journey of robinson crusoe

Robinson Crusoe

Introduction to robinson crusoe.

Robinson Crusoe was written by Daniel Defoe , a canonical foundation in the art of novel and story writing. It was long considered a true story instead of a work of fiction , causing confusion about the author with the hero of the story. It was first published in English on the 25 th of April, 1719. Since its first publication, it has been termed a didactic, confessional, epistolary , and colonial story as well as a travelogue. The story of Robinson Crusoe spans over 28 years of his isolation on an island where he encounters different types of people and animals and learns to survive against all odds. The novel is also a subject of various critiques , picturizations, graphics, and even stage plays., Robinson Crusoe with its simple narrative style was well received in the world of literature and is often credited to being the beginning of realistic fiction in the genres of literary.

Summary of Robinson Crusoe

The storyline opens with Robinson Crusoe, an English boy, living in York of 17 th century England. As the son of a German merchant, Crusoe is told during his childhood to study law, but his love for the sea does not hold him back from expressing his strong desire to his father about voyages to the far-off lands. His father, instead wanted him to find a secure job for himself. Robinson initially wanted to obey his father but could not resist the temptation of fulfilling his longing. So, despite staunch familial opposition and paternal advice, Robinson leaves for London after boarding a ship in the company of his friend. Although his friend leaves him on the next voyage, Robinson does not budge from his stand despite facing a terrible storm during the journey.

However, he wins some financial success after which he makes another plan for such a journey. He leaves his profits in the care of a nice widow. But, he then becomes a victim of Moorish pirates, as well as abduction and becomes, is enslaved to a ruler in the North African town of Sallee. During a fishing expedition, he along with a slave and sail through the coast of Africa . A kind Portuguese captain picks them up and buys the slave boy from Robinson. He takes him to Brazil where he becomes a plantation owner successfully. He then leaves for West Africa on a slave-gathering expedition to bring slaves for his plantation but faces a storm on the way in which his ship is wrecked on the coast of Trinidad.

When Robinson comes to his senses, he sees that he is the sole survivor of the shipwreck and that he would have to fend for himself. Soon he becomes busy making a shelter for himself and preparing food. He returns to the wreckage to extract some food, gunpowder, and a gun and creates a cross to write his date of arrival; September 1, 1659. Soon he becomes an inmate of a shelter he has prepared, rearing goats he finds there on the island. He also maintains a journal to keep a track of everything he does like cleaning his hut, grazing goats, attempts at making candles, discovering sprouting grain, etc. After a while, on June 1660, he finds himself on the deathbed due to an illness and an angel warns him to repent.

However, while drinking tobacco-steeped rum, he experiences exoneration from his sins as God relieves him from this sickness. Soon he busies himself surveying the area and finds that he is on an Island. He constructs a retreat for himself after he declares himself as to its king. He domesticates some animals, makes things of everyday use, and builds a boat for himself to navigate the sea around the island. When he rows around the Island one day, he nearly dies but is thankfully saved as he hears his parrot calling his name once he reaches the shore. Crusoe enjoys several years in peace with his pets and animals when one day he discovers footprints on the seashore. He first thinks that the footprints are that of the devil’s, but later decides that it must be the cannibals. Finally, he arms himself and creates an underground cellar for himself and his pets to live in safety. He hears gunshots yet does not discover anything except a shipwreck the following day.

When he investigates that shipwreck, he sees footprints of cannibals. This alarms him and he keeps a lookout for the cannibals. He later discovers one victim killed and several cannibals chasing another victim. This victim heads straight toward Crusoe who offers him protection, kills the pursuer, and makes others run for their lives. Robinson being well-armed kills most of the cannibals onshore. The victim Robinson saved, becomes his servant for life whom he names Friday to commemorate that day of his life. They start living together in that part of the island where Robinson has built his hut. He finds Friday to be intelligent and starts teaching him English and the biblical concepts of God, life, and death. He, on his part, explains to him about cannibals and tells him about the Spaniards who survived the shipwreck. After this, both of them build a boat but soon find cannibals with three victims landing on their seashore. They fire at them, making them flee for their lives, leaving four victims behind, one of who happens to be the father of Friday which makes him overjoyed. The four men return to Robinson Crusoe’s dwelling and he welcomes them to join his community permanently.

After some days, Friday announces the arrival of a ship with an alarm. When the boarders come on the island, they discover that they are rebels with some captives, including the captain of the ship, which was was taken in mutiny. They chase the mutineers around the island until they surrender, including their ringleader. They make the men bring the ship at which Robinson becomes much elated, showing them that the island is the English territory and that they cannot run away from justice . Finally, when he returns to his home in 1686, he finds that only two of his sisters are alive and the rest of the family members have breathed their last. After retrieving his money from his widow friend, he learns about his planation of Brazil and sells it to have more money that he donates to the widow and his sisters and turns into a catholic to lead a peaceful life. He gets married and after his wife died, Robinson finally leaves as a trader for the East Indies in 1694. He also revisits his island to see it being ruled well by the Spaniards and that it become a wealthy colony.

Major Themes in Robinson Crusoe

• Christianity: The theme of Christianity is significant in the course of the novel through the physical journey of Robinson Crusoe to the island that is also a representation of his spiritual journey to become a good Christian. His initial disregard of the religious beliefs confirms this proposition that he considers his life faithless due to the warning of his father about God has not blessed him. His dream about his non-repenting attitude and his study of the Bible on the island confirms this assumption that Robinson has turned to Christianity and is engaged in its propagation. Also, it gives him a way out from his confusion and provides him with some solace during these dark moments on the island. This long and arduous rumination about religion provides him some confirmation about his belief’s miracle in the shape of Friday, his servant, and an English captain. Some other such incidents and happenings, which first seem disastrous for him, later prove blessings only because of his leanings toward Christianity in that he considers them God’s will and care for him.
• Society: Society and social interaction is another major significant theme of the novel in that Robinson Crusoe flees from his family, including trying to escape from his middle-class social relations in England. It is, in a sense, an escape from responsibilities as well as the obligation of adhering to the social framework. However, when he lands on the island, he comes to know about the value of people and social relations and immediately makes Friday his companion to make a sense of the isolated living. His view of prioritizing his own life over that of the social life by leaving toward the sea shows that he is fed up with the society, which he, later, thinks is necessary for the balanced growth of an individual to survive. However, in another sense, it is also appropriate for an individual to be isolated to learn the value of society as Robinson learns it.
• Individuality: The novel shows the theme of individuality through Robinson Crusoe’s desire of leaving English society despite his father’s warnings. When he is shipwrecked and ends up on an island, he learns about his individuality and the difficulties a person faces when they remain away from society. He also learns to live a sustainable life of independence that is free from the stress of everyday preoccupations and tensions. His final return to the English society, however, confirms to him that the individuality of a person can only prosper in a balanced lifestyle in a social setup where he has the will to leave the social fabric and then return to it when he wants. Yet what he values the most is his liberty and freedom that no harassing father or torturing relations could make a person to be loaded with cares and preoccupations.
• Isolation: Isolation is torturing and also enriching from the social and spiritual point of view . Robinson Crusoe, when he faces himself all alone on the island, not only finds himself isolated from the society but also from his family and faith. However, this isolation from society teaches him the value of self-living and self-reliance, patience, and socialization. When he makes Friday his comrade, he also learns that isolation teaches a person to have others at his beck and call , though, it seems quite contradictory to his freedom-loving nature. This isolation and loneliness bring him close to God and Christianity as he starts preaching later in life after his return to England.
• Independent Living: Self-reliance or independent living is another theme that Robinson Crusoe highlights through his life on the island. When he is alone on the island, he builds his own hut, and also domesticates different animals for his benefit, and starts using Friday for himself, though, at the surface level he is imparting his knowledge. His acts of escape from the master and his plantation in Brazil and later its sale and purchase point to his thinking of living an independent life away from the fever and fret of the daily living of the English urban life.
• Civilization: The theme of civilization unfolds when Crusoe is stranded on an island following the shipwreck. He lives in the wild, taking the fittest of survival to his heart. However, he soon starts spreading civilization when he domesticates animals and parrots and teaches the English language and Christianity to Friday. In one sense, this becomes a tool to spread the civilization that Kipling has called a white man’s burden.
• Nature: Nature and the impact of its forces on human beings in setting the course of their lives is another major theme that Crusoe shows through his story. It entails not only human nature but also natural forces. When Crusoe does not pay heed to his father’s advice, it is the rebellion of his nature, but when he faces a shipwreck, it is the wrath of the natural forces. Ultimately, he comes to know that his own nature mixed with the natural forces could balance the life of a person.
• Colonialism: The novel is highly seductive in presenting the theme of colonialism. Robinson Crusoe’s desire to execute his voyages to different lands and his desire to materially profit from his voyages are a reflection of human desire and the English bent of mind. Although the sane voice of his father restrains him for some time, he finally breaks the barrier by setting out to different islands. His idea of having a plantation in Brazil and its final sale is also a sign of the colonial mind to profit from such ventures.
• Morality: The novel also shows the theme of the existence of a moral framework although it is mostly based on English and Christian morals. Robinson Crusoe considers it his moral duty to save Friday to whom he later teaches Christianity and civilization. He saves several others and kills the cannibals chasing them, considering it a morally upright task.
• Self-Reliance: Crusoe presents the theme of self-reliance through his character that he faces the question of his survival in provision and fending off the animals at the island.

Major Characters Robinson Crusoe

• Robinson Crusoe: Robinson Crusoe is the protagonist of the novel and demonstrates character traits that make him worthy of praise as the hero of the story. His persistence against his father’s advice of not leaving home for his voyages, his perseverance in building a boat and domesticate animals, and his hard work of teaching Friday and sharing The Gospel and English education set him apart in the list of heroes used in the stories of those times. In this connection, Robinson not only shows his resourcefulness but also his intelligence in that he is able to survive on the island and cultivate nature to assist him to leave the island that he ultimately does. His intelligence is also evidenced in his act of investing in the Brazil plantation and saving his life when he is on the boat. However, his character is not without flaws; he is, in a sense, incentivizing colonialism. Despite this, his generosity of giving gifts to his family and others, his assistance to humanity, and his concern for human beings are praiseworthy qualities that win him the love of his family and friends.
• Friday: Friday is the second significant character of Robinson Crusoe, who appears on the scene when Robinson saves him on the island from becoming a victim of the cannibals. However, it proves that he is inferior to him in physical use of power and also in intelligence. Robinson teaches him English language and introduces Christianity. Friday finally becomes his student, as Robinson also trains him to domesticate parrots and goats. Friday also provides solace to Robinson Crusoe in the torturing and trying isolation of the island and proves himself a comrade for him to assist him when he needs him the most. The appeal of his personality lies in the exotic attraction that he exudes for Crusoe when expressing his love for the English man.
• Portuguese Captain: The Captain saves Crusoe from the bloodthirsty Moors and permits him to board his ship to go to Brazil. Robinson Crusoe, in his turn, establishes himself as the owner of the plantation over there, becoming a rich man. The second time he comes into contact with Robinson is when he returns home and the captain ensures him the safety of his plantation in Brazil and Captain arranges to sell at a hefty profit and brings money to him. His timely and appropriate assistance to Robinson wins him laurels from the readers also which is suggestive of his being a tool for the entrepreneur spirit. His coincidental appearance for the second time in the novel suggests the role of providence in the course of the novel as a miracle where human beings seem looking toward God for divine assistance in mundane matters. His morally upright position in conducting safe deals for Robinson wins him the admiration of the readers.
• The English Captain: The English Captain is testimony to the Englishness of Robinson Crusoe when Robinson saves his life on the island. The captain promises to rescue Robinson to take him back. Both of them fight against the mutineers to wrest the ship from their possession and help each other to return to the crew/civilization. The meeting of both the English men also testifies to better ingenuity and education.
• The Spaniard: The Spaniard is saved by Robinson from becoming a likely victim of the cannibals after his ship was wrecked near the island where Robinson has been living. He becomes compliant to Crusoe, considering him the owner of the island, and works for him until he and Crusoe both leave the island for good.
• Xury: Xury lies is also a non-white character who becomes Robinson’s friend when both of them join hands with slaves to escape Sallee island in a boat when others flee but they stay on the boat. Robinson, however, sells this pliant boy to the Portuguese captain, showing the English mentality of occupying human beings and humanity of that time.
• Robinson Crusoe’s Wife: Robinson Crusoe’s wife lives a respectable life in England with their children. However, when she departs from the scene after her death, he again takes to his addiction to voyaging and leaves England, showing the power of femininity of settling down the patriarchal wayward spirit.
• The W idow : A widow is an honest person who keeps Robinson’s 200 pounds safe when he travels around the world and continues for more than three decades. Her goodwill extends to Robinson Crusoe when he returns and gets back his money.
• Will Atkins: Will Atkins is known for his rebellion against the English captain who later refuses to forgive him due to his severity toward him during the mutiny. However, Robinson leaves him on the island to save his life.
• Robinson Crusoe’s Nephews and Sisters: Robinson’s family members, his two sisters, and nephews are minor and known for his familial relations. He brings them up with English traditions, making one of them a sailor and the other a good gentleman.

Writing Style of Robinson Crusoe

The writing style of Daniel Defoe in Robinson Crusoe is simple and direct in the first-person narrative as told by Robinson himself, the main narrator . The presentation of details to show realism through a travelogue demonstrates the journalistic capability of the author but at the same time, he has also used long sentences and spare use of adjectives . As far as the devices are concerned, the author is dexterous in the use of metaphors and extended similes along with rhetorical devices of pathos , ethos , and logos . The use of navigational jargon and maritime vocabulary has also played a role in lending credence to Robinson’s story.

Analysis of the Literary Devices in Robinson Crusoe

• Action: The main action of the novel comprises the whole life, growth, and voyages of Robinson Crusoe until the end of his life in England. The rising action occurs when Crusoe shows disobedience to his father and leaves for a voyage with a merchant. The falling action occurs when he faces a shipwreck on his second adventure and finds himself stranded on an island at the mercy of animals and cannibals.
• Allegory : The novel is an allegory as it shows Crusoe justifying his actions on moral and religious grounds when he starts teaching Christianity and the English language to Friday.
• Allusion : The novel shows good use of different allusions such as, i. I knew where my Patroon’s Case of Bottles stood, which it was evident by the make were taken out of some English Prize; and I convey’d them into the Boat while the Moor was on Shoar, as if they had been there before, for our Master: I convey’d also a great Lump of Bees-Wax into the Boat, which weighed above half a Hundred Weight, with a Parcel of Twine or Thread, a Hatchet, a Saw and a Hammer, all which were of great Use to us afterwards; especially the Wax to make Candles. (77) ii. As I had been one Voyage to this Coast before, I knew very well that the Islands of the Canaries , and the Cape de Verd Islands also, lay not far off from the Coast. (81) iii. The same Day I went on board we set sail, standing away to the Northward upon our own Coast, with Design to stretch over for the Affrican Coast, when they came about or  Degrees of Northern Latitude, which it seems was the manner of their Course in those Days. (93) iv. Notion of Jesus Christ being sent to redeem us, and of the Manner of making our Prayers to God, and his being able to hear us, even into Heaven; he told me one  Day, that if our God could hear us upbeyond the Sun, he must needs be a greater God than their Benamuckee , who liv’d but a little way off, and yet could not hear, till they went up to the great Mountains where he dwelt, to speak to him. (240) The first example shows allusions of navigation and marine life, the second of geographical locations, the third of geographical jargon, and the last of Biblical tales.
• Antagonist : Natural calamities and sea storms are the main antagonists of the novel as they appear to obstruct all avenues for Robinson Crusoe to force him to try his surviving human skills.
• Conflict : The novel shows both external as well as internal conflicts. The external conflict is going on between Robinson Crusoe and his father, then between Crusoe and cannibals and animals, and then between Crusoe and the mutineers. The internal conflict, however, is going on in the mind of Crusoe about his actions and his behavior vis-à-vis the advice of his father.
• Characters: The novel shows both static as well as dynamic characters. The young man, Robinson Crusoe, is a dynamic character as he shows a considerable transformation in his behavior and conduct by the end of the novel. However, all other characters are static as they do not show or witness any transformation such as Friday, The English captain, Xury, or even his father.
• Climax : The climax in the novel occurs when Robinson Crusoe finds himself trapped on the island after confronting the storm in which his ship is wrecked.
• Foreshadowing : The novel shows many instances of foreshadows such as, i. I Was born in the Year 1632, in the City of York ,* of a good Family, tho’ not of that Country, my Father being a Foreigner of Bremen ,*who settled first at Hull . (62) ii. I observed in this last Part of his Discourse , which was truly Prophetick, tho’ I suppose my Father did not know it to be so himself; I say, I observed the Tears run down his Face very plentifully. (64) The mention of his father, his father’s profession, and then of his own tears show that Crusoe is going to have trying times ahead.
• Hyperbole : The novel shows various examples of hyperboles such as, i. I expected every Wave would have swallowed us up, and that every time the Ship fell down, as I thought, in the Trough or Hollow of the Sea. (66) ii. I got up out of my Cabbin, and look’d out; but such a dismal Sight I never saw: The Sea went Mountains high, and broke upon us every three or four Minutes. (68) iii. Then all Hands were called to the Pump. At that very Word my Heart, as I thought, died within me, and I fell backwards upon the Side of my Bed where I sat, into the Cabbin. (70) These examples exaggerate things as the wave swallowing up, the sea high as mountains, and the heart has died.
• Imagery : Robinson Crusoe shows the use of imagery as shown in the below examples, i. It happen’d one time, that going a fishing in a stark calm Morning, a Fog rose so thick, that tho’ we were not half a League from the Shoar we lost Sight of it; and rowing we knew not whither or which way, we labour’d all Day and all the next Night , and when the Morning came we found we had pull’d off to Sea instead of pulling in for the Shoar; and that we were at least two Leagues from the Shoar: However we got well in again, tho’ with a great deal of Labour, and some Danger; for the Wind began to blow pretty fresh in the Morning; but particularly we were all very hungry. (76) ii. The Mouth of this Hollow, was at the Bottom of a great Rock, where by meer accident, (I would say, if I did not see abundant Reason to ascribe all such Things now to Providence) I was cutting down some thick Branches of Trees , to make Charcoal; and before I go on, I must observe the Reason of my making this Charcoal; which was thus. (206) These two examples show images of color, light, and sight.
• Metaphor : Robinson Crusoe shows good use of various metaphors as given in the below examples, i. I cast my Eyes to the stranded Vessel, when the Breach and Froth of the Sea being so big, I could hardly see it, it lay so far off, and considered, Lord! how was it possible I could get on Shore? (98) ii. My Thoughts were now wholly employ’d about securing my self against either Savages, if any should appear, or wild Beasts, if any were in the Island. (107) iii. How can he sweeten the bitterest Providences, and give us Cause to praise him for Dungeons and Prisons. What a Table was here spread for me in a Wilderness , where I saw nothing at first but to perish for Hunger. (182) These examples show that several things have been compared directly in the novel such as the first shows his eyes as if they are a net, the second his thoughts as if they are hooks , and the last the island as if it is a table.
• Mood : The novel shows various moods; it starts on a happy and optimistic note but turns out highly somber and dreadful as it moves and ends in a hopeful mood .
• Motif : Most important motifs of the novel are isolation, individuality, society, and religion.
• Narrator : The novel is narrated from the first-person point of view, who is the protagonist, Robinson Crusoe. The novel starts when he starts his narrative of navigating the seas and ends when he returns home after long voyages.
• Personification : The novel shows examples of personifications such as, i. The Wave that came upon me again, buried me at once 20 or 30 Foot deep in its own Body; and I could feel my self carried with a mighty Force and Swiftness towards the Shore a very great Way. (97) ii. She lay almost where she did at first, but not quite; and was turn’d by the Force of the Waves and the Winds almost Bottom upward, against a high Ridge of Beachy rough Sand; but no Water about her as before. (163) iii. In my viewing the Sea from that Hill where I stood, I perceiv’d a strong, and indeed, a most furious Current, which run to the East , and even came close to the Point; and I took the more Notice of it, because I saw there might be some Danger; that when I came into it. (174) These examples show as if the waves, boat, and the sea have the life of their own.
• Protagonist : Robinson Crusoe is the protagonist of the novel. The novel starts with his entry and moves forward as he grows young and takes up to voyaging across the oceans and living on the islands.
• Rhetorical Questions : The novel shows good use of rhetorical questions at several places such as, i. But judge you, if you can, that read my Story, what a Surprize I must be in, when I was wak’d out of my Sleep by a Voice calling me by my Name several times, Robin , Robin , Robin Crusoe , poor Robin Crusoe , where are you Robin Crusoe ? Where are you? Where have you been? (178) ii. I do not mean, that I entertain’d any Fear of their Number; for as they were naked, unarm’d Wretches, ’tis certain I was superior to them; nay, though I had been alone; but it occurr’d to my Thoughts, What Call? What Occasion? much less, What Necessity I was in to go and dip my Hands in Blood, to attack People, who had neither done, or intended me any Wrong? (252) This example shows the use of rhetorical questions posed by Robinson Crusoe to himself not to elicit answers but to stress upon the underlined idea.
• Setting : The setting of the novel is somewhere in Africa, Brazil, and then some island in the Atlantic as well as England.
• Simile : The novel shows good use of various similes as given in the examples below, i. I added a Wick of some Oakum, I made me a Lamp; and this gave me Light, tho’ not a clear steady Light like a Candle. (67) ii. I made me a Cave just behind my Tent, which serv’d me like a Cellar to my House. (109) iii. I went out with my Gun and kill’d two Fowls like Ducks, which were very good Food. (119) iv. I had a short Jacket of Goat-Skin, the Skirts coming down to about the middle of my Thighs; and a Pair of open-knee’d Breeches of the same, the Breeches were made of the Skin of an old He-goat, whose Hair hung down such a Length on either Side, that like Pantaloons it reach’d to the middle of my Legs; Stockings and Shoes I had none, but had made me a Pair of some-things, I scarce know what to call them, like Buskins to flap over my Legs, and lace on either Side like Spatter-dashes; but of a most barbarous Shape, as indeed were all the rest of my Cloaths. (184) These are similes as the use of the word “like” shows the comparison between different things.

