requires truth-telling and acceptance of accurate history, rather than mythmaking. Acknowledging and making this history visible often creates discomfort for white Americans, but confronting reality is essential to progress. Perry considers the South America’s imperfect and contradictory soul.

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The Motorcycle Diaries

Ernesto che guevara, ask litcharts ai: the answer to your questions.

In January 1952, Ernesto Guevara is a medical student in Buenos Aires, Argentina. His friend and fellow medical student, Alberto Granado , suggests that the two of them take a motorcycle trip through South America together, with the ultimate aim of seeing the San Pablo Leper Colony in Peru, in which Alberto is professionally interested. The men repair Alberto’s old motorcycle , which they affectionately and mockingly name “La Poderosa” (“The Powerful”), say goodbye to their families, and set off from Buenos Aires.

The men travel for some days and stop in Miramar, Argentina, to visit Ernesto’s girlfriend, Chichina , and her family. Although he and Alberto are setting out on a youthful adventure, Ernesto finds it hard to tear himself away from the comfort and excitement of his romance. He stays for eight days and gives Chichina a dog named “Comeback,” showing his intention to return to her side (although he never does).

After leaving Chichina and her family, the men cross into Chile, although they have to stop almost every few days because of La Poderosa’s many mechanical failings and accidents. Their frequent stops in rural towns lead them to meet people from all walks of life, from the mechanics who fix the motorcycle to local doctors who take an interest in them and feed and shelter them. They even tell local newspapers that they are leprosy experts (although they’re really medical students); consequently, local communities respect and help them, making for an easy journey.

In the north of Chile, they visit the Chuquicamata copper mine, a huge source of wealth for Chile (although not for its working class), which is run by U.S. mining companies. Guevara notes how dangerous the work is and asks his guide how many people died since the mine’s creation. This experience leads Ernesto to observe the rampant injustice that miners face and the devastation that capitalist industry controlled by foreign companies can inflict on local communities. While camping, Ernesto meets a mining couple who are homeless, having been blacklisted from the mines for their Communist beliefs (which were illegal at the time). Ernesto feels deeply sympathetic to the couple, and he comes to believe that Communism isn’t a dangerous ideology, but rather a natural response to class-based oppression and poor living conditions.

In Peru, La Poderosa finally breaks down for good. Because they now have to hitchhike or work for their passage between cities, the two men spend more time with the working class, especially indigenous farmers and laborers. Ernesto observes that the “Indians” face additional oppression because of their race, even from Europeans who are barely better off economically. Observing the traditional rituals of indigenous peoples, Ernesto is impressed with the strength and resilience of pre-Columbian cultures in the face of centuries of oppression.

Ernesto visits Cuzco and Lima, two cities that are important centers of European power and culture but that also contain the remains of the Inca civilizations that were there before. Ernesto visits ruins of fortresses and castles and is deeply moved by their power and sophistication. By examining these cities’ layers of ancient, colonial, and modern architecture and infrastructure, he demonstrates the European attempt to suppress indigenous culture by erasing evidence that it existed. Ernesto finds it inspiring that indigenous cultural sites and practices have survived these repeated attempts at obliteration, and he views this survival as evidence that the indigenous proletariat can and will rise up to reclaim the political and economic power that is rightfully theirs.

In Lima, Ernesto meets Hugo Pesce , a doctor in charge of the national leprosy program. Pesce helps direct Ernesto’s exploration of the city and he eventually sends Ernesto and Alberto to the San Pablo Leper Colony deep in the Amazon. Ernesto observes the appalling living conditions at the colony, but he is inspired by the work of the doctors and the hopeful attitudes of the patients. Although he is studying to be a doctor and he came to observe the treatment of leprosy as a disease, he writes about the lepers in terms of their political oppression, showing that his thoughts are shifting away from medicine and towards political activism.

After this, the young men travel north to Colombia. In Bogota, they observe conditions under a particularly repressive right-wing regime. Ernesto says that the constant presence of police in civilian life erodes personal dignity, and he predicts (correctly) that these conditions will help foment revolution.

In Caracas, Venezuela, Ernesto and Alberto finally separate. Although the trip has changed and inspired both of them, it changes them differently: Alberto begins to seriously consider a career as a leprologist, while Ernesto abandons the medical profession and begins to develop a Communist ideology.

After Alberto leaves, Ernesto travels by himself through rural villages in Venezuela. Here, he meets an enigmatic European stranger who has fled his own country because of his revolutionary actions (although Ernesto doesn’t specify what these are) and now travels around South America, waiting for the chance to participate in another movement. The stranger tells Ernesto that when revolution comes, it will be huge and “impersonal,” and that the creation of a new, proletarian society will require the sacrifice of many lives.

