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The Construction of the Eiffel Tower

Discover how the eiffel tower was built, eiffel tower.

Work began in January 26th, 1887 with the digging of the Tower's foundations, which were laid in four months.

Travaux de construction de la tour Eiffel - Poutrelles de base d'un pilier - Juillet 1887 by © Parisienne de photographie - Jacques Boyer / Roger-Viollet Eiffel Tower

The work started on July 1st, 1887 to end twenty-one months later.

All the elements were prepared in Eiffel’s factory in Levallois-Perret, on the outskirts of Paris. Each of the 18,000 pieces used to construct the Tower was specifically designed and calculated, traced out to an accuracy of a tenth of a millimetre and then put together to form new pieces, each measuring around five metres.

On site, a team of builders, who had worked on the great metal viaduct projects, was responsible for the 150 to 300 workers who assembled this gigantic Meccano set.

La tour Eiffel - Un poste de riveurs by © Collection tour Eiffel Eiffel Tower

All the metallic pieces on the Tower were fixed by rivet, this was a well known technique at the time of the construction.

First, the pieces were assembled on site using bolts, later to be replaced one by one with thermally assembled rivets, which contracted during cooling thus ensuring a very tight fit.

A team of four men was needed for each rivet assembled: one to heat it up, another to hold it in place, a third to shape the head and a fourth to beat it with a sledgehammer. Only a third of the 2,500,000 rivets used in the construction of the Tower were inserted directly on site.

The Tower is built with wooden scaffolds and small hoists directly fixed to the Tower. Image taken in January 1888.

A total of 12 temporary wooden scaffolds (30 m in height) and four larger scaffolds (45 m in height) were used to assemble the first floor.

Beginning of the second floor - June 1888

Above the second floor - September 1888

Above the middle floor - December 1888

Boulonnage du joint de deux arbalétriers (L'Exposition de Paris) by © Collection tour Eiffel Eiffel Tower

The journalist Emile Goudeau described the construction site at the beginning of 1889 accordingly: “A thick cloud of tar and coal smoke seized the throat, and we were deafened by the din of metal screaming beneath the hammer.  Over there, ..."

"... they were still working on the bolts: workmen with their iron bludgeons, perched on a ledge just a few centimetres wide, took turns at striking the bolts (these in fact were the rivets). One could have taken them for blacksmiths contentedly beating out a rhythm on an anvil in some village forge, except ..."

"... that these smiths were not striking up and down vertically, but horizontally, and as with each blow came a shower of sparks, these black figures, appearing larger than life against the background of the open sky, looked as if they were reaping lightning bolts in the clouds.”

La tour Eiffel prise du Champ-de-Mars - Exposition universelle de 1889 by © Parisienne de photographie - Neurdein / Roger-Viollet Eiffel Tower

It took just two years, two months and five days to build the Eiffel Tower. Construction work began in January 1887 and was finished on 31 March 1889.

A record speed considering the rudimentary means available at that time. The assembly of the Tower was a marvel of precision, as all the chroniclers of the period agreed.

On the narrow platform at the top, Gustave Eiffel was awarded the Légion d'Honneur.

The Tower's construction in a few figures: 18,038 metal parts ; 5,300 workshop drawings ; 50 engineers and draughtsmen ; 150 workers employed at the Levallois-Perret factory ; between 150 and 300 workers on the construction site ; 2,500,000 rivets ; 7,300 tonnes of iron ; 60 tonnes of paint.

The Eiffel Tower was now ready to receive its first visitors.

Conception—Société d'Exploitation de la Tour Eiffel

The birth of the Eiffel tower

The eiffel tower in 1900, the eiffel tower's inauguration and first visitors.

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Tour eiffel noir et blanc, tour eiffel vintage, 577 tour eiffel 1900  banque photos et images haute résolution, parcourez 577 photos et images disponibles de tour eiffel 1900 , ou utilisez les mots-clés exposition universelle de paris de 1889 ou tour eiffel noir et blanc pour trouver plus de photos et images d’exception..

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The Historic Photograph Collection includes over 2,500 historical images focused on San Jose and Santa Clara County.

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About the Collection

The Historic Photograph Collection includes over 2,500 contact prints, negatives, transparencies, and 35mm slides comprising diverse subjects including schools, churches, businesses, parades, valley views, theaters, street scenes, hotels, the 1906 earthquake, the Winchester House, and residents.

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The majority of the images come from two photographic collections within the California Room. The first is a general collection acquired through various donors . The second is the Clyde Arbuckle Research Collection , purchased from the heirs City Historian, Clyde Arbuckle after his death in 1998.

The bulk of the Historic Photograph Collection focuses on the history of the Bay Area, particularly San José and the Santa Clara Valley from 1870 - 1970s.

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The digital collection currently includes a representative selection of historic photographs from the California Room. New images are added as they are digitized.

