themes in tourism

This report covers the key technology, industry, macroeconomic, and ESG themes that will have a significant impact on travel and tourism in 2024. Whether you are looking to invest, gain competitive intelligence, or just become more familiar with one of these themes, this report provides a comprehensive analysis of each one, while also outlining how these themes interlink, making this report a must-read.

This report pinpoints the themes that are most likely to impact your financial performance and position in the market. Each theme is given an in-depth description, an explanation as to why it is important in travel and tourism, data-led analysis, and case studies on how it is being used in different tourism sectors.

Key Highlights

The tourism sector will be very different in 2024 from what it was in 2019. Prolonged movement restrictions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic brought about shifts in business operations and goals, as well as traveler behavior and preferences. During COVID-19, remote working and online conferences became more prevalent, and digital tools began to be used more than before, by both businesses and individuals.

A strong online presence is now vital for travel and tourism companies, and this needs to be bolstered by innovative apps, AI. Travel apps are commonly becoming a one-stop-shop for the whole travel journey. Furthermore, the rise of the web-based marketplace for travel has allowed companies to harness greater consumer data to deliver more personalized offerings.

Report Features

• Understand the travel and tourism trends that will escalate in the near future.
• Assess how travel and tourism companies such as tour operators, OTAs and DMOs are utilizing these themes to drive revenues.
• Acknowledge the potential challenges that will be faced by companies involved in these themes by understanding the social, cultural, and environmental effects on the destination.
• Discover recommendations for businesses involved in these themes.
• The publisher's thematic research ecosystem is a single, integrated global research platform that provides an easy-to-use framework for tracking all themes across all companies in all sectors. It has a proven track record of identifying the important themes early, enabling companies to make the right investments ahead of the competition, and secure that all-important competitive advantage.
• All across the travel and tourism supply chain, companies now have an opportunity to capitalize on what the publisher considers to be the most impactful themes on the travel and tourism industry in 2024, and there are notable examples of this. Therefore, all should buy this report to fully understand how this theme will continue to be a key theme in the future travel landscape.

Key Topics Covered:

• Executive Summary
• Travel & Tourism Theme Map
• Technology Themes
• Artificial intelligence
• Cybersecurity
• Industry Themes
• The experience economy
• Niche tourism
• Online travel & travel apps
• Personalization
• The sharing economy
• Macro Themes
• Geopolitics
• Sector Scorecards
• Airlines sector scorecard
• Airports sector scorecard
• Attraction operators sector scorecard
• Lodging sector scorecard
• Rail and road transport sector scorecard
• Travel intermediaries sector scorecard

A selection of companies mentioned in this report includes

• AirFrance KLM
• American Airlines Group
• Ardent Leisure
• Avis Budget
• Best Western
• Black Tomato
• Booking Holdings
• Central Japan Railway Company
• China Eastern Airlines
• China Southern Airlines
• Choice Hotels
• Compagnie des Alpes
• Delta Airlines
• Didi Chuxing
• DXB Entertainments
• East Japan Railway Company
• Enterprise Holdings
• Europa Park
• Flight Centre Travel Group
• Four Seasons
• G Adventures
• Genting Malaysia
• GetYourGuide
• Hays Travel
• Hyatt Hotels
• Indian Railways
• InterContinental Hotels
• Intrepid Group
• LATAM Airlines
• Lonely Planet
• Mandarin Oriental
• Marriott Internaitonal
• Merlin Entertainments
• MGM Resorts
• Minor Hotels
• National Express
• On the Beach
• Oriental Land
• Parques Reunidos
• PortAventura
• Qatar Airways
• Radisson Hotel Group
• Royal Caribbean International
• Secret Escapes
• Shanghai Jin Jiang
• Southest Airlines
• TripAdvisor
• Turkish Airlines
• United Airlines
• Walt Disney
• Wyndham Hotels & Resort

For more information about this report visit https://www.researchandmarkets.com/r/yazwwb

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Key Themes in Travel and Tourism for 2023 - Thematic Intelligence

• December 2022
• Region: Global
• ID: 5714540
• Description

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• Companies Mentioned

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Key Highlights

• The prolonged war in Ukraine and additional travel restrictions for Russian tourists across Europe will impact key markets and slow tourism recovery. Russia and Ukraine account for a relatively large share of outbound tourism trips and expenditure. The absence of both of these markets, amid COVID-19 recovery could be detrimental for some countries, especially as the loss of these source markets is likely to be protracted. Greater challenges are apparent as a by-product of the conflict. The outlook for global growth continues to deteriorate as inflation continues to creep upwards, despite some easing in commodity and oil prices in recent months. Against this backdrop, consumers are exhibiting significant apprehension about their personal finances and specific concerns about rising levels of inflation, all of which will impact shopping habits and spending confidence. According to a publisher Survey, xx% of global respondents are extremely concerned about the impact of inflation on their household budget. A further xx% of respondents reported being quite concerned, while x% reported being slightly concerned.
• Travel and tourism are intrinsically linked to the environment, biodiversity and nature. It is important to accept that ESG (environmental, social, governance) is here to stay. Key players in the global tourism sector have already embarked on the journey to adjust strategy, business and operating models accordingly. Indicative of this, ESG was the most mentioned theme in travel and tourism company filings in 2021, with 101,062 mentions, following a 29% YoY growth in ESG mentions from 78,293 in 2020. Of the ESG pillars, environmental was the most mentioned pillar in 2021, having overtaken governance with 40,461 environmental mentions, according to the publisher's Company Filing Analytics. Further, growing consumer awareness on the impact of travel on nature and communities will increasingly influence travelers' decision making when deciding how, where and when to travel. According to a publisher Consumer Survey, xx% of global respondents consider ‘sustainable/environmentally friendly features' as essential or nice to have when making a purchase. Therefore, businesses and governments in tourism need to be aware of the chances and opportunities ESG policies offer to eventually cater to shifting consumer demands and help ensure long term success.
• Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, online travel retail sales were growing at a phenomenal rate driven by both consumers and companies migrating to online platforms. In the decade from 2009 to 2019, global online travel sales increased by xx% from $xx billion in 2009 to $xx trillion in 2019. By 2025, online travel retail sales are forecast to reach $xx trillion. As tourists more heavily rely on online channels to make their travel decisions and purchases, this has given travel and tourism companies greater customer data to collect, process and analyze in order to deliver personalized products and services. With more travelers using online resources and channels to make their travel decisions, this will continue the expansion of personalization as a major theme within the travel and tourism sector.
• This report provides an overview of the key themes in travel and tourism for 2023.
• This report clearly defines and explains what the key technology, macroeconomic and industry themes are in travel and tourism and how they often interlink.
• This report outlines the importance of specific themes within tourism and why it is vital that companies invest in the ones which are relevant to them.
• This report provides examples of what companies and organizations in the travel and tourism industry are doing in response to specific key themes, along with the outcome of these reactions.
• We highlight travel and tourism companies that are leading in these themes, such as Trip.com, Airbnb, Fraport Airport, American Airlines, Choice Hotels, Melia Hotels, Intrepid Travel and Marriott International.

