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• ocean travel

noun as in navigation

Strongest matches

• exploration

Strong matches

• aeronautics
• captainship

Weak matches

• helmsmanship
• plotting a course

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Example sentences.

He wondered idly now whether the man who stood with him, the name was Bentwick, would ever enjoy ocean travel again.

They reduced the risk of ocean travel in that way, by reducing the time, and logically the fastest ship was the safest.

Who are the maidens that o'er the ocean travel, wise of spirit, journey?

Few of the wondrous changes which the Age of Miracles has wrought in my day and generation exceeded those of ocean travel.

Of course it was the thought of their first leaving the steamer after nine days of ocean travel.

Related Words

Words related to ocean travel are not direct synonyms, but are associated with the word ocean travel . Browse related words to learn more about word associations.

noun as in traveling, guiding along route, often over water

On this page you'll find 23 synonyms, antonyms, and words related to ocean travel, such as: boating, exploration, shipping, aeronautics, captaincy, and captainship.

From Roget's 21st Century Thesaurus, Third Edition Copyright © 2013 by the Philip Lief Group.

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Synonyms and antonyms of sea in English

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of or relating to birds

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Nautical Terms and Phrases: Exploring the Language of the Sea

by Emma Sullivan | Jul 24, 2023 | Sailboat Racing

Short answer nautical terms and phrases:

Nautical terms and phrases refer to vocabulary specific to the maritime industry. Common examples include “starboard” (the right side of a ship), “port” (the left side), and “ahoy” (a traditional greeting). These terms are essential for effective communication and navigation at sea.

What are Nautical Terms and Phrases? A Comprehensive Guide

Title: Unlocking the Seas: Your Comprehensive Guide to Nautical Terms and Phrases

Introduction:

Ahoy, landlubbers! Have you ever found yourself adrift in a sea of confusion when hearing nautical terms and phrases? Fear not, for we are here to navigate you through these linguistic waters. Whether you’re an aspiring sailor or simply curious about the maritime world, this comprehensive guide will shed light on the fascinating lexicon that sailors have woven into their conversations. So grab your life jacket and prepare to set sail as we explore the depths of nautical jargon!

1. Anchors aweigh:

Let’s start with a classic phrase that might evoke images of seafaring adventures. “Anchors aweigh!” is a term used to signal that an anchor is clear off the bottom and the ship is ready to sail. The expression conjures up feelings of freedom and anticipation, symbolizing the beginning of a new voyage.

2. Starboard vs. Port:

When aboard any watercraft, it’s crucial to understand the distinction between starboard and port – two essential directions at sea. Stand at the rear (stern) facing forward, and you’ll find starboard on your right and port on your left. A clever mnemonic device often used by sailors is to remember that both “port” and “left” contain four letters.

3. Davy Jones’ Locker:

Be prepared for some folklore! Davy Jones’ Locker refers to the mythical place where drowned sailors meet their watery demise—a metaphorical graveyard beneath the ocean waves. Sailors usually employ this phrase jokingly when referring to someone who goes overboard or loses something irretrievably in the water.

4. Batten down the hatches:

If you ever hear someone yell “Batten down the hatches!” it means it’s time to secure everything before encountering rough seas or stormy weather conditions. The command originates from the need to fasten down the protective coverings over hatches to prevent water from entering below deck, ensuring safety and preventing damage.

A sailor’s measurement of speed, knots refer to nautical miles per hour. It traces its roots to traditional navigation methods that involved counting the number of knots in a rope thrown overboard while measuring time—undoubtedly an ingenious way to determine speed in the absence of modern instruments!

6. Fathoms deep:

To truly fathom something is to understand it deeply, but this phrase actually refers to measuring depth below the surface of the water in fathoms—a unit equivalent to six feet. Derived from an Old English word meaning “to embrace,” this term beautifully encapsulates the mystery and vastness of the ocean depths.

7. Avast ye!

As you wander through maritime literature or pirate tales, you’ll often come across this classic pirate expression: “Avast ye!” It acts as a command for immediate attention, similar to saying “Stop!” or “Halt!” Today, it has evolved into mainstream pop culture as a quintessential phrase associated with pirates’ mischievous calls.

Conclusion:

Congratulations, mateys! You’ve now embarked on a journey through nautical terms and phrases that will undoubtedly enrich your understanding of all things maritime. From anchors aweigh to Davy Jones’ Locker, starboard to port, each phrase adds a touch of history, wit, and cleverness that helps sailors navigate not just through open waters but also through their language.

So next time you’re enjoying some salty tales or venturing seaside yourself, be prepared for these charming expressions that only further deepen our love and fascination for all things nautical. Now go forth armed with knowledge like never before – may fair winds fill your sails!

How to Navigate the Seas of Language: Understanding Nautical Terms and Phrases

Title: How to Navigate the Seas of Language: Proficiently Understanding Nautical Terminology and Phrases

Introduction: Embarking on an oceanic voyage of language can be an intimidating task, especially when confronted with the vast array of nautical terms and phrases that paint a vivid picture of seafaring life. Whether you’re engaging in maritime literature, conversing with sailors or simply exploring your own curiosity, it is essential to chart a course towards mastering nautical terminology. This comprehensive guide will skillfully steer you through these linguistic seas, equipping you with the knowledge to confidently converse in this distinctly maritime vernacular.

1. Anchoring Your Knowledge: To truly navigate the depths of nautical terminology, one must first grasp common foundational terms used by seafarers. “Anchoring” yourself in these basics will provide a solid groundwork upon which to build your understanding of more elaborate terms. From “bow” to “stern,” “port” to “starboard” – learning these primary directional references is akin to unlocking a secret code that mariners have used for centuries.

2. Knot Your Average Linguistic Contender: While “knots” may evoke thoughts of tangled threads or secure fastenings, maritime enthusiasts know that in this world they represent both distance and speed measurement units—a real brain twister! Dive into understanding how knots calculate velocity at sea, unraveling the enigma behind conversations peppered with phrases like “eight knots ahead.”

3. Weathering Through Weather Talk: Navigating through ship lingo isn’t only about calling out port from starboard; it’s also vital to fathom the meteorological side of things. Seamen possess intricate language surrounding weather patterns, including being able to decipher terms such as “squalls,” “gales,” and “fair winds.” By incorporating this weather talk into your nautical vocabulary arsenal, you’ll effortlessly join in discussions on ever-changing atmospheric conditions.

4. Charting a Course with Charted Words: Imagine yourself poised at the helm of your linguistic ship, steering confidently through the complexities of cartography with the knowledge of charted words. By understanding maritime charts and their accompanying terms, like “latitude,” “longitude,” and “bearing,” you’ll be able to navigate imaginary waters with ease and converse fluently about nautical navigation systems.