This prediction inspires Ernesto. At this point, he becomes completely committed not only to Communist ideology, but also to revolution by violence. He says that humankind is divided into “two antagonistic halves,” the oppressor and the oppressed, and he affirms that when it comes time for these groups to battle, “I will be with the people.” Ernesto envisions himself “consumed with fury,” fighting and killing on behalf of the proletariat. Ernesto’s final paragraphs offer the prospect of a society with more justice and equality, but he warns that this new world must be purchased through violence and sacrifice.

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Journey to America

Episode aired Dec 5, 1989

A tribute to the over 12 million immigrants entering the United States between 1890-1920. A tribute to the over 12 million immigrants entering the United States between 1890-1920. A tribute to the over 12 million immigrants entering the United States between 1890-1920.

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Aug 4, 2023
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The Secret Push That Could Ban TikTok

U.s. lawmakers have long worried that the chinese government could use the app to spread propaganda..

This transcript was created using speech recognition software. While it has been reviewed by human transcribers, it may contain errors. Please review the episode audio before quoting from this transcript and email [email protected] with any questions.

From “The New York Times,” I’m Sabrina Tavernise. And this is “The Daily.”

[THEME MUSIC]

American lawmakers have tried for years to ban the video app TikTok over concerns that its ties to China pose a national security risk. Last week, they passed a law that might finally do it. Today, my colleague, Sapna Maheshwari, on the secret effort behind the law and what a ban would mean for the company’s 170 million American users.

It’s Tuesday, April 30.

So Sapna, tell me about this law that just passed that potentially bans the social media app TikTok. We’ve seen efforts in the past to rein in TikTok, but this one really seems like the most substantial yet.

It’s a huge deal. What this law really does is it puts the future of this hugely popular app with 170 million American users into question. TikTok has reshaped the way many people listen to music. It’s changed the way we cook. It’s made a whole different kind of celebrity.

But it’s never been able to shake these concerns around the fact that it has really close ties to China. It’s owned by a Chinese company, ByteDance. And lawmakers, for years, have been worried that the Chinese government could somehow use ByteDance and TikTok to get information on Americans or possibly spread propaganda.

President Trump tried to ban it in 2020. The State of Montana tried to ban this app last year. TikTok has largely survived those challenges, but this time it could actually be banned in the United States.

So let’s talk about this. Why did this effort succeed where the other ones failed?

So it’s an interesting story.

Here we go.

The committee will come to order.

And it really dates back to this hearing about a year ago that Congress had with Shou Chew, the CEO of TikTok.

Mr. Chew, you are here because the American people need the truth about the threat TikTok poses to our national and personal security.

Members of the committee, thank you for your time.

— TikTok has repeatedly said that it has addressed these national security concerns and that there’s no issue here. And you can hear that when Shou Chew testified.

Let me start by addressing a few misconceptions about ByteDance of which we are a subsidiary. ByteDance is not owned or controlled by the Chinese government.

He’s saying American investors are behind ByteDance.

Now, TikTok itself is not available in mainland China. We’re headquartered in Los Angeles and in Singapore.

And I myself am Singaporean. I live in Singapore.

The bottom line is this — American data, stored on American soil, by an American company, overseen by American personnel.

And we are actually going above and beyond what American technology companies do to keep things safe.

And I look forward to your questions. Thank you very much.

And is Congress convinced by that?

Congress is not convinced by that.

ByteDance is a Chinese company?

Well, ByteDance owns many businesses that operates in China.

Is it or is it not a Chinese company?

Congressman, the way we look at it, it was founded by Chinese entrepreneurs.

No, no, no, no. I’m not asking how you look at it. Fact, is it a Chinese company or not? For example, Dell is a company —

It was this really fiery, five-hour hearing, where Republicans and Democrats asked really contentious questions.

We do not promote or remove content at the request of the Chinese government. Will you repeat —

The question is, are you percent certain that they cannot use your company to promote such messages?

It is our commitment to this committee and all our users that we will keep this free from any manipulation by any government.

OK. If you can’t say it 100 percent certain I take that as a no.

There’s this underlying sense of distrust around the company and its ties to China.

I will remind you that making false or misleading statements to Congress is a federal crime.

I understand. Again, you can go on our platform. You will find that content.

And it becomes clear through the hearing that, across the board, Republicans and Democrats largely feel the same way.

Mr. Chew, I got to hand it to you. You’ve actually done something that in the last three to four years has not happened except for the exception of maybe Vladimir Putin. You have unified Republicans and Democrats.

So within weeks of this hearing, this small group of lawmakers gets together. And they say, let’s come up with a law that works where all the other ones have failed and actually make TikTok answer to its Chinese connections once and for all.

So tell me about this small group of lawmakers. Who are they?

So it starts with Republicans. Among them is Steve Scalise, one of the most powerful Republicans in the House. And a small group sort of works together for a few months, but they realize that in order to really make this law work, they’re going to need Democrats. So they end up working through this House Committee that’s focused on China and competition. And this is where the bulk of the work on this bill takes place.

And just to note, this is a really small group. There’s less than 20 key players who are working on this. And all throughout, they are keeping this very, very secret.