Reasons to Buy

• To understand the key themes in travel and tourism and their current and future impact on the industry.
• To recognize how the key themes in travel and tourism are often interlinked.
• To assess companies' level of engagement with the themes.
• To become aware of the strategies that tourism companies and organizations have adopted to tap into key themes, as well as the success of these strategies.
• The publisher's thematic research ecosystem is a single, integrated global research platform that provides an easy-to-use framework for tracking all themes across all companies in all sectors. It has a proven track record of identifying the important themes early, enabling companies to make the right investments ahead of the competition, and secure that all-important competitive advantage.
• Travel and Tourism's Theme Map
• Technology Themes
• Artificial intelligence
• Cloud computing
• Cybersecurity
• Macroeconomic Themes
• China outlook
• Geopolitics
• Industry Themes
• Experience economy
• Online travel
• Personalization
• Sector Scorecards
• Airport sector scorecard
• Airline sector scorecard
• Attraction operator sector scorecard
• Lodging sector scorecard
• Rail and road transport sector scorecard
• Travel intermediaries sector scorecard
• Further Reading
• Thematic Research Methodology
• About the Publisher
• Contact the Publisher

Companies Mentioned (Partial List)

A selection of companies mentioned in this report includes, but is not limited to:

• Marriott International
• Melia Hotels
• Intrepid Travel
• G Adventures
• Cathay Pacific
• Booking Holdings
• Fraport Airport
• British Airways
• Walt Disney
• Choice Hotels
• Princess Cruises
• Kerala Tourism
• Royal Caribbean International
• China Eastern Airlines
• China Southern Airlines
• Carnival Corporation
• American Airlines
• Hilton Hotels
• Travel And Tourism

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• January 2024

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Tourism Source Market By Booking Channel, By Tourist Type: Global Opportunity Analysis and Industry Forecast, 2023-2032

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Present and prospective research themes for tourism and hospitality education post-COVID19: A bibliometric analysis

Dileep menon.

a Amrita School of Business, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, India

b School of Commerce, NMIMS University, Hyderabad, India

Sangeetha Gunasekar

Saurabh kumar dixit.

c Department of Tourism and Hotel Management, North-Eastern Hill University, India

d Xavier School of Communication, Xavier University Bhubaneswar, Plot No. 12 (A), Nijigadakurki, Harirajpur, District- Puri, Odisha, 752050, India

Shantanu Mandal

e Department of Business Analytics, GITAM Institute of Management, GITAM (Deemed -to Be University) Rushikonda, Vishakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh-530045, India

Academic research in tourism and hospitality sector adds value directly to the way the industry grows and develops. Scholars in this area struggle with the pressures to publish in high ranking journals. The present study attempts to help doctoral students and tourism educators in identifying emerging themes in the tourism and hospitality arising out after COVID-19 pandemic. Using bibliometric analysis, five broad areas of emerging research themes are identified. Such research would further help managers, tourism related state administrators, and firm owners to recover from the devastating impact of COVID-19 on the industry across the world.

1. Introduction

Given the pressures to ‘publish or perish’ for early career researchers ( Ertaş & Kozak, 2020 ) and for doctoral students to show a strong publication track record by publishing in high-quality journals before graduation ( Carr& Hayes, 2017 ) requires academically oriented research scholars to constantly stay relevant. This is no different for students of the hospitality and tourism industry. The most relevant research in the current scenario is studies related to COVID-19 impact. The outbreak of the current unprecedented pandemic has significantly impacted the tourism and hospitality sector ( Gössling, Scott, & Hall, 2020 ).

Scholars all over the world are trying to make sense of this pandemic and its impact on the hospitality industry ( Duarte Alonso et al., 2020 ), its changing trends ( Seyitoğlu& Ivanov, 2020 ) and future survival ( Kaushal & Srivastava, 2020 ). Gursoy and Chi (2020) point out that even when travel restrictions are lifted, customers may not feel comfortable enough to visit a destination, stay at a hotel or eat in a restaurant. Further research is needed to understand how these customers can be made to return as the industry's survival depends on increasing the demand for their services and products. Some studies like Higgins-Desbiolles, (2020) have pointed out the opportunities that this pandemic has given to rethink the tourism industry in terms of community-centered socialized tourism. To help researchers and practitioners understand the pandemic's impact on tourism and hospitality, the present study undertakes a systematic literature review of published articles related to the early wave of COVID-19 and the hospitality and tourism industry. The research questions addressed are as follows: What are the publication trends in the early wave of COVID-19 outbreak in tourism and hospitality research? What are the emerging research foci that the doctoral students in tourism and hospitality education research can focus on during and after the pandemic times?

COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the academic world, testing its ability to effectively move to remote learning ( Greenberg & Hibbert, 2020 ), with all teaching and learning core facets switching to online mode ( Coates, Xie, & Hong, 2021 ). Graduate scholars, driven partly by the institutional requirements and partly through their own career aspirations to pursue academic careers, are under pressure to establish their distinctive research identities through quality publications (VosViewer). Finding relevant research themes early on in their doctoral education improves their chances of getting a top-tier publication. Research indicates a positive relationship between doctoral student's research achievements and their early career earnings ( Marini, 2019 ). The current research is expected to help research students of hospitality and tourism academia narrow down their search for relevant research themes related to the pandemic. The study would also be helpful to practitioners in helping set a direction for the future of this industry.

The paper is organized as below. The next section details the systematic literature review methodology followed and data collected for the research followed by analysis results and discussion section. Future research directions and research limitations are highlighted next. Finally, research conclusions are drawn in the last section.

2. Methods and data

The study aims to review the research relevant to hospitality and tourism and COVID-19 research themes. A systematic quantitative method was applied to identify relevant literature, synthesise and review the past literature in a structured manner ( Kim, 2020 ; Rosalina et al., 2021 ). As a first step to identify relevant literature, the availability and suitability of databases were evaluated. The validity of a research paper depends on the database, as it should cover the research area being studied fairly well. Articles for the study were gathered from the Scopus database, a widely accepted comprehensive research database ( Booth, Chaperon, Kennell, & Morrison, 2020 ) which is among the largest curated bibliographic, abstract and citation databases today, with over 3 million new items being added to it every year ( Baas, Schotten, Plume, Côté, & Karimi, 2020 ). Other researchers have similarly used the Scopus database along with similar databases like Web of Science, Science Direct, Emerald, ProQuest, and Sage ( deMatos et al., 2020 ; Li, M., Yin, D., Qiu, H., & Bai, 2021 ; Agapito, 2020 ).The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology was adopted to select the relevant articles from the database. To increase the reliability of evidence produced by the review, specific steps are laid out under this methodology for the identification of the relevant articles from the database. The flowchart is given in Figure (1) indicates the criteria applied to include or exclude the articles for the study. A similar methodology has been widely used in Hospitality and Tourism reviews ( Booth et al., 2020 ; Li, M., Yin, D., Qiu, H., & Bai, 2021 ).

PRISMA diagram.

In the first step of identification, a series of keywords were used in combination to search in the Scopus database. To capture articles related to tourism and hospitality, the terms ‘tourism’ or ‘hospitality’ were used. Further to identify literature related to COVID-19, keywords included were ‘Corona’, ‘COVID’ and ‘pandemic’. The combination of these keywords was searched within article titles, keywords and abstracts. The search was restricted to the time period of Jan 2020 to April 2021 (downloaded on 10 th April 2021). Only journal (source type) articles (document type) written in English (language) were included in this study. The initial search yielded 744 articles across 316 journals from various disciplines. To enhance the overall quality of the literature review, only top-tier journals were considered based on the cite score ranking given in Scopus for 2019. Only those journals that were listed in the top 10 percentile were included for further analysis. The top-tier journals lead the research trends in academia with the most notable scientific findings ( Kim, 2020 ). This resulted in the narrowing of the journal list selected to 43 journals with a total of 229 articles. These were further refined by reviewing each of the article title and abstract to guarantee topic appropriateness. Only studies with a primary focus on the COVID-19 and hospitality and tourism were included for the in-depth analysis Articles like (titled) ‘COVID-19 lockdown improved the health of coastal environment and enhanced the population of reef-fish' were excluded. This resulted in the final set of 151 publications that were further synthesised.

2.1. Bibliometric and thematic analysis

In answering the first research question, the present study identifies the hospitality and tourism research trends in COVID-19 using the bibliometric method. The descriptive summary of the 151 articles is undertaken with a focus on leading contributors −authors, institutions, and countries. Data was exported from Scopus to do the analysis. Basic information of each searched article, including the authors’ information (names, countries, and institutions), publication years and journals, total citations, keywords and abstract, were saved to facilitate detailed analysis. Thematic analysis of the articles was further undertaken to identify the newly emerging themes in the study area and thus answer the second research question.

2.2. Thematic analysis

This is the last stage of the PRISMA technique, where synthesis of the findings is done to allow for the production of knowledge about the topic under review. For the 151 articles, based on the abstract, keyword and title of articles, broad categories of research areas were first identified by two authors independently. Altogether, they identified 11 research categories. These were then discussed with two independent experts who are experienced in the area of hospitality and tourism research. The experts helped in further grouping the research areas into 5 broad research categories. After identifying these research areas, each article was reviewed and coded into these categories by two authors separately to ensure objectivity and reliability of the assigning process. For studies that were assigned to different research categories by the two authors, further review was sought with other authors until consensus was reached for all studies. The research areas identified and the number of articles thus assigned to them are Economic impact and demand analysis (18 articles), Hospitality and tourism workforce (19 articles), Customer/tourist studies (35 articles), Crisis management, Resilience and Transformations in touristic industry (71 articles) and Hospitality & Tourism Education (8 articles).