Do you recognize a person, place or thing in the photographs that has not been identified in the description? If you have information about any of the images in the collection, or seek information about using these images, please contact the California Room.

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• Tour Eiffel French Bakery

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The most current information about opening hours (especially during the COVID pandemic, snow, and fire seasons) is available at our Visitor Center web page.

Public information.

Lick Observatory is located on the summit of Mount Hamilton, California, roughly 20 miles east of San Jose. The observatory is open to the public year-round Saturday and Sunday, from 12 to 5 p.m. Admission is free, and tours of inside the dome of the 36-inch Great Refractor are given every hour on the half hour by the Gift Shop.

The Gift Shop and Visitor Center are also open on the following days: New Year’s Day, MLK Day, President’s Day, Easter Sunday, Memorial Day, Labor Day, Columbus Day, Thanksgiving Weekend (Friday, Saturday, Sunday only).

The observatory is closed on Independence Day, Veterans Day, Thanksgiving Thursday, and Christmas Day.

Visitor Activities

Make your trip to Lick Observatory a memorable one with our recommendations.

• View exhibits in the main Observatory building, built in 1888. Note the original oak and marble interior.
• Enjoy a short informal talk about Lick history while taking a look at the Great Lick Refractor in the 36-inch telescope dome (no charge). Talks begin at the Gift Shop at  12:30, 1:30, 2:30, 3:30, and 4:30 p.m.
• At the Gift Shop check out Lick Observatory sweatshirts, T-shirts, mugs, wineglasses, astronomical photos, posters, educational toys, and other astronomy-related goodies.
• Take a short walk to the Shane Dome to view the 120-inch Reflector from the Visitors’ Gallery. Displays explain the Shane reflector, one of the major telescopes used to discover extrasolar planets.
• Enjoy the view of the Santa Clara Valley from the parking lot at 4,209 feet. Bring a picnic lunch to eat, or grab a snack or soda at our vending machines.

Learn more about visiting:

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Night Visits

Guests are permitted to visit Lick Observatory at night by purchasing a ticket to the Summer Series from June through September.

Please do not visit the observatory at night without a ticket to one of our evening programs.

Lick Observatory is an active research facility, and at night all of the buildings are locked and astronomers are working at the darkened telescopes. Telescopes require the darkest possible conditions to detect the faint light from celestial objects.The success of our work relies upon minimizing lights around the observatory at night. Thank you.

Travel Prepared

The observatory is more than 20 miles from downtown San Jose along Mt. Hamilton Road at an elevation of 4,200 feet. The road follows a gradual grade laid out over a century ago for horses and carts. It has many sharp curves and is quite narrow in places.

At 4209 feet, weather on Mt. Hamilton may be cool and changeable, so bring a sweater or coat. We do have wheelchair access to the main building from the back.

There are no gasoline or automative services at Mt. Hamilton or anywhere along the road outside of San Jose.

During the winter the road may be closed temporarily due to snowfall. For current road closure information, Visit the  California Highway Information  website and enter Hwy #130.

The Eiffel Tower There's no feeling like it...

Dine on the 1st floor at Madame Brasserie: watch the Paris skyline while you have diner. Without reservation, subject to availability. More information

Tip! Connect to our mobile visitor's guide, a real companion to find your way around and learn more about the Tower! Try

Attendance: Low

09:30 - 23:00

Coming to the Tower

Events at the Tower

Exhibition on the first floor

A journey to the top

Come and discover the Eiffel Tower on the only trip to the top of its kind in Europe, and let pure emotions carry you from the esplanade to the top.

Now at the Tower

Dine on the 1st floor of the Eiffel Tower

Enjoy the spectacle of Paris illuminated over a refined dinner at Madame Brasserie!

Eiffel Tower exclusive collection

Bring home the official snow ball, miniature Eiffel Towers and more exclusive souvenirs!

Free mobile visitor's guide

Enhance your experience at the Tower with your mobile phone. No download required!

Sport at the Eiffel Tower!

The Eiffel Tower invites you to discover a new exhibition, “A Larger-Than-Life Arena: 135 years of sporting feats at the Eiffel Tower”, open until the beginning of April 2024. Located on the first-floor terrace, this free exhibition retraces the major sporting moments and most un...

Breakfast at the Eiffel Tower

If you visit the Eiffel Tower early in the morning and fancy a snack (or two!), take time out for a gourmet break!

The Monumental Tour at the Eiffel Tower

To commemorate the 100th anniversary of Gustave Eiffel’s death, the Eiffel Tower and French DJ & producer Michael Canitrot are presenting an exceptional show, broadcast on social media and television.

History, key figures, lights, paintings, explore all the secrets of the world's most iconic monument

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On every floor, the Eiffel Tower has a range of dining and gift-shop options.

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