And why exactly are they keeping it secret? What’s the point of that?

So this group really wanted to keep this out of the eyes of TikTok, which has a huge lobbying presence in DC, and has successfully worked to kill bills that targeted TikTok in the past. And what they’re really doing is looking at all of the past efforts to either force a sale or a ban of TikTok, and trying to work their way through why those plans didn’t succeed and what they can do differently.

But while the lawmakers are working on this bill, something big happens that kind of changes the politics around it. And that’s October 7.

Your social media feeds are unique to you, but could they be shaping how you view the Israel-Gaza War? The BBC’s —

As the war breaks out and people start getting information about it, a lot of people are getting information about the Israel-Hamas War on TikTok, especially young people.

Social media algorithms seem to be driving some users towards increasingly divisive posts —

And there’s this big messy argument spilling out into living rooms and all over the internet, and, of course on TikTok. And it’s getting very heated. For instance, there’s this moment in the fall where a bunch of TikTok users start sharing this old manifesto.

I read Osama bin Laden’s “Letter to America.”

It’s wild, and everyone should read it.

Go read “A Letter to America.” Seriously, go read it.

That was actually written by Osama bin Laden, defending the 9/11 attacks and criticizing the United States’ support of Israel. TikTok users start trying to tie it to the modern day conflict.

Reading this letter, it becomes apparent to me that the actions of 9/11 were all just the buildup of our government failing other nations.

The way this letter is going viral right now is giving me the greatest sense of relief. Now it’s all coming to light because of Palestine.

And there’s these accusations that TikTok may be promoting one side of the conflict over the other. And a couple of researchers look at hashtags around Palestine, and they say that the data they pulled shows that TikTok is showing way more pro-Palestine videos and not so much for Israel. And this sets off huge alarm bells for this small group of lawmakers.

But isn’t that just a function of the fact that TikTok, at this point, is the public square in the United States for young people? I mean, this is what young people were talking about, and this is where they’re doing the talking.

TikTok has pushed back really forcefully against these accusations. They said that Gallup polls show that young people view Israel differently than older generations. They say that they’re not the ones influencing what people post, that the hashtags and the videos are a reflection of the user base and nothing that they’re doing to influence.

But for lawmakers, this doesn’t really make their concerns go away. Instead, this conflict shows them how TikTok could be used to spread propaganda. It made lawmakers feel that TikTok could be really dangerous when it comes to shaping the views of Americans on foreign policy, on US elections. And what it also does is, it provides this driving force to this group that’s drafting this bill. And they suddenly see that this might be a way to bring more people into their effort.

And so heading into November against this backdrop, they even bring in the White House and the Justice Department to help work on this bill. And with the White House, they want to make sure that this is a bill that the president will support. And they work with the Justice Department to shore up the language in the bill to help defend against court challenges.

Because the Justice Department, of course, would be the one that would have to defend the bill, right?

That’s exactly right. And so they’re trying to make it as rock solid as possible so that they can win in court when TikTok challenges this law. And so March rolls around, and they decide that it’s time to unveil this bill that they’ve been working on for close to a year.

The battle over TikTok on Capitol Hill is intensifying.

This morning, House lawmakers have agreed unanimously to move a bill to a full floor vote.

And TikTok is caught completely flat footed. They didn’t see this coming. And this is just what the group wanted. So TikTok has this army of lobbyists that’s suddenly scrambling. And they go into damage control mode. They start reaching out to members of Congress.

This app is so much more than just an app for dumb TikTok dances.

They fly a group of TikTok stars and small businesses to come to DC —

This is a life-changing apps.

— and lobby on the steps of the Capitol and meet with lawmakers.

Standing up here with all these amazing TikTokers behind me is a complete honor, and every single one of them would voice their opinion just like this. This is how we feel. This has to stop.

They set up interviews between these TikTok creators, as they’re known, and big TV shows and news programs. And they’re doing everything they can to fight against this bill before it goes any further. And then they decide to do something unusual, which is use TikTok itself to try and derail this bill.

How exactly do they do that?

So days after this bill is announced, a ton of TikTok users get a message when they open the TikTok app that basically says, call Congress and tell them not to ban TikTok.

Hmm. OK. So like, literally this window comes up and says, call Congress. Here you go.

Exactly. You can enter your zip code, and there’s a button that appears. And you can press it, and the call goes straight to your representative.

So offices are quickly overwhelmed by calls. And TikTok sent out this message to users on the same day that a House committee is going into vote on this bill and whether to move it forward. And so the stunt happens. They go into vote, and they come out, and it’s 50 to 0 in support of the bill.

One of the representatives who worked on the bill said that this stunt by TikTok turned a lot of no’s into yeses and yeses into, quote, “hell yeses.”

[LAUGHS]: so the whole episode sounds like it actually backfired, right? Like, TikTok’s stunt essentially just confirmed what was the deepest fears of lawmakers about this company, that the app could be used to influence American politics.