These research categories are further analysed using cluster analysis. Clustering helps group the elements of a study according to their degree of similarity. Several visualization tools are available. We use VOSviewer, a professional visualization software, to undertake keyword co-occurrence network analysis. Since its development by van Eck and Waltman, 2010 , van Eck and Waltman, 2010b , this visualization software has been used by several studies, 1 including studies analyzing bibliographic data in hospitality and tourism research ( Palácios et al., 2021 ). The present study uses this software to analyse keyword co-occurrence clustering using author's keywords and index keywords from the studies.

In the visual maps created by the VOSviewer, the circles show terms with the size of the circle and text of the term, indicating the preference of the term in the study area. The larger the circle and the text, the more preferred the term in the field of study. The distance between the two terms indicates the robustness of the relationship, with a shorter distance indicating a higher relationship. Colours indicate grouping the terms by clusters. Details of keywords included in the clusters can also be derived from the software.

3. Results and discussions

The final corpus of articles for analysis consisted of 151 documents indexed in Scopus. As seen from Figure (2) , the publication of articles relating to COVID-19 and hospitality and tourism research were mostly published in journals related to Business, Management and Accounting (27.4%) and Social Sciences (26.9%). Other subject areas together are seen to contribute less than 50% of the overall number of articles published. Identifying the authors, affiliation and countries along with journals that contributed the most to the research area help future researchers identify important literature in their area of interest. Most researchers set document alerts for their relevant journals. Also, they are seen to follow authors from their area of research on various social platforms like Linkedin or google scholar. We describe the top contributors next.

Publication by subject area.

3.1. Distribution of authors, countries and affiliation

There were 426 authors who contributed to this area of study, of whom over 32 authors contributed at least 2 or more studies in the top tier journals. The five most contributing authors include Morrison A.M and Coca-Stefaniak J.A with 4 papers each, Hall C.M, Kock F and Filimonau V with 3 papers each respectively. The authors from several countries have contributed to the literature with United States (11.68%) contributing the most, followed by United Kingdom (11.34%), Australia (9.28%), Chine (7.90%) and Spain (3.44%). With regard to affiliation, the University of Johannesburg, University of Greenwich and Griffith University have contributed the most with 7 authors each, followed by Hong Kong Polytechnic University, the University of Surrey and the University of Macau with 6 authors each, respectively. Other universities across the globe have also contributed between the range of 1–5 authors. With regard to the number of co-authors for a paper, while the mean was at 2.5 authors per paper, the co-author numbers ranged from 1 (single author papers) to a maximum of 11 authors ( Ibn-Mohammed et al., 2021 ).

3.2. Journal contribution

The review found that the International Journal Of Hospitality Management contributed the highest to the 151 articles, with over 27.7 percent (41 articles) publications, followed by Current Issues In Tourism , with 17.6 percent (26 articles), Tourism Geographies with 16.89 percent (25 articles), Annals Of Tourism Research with 8.78 percent (13 articles) and International Journal Of Contemporary Hospitality Management with 8.11 percent (12 articles). The remaining 31 articles were published across 9 journals, with some indicating 9 articles while others were contributing only 1 article.

3.3. Thematic analysis to identify prominent themes under each area of research

Thematic analysis was undertaken whereby articles were grouped under the following five areas of research as Economic impact and demand analysis (18 articles), Hospitality and tourism workforce (19 articles), Customer/tourist studies (35 articles), Hospitality/tourism industry (71 articles) and Hospitality & tourism education (8 articles). Each research category is further analysed using VOSviewer to help identify the prominent themes emerging in the area of research.

Based on the keywords across the identified studies under each research category, keyword co-occurrences are analysed to identify the major emerging themes. The keyword co-occurrence network analysis results are shown in Fig. 3 , Fig. 4 , Fig. 5 , Fig. 6 , Fig. 7 for all the research categories, respectively. These are discussed in detail next. Further details of the themes identified based on the network analysis under each research area along with the studies that indicate these keywords, are given in Table 1 .

Network analysis diagram for Economic impact and demand analysis research area.

Network analysis diagram for Hospitality and tourism workforce related.

Network analysis diagram for Consumer perspective.

Network analysis diagram for Crisis management, Resilience and Transformations in touristic industry.

Network analysis diagram for Hospitality and tourism education.

Identifying research areas, cluster themes and grouping of studies.

Note: % indicates the percentage of articles in total number of articles under each research area identified.

3.3.1. Research area 1: Economic impact and demand analysis

For the research category of Economic impact and demand analysis , keywords with more than three occurrences were included. In all 18 studies were grouped under this research category. Fig (3) indicates 3 clusters that are identified for this research area. One of the cluster (blue colour) highlights the pandemic but does not reveal any emerging themes; hence this is not included in table(1) analysis. The two broad themes are identified as indicated in table (1) including economic impact contributing over 28% of articles to the area and demand analysis and tourism development with a contribution of 44%.

3.3.1.1. Theme: Economic impact

COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the tourism economies of almost every country across the world, and this is highlighted in the studies of researchers who have focused on the economic impact of the first wave of the pandemic, in particular on employment ( Pharm et al., 2021 ) and lockdown strategy impact on the revival of the tourism economy ( McCarteny et al., 2021 ). While studies have found the individuals willingness to pay is high to maintain public health and reduce the risk of the tourism sector ( Qiu et al., 2021b , Qiu et al., 2021a ), others recommend government support for the recovery of tourism and hospitality sector ( Phan et al., 2021 ). The revival of tourism economies are also analysed using diverse economic frameworks ( Cave & Dredge, 2020 ; Ibin et al., 2021 ). Ibin-Mohammed et al. (2021) further point out using circular economic framework analysis that economies should leverage the chance that COVID-19 pandemic exit strategies like lockdown have given to build a more resilient, low-carbon economy. These studies indicate the short term impact of the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic and highlight the need to analyse these impacts more deeply in follow-up studies.

3.3.1.2. Theme: demand analysis and tourism development

This theme includes studies that have forecasted the post-COVID tourist arrivals ( Kourentzes et al., 2021 ; Liu et al., 2021 ; Qiu et al., 2021 ) and the economic impact of COVID-19 on hospitality firm performance ( Crespí-Claderaet al., 2021 ). While Kourentzes et al. (2021) , using the time series forecasting method, have estimated the international tourist arrivals for 20 destinations, Liu et al. (2021) , using scenario-based two-steps mixed method including time series analysis, Artificial intelligence and judgmental forecasting, estimate tourist arrivals across 20 countries to suggest that strong relationship between the speed and intensity of recovery and destinations dependency on long-haul markets. Qiu et al., 2021b , Qiu et al., 2021a , using statistical and judgemental forecasting methods, estimates tourist arrivals across 20 Asia Pacific countries. Wickramasinghe and Ratnasiri (2020) , using monthly data on tourist arrivals and google trends, estimate the foregone tourist expenditure for Srilanka. Gallego and Font (2020) , using big data analytics with Skyscanner data on air passenger searches and traffic light dashboard analysis, predict the willingness to travel by air passengers, thus indicating recovery strategies for tourist markets from the impact of the pandemic. Analysing the firm-level impact of the COVID pandemic on Spanish hospitality firms using the Logit model and solvency stress test, Crespí-Claderaet et al. (2021) find firms with low operating leverage to be in a better position to survive the crisis. While studies above estimate the loss to the tourism and hospitality sector due to falling demand for inbound tourists, they also forecast a reactivation of the tourist markets that would help these sectors bounce back. Studies confirming or refuting these forecasts would go a long way in better understanding the economic impact on this sector.

3.3.2. Research area 2: Hospitality and tourism workforce

There are 19 studies that are seen to focus on the issues faced by the workforce of the hospitality and tourism sector. With the keyword threshold of 2 Fig (4) indicates 4 clusters. The threshold is reduced due to the small number of studies included in this research area. Among the clusters identified by the network analysis, one cluster (yellow colour) includes only the hospitality keyword; hence this is excluded from further analysis. The 3 remaining clusters indicate the themes Organizational trust & resilience, which contributes over 28% to the research area, Job performance & life satisfaction with 28% contribution and Turnover intentions contributing 16%. The remaining studies (28%) could not be included specifically in any of the themes hence are listed under the others category in table (1).