5. Tales Afloat: Maritime Idioms Explored: Beyond the essential terminology lies a treasure trove of nautical idioms that encapsulate unique experiences on sea life. From phrases like “batten down the hatches” to “smooth sailing,” these cleverly woven expressions reveal fascinating snippets of seafaring history and culture. Unraveling these maritime idioms will enable you to effortlessly conjure captivating anecdotes in your conversations or writing, turning heads in admiration for your wit and mastery.

Conclusion: Navigating through nautical language is akin to voyaging uncharted seas—a blend of adventure, exploration, and intellectual growth. By understanding foundational terms, delving into weather talk, exploring navigational concepts, and unraveling maritime idioms, you’ll acquire the skills needed to harmonize with salty seafarers’ vocabulary. With diligence and practice, one can master this art form while discovering an entirely new world brimming with stimulating linguistic treasures. So hoist the anchor of your curiosity; it’s time to navigate these captivating seas!

Unlocking the Mysteries: Exploring Nautical Terms and Phrases Step by Step

Title: Unlocking the Mysteries: Exploring Nautical Terms and Phrases Step by Step

Introduction: Ahoy there, landlubbers! Prepare to embark on an exhilarating journey through the vast ocean of nautical terms and phrases that have sailed their way into our everyday language. Whether you’re a seasoned sailor or a curious enthusiast, join us as we unravel the secrets behind these maritime mysteries, step by step.

1. Avast! Anchoring the Basics: Let’s start by dropping anchor in the vast expanse of nautical terminology. Just like ships rely on anchors to find stability amidst stormy seas, understanding basic nautical terms will ground you firmly in this fascinating realm. We’ll cover essential vocabulary like port (left), starboard (right), bow (front), stern (back), and other terms that form the foundation of seafaring communication.

2. Riding the Waves of Maritime Slang: As we continue our exploration, it’s essential to become acquainted with some salty maritime slang. Sailors developed a unique language to communicate efficiently onboard – a secret code that has found its way into our everyday conversations. From phrases like “son of a gun” to “scuttlebutt,” we’ll decode these linguistic treasures, revealing their intriguing origins and surprising meanings.

3. The Sailor’s Alphabet: A-Z Guide of Naval Expressions: Arrr! Shiver me timbers! Let’s set sail alphabetically through an enchanting world of naval expressions and idioms. From “batten down the hatches” to “knowing the ropes,” each letter unlocks another treasure trove of intriguing phrases associated with life at sea. With wit and humor as our first mates, we’ll delve deep into these linguistic curiosities while painting vivid pictures in your mind.

4. Knot Your Average Vocabulary Lesson: Mastering knots is not only crucial for sailors but also provides an excellent metaphor for overcoming challenges in life. So, batten down your hatches and join us as we learn the ropes behind essential knots such as the bowline, reef knot, and clove hitch. Along the way, we’ll weave tales of their historic significance and explain how to tie them yourself – a valuable skill for anyone brave enough to venture into unknown waters.

5. Hoist the Sails: Phrases that Set You Afloat: As we set our course toward linguistic exploration on these uncharted waters, it’s time to hoist the sails with phrases that evoke a sense of adventurous spirit. From “full steam ahead” to “smooth sailing,” we’ll unpick their nautical origins while inspiring you to embrace life’s uncertainties with a sailor’s tenacity and grit.

6. Beyond Seafaring: Nautical Terms Across Industries: Did you know that nautical terms are not confined to maritime environments alone? These salty expressions have permeated various industries over time, ranging from sports to business and even politics! We’ll dive deep into arenas like baseball (“three sheets to the wind”), entrepreneurship (“going off the deep end”), and diplomacy (“between Scylla and Charybdis”).

7. The Sea Is Calling: A Glossary for Aspiring Mariners: For those aspiring mariners yearning to sail beyond dry land, fear not! We’ve curated a comprehensive glossary encompassing both technical jargon and colloquialisms, ensuring you navigate any sea captains’ conversation or maritime literature with ease.

Conclusion: Better equipped with an arsenal of nautical knowledge, let us bid farewell for now but remember, understanding maritime terminology is not mere child’s play; it is an admiration for seafarers’ rich culture throughout history. Feel confident in dissecting phrases hailing from ships of yore as they resurface within our modern lexicon – an homage paid forward by enthusiastic explorers like yourselves. So set sail on your own linguistic voyage, armed with wit, cleverness, and a newfound appreciation for the mysteries unlocked.

Frequently Asked Questions about Nautical Terms and Phrases: All You Need to Know

Welcome aboard, shipmates! Are you ready to set sail on an exciting journey through the fascinating world of nautical terms and phrases? We’ve heard your questions and are here to provide you with all the answers you need. So hoist the anchor, grab a cup of grog, and prepare to have your curiosity satisfied.

1. What are nautical terms?

Ahoy there! Nautical terms refer to the specific language used by sailors and seafarers to communicate effectively onboard a ship or boat. Sailors have developed a unique vocabulary over centuries, filled with colorful expressions that paint vivid pictures of life at sea. From port and starboard to bowsprit and quarterdeck, these terms create a distinct maritime lexicon.

2. Why do sailors use unique terminology?

Avast ye! The reason for this specialized language lies in its practicality and clarity on board. When out at sea, there’s no room for misunderstandings or confusion between crew members. Using universal nautical terms ensures smooth communication even in challenging conditions like storms or foggy weather.

3. What are some commonly used nautical phrases?

Shiver me timbers! There’s a whole treasure trove of popular nautical phrases that have found their way into everyday English conversations. “Above board,” meaning fair and honest, originates from the practice of having goods displayed openly on deck instead of hidden below decks illegally.

Ever heard someone say it’s time to “batten down the hatches”? Well, this phrase comes from securing everything tightly when bad weather approaches – ensuring no water enters through open hatches.

4. Can you explain some technical nautical terms?

Certainly! Let us navigate through some intriguing technical jargon:

– Bow: The forward part of a vessel. – Stern: The rearmost part of a vessel. – Keel: A central beam running along the bottom structure of a ship that provides stability. – Rigging: The system of ropes, wires, and chains used to control and support the sails and masts. – Bilge: The bottom part of a ship’s hull where water accumulates.

5. Are there any superstitions associated with nautical terms?

Avast, ye scurvy landlubber! Sailors are notorious for being superstitious. For example, sailors believed that renaming a ship would bring bad luck, so they avoided doing so. “Touching wood” or “knocking on wood” – a common phrase today – actually finds its roots in the maritime practice of tapping the wooden structure for good luck.

6. How can I learn more about nautical terms?

Shiver me timbers! If you’re yearning to be immersed in all things nautical, fear not. There are many ways to delve deeper into this captivating subject. You can explore maritime literature, read firsthand accounts of legendary voyages like “Moby-Dick,” or even take sailing courses where you’ll encounter these terms while hoisting sails yourself.

So there you have it, landlubbers! We hope we’ve shed some light on your most burning questions about nautical terms and phrases. Now go forth and impress your friends with your newfound seafaring knowledge. Anchors aweigh!