Related posts:

• Daniel Defoe
• The Importance of Being Earnest
• The Hound of the Baskervilles

Post navigation

A Summary and Analysis of Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe

By Dr Oliver Tearle (Loughborough University)

Robinson Crusoe, often called the first English novel, was written by Daniel Defoe and published in 1719. The novel is the tale of one man’s survival on a desert island following a shipwreck. Published in 1719, the book didn’t carry Defoe’s name, and it was offered to the public as a true account of real events, documented by a real man named Crusoe. But readers were immediately sceptical.

In the same year as the novel appeared, a man named Charles Gildon actually published Robinson Crusoe Examin’d and Criticis’d , in which he showed that Crusoe was made up and the events of the novel were fiction. The name ‘Crusoe’, by the way, may have been taken from Timothy Cruso, who had been a classmate of Defoe’s and who had gone on to write guidebooks.  

What follows is a short summary of the main plot of Robinson Crusoe , followed by an analysis of this foundational novel and its key themes.

Robinson Crusoe : summary

The novel, famously, is about how the title character, Robinson Crusoe, becomes marooned on an island off the north-east coast of South America. As a young man, Crusoe had gone to sea in the hope of making his fortune. Crusoe is on a ship bound for Africa, where he plans to buy slaves for his plantations in South America, when the ship is wrecked on an island and Crusoe is the only survivor.

Alone on a desert island, Crusoe manages to survive thanks to his pluck and pragmatism. He keeps himself sane by keeping a diary, manages to build himself a shelter, and finda a way of salvaging useful goods from the wrecked ship, including guns.

Twelve years pass in this way, until one momentous day, Crusoe finds a single human footprint in the sand! But he has to wait another ten years before he discovers the key to the mystery: natives from the nearby islands, who practise cannibalism, have visited the island, and when they next return, Crusoe attacks them, using his musket salvaged from the shipwreck all those years ago.

He takes one of the natives captive, and names him Man Friday, because – according to Crusoe’s (probably inaccurate) calendar, that’s the day of the week on which they first meet.

Crusoe teaches Man Friday English and converts him to Christianity. When Crusoe learns that Man Friday’s fellow natives are keeping white prisoners on their neighbouring island, he vows to rescue them. Together, the two of them build a boat. When more natives attack the island with captives, Crusoe and Friday rescue the captives and kill the natives. The two captives they’ve freed are none other than Friday’s own father and a Spanish man.

Crusoe sends them both off to the other island in the newly made boat, telling them to free the other prisoners. Meanwhile, a ship arrives at the island: a mutiny has taken place on board, and the crew throw the captain and his loyal supporters onto the island.

Before the ship can leave, Crusoe has teamed up with the captain and his men, and between them they retake the ship from the mutineers, who settle on the island while Crusoe takes the ship home to England.

Robinson Crusoe has been away from England for many years by this stage – he was marooned on his island for over twenty years – and his parents have died. But he has become wealthy, thanks to his plantations in Brazil, so he gets married and settles down. His wife dies a few years later, and Crusoe – along with Friday – once again leaves home.

Robinson Crusoe : analysis

Robinson Crusoe is a novel that is probably more known about than it is read these days, and this leads to a skewed perception of what the book is really about. In the popular imagination, Robinson Crusoe is a romantic adventure tale about a young man who goes to sea to have exciting experiences, before finding himself alone on a desert island and accustoming himself, gradually, to his surroundings, complete with a parrot for his companion.

In reality, this is only partially true (although he does befriend a parrot at one point). But the key to understanding Defoe’s novel is its context: early eighteenth-century mercantilism and Enlightenment values founded on empiricism (i.e. observing what’s really there) rather than some anachronistic Romantic worship of the senses, or ‘man’s communion with his environment’.

And talking of his environment, Crusoe spends the whole novel trying to build a boat so he can escape his island, and leaves when the first ship comes along. While he’s there, he bends the island’s natural resources to his own ends, rather than acclimatising to his alien surroundings.

In this respect, he’s not so different from a British person on holiday in Alicante, who thinks speaking English very loudly at the Spanish waiter will do the job very nicely rather than attempting to converse in Spanish.

This tells us a great deal about Robinson Crusoe the man but also Robinson Crusoe the novel. It was written at a time when Britain was beginning to expand its colonial sights, and it would shortly become the richest and most powerful country on earth, thanks to its imperial expeditions in the Caribbean, Africa, and parts of Asia, notably India.

Crusoe embodies this pioneering mercantile spirit: he is obsessed with money (he even picks up coins on his island and keeps them, even though he cannot spend them), and takes great pleasure in the physical objects, such as the guns and powder, which he rescues from the wreck. Man Friday is, in the last analysis, his own private servant.

But was Robinson Crusoe the first such ‘Robinsonade’? Not really. This, from Martin Wainwright: ‘There is a tale for our troubled times about a man on a desert island, who keeps goats, builds a shelter and finally discovers footprints in the sand. But it is not called Robinson Crusoe. It was written by a wise old Muslim from Andalusia and is the third most translated text from Arabic after the Koran and the Arabian Nights.’

That book is The Improvement of Human Reason: Exhibited in the Life of Hai Ebn Yokdhan , known as the first Arabic novel (just as Robinson Crusoe is often cited as the first English novel), written in the twelfth century by a Moorish philosopher living in Spain.

Yes, Robinson Crusoe wasn’t the first fictional narrative to take place on a desert island, although it has proved the most influential among English writers.

Although Defoe is widely believed to have been influenced by the real-life experiences of the Scottish man Alexander Selkirk (who spent over four years alone on a Pacific island, living on fish, berries, and wild goats), one important textual influence that has been proposed is Hai Ebn Yokdhan’s book.

Severin cites the case of a man named Henry Pitman, who wrote a short book recounting his adventures in the Caribbean (not the Pacific, which is where Selkirk was marooned) following his escape from a penal colony and his subsequent shipwrecking and survival on a desert island.

Pitman appears to have lived in the same area of London as Defoe, and Defoe may have met Pitman in person and learned of his experiences first-hand. It is also revealing that both men had taken part in the Monmouth Rebellion of 1685 (in the wake of which, at Judge Jeffreys’ infamous ‘Bloody Assizes’, Defoe was lucky not to be sentenced to death).

Discover more from Interesting Literature

Subscribe to get the latest posts to your email.

Type your email…

2 thoughts on “A Summary and Analysis of Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe”

Ummm.. who was “the wise old muslim”? What was the book? Another precursor is Henry Neville’s The Isle of Pines, pub;ished a few years earlier. https://www.cbeditions.com/GoodMorningMrCrusoe.html for another intreresting history and meditation on RC.

• Pingback: Be joyful in hope, patient in affliction, persistent in prayer. * | dual personalities

Comments are closed.

Subscribe now to keep reading and get access to the full archive.

Continue reading

Robinson Crusoe Study Guide | Literature Guide

Summary of robinson crusoe.

Robinson Crusoe summary will take you through the journey of an impulsive wanderer, named Robinson Crusoe. He is a young man who wishes to explore the sea. However, his parents are not in favour of this decision. Nonetheless, he defies them and wishes to go on with his decision. On his journey at sea, he faces a series of violent storms. This does not deter him and completes his trip successfully.

Further, Robinson Crusoe summary tells us about his second journey where his luck doesn’t work out. He is taken as a prisoner but manages to escape from there. Robinson then moves to an island and learns to lead his life peacefully there all alone. After many years, he returns to his home and marries. However, the wanderer in him is not satisfied and he sets out on a sea voyage again to the island he once lived on.

Robinson Crusoe Summary in English

Robinson Crusoe is a story written by Daniel Defoe . Thus, Robinson Crusoe summary will take us through what all happens in it. The protagonist is an adventurer who wishes to travel abroad.

Even though his parents do not want him to, he still goes on to do it. He boards a ship and goes to London. However, he faces fierce storms at sea and another ship rescues him and the others on board.

After that, we learn in Robinson Crusoe summary that he goes to London and brings some goods from there. Thus, after selling them he gains a good amount and becomes a merchant progressively.

Further, Robinson goes on a voyage which is not as lucky as the last one. A Turkish vessel captures his ship and enslaves everyone including him. He spends two years as a slave but finally escapes with another slave, Xury.

A Portuguese ship rescues them and he again starts a sugar business which flourishes. Once again, he sets on another voyage and gets caught in a storm. Crusoe is the sole survivor and ends up on an island.

Now, Robinson Crusoe summary moves on to describe his adventures on the island. He starts making peace with the fact that he is stuck there so he starts building his life. Slowly, he learns survival skills to make it there.

As he is in such solitude, he repents over his sins and turns to Christianity. Slowly, he also starts domesticating animals and building a canoe. He falls ill and prays for his recovery and an angel comes in dreams.

After recovering, Robinson believes he is the king of the island with animals around him who comfort him. Then, he visits the other side of the island and resides there as there are plenty of fruits there.

However, one fine day, he notices a giant footprint and loses his peace. He worries that there might be savages out there. Finally, he discovers cannibals and runs back and expands his protection.

He grows anxious with the thought of them eating him up. One day, he rescues a boy from the cannibals and kills them. Owing Crusoe his life, the boy becomes his servant whom he names Friday.

Gradually, Crusoe rescues other people too and becomes their leader. After a good time on the island, he departs for England. Upon reaching, he learns his plantations are flourishing resulting in a steady income.

In the end, Crusoe marries and begets three children. After his wife’s demise, he again makes a sea voyage to the island he once lived at. And, there he learns the island is booming under the rule of the Spanish.

Conclusion of Robinson Crusoe Summary

Robinson Crusoe summary is about survival and how humans can do things beyond their capabilities when the need arises. Moreover, it also tells us a great deal about societal expectations.

Customize your course in 30 seconds

Which class are you in.

English Literature

• Treasure Trove Poems Summary
• Television Summary
• Daffodils Summary
• The Bangle Sellers Summary
• The Little Match Girl Summary
• The Cold Within Summary
• Treasure Trove Short Stories Summary
• The Patriot Summary
• After Blenheim Summary
• My Greatest Olympic Prize Summary

3 responses to “My Greatest Olympic Prize Summary”

The wonderful summary thank you for this.

They did not belong to the family of gorden cook and you also didn’t write the spelling correct it’s James cook 😶😑

What’s funny is that Miss Fairchild said the line- “Money isn’t everything. But people always misunderstand things and remain stupid-” when she herself misunderstood the situation.

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Download the App

• Quicksearch
• Search Library Catalog (Orbis)
• Search Law Library Catalog (MORRIS)
• Search Borrow Direct
• Search WorldCat
• Search Articles+
• Search Digital Collections
• Search Archives at Yale
• Research Guides
• Find Databases by Title
• Find eJournals by Title
• Guide to Using Special Collections
• Your Personal Librarian
• Subject Specialists
• Research Support and Workshops
• Citation Tools
• OverDrive: Popular Audio and eBooks
• Get It @ Yale (Borrow Direct, Interlibrary Loan, Scan & Deliver)
• Course Reserves
• Off-Campus Access
• Bass Media Equipment

Libraries & Collections

• Arts Library
• Bass Library
• Beinecke Library
• Classics Library
• Divinity Library
• Film Study Center
• Fortunoff Archive
• Humanities Collections
• International Collections
• Law Library
• Lewis Walpole Library
• Library Collection Services
• Manuscripts & Archives
• Map Collection
• Marx Science & Social Science Library
• Medical Library
• Music Library
• Sterling Library
• Yale Center for British Art

Information & Policies

• Library Hours
• Departments & Staff
• Borrowing & Circulation
• Services for Persons with Disabilities
• Copyright Basics
• Scanning, Printing & Copying
• Computers & Wireless
• Library Policies
• About the Library
• Giving to the Library
• Purchase Request
• Working at the Library
• Terms Governing Use of Materials

A Map of the world, on wch is delineated the voyages of Robinson Cruso

Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library > A Map of the world, on wch is delineated the voyages of Robinson Cruso

Description

Collection information, subjects, formats, and genres, access and usage rights, identifiers.

• View in Mirador
• Download as PDF
• Systems Status
• Privacy Policy
• Accessibility at Yale

Robinson Crusoe Island

An Island is defined as a mass of land that is surrounded by water on all sides. Covering an area of about 47.94 km 2 , Robinson Crusoe Island is the second-largest island in the Juan Fernández Archipelago located in the South Pacific Ocean. Robinson Crusoe Island (Isla Róbinson Crusoe) was formerly named “Más a Tierra.” The government of Chile changed the island’s name to Robinson Crusoe Island in 1966. The island was so named since it hosted the marooned sailor Alexander Selkirk for more than four years from 1704 to 1709. It is said that Alexander Selkirk’s tale inspired the English author Daniel Defoe for penning his novel, Robinson Crusoe .

The Juan Fernández Archipelago is composed of three volcanic islands: Alejandro Selkirk Island, Robinson Crusoe Island, and the much smaller Santa Clara Island. Robinson Crusoe Island is located about 670 km to the west of the Chilean city of San Antonio.

Robinson Crusoe Island features a rugged mountainous terrain that has been formed due to the ancient lava flows added by numerous volcanic activities. El Yunque is the island’s highest point, rising to an elevation of only 915 m. Many steep valleys and ridges have been formed on the island due to severe erosions. Cordón Escarpado is a narrow peninsula that is situated in the island’s southwestern portion. Among the islands of the Juan Fernández Archipelago, Alejandro Selkirk Island and Robinson Crusoe Island are the only inhabited ones and Robinson Crusoe Island is the most populous in the archipelago. Most of the island’s population resides in the coastal village of San Juan Bautista, which is situated at Cumberland Bay on the island’s northeastern coast.

This mountainous island experiences a subtropical climate that is in turn moderated by the cold Humboldt Current , which flows in the island’s eastern part. The average temperature on the island varies between 3 to 34 °C, and the annual mean temperature is about 15.4 °C. The island receives a heavy amount of rainfall during the winter season and the higher parts of the island experience occasional frosts.

Brief History

Robinson Crusoe Island was originally named Juan Fernandez Island after a Spanish captain who first landed on this island in 1574. The Royal Navy officer Alexander Selkirk was marooned here by his captain and lived all alone for more than four years from 1704 onwards. As per the descriptions in the book Two Years Before the Mast , the island was used as a prison center but was subsequently abandoned. In the late 19th century, the island became a permanent colony. On February 27, 2010, a massive tsunami struck the island after an 8.8 magnitude earthquake. Several residents of the island were killed and major parts of San Juan Bautista village were washed away by the 3 m high waves of the tsunami.  

The islands of the Juan Fernández Archipelago are amazing floristic regions and are regarded as parts of the Antarctic Floristic Kingdom as well as the Neotropical Kingdom. Robinson Crusoe Island also hosts an exceptional amount of plant biodiversity and supports more than 343 native plant taxa, of which about 132 plant species are endemic. Lactoris fernandeziana is a flowering shrub that is endemic to the island’s forests. Along with the small Santa Clara Island, Robinson Crusoe Island has been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area and supports many birds like the critically endangered Juan Fernández firecrown, the Juan Fernández tit-tyrant, Masatíerra petrel, the pink-footed shearwater, and the Magellanic penguin. About 230 insect species have also been recorded from the island. A World Biosphere Reserve since 1977, Robinson Crusoe Island has immense scientific significance due to its large number of endemic floral and faunal species. 

More in Landforms

Mount Olympus

Mount Townsend

Is Florida A Peninsula?

Isla Mujeres

The Deepest Canyons In The United States

The Longest Caves in the World

11 of America's Most Famous Geysers

The Deepest Caves In The World

Robinson Crusoe

Daniel defoe, ask litcharts ai: the answer to your questions.