3.3.2.1. Theme: Organizational trust & resilience

Studies under this theme highlight the impact of manager's communication on employee's organizational trust ( Guzzo, Wang, Madera, & Abbott, 2021 ), the importance of employees in building organizational resilience ( Ngoc et al., 2021 ) and the importance of CSR activities in augmenting the psychological capital of employees and increasing trust ( Mao et al., 2020 ). Further, Salazar(2020), focusing on tourism-related labour mobility, highlights the ‘nexus between migration and tourism’ and social sustainability that has thrown up new challenges following the pandemic. While Ngoc et al. (2021) used in-depth interviews as means to collect their data, questionnaire-based survey was used by others( He, Mao, Morrison, & C.-S, 2020 ; Mao et al., 2020 ).

3.3.2.2. Theme: Job performance & life satisfaction

Studies under this theme highlight the stress and mental health of the workforce in the hospitality and tourism sector. Research indicates that unpredictable downsizing during the pandemic has increased the stress levels of surviving employees in the hospitality industry, impacting their performance ( Tu et al., 2021 ). The study further argues that social support (through family) can help to reduce the negative effect COVID-19 related layoff for the employees. Similar results were found by others ( Aguiar-Quintana, Nguyen, Araujo-Cabrera, & Sanabria-Díaz, 2021 ; Karatepe, 2021 ) for hotel employees where, the pandemic was seen to impact the mental health of hotel employees, further bringing down their performance. Further studies by Kim et al. (2021) show organizational safety climate to boost employee's safety motivation, while the reduction in perceived job insecurity is seen to improve the performance of employees ( Vo-Thanh et al., 2020 ).

3.3.2.3. Theme: Turnover intentions

Yu et al. (2021) using mixed methodology study employees' attitudes and behaviour towards the hospitality industry due to subjective stress and negative emotions due to negative work events such as COVID-19 the pandemic. The study finds that the industry level impact of the pandemic has made several employees uncertain about their future careers in the hospitality industry, and subjective stress is seen to increase their intentions to quit the industry and also result in negative word of mouth. The authors further point out that while the unprecedented layoff in the hospitality industry cannot be avoided during the COVID pandemic, the negative emotions felt by the employees maybe reduced through rebuilding trust and proper communication. These areas of future research are much needed for the industry to understand fully the impact of the pandemic on the employees and help find ways to motivate them to continue to work in this sector, thus reducing turnover ratios. Bajrami et al. (2021) further, in understanding the impact of COVID-19 on work related attitudes and turnover intentions of the employees in the hospitality industry focuses on job insecurity, employees’ health complaints during isolation, risk-taking behavior at workplace and changes in the organization. Using the data collected from hospitality workers from Serbia, the study finds that job insecurity and changes in the organization have a negative impact on both work-related attitudes and turnover intentions of the employees.

Studies under the Other category are seen to focus on the managers use of digital technologies to perform their job during COVID-19 ( Chadee, Ren, & Tang, 2021 ), the impact of hotel safety leadership on employee safety behaviour ( Zhang et al., 2020 ), the impact of COVID-19 on the life of hospitality employees ( Baum, Mooney, Robinson, & Solnet, 2020 ), and perceptions of tourism employees towards COVID-19 ( Park et al., 2020 ).

3.3.3. Research area 3: customer/tourist studies

The research area of customer studies (or tourist related studies) includes 35 articles. Fig (5) indicates three clusters based on the keywords from these articles. These are Consumer risk perception, Tourists changing behaviour and Travel behaviour, contributing 20%, 17% and 34% respectively to the research area as seen from the table(1). Studies that are not grouped under these themes are included as others in table (1).

3.3.3.1. Theme: consumer risk perception

Zahn et al., (2021) conducted a study on Chinese residents travelling to Wuhan after the pandemic and developed a risk perception scale that concluded that occupation and place of residence are the most important factors of risk. Studies have also highlighted the holiday risk and impact of COVID-19 ( Pappas, 2021 ), health and safety risks as a reason for travel demotivations ( Aebli et al., 2021 ). Further studies ( Bae & Chang, 2021 ) have found customer's attitude to be moderating their risk perception and behavioural intentions. Studies also suggest that post-pandemic visits of customers to restaurants would be influenced by their trust in the restaurants ( Foroudi, Tabaghdehi, S, & Marvi, 2021 ) and governments ( Dedeoğlu & Boğan, 2021 ).

3.3.3.2. Theme: tourist changing behaviour

Perceived health risk and avoidance behaviour of tourists have significantly affected the international tourists' air travel and tourism industry ( Chua et al., 2020(b) ). Sánchez-Pérez et al. (2021) examines the behaviour change among tourists during COVID-19 and highlight the importance of linking the health risk perception of tourists to their behavioural intention. Zhang et al. (2020) in their study of find tourists travelling during the COVID-19 are more risk-averse, and this magnifies their negative emotional reactions towards disadvantaged tourism-related prices. Chua et al. (2020(a)) find that destination attachment is critical in post-pandemic tourists’ travel choices, and this will be impacted by perceived response efforts and health preventive behaviour during COVID-19.

3.3.3.3. Theme: travel behaviour

Studies indicate that COVID-19 has resulted in a significant increase in travel risk perception among tourists ( Neuburger&Egger, 2021 ), resulting in increased psychological resilience among travellers who display cautious travel behaviours ( Zheng et al., 2021 ). The cautious behaviour has lent itself to a higher willingness to pay for additional safety measures ( Sánchez-Cañizares et al., 2021 ), like the preference of renting full flats rather than single hotel rooms to maintain physical distancing norms ( Bresciani et al., 2021 ), travelling in their own vehiclesto reduce the risk of pandemic ( Bresciani et al., 2021 ; Ribeiro et al., 2021 ). It is further suggested by studies (O' Connor &Assaker, 2021 ) that post-pandemic travel behaviour will be pro-environmental, and tourists would be looking beyond hygiene attributes to select hospitality services Hu et al. (2021) .

Other studies include articles that focus on the use of electronic media for information sharing during the pandemic ( Nilashi, 2021 ), the use of virtual reality ( Schiopu et al., 2021 ), low consumption due to safety concerns ( Li et al., 2021 ), use of robot-staffs in room service ( Kim et al., 2021 ), post-COVID increase in local tourism ( Jeon & Yang, 2021 ) and quarantine lodging experience ( Wong & Yang, 2020 ). All the studies are related to understanding the consumer perspective of the hospitality and tourism sector.

3.3.4. Research area 4: Crisis management, Resilience and Transformations in touristic industry

For the research category of the Crisis management, Resilience and Transformations in touristic industry, 71 studies were included. The clustering network analysis from Fig (4) indicates 3 clusters with studies relating to Crisis management and sector resilience contributing 35% as indicated in table (1), studies focusing on Industry transformation and tourism development contributing 16% and Sustainable development contributing over 11%. Studies that could not be specifically grouped under these clusters are highlighted in the others category in table (1). These include studies that focus on the impact of COVID-19 on customer experience ( Bonfanti, Vigolo, & Yfantidou, 2021 ), cleanliness ( Magnini&Zehrer, 2021 ), destinations ( Foo, Chin, Tan, & Phuah, 2020 ; Isaac, 2021 ) and destination residents’ attitude ( Kamata, 2021 ). Studies have looked at new developments like robotics adoption in the hospitality and tourism industry ( Seyitoğlu & Ivanov, 2021 ; Zeng et al., 2020 ).

3.3.4.1. Theme: Crisis management and sector resilience

With the global lockdown during the COVID-19, the hospitality and tourism industry is seen to undergo unprecedented crisis like situation globally ( António& Rita, 2020 ). Studies analyse the crisis faced by managers of hospitality business ( Japutra & Situmorang, 2021 ) and highlight the importance of the resilience of managers of these businesses to overcome it ( Giousmpasoglou et al., 2021 ). Few others have also focused on the impact of the public health crisis in the hospitality industry ( Shapoval et al., 2021 ), suggesting innovative business models to create new revenue streams to better manage future crisis situations ( Breier et al., 2021 ) and improve resilience in the sector ( Duarte Alonso, 2020 ). Varied methodologies have been used to understand the crisis faced by the hospitality and tourism industry, including the case-study approach ( Hu et al., 2021 ; Smart et al., 2021 ), questionnaire survey ( Sobaih et al., 2021 ) and forecasting methods ( Zhang et al., 2021a , Zhang et al., 2021b ).