That’s definitely how a lot of lawmakers viewed it. And when this bill is brought to the full House a week later, it passes by an overwhelming majority. And weeks later, it passes in the Senate as part of a broader aid package. And on Wednesday, it’s signed into law by President Biden.

But now the question is, what does it mean? Like, how will this actually work? And how will it affect the tens of millions of Americans who use TikTok every day?

[MUSIC PLAYING]

We’ll be right back.

So Sapna, now that Biden has signed this bill, what does it actually mean in practice for TikTok? What does the law do?

So the law is really trying to push ByteDance, the company that owns TikTok, to sell to a non-Chinese owner. And the company basically has nine months for this sale to happen. There’s an option for President Biden to add another three months to that clock. And if the company doesn’t find a buyer or refuses to be sold, it will be banned.

And what would a ban actually mean, Sapna? I mean, people would still have the app on their phones, right? So it wouldn’t disappear overnight.

Yeah, no one’s coming to pick up your phone and to forcibly delete this thing. What the law says is that app stores and web hosting services wouldn’t be allowed to carry TikTok anymore. So basically, it would kind of die a slow death over time, where it wouldn’t be updated and just kind of peter out.

So the bottom line here is that the clock has started on this potential sale, right? They have 12 months to find a buyer. So what are the obstacles here? I mean, it sounds pretty ferociously complicated.

There’s a ton of challenges here. And it’s a very messy choose-your-own adventure. So one of the first big questions is who could buy this?

ByteDance and TikTok are private. We don’t know their financials. But analysts estimate that it will cost tens of billions of dollars. That narrows the buying pool pretty quickly. And a lot of the companies that could afford to buy it, like Meta, the owner of Facebook, or Google, which owns YouTube, would probably be kicked out of the running because they are simply too big. Regulators would say, you already own these big apps. You can’t possibly add this to your stable.

There’d be a monopoly concern there.

Exactly. And then, there’s a lot of questions around how this would work, technically. ByteDance and TikTok are very much global organizations. You have the CEO in Singapore. They have huge operations in Ireland. They have this big workforce in the US. And of course, they do have engineers in China.

So how do you extract all those things, make it all work? It’s a very big international transaction.

And then there is the chance that the Chinese government blocks this sale and says, you cannot do this, ByteDance. We will not allow it.

So Sapna, how does that actually work, though, in terms of China? I mean, can China actually just ban the sale of this company? I mean, it is a private company after all, right?

Well, here’s one way it could work. The Chinese government could block the export of TikTok’s algorithm. And let me explain that in kind of plain English.

They could basically block the technology that fuels the TikTokiness of this app, the recommendations, the magic of it, why you see what you see when you’re looking at TikTok.

TikTokiness, is that an adjective?

That is now an adjective.

[LAUGHS]: Nice.

And there’s a chance that Beijing could say, hey, you can’t export this technology. That is proprietary. And if that happens, that suddenly makes TikTok way, way less valuable.

So the Chinese government could let the sale go through potentially, but as a kind of an empty shell, right? The thing that makes TikTok TikTok, the algorithm, wouldn’t be part of the company. So that probably isn’t very appealing for a potential buyer.

Exactly. And I mean, the role of the Chinese government here is really interesting. I’ve talked to experts who say, well, if the Chinese government interferes to try and block a sale of this app, doesn’t that underscore and prove all the concerns that have been expressed by American lawmakers?

If you’re worried about China being in control of this thing, well, that just confirmed your fears.

Exactly. And I mean, it’s an interesting thing that ByteDance and TikTok have to grapple with.

So bottom line here — selling TikTok is quite complicated, and perhaps not even possible for these reasons that you’re giving, right? I mean, not least of which because the Chinese government might not allow the algorithm to leave the country. And that’s not something that the US Congress has a lot of control over.

So is this law fundamentally just a ban, then?

That’s what TikTok is calling it. Right after this bill was signed into law on Wednesday —

Make no mistake, this is a ban, a ban on TikTok and a ban on you and your voice.

— Tiktok’s CEO made a TikTok — what else?— that explained the company’s position.

Because the freedom of expression on TikTok reflects the same American values that make the United States a beacon of freedom.

He actually argued that TikTok reflects American values.

TikTok gives everyday Americans a powerful way to be seen and heard. And that’s why so many people have made TikTok part of their daily lives.

And he said that this law infringes on the First Amendment free speech rights of Americans who love it and who use it every day.

The facts and the Constitution are on our side, and we expect to prevail again.

So it’s very clear that TikTok plans to challenge this law in court. And the court fight to follow will determine the fate of TikTok’s future in the US.

So is that First Amendment argument that the TikTok CEO is making here going to work?

Nobody wants to put money on that. I mean, the company is really approaching this with the idea that the First Amendment rights of Americans are being infringed on. But if you remember, the government has been working on this law. They’ve been anticipating those challenges. And they can justify an infringing of First Amendment rights in certain cases, including with national security concerns. And so it’ll be up to a judge on whether those concerns pass muster and justify this sale and even a potential ban of TikTok.