Sailing into Conversation: Mastering Essential Nautical Terms and Phrases

Have you ever found yourself on a boat, surrounded by seasoned sailors, only to feel lost and out of place due to your lack of nautical knowledge? If so, fear not! In this blog post, we will guide you through the vast sea of essential nautical terms and phrases, arming you with the ability to navigate any maritime conversation like a true seafaring professional.

Navigating the world of sailing can often feel like learning a foreign language. From understanding different parts of a vessel to deciphering specific maneuvers and commands, there is a whole lexicon unique to sailors. But fret not; we are here to help demystify this intricate vernacular for you!

Let’s start with some basic terms that every aspiring sailor should know:

1. Port and Starboard: When facing the front (or bow) of the boat, port refers to the left-hand side while starboard refers to the right-hand side. Remember that port and left both have four letters!

2. Bow and Stern: The bow is the front part of the boat, whereas the stern is its rear end.

3. Deck: The flat surface area on which you stand while aboard a boat.

4. Mast: The tall vertical spar or pole rising from the deck that supports sails or other fittings.

5. Helm: Referring either to the wheel (or tiller) used for steering or the entire steering mechanism itself.

Now that we have acquainted ourselves with these fundamental terms let’s dive deeper into more specialized nautical vocabulary:

1. Jibbing or Gybing: This maneuver involves turning a sailboat downwind so that wind crosses over from one side of the stern (back) to another. Essentially, it means changing direction while allowing for better control over airflow in your sails.

2. Tacking: Similar to jibbing, tacking is a technique used to change the direction of the sailboat when sailing against the wind. It involves turning the bow through the wind, allowing the boat to catch wind on its other side.

3. Keel: The keel refers to a longitudinal structure or fin located underneath a boat that helps stabilize and prevent it from tipping over.

4. Halyard: A halyard is a line or rope used for hoisting (raising) sails.

5. Boom: The horizontal pole attached to, and extending aft from, a mast that supports the foot of a sail.

Now equipped with these essential nautical terms, you will have no trouble participating in conversations with experienced sailors. However, why stop there? Let’s discover some witty and clever phrases sailors use:

1. “A smooth sea never made a skilled sailor.” — This phrase by Franklin D. Roosevelt highlights how challenges at sea play an integral role in developing one’s sailing expertise.

2. “There are only two types of ships – submarines and targets.” — This humorous phrase alludes to naval warfare while also implying that being on any vessel implies some level of risk!

3. “I’m not afraid of storms, for I am learning how to sail my ship.” — From Louisa May Alcottin’s words we find inspiration and empowerment; facing adversity head-on can lead us to new horizons.

4. “Land was created to provide a place for boats to visit.” — A playful statement suggesting that true sailors find their bliss not on land but at sea!

So whether you’re just starting your nautical journey or are looking to enhance your understanding of maritime language, mastering these essential nautical terms and phrases will undoubtedly make you feel like an accomplished sailor among your seafaring peers. Embrace this unique lexicon and set sail confidently into every future conversation!

From Sea Shanties to Sailor Talk: The Fascinating World of Nautical Terms and Phrases

Ahoy, landlubbers! Set sail with us on a linguistic journey into the captivating world of nautical terms and phrases. From sea shanties to sailor talk, the oceans have birthed a rich lexicon that still echoes through maritime history today.

Let’s start our voyage by delving into the origins of sea shanties – those rhythmic songs that sailors would harmonize while toiling away on their ships. Over centuries, these seafaring melodies evolved as a means to synchronize tasks like hoisting sails or raising anchor. Whether it was a lively chantey or a mournful ballad, sea shanties provided both entertainment and efficiency for the hardworking mariners.

Just as sea shanties filled the air with melody, sailor talk filled conversations onboard ships. Nautical slang became an intricate language of its own, allowing sailors to communicate efficiently amidst the chaos of life at sea. Picture this: you overhear sailors discussing “handing someone their hat” – don’t worry; they’re not about to engage in fisticuffs. In sailor talk, “handing someone their hat” simply means passing them a tasty meal!

But let’s not get lost in the intricacies of sailor jargon without exploring some fascinating nautical terms that have found their way into common usage. Have you ever heard someone say they are “pooped”? Fear not; they haven’t had an unfortunate bathroom incident but rather experienced waves crashing over the stern of their vessel during rough seas. A less ominous term is “skipper,” commonly used as an affectionate nickname for boat captains or even our friends taking charge in various situations onshore.

Now imagine yourself aboard ship in centuries past when navigation relied heavily on celestial observation — introducing navigational terms that have stood the test of time. Sailors who could expertly read constellations were dubbed “astrologers.” But don’t confuse them with modern-day horoscope readers—their skills revolved around guiding ships safely across treacherous seas using the stars above.

Speaking of treacherous seas, it’s only fitting to uncover some phrases that originated from dramatic naval battles and maritime superstitions. Have you ever heard someone suggest “batten down the hatches”? This phrase stems from battening down the wooden hatches on a ship’s deck before a storm, ensuring everything stays safe and secure below. A wise precaution indeed when it comes to bracing for challenging times in any situation!

As we reach the shores of our linguistic exploration, let’s not forget how these nautical terms and phrases continue to make their mark today. They inspire catchy slogans like “smooth sailing” or serve as metaphors in everyday conversation. We may find ourselves “riding the waves,” seeking calm during turbulent times or cheering on loved ones as they navigate life’s choppy waters.

So, my fellow adventurers, never underestimate the power of words that have weathered countless voyages across vast oceans. From sea shanties to sailor talk, nautical terms and phrases offer us windows into an age-old world where saltwater legends come alive through language.

Now weigh anchor and set sail, armed with this newfound knowledge! Bon voyage!

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SEA JOURNEY Crossword clue

Crossword answers for sea journey, top answers for: sea journey, top answer for sea journey crossword clue from newspapers, sea journey crossword puzzle solutions.

We have 1 solution for the frequently searched for crossword lexicon term SEA JOURNEY. Our best crossword lexicon answer is: VOYAGE.

For the puzzel question SEA JOURNEY we have solutions for the following word lenghts 6.

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What is the best solution to the riddle sea journey.

Solution VOYAGE is 6 letters long. So far we haven´t got a solution of the same word length.

How many solutions do we have for the crossword puzzle SEA JOURNEY?

We have 1 solutions to the crossword puzzle SEA JOURNEY. The longest solution is VOYAGE with 6 letters and the shortest solution is VOYAGE with 6 letters.

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With help from our search you can look for words of a certain length. Our intelligent search sorts between the most frequent solutions and the most searched for questions. You can completely free of charge search through several million solutions to hundreds of thousands of crossword puzzle questions.

How many letters long are the solutions for SEA JOURNEY?

The length of the solution word is 6 letters. Most of the solutions have 6 letters. In total we have solutions for 1 word lengths.

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Example sentences sea journey

About 2,000 people are still attempting the sea journey each day.

This was its most ambitious journey so far, taking its participants over a three-week sea journey to the very front line of climate change.