3.3.4.2. Theme: Industry transformation

Hospitality and tourism industry transformation need studies to focus on new ways of developing this sector. Tourism managers have to understand the impact of pandemics like COVID-19 and should build capabilities to forecast recovery path ( Škare, 2021 ), focusing more on local travellers more than the global networks ( Tomassini &Cavagnaro, 2020 ). It is further suggested by Carr, 2020 that such sectoral plans should have an inclusive approach. The managers should not look at returning to the pre-COVID demand, instead, look at the emerging economic transformation and plan for recovery ( Prideaux et al., 2020 ) with a focus on overall societal wellbeing and sustainability ( Everingham & Chassagne, 2020 ).

3.3.4.3. Theme: Sustainable development

Being an enabler for economic development, sustainable tourism has been the context of research for many years. Researchers underthe Sustainable development theme have focused on various aspects of sustainability, including sports tourism (Cooper & Alderman, 2021), tourism infrastructure ( Sheller, 2020 ) and tourists’ awareness ( Galvani, Lew, & Perez, 2020 ; Stankov et al., 2020 ) during the pandemic period. While Filimonau (2021) looks at alternative uses of food and plastic waste from the tourism industry, Niewiadomski (2020) looks at COVID-19 as an opportunity to re-boot the tourism industry with the tenets of sustainability. Other researchers like Cheer (2020) focus on the concept of human flourishing to understand the post-COVID tourism landscape. Studies under this theme suggest a faster recovery of the hospitality and tourism sector, also suggesting ways to reduce the severity of any future COVID like pandemics in this sector. Tsai (2021) predicts medical tourism and leisure to be the areas of importance post-COVID-19, indicating that future researchers must focus on these areas of tourism.

3.3.5. Research area 5: Hospitality and tourism education

Academic research has a prominent role in tourism education, as research-based learning adds more value to tourism and hospitality education by supporting sustainable development ( Espinoza-Figueroa, Vanneste, Alvarado-Vanegas, Farfán-Pacheco, & Rodriguez-Giron, 2021 ). Though touristic education began in vocational secondary schools, due to the prominence this sector gained in the economy and employment, it has increased its prominence in schools and universities. Tourism education helps to increase touristic competitiveness and plays a key role in the growth of tourism sector in any country ( Renfors et al., 2020 ). Tourism education research has been a well-researched area in the past. 1 The changing focus on emerging areas of tourism developmet will open new areas for education research in tourism also.

The criteria of the top 10 percentile cut off for inclusion of journal articles under a theme was relaxed for this theme due to very small number of articles falling in this criteria (5 articles). The inclusion percentile was increased to include journals up to top 20 percentile in Scopus list. This resulted in 8 articles being selected under this theme. While the network diagram indicates 3 clusters, one of the clusters was related to thematic analysis and systematic review. Dropping this cluster results in 2 clusters, namely Transformational education and Hybrid education & blended learning .

3.3.5.1. Theme: Transformational education

Edelheim (2020) highlights the need for the value-based education system and points out that COVID-19 pandemic may be the much needed impetus to revisit the travel, tourism, hospitality and event higher education sector. While the pandemic has brought to the forefront the idea that the past and present cannot help us plan for the future, Edelheim points out that with transformation in the higher education sector towards value-based education, students would be more equipped towards transformative practices in the industry.

Experiential learning through internships have become the norm of hospitality education and COVID-19 has brought a new dimension to it. The industry is preparing to provide a new customer experience and the tourism academics also should quickly adapt so that the students become competent to handle any such future eventualities. Empirical research during COVID-19 should be able to provide a new approach to tourism internships so as to provide better insights to students compared to pre-COVID period ( Zopiatis et al., 2021 ).

Hayes (2020) analysed the tourism taught master's programs and found that these programs are offered as more of vocational content and less of liberal arts. He argues that such programs are intended to produce leaders in tourism industry and there should be a balance of vocational and liberal arts content as the industry needs philosophic practitioners to bring disruptive changes to create a better resilient tourism and hospitality industry.

3.3.5.2. Theme: Hybrid education & blended learning

Griffin (2021) in discussing the future of hospitality education points towards practices that could become necessary for educators to adapt to the changes forced upon us by COVID pandemic. He also points out that educators in this ever challenging industry should help future leaders (current students) to with the required tools to help them adapt to any change. The article also discussed the importance of creative use of online media like interactive course content with a hybrid approach to education, integrated industry forums and mentorship for creating entrepreneurial skills, project-based learning across the curriculum, real-world industry exposure for students through industry partnership in problem-solving, and accelerated short courses instead of traditional semester-based courses. The paper reflects on “creating a radically new hospitality program that benefits student learning and industry-academia collaboration”. Smith (2021) also highlights the creative utilization of technological tools, software, and platforms to facilitate online learning in hospitality education.

Though YouTube is being used for blended learning, research and online classes widely, the use of this channel is limited in tourism academia ( Tolkach & Pratt, 2021 ). They suggest that use of YouTube channels like ‘Travel Professors’ can be used for blended learning in Tourism education during COVID-19 and beyond. Qiu et al., 2020b , Qiu et al., 2020a suggested that the effectiveness of tourism education during the COVID-19 period can be increased by including MOOCs and SPOCs in the pedagogy.

While many studies talk about the need for blended learning and research in tourism education and advocate for improving online teaching effectiveness, Tavitiyaman et al. (2021) studied the impact of online classes on personality of hospitality students. They suggest that the instructors should increase their support to students in online classes and this will enhance motivation levels of the students and helps in a higher level of perceived learning and reduced learning anxieties and eventually, increase student satisfaction levels.

4. Future research directions

It is well-acknowledged fact that PhD students need to have a publication record in high-ranking journals to get an academic job ( Carr and Hayes, 2017 ). Staying relevant and publishing on topics that are current and have future potential can help them get a good publication. The present bibliometric study is aimed at providing an overview of the current literature relating to COVID-19 and the hospitality and tourism industry, one of the most relevant topics for future research. While studies in each area identified have highlighted the current crisis, its impact and crisis management, several studies have given directions to help future researchers choose their area of research with relevance.

Tourism has evolved as a major economic activity across regions employing both skilled and unskilled labour. Prior to COVID-19, travel and tourism industry accounted for 25% if the new jobs created globally (WTCC). Its importance and share in any country's economic activity chart have increased over the decades. A similar expression of increased interest is seen in academic research ( Wilson, 1998 ) with improved methodology in estimating the tourism demand across tourist destinations ( Song et al., 2012 ). Being an important industry in several countries, continuous economic assessment of tourism industry and its contribution to economic development and progress is essential ( Comerio & Strozzi, 2019 ). The pandemic and following lockdown and travel restrictions have economic impacts across all countries in the world particularly related to employment ( Phan et al., 2021 ), on hospitality firm performance ( Crespí-Claderaet al., 2021 ), on tourist arrivals and hence demand impacts ( Kourentzes et al., 2021 ; Liu et al., 2021 ; Qiu et al., 2021 ). While all these studies have indicated the impact and effect of the crisis, what needs to be further studied is the sector wise impact of tourism demand and employment on the short term, medium term and long-term economic growth and development of economies. Such studies must focus on strategies specific to reviving of the tourist markets and helping the sector recover from the pandemic in terms of tourism demand recovery leading to increasing employment, better firm performance in this sector and promotion of sustainable practices for future crisis handling. These areas of research would benefit from academic debates and have direct implications on the industry recovery. Hence hospitality scholars must focus in these areas of future research.