As much as Defoe's novel is about Robinson's literal, physical journey, it is also about his more metaphorical, spiritual journey toward Christianity. In the beginning of the novel, Robinson disregards Christianity and leads a life that he later looks back on as wicked. He discounts his father's warning that God will not bless him if he goes to sea, and does not thank God when he is rescued from the storm on the way to London, or by the Portuguese captain off the coast of Africa. However, after he dreams one night of a strange figure scolding him for not repenting, Robinson turns to Christianity on the island and eagerly studies the Bible. With his newfound Christianity, Robinson is never entirely alone on his island, because he can converse with God through prayer. Moreover, Christianity offers Robinson a way to make sense of his life and its various twists and turns. He sees his rebelling against his father as his original sin, for which he was then punished by being taken as a slave and then by being shipwrecked. However, he was blessed and saved by God by being saved from drowning and ending up on the island with enough provisions to survive. After repenting, Robinson sees himself as further blessed by various miracles, whether the accidental growing of his first crops or the arrival of Friday and the English captain . In addition, Robinson comes to see various unpredictable natural disasters like storms, hurricanes, and the earthquake that damages his island home as signs from God, instruments of his divine agency.

As Christianity becomes more and more central to Robinson's life (and to Defoe's novel), one of the most important aspects of it is the idea of divine providence. Closely linked to ideas of fate, this is the idea that God has foresight of our fortunes and is looking out for us. Along this understanding, events that seem like coincidences or unexplainable surprises turn out to be part of God's wise plan. This is how Robinson ends up seeing his being shipwrecked. What seemed like a disaster at first turns out to be a blessing in disguise: Robinson grows to love the island, learns much from his experience there, and comes to Christianity as a result of his life there. When the English captain arrives on the island, Robinson sees this as further proof of divine providence, as someone has come to rescue him at last, while the captain sees Robinson as an instrument of God's providence for him: the captain thinks that Robinson was saved on the island precisely to help save him. These two characters have confidence in their belief in God's providence, that there is some overarching plan behind the unpredictable whims of fortune. And Defoe seems to share this conviction, as the fictional editor who introduces the novel claims that it is an illustration of "the wisdom of Providence in all the variety of our circumstances." The novel thus urges the reader to have faith in God's divine plan. Interestingly, the reader must place a similar kind of trust in Defoe, as he or she must trust that there is some overarching plan or purpose behind the meandering, wandering plot of the novel, that Defoe will deliver his reader to some kind of satisfactory conclusion or ending.

Christianity and Divine Providence ThemeTracker

Christianity and Divine Providence Quotes in Robinson Crusoe

The story is told with modesty, with seriousness, and with a religious application of events to the uses to which wise men always apply them (viz.) to the instruction of others by this example, and to justify and honor the wisdom of Providence in all the variety of our circumstances, let them happen how they will.

My father, who was very ancient, had given me a competent share of learning, as far as house-education and a country free school generally go, and designed me for the law; but I would be satisfied with nothing but going to sea; and my inclination to this led me so strongly against the will, nay, the commands of my father, and against all the entreaties and persuasions of my mother and other friends, that there seemed to be something fatal in that propensity of nature, tending directly to the life of misery which was to befall me.

The ship was no sooner out of the Humber than the wind began to blow and the sea to rise in a most frightful manner; and, as I had never been at sea before, I was most inexpressibly sick in body and terrified in mind. I began now seriously to reflect upon what I had done, and how justly I was overtaken by the judgment of Heaven for my wicked leaving my father's house, and abandoning my duty. All the good counsels of my parents, my father's tears and my mother's entreaties, came now fresh into my mind; and my conscience, which was not yet come to the pitch of hardness to which it has since, reproached me with the contempt of advice, and the breach of my duty to God and my father.

At this surprising change of my circumstances, from a merchant to a miserable slave, I was perfectly overwhelmed; and now I looked back upon my father's prophetic discourse to me, that I should be miserable and have none to relieve me, which I thought was now so effectually brought to pass that I could not be worse; for now the hand of Heaven had overtaken me, and I was undone without redemption; but, alas! this was but a taste of the misery I was to go through, as will appear in the sequel of this story.

He offered me also sixty pieces of eight more for my boy Xury, which I was loth to take; not that I was unwilling to let the captain have him, but I was very loth to sell the poor boy's liberty, who had assisted me so faithfully in procuring my own. However, when I let him know my reason, he owned it to be just, and offered me this medium, that he would give the boy an obligation to set him free in ten years, if he turned Christian; upon this, and Xury saying he was willing to go to him, I let the captain have him.

In this manner I used to look upon my condition with the utmost regret. I had nobody to converse with, but now and then this neighbour; no work to be done, but by the labour of my hands; and I used to say, I lived just like a man cast away upon some desolate island, that had nobody there but himself. But how just has it been—and how should all men reflect, that when they compare their present conditions with others that are worse, Heaven may oblige them to make the exchange, and be convinced of their former felicity by their experience—I say, how just has it been, that the truly solitary life I reflected on, in an island of mere desolation, should be my lot, who had so often unjustly compared it with the life which I then led, in which, had I continued, I had in all probability been exceeding prosperous and rich.

I had great reason to consider it as a determination of Heaven, that in this desolate place, and in this desolate manner, I should end my life. The tears would run plentifully down my face when I made these reflections; and sometimes I would expostulate with myself why Providence should thus completely ruin His creatures, and render them so absolutely miserable; so without help, abandoned, so entirely depressed, that it could hardly be rational to be thankful for such a life.

Evil: I am singled out and separated, as it were, from all the world, to be miserable. Good: But I am singled out, too, from all the ship's crew, to be spared from death; and He that miraculously saved me from death can deliver me from this condition. Evil: I am divided from mankind—a solitaire; one banished from human society.

I had hitherto acted upon no religious foundation at all; indeed, I had very few notions of religion in my head, nor had entertained any sense of anything that had befallen me otherwise than as chance, or, as we lightly say, what pleases God, without so much as inquiring into the end of Providence in these things, or His order in governing events for the world. But after I saw barley grow there, in a climate which I knew was not proper for corn, and especially that I knew not how it came there, it startled me strangely, and I began to suggest that God had miraculously caused His grain to grow without help of seed sown, and that it was so directed purely for my sustenance on that wild, miserable place.

"Now," said I, aloud, "my dear father's words are come to pass; God's justice has overtaken me, and I have none to help or hear me. I rejected the voice of Providence, which had mercifully put me in a posture or station of life wherein I might have been happy and easy; but I would neither see it myself nor learn to know the blessing of it from my parents. ...Lord, be my help, for I am in great distress." This was the first prayer, if I may call it so, that I had made for many years.

Now I looked back upon my past life with such horror, and my sins appeared so dreadful, that my soul sought nothing of God but deliverance from the load of guilt that bore down all my comfort. As for my solitary life, it was nothing. I did not so much as pray to be delivered from it or think of it; it was all of no consideration in comparison to this. And I add this part here, to hint to whoever shall read it, that whenever they come to a true sense of things, they will find deliverance from sin a much greater blessing than deliverance from affliction.

I could not tell what part of the world this might be, otherwise than that I knew it must be part of America, and, as I concluded by all my observations, must be near the Spanish dominions, and perhaps was all inhabited by savages, where, if I had landed, I had been in a worse condition than I was now; and therefore I acquiesced in the dispositions of Providence, which I began now to own and to believe ordered everything for the best; I say I quieted my mind with this, and left off afflicting myself with fruitless wishes of being there.

I gave humble and hearty thanks that God had been pleased to discover to me that it was possible I might be more happy in this solitary condition than I should have been in the liberty of society, and in all the pleasures of the world; that He could fully make up to me the deficiencies of my solitary state, and the want of human society, by His presence and the communications of His grace to my soul; supporting, comforting, and encouraging me to depend upon His providence here, and hope for His eternal presence hereafter.

In the first place, I was removed from all the wickedness of the world here; I had neither the lusts of the flesh, the lusts of the eye, nor the pride of life. I had nothing to covet, for I had all that I was now capable of enjoying; I was lord of the whole manor; or, if I pleased, I might call myself king or emperor over the whole country which I had possession of.

How strange a chequer-work of Providence is the life of man! and by what secret different springs are the affections hurried about, as different circumstances present! To-day we love what to-morrow we hate; to-day we seek what to-morrow we shun; to-day we desire what to-morrow we fear, nay, even tremble at the apprehensions of. This was exemplified in me, at this time, in the most lively manner imaginable; for I, whose only affliction was that I seemed banished from human society, that I was alone, circumscribed by the boundless ocean, cut off from mankind, and condemned to what I call silent life; that I was as one whom Heaven thought not worthy to be numbered among the living, or to appear among the rest of His creatures; that to have seen one of my own species would have seemed to me a raising me from death to life, and the greatest blessing that Heaven itself, next to the supreme blessing of salvation, could bestow; I say, that I should now tremble at the very apprehensions of seeing a man, and was ready to sink into the ground at but the shadow or silent appearance of a man having set his foot in the island.

And therefore it could not be just for me to fall upon them; that this would justify the conduct of the Spaniards in all their barbarities practiced in America, where they destroyed millions of these people; who, however they were idolators and barbarians, and had several bloody and barbarous rites in their customs, such as sacrificing human bodies to their idols, were yet, as to the Spaniards, very innocent people; and that the rooting them out of the country is spoken of with the utmost abhorrence and detestation by even the Spaniards themselves at this time, and by all other Christian nations of Europe, as a mere butchery, a bloody and unnatural piece of cruelty, unjustifiable either to God or man.

But it occurred to my thoughts, what call, what occasion, much less what necessity I was in to go and dip my hands in blood, to attack people who had neither done or intended me any wrong? who, as to me, were innocent, and whose barbarous customs were their own disaster, being in them a token, indeed, of God's having left them, with the other nations of that part of the world, to such stupidity, and to such inhuman courses, but did not call me to take upon me to be a judge of their actions, much less an executioner of His justice - that whenever He thought fit He would take the cause into His own hands, and by national vengeance punish them as a people for national crimes, but that, in the meantime, it was none of my business.

My island was now peopled, and I thought myself very rich in subjects; and it was a merry reflection, which I frequently made, how like a king I looked. First of all, the whole country was my own property, so that I had an undoubted right of dominion. Secondly, my people were perfectly subjected - I was absolutely lord and lawgiver - they all owed their lives to me, and were ready to lay down their lives, if there had been occasion for it, for me. It was remarkable, too, I had but three subjects, and they were of three different religions - my man Friday was a Protestant, his father was a Pagan and a cannibal, and the Spaniard was a Papist. However, I allowed liberty of conscience throughout my dominions.

So little do we see before us in the world, and so much reason have we to depend cheerfully upon the great Maker of the world, that He does not leave His creatures so absolutely destitute, but that in the worst circumstances they have always something to be thankful for, and sometimes are nearer deliverance than they imagine; nay, are even brought to their deliverance by the means by which they seem to be brought to their destruction.

You are using an outdated browser. Upgrade your browser today or install Google Chrome Frame to better experience this site.