No sea journey would be safe without this astronomically expensive outfit.

There was no airstrip, so it was a 12-day sea journey .

That would have reduced the sea journey to as little as 600 miles.

Definition of 'journey' journey

Definition of 'sea' sea

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The Crackdown on Student Protesters

Columbia university is at the center of a growing showdown over the war in gaza and the limits of free speech..

This transcript was created using speech recognition software. While it has been reviewed by human transcribers, it may contain errors. Please review the episode audio before quoting from this transcript and email [email protected] with any questions.

[TRAIN SCREECHING]

Well, you can hear the helicopter circling. This is Asthaa Chaturvedi. I’m a producer with “The Daily.” Just walked out of the 116 Street Station. It’s the main station for Columbia’s Morningside Heights campus. And it’s day seven of the Gaza solidarity encampment, where a hundred students were arrested last Thursday.

So on one side of Broadway, you see camera crews. You see NYPD officers all lined up. There’s barricades, steel barricades, caution tape. This is normally a completely open campus. And I’m able to — all members of the public, you’re able to walk through.

[NON-ENGLISH SPEECH]

Looks like international media is here.

Have your IDs out. Have your IDs out.

Students lining up to swipe in to get access to the University. ID required for entry.

Swipe your ID, please.

Hi, how are you, officer? We’re journalists with “The New York Times.”

You’re not going to get in, all right? I’m sorry.

Hi. Can I help please?

Yeah, it’s total lockdown here at Columbia.

Please have your IDs out ready to swipe.

From “The New York Times,” I’m Michael Barbaro. This is “The Daily.” Today, the story of how Columbia University has become the epicenter of a growing showdown between student protesters, college administrators, and Congress over the war in Gaza and the limits of free speech. I spoke with my colleague, Nick Fandos.

[UPBEAT MUSIC]

It’s Thursday, April 25.

Nick, if we rewind the clock a few months, we end up at a moment where students at several of the country’s best known universities are protesting Israel’s response to the October 7 attacks, its approach to a war in Gaza. At times, those protests are happening peacefully, at times with rhetoric that is inflammatory. And the result is that the leaders of those universities land before Congress. But the president of Columbia University, which is the subject we’re going to be talking about today, is not one of the leaders who shows up for that testimony.

That’s right. So the House Education Committee has been watching all these protests on campus. And the Republican Chairwoman decides, I’m going to open an investigation, look at how these administrations are handling it, because it doesn’t look good from where I sit. And the House last winter invites the leaders of several of these elite schools, Harvard, Penn, MIT, and Columbia, to come and testify in Washington on Capitol Hill before Congress.

Now, the President of Columbia has what turns out to be a very well-timed, pre-planned trip to go overseas and speak at an international climate conference. So Minouche Shafik isn’t going to be there. So instead, the presidents of Harvard, and Penn, and MIT show up. And it turned out to be a disaster for these universities.

They were asked very pointed questions about the kind of speech taking place on their campuses, and they gave really convoluted academic answers back that just baffled the committee. But there was one question that really embodied the kind of disconnect between the Committee — And it wasn’t just Republicans, Republicans and Democrats on the Committee — and these college presidents. And that’s when they were asked a hypothetical.

Does calling for the genocide of Jews violate Penn’s rules or code of conduct? Yes or no?

If the speech turns into conduct, it can be harassment.

And two of the presidents, Claudine Gay of Harvard and Elizabeth Magill of the University of Pennsylvania, they’re unwilling to say in this really kind of intense back and forth that this speech would constitute a violation of their rules.

It can be, depending on the context.

What’s the context?

Targeted at an individual. Is it pervasive?

It’s targeted at Jewish students, Jewish individuals. Do you understand your testimony is dehumanizing them?

And it sets off a firestorm.

It does not depend on the context. The answer is yes. And this is why you should resign. These are unacceptable answers across the board.

Members of Congress start calling for their resignations. Alumni are really, really ticked off. Trustees of the University start to wonder, I don’t know that these leaders really have got this under control. And eventually, both of them lose their jobs in a really high profile way.

Right. And as you’ve hinted at, for somewhat peculiar scheduling reasons, Columbia’s President escapes this disaster of a hearing in what has to be regarded as the best timing in the history of the American Academy.

Yeah, exactly. And Columbia is watching all this play out. And I think their first response was relief that she was not in that chair, but also a recognition that, sooner or later, their turn was going to come back around and they were going to have to sit before Congress.

Why were they so certain that they would probably end up before Congress and that this wasn’t a case of completely dodging a bullet?

Well, they remain under investigation by the committee. But also, as the winter wears on, all the same intense protests just continue unabated. So in many ways, Columbia’s like these other campuses. But in some ways, it’s even more intense. This is a university that has both one of the largest Jewish student populations of any of its peers. But it also has a large Arab and Muslim student population, a big Middle Eastern studies program. It has a dual degree program in Tel Aviv.

And it’s a university on top of all that that has a real history of activism dating back to the 1960s. So when students are recruited or choose to come to Columbia, they’re actively opting into a campus that prides itself on being an activist community. It’s in the middle of New York City. It’s a global place. They consider the city and the world, really, like a classroom to Columbia.

In other words, if any campus was going to be a hotbed of protest and debate over this conflict, it was going to be Columbia University.

Exactly. And when this spring rolls around, the stars finally align. And the same congressional committee issues another invitation to Minouche Shafik, Columbia’s President, to come and testify. And this time, she has no excuse to say no.

But presumably, she is well aware of exactly what testifying before this committee entails and is highly prepared.

Columbia knew this moment was coming. They spent months preparing for this hearing. They brought in outside consultants, crisis communicators, experts on anti-Semitism. The weekend before the hearing, she actually travels down to Washington to hole up in a war room, where she starts preparing her testimony with mock questioners and testy exchanges to prep her for this. And she’s very clear on what she wants to try to do.

Where her counterparts had gone before the committee a few months before and looked aloof, she wanted to project humility and competence, to say, I know that there’s an issue on my campus right now with some of these protests veering off into anti-Semitic incidents. But I’m getting that under control. I’m taking steps in good faith to make sure that we restore order to this campus, while allowing people to express themselves freely as well.

So then the day of her actual testimony arrives. And just walk us through how it goes.

The Committee on Education and Workforce will come to order. I note that —

So Wednesday morning rolls around. And President Shafik sits at the witness stand with two of her trustees and the head of Columbia’s new anti-Semitism task force.

Columbia stands guilty of gross negligence at best and at worst has become a platform for those supporting terrorism and violence against the Jewish people.

And right off the bat, they’re put through a pretty humbling litany of some of the worst hits of what’s been happening on campus.

For example, just four days after the harrowing October 7 attack, a former Columbia undergraduate beat an Israeli student with a stick.