Got it. So TikTok will argue free speech, First Amendment. And the government will counter by saying, look, this is about China. This is about America’s national security interests.

That’s right. And the legal experts that I’ve spoken with say this is a really big and sticky area of the law, and it’s a huge case. And they really think that this will go to the Supreme Court, regardless of who wins in the first round of this.

So where does that leave the millions of Americans who use TikTok, and many of them, of course, who earn a living on the platform?

I mean, it’s really uncertain what happens now with the company, and the clock has started ticking. When I’ve looked at TikTok and looked at videos from users —

This is about the impending TikTok ban. And it just triggered me so much. It makes my blood boil, and I have to get this out there.

There’s a lot of shock —

The most success I’ve had has been here on TikTok, and now they’re trying to take it away.

This is so stupid!

— and anger.

You can’t ban apps! You can’t ban things from people!

People are confused.

Word on the street is that in the next 9 to 12 months, TikTok could be banned.

And they’re also caught a bit off guard, just because there have been these years of efforts to do something about TikTok. People on the app have been hearing about a TikTok ban, really, since 2020.

The government can take away a literal app on our phones, and we’re supposed to believe we’re free?

A few TikTokers have said, how can this be the thing that the government is pushing through so quickly?

Can we stop funding a genocide? No. Can we get free COVID tests? No. Can we stop killing the planet? No. Can we at least watch videos on an app of people doing fun things and learn about the world around us? No.

So there’s this sense of distrust and disappointment for many people who love this app.

We got rid of TikTok. You’re welcome. Protecting you from China. You know that phone was made in China. Ah!

And I think there’s also this question, too, around what about TikTok makes it so harmful? Even though it has increasingly become a place for news, there’s plenty of people who simply use this app for entertainment. And what they’re seeing out of Washington just doesn’t square with the reality they experience when they pull out their phones.

And I wonder, Sapna, I mean, just kind of stepping back for a second, let’s say this ban on TikTok succeeds. If it goes through, would Americans be better off?

It depends who you ask. For the users who love TikTok, if it actually disappeared, it would be the government taking away a place where maybe they make money, where they get their entertainment, where they figure out what to read or what to cook next. To free speech advocates, this would be dystopian, unheard of for the government to crack down on an app with such wide usage by Americans.

But for the American political class And the National security establishment, this is a necessary move, one that was years in the making, not something that was just come up with on the fly. And ultimately, it all comes down to China and this idea that you can’t have a social media app like this, a source of news like this, that is even at all at risk of being influenced by the Chinese government and our greatest adversaries.

Sapna, thank you.

Here’s what else you should know today. On Monday, in its latest high-profile showdown with pro-Palestinian protesters, Columbia University gave students until 2:00 PM to clear out from an encampment at the center of campus or face suspension. It appeared to be an effort to remove the encampment without relying on New York City Police, whose removal of a previous encampment there two weeks ago inspired similar protests on campuses across the country.

Free Palestine!

Hi, this is Sharon Otterman reporting for “The New York Times.”

00 PM deadline for protesters to clear out of the encampment at the center of Columbia University has come and gone, and there’s still quite a large contingent inside the encampment.

But Monday’s warning seemed only to galvanize the Columbia protesters and their supporters.

And hundreds of students and others from around the campus have come out to support them. They are currently walking around in a picket around the encampment.

Hundreds of students, standing for or five people deep, encircled the encampment in a show of solidarity. They were joined by members of the Columbia faculty.

There’s also dozens of faculty members, who are prepared to stand in lines in front of the main entrance to the encampment, in case Public Safety or the NYPD move in. But as of 2:00, there was no sign of that happening.

Then, on Monday evening, Columbia announced it had begun to suspend students who had failed to leave the encampment. It was unclear exactly how many students had been suspended.

[PRO-PALESTINE CHANTING]:

Today’s episode was produced by Will Reid, Rachelle Banja, and Rob Szypko. It was edited by Marc Georges and Liz O. Baylen, contains original music by Dan Powell and Marion Lozano, and was engineered by Chris Wood. Our theme music is by Jim Brunberg and Ben Landsverk of Wonderly. Special thanks to Sharon Otterman.

That’s it for “The Daily.” I’m Sabrina Tavernise. See you tomorrow.

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Produced by Will Reid , Rachelle Bonja and Rob Szypko

Edited by Marc Georges and Liz O. Baylen

Original music by Marion Lozano and Dan Powell

Engineered by Chris Wood

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American lawmakers have tried for years to ban TikTok, concerned that the video app’s links to China pose a national security risk.

Sapna Maheshwari, a technology reporter for The Times, explains the behind-the-scenes push to rein in TikTok and discusses what a ban could mean for the app’s 170 million users in the United States.