Being a labour-intensive industry, tourism and hospitality sector like other similar sectors have faced employee-employer related issues like job performance and job satisfaction, work-life balance and life satisfaction, labour turnover, building organization trust and such others. The Unpredictable closure of many tourist destinations and all related businesses has resulted in increased stress levels in employees ( Aguiar-Quintana et al., 2021 ; Karatepe, 2021 ; Tu et al., 2021 ) impact their mental health and performance ( Vo-Thanh et al., 2020 ). While some of the countries have opened its tourist destinations, several countries are still in favour of partial or full travel restrictions with new strands of corona virus emerging across the world. While currently, the sector is more in damage control mode, it is the post-pandemic years when the real impact of mental health on hotel employees would be seen. It is imperative that these areas be researched from several different angles of causes, impact, effect, recovery and sustainability to help the sector employees stay healthy and perform better in the coming decades. Health of the employees is most important to increase productivity and efficiency of any organization and tourism being an experiential service sector has a high interaction level between employees and customers. Thus, future research scholars of this area must focus on understanding the pandemic impact on employee's mental health and performance, find ways to support them to recovery and formulate strategies to help build organization trust and resilience. These are some important areas of research related to tourism-hospitality sector employees that would have long-term implications for the industry as well.

Customer satisfaction is the most important driving force for service sector profitability. Motivation to travel to a particular destination and the experiences that the consumers experience at the destination results in revisit, recommendation and customer loyalty ( Huang & Hsu, 2009 ). These factors impact firm profitability ( Petrick, 2004 ). COVID-19 has impacted tourists’ travel preferences, destination choice ( Li et al., 2021 ) and their risk perception ( Pappas, 2021 ; Zhan et al., 2020 ), with health and safety risk impacting their travel motivation ( Aebli et al., 2021 ; Bae & Chang, 2021 ; Chua et al., 2020(b) ). The changing behaviour of tourists post pandemic highlight some interesting areas of research like changing travel motivation, destination choice, expectations from the hospitality and tourist service providers, demand for better health and safety norms among consumers. These changes also lead to new ways of customer assessment of service providers and hence academic research in these areas can lead to high-quality publications for research scholars. These potential research areas are also of high implications to practitioners, including hotel, restaurant, travel agency managers and governments across the world that are interested in fast recovery of this sector.

Though the cash-driven resilient nature and employee resilience of the tourism industry is well studied in the past ( Wieczorek-Kosmala, 2021 ), COVID-19 has opened up a new stream of resilience studies in the tourism and hospitality industry, like resilience of business owners ( Pathak & Joshi, 2021 ), managers ( Japutra & Situmorang, 2021 ) etc. Public health crisis during COVID-19 ( Shapoval et al., 2021 ) have necessitated the creation of new and innovative business models in tourism that can better address any future crisis ( Breier et al., 2021 ) and improve resilience in the sector ( Duarte Alonso, 2020 ). Future research in tourism, hospitality and leisure should suggest innovative business models that are more resilient and sustainable so that the sector is equipped to face challenges raised by any crisis. Medical tourism and leisure are expected to be the focus of tourism industry in future ( Tsai, 2021 ).

Academic research has a prominent role in tourism education, as research-based learning adds more value to tourism and hospitality education by supporting sustainable development ( Espinoza-Figueroa et al., 2021 ). Though touristic education began in vocational secondary schools, due to the prominence this sector gained in the economy and employment, it has increased its presence in schools and universities. Tourism education helps to increase touristic competitiveness and plays a key role in growth of the tourism sector in any country ( Renfors et al., 2020 ). Many of the education related studies during the COVID-19 is of qualitative nature with views from one set of stakeholders like either teachers or students etc and the future studies including multiple stakeholders as respondents using quantitative or mix method will give more insight into the effectiveness of the use of technology in touristic education ( Qiu et al., 2020 ). The use of technology would increase the possibilities of blended learning in touristic education, including the increased use of social media like YouTube etc ( Tolkach & Pratt, 2021 ) and would bring in a new dimension to experiential learning by including real life challenges in tourism internships ( Zopiatis et al., 2021 ).

5. Implications and limitations

Considering how the tourism and hospitality sector has suffered in an unpreceded manner due to COVID-19, it is vital for tourism academics to envision the future for their field and to identify potential related issues and opportunities ( Wassler & Fan, 2021 ). These areas are full of potential for future PhD students to publish their work. It is a well-acknowledged fact that PhD students need to have a publication record in high-ranking journals to get an academic job ( Carr and Hayes, 2017 ). Staying relevant and publishing in topics that are current and have future potential can help them get a good publication. The present bibliometric study is aimed at providing an overview of the current literature relating to COVID-19 and the hospitality and tourism industry, one of the most relevant topics for future research. While studies in each area identified have highlighted the current crisis, its impact and crisis management, several studies have given directions to help future researchers to choose their area of research with relevance.

Additionally, the study results also help practitioners develop curricula both for academe and for training programs to help the current and future industry workforce stay relevant. The study has practical implications. In that, it is imperative for managers to be well informed of an issue and understand all aspects of it before taking an informed decision. The present review highlights the emerging issues related to COVID-19 and the hospitality and tourism industry, highlighting some of the bigger issues and providing a future outlook on several others.

The study has several limitations. First, the data was collected only over a short period of duration and from one source Scopus database. Future studies can collect data from other well-known databases as well. Future studies can also include more detailed keywords like hotel, restaurant, sports and other tourism-related words to search for the relevant literature. Also, the source of studies only included journal articles while excluding conference papers and other book chapters. These could be included in future studies to better understand the field of research. More advanced bibliometric analysis tools can be used by future studies to draw deeper insights into the literature.

1 for details of all applications see www.vosviewer.com/publications .

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Heritage Tourism (Themes in Tourism) First Edition

• ISBN-10 0582369703
• ISBN-13 978-0582369702
• Edition First Edition
• Publisher Addison-Wesley Longman Ltd
• Publication date January 1, 2002
• Language English
• Dimensions 6 x 0.75 x 9 inches
• Print length 327 pages
• See all details

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Editorial Reviews

From the back cover.

Heritage Tourism provides a comprehensive review of the main issues and concepts related to heritage tourism. It considers the area broadly to include culture and nature in both urban and rural contexts, and presents an in-depth discussion of important global issues.

The book provides a balanced view of both theoretical issues and applied subjects that managers must deal with on a daily basis. These concepts are illustrated throughout the text via examples and detailed case studies.

With the rapid growth of special interest travel during the past two decades, the demand for heritage tourism experiences has soared, and its economic and socio-cultural importance cannot be overstated.

• Provides a clear understanding of the relationship between heritage and tourism, and offers a holistic perspective of what is meant by heritage tourism
• Provides a balanced perspective of heritage tourism across various settings in the developed and developing world
• Offers case studies that are current
• Provides critique of issues such as management, interpretation and authenticity
• Includes discussion on the implications politics and power have on heritage

Heritage Tourism is a core text for 2nd and 3rd year students on tourism and related degrees where the major focus is on heritage modules. It will also serve as an important reference to postgraduate courses that explore key themes implicit within heritage tourism such as conservation, management, interpretation, and authenticity.

Dallen J. Timothy

is an Associate Professor at Arizona State University, USA. Dr. Timothy teaches courses on tourism theory, international tourism, research methods, and tourism planning.

Stephen W. Boyd

is a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Tourism at the University of Otago, New Zealand. Dr. Boyd teaches courses on heritage management, tourism development, tourism impacts, and leisure dimensions .

About the Author

Product details.

• Publisher ‏ : ‎ Addison-Wesley Longman Ltd; First Edition (January 1, 2002)
• Language ‏ : ‎ English
• Paperback ‏ : ‎ 327 pages
• ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0582369703
• ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0582369702
• Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 1.42 pounds
• Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 6 x 0.75 x 9 inches
• #7,500 in Hospitality, Travel & Tourism (Books)
• #49,246 in Core
• #61,208 in Business & Finance

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Q&A: the emerging tech trends impacting travel and tourism

A s the global travel and tourism sector continues to recover from the Covid-19 pandemic, emerging technologies are becoming increasingly key for businesses within the sector.

In particular, artificial intelligence (AI) is being touted as part of the solution to the industry’s staffing crisis.

As Nicholas Wyatt, head of analysis for travel and tourism at GlobalData, told Verdict’s sister site Hotel Management Network in December: “Hotels have struggled to lure back some of the workers that left the industry at the height of the pandemic as the travel sector virtually ground to a halt. This situation has been exacerbated by struggles to attract new workers and the result is an almost worldwide issue with staffing.”