The Republican Chairwoman of the Committee, Virginia Foxx, starts reminding her that there was a student who was actually hit with a stick on campus. There was another gathering more recently glorifying Hamas and other terrorist organizations, and the kind of chants that have become an everyday chorus on campus, which many Jewish students see as threatening. But when the questioning starts, President Shafik is ready. One of the first ones she gets is the one that tripped up her colleagues.

Does calling for the genocide of Jews violate Columbia’s code of conduct, Mr. Greenwald?

And she answers unequivocally.

Dr. Shafik?

Yes, it does.

And, Professor —

That would be a violation of Columbia’s rules. They would be punished.

As President of Columbia, what is it like when you hear chants like, by any means necessary or Intifada Revolution?

I find those chants incredibly distressing. And I wish profoundly that people would not use them on our campus.

And in some of the most interesting exchanges of the hearing, President Shafik actually opens Columbia’s disciplinary books.

We have already suspended 15 students from Columbia. We have six on disciplinary probation. These are more disciplinary actions that have been taken probably in the last decade at Columbia. And —

She talks about the number of students that have been suspended, but also the number of faculty that she’s had removed from the classroom that are being investigated for comments that either violate some of Columbia’s rules or make students uncomfortable. One case in particular really underscores this.

And that’s of a Middle Eastern studies professor named Joseph Massad. He wrote an essay not long after Hamas invaded Israel and killed 1,200 people, according to the Israeli government, where he described that attack with adjectives like awesome. Now, he said they’ve been misinterpreted, but a lot of people have taken offense to those comments.

Ms. Stefanik, you’re recognized for five minutes.

Thank you, Chairwoman. I want to follow up on my colleague, Rep Walberg’s question regarding Professor Joseph Massad. So let me be clear, President —

And so Representative Elise Stefanik, the same Republican who had tripped up Claudine Gay of Harvard and others in the last hearing, really starts digging in to President Shafik about these things at Columbia.

He is still Chair on the website. So has he been terminated as Chair?

Congresswoman, I —

And Shafik’s answers are maybe a little surprising.

— before getting back to you. I can confirm —

I know you confirmed that he was under investigation.

Yes, I can confirm that. But I —

Did you confirm he was still the Chair?

He says that Columbia is taking his case seriously. In fact, he’s under investigation right now.

Well, let me ask you this.

I need to check.

Will you make the commitment to remove him as Chair?

And when Stefanik presses her to commit to removing him from a campus leadership position —

I think that would be — I think — I would — yes. Let me come back with yes. But I think I — I just want to confirm his current status before I write —

We’ll take that as a yes, that you will confirm that he will no longer be chair.

Shafik seems to pause and think and then agree to it on the spot, almost like she is making administrative decisions with or in front of Congress.

Now, we did some reporting after the fact. And it turns out the Professor didn’t even realize he was under investigation. So he’s learning about this from the hearing too. So what this all adds up to, I think, is a performance so in line with what the lawmakers themselves wanted to hear, that at certain points, these Republicans didn’t quite know what to do with it. They were like the dog that caught the car.

Columbia beats Harvard and UPenn.

One of them, a Republican from Florida, I think at one point even marvelled, well, you beat Harvard and Penn.

Y’all all have done something that they weren’t able to do. You’ve been able to condemn anti-Semitism without using the phrase, it depends on the context. But the —

So Columbia’s president has passed this test before this committee.

Yeah, this big moment that tripped up her predecessors and cost them their jobs, it seems like she has cleared that hurdle and dispatched with the Congressional committee that could have been one of the biggest threats to her presidency.

Without objection, there being no further business, the committee stands adjourned. [BANGS GAVEL]

But back on campus, some of the students and faculty who had been watching the hearing came away with a very different set of conclusions. They saw a president who was so eager to please Republicans in Congress that she was willing to sell out some of the University’s students and faculty and trample on cherished ideas like academic freedom and freedom of expression that have been a bedrock of American higher education for a really long time.

And there was no clearer embodiment of that than what had happened that morning just as President Shafik was going to testify before Congress. A group of students before dawn set up tents in the middle of Columbia’s campus and declared themselves a pro-Palestinian encampment in open defiance of the very rules that Dr. Shafik had put in place to try and get these protests under control.

So these students in real-time are beginning to test some of the things that Columbia’s president has just said before Congress.

Exactly. And so instead of going to celebrate her successful appearance before Congress, Shafik walks out of the hearing room and gets in a black SUV to go right back to that war room, where she’s immediately confronted with a major dilemma. It basically boils down to this, she had just gone before Congress and told them, I’m going to get tough on these protests. And here they were. So either she gets tough and risks inflaming tension on campus or she holds back and does nothing and her words before Congress immediately look hollow.

And what does she decide?

So for the next 24 hours, she tries to negotiate off ramps. She consults with her Deans and the New York Police Department. And it all builds towards an incredibly consequential decision. And that is, for the first time in decades, to call the New York City Police Department onto campus in riot gear and break this thing up, suspend the students involved, and then arrest them.

To essentially eliminate this encampment.

Eliminate the encampment and send a message, this is not going to be tolerated. But in trying to quell the unrest, Shafik actually feeds it. She ends up leaving student protesters and the faculty who support them feeling betrayed and pushes a campus that was already on edge into a full blown crisis.

[SLOW TEMPO MUSIC]

After the break, what all of this has looked like to a student on Columbia’s campus. We’ll be right back.

[PHONE RINGS]

Is this Isabella?

Yes, this is she.

Hi, Isabella. It’s Michael Barbaro from “The Daily.”

Hi. Nice to meet you.

Earlier this week, we called Isabella Ramírez, the Editor in Chief of Columbia’s undergraduate newspaper, “The Columbia Daily Spectator,” which has been closely tracking both the protests and the University’s response to them since October 7.

So, I mean, in your mind, how do we get to this point? I wonder if you can just briefly describe the key moments that bring us to where we are right now.

Sure. Since October 7, there has certainly been constant escalation in terms of tension on campus. And there have been a variety of moves that I believe have distanced the student body, the faculty, from the University and its administration, specifically the suspension of Columbia’s chapters of Students for Justice in Palestine and Jewish Voice for Peace. And that became a huge moment in what was characterized as suppression of pro-Palestinian activism on campus, effectively rendering those groups, quote, unquote, unauthorized.

What was the college’s explanation for that?

They had cited in that suspension a policy which states that a demonstration must be approved within a certain window, and that there must be an advance notice, and that there’s a process for getting an authorized demonstration. But the primary point was this policy that they were referring to, which we later reported, was changed before the suspension.

So it felt a little ad hoc to people?

Yes, it certainly came as a surprise, especially at “Spectator.” We’re nerds of the University in the sense that we are familiar with faculty and University governance. But even to us, we had no idea where this policy was coming from. And this suspension was really the first time that it entered most students’ sphere.

Columbia’s campus is so known for its activism. And so in my time of being a reporter, of being an editor, I’ve overseen several protests. And I’ve never seen Columbia penalize a group for, quote, unquote, not authorizing a protest. So that was certainly, in our minds, unprecedented.