On today’s episode

Sapna Maheshwari , who covers TikTok, technology and emerging media companies for The New York Times.

With the U.S. Capitol building in the background, a group of people holding up signs are gathered on a lawn.

Background reading

A tiny group of lawmakers huddled in private about a year ago, aiming to bulletproof a bill that could ban TikTok.

The TikTok law faces court challenges, a shortage of qualified buyers and Beijing’s hostility .

Love, hate or fear it, TikTok has changed America .

There are a lot of ways to listen to The Daily. Here’s how.

We aim to make transcripts available the next workday after an episode’s publication. You can find them at the top of the page.

Special thanks to Sharon Otterman .

The Daily is made by Rachel Quester, Lynsea Garrison, Clare Toeniskoetter, Paige Cowett, Michael Simon Johnson, Brad Fisher, Chris Wood, Jessica Cheung, Stella Tan, Alexandra Leigh Young, Lisa Chow, Eric Krupke, Marc Georges, Luke Vander Ploeg, M.J. Davis Lin, Dan Powell, Sydney Harper, Mike Benoist, Liz O. Baylen, Asthaa Chaturvedi, Rachelle Bonja, Diana Nguyen, Marion Lozano, Corey Schreppel, Rob Szypko, Elisheba Ittoop, Mooj Zadie, Patricia Willens, Rowan Niemisto, Jody Becker, Rikki Novetsky, John Ketchum, Nina Feldman, Will Reid, Carlos Prieto, Ben Calhoun, Susan Lee, Lexie Diao, Mary Wilson, Alex Stern, Dan Farrell, Sophia Lanman, Shannon Lin, Diane Wong, Devon Taylor, Alyssa Moxley, Summer Thomad, Olivia Natt, Daniel Ramirez and Brendan Klinkenberg.

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Sapna Maheshwari reports on TikTok, technology and emerging media companies. She has been a business reporter for more than a decade. Contact her at [email protected] . More about Sapna Maheshwari

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Journey to America

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American rust season 2 ending explained.

The ending of American Rust season 2 has major consequences for Del (Jeff Daniels), Grace (Maura Tierney), and Billy (Alex Neustaedter).

Warning: This article contains spoilers for American Rust season 2.

American Rust season 2 ends with shocking twists and cliffhangers, leaving the fates of beloved characters up in the air.
Lee is killed by Russell, while Grace kills Steve.
In the end, a mysterious gunshot leaves a question of whether Grace, Del, and others will return for season 3, provided the show is renewed.

American Rust season 2's ending comes with surprises and cliffhangers, leaving the fates of several beloved characters up in the air. Season 2 begins with a seemingly new case that brings back familiar American Rust characters Del, Grace, and everyone in their orbit as they pick up the pieces from season 1. Del is still holding on to the triple homicide he committed , while Steve's suspicions about his former colleague continue to grow.

As the case intensifies, it becomes clear that there could be ties to the past and that Grace and Del could be part of a bigger mystery than first thought. Grace feels like she has to protect Del because he saved her, so a dynamic shift sends their storyline in a fresh new direction. However, nothing can prepare Del and Grace for the bloodshed in the bombshell-filled American Rust season 2 finale.

Where Is American Rust Set? Buell, PA And Filming Locations Explained

Did del die at the end of american rust season 2, jeff daniels has played del since the series premiere.

Del has cheated death on countless occasions, but everything comes to a head at the end of American Rust season 2 when he, Grace, Billy, and Isaac are in Fisher's crosshairs. The corrupt cop has returned to tie up loose ends, and Del is one of them. Thanks to American Rust 's love of cliffhangers, the season ends with little resolution on that front.

Billy notices the red light from the gun and heads outside to neutralize the threat, but a shot rings out, leaving questions about whether Del, Billy, Grace, or Fisher were shot. It's a compelling hook and one that could change the show forever if it plans to follow through on killing another big character.

Who Did Grace Kill in American Rust Season 2’s Ending?

Grace makes a shocking decision to save del.

Grace almost dies at the end of American Rust season 1 and feels like she owes her life to Del because he is the reason she was saved. Steve's determination to get a confession out of Del about the triple homicide forces him to go along with Del and Grace to Lee's home when questions about her safety arise. In one of the series' biggest shockers, Del reveals all about the triple homicide to Steve, who is recording everything.

Just when it seems like the jig is up and Steve is about to get resolution and serve justice, Grace pulls the trigger and kills Steve in cold blood. The decision forever changes Grace because even though she's been critical of Del's actions in the past, she's now done the thing she despises Del for the most. It puts the pair on the same playing field ahead of a potential American Rust season 3 .

Did Steve’s Partner Survive American Rust Season 2?

Del and grace's nightmare is far from over.

Just when Del and Grace start to think that chapter is closed, American Rust reveals Steve's partner survived the shootout and has the confession and the truth that Grace turned the gun on Steve. Del and Grace are blissfully unaware of this development at the end of American Rust season 2, but it means the pair could have much bigger problems, depending on what the surviving officer will do with the information.