Cybersecurity, meanwhile, has been a rising concern for some time, and that is not going to change. GlobalData associate analyst Megan Cross explained in the same article: “2023 saw several high-profile data breaches, including international hotel chain MGM Resorts’ cybersecurity incident in September. With the scale and sensitivity of data held on travellers, ensuring strong protection measures is imperative.”

Speaking to Hotel Management Network ahead of the Key Themes in Travel & Tourism for 2024 webinar on 20 March , for which registration is now open, GlobalData analyst Monia Borawi discussed the growth of cybersecurity as a critical area of focus, the use of data for customer-focused personalisation and the importance for businesses of investing in emerging technologies like AI.

What has been the most significant tech theme in travel and tourism over recent years?

Borawi: One significant theme for the travel and tourism space in recent years has been cybersecurity. The travel industry holds hugely valuable and sensitive data on every traveller. If these data points are not well protected, there are significant risks for customers, who could have their data stolen. Such breaches can damage a company's reputation. Several high-profile companies within the sector have made negative headlines due to poor cybersecurity measures.

Cybercriminals exploit vulnerabilities within a cybersecurity strategy, so a rigorous approach is central to effective risk management. To tackle cyber threats, a company’s cybersecurity strategy must involve contingency planning, outlining immediate actions, post-breach responses, and an understanding of the company’s current cyber risks. The travel and tourism sector is one of the most susceptible to cyberattacks, ranking third in incidents according to the 2020 Trustwave Global Security Report . With attacks becoming more common and increasingly sophisticated, the risk and impact of cyber-ignorance are escalating.

What will be the most significant tech themes during 2024 and why?

AI has seen a large rise in relevance for the travel and tourism industry. AI is not a new theme but has been incorporated into devices, business applications and productivity tools for some time. The advent of ChatGPT, the language model launched in November 2022 by OpenAI, paved the way for the current hype surrounding this technology. Companies are keen to take advantage of these new capabilities, particularly in areas such as sales, marketing and customer support.

Airlines, airports and travel intermediaries would benefit from investing in the human-AI interaction layer to improve operational efficiency. The lodging and cruises sectors would benefit from computer vision technologies for check-in and boarding processes, while attraction operators could use them for occupancy monitoring. Pattern recognition, planning and forecasting capabilities are extremely useful across all travel industry segments.

Travel executives have also increasingly realised that building more relevant and personalised customer experiences is critical because it helps differentiate their brands in an increasingly competitive market. From hotels to booking sites to social media, executives and CEOs are thinking about the ways personalisation can help them reach and sell to customers more effectively. With more choices open to consumers, travel brands face significant pressure to attract and retain customers. This means even more importance is placed on driving success from the company’s website and marketing channels.

The customer experience is becoming more personalised and the only way to do it is to know enough about each customer. The road to personalisation is paved with data. Customer knowledge comes from the collection and analysis of customer data, which is why data is so important to personalisation. The data collected enables companies to better understand their customers' needs and expectations, make faster and more informed decisions and provide customers with the personalised experiences they crave.

How will the current key themes shape the industry today and in the future?

The integration of AI into the travel and tourism industry is revolutionizing various aspects, from customer service to predictive analytics. AI-powered chatbots and virtual assistants streamline customer interactions, providing personalised recommendations and assistance 24/7. Moreover, AI algorithms analyse vast amounts of data to forecast travel trends, optimize pricing strategies and enhance operational efficiency. As AI continues to advance, its role in automating routine tasks and personalizing experiences will be pivotal in shaping the industry's future, driving greater convenience and satisfaction for travellers while optimizing resources for businesses.

Personalisation has become a cornerstone of the travel and tourism industry, as travellers increasingly expect tailored experiences that cater to their preferences and interests. From personalised recommendations based on past behaviours to curated travel itineraries, companies are leveraging data and technology to create bespoke experiences at every touchpoint of the customer journey.

As advancements in AI and machine learning enable deeper insights into consumer behaviour and preferences, personalised marketing campaigns, dynamic pricing strategies and hyper-targeted offerings will become more sophisticated, enhancing customer satisfaction and loyalty. Furthermore, personalisation fosters a deeper emotional connection with travellers, leading to enhanced brand loyalty and advocacy in an increasingly competitive landscape.

How are companies innovating and investing in current key themes?

Companies are investing in AI-powered technologies to enhance customer experiences and operational efficiency. This includes the development of intelligent chatbots and virtual assistants for personalised customer service, predictive analytics for demand forecasting and pricing optimization and AI-driven recommendation engines to tailor offerings to individual preferences. Major players are also exploring AI applications in robotics for tasks such as luggage handling and cleaning, improving overall service quality and reducing labour costs.

Companies are investing in data analytics and machine learning capabilities to deliver personalised experiences at every stage of the customer journey. This includes leveraging customer data to offer customised recommendations for accommodations, activities and dining options, as well as creating tailored marketing campaigns based on individual preferences and behaviours. Some companies are also implementing dynamic pricing models that adjust rates in realtime based on demand and customer profiles, maximising revenue while ensuring competitive pricing.

How can travel and tourism companies harness key themes for success?

Companies should invest in AI-driven technologies to enhance customer experiences and operational efficiency. By leveraging AI-powered chatbots, virtual assistants and predictive analytics, companies can provide personalised recommendations, streamline booking processes and optimize resource allocation. Embracing emerging technologies such as augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) can also create immersive and engaging experiences for travellers, setting companies apart from competitors.

Companies should prioritize personalisation throughout the customer journey, from pre-booking to post-trip engagement. By leveraging data analytics and machine learning algorithms, companies can tailor offerings to individual preferences, anticipate customer needs and deliver targeted marketing campaigns. Personalised experiences not only enhance customer satisfaction and loyalty but also drive revenue growth through upselling and cross-selling opportunities.

Overall, by embracing the key themes of AI and personalisation, travel and tourism companies can differentiate themselves in a competitive market, drive customer satisfaction and loyalty and position themselves for long-term success in an evolving industry landscape.

GlobalData’s Key Themes in Travel & Tourism for 2024 webinar on 20 March will examine the impact of several key themes on the travel and tourism sector in 2024, including AI, ESG and personalisation.

"Q&A: the emerging tech trends impacting travel and tourism" was originally created and published by Verdict , a GlobalData owned brand.

The information on this site has been included in good faith for general informational purposes only. It is not intended to amount to advice on which you should rely, and we give no representation, warranty or guarantee, whether express or implied as to its accuracy or completeness. You must obtain professional or specialist advice before taking, or refraining from, any action on the basis of the content on our site.

Health Crisis: Universal Confirms Disease Outbreak, Thousands Notified of Contamination Danger

in Universal Studios

If you were enjoying Universal Studios Hollywood or other Los Angeles tourist destinations over Easter weekend, you may have been exposed to measles.

When guests visit a theme park, it is impossible to think that you will not come into contact with germs. At Walt Disney World, for example, we have covered numerous events where guests left their vacation stating that they returned home very ill, with either a cold, flu, or COVID-19. Magic Kingdom brings in around 50,000 guests a day, making it, and really, any theme park in general, a breeding ground for bacteria.

That being said, one would not typically expect to come home with measles.

Variety confirmed the outbreak, “The Los Angeles County Department of Public Health has been informed of a possible measles exposure at Universal Studios, county officials reported Saturday.”

The potential exposure originated from a single case of measles involving an out-of-state tourist who passed through the Los Angeles area from March 30 to April 1. The infected individual visited Universal Studios on March 30 and the Santa Monica Pier on March 31.

The incident also pertained to an individual who frequented various other locations in Los Angeles, such as the Sheraton Gateway Hotel, Jeni’s Splendid Ice Cream in Beverly Hills, and several restaurants at Universal Studios and elsewhere. Universal Studios issued a statement to Variety addressing the situation, directing the public to the county’s health department for further details.

Their statement reads:

“We were recently made aware that a guest who had been exposed to measles visited numerous Southern California locations including our theme park,” Universal Studios said in a statement. “While there is very low risk of transmission as a result of effective vaccination, the safety and security of our guests and team members is of utmost importance. More information is available through the Department of Public Health.”

Muntu Davis, a Los Angeles County health officer, said, “Measles is spread by air and by direct contact even before you know you have it and can lead to severe disease. Measles is highly contagious for those who are not immune to it. Initially causing fever, cough, red, watery eyes and followed by a rash, it can result in serious complications for young children and vulnerable adults.”