And I believe part of the justification there was, well, this is a different time. And I think that is a reasonable thing to say. But I think a lot of students, they felt it was particularly one-sided, that it was targeting a specific type of speech or a specific type of viewpoint. Although, the University, of course, in its explicit policies, did not outline, and was actually very explicit about not targeting specific viewpoints —

So just to be super clear, it felt to students — and it sounds like, journalistically, it felt to you — that the University was coming down in a uniquely one-sided way against students who were supporting Palestinian rights and may have expressed some frustrations with Israel in that moment.

Yes. Certainly —

Isabella says that this was just the beginning of a really tense period between student protesters and the University. After those two student groups were suspended, campus protests continued. Students made a variety of demands. They asked that the University divest from businesses that profit from Israel’s military operations in Gaza. But instead of making any progress, the protests are met with further crackdown by the University.

And so as Isabella and her colleagues at the college newspaper see it, there’s this overall chilling effect that occurs. Some students become fearful that if they participate in any demonstrations, they’re going to face disciplinary action. So fast forward now to April, when these student protesters learned that President Shafik is headed to Washington for her congressional testimony. It’s at this moment that they set out to build their encampment.

I think there was obviously a lot of intention in timing those two things. I think it’s inherently a critique on a political pressure and this congressional pressure that we saw build up against, of course, Claudine Gay at Harvard and Magill at UPenn. So I think a lot of students and faculty have been frustrated at this idea that there are not only powers at the University that are dictating what’s happening, but there are perhaps external powers that are also guiding the way here in terms of what the University feels like it must do or has to do.

And I think that timing was super crucial. Having the encampment happen on the Wednesday morning of the hearing was an incredible, in some senses, interesting strategy to direct eyes to different places.

All eyes were going to be on Shafik in DC. But now a lot of eyes are on New York. The encampment is set up in the middle of the night slash morning, prior to the hearing. And so what effectively happens is they caught Shafik when she wasn’t on campus, when a lot of senior administration had their resources dedicated to supporting Shafik in DC.

And you have all of those people not necessarily out of commission, but with their focus elsewhere. So the encampment is met with very little resistance at the beginning. There were public safety officers floating around and watching. But at the very beginning hours, I think there was a sense of, we did it.

[CHANTING]: Disclose! Divest! We will not stop! We will not rest. Disclose! Divest! We will not stop!

It would be quite surprising to anybody and an administrator to now suddenly see dozens of tents on this lawn in a way that I think very purposely puts an imagery of, we’re here to stay. As the morning evolved and congressional hearings continued —

Minouche Shafik, open your eyes! Use of force, genocide!

Then we started seeing University delegates that were coming to the encampment saying, you may face disciplinary action for continuing to be here. I think that started around almost — like 9:00 or 10:00 AM, they started handing out these code of conduct violation notices.

Hell no! Hell no! Hell no!

Then there started to be more public safety action and presence. So they started barricading the entrances. The day progressed, there was more threat of discipline. The students became informed that if they continue to stay, they will face potential academic sanctions, potential suspension.

The more they try to silence us, the louder we will be! The more they —

I think a lot of people were like, OK, you’re threatening us with suspension. But so what?

This is about these systems that Minouche Shafik, that the Board of Trustees, that Columbia University is complicit in.

What are you going to do to try to get us out of here? And that was, obviously, promptly answered.

This is the New York State Police Department.

We will not stop!

You are attempting participate in an unauthorized encampment. You will be arrested and charged with trespassing.

My phone blew up, obviously, from the reporters, from the editors, of saying, oh my god, the NYPD is on our campus. And as soon as I saw that, I came out. And I saw a huge crowd of students and affiliates on campus watching the lawns. And as I circled around that crowd, I saw the last end of the New York Police Department pulling away protesters and clearing out the last of the encampment.

[CHANTING]: We love you! We will get justice for you! We see you! We love you! We will get justice for you! We see you! We love you! We will get justice for you! We see you! We love you! We will get justice for you!

It was something truly unimaginable, over 100 students slash other individuals are arrested from our campus, forcefully removed. And although they were suspended, there was a feeling of traumatic event that has just happened to these students, but also this sense of like, OK, the worst of the worst that could have happened to us just happened.

And for those students who maybe couldn’t go back to — into campus, now all of their peers, who were supporters or are in solidarity, are — in some sense, it’s further emboldened. They’re now not just sitting on the lawns for a pro-Palestinian cause, but also for the students, who have endured quite a lot.

So the crackdown, sought by the president and enforced by the NYPD, ends up, you’re saying, becoming a galvanizing force for a broader group of Columbia students than were originally drawn to the idea of ever showing up on the center of campus and protesting?

Yeah, I can certainly speak to the fact that I’ve seen my own peers, friends, or even acquaintances, who weren’t necessarily previously very involved in activism and organizing efforts, suddenly finding themselves involved.

Can I — I just have a question for you, which is all journalism, student journalism or not student journalism, is a first draft of history. And I wonder if we think of this as a historic moment for Columbia, how you imagine it’s going to be remembered.

Yeah, there is no doubt in my mind that this will be a historic moment for Colombia.

I think that this will be remembered as a moment in which the fractures were laid bare. Really, we got to see some of the disunity of the community in ways that I have never really seen it before. And what we’ll be looking to is, where do we go from here? How does Colombia repair? How do we heal from all of this? so That is the big question in terms of what will happen.

Nick, Isabella Ramírez just walked us through what this has all looked like from the perspective of a Columbia student. And from what she could tell, the crackdown ordered by President Shafik did not quell much of anything. It seemed, instead, to really intensify everything on campus. I’m curious what this has looked like for Shafik.

It’s not just the students who are upset. You have faculty, including professors, who are not necessarily sympathetic to the protesters’ view of the war, who are really outraged about what Shafik has done here. They feel that she’s crossed a boundary that hasn’t been crossed on Columbia’s campus in a really long time.

And so you start to hear things by the end of last week like censure, no confidence votes, questions from her own professors about whether or not she can stay in power. So this creates a whole new front for her. And on top of it all, as this is going on, the encampment itself starts to reform tent-by-tent —

— almost in the same place that it was. And Shafik decides that the most important thing she could do is to try and take the temperature down, which means letting the encampment stand. Or in other words, leaning in the other direction. This time, we’re going to let the protesters have their say for a little while longer.

The problem with that is that, over the weekend, a series of images start to emerge from on campus and just off of it of some really troubling anti-Semitic episodes. In one case, a guy holds up a poster in the middle of campus and points it towards a group of Jewish students who are counter protesting. And it says, I’m paraphrasing here, Hamas’ next targets.

I saw an image of that. What it seemed to evoke was the message that Hamas should murder those Jewish students. That’s the way the Jewish students interpreted it.

It’s a pretty straightforward and jarring statement. At the same time, just outside of Columbia’s closed gates —

Stop killing children!