• All Article Authors Aardema, Don  (1) Adams, Susan  (4) Alphenaar, Anne  (1) Alsum, Duane  (3) Augustine of Hippo  (1) Baas, Alaina  (1) Baas, Jori  (1) Baas, Ralph  (1) Baird, Allen  (9) Baker, Jodi  (1) Baldwin, Carol  (3) Baldwin, Lisa  (9) Baldwin, Lori  (1) Baredregt, Peggy  (1) Barnhill, Ryan  (17) Barone, Marco  (3) Bauman, Kelli  (1) Beacon Lights Staff  (5) Beaird, Helen  (1) Beiboer, Seymour  (32) Bekkering, Lynn  (1) Bekkering, W.  (14) Benson, Deborah  (1) Bergman, Barb  (1) Bergman, Dan  (6) Bergman, Julie  (6) Bergman, Mindy  (1) Bergman, Tom  (32) Bisbee, Sandy  (1) Blankespoor, Henrietta  (1) Blankespoor, J.  (20) Bleyenberg, Aric  (2) Bleyenberg, Carisa  (1) Bleyenberg, Cheryl  (1) Bleyenberg, Derek  (1) Bleyenberg, Heath  (7) Bleyenberg, Seth  (1) Bleyenberg, Shanda  (2) Block, Tyler  (1) Bloem, Alfred  (1) Bloem, Dirk  (1) Bloem, Harry  (1) Bloem, Richard  (2) Bodbyl, Joel  (1) Bodbyl, Maria  (1) Bodbyl, Nate  (1) Bodbyl, Stefan  (1) Boelma, Jack  (14) Boer, Bonnie  (5) Boer, Isabel  (1) Boeve, Becca  (1) Boeve, Breanna  (1) Boeve, Jeanine  (1) Boeve, Tyson  (1) Bol, Adam  (1) Bol, Audra  (1) Bol, Jon  (2) Bol, Kara  (1) Bol, Priscilla  (1) Bol, Ruthellen  (1) Bomers, Luke  (1) Bomers, Sam  (2) Bonestroo, Cassie  (1) Bonsu, Joseph Osei  (1) Boone, Dan  (1) Boone, Doug  (1) Boonstra, Harry  (1) Borduin, Antoinette  (4) Borduin, G.  (2) Bos, Beth  (1) Bos, Bob  (1) Bos, Melanie  (1) Bosveld, Annica  (2) Bosveld, Colin  (1) Bosveld, Emma  (1) Bosveld, Michael  (1) Bouma, Shari  (1) Bouma, Tricia  (1) Bouman, Maynard  (1) Bouwkamp, Gary  (2) Bouwkamp, Julia  (1) Bouwkamp, Lori  (1) Bouwkamp, Rachel  (1) Bouwkamp, Shirley  (1) Boven, Donna  (1) Boven, Terri  (1) Boverhof, Gerrit  (1) Braaksma, Gene  (3) Braaksma, Gertrude  (3) Braaksma, Mrs. A.  (1) Brands, Brianna  (2) Brands, Carol  (52) Brands, Carrie  (1) Brands, Henrietta  (1) Brands, Jonathan  (1) Brands, Kristin  (6) Brands, Robert  (1) Brands, Roger  (1) Breen, Peter  (1) Brenneman, Michael  (2) Brine, Mary Dow  (1) Broek, Mathilda  (1) Brouwer, Mrs. R.  (1) Brower, Brad  (1) Brown, K.  (1) Bruckbauer, Paul  (1) Bruinooge, Kyle  (1) Bruinsma, Lewis  (1) Bruinsma, M.  (1) Bruinsma, Mandy  (1) Bruinsma, Martha  (1) Bruinsma, Wilbur  (18) Brummel, A.  (6) Brummel, Al  (1) Brummel, Allen  (6) Brummel, Andy  (1) Brummel, Crysta  (1) Brummel, Dianne  (1) Brummel, Jodi  (2) Brummel, Joe  (1) Brummel, Mary  (1) Brummel, Mr.  (1) Brummel, N.  (1) Brummel, Nathan  (9) Brummel, Paula  (1) Brummel, Shari  (1) Brummel, Sheri  (1) Brummel, Tiffany  (1) Brunsting, H. A.  (2) Buiter Rachel  (1) Buiter, Bertha  (1) Buiter, Brian  (2) Buiter, Cindy  (1) Buiter, Clara  (1) Buiter, Everett  (15) Buiter, J.  (1) Buiter, John  (9) Buiter, Karen  (1) Buiter, Rebekah (Smit)  (11) Buiter, Thea  (1) Buiter, William  (1) Bunner, Henry  (1) Burns, J. D.  (1) Buteyn, Derek  (1) Buteyn, Stephanie  (1) Buwalda, D.V.  (1) Buyert, Hermina  (1) Buyert, Lubertha  (1) Buyert, Lydia  (1) Buys, William  (2) Bykerk, Cornie  (2) Bylsma, Gerrit  (1) Bylsma, Kathy  (10) Bylsma, Kevin  (1) Bylsma, Marcia  (3) Bylsma, Phyllis  (1) Bylsma, Ruth  (1) Bylsma, Sharon  (4) Bylsma, Steve  (2) Calvin, John  (3) Cameron-Smith, R.  (1) Cammenga, A.  (5) Cammenga, J. Sr.  (1) Cammenga, Ron  (26) Cammenga, S.  (7) Cammenga, Sidney  (1) Cammenga, Tom  (25) Campbell Morgan, G.  (1) Cecilio, Lidi  (1) Chia, Fook Meng  (1) Christiansen, Alvis  (1) Clason, Jeanette  (1) Cleveland, Aaron  (72) Cleveland, John Jr.  (1) Clugston, J.  (1) Cnossen, Vicki  (4) Committee, Foreign Mission  (1) Committee, Protestant Reformed Scholarship  (1) Connerley, D. Scott  (3) Courtney, Connor  (2) Cowper, William  (1) Crewdson, Jane  (1) Crossett, David  (1) Daling, Jim  (1) Daling, Karen  (2) Davis, B.  (6) Davis, Glenda  (1) DeBoer, Beth  (1) DeBoer, C.  (1) DeBoer, Clarence  (72) deBoer, Jane  (1) DeBoer, Janie  (1) DeBoer, Jenna  (1) DeBoer, Lisa  (5) DeBoer, Matt  (4) DeBoer, Michelle  (1) DeBoer, Mike  (1) DeBoer, Mrs. C.  (2) DeBoer, Mrs. T.  (1) DeBoer, P.  (28) DeBoer, Ruth  (2) DeBoer, Sarah  (2) DeBoer, Tena  (1) DeBoer, Vi  (7) Decker, Deborah  (1) Decker, Leah  (2) Decker, Mary  (1) Decker, Mrs. R.  (1) Decker, N.  (2) Decker, Nathan  (1) Decker, R.  (2) Decker, R.  (21) Decker, Robert  (4) Deemter, Shari  (1) DeGroot, Clarence  (1) DeGroot, Hanna  (1) DeJager, Louis  (1) DeJong, Arthur  (1) DeJong, Beth  (1) DeJong, Brenda  (1) DeJong, Brent  (1) DeJong, Dawn  (2) DeJong, Don  (1) DeJong, Hessel  (1) DeJong, J.  (5) DeJong, Kara  (1) DeJong, Ken  (2) DeJong, Paul  (1) DeJong, Rita  (3) deKlerk, J.P.  (168) deKlerk, Theo  (1) deKlerk, Tini  (1) DeKoekkoek, J.  (1) DeKoekkoek, L. J.  (1) DeKoning, Alberta  (3) DeKraker, Kalysta  (1) DeKraker, Mark  (1) DeMeester, Daniel  (1) DeMeester, Mindy  (9) DeMeester, Tamara  (3) DenBesten, Audrey  (1) DenHartog Jonathan  (1) DenHartog, Arie  (9) DenHartog, Bertha  (6) DenHartog, Carisa  (1) DeRoon, Sarah  (2) DeVos, Karen  (1) DeVries, Alyssa  (2) DeVries, Angie  (3) DeVries, Anna  (1) DeVries, Bess  (2) DeVries, Beth  (32) DeVries, Connie  (2) DeVries, Dawn  (1) DeVries, Dorothy  (2) DeVries, Gertrude  (1) DeVries, Harold  (1) DeVries, Jamie  (1) DeVries, Kimberly  (1) DeVries, Michael  (8) DeVries, Mike  (1) DeVries, S.  (1) DeVries, Tom  (8) DeWindt, Ray  (1) DeWolf, Hubert  (33) DeYoung, Neal  (1) DeYoung, Ralph  (1) DeYoung, S.  (2) DeYoung, Sidney  (15) DeZeeuw, Hilda  (1) Dick, Ellen  (2) Dick, Mitchell  (11) Doezema, C.  (1) Doezema, Charles  (1) Doezema, Cornie  (1) Doezema, Don  (15) Doezema, Dorothy  (1) Doezema, Glenda  (1) Doezema, Gloria  (1) Doezema, James  (1) Doezema, L.  (71) Doezema, Mrs. L.  (21) Doezema, Mrs. Wm.  (1) Doezema, Neva  (3) Doezema, Sara  (1) Doezema, Tonya  (1) Drnek, Jonathan  (1) Drnek, Luke  (1) Drnek, Michelle  (2) Duistermars, Eleanor  (1) Duvenhage, Tienie  (1) Dykema, Winnie  (1) Dykstra, Amy  (1) Dykstra, Barb  (1) Dykstra, Brian D.  (3) Dykstra, Carol  (4) Dykstra, Carter  (2) Dykstra, Cindi  (1) Dykstra, David  (1) Dykstra, Dick  (2) Dykstra, Doug  (2) Dykstra, Emily  (1) Dykstra, Ena  (1) Dykstra, Fran  (1) Dykstra, Herman  (1) Dykstra, Jacob  (3) Dykstra, Jean  (3) Dykstra, Jessie  (4) Dykstra, Jim  (2) Dykstra, Karl  (4) Dykstra, Libby  (1) Dykstra, Lori  (1) Dykstra, Mrs. P.  (1) Dykstra, N.  (2) Dykstra, Nathan  (2) Dykstra, Neil  (1) Dykstra, Pam  (1) Dykstra, Pfc. Rog  (1) Dykstra, Phil  (6) Dykstra, Russell  (11) Dykstra, Ruth  (9) Dykstra, Spencer  (1) Dykstra, Taylor  (2) Dykstra, Winnie  (1) Eberle, Gertrude  (12) Eerdmans, Tillie  (1) Ekema, Betty  (4) Ekema, Linda  (1) Eldersveld, Emily  (2) Elzinga, Holly  (1) Elzinga, Jason  (2) Elzinga, Ken  (1) Elzinga, Michele  (1) Elzinga, Peter  (1) Elzinga, Sally  (2) Emmanuel, E.  (2) Engelsma, Carli  (1) Engelsma, Chad  (1) Engelsma, David  (110) Engelsma, Dawn  (2) Engelsma, Dewey  (52) Engelsma, Joshua  (13) Engelsma, Kelli  (1) Engelsma, Kristen  (3) Engelsma, Lois  (1) Engelsma, MaryBeth  (4) Engelsma, Monica  (1) Engelsma, Mrs. D.  (1) Engelsma, Rebecca  (1) Eriks, Beth  (1) Eriks, Garrett  (10) Eriks, Kate  (1) Essenburg, Steve  (1) Ezinga, Helen  (1) Ezinga, Kenneth  (15) Ezinga, Ray  (2) F, Joshua  (1) Faber, D.  (1) Faber, Donald  (2) Faber, Jeanette  (1) Faber, John  (55) Faber, Paula  (4) Faber, Peter  (12) Faber, Ria  (1) Faber, Roger  (8) Faber, Shari  (2) Feenstra, Abigail  (1) Feenstra, Brandon  (2) Feenstra, Brian  (3) Feenstra, Bruce  (4) Feenstra, Donald  (1) Feenstra, Dylan  (1) Feenstra, Johnny  (1) Feenstra, Judie  (1) Feenstra, Ken  (4) Feenstra, Kryn  (2) Feenstra, Linda  (2) Feenstra, Lori  (1) Feenstra, Mark  (1) Feenstra, Mike  (18) Feenstra, Mrs. S.  (1) Feenstra, Sam  (1) Feenstra, Thys  (7) Fennell, John  (1) Fennema, Clara  (1) Ferguson, Craig  (3) Ferguson, LeeAnn  (1) Ferguson, Sean  (2) Fields, Esther  (1) Finney, Judah  (1) Fisher, Kathy  (1) Fisher, Marlene  (1) Flikkema, Audrey  (1) Flikkema, Fran  (2) Flikkema, Garret  (1) Flikkema, John  (2) Flikkema, Olga  (1) Flikkema, R.  (3) Foster, Jonathan  (1) Free Tract Society  (1) Gaastra, M.  (2) Gagliardi, David  (1) Garvelink, Terri  (9) Gleason, Terry  (1) Glock, Dawn  (1) Grasman, Susann (Huizinga)  (3) Greaser, Ron  (1) Greaser, Vernon  (8) Greatbatch, Philip  (2) Griess, Carmen  (1) Griess, Cory  (7) Griess, Dana  (2) Griess, Gilbert  (1) Griess, Ileen  (1) Griess, Stefan  (4) Griffioen, Jen  (1) Griffioen, Virginia  (2) Gritters, Barry  (19) Gritters, Curt  (3) Gritters, Dan  (1) Gritters, Eric  (1) Gritters, Heidi  (1) Gritters, Jean  (1) Gritters, Jeanne  (4) Gritters, Kevin  (3) Gritters, M.  (24) Gritters, M.  (1) Gritters, Rebecca  (1) Gritters, Rhonda  (1) Gritters, Rick  (1) Gritters, Shirley  (3) Groenendyk, Randall  (1) Groenendyk, Randy  (4) Guichelaar, Erik  (3) Gustafson, Kirsten  (1) Guyon, Madame  (1) Haak, Bethany  (2) Haak, Carl  (7) Haak, Keri  (2) Haak, Mary  (1) Haak, Trisha  (14) Haan, John  (8) Hafer, Basil  (1) Hall, Susan  (1) Ham, Ken  (2) Hamstra, Roger  (1) Han, Lau Wei  (1) Haney, Stefan  (1) Hanko, Cornelius  (158) Hanko, Dave  (1) Hanko, Elaine  (1) Hanko, Fred  (5) Hanko, Herman  (173) Hanko, Jan  (4) Hanko, Jennifer  (2) Hanko, Jessica  (1) Hanko, Karen  (6) Hanko, Ken  (4) Hanko, Neal  (1) Hanko, Ron  (52) Hanko, Ryan  (1) Hanko, Sarah  (3) Harbach, C.  (1) Harbach, David  (66) Harbach, Janice  (1) Harbach, Paul  (1) Harbach, Phil  (2) Harbach, Robert C.  (257) Harbin, Roger  (5) Harding, A.  (1) Harris, Josh  (7) Hauck, Diane  (2) Hauck, Grace  (1) Hauck, Jannet  (1) Haveman, Arend  (2) Haveman, Marian  (1) Heemstra, Al  (5) Heemstra, Albert  (13) Heemstra, H.D.  (1) Heemstra, Hollis  (2) Heemstra, Jane  (1) Heemstra, Nancy  (1) Heemstra, Tim  (2) Helms, Jeremy  (1) Henson, Judy  (4) Hernandez, Sonny  (1) Heyboer, Lucas  (1) Heys, J.  (109) Hiemstra, Devin  (2) Hiemstra, Juline  (3) Hiemstra, Nate  (1) Hilt, Brian  (1) Hilton Buys, Elizabeth  (1) Hoeksema, Eunice  (1) Hoeksema, Gertrude  (11) Hoeksema, Herman  (63) Hoeksema, Homer C.  (63) Hoeksema, Lois  (18) Hoeksema, Mark  (116) Hoeksema, Mrs. H. C.  (14) Hoeksema, Sarah  (1) Hoekstra Michael  (1) Hoekstra, Arlis  (1) Hoekstra, B.B.  (1) Hoekstra, Beverly  (2) Hoekstra, Brenda  (8) Hoekstra, Edward  (1) Hoekstra, Emily  (1) Hoekstra, Everett  (1) Hoekstra, John  (1) Hoekstra, Joshua  (2) Hoekstra, Lois  (1) Hoekstra, Mrs. George  (1) Hoekstra, Pauline  (1) Hoekstra, Peter  (6) Hofman, Elynore  (1) Hofman, John  (1) Hofman, John Jr.  (1) Hofman, W.  (8) Hofman, Walter  (2) Hoksbergen, Sarah  (1) Hoksbergen, Shawna  (1) Hollema, Zachary  (1) Holstege, Dan  (6) Holstege, Daniel  (5) Holstege, Greg  (2) Holstege, Joe  (7) Holstege, Len  (1) Holstege, Mary  (1) Holstege, Max  (1) Hopkins, Ben  (1) Hoppe, Ann  (1) Hosmer, F. L.  (1) Houck Kierra  (1) Houck, S.  (3) Hoven, Judy  (1) Hoven, S.  (1) Hoving, Jennie  (1) Hoving, Reka  (1) Howerzyl, J.  (11) Howerzyl, James  (2) Howerzyl, Jean  (1) Huber, Chad  (1) Huber, Vern  (1) Hudnut, Carolyn  (1) Hugg, Bruce  (2) Hugg, Truett  (2) Huisken, Alison  (2) Huisken, Amy  (2) Huisken, Darrel  (25) Huisken, Duane  (2) Huisken, Jan  (1) Huisken, Jon  (17) Huizenga, Bernie  (2) Huizenga, Evelyn  (1) Huizenga, Jeanine  (2) Huizenga, John  (191) Huizenga, Mrs. R.  (1) Huizenga, Sara  (2) Huizinga, Anna  (1) Huizinga, Brian  (11) Huizinga, Jeremy  (1) Huizinga, Jim  (1) Huizinga, Laura  (1) Huizinga, Mrs. R.  (1) Huizinga, Olivia  (1) Huizinga, Sharon  (2) Hunter, Chester  (90) Hunter, Skip  (52) Hunter, Vivian  (1) Hutton, G.  (1) Ibe, Vernon  (1) Inskeep, Kevin  (1) Inskeep, Susanna  (1) Ipema, Jeanette  (2) Iwema, Fred  (1) Jabaay, Bruce  (6) Jankovic, Megan  (1) Jansen, Annetta  (1) Jansma, Ellamae  (1) Jansma, Penny  (1) Jansma, Rachel  (3) Jefferson, Natalie  (3) Jonker, Cornelius  (23) Jonker, D.  (1) Jonker, Don  (2) Jonker, Gertrude  (1) Jonker, James  (26) Jonker, Jim  (23) Joosten, Meindert  (1) Joostens, Becca  (2) Joostens, Bill  (1) Joostens, M.  (8) Joostens, Rebecca  (1) K, S.  (1) Kaiser, Mitch  (1) Kalsbeek, Allen  (2) Kalsbeek, Becky  (2) Kalsbeek, Brett  (2) Kalsbeek, Cal  (6) Kalsbeek, Gwennan  (1) Kalsbeek, Jay  (1) Kalsbeek, Jeff  (8) Kalsbeek, John Jr.  (26) Kalsbeek, Lisa  (2) Kalsbeek, Phil  (2) Kalsbeek, Trevor  (3) Kaminga, Rick  (1) Kamminga, Brad  (1) Kamminga, Kelsey (Kuiper)  (8) Kamphuis, Roger  (8) Kamps, Bernie  (17) Kamps, Cathy  (1) Kamps, Chelsea  (3) Kamps, Esther  (4) Kamps, Eugene  (2) Kamps, Evelyn  (1) Kamps, Jesse  (1) Kamps, Jonathan  (1) Kamps, Kendra  (2) Kamps, Lois  (1) Kamps, M.  (30) Kamps, Marvin  (7) Kamps, Mitchell  (1) Kamps, Mrs. Leon  (2) Kamps, Mrs. Louis  (1) Kamps, Nicole  (1) Kamps, Pat  (1) Kamps, Rachel  (1) Kamps, Rienetta  (1) Kaptein, Chloe  (1) Kaptein, Kennedy  (1) Kaptein, Laura  (1) Karsemeyer, Kirk  (1) Karsemeyer, Mrs. A.  (1) Karsemeyer, Renae  (1) Karsemeyer, Shaun  (1) Karsten, Karen  (3) Kelderman, Harold  (1) Kelderman, Herman  (1) Kennedy, Julian  (15) Ketel, C. J.  (1) Key, Deborah  (2) Key, Michelle  (2) Key, Steven  (21) Kiel, Erika  (1) Kiel, Jennie  (1) Kikkert, Aryn  (2) Kikstra, Louis  (1) Kimm, Hilda  (1) Kimm, Wilhelmina  (1) King, Gordon  (2) King, Roger  (1) Kingma, Mitchell  (1) Klaasens, Mrs. Geri  (2) Klamer, Bruce  (1) Klamer, Verna  (1) Klamer, Vonda  (1) Klautke, David  (1) Klautke, Jochen  (1) Klaver, Kenneth  (1) Klein, Mrs. A. H.  (1) Kleyn, Daniel  (19) Kleyn, Lynette  (3) Kleyn, Nicholas  (3) Kleyn, Nicholas Jr.  (1) Kleyn, Rodney  (17) Kleyn, Zachary  (1) Klop, Maurice  (1) Knoper, John  (1) Knott, Berdina  (4) Knott, E.  (1) Knott, Edward  (5) Knott, Jennifer  (1) Knott, Katie  (1) Koerner, Andrew  (3) Koerner, Dan  (3) Koerner, Marvin  (5) Koerner, Matthew  (6) Koerner, Ruth  (1) Koerner, Sharon (Kleyn)  (6) Kok, B.  (12) Kok, James  (1) Koll, Robert  (1) Kooienga, Abbie (Eriks)  (5) Kooienga, Cassie  (1) Kooienga, Crystal  (1) Kooienga, Dick  (1) Kooienga, Katie  (1) Kooiker, Catherine  (2) Kooima, Everdean  (1) Kooima, Kelsey  (4) Kooiman, Sandra  (1) Koole, Brian  (1) Koole, Bruce  (10) Koole, Caleb  (5) Koole, Jim  (1) Koole, Justin  (3) Koole, Kathy  (3) Koole, Ken  (3) Koole, Kenneth  (11) Koole, Leah  (1) Koole, Monica  (13) Koole, Nathan  (1) Koole, Peter  (5) Koole, Sherry  (5) Koole, Stephanie  (1) Koole, Winifred  (12) Koole, Zach  (1) Koop, Elaine  (2) Korhorn, Etta  (1) Korn, W.  (1) Kort, Ida  (1) Kortering, Erin  (2) Kortering, Erma  (2) Kortering, J. H.  (2) Kortering, Jason  (44) Kortering, Jean  (1) Kortering, Michael  (14) Kortus, Matt  (8) Koster, Gerrit  (2) Kraker, Lauren  (1) Kraker, Lisa  (1) Kraker, Ryan  (1) Kregel, Charles  (4) Kregel, David  (2) Kregel, Lisa  (1) Kregel, Lois  (9) Kregel, Mary  (2) Kregel, Mrs. L.  (1) Kregel, Ryan  (58) Kreuzer, Roderick  (4) Kroondyk, Mrs. M.  (13) Krosschell, Jeffrey  (1) Kuhs, Manuel  (3) Kuiper, Annica  (1) Kuiper, Brian  (6) Kuiper, Cara  (2) Kuiper, Clare  (1) Kuiper, D.H.  (9) Kuiper, Dale  (1) Kuiper, Dan  (1) Kuiper, Daniel  (1) Kuiper, Daryl  (1) Kuiper, Debra  (3) Kuiper, Derek  (1) Kuiper, Doug  (67) Kuiper, Elsie  (1) Kuiper, Emily  (1) Kuiper, Gerald  (11) Kuiper, H.  (3) Kuiper, Harlow  (1) Kuiper, Henry  (24) Kuiper, Hib  (1) Kuiper, Homer  (36) Kuiper, Hulda  (11) Kuiper, Jacob  (1) Kuiper, Jason  (1) Kuiper, Jerry  (2) Kuiper, Jim  (1) Kuiper, Karyn  (1) Kuiper, Ken  (6) Kuiper, Leah  (1) Kuiper, Mrs. J.  (2) Kuiper, P. M.  (1) Kuiper, P. S.  (22) Kuiper, Paula  (1) Kuiper, Ruth  (3) Kuiper, Steve  (3) Kuiper, Teresa  (1) Kulikamp, Minard  (1) Kunst, Rebecca  (1) Kunst, Scott  (1) Kunz, George  (1) Kuyper, Abraham  (13) LaBotz, Lenore  (1) LaCount, Tony  (1) Lafferty, Bill  (2) Lance, Lyman  (1) Landstra, Mrs. G.  (1) Langerak, Anthony  (2) Langerak, Edward  (8) Langerak, Emily  (1) Langerak, Harry  (19) Langerak, Joel  (1) Langerak, Jon  (2) Langerak, Jonathan  (14) Langerak, Kelly  (1) Langerak, Nathan  (16) Langerak, Sara  (1) Langerak, William  (8) Laning, Ben  (27) Laning, James  (27) Laning, Margaret  (2) Lanning, Andy  (11) Lanning, Gary  (2) Lanning, James  (1) Lanning, Nathan  (4) Lanning, Wayne  (7) Lanting, Aaron  (1) Lanting, David  (4) Lanting, G.  (2) Lanting, George  (1) Lanting, Gertrude  (1) Lanting, James  (1) Lanting, Jim  (5) Lavender, Erica  (1) Lee, Dennis  (4) Lee, Jacqueline  (1) Lee, Jonathan  (1) Lenting, Amy  (1) Lenting, Andrea  (1) Lenting, Henry  (1) Lenting, Jack  (3) Leon, J. Alvarez  (1) Levermore, Samuel  (1) Lim, Aaron  (17) Lim, Kok Eng  (1) Linker, David  (1) Linker, Wilbur  (2) Liu, PingAn (Tabitha)  (1) Lloyd-Jones, D. Martyn  (1) Looyenga, Brendan  (63) Looyenga, Dave  (3) Looyenga, Kathy  (1) Looyenga, Nicholas  (1) Looyenga, Robert  (1) Looyenga, Suzanne (Terpstra)  (26) Lotterman, Amy  (1) Lotterman, Becky  (1) Lotterman, Bethany  (1) Lotterman, Don  (1) Lotterman, Ed  (16) Lotterman, Emily  (1) Lotterman, Heidi  (1) Lotterman, Henry  (1) Lotterman, Laurel  (1) Lotterman, Marcia  (1) Lotterman, Michael  (1) Lotterman, Phil  (2) Lotterman, Steve  (2) Lotterman, Tricia  (1) Lubbers Travis  (1) Lubbers, Agatha  (124) Lubbers, G.  (160) Lubbers, Gary  (1) Lubbers, Judy  (3) Lubbers, Karen  (18) Lubbers, Kate  (1) Lubbers, Lam  (2) Lubbers, Lamm  (2) Lubbers, MaryBeth  (17) Lubbers, Nathan  (1) Lubbers, Pete  (1) Lubbers, Rachel  (17) Luther, Martin  (2) Maatman, Jacob  (3) Maatman, Roxanne  (1) MacGraw, Dan  (1) MacLeod, W.  (1) Mahtani, David  (2) Mahtani, Ishu  (1) Mahtani, Jai  (1) Mahtani, Jonathan  (13) Mahtani, Martha  (2) Mancusi, Claire  (1) Mancusi, Ellen  (1) Mansona, Dale  (1) Marcus, John  (7) Marcus, Leah  (2) Maring, RuthAnn  (2) Martin, Marjorie  (1) Martz, Jay  (4) Mauro, Margaret  (1) McCollam, J.  (10) McCollam, James  (3) McElroy, James V.  (1) McGeown, Martyn  (12) Medema, Grace  (1) Medema, Matt  (1) Meelker, AnnaMae  (1) Meelker, Gretine  (1) Meelker, Hilda  (6) Meidema, Sid  (1) Mensch, Delores  (2) Mensch, Dolores  (1) Mesman, Angeline  (1) Meulenberg, Dan  (1) Meulenberg, Judy  (1) Meulenberg, Larry  (1) Meyer, Barb  (1) Meyer, Chris  (1) Meyer, Connie  (225) Meyer, Mrs. R.  (1) Meyer, Randy  (3) Meyer, Tabitha  (1) Meyerdirk, Milo  (1) Miedema, Anne  (1) Miedema, Bruce  (12) Miedema, Dale  (1) Miedema, Debra  (1) Miedema, Doug  (1) Miedema, Laura  (1) Miersma, Christopher  (1) Miersma, Daniel  (1) Miersma, Rodney  (18) Miersma, Thomas  (1) Minderhoud, Joel  (1) Mingerink, Doug  (1) Mingerink, Hailey  (1) Mingerink, Jon  (1) Mingerink, Rick  (2) Mingerink, Tricia  (84) Mirans, Sole  (2) Moelker, Aliesa  (1) Moelker, Caleb  (1) Moelker, Dave  (4) Moelker, Joshua  (2) Moelker, Kevin  (1) Moelker, Kris  (19) Moelker, Lynette  (1) Moelker, Mary-jo  (1) Moelker, Mrs. J.  (1) Moelker, Nancy  (1) Molenaar, Cynthia  (1) Molenaar, George  (1) Molenaar, Sarah  (1) Monsma, Dan  (1) Monsma, Dirk & Carol  (1) Monsma, Dwight  (16) Monsma, Joseph  (1) Moore, Anita  (1) Moore, Carolyn  (1) Moore, Jannet  (2) Moore, R.  (43) Moore, Richard  (11) Morris, Christopher  (1) Morris, George  (1) Mortenson, Alice  (1) Moser, J.F.  (1) Moser, Mrs. J. F.  (1) Mowery, Leah  (1) Mowery, Sarah  (35) Mowery, Tori  (3) Mulder, A.  (10) Mulder, Ashley (Huizinga)  (3) Mulder, Jackie  (1) Mulder, Kylie  (1) Mulder, Stephen  (8) Mulligan, Mary  (1) Nagelkerke, Rachel  (2) Newhof, Betsy  (1) Newhof, Thomas  (1) Newhoff, Jordan  (1) Nienhuis, Gary  (3) Nobel, Arie  (16) Noble, Tillie  (2) Noordyke, Ruth  (1) Noordyke, Susan  (1) Noorman, David  (5) Noorman, Denise  (1) Noorman, Joel  (1) Noorman, Mike  (3) Noorman, Rick  (4) Offringa, Peter  (1) Olson, Marie L.  (1) Ondersma, David  (1) Ondersma, Fred  (2) Ondersma, Holly  (3) Ondersma, Sally  (1) Ondersma, Sarah  (5) Ondersma, Suzanne  (1) Onderwijzer  (12) Oomkes, Jodi  (1) Oomkes, Karlene  (9) Oostra, Brandi  (1) Ophoff, Dan  (1) Ophoff, Daniel  (1) Ophoff, Edward  (1) Ophoff, Eric  (1) Ophoff, G.M.  (29) Ophoff, Herman  (1) Ophoff, M.  (1) Ophoff, Marcia  (1) Ophoff, Marilyn  (1) Ophoff, Meghan  (1) Ophoff, Natalie  (1) Overbeek, Gabriel  (2) Overway, D.  (4) Overway, David  (8) Overway, Matthew  (1) Pascual, Jeremiah  (1) Pastoor, Bryan  (1) Pastoor, Chuck  (1) Pastoor, Dan  (1) Pastoor, James  (1) Pastoor, Jane  (1) Pastoor, Jeanette  (11) Pastoor, Ken & Sheri  (1) Pastoor, Linda  (1) Pastoor, Mary  (2) Pastoor, Mrs. J. A.  (3) Pastoor, Nathan  (1) Pastoor, Nicole  (1) Pastoor, Robert  (1) Pastoor, Thelma  (4) Pentecost, Robert  (1) Peters, Dr.  (1) Peterson, Andrew  (1) Peterson, Mrs. R.  (1) Peterson, Richard  (9) Peterson, Roland  (3) Petroelje, Carol  (1) Petter, A.  (16) Piersma, John  (7) Pikkert, Linda  (3) Pink, Arthur W.  (1) Pinth, John  (1) Pipe, Bill  (1) Pipe, Brenda  (3) Pipe, Mrs. G.  (1) Pipe, Tim  (3) Pipe, Tim Jr.  (1) Pols, Eric  (1) Poortenga, Mrs. A.  (1) Poortenga, Ruth  (2) Poortenga, Val  (1) Poortinga, Dora  (1) Poortinga, Jessica  (5) Poortinga, Lisa  (1) Poortinga, Peternella  (1) Poortinga, Tiffany  (1) Porte, Sue  (8) Portinga, Debra  (3) Postma, Bridget  (1) Postma, Josie  (2) Potjer, Caleb  (1) Potjer, Charles  (1) Potjer, Jeff  (1) Potjer, Lisa  (3) Potjer, Luke  (5) Potjer, Mikaia (Looyenga)  (2) Potjer, Naomi  (1) Price, Don  (1) Price, Nathan  (4) Prince, Clare  (2) Prince, Sharon  (1) Pryor, Gwen  (1) Quek, Francis  (1) Quek, Francis Kok How  (1) Quenga, Antoinette  (1) Ragual, Andy Bryan T.  (1) Raindrop, A.  (1) Rainey, Philip  (4) Rankin, John  (1) Rau, Alvin  (1) Rau, Ben  (3) Rau, David  (10) Rau, Joel  (1) Rau, Maddie  (1) Rawson, Stephanie  (1) Regnerus, Ellie  (1) Regnerus, Jake  (1) Regnerus, James  (1) Regnerus, Jim  (3) Regnerus, Lanae  (4) Regnerus, Louis  (16) Regnerus, Margaret  (1) Regnerus, Stephan  (2) Reinbold, Amy  (1) Reitsma, Alice  (33) Reitsma, Calvin  (25) Reitsma, Carl  (3) Reitsma, Carole  (1) Reitsma, Jordan  (1) Reitsma, Marilyn  (1) Reitsma, Mrs. R.  (1) Reitsma, Rich  (1) Reitsma, Rosalynn  (5) Rhoda, Mrs. T.  (1) Rietema, Kenneth  (1) Roberts, Elijah  (4) Robins, J. H.  (1) Robinson, John  (1) Roose, Gertrude  (1) Rottschafer, Wilfred  (1) Ruch, Mary  (1) Rus, Alisha  (1) Rus, Tim  (2) Rust, Berdena  (1) Rutgers, Cheri  (6) Rutgers, Matt  (1) Rutgers, Rachel  (1) Rutgers, Wilhelmina  (2) Ryken, Gysbert  (1) Ryskamp, Jeanne  (1) S, D.K.  (3) Schaafsma, S. G.  (1) Schaff, Phillip  (2) Schimmel, Abigail  (1) Schimmel, Carol  (1) Schimmel, Macy  (5) Schipper, Angela  (11) Schipper, Dan  (1) Schipper, Erika  (1) Schipper, Gordon  (1) Schipper, Gracia  (1) Schipper, Harriet  (3) Schipper, Jane  (6) Schipper, Jim  (6) Schipper, Kevin  (1) Schipper, Marinus  (22) Schipper, Pete  (1) Schipper, Ron  (2) Schipper, Ryan  (3) Scholten, Jordan  (1) Schuringa, Henry David  (1) Schut, Gerry  (2) Schut, Shauna  (2) Schuyler  (62) Schwarz, Aaron  (1) Schwarz, Jennifer  (2) Schwarz, Joy  (1) Schwarz, Reuben  (1) Shaffie, Brother  (1) Shattuck, Erin (Huizinga)  (2) Shenk, H. Lester  (1) Shoemaker, C.  (1) Silversides, David  (1) Sim, Fong Yoke  (1) Slager, Missi  (1) Slomp, Delia  (1) Slopsema, Bethany  (1) Slopsema, James  (16) Slopsema, Jim  (1) Slopsema, Joan  (1) Small, D.  (2) Smidstra, Justin  (3) Smit Peter  (1) Smit, Irene & Rosalyn  (1) Smit, Lorraine  (3) Smit, Richard  (18) Smit, Suzanna  (2) Smith, Jon  (1) Smith, Rev. J.  (1) Smits, Lydia  (1) Smooth, Ed  (1) Soodsma, Rena Mae  (1) Span, Derrick  (1) Span, Rick  (1) Spence, Timothy  (2) Spencer, Steve  (7) Spriensma, Alicia  (2) Spriensma, Audred  (7) Spronk, Clayton  (3) Spurgeon, Charles Haddon  (3) Stadt, Gerrit  (1) Steenholdt, Amy  (1) Steenholdt, Mindy  (4) Stellinga, Jeanette  (1) Stewart, Angus  (21) Streyle, Coraine  (1) Stursma, William  (1) Sugg, Cari  (1) Sugg, Elisa  (1) Sugg, Joel Jr.  (1) Sullivan, Scott  (1) Swan, Dallas  (1) Swart, M.  (1) Swart, Sue  (1) Talsma, Bonnie  (1) Talsma, Ellie (Jessup)  (1) Tamminga, Mrs. Peter  (1) Tan, Boon Hwee  (1) Tanetschek, Thilo  (1) Tanis, Andrew  (6) Tanis, Hannah  (1) Tanis, Kyle  (1) Teitsma, Gerald  (1) TenBrock, Kailey  (1) TenElshof, George  (49) Terpstra, Charles  (21) Terpstra, Corey  (1) Terpstra, Jeffery  (2) Terpstra, Mr.  (1) Terpstra, Todd  (1) Thole, Jeremy  (1) Thompson, Kyle  (2) Thornton, Lalia  (1) Tilma, Harold  (2) Titus, Rev.  (1) Tolsma, Mandy  (1) Tolsma, Mr. and Mrs. F.  (1) Tolsma, Russell  (1) Torrey, R.  (1) Trice, Mrs.  (1) Trinidad, L.  (1) Tryon, Rosalyn  (3) Tuttle, Bruce  (1) Unknown  (315) Vaalburg, Randy  (8) Vaalburg, Shari  (4) VanAlten, Lloyd  (2) VanAlten, Pierson  (1) VanAntwerpen, M.  (2) VanBaren, Alison  (1) VanBaren, Bertha  (1) VanBaren, Brenna  (1) VanBaren, Bryan  (2) VanBaren, Carolyn  (4) VanBaren, Dale  (1) VanBaren, Denise  (1) VanBaren, Eileen  (1) VanBaren, Erin  (2) VanBaren, Frank  (3) VanBaren, Gerald  (1) VanBaren, Gertrude  (1) VanBaren, Gise  (63) VanBaren, Gwen  (1) VanBaren, Isaac  (1) VanBaren, Jeremy  (1) VanBaren, John  (2) VanBaren, Karen  (28) VanBaren, Luke  (1) VanBaren, Marla  (2) VanBaren, Marsha  (1) VanBaren, Melissa  (25) VanBaren, Mike  (1) VanBaren, Phil  (2) VanBaren, Rich  (1) VanBaren, Williametta  (1) VanBeek, Sherry  (3) VanBemmel, Daris  (1) VanBemmel, Trent  (1) VandenAkker, Derek  (1) VandenBerg, G.  (93) VandenBerg, Gerald  (3) VandenBerg, Gerry  (1) VandenBerg, Leah  (2) VandenBerg, Mark  (2) VandenBerg, Tony  (3) VandenBerge, Anthony  (1) VandenBerge, Fran  (1) VanDenTop, Barb  (1) VanDenTop, Danielle  (1) VanDenTop, Rochelle  (1) VanDenTop, Seth  (1) VanDenTop, Vi  (7) VanderBoom, Femmie  (1) VanDerGriend, Morgan  (1) VanderGugten, Gertrude  (2) VanderKolk, Jake  (4) VanderKolk, Jim  (2) VanderKolk, Lenora  (1) VanderKooi, Daryl  (2) VanderKooy, Gerald  (1) VanderPloeg, H.  (1) VanderPloeg, Mrs. D.  (1) VanderSchaaf, Aubrey  (1) VanDerSchaaf, Gary  (3) VanderSchaaf, Kate  (1) VanderSchaaf, Peter  (2) VanderVeen, Brad  (1) VanderVeen, Mike  (1) VanderVennen, Della  (2) VanderWal, Martin  (9) VanderWall, Elizabeth  (1) VanderWall, Laura  (2) VanderWerff, Marian  (5) VanderWheil, Kathi  (1) VanderWoude, Tom  (4) VanDonselaar, Austin  (1) VanDonselaar, Jenny  (1) VanDyk, Laura  (1) VanDyke, Aaron  (10) VanDyke, Dan  (3) VanDyke, Dana  (1) VanDyke, Deb  (1) VanDyke, Jeanette  (1) VanDyke, Justin  (1) VanDyke, Luke  (1) VanDyke, Mrs. H.  (1) VanEenenaam, Gwen  (5) VanEgdom, Anna  (1) VanEgdom, Ed  (1) VanEgdom, Sarah  (1) VanEgdom, Sherry  (1) VanEngen, Brian  (1) VanEngen, Stephanie  (5) vanHerk, B.  (1) Vanhuizen, Annalise  (1) VanKoevering, Brett  (1) VanMaanen, Jane  (1) VanMeeteren, Beth  (1) VanMeeteren, Faith  (2) VanMeeteren, Nancy  (1) VanOostenbrugge, Jason  (1) VanOostenbrugge, Jordan  (1) VanOverloop Thomas  (1) VanOverloop, Anthony  (1) VanOverloop, Brantley  (1) VanOverloop, Caleb  (1) VanOverloop, Derek  (1) VanOverloop, Greg  (1) VanOverloop, Heather  (1) VanOverLoop, Jim  (5) VanOverloop, Jodee  (1) VanOverloop, Jon  (8) VanOverloop, Katie  (1) VanOverloop, Kevin  (1) VanOverloop, Mary  (1) VanOverloop, Meghan  (2) VanOverloop, Ron  (39) VanOverloop, Ryan  (1) VanOverloop, Susan  (1) VanOverloop, Tom  (1) VanPutten, Elizabeth (Ensink)  (7) VanPutten, H. A.  (6) VanSolkema, Abby  (48) VanSolkema, Bruce  (1) VanSolkema, Rosanne  (1) VanSpronsen, Mrs. H.  (1) VanTuinen, A.  (2) VanUffelen, Alex  (1) VanUffelen, Arianne  (1) VanUffelen, Beth  (1) VanUffelen, Dan  (3) VanUffelen, Dennis  (1) VanUffelen, Donna  (10) VanUffelen, Emma  (1) VanUffelen, Jakob  (1) VanUffelen, Jeff  (1) VanUffelen, Kate  (1) VanUffelen, Linda  (1) VanUffelen, Lora  (1) VanUffelen, Scott  (25) VanVoorthuysen, Andy  (1) VanVoorthuysen, Lynnae  (1) VanWeelden, J.  (1) VanWeelden, J.  (4) VanWeelden, Jim  (1) Veenstra, Martin  (1) Veldkamp, Ben  (1) Veldman, Eleanor  (1) Veldman, Everett  (1) Veldman, H.  (28) Veldman, James  (3) Veldman, Joanne  (1) Veldman, John  (1) Veldman, Mrs. H.  (3) Veldman, R.  (62) Velthouse, Kayla  (1) Velthouse, Mike  (6) Velthouse, Mrs. Irv  (1) Velthouse, Samantha  (1) Velting, Sheryl  (1) Veltman, Mrs. J.  (2) Venema, Melissa  (1) Venhuizen, Jeanne  (1) Verhey, Art  (1) Verhil, W.  (1) Vermeer, Jonathan  (1) Vermeer, L.  (15) Vermeer, Lori  (1) VerMeer, Michele  (1) Vermeer, Robert  (1) Verstrate, Mrs. B.  (2) Vink, Catherine  (1) Vink, Darren  (6) Vink, Kenneth  (1) Vink, Taylor  (1) Vis, John  (18) Vis, P.  (10) Visser, Earl  (6) Voila, Dominie M. E.  (1) Vooys, Anthony  (1) Vos, Andrew  (5) Vos, Gerrit  (10) Vos, Marilyn  (1) Vos, Mrs. A.  (1) Walburg, Simon  (2) Warner, David  (8) Warner, Kevin  (1) Wassink, Deane  (59) Wassink, Donna  (1) Wassink, Doug  (1) Wassink, Janet  (4) Watson, Dilys  (2) Watson, Mrs. D.  (1) Watterson, Samuel  (1) Weessies, Jennie  (1) Westenbroek, Roger  (1) Westing, Pam  (1) Westra, Beth  (3) Westra, Charles  (32) Westra, Dewey  (1) Westra, Dirk  (5) Westra, Jan  (1) Westra, Mrs. C.  (3) Westra, Myrna  (1) Westra, Thelma  (101) Wierenga, Christina  (1) Wierenga, Elena  (1) Wierenga, John  (1) Wierenga, Regina  (1) Wieringa, Jori  (1) Wiersma, Jeanette  (6) Wiersma, Melva  (1) Wigger, Ben  (45) Wigger, Bern  (1) Wigger, Steve  (1) Wilcox, Ella (Wheeler)  (1) Williams, June  (1) Windemuller, Glen  (1) Windemuller, H. E.  (1) Windemuller, Henry  (1) Windemuller, Malachi  (2) Windemuller, Rachel  (1) Windemuller, Stanley  (1) Woiwood, Miriam (Koerner)  (1) Wolfe, Aaron  (1) Woodfield, Annette  (1) Wordsworth, William  (1) Woudenberg, Bernard  (20) Woudenberg, H.  (1) Woudenberg, Herm  (2) Woudenberg, Jane  (1) Woudenberg, M.J.  (1) Woudenberg, Mrs. B.  (1) Woudenberg, Wilhelmina  (1) Wyma, Arthur Jr.  (1) Yang, Lee  (1) Ying Ying, Sister  (1) Yonker, Cornelius  (1) Young People’s Society, Loveland  (2) Young People’s Society, South Holland  (1) Young People’s Society, Hope Protestant Reformed (Redlands)  (1) Zandstra, Dave  (2) Zandstra, Dorothy  (3) Zandstra, Emily  (1) Zandstra, MeriBeth  (1) Zevenbergen, Meghan  (1) Zogg, U.  (1) Zolen, Heather  (1) Zsabo, S.  (1) Zuidema, Peter  (6) Zuverink, Andrea  (2) Zuverink, Tina  (1) Zwak, Harry  (1) Zwak, Kara  (1) Zwak, Thea  (1) Zylema, Betty  (1) Zylema, Elizabeth  (1) Zylstra, Geraldine  (1) Zylstra, Rhoda  (2)