Grace's decision to pull the trigger is a turning point for her character. It's hard to imagine both her and Del escaping from this one unscathed, but Maura Tierney and Jeff Daniels bring this fraught dynamic to life so flawlessly that the show wouldn't feel the same without it. Despite some big differences about how they should approach things, they're now more tethered together than ever. The dynamic duo will have much explaining to do if Steve's partner wakes up at the hospital. Knowing American Rust, the storyline will go in a vastly different direction.

Who Killed Lee in American Rust Season 2’s Ending?

Lee's journey comes to a dramatic close.

Another character is killed off in the American Rust season 2 finale. Sadly, it's Lee. After spending the season meddling and asking questions about Landwill Energy's operations, Russell forces his way into her home to kill her and destroy all the evidence she has about the company's sketchy dealings. It's a harrowing development.

Del and Grace turn to Steve to ask him to come to the house out of concern for her safety. Had Russell not set out to kill Lee, there's a good chance Steve would still be alive, and Del wouldn't have been forced to reveal his part in the triple homicide.

How American Rust Season 2’s Ending Sets Up a Possible Season 3

There is plenty of potential for american rust season 3.

American Rust season 2 ends with countless cliffhangers that set up a potential American Rust season 3. Given that American Rust was initially canceled after one season and subsequently saved by Prime Video, it's a risky strategy to leave so much up in the air. It's possible the creatives believe a twisty finale is the best way to get people to make some noise to keep the show alive.

Undoubtedly, the biggest set up for American Rust season 3 is Grace killing Steve . Now that Grace has killed someone, there's a question of whether the guilt will eat away at her or if she'll feel compelled to kill again if pushed. There's also that chance that Del won't pull through Fisher's attempt on his life. Grace would have a lot to contend with if she's forced to face murder charges, as well as losing Del or Billy.

If Del survives, there's also the chance that he will be forced to pay for his crimes. Steve's partner's survival is sure to throw a spanner in the works if everyone escapes from the cliffhanger unscathed. American Rust likes to subvert expectations, so there's truly no telling where things will go next.

The Real Meaning of American Rust Season 2’s Ending Explained

American rust season 2's ending leaves a lot up in the air.

For a show that consistently puts its characters in harm's way, American Rust showcases how good it can be with its season 2 finale . With so many storylines reaching natural endpoints, the slate has essentially been wiped clean to bring in some big changes. Del and Grace have gotten away with so much throughout American Rust' s first two seasons, and the only way forward is to finally face the consequences of their actions.

Without consequences, there are no stakes. Luckily, the ending of American Rust season 2 sets the stage for everything Del and Grace have been hiding to come to the surface in ways that will challenge their expectations. That's one of the ways American Rust season 3 could be worthwhile, provided the show is renewed.

All 10 episodes of American Rust s eason 2 are available to stream on Prime Video.

American Rust

*Availability in US

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Set in a small Rust Belt town in Pennsylvania, "American Rust" is a gritty drama series that delves into the lives of the town's inhabitants as they grapple with poverty, drug addiction, and the remnants of the American dream. Jeff Daniels stars as the town's compromised chief of police, who finds himself torn between his duty and his loyalty to those he loves when a murder case emerges, threatening to unveil the community's dark secrets.