The county indicated that guests present at Universal Hollywood during the specified dates and times may face potential measles exposure within 21 days following the date of exposure. During Easter weekend, the theme park also saw record-breaking numbers of guests wanting to enjoy the park, explore Super Nintendo World, ride the Tram Tour, and more, putting thousands at risk.

Sadly, Universal Studios Hollywood is not the only massive theme park impacted by what seems to be a recent uptick in the spread of measles.

Florida is currently investigating multiple cases of the spread of measles, making Walt Disney World Resort a prime target.

The Florida Department of Health in Broward County is probing six measles cases linked to an outbreak at an elementary school in Weston. Additionally, two more cases involving children under 10 were disclosed by the Florida Department of Health, bringing the county’s total to eight. Broward County Public Schools affirmed that the overall count within the district remains at six.

Statewide, “most kids in our public schools have had the vaccine, although there’s been some slippage in that in recent years. The kids who are not vaccinated, if they’re exposed to measles, 90% of them will get measles. So it’s a highly infectious disease, very contagious,” said Rust, a professor in the Florida State University College of Medicine and director of the university’s Center for Medicine and Public Health.

With over 56 million guests traveling into Orlando International Airport alone this year, the possibility of spread is significantly higher in the tourist areas of the state.

As per the CDC, measles is an extremely contagious illness with the potential to result in severe complications, including fatalities. Common symptoms encompass fever, cough, runny nose, watery eyes, and a characteristic rash of red spots. In rare instances, measles can progress to pneumonia, encephalitis, or even death. Moreover, it has the capability to compromise the immune system and potentially diminish its memory.

Do the germs at Disney or Universal keep you away from the parks? Or is the risk worth it ?

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UK’s oldest tourist town is being ‘ruined’ by ‘noisy’ kids’ theme park and area is so smelly we feel sick, locals cry

• James Halpin
• Published : 11:49 ET, Apr 11 2024
• Updated : 7:04 ET, Apr 12 2024
• Published : Invalid Date,

THE UK's oldest tourist town is being "ruined" by excessive noise and the smell of deep-fried takeaways, locals say.

Matlock Bath in Derbyshire has been described as "Little Switzerland" due to its beautiful scenery and quaint buildings.

Only 800 people call this steep-sided village in the Derwent Valley their home, but in the holidays 10,000 people a day visit.

The town is largely dominated by Gulliver's Kingdom , a children's theme park that sits overlooking the village.

But locals say their idyllic village isn't always paradise .

One homeowner, who didn't want to be named, complained that he had to regularly confront tourists parking in his private street.

The 52-year-old property manager said: "This is not about Gulliver’s, their visitors park where they should but the place can get very busy and it can be a nightmare here with cars being parked up illegally and the police taking no action.

"They tell me they need to see the people leaving their cars to do anything about it but it’s not fair on us residents.

"In peak season, I have to get out early if I want to use the car to take the dogs for a walk and just accept that I won’t be going anywhere after that."

A third of Matlock Bath's homes are rentals - creating another issue that tourists bring, noise.

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One 46-year-old said Airbnbs can work well, but out of towners often came into Matlock Bath and had parties making noise late at night.

"But when you have one [Airbnb] that sleeps 20 and if it’s all young people with their own cars, that creates another parking problem."

Dan Nightingale, 40, moved in four years ago to renovate one of the homes between Gulliver’s Kingdom and the town below.

He said: "It can be a bit noisy. You can be having a nice, quiet afternoon in the garden and then suddenly you hear children screaming or a bit of music coming over.

"It’s not late at night. If we get noise at night it comes from the big house down the road which has been turned into a 20-room Airbnb.

"You get stag do’s, wedding parties, hen do’s and the noise can go on until 3am.

"But this is the UK’s oldest tourist town. It will be full of tourists. You know that when you move here."

Dan also complained about the deep fried takeaway smell in the town.

Matlock Bath's high street boasts six fish and chip shops, several amusement arcades as well as eateries offering up Chinese and grilled meats.

You get stag do’s, wedding parties, hen do’s and the noise can go on until 3am Dan Nightingale

He said: "When I first moved here, the chip shop smells which rise up from below the house made me feel quite poorly.

"But when the grilled meats business is open and the Chinese…that can make me feel quite hungry."

As well as attracting families, the place is popular with motorbike enthusiasts.

Several shops supply biker paraphernalia and those working in the town scoff at the idea of Gulliver’s being noisy.

One shopkeeper said: "Any time there is good weather, this place is full of bikers,’ said one chip shop worker. ‘If you want to know about noise pollution, try dozens of Harley’s and straight pipes (extra noisy exhausts)."

OLDEST TOURIST TOWN

Matlock Bath has been a hit with tourists since the 17th Century when the healing properties of its warm spa waters were first discovered.

It really took off as a holiday destination in the 19th Century when the young Princess Victoria visited and.

Soon it became a place for society’s finest to visit - bringing huge money to the town.

But the village's top attraction is Gulliver’s Kingdom, a theme park aimed at families and tucked into the side of the valley overlooking the village.

Opened in 1978, nearly half a century later the site has an uneasy relationship with the local population.

One councillor, who asked not to be named, said: "There have been a lot of issues with Gulliver’s Kingdom over the years – the owners are a bit of a law unto themselves.

When I first moved here, the chip shop smells which rise up from below the house made me feel quite poorly Dan Nightingale

"A few years ago they created a Gulliver’s Hotel by converting some shipping containers but the last I heard they did not go through the formalities of getting planning permission or building regulations.

"But they were there for so long, they got development rights and they did the same thing when they converted a building used for model railways into a glamping site.

"It seems they do whatever they want knowing they will get away with it."

Clashes have occurred over such issues as noise and air pollution to do with the theme park.

The councillor added: "We had a situation where the coaches in their car park would keep their engines running all day because the drivers wanted the air conditioning and there were fumes affecting the local primary school which is nearby.

"There was also a period when they would start leaf blowing at 5am which also had to be sorted out. Now I still hear complaints from locals of visitors having a pee in the trees before they go home."

Others living near to Gulliver’s described the owners as being "difficult people".

But many were prepared to defend them.

One home owner said: "We had an issue with work outs being done early on a Sunday morning but we had a word and they changed the direction of the speakers and it was fine.

"They seem to be quite responsive people.

Another shop-keeper said: "There’s a lot of jealous people everywhere. This is a local, family business that has done really well for itself.

"The occasional person visiting there comes into town so there is a trickle-down effect. Without tourists, where would we be?"

Tourism has been a thing in Matlock Bath since the 17th Century when its spa waters were an attraction to the elite of the day.

It really took off in the 19th Century when the young Princess Victoria visited and the poet Lord Byron dubbed it "Little Switzerland".

A Derbyshire County Council spokesperson said: “We would always encourage residents to get in touch with us if there are issues which would be covered by our enforcement powers.

“Our civil enforcement officers (CEOs) undertake regular patrols in the area, especially at weekends, bank holidays and during school holidays, to ensure people are parking responsibly and to help keep traffic moving.

“Our CEOs can issue penalty charge notices to vehicles parked in contravention of waiting restrictions i.e. single or double yellow lines, or overstays in limited waiting bays.

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"Any issues relating to the availability of parking in the area would be for the district council to address, and, with regards to access-only roads, this would be for the police to take action where appropriate.”

Derbyshire Dales District Council did not want to comment.

You can rent a whole hotel with its own pub from £30pp a night

HOLIDAYMAKERS can rent a hotel with its very own pub - from £30pp per night.

The Temple in Matlock Bath, in the  Peak District , sleeps 34 people in 15 bedrooms, has two hot tubs, a games room and two bars all with stylish furniture and décor.

The Georgian Grade II listed former hotel was refurbished in 2019 and is located in two acres of hillside in the historic spa village.

The games room/pub has its own pool table as well as table tennis, air hockey, piano and a six speaker karaoke machine with lights.

It also contains an open fire, for which a first basket of logs is provided, and a large bar with a bottle fridge, so guests can have a night at the pub without leaving the accommodation.

Upstairs, in the first-floor south wing there is a large kitchen with two gas range ovens and hobs, three dishwashers, two microwaves, two kettles, two toasters, two washing machines and two American fridge/freezers.

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