• All Article Tags 1 Peter 3:15  (7) 1924  (6) 1951  (2) 1954  (2) 75 Years  (17) Abel  (6) Abimelech  (3) Abortion  (8) Abraham  (16) Abraham Kuyper  (5) Abraham Lincoln  (2) Accountability  (5) Acts  (41) Adam  (17) Admonishment  (9) Adoption  (5) Afscheiding  (3) Agabus  (2) Agrippa  (2) Albertus Van Raalte  (2) Alcohol  (8) Alexander  (2) America  (10) Amillennialism  (3) Amish  (2) Amos  (3) Anabaptists  (2) Ananias  (2) Angels  (13) Anger  (5) Animals  (11) Antichrist  (7) Antithesis  (69) Ants  (6) Anxiety  (14) Apathy  (18) Apollos  (2) Apologists  (6) apostles  (1) Arianism  (8) Aristotle  (3) Ark  (2) Arminianism  (50) Armor  (7) Armor of God  (10) Arnold Toynbee  (5) Art  (6) Asbury Revival  (1) Ascension  (11) Asia  (2) Assurance  (7) Astronomy  (23) Athanasius  (8) Atheism  (5) Athens  (4) Atomic Technology  (7) Attitude  (4) Attributes of God  (13) Augustine  (9) Australia  (4) Authority  (20) Autumn  (7) Babylon  (2) Baptism  (22) Barak  (2) Barnabas  (4) Battle  (6) Beatitudes  (4) Beauty  (5) Bees  (3) Belgic Confession  (7) Berlin  (3) Bethlehem  (3) Bible Study  (40) Bible Translations  (4) Bildad  (3) Billy Graham  (10) Birds  (16) Birth Control  (12) Blasphemy  (2) Blessings  (4) Blood  (3) Boaz  (2) boldness  (1) British Reformed Fellowship  (7) Bullying  (7) Butterflies  (4) C.S. Lewis  (2) Cain  (9) Calling  (10) Calvinism  (15) Canaan  (2) Canada  (2) Candace  (1) Canons of Dordt  (11) Capitalism  (2) Caspar Olevianus  (4) Catechism  (14) Change  (6) Charity  (2) Charles Darwin  (4) Charles Russell  (3) Childbearing  (16) Childlessness  (4) Children  (104) Children of God  (2) China  (13) Choirs  (2) Christ  (100) Christian Liberty  (19) Christian Living  (5) Christian Reformed Church  (12) Christian Schools  (164) Christian Science  (3) Christmas  (74) Church Collection  (14) Church Fathers  (9) Church Government  (3) Church History  (39) church institute  (3) Church Membership  (4) Church News  (4) Civil War  (3) Classics  (3) Clement  (1) Climate Change  (3) Cliques  (2) College  (35) Comfort  (19) Common Grace  (44) Communication  (10) Communion of the Saints  (72) Communism  (22) Compassion  (4) Competition  (4) Computers  (2) Conception  (5) Conditions In Salvation  (18) Conduct  (4) Confession  (9) Confession of Faith  (29) Confessions  (36) Conformity  (6) Congregation  (2) Constantine  (3) Contentment  (19) Convention  (183) Conversion  (15) Conviction  (2) Corinth  (6) Corporate Responsibility  (4) Courage  (2) Courtesy  (4) Covenant  (52) Covenant Evangelical Reformed Church  (7) Covetousness  (2) Creation  (90) Creator  (9) creeds  (2) Cremation  (2) Cross  (31) Cross Words of Jesus  (8) Cults  (15) Culture  (3) current events  (1) Curse  (3) Dancing  (6) Daniel  (17) Darkness  (5) Dating  (62) David  (24) Deacons  (5) Dead Orthodoxy  (8) Death  (61) Debate  (4) Deborah  (5) Declaration of Principles  (6) deism  (1) Delinquency  (2) Democracy  (3) Denominations  (3) Dependency  (2) Depression  (16) Devil  (41) Devotions  (252) Diligence  (2) Discernment  (2) Discipleship  (9) Discipline  (23) Discussion Groups  (3) Disobedience  (2) Dispensationalism  (4) Distraction  (2) Divinity  (2) Divorce  (7) Doctrine  (45) Dordt College  (3) Drama  (16) Dress  (16) Drugs  (7) Drunkenness  (16) Eagles  (5) Earth  (3) Earthquakes  (9) Easter  (10) Ebenezer  (3) Ecclesiastes  (19) Ecclesiastes 11:9  (5) Ecclesiastes 12:1  (3) Edgerton  (4) Edgerton Protestant Reformed Church  (3) Editor’s Note  (38) Education  (12) Egypt  (26) Elderly  (10) Elders  (7) Election  (40) Elections  (5) Elephants  (2) Eli  (2) Elihu  (3) Elijah  (4) Elimelech  (2) Eliphaz  (4) Emergent Church Movement  (2) End Times  (61) Enemies  (8) England  (8) Enoch  (5) Entertainment  (38) Enthusiasm  (2) Ephesians 5:14-18  (3) Erasmus  (3) Error  (32) Esau  (5) Esther  (7) Eternity  (5) Ethics  (5) Europe  (4) Euthanasia  (2) evangelism  (1) Eve  (15) evil  (1) Evolution  (5) Evolutionism  (29) Exaltation  (3) Example  (3) Exercise  (4) Facebook  (3) Faith  (52) Faithfulness  (17) Fall into Sin  (3) Family  (24) Family Visitation  (4) Farming  (3) Fasting  (3) Fathers  (8) Fear  (15) Federal Aid  (2) Federal Vision  (2) Federation Board  (33) Fellowship  (4) Feminism  (5) Fiction  (97) finances  (9) First Protestant Reformed Church  (3) First Protestant Reformed Church in Edmonton  (2) Fish  (4) Fishing  (2) flesh  (4) Flies  (2) Flood  (10) Flowers  (12) Foolishness  (4) Forests  (2) Forgiveness  (22) Four Horses  (6) France  (2) Francis Of Assisi  (2) Frederick III  (5) free speech  (1) Freedom  (9) Freemasonry  (7) Friends  (9) Friendship  (11) Fruit of the Spirit  (19) Fundamentalism  (3) Future  (11) Galatians  (7) Gambling  (6) garden of Eden  (1) Garden of Gethsemane  (3) Geneologies  (2) General Revelation  (8) Genesis  (30) Genetic Engineering  (2) Genetics  (2) Gentiles  (4) Gentleness  (6) Geography  (4) Geology  (2) George Lubbers  (1) Germany  (6) Ghana  (3) Gideon  (12) Gifts  (6) Giving  (5) Global Warming  (4) Glorification  (2) Glory  (5) God’s image  (2) God’s Sovereignty  (3) God’s Will  (2) Godliness  (5) Golden Rule  (3) Goliath  (2) Good Works  (22) Goodness  (4) Gospel  (22) Gossip  (9) Gottschalk  (10) Government  (58) Grace  (28) Graduation  (13) Gravity  (2) Great Depression  (2) grief  (2) Guidance  (3) Guido de Bres  (5) Gulf War  (2) Habbakuk  (1) Habits  (4) Hagar  (5) Haggai  (1) Haiti  (3) Halloween  (2) Haman  (3) Hannah  (2) Harmony Homes  (1) Harvest  (3) Heart  (8) Heaven  (28) Hebrews 11  (7) Hell  (6) Hellenism  (2) Heroes of Faith  (2) Hibernation  (2) High School  (2) Higher Criticism  (2) History  (19) Holiness  (16) Holland Protestant Reformed Church  (3) Hollywood  (3) Holy Spirit  (16) Home  (23) Homosexuality  (4) Honesty  (3) Honor  (8) Hope  (13) Hope conference  (2) Hope Protestant Reformed Church  (3) Horses  (2) Hosea  (4) Hosea 4  (3) Houston  (4) Hubert DeWolf  (2) Hudsonville Protestant Reformed Church  (3) Huguenots  (2) Hull Protestant Reformed Church  (6) Humanism  (4) Humility  (11) Humor  (3) Husbands  (4) Hymns  (11) I Corinthians  (9) I Corinthians 15:19-20  (2) I Peter 3:15  (3) I Samuel  (8) Idolatry  (19) Ignatius  (4) II Timothy 3:1  (2) Image of God  (4) Imitation  (6) Immigration  (7) Incarnation  (22) India  (7) Individualism  (3) Infallibility  (4) inflation  (1) Inheritance  (4) Insects  (6) Inspiration  (3) Instinct  (2) Institutes of the Christian Religion  (3) Insurance  (2) Internet  (6) Interview  (5) Iowa  (4) Iraq  (2) Ireland  (2) Irresistible Grace  (3) Isaac  (10) Isaiah  (2) Isaiah 53  (2) Ishmael  (6) Islam  (3) Israel  (25) Jacob  (17) Jacobus Arminius  (13) Jamaica  (7) James  (10) Japan  (4) Jealousy  (2) Jehovah’s Witnesses  (3) Jephthah  (3) Jerusalem  (9) Jerusalem Council  (3) Jesuits  (2) Jesus  (2) Jesus’s Resurrection  (2) Jews  (16) Job  (18) Joel  (1) John  (18) John 11:25  (3) John Calvin  (29) John Chrysostom  (1) John F. Kennedy  (4) John Huss  (4) John Locke  (2) John the Baptist  (5) John Wesley  (2) John Wycliffe  (4) Jonah  (6) Jonathan  (5) Joseph  (25) Joy  (21) Judah  (3) Jude 1  (2) Jude 11  (2) Jude 7  (2) Judges  (15) Judging  (12) judgment  (1) Justice  (3) Justification  (7) Kalamazoo Protestant Reformed Church  (2) Kangaroos  (2) Karl Barth  (7) Khrushchev  (2) Kindergarten  (2) Kindness  (3) King James Version  (10) Kingdom of God  (2) Knowing Whom I Have Believed  (7) Knowledge  (16) Korea  (7) Laban  (3) Labor  (39) Labor Unions  (21) Lambs  (3) Lamech  (2) Language  (5) last days  (1) Law  (10) Laziness  (5) Leadership  (7) Learning  (5) Leaves  (2) Lent  (8) Leonardo Fibonacci  (2) Letters  (10) Levites  (2) Leviticus  (1) LGBT  (2) Liberated Churches  (3) Liberty  (2) Libraries  (5) Life  (8) Light  (13) Limited Atonement  (8) Lions  (5) Listening  (4) Literature  (7) Little Lights  (16) Logic  (2) Longsuffering  (4) Lord’s Prayer  (4) Lord’s Supper  (9) Lot  (12) Love  (64) Loveland Protestant Reformed Christian School  (2) Loyalty  (2) Luke  (27) Lusts  (4) Lydia  (2) Lying  (13) Maccabees  (2) Magazines  (2) Mail  (6) Mailbag  (111) Malachi  (1) Mammon  (3) man  (5) Manhattan Protestant Reformed Church  (2) manhood  (6) Marraige  (5) Marriage  (99) Martha  (2) Martin Bucer  (2) Martin Luther  (33) Martin Luther King  (2) Mary  (9) Mass Meeting  (2) Materialism  (8) Mathematics  (5) Maturity  (5) Means of Grace  (7) Measurements  (2) Medical Science  (3) Meditation  (3) Meekness  (6) Mega-Churches  (4) Memorials  (4) Men  (12) Mennonites  (3) Mercy  (7) Mergers  (2) Messiah  (4) Mexico  (1) Micah  (3) Military  (160) Ministers  (6) Ministry  (47) minor prophets  (13) Miracles  (6) mission field  (17) missionary  (3) Modernism  (5) Modernist-Unitarian Movement  (2) Mohammed  (2) Money  (15) Monica  (2) Montanism  (2) Moon  (5) morality  (1) Mordecai  (4) Mormonism  (1) Moses  (7) Mothers  (27) Movies  (27) Murder  (5) Mushrooms  (2) Music  (56) Nahum  (1) Naomi  (5) Narrow Way  (4) Narrow-mindedness  (3) national parks  (1) Nature  (3) Nazis  (5) Nebuchadnezzar  (4) Nehemiah  (2) Nestorius  (2) Netherlands  (19) New Age Movement  (2) New Man  (4) New Orleans  (2) New Testament  (3) New Years  (48) New Years Resolutions  (2) New Zealand  (2) Nicea  (4) Nicene  (1) Nicodemus  (3) Night  (2) Noah  (8) Noah’s Ark  (4) Non-Fiction  (3) Northern Ireland  (4) Nursing  (2) Oak Lawn Protestant Reformed Church  (2) Obadiah  (1) Obedience  (20) Oceans  (3) October 31 1517  (2) Oil  (2) Old Age  (2) Old Man  (4) Old Testament  (5) Onderwijzer  (10) Opinions  (3) order of salvation  (7) ordo salutis  (7) Organ Transplants  (2) Origen  (3) Orpah  (3) Orphans  (2) Parable Of The Sower  (2) Parables  (4) Parents  (59) passion week  (9) Passover  (3) Patience  (6) Patriarchy movement  (2) Patriotism  (5) Paul  (54) Peace  (36) Peer Pressure  (7) Pelagianism  (9) Pella  (2) Penicillin  (3) Pentacostalism  (2) Pentecost  (9) Persecution  (22) Perseverance Of The Saints  (9) Peter  (13) Pharaoh  (3) Pharoah  (2) Philemon  (1) Philip Melanchthon  (3) Philippians  (1) Philippines  (12) Philistines  (4) philosophy  (4) Phinehas  (2) Phone  (3) Pictures  (2) Piercings  (2) Pilgrimage  (19) PIlgrims  (4) Pilgrims Progress  (35) Pitcairn Island  (2) Planets  (4) Plants  (4) Plays  (2) Pleasure  (2) Plenary Inspiration  (2) Poetry  (33) Political Left  (3) Political Right  (3) Polycarp  (4) Postmillenialism  (3) Postmillennialism  (3) Postmodernism  (5) Practice  (6) Praise  (6) Prayer  (110) Preaching  (57) Predestination  (13) Premillenialism  (2) Premillennialism  (6) Preparation  (6) Presbyterianism  (4) Preservation of the Saints  (3) President  (2) Pride  (16) Prodigal Son  (3) Prof. D. Engelsma  (2) Promise  (9) Promise Keepers  (2) Pronouns in Prayer  (2) Prophecy  (3) Prophets  (16) Prosperity  (5) Protection  (2) Protestant Reformed Churches  (61) Protestant Reformed Hour  (2) Protestant Reformed Scholarship Fund  (2) Protestantism  (2) Proverbs  (7) Proverbs 23:23  (2) Proverbs 31:10-31  (3) Proverbs 4:14-19  (2) Providence  (49) Psalm 23  (4) Psalm 27:4  (2) Psalm 73  (2) Psalms  (21) Psalter  (8) Psychology  (8) Public Schools  (10) Purity  (6) Puzzles  (2) Quietness  (2) Quizzes  (4) R.G. LeTourneau  (2) Rachel  (2) Racial Issues  (6) Radio  (9) Rain  (2) Rainbow  (2) Ralph Janssen  (18) Randolph  (3) Randolph Protestant Reformed Church  (2) Rapture  (4) Reading  (33) Ready to Give an Answer  (5) Rebekah  (3) Rebellion  (2) Red Sea  (2) Redemption  (6) Redlands  (5) Redlands Protestant Reformed Church  (7) Reformation  (35) Reformed  (11) Reformed Church of America  (2) Reformed Faith  (3) Reformed Liberated Churches  (2) Reformed State Churches  (2) Reformed Synodal Churches  (2) Reformed Witness Hour  (6) Regeneration  (15) rejoice  (2) Relationships  (2) Religion  (7) Repentance  (11) Reprobation  (6) Reputation  (2) Resolutions  (2) Respect  (7) Responsibility  (12) Resurrection  (35) Retreat  (9) Rev. A. den Hartog  (2) Rev. A. Van Raalte  (4) Rev. C. Hanko  (40) Rev. G. Lubbers  (2) Rev. G. M. Ophoff  (29) Rev. H. Danhof  (2) Rev. H. Hoeksema  (19) Rev. I. Wyckoff  (2) Rev. J. Mahtani  (2) Rev. R. Van Overloop  (2) Revelation  (22) Revelation 22:17  (2) Reverence  (2) Revised Standard Version  (4) revival  (1) Rhinoceri  (2) Richard Nixon  (3) Right to Life  (3) Righteousness  (3) Rock Music  (16) Rock Valley  (3) Rockets  (3) Role Models  (2) Roman Catholic Church  (25) Roman Empire  (3) Romans  (5) Romans 10:9  (2) Romans 12:1  (2) Romans 13  (2) Rome  (2) Running  (4) Russia  (5) Russian Orthodox Churches  (3) Ruth  (7) Sabbath  (2) Sabbath Day  (21) Sabbath Observance  (5) Sacraments  (10) Sacrifice  (8) Safety  (2) Salvation  (44) Samaritan Woman  (2) Samson  (5) Samuel  (3) Sanctification  (33) Sanhedrin  (2) Sapphira  (2) Sarah  (4) Satan  (8) Saul  (12) School  (4) Schools  (2) Science  (42) Scripture  (111) Scripture Interpretation  (10) Secession Of 1834  (27) Second Coming  (3) Sects  (6) Seeds  (6) Seeking  (3) Self-Denial  (5) Self-Esteem  (6) Selfishness  (10) Selflessness  (2) Seminary  (28) Serve  (3) Service  (12) Sex  (18) Sexual Purity  (4) Sexual Sin  (10) Shame  (3) Shechem  (2) Sheep  (14) Shepherd  (21) Shield  (2) Signs of the Times  (2) Silas  (2) Sin  (68) Sincerity  (2) Singapore  (7) Singing  (19) Singleness  (12) Singspirations  (7) Slavery  (2) Smoking  (9) Snakes  (2) Snow  (4) So Shall I Keep Thy Law  (8) Sobriety  (4) Social Media  (4) Socialism  (2) Sodom  (10) Solar System  (3) Soli Deo Gloria  (2) Solomon  (13) Sorrow  (6) Soul  (3) Soul-Winning  (2) South  (2) South Holland PR Church  (3) South Holland Protestant Reformed Church  (5) Southeast PR Church  (3) Southeast Protestant Reformed Church  (2) Southwest Protestant Reformed Church  (3) Sovereignty  (21) Soviet Union  (3) Sovreignty  (4) Sovreingty  (3) Space Science  (3) Special Needs  (25) Special revelation  (3) Speech  (6) Spiders  (8) Spirit  (2) Spiritual Armor  (10) Spiritual Growth  (3) spiritual lethargy  (1) Spiritual Strength  (3) Spiritual Treasures  (5) Spiritual Warfare  (35) Split of 1924  (2) Split of 1953  (16) Sponges  (2) Sports  (25) Spring  (21) Stalingrad  (2) Standard Bearer  (4) Stars  (6) starvation  (2) Steadfastness  (4) Stealing  (7) Stephen  (4) Stewardship  (51) Storms  (2) Strangers  (3) Strength  (4) Stress  (2) Students  (2) Study  (3) study abroad  (2) Stumbling-Blocks  (2) Submission  (3) Success  (4) Suffering  (37) Suicide  (6) Summer  (5) Summer Youth Camp  (2) Sun  (5) Sunday School  (3) Supralapsarianism  (2) Swearing  (3) Sword of the Spirit  (4) Sympathy  (3) Synod  (3) Synod Of Dordt  (15) Talents  (2) Tattoos  (3) teachers  (5) Teaching  (106) Teasing  (4) Technology  (16) teens  (2) Television  (23) Temperance  (4) Temple  (3) Temptation  (16) Temptations  (4) Ten Commandments  (17) Testimony  (4) Thanksgiving  (65) The Fruit of the Spirit  (2) The Holy War  (5) The Millennium  (3) The Passion Of The Christ  (2) The Plain Truth  (3) The Reformed Truth Hour  (2) The Reformed Witness Hour  (10) The Sovereign Grace Hour  (5) Theistic Evolutionism  (2) Thieleman Hesshuss  (2) Third Commandment  (4) Thomas Cranmer  (2) Thomas Jefferson  (2) Thunderstorms  (3) Time  (29) Timothy  (4) Titus 2:4-5  (2) Tolerance  (6) Tongue  (11) Tongues  (5) Tornadoes  (7) Total Depravity  (17) Tower of Babel  (3) Tradition  (4) Transformed  (2) travel  (1) Trees  (10) Trials  (39) Trinity  (7) True Marks  (2) Trust  (15) Truth  (43) TULIP  (23) UFO’s  (2) Uithuizermeeden  (2) Ukraine  (1) Ulrich Zwingli  (2) Uncertainty  (3) Unconditional Election  (3) Understanding  (3) Union with Christ  (7) United Nations  (6) Unity  (11) Urban Problems  (2) Values  (4) Vanity  (3) Verbal Inspiration  (2) Victory  (4) Video Games  (2) Vietnam War  (5) Vigilance  (2) Violence  (5) Vocation  (37) Vouchers  (2) Wages  (2) War  (90) Water  (5) Wealth  (7) Weather  (2) Weight  (5) Well-Meant Offer  (7) Wicked  (4) William Tyndale  (9) Winter  (7) Wisdom  (18) Wisemen  (3) Witness  (4) Witnessing  (74) Wittenberg  (4) Wives  (9) womanhood  (5) Women  (40) Women in Office  (2) Words  (3) Works  (4) World  (48) World War II  (4) Worldview  (11) Worms  (3) Worship  (31) Writing  (4) WWJD Bracelets  (3) Young People  (3) Young Peoples’ Society  (26) Youth  (64) Youth Center  (2) Youth For Christ Movement  (3) Zacharias  (2) Zacharias Ursinus  (3) Zeal  (9) Zechariah  (1) Zephaniah  (1) Zophar  (2)