— protestors are showing up from across New York City. It’s hard to tell who’s affiliated with Columbia, who’s not.

Go back to Poland! Go back to Poland!

There’s a video that goes viral of one of them shouting at Jewish students, go back to Poland, go back to Europe.

In other words, a clear message, you’re not welcome here.

Right. In fact, go back to the places where the Holocaust was committed.

Exactly. And this is not representative of the vast majority of the protesters in the encampment, who mostly had been peaceful. They would later hold a Seder, actually, with some of the pro-Palestinian Jewish protesters in their ranks. But those videos are reaching members of Congress, the very same Republicans that Shafik had testified in front of just a few days before. And now they’re looking and saying, you have lost control of your campus, you’ve turned back on your word to us, and you need to resign.

They call for her outright resignation over this.

That’s right. Republicans in New York and across the country began to call for her to step down from her position as president of Columbia.

So Shafik’s dilemma here is pretty extraordinary. She has set up this dynamic where pleasing these members of Congress would probably mean calling in the NYPD all over again to sweep out this encampment, which would mean further alienating and inflaming students and faculty, who are still very upset over the first crackdown. And now both ends of this spectrum, lawmakers in Washington, folks on the Columbia campus, are saying she can’t lead the University over this situation before she’s even made any fateful decision about what to do with this second encampment. Not a good situation.

No. She’s besieged on all sides. For a while, the only thing that she can come up with to offer is for classes to go hybrid for the remainder of the semester.

So students who aren’t feeling safe in this protest environment don’t necessarily have to go to class.

Right. And I think if we zoom out for a second, it’s worth bearing in mind that she tried to choose a different path here than her counterparts at Harvard or Penn. And after all of this, she’s kind of ended up in the exact same thicket, with people calling for her job with the White House, the Mayor of New York City, and others. These are Democrats. Maybe not calling on her to resign quite yet, but saying, I don’t know what’s going on your campus. This does not look good.

That reality, that taking a different tack that was supposed to be full of learnings and lessons from the stumbles of her peers, the fact that didn’t really work suggests that there’s something really intractable going on here. And I wonder how you’re thinking about this intractable situation that’s now arrived on these college campuses.

Well, I don’t think it’s just limited to college campuses. We have seen intense feelings about this conflict play out in Hollywood. We’ve seen them in our politics in all kinds of interesting ways.

In our media.

We’ve seen it in the media. But college campuses, at least in their most idealized form, are something special. They’re a place where students get to go for four years to think in big ways about moral questions, and political questions, and ideas that help shape the world they’re going to spend the rest of their lives in.

And so when you have a question that feels as urgent as this war does for a lot of people, I think it reverberates in an incredibly intense way on those campuses. And there’s something like — I don’t know if it’s quite a contradiction of terms, but there’s a collision of different values at stake. So universities thrive on the ability of students to follow their minds and their voices where they go, to maybe even experiment a little bit and find those things.

But there are also communities that rely on people being able to trust each other and being able to carry out their classes and their academic endeavors as a collective so they can learn from one another. So in this case, that’s all getting scrambled. Students who feel strongly about the Palestinian cause feel like the point is disruption, that something so big, and immediate, and urgent is happening that they need to get in the faces of their professors, and their administrators, and their fellow students.

Right. And set up an encampment in the middle of campus, no matter what the rules say.

Right. And from the administration’s perspective, they say, well, yeah, you can say that and you can think that. And that’s an important process. But maybe there’s some bad apples in your ranks. Or though you may have good intentions, you’re saying things that you don’t realize the implications of. And they’re making this environment unsafe for others. Or they’re grinding our classes to a halt and we’re not able to function as a University.

So the only way we’re going to be able to move forward is if you will respect our rules and we’ll respect your point of view. The problem is that’s just not happening. Something is not connecting with those two points of view. And as if that’s not hard enough, you then have Congress and the political system with its own agenda coming in and putting its thumb on a scale of an already very difficult situation.

Right. And at this very moment, what we know is that the forces that you just outlined have created a dilemma, an uncertainty of how to proceed, not just for President Shafik and the students and faculty at Columbia, but for a growing number of colleges and universities across the country. And by that, I mean, this thing that seemed to start at Columbia is literally spreading.

Absolutely. We’re talking on a Wednesday afternoon. And these encampments have now started cropping up at universities from coast-to-coast, at Harvard and Yale, but also at University of California, at the University of Texas, at smaller campuses in between. And at each of these institutions, there’s presidents and deans, just like President Shafik at Columbia, who are facing a really difficult set of choices. Do they call in the police? The University of Texas in Austin this afternoon, we saw protesters physically clashing with police.

Do they hold back, like at Harvard, where there were dramatic videos of students literally running into Harvard yard with tents. They were popping up in real-time. And so Columbia, really, I think, at the end of the day, may have kicked off some of this. But they are now in league with a whole bunch of other universities that are struggling with the same set of questions. And it’s a set of questions that they’ve had since this war broke out.

And now these schools only have a week or two left of classes. But we don’t know when these standoffs are going to end. We don’t know if students are going to leave campus for the summer. We don’t know if they’re going to come back in the fall and start protesting right away, or if this year is going to turn out to have been an aberration that was a response to a really awful, bloody war, or if we’re at the beginning of a bigger shift on college campuses that will long outlast this war in the Middle East.

Well, Nick, thank you very much. Thanks for having me, Michael.

We’ll be right back.

Here’s what else you need to know today. The United Nations is calling for an independent investigation into two mass graves found after Israeli forces withdrew from hospitals in Gaza. Officials in Gaza said that some of the bodies found in the graves were Palestinians who had been handcuffed or shot in the head and accused Israel of killing and burying them. In response, Israel said that its soldiers had exhumed bodies in one of the graves as part of an effort to locate Israeli hostages.

And on Wednesday, Hamas released a video of Hersh Goldberg-Polin, an Israeli-American dual citizen, whom Hamas has held hostage since October 7. It was the first time that he has been shown alive since his captivity began. His kidnapping was the subject of a “Daily” episode in October that featured his mother, Rachel. In response to Hamas’s video, Rachel issued a video of her own, in which she spoke directly to her son.

And, Hersh, if you can hear this, we heard your voice today for the first time in 201 days. And if you can hear us, I am telling you, we are telling you, we love you. Stay strong. Survive.

Today’s episode was produced by Sydney Harper, Asthaa Chaturvedi, Olivia Natt, Nina Feldman, and Summer Thomad, with help from Michael Simon Johnson. It was edited by Devon Taylor and Lisa Chow, contains research help by Susan Lee, original music by Marion Lozano and Dan Powell, and was engineered by Chris Wood. Our theme music is by Jim Brunberg and Ben Landsverk of Wonderly. That’s it for “The Daily.” I’m Michael Barbaro. See you tomorrow.