COMMENTS

Journey to America (Journey to America, #1) by Sonia Levitin
Journey to America is an adventurous, breathtaking, intense, novel. This book is recommended for boys and girls from ages 10-13. It is al little bit about the holocaust so knowing about the Holocaust will come in handy.
JOURNEY TO AMERICA
JOURNEY TO AMERICA ESCAPING THE HOLOCAUST TO FREEDOM/50TH ANNIVERSARY EDITION WITH A NEW AFTERWORD FROM THE AUTHOR. ... Lisa's father has already left for America, and soon it will be time for the rest of the family to follow him. Told in the first-person point of view of middle sister Lisa, this is a plot-driven, fast-paced story for middle ...
Journey to America
Your First Name. Birth Month. Zip Code. State. Journey to America by Sonia Levitin - A beautifully repackaged 50th anniversary edition of Sonia Levitin's powerful classic story about a young Jewish girl f...
Journey to America Paperback
Journey to America. Paperback - Illustrated, April 30, 1987. In 1938, Lisa Platt and her family know something dangerous is happening in Germany. Lately, there have been more and more restrictions for Jews: yellow stars they have to wear, schools they cannot attend, things they are forbidden to do.
Journey to America
Books. Journey to America. Sonia Levitin. Simon and Schuster, Apr 30, 1987 - Juvenile Fiction - 160 pages. It's 1938, and terrible things are happening in Germany. Jews are being hounded with no laws: you must a wear a yellow star on your clothing; you cannot attend this school; you cannot go here...or there. The Nazis are in charge.
The Migration Journey Continues Despite U.S. Border Policy
By Fiscal Year 2014, the number of Central American migrants surpassed those from Mexico for the first time in history. Still, migration to the U.S.-Mexico border is constantly evolving .
Journey to America Summary and Analysis
Summary and Analysis. Buy From Amazon. FreeBookNotes found 4 sites with book summaries or analysis of Journey to America. If there is a Journey to America SparkNotes, Shmoop guide, or Cliff Notes, you can find a link to each study guide below. Among the summaries and analysis available for Journey to America, there is 4 Book Reviews.
Journey to America : Levitin, Sonia, 1934- : Free Download, Borrow, and
Journey to America by Levitin, Sonia, 1934-; Robinson, Charles, 1931- illus. Publication date 1970 Topics Jews, World War, 1939-1945, Jews, World War, 1939-1945 Publisher New York, Atheneum Collection printdisabled; internetarchivebooks; americana Contributor Internet Archive Language English.
Journey to America (1989)
Journey to America: Directed by Charles Guggenheim. Depicts the migration of European immigrants to America between 1890 and 1920, chronicling their arrival at Ellis Island and their settlements in major areas such as New York, Pennsylvania and Chicago.
Book Review: 'South to America,' by Imani Perry
Jan. 25, 2022. SOUTH TO AMERICA. A Journey Below the Mason-Dixon to Understand the Soul of a Nation. By Imani Perry. At the start of "South to America," Imani Perry implores the reader ...
Journey to America
A tribute to the over 12 million men, women and children who made the torturous journey from the old world to the new between 1890 and 1920. From the time these pilgrims left their homeland, they were beset by thieves, extortionists, and stopped by authorities at border crossings.
Journey to America: What's Your Story?
From Native Americans who migrated across a land bridge to North America to immigrants who sailed aboard a steamship to Ellis Island, many chose to come to America. Hundreds of thousands of others were brought here against their will aboard slave ships. Throughout this history, we have debated who should be allowed to come to live here and who ...
American Experience; Journey To America
Journey To America. Program Number. 210. Series Description. Premiered October 1988 As television's longest-running, most-watched history series, American Experience brings to life the incredible characters and epic stories that helped form this nation. Now in its eighteenth season, the series has produced over 180 programs and garnered every ...
Journey to America : Levitin, Sonia, 1934- : Free Download, Borrow, and
Journey to America by Levitin, Sonia, 1934-Publication date 1970 Topics Jews -- Germany -- History -- 1933-1945 -- Juvenile fiction, World War, 1939-1945 -- Refugees -- Juvenile fiction, Jews, Refugees, Germany Publisher New York : Scholastic Book Services Collection printdisabled; internetarchivebooks Contributor
Journey to America (1989)
Journey to America (1989) - Plot summary, synopsis, and more... Menu. Movies. ... Depicts the migration of European immigrants to America between 1890 and 1920, chronicling their arrival at Ellis Island and their settlements in major areas such as New York, Pennsylvania and Chicago.
Journey to America
Please specify your subject area (s): Journey to America by Sonia Levitin - A beautifully repackaged 50th anniversary edition of Sonia Levitin's powerful classic story about a young Jewish girl f...
South to America Summary and Study Guide
South to America is an essay collection by Imani Perry, the Hughes-Rogers Professor of African American Studies at Princeton University.The book blends memoir and travelogue with the history and analysis of modern American politics and bigotry, primarily racism. Perry also addresses classism, anti-gay and anti-transgender biases, and misogyny. The author draws on personal experience, history ...
The Motorcycle Diaries by Ernesto Che Guevara Plot Summary
The Motorcycle Diaries Summary. In January 1952, Ernesto Guevara is a medical student in Buenos Aires, Argentina. His friend and fellow medical student, Alberto Granado, suggests that the two of them take a motorcycle trip through South America together, with the ultimate aim of seeing the San Pablo Leper Colony in Peru, in which Alberto is ...
"American Experience" Journey to America (TV Episode 1989)
Journey to America: A tribute to the over 12 million immigrants entering the United States between 1890-1920.
The Secret Push That Could Ban TikTok
American lawmakers have tried for years to ban the video app TikTok over concerns that its ties to China pose a national security risk. Last week, they passed a law that might finally do it. Today ...
Journey to America : Levitin, Sonia, 1934- : Free Download, Borrow, and
Journey to America by Levitin, Sonia, 1934-Publication date 1987 Topics World War (1939-1945), Jews, World War, 1939-1945, Refugees, World War, 1939-1945, Jews, Refugees Publisher New York : Scholastic Collection printdisabled; internetarchivebooks Contributor Internet Archive Language
American Rust Season 2 Ending Explained
American Rust season 2's ending comes with surprises and cliffhangers, leaving the fates of several beloved characters up in the air. Season 2 begins with a seemingly new case that brings back familiar American Rust characters Del, Grace, and everyone in their orbit as they pick up the pieces from season 1. Del is still holding on to the triple homicide he committed, while Steve's suspicions ...

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