• All Rubric Ask Onderwijzer  (13) Ask Schuyler  (63) Book Review  (275) Called to the Ministry  (16) Choosing a Vocation  (33) Christian Colleges  (9) Christian Living  (402) Church Family  (175) Church History  (377) Church News  (43) Church Profile  (6) Classroom Rubrics  (48) Conventions and Retreats  (256) Creation Rubrics  (213) Critique  (168) Current Events and Issues  (306) Devotional  (345) Discussion Outlines  (290) Editor’s Note  (88) Editorial  (761) Family Time  (11) Fearfully and Wonderfully Made  (23) Feature  (271) Focus on Christian Women  (36) For Further Meditation  (36) From the Pastor’s Study  (310) From the Web  (17) Fruit of the Spirit  (26) Fruitful Branches  (110) God’s Covenant Faithfulness  (22) Guest Article  (153) Hold Fast Our Heritage  (8) Issue at Hand  (56) Letters  (395) Little Lights  (309) Memoirs of Cornelius Hanko  (35) Missions Rubrics  (136) Music  (92) Our Goodly Heritage  (47) Our Young People’s Federation  (112) Pastor Profiles  (41) Poetry  (451) Ready to Give an Answer  (5) Reflections  (12) Scholarship Essay  (57) Serving the Church  (26) Singleness / Dating and Marriage  (50) Story Time  (118) To Lose the Battle and to Win the War  (15) Truth vs. Error  (327) Unknown  (1,000) Where We Stand  (142) Winds of Doctrine  (25) Writing Contest  (81)
• Issue Vol 1 No 1 1941 Vol 1 No 2 1941 Vol 1 No 3 1941 Vol 1 No 4 1941 Vol 1 No 5 1941 Vol 2 No 1 1941 Vol 2 No 2 1941 Vol 2 No 3 1941 Vol 2 No 4 1942 Vol 2 No 5 1942 Vol 2 No 6 1942 Vol 2 No 7 1942 Vol 2 No 8 1942 Vol 3 No 1 1942 Vol 3 No 2 1942 Vol 3 No 3 1942 Vol 3 No 4 1943 Vol 3 No 5 1943 Vol 3 No 6 1943 Vol 3 No 7 1943 Vol 3 No 8 1943 Vol 3 No 9 1943 Vol 3 No 10 1943 Vol 4 No 1 1943 Vol 4 No 2 1943 Vol 4 No 3 1943 Vol 4 No 4 1944 Vol 4 No 5 1944 Vol 4 No 6 1944 Vol 4 No 7 1944 Vol 4 No 8 1944 Vol 4 No 9 1944 Vol 4 No 10 1944 Vol 5 No 1 1944 Vol 5 No 2 1944 Vol 5 No 3 1944 Vol 5 No 4 1945 Vol 5 No 5 1945 Vol 5 No 6 1945 Vol 5 No 7 1945 Vol 5 No 8 1945 Vol 5 No 9 1945 Vol 5 No 10 1945 Vol 6 No 1 1945 Vol 6 No 2 1945 Vol 6 No 3 1945 Vol 6 No 4 1946 Vol 6 No 5 1946 Vol 6 No 6 1946 Vol 6 No 7 1946 Vol 6 No 8 1946 Vol 6 No 9 1946 Vol 6 No 10 1946 Vol 7 No 1 1946 Vol 7 No 2 1946 Vol 7 No 3 1946 Vol 7 No 4 1947 Vol 7 No 5 1947 Vol 7 No 6 1947 Vol 7 No 7 1947 Vol 7 No 8 1947 Vol 7 No 9 1947 Vol 7 No 10 1947 Vol 8 No 1 1947 Vol 8 No 2 1947 Vol 8 No 3 1947 Vol 8 No 4 1948 Vol 8 No 5 1948 Vol 8 No 6 1948 Vol 8 No 7 1948 Vol 8 No 9 1948 Vol 8 No 8 1948 Vol 8 No 10 1948 Vol 9 No 1 1948 Vol 9 No 2 1948 Vol 9 No 3 1948 Vol 9 No 4 1949 Vol 9 No 5 1949 Vol 9 No 6 1949 Vol 9 No 7 1949 Vol 9 No 8 1949 Vol 9 No 9 1949 Vol 9 No 10 1949 Vol 10 No 1 1949 Vol 10 No 2 1949 Vol 10 No 3 1949 Vol 10 No 4 1950 Vol 10 No 5 1950 Vol 10 No 6 1950 Vol 10 No 7 1950 Vol 10 No 8 1950 Vol 10 No 9 1950 Vol 10 No 10 1950 Vol 11 No 1 1950 Vol 11 No 2 1950 Vol 11 No 3 1950 Vol 11 No 4 1951 Vol 11 No 5 1951 Vol 11 No 6 1951 Vol 11 No 7 1951 Vol 11 No 8 1951 Vol 11 No 9 1951 Vol 11 No 10 1951 Vol 12 No 1 1951 Vol 12 No 2 1951 Vol 12 No 3 1951 Vol 12 No 4 1952 Vol 12 No 5 1952 Vol 12 No 6 1952 Vol 12 No 7 1952 Vol 12 No 8 1952 Vol 12 No 9 1952 Vol 12 No 10 1952 Vol 13 No 1 1952 Vol 13 No 2 1952 Vol 13 No 3 1952 Vol 13 No 4 1953 Vol 13 No 5 1953 Vol 13 No 6 1953 Vol 13 No 7 1953 Vol 13 No 8 1953 Vol 13 No 9 1953 Vol 14 No 1 1954 Vol 14 No 2 1954 Vol 14 No 3 1954 Vol 14 No 4 1954 Vol 14 No 5 1954 Vol 14 No 6 1954 Vol 14 No 7 1954 Vol 14 No 8 1954 Vol 14 No 9 1954 Vol 14 No 10 1955 Vol 15 No 1 1955 Vol 15 No 2 1955 Vol 15 No 3 1955 Vol 15 No 4 1955 Vol 15 No 5 1955 Vol 15 No 6 1955 Vol 15 No 7 1955 Vol 15 No 8 1955 Vol 15 No 9 1955 Vol 15 No 10 1956 Vol 16 No 1 1956 Vol 16 No 2 1956 Vol 16 No 3 1956 Vol 16 No 4 1956 Vol 16 No 5 1956 Vol 16 No 6 1956 Vol 16 No 7 1956 Vol 16 No 8 1956 Vol 16 No 9 1956 Vol 16 No 10 1957 Vol 17 No 1 1957 Vol 17 No 2 1957 Vol 17 No 3 1957 Vol 17 No 4 1957 Vol 17 No 5 1957 Vol 17 No 6 1957 Vol 17 No 7 1957 Vol 17 No 8 1957 Vol 17 No 9 1957 Vol 17 No 10 1958 Vol 18 No 1 1958 Vol 18 No 2 1958 Vol 18 No 3 1958 Vol 18 No 4 1958 Vol 18 No 5 1958 Vol 18 No 6 1958 Vol 18 No 7 1958 Vol 18 No 8 1958 Vol 18 No 9 1958 Vol 18 No 10 1959 Vol 19 No 1 1959 Vol 19 No 2 1959 Vol 19 No 3 1959 Vol 19 No 4 1959 Vol 19 No 5 1959 Vol 19 No 6 1959 Vol 19 No 7 1959 Vol 19 No 8 1959 Vol 19 No 9 1960 Vol 20 No 1 1960 Vol 20 No 2 1960 Vol 20 No 3 1960 Vol 20 No 4 1960 Vol 20 No 5 1960 Vol 20 No 6 1960 Vol 20 No 7 1960 Vol 20 No 8 1960 Vol 21 No 1 1961 Vol 21 No 2 1961 Vol 21 No 3 1961 Vol 21 No 4 1961 Vol 21 No 5 1961 Vol 21 No 6 1961 Vol 21 No 7 1961 Vol 21 No 8 1961 Vol 21 No 9 1961 Vol 21 No 10 1962 Vol 22 No 1 1962 Vol 22 No 2 1962 Vol 22 No 3 1962 Vol 22 No 4 1962 Vol 22 No 5 1962 Vol 22 No 6 1962 Vol 22 No 7 1962 Vol 22 No 8 1962 Vol 22 No 9 1962 Vol 22 No 10 1963 Vol 23 No 1 1963 Vol 23 No 2 1963 Vol 23 No 3 1963 Vol 23 No 4 1963 Vol 23 No 5 1963 Vol 23 No 6 1963 Vol 23 No 7 1963 Vol 23 No 8 1963 Vol 23 No 9 1963 Vol 23 No 10 1964 Vol 24 No 1 1964 Vol 24 No 2 1964 Vol 24 No 3 1964 Vol 24 No 4 1964 Vol 24 No 5 1964 Vol 24 No 6 1964 Vol 24 No 7 1964 Vol 24 No 8 1964 Vol 24 No 9 1964 Vol 24 No 10 1965 Vol 24 No 11 1965 Vol 25 No 1 1965 Vol 25 No 2 1965 Vol 25 No 3 1965 Vol 25 No 4 1965 Vol 25 No 5 1965 Vol 25 No 6 1965 Vol 25 No 7 1965 Vol 25 No 8 1965 Vol 25 No 9 1966 Vol 25 No 10 1966 Vol 26 No 1 1966 Vol 26 No 2 1966 Vol 26 No 3 1966 Vol 26 No 4 1966 Vol 26 No 5 1966 Vol 26 No 6 1966 Vol 26 No 7 1966 Vol 26 No 8 1966 Vol 26 No 9 1967 Vol 26 No 10 1967 Vol 27 No 1 1967 Vol 27 No 2 1967 Vol 27 No 3 1967 Vol 27 No 4 1967 Vol 27 No 5 1967 Vol 27 No 6 1967 Vol 27 No 7 1967 Vol 27 No 8 1967 Vol 27 No 9 1968 Vol 27 No 10 1968 Vol 28 No 1 1968 Vol 28 No 2 1968 Vol 28 No 3 1968 Vol 28 No 4 1968 Vol 28 No 5 1968 Vol 28 No 6 1968 Vol 28 No 7 1968 Vol 28 No 8 1968 Vol 28 No 9 1969 Vol 28 No 10 1969 Vol 29 No 1 1969 Vol 29 No 2 1969 Vol 29 No 3 1969 Vol 29 No 4 1969 Vol 29 No 5 1969 Vol 29 No 6 1969 Vol 29 No 7 1969 Vol 29 No 8 1969 Vol 29 No 9 1970 Vol 29 No 10 1970 Vol 30 No 1 1970 Vol 30 No 2 1970 Vol 30 No 3 1970 Vol 30 No 4 1970 Vol 30 No 5 1970 Vol 30 No 6 1970 Vol 30 No 7 1970 Vol 30 No 8 1970 Vol 30 No 9 1971 Vol 30 No 10 1971 Vol 31 No 1 1971 Vol 31 No 2 1971 Vol 31 No 3 1971 Vol 31 No 4 1971 Vol 31 No 5 1971 Vol 31 No 6 1971 Vol 31 No 7 1971 Vol 31 No 8 1971 Vol 32 No 1 1972 Vol 32 No 2 1972 Vol 32 No 3 1972 Vol 32 No 4 1972 Vol 32 No 5 1972 Vol 32 No 6 1972 Vol 32 No 7 1972 Vol 32 No 8 1972 Vol 32 No 9 1973 Vol 32 No 10 1973 Vol 33a No 1 1973 Vol 33a No 2 1973 Vol 33a No 3 1973 Vol 33a No 4 1973 Vol 33a No 5 1973 Vol 33a No 6 1973 Vol 33a No 7 1973 Vol 33a No 8 1974 Vol 33a No 9 1974 Vol 33b No 1 1974 Vol 33b No 2 1974 Vol 33b No 3 1974 Vol 33b No 4 1974 Vol 33b No 5 1974 Vol 33b No 6 1974 Vol 33b No 7 1974 Vol 33b No 8 1974 Vol 33b No 9 1975 Vol 33b No 10 1975 Vol 34 No 1 1975 Vol 34 No 2 1975 Vol 34 No 3 1975 Vol 34 No 4 1975 Vol 34 No 5 1975 Vol 34 No 6 1975 Vol 34 No 7 1975 Vol 34 No 8 1975 Vol 34 No 9 1975 Vol 34 No 10 1976 Vol 34 No 11 1976 Vol 35 No 1 1976 Vol 35 No 2 1976 Vol 35 No 3 1976 Vol 35 No 4 1976 Vol 35 No 5 1976 Vol 35 No 6 1976 Vol 35 No 7 1976 Vol 35 No 9 1977 Vol 35 No 10 1977 Vol 36 No 1 1977 Vol 36 No 2 1977 Vol 36 No 3 1977 Vol 36 No 4 1977 Vol 36 No 5 1977 Vol 36 No 6 1977 Vol 36 No 7 1977 Vol 36 No 8 1977 Vol 36 No 9 1978 Vol 36 No 10 1978 Vol 37 No 1 1978 Vol 37 No 2 1978 Vol 37 No 3 1978 Vol 37 No 4 1978 Vol 37 No 5 1978 Vol 37 No 6 1978 Vol 37 No 7 1978 Vol 37 No 8 1978 Vol 37 No 9 1979 Vol 37 No 10 1979 Vol 38 No 1 1979 Vol 38 No 2 1979 Vol 38 No 3 1979 Vol 38 No 4 1979 Vol 38 No 5 1979 Vol 38 No 6 1979 Vol 38 No 7 1979 Vol 38 No 8 1979 Vol 38 No 9 1980 Vol 38 No 10 1980 Vol 39 No 1 1980 Vol 39 No 2 1980 Vol 39 No 3 1980 Vol 39 No 4 1980 Vol 39 No 5 1980 Vol 39 No 6 1980 Vol 39 No 7 1980 Vol 39 No 8 1980 Vol 40 No 1 1981 Vol 40 No 2 1981 Vol 40 No 3 1981 Vol 40 No 4 1981 Vol 40 No 5 1981 Vol 40 No 6 1981 Vol 40 No 7 1981 Vol 40 No 8 1981 Vol 40 No 9 1981 Vol 40 No 10 1981 Vol 41 No 1 1982 Vol 41 No 2 1982 Vol 41 No 3 1982 Vol 41 No 4 1982 Vol 41 No 5 1982 Vol 41 No 6 1982 Vol 41 No 7 1982 Vol 41 No 8 1982 Vol 41 No 9 1982 Vol 41 No 10 1982 Vol 42 No 1 1983 Vol 42 No 2 1983 Vol 42 No 3 1983 Vol 42 No 4 1983 Vol 42 No 5 1983 Vol 42 No 6 1983 Vol 42 No 7 1983 Vol 42 No 8 1983 Vol 42 No 9 1983 Vol 42 No 10 1983 Vol 43 No 1 1984 Vol 43 No 2 1984 Vol 43 No 3 1984 Vol 43 No 4 1984 Vol 43 No 5 1984 Vol 43 No 6 1984 Vol 43 No 7 1984 Vol 43 No 8 1984 Vol 43 No 9 1984 Vol 43 No 10 1984 Vol 44 No 1 1985 Vol 44 No 2 1985 Vol 44 No 3 1985 Vol 44 No 4 1985 Vol 44 No 5 1985 Vol 44 No 6 1985 Vol 44 No 7 1985 Vol 44 No 8 1985 Vol 44 No 9 1985 Vol 44 No 10 1985 Vol 45 No 1 1986 Vol 45 No 2 1986 Vol 45 No 3 1986 Vol 45 No 4 1986 Vol 45 No 5 1986 Vol 45 No 6 1986 Vol 45 No 7 1986 Vol 45 No 8 1986 Vol 45 No 9 1986 Vol 45 No 10 1986 Vol 46 No 1 1987 Vol 46 No 2 1987 Vol 46 No 3 1987 Vol 46 No 4 1987 Vol 46 No 5 1987 Vol 46 No 6 1987 Vol 46 No 7 1987 Vol 46 No 8 1987 Vol 46 No 9 1987 Vol 46 No 10 1987 Vol 47 No 1 1988 Vol 47 No 2 1988 Vol 47 No 3 1988 Vol 47 No 4 1988 Vol 47 No 5 1988 Vol 47 No 6 1988 Vol 47 No 7 1988 Vol 47 No 8 1988 Vol 47 No 9 1988 Vol 47 No 10 1988 Vol 48 No 1 1989 Vol 48 No 2 1989 Vol 48 No 3 1989 Vol 48 No 4 1989 Vol 48 No 5 1989 Vol 48 No 6 1989 Vol 48 No 7 1989 Vol 48 No 8 1989 Vol 48 No 9 1989 Vol 48 No 10 1989 Vol 49 No 1 1990 Vol 49 No 2 1990 Vol 49 No 3 1990 Vol 49 No 4 1990 Vol 49 No 5 1990 Vol 49 No 6 1990 Vol 49 No 7 1990 Vol 49 No 8 1990 Vol 49 No 9 1990 Vol 49 No 10 1990 Vol 50 No 1 1991 Vol 50 No 2 1991 Vol 50 No 3 1991 Vol 50 No 4 1991 Vol 50 No 5 1991 Vol 50 No 6 1991 Vol 50 No 7 1991 Vol 50 No 8 1991 Vol 50 No 9 1991 Vol 50 No 10 1991 Vol 51 No 1 1992 Vol 51 No 2 1992 Vol 51 No 3 1992 Vol 51 No 4 1992 Vol 51 No 5 1992 Vol 51 No 6 1992 Vol 51 No 7 1992 Vol 51 No 8 1992 Vol 51 No 9 1992 Vol 51 No 10 1992 Vol 52 No 1 1993 Vol 52 No 2 1993 Vol 52 No 3 1993 Vol 52 No 4 1993 Vol 52 No 5 1993 Vol 52 No 6 1993 Vol 52 No 7 1993 Vol 52 No 8 1993 Vol 52 No 9 1993 Vol 52 No 10 1993 Vol 53 No 1 1994 Vol 53 No 2 1994 Vol 53 No 3 1994 Vol 53 No 4 1994 Vol 53 No 5 1994 Vol 53 No 6 1994 Vol 53 No 7 1994 Vol 53 No 8 1994 Vol 53 No 9 1994 Vol 53 No 10 1994 Vol 53 No 11 1994 Vol 53 No 12 1994 Vol 54 No 1 1995 Vol 54 No 2 1995 Vol 54 No 3 1995 Vol 54 No 4 1995 Vol 54 No 5 1995 Vol 54 No 6 1995 Vol 54 No 7 1995 Vol 54 No 8 1995 Vol 54 No 9 1995 Vol 54 No 10 1995 Vol 54 No 11 1995 Vol 54 No 12 1995 Vol 55 No 1 1996 Vol 55 No 2 1996 Vol 55 No 3 1996 Vol 55 No 4 1996 Vol 55 No 5 1996 Vol 55 No 6 1996 Vol 55 No 7 1996 Vol 55 No 8 1996 Vol 55 No 9 1996 Vol 55 No 10 1996 Vol 55 No 11 1996 Vol 55 No 12 1996 Vol 56 No 1 1997 Vol 56 No 2 1997 Vol 56 No 3 1997 Vol 56 No 4 1997 Vol 56 No 5 1997 Vol 56 No 6 1997 Vol 56 No 7 1997 Vol 56 No 8 1997 Vol 56 No 9 1997 Vol 56 No 10 1997 Vol 56 No 11 1997 Vol 57 No 1 1998 Vol 57 No 2 1998 Vol 57 No 3 1998 Vol 57 No 4 1998 Vol 57 No 5 1998 Vol 57 No 6 1998 Vol 57 No 7 1998 Vol 57 No 8 1998 Vol 57 No 9 1998 Vol 57 No 10 1998 Vol 57 No 11 1998 Vol 57 No 12 1998 Vol 58 No 1 1999 Vol 58 No 2 1999 Vol 58 No 3 1999 Vol 58 No 4 1999 Vol 58 No 5 1999 Vol 58 No 6 1999 Vol 58 No 7 1999 Vol 58 No 8 1999 Vol 58 No 9 1999 Vol 58 No 10 1999 Vol 58 No 11 1999 Vol 58 No 12 1999 Vol 59 No 1 2000 Vol 59 No 2 2000 Vol 59 No 3 2000 Vol 59 No 4 2000 Vol 59 No 5 2000 Vol 59 No 6 2000 Vol 59 No 7 2000 Vol 59 No 8 2000 Vol 59 No 9 2000 Vol 59 No 10 2000 Vol 59 No 11 2000 Vol 60 No 1 2001 Vol 60 No 2 2001 Vol 60 No 3 2001 Vol 60 No 4 2001 Vol 60 No 5 2001 Vol 60 No 6 2001 Vol 60 No 7 2001 Vol 60 No 8 2001 Vol 60 No 9 2001 Vol 60 No 10 2001 Vol 60 No 11 2001 Vol 61 No 1 2002 Vol 61 No 2 2002 Vol 61 No 3 2002 Vol 61 No 4 2002 Vol 61 No 5 2002 Vol 61 No 6 2002 Vol 61 No 7 2002 Vol 61 No 8 2002 Vol 61 No 9 2002 Vol 61 No 10 2002 Vol 61 No 11 2002 Vol 62 No 1 2003 Vol 62 No 2 2003 Vol 62 No 3 2003 Vol 62 No 4 2003 Vol 62 No 5 2003 Vol 62 No 6 2003 Vol 62 No 7 2003 Vol 62 No 8 2003 Vol 62 No 9 2003 Vol 62 No 10 2003 Vol 62 No 11 2003 Vol 63 No 1 2004 Vol 63 No 2 2004 Vol 63 No 3 2004 Vol 63 No 4 2004 Vol 63 No 5 2004 Vol 63 No 6 2004 Vol 63 No 7 2004 Vol 63 No 8 2004 Vol 63 No 9 2004 Vol 63 No 10 2004 Vol 63 No 11 2004 Vol 64 No 1 2005 Vol 64 No 2 2005 Vol 64 No 3 2005 Vol 64 No 4 2005 Vol 64 No 5 2005 Vol 64 No 6 2005 Vol 64 No 7 2005 Vol 64 No 8 2005 Vol 64 No 9 2005 Vol 64 No 10 2005 Vol 64 No 11 2005 Vol 65 No 1 2006 Vol 65 No 2 2006 Vol 65 No 3 2006 Vol 65 No 4 2006 Vol 65 No 5 2006 Vol 65 No 6 2006 Vol 65 No 7 2006 Vol 65 No 8 2006 Vol 65 No 9 2006 Vol 65 No 10 2006 Vol 65 No 11 2006 Vol 66 No 1 2007 Vol 66 No 2 2007 Vol 66 No 3 2007 Vol 66 No 4 2007 Vol 66 No 5 2007 Vol 66 No 6 2007 Vol 66 No 7 2007 Vol 66 No 8 2007 Vol 66 No 9 2007 Vol 66 No 10 2007 Vol 66 No 11 2007 Vol 67 No 1 2008 Vol 67 No 2 2008 Vol 67 No 3 2008 Vol 67 No 4 2008 Vol 67 No 5 2008 Vol 67 No 6 2008 Vol 67 No 7 2008 Vol 67 No 8 2008 Vol 67 No 9 2008 Vol 67 No 10 2008 Vol 67 No 11 2008 Vol 68 No 1 2009 Vol 68 No 2 2009 Vol 68 No 3 2009 Vol 68 No 4 2009 Vol 68 No 5 2009 Vol 68 No 6 2009 Vol 68 No 7 2009 Vol 68 No 8 2009 Vol 68 No 9 2009 Vol 68 No 10 2009 Vol 68 No 11 2009 Vol 69 No 1 2010 Vol 69 No 2 2010 Vol 69 No 3 2010 Vol 69 No 4 2010 Vol 69 No 5 2010 Vol 69 No 6 2010 Vol 69 No 7 2010 Vol 69 No 8 2010 Vol 69 No 9 2010 Vol 69 No 10 2010 Vol 69 No 11 2010 Vol 70 No 1 2011 Vol 70 No 2 2011 Vol 70 No 3 2011 Vol 70 No 4 2011 Vol 70 No 5 2011 Vol 70 No 6 2011 Vol 70 No 7 2011 Vol 70 No 8 2011 Vol 70 No 9 2011 Vol 70 No 10 2011 Vol 70 No 11 2011 Vol 71 No 1 2012 Vol 71 No 2 2012 Vol 71 No 3 2012 Vol 71 No 4 2012 Vol 71 No 5 2012 Vol 71 No 6 2012 Vol 71 No 7 2012 Vol 71 No 8 2012 Vol 71 No 9 2012 Vol 71 No 10 2012 Vol 71 No 11 2012 Vol 72 No 1 2013 Vol 72 No 2 2013 Vol 72 No 3 2013 Vol 72 No 4 2013 Vol 72 No 5 2013 Vol 72 No 6 2013 Vol 72 No 7 2013 Vol 72 No 8 2013 Vol 72 No 9 2013 Vol 72 No 10 2013 Vol 72 No 11 2013 Vol 72 No 12 2013 Vol 73 No 1 2014 Vol 73 No 2 2014 Vol 73 No 3 2014 Vol 73 No 4 2014 Vol 73 No 5 2014 Vol 73 No 6 2014 Vol 73 No 7 2014 Vol 73 No 8 2014 Vol 73 No 9 2014 Vol 73 No 10 2014 Vol 73 No 11 2014 Vol 73 No 12 2014 Vol 74 No 1 2015 Vol 74 No 2 2015 Vol 74 No 3 2015 Vol 74 No 4 2015 Vol 74 No 5 2015 Vol 74 No 6 2015 Vol 74 No 7 2015 Vol 74 No 8 2015 Vol 74 No 9 2015 Vol 74 No 10 2015 Vol 74 No 11 2015 Vol 74 No 12 2015 Vol 75 No 1 2016 Vol 75 No 2 2016 Vol 75 No 3 2016 Vol 75 No 4 2016 Vol 75 No 5 2016 Vol 75 No 7 2016 Vol 75 No 8 2016 Vol 75 No 9 2016 Vol 75 No 11 2016 Vol 75 No 12 2016 Vol 76 No 1 2017 Vol 76 No 2 2016 Vol 76 No 3 2017 Vol 76 No 4 2017 Vol 76 No 5 2017 Vol 76 No 6 2017 Vol 76 No 7 2017 Vol 76 No 8 2017 Vol 76 No 9 2017 Vol 76 No 10 2017 Vol 76 No 11 2017 Vol 76 No 12 2017 Vol 77 No 1 2018 Vol 77 No 2 2018 Vol 77 No 3 2018 Vol 77 No 4 2018 Vol 77 No 5 2018 Vol 77 No 6 2018 Vol 77 No 7 2018 Vol 77 No 8 2018 Vol 77 No 9 2018 Vol 77 No 10 2018 Vol 77 No 11 2018 Vol 77 No 12 2018 Vol 78 No 1 2019 Vol 78 No 2 2019 Vol 78 No 3 2019 Vol 78 No 4 2019 Vol 78 No 5 2019 Vol 78 No 6 2019 Vol 78 No 7 2019 Vol 78 No 8 2019 Vol 78 No 9 2019 Vol 78 No 10 2019 Vol 78 No 11 2019 Vol 78 No 12 2019 Vol 79 No 1 2020 Vol 79 No 2 2020 Vol 79 No 3 2020 Vol 79 No 4 2020 Vol 79 No 5 2020 Vol 79 No 6 2020 Vol 79 No 7 2020 Vol 79 No 8 2020 Vol 79 No 9 2020 Vol 79 No 10 2020 Vol 79 No 11 2020 Vol 79 No 12 2020 Vol 80 No 1 2021 Vol 80 No 2 2021 Vol 80 No 3 2021 Vol 80 No 4 2021 Vol 80 No 5 2021 Vol 80 No 6 2021 Vol 80 No 7 2021 Vol 80 No 8 2021 Vol 80 No 9 2021 Vol 80 No 10 2021 Vol 80 No 11 2021 Vol 80 No 12 2021 Vol 81 No 1 2022 Vol 81 No 2 2022 Vol 81 No 3 2022 Vol 81 No 4 2022 Vol 81 No 5 2022 Vol 81 No 6 2022 Vol 81 No 7 2022 Vol 81 No 8 2022 Vol 81 No 9 2022 Vol 81 No 10 2022 Vol 81 No 11 2022 Vol 81 No 12 2022 Vol 82 No 1 2023 Vol 82 No 2 2023 Vol 82 No 3 2023 Vol 82 No 4 2023 Vol 82 No 5 2023 Vol 82 No 6 2023 Vol 82 No 7 2023 Vol 82 No 8 2023 Vol 82 No 9 2023 Vol 82 No 10 2023 Vol 82 No 11 2023 Vol 82 No 12 2023 Vol 83 No 1 2024 Vol 83 No 2 2024 Vol 83 No 3 2024 Vol 83 No 4 2024

View All Authors »

View All Article Tags »

View All Rubric »

View All Issues »

Robinson Crusoe’s Spiritual Journey

Robison Crusoe  was written by Daniel Defoe in 1719. It tells the story of the life of Robinson Crusoe, a man born to middle-life society. He forsook this way of life and sought to gain riches by becoming a sailor, exploring the seas by boat. He ended up shipwrecked on an island near the Mouth of the Oroonoque. The book follows not only his life on the island, but also the spiritual journey that brought him out of his rebellious life, toward a life focused on God and the glorifying of his name.

In his early life, Robinson Crusoe’s spiritual life was pretty much nonexistent. He refused to listen to his parents or the guidance repeatedly given to him by his father. His father quoted passages like Proverbs 30:8, “Remove far from me vanity and lies: give me neither poverty nor riches.” Crusoe turned from his father. He set off into the world with his own agenda, working to gain earthly wealth and glory. He ended up going on different voyages, each teaching him something about sailing and the sea. However, his travels were often met with storms and struggles. Crusoe would say that he had realized his wrong and then promised to turn from them, but when all was said and done he would turn again to the sinful life of seeking his earthly lusts.

When Crusoe was first stranded on the island, he saw it as the worst punishment ever given. Nothing worse had happened to anyone in the whole world. His life was about to end right there on the beach where he lay. He didn’t think about that fact that he was alive; saved from the fate of all others that had been on that ship. Instead, “After I got to Shore and had escap’d drowning, instead of being thankful to God for my Deliverance…I ran about the Shore, wringing my Hands and beating my Head and Face, exclaiming at my Misery, and crying out, I was undone, undone.” He had thought that he knew all there was to living, and without what he thought was necessary for living, he was “dead.”

The way Crusoe lived his life during the early days showed his lack of spiritual life. His journal entries portrayed his feelings. His first journal entry read, “I poor miserable Robinson Crusoe, being shipwreck’d, during a dreadful Storm, in the offing, came on Shore on this dismal unfortunate Island, which I call’d the Island of Despair,… and myself almost dead.” He was a defeatist; having been separated from all things he knew and trusted. These things were of this earth; they had no lasting gain in which he could place his trust. Crusoe had an outward spiritual life. When put on the island where no one could see him, his spirituality faded fast. He began to neglect the Sabbath, seeing them as days like any other. He didn’t see the importance of these days in which we are to set aside our earthly labors. We also see the weakness of Crusoe’s spiritual life when he encounters the “miracle” of the growing of barley. When this growth of barley appeared to be a miracle, he cried and gave thanks to God. However, when he found a rational explanation, he again began to deny the Providence of God.

However, God used this trial of Crusoe to strengthen his spiritual life and faith. Crusoe begins to doubt the way he lives his life when he is suffering from an ague. He feels as though he is about to die, and then in the midst of his fevers he has a dream. He is told that since he has not been brought to repentance he will die. He begins to realize his sin and his need to be delivered from these sins. Through his own reflections, Crusoe views the way he lives his live, “I do not remember that I had in all that Time (while forsaking his father) one Thought that so much as tended either to looking upwards toward God, or inwards Soul, without Desire of Good, or Conscience of Evil, had entirely overwhelm’d me, and I was all that the more hardened, unthinking, wicked Creature among our common Sailors, can be supposed to be, not having the least Sense, either of the Fear of God in Danger, or of Thankfulness to God in Deliverances.”

Crusoe realized that he had lived in all disregard to the will of God. He realized that he was living a life of sin. When he was delivered fully from his sickness, Crusoe fell on his knees and gave thanks to God. “God had deliver’d me, but I had not glorify’d him.” This is the thought that had crossed Crusoe’s mind. He began to put God first in his life. The very next day he took his Bible and began to seriously read and search the Scriptures. Crusoe’s life became centered on his faith. He would study Scriptures for hours, and continually gave God thanks.

His newly strengthened faith changed how Crusoe viewed his life on the island. Crusoe no longer viewed the island as the worst thing that could ever have happened to him. Instead he took time to be thankful for all that he did have. He spent the day that marked his coming to the island in prayer. He spent the whole day acknowledging the mercies God had bestowed upon him. He looked at passages like Joshua 1:5, “…I will not fail thee, nor forsake thee.” He realized that God was in control of all, and that God worked everything for his good. He accepted the fact that God would deliver him if it was His will. He found comfort in Psalm 50:15, “And call on me in the day of trouble: I will deliver thee, and thou shalt glorify me.” He realized that his deliverance would come from God alone, and no other. Only through the strength of God could he be delivered.

Crusoe realized that he was happier here on this deserted island than he had been during his whole life. He wrote in his journal, “It was now that I began sensibly to feel how much more happy this Life I now led was, with all its miserable Circumstances, than the wicked, cursed, abominable Life I led all the Past of my Days….” Crusoe accepted the fact that he was under the will of God. He no longer sat around and longed for rescue, but he began to build a home on the island. He began to use what God had given him with thankfulness to glorify the name of God.

It is easy for us to sit here, in our nice heated homes where we know we will always have the next meal, and criticize Crusoe and the way he lived his life. We can easily say that if we were put in the same position as him that we would surely never turn from God, but that we would be thankful for all we were given and would realize the providence of God. However, we must use this story, not to judge others, but to look at ourselves.

In our lives, it is doubtful that many of us will be put into the same position as Crusoe. However, we are all put onto our own individual “islands.” Some islands are more desolate and deserted than others, but each is given by God. An “island” I was put on was the start of Trinity. When I first heard I was going to a new high school, I couldn’t believe it. There was no building, no sports, and barely any people. I looked at all the earthly things that I was losing, instead of being thankful for getting the chance to grow in a true Christian school. When I got to Trinity, I saw that I had been wrong. I had been feeling sorry for myself, when I should have been thankful and joyful. Going to Trinity everyday reminds me that the things of this earth are only temporary things in which we can place none of our trust. Instead, we must turn towards God to supply us with everything necessary. Every struggle we face in this life time causes us to grow spiritually. They bring us closer to God, strengthening our faith. We must be giving thanks to God for these trials, knowing that they are for our good, and are preparing us for when we will be brought to our heavenly Father

SEARCH WITHIN THESE RESULTS:

Article Tags

In this issue.

• Women in the Book of Proverbs Rubric: Unknown
• What’s Wrong With Drama? Rubric: Current Events and Issues
• We’re Studying Jonah at Hudsonville Rubric: Letters
• We’re Studying Job at Hope (Redlands) Rubric: Letters
• Watching Daily At My Gates Rubric: Devotional
• Video Game Violence (2) Rubric: From the Pastor's Study
• The World Rubric: Poetry
• Text Message From Our Covenant Friend Rubric: Editorial
• Our Children’s Education – A Covenant Necessity (2) Rubric: Church Family
• Letter From the Fed Board Rubric: Our Young People's Federation
• Introducing a Series – Fearfully and Wonderfully Made Rubric: Fearfully and Wonderfully Made
• Gottschalk – Lone Voice in the Night (7) Rubric: Little Lights

Journey of Robinson Crusoe

Escape from slavery, shipwrecked.

Discovers Natives

Saves friday.

Attacks Natives/Rescues Captives

Crusoe discovers english ship.