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Hosted by Michael Barbaro

Featuring Nicholas Fandos

Produced by Sydney Harper ,  Asthaa Chaturvedi ,  Olivia Natt ,  Nina Feldman and Summer Thomad

With Michael Simon Johnson

Edited by Devon Taylor and Lisa Chow

Original music by Marion Lozano and Dan Powell

Engineered by Chris Wood

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Columbia University has become the epicenter of a growing showdown between student protesters, college administrators and Congress over the war in Gaza and the limits of free speech.

Nicholas Fandos, who covers New York politics and government for The Times, walks us through the intense week at the university. And Isabella Ramírez, the editor in chief of Columbia’s undergraduate newspaper, explains what it has all looked like to a student on campus.

On today’s episode

Nicholas Fandos , who covers New York politics and government for The New York Times

Isabella Ramírez , editor in chief of The Columbia Daily Spectator

Background reading

Inside the week that shook Columbia University .

The protests at the university continued after more than 100 arrests.

There are a lot of ways to listen to The Daily. Here’s how.

We aim to make transcripts available the next workday after an episode’s publication. You can find them at the top of the page.

Research help by Susan Lee .

The Daily is made by Rachel Quester, Lynsea Garrison, Clare Toeniskoetter, Paige Cowett, Michael Simon Johnson, Brad Fisher, Chris Wood, Jessica Cheung, Stella Tan, Alexandra Leigh Young, Lisa Chow, Eric Krupke, Marc Georges, Luke Vander Ploeg, M.J. Davis Lin, Dan Powell, Sydney Harper, Mike Benoist, Liz O. Baylen, Asthaa Chaturvedi, Rachelle Bonja, Diana Nguyen, Marion Lozano, Corey Schreppel, Rob Szypko, Elisheba Ittoop, Mooj Zadie, Patricia Willens, Rowan Niemisto, Jody Becker, Rikki Novetsky, John Ketchum, Nina Feldman, Will Reid, Carlos Prieto, Ben Calhoun, Susan Lee, Lexie Diao, Mary Wilson, Alex Stern, Dan Farrell, Sophia Lanman, Shannon Lin, Diane Wong, Devon Taylor, Alyssa Moxley, Summer Thomad, Olivia Natt, Daniel Ramirez and Brendan Klinkenberg.

Our theme music is by Jim Brunberg and Ben Landsverk of Wonderly. Special thanks to Sam Dolnick, Paula Szuchman, Lisa Tobin, Larissa Anderson, Julia Simon, Sofia Milan, Mahima Chablani, Elizabeth Davis-Moorer, Jeffrey Miranda, Renan Borelli, Maddy Masiello, Isabella Anderson and Nina Lassam.

Nicholas Fandos is a Times reporter covering New York politics and government. More about Nicholas Fandos

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This salt battery harvests osmotic energy where the river meets the sea

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

“Decoupled Ionic and Electronic Pathways for Enhanced Osmotic Energy Harvesting” ACS Energy Letters

Estuaries — where freshwater rivers meet the salty sea — are great locations for birdwatching and kayaking. In these areas, waters containing different salt concentrations mix and may be sources of sustainable, “blue” osmotic energy. Researchers in ACS Energy Letters report creating a semipermeable membrane that harvests osmotic energy from salt gradients and converts it to electricity. The new design had an output power density more than two times higher than commercial membranes in lab demonstrations. 

Osmotic energy can be generated anywhere salt gradients are found, but the available technologies to capture this renewable energy have room for improvement. One method uses an array of reverse electrodialysis (RED) membranes that act as a sort of “salt battery,” generating electricity from pressure differences caused by the salt gradient. To even out that gradient, positively charged ions from seawater, such as sodium, flow through the system to the freshwater, increasing the pressure on the membrane. To further increase its harvesting power, the membrane also needs to keep a low internal electrical resistance by allowing electrons to easily flow in the opposite direction of the ions. Previous research suggests that improving both the flow of ions across the RED membrane and the efficiency of electron transport would likely increase the amount of electricity captured from osmotic energy. So, Dongdong Ye, Xingzhen Qin and colleagues designed a semipermeable membrane from environmentally friendly materials that would theoretically minimize internal resistance and maximize output power. 

The researchers’ RED membrane prototype contained separate (i.e., decoupled) channels for ion transport and electron transport. They created this by sandwiching a negatively charged cellulose hydrogel (for ion transport) between layers of an organic, electrically conductive polymer called polyaniline (for electron transport). Initial tests confirmed their theory that decoupled transport channels resulted in higher ion conductivity and lower resistivity compared to homogenous membranes made from the same materials. In a water tank that simulated an estuary environment, their prototype achieved an output power density 2.34 times higher than a commercial RED membrane and maintained performance during 16 days of non-stop operation, demonstrating its long-term, stable performance underwater. In a final test, the team created a salt battery array from 20 of their RED membranes and generated enough electricity to individually power a calculator, LED light and stopwatch. 

Ye, Qin and their team members say their findings expand the range of ecological materials that could be used to make RED membranes and improve osmotic energy-harvesting performance, making these systems more feasible for real-world use. 

The authors acknowledge funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China.

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niji・journey - AI Anime Art 12+

Words to ai anime pictures‪‬.

• 4.3 • 265 Ratings
• Offers In-App Purchases

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Description.

Unleash your creativity with Niji! Create stunning anime characters for free with 20 free generations. Dive into the world of limitless imagination now! Enter a world of anime art wonders with niji・journey! It's a fun adventure where you can turn words into cool anime-style pictures using AI. Just tell Niji what you want to see, like "Underwater Anime girl eating ice cream in Shibuya" or simple words like "19 cats in the sky," pick a style you like, and watch as Niji creates your artwork in no time! 【 BECOME AN ARTIST - BRING YOUR IMAGINATION TO LIFE】 Niji can generate all your imaginations: - Characters from movies - Your custom Dungeons and Dragons character - Your own Anime Persona - Famous buildings and scenery - Your one and only waifu and husbando - Or find inspiration for your next husbento, aka lunch bento Want more? We have UNLIMITED imagination for you! 【 THE WORLD’S MOST ADVANCED AI ART GENERATOR】 We're not just any AI art generator! We're the best! If you're using an AI art model, make sure it's the best. You don't need a long list of words to get good pictures; Niji understands what you want. Our leading AI art model generates cute, expressive, and magical images to revolutionize your aesthetic. 【 DISCOVER YOUR UNIQUE STYLE】 Take a short quiz and find your custom art style. Your art is your form of expression, so use an aesthetic as unique as you are. Remix prompts and ideas from millions of users all across the world! 【 EXPLORE DIFFERENT STYLES】 Niji has lots of styles to try, from expressive, cute, scenic, original, and more! 【 USE AS LOCK SCREEN】 Make your phone look awesome with your own creations! 【 SHARE AND BE COOL】 Share your amazing artwork with friends, our community, or post it on social media to join the latest art trends! Ready to try Niji and make some awesome art? Let's go! This is the official niji・journey mobile app. Accounts and subscription plans can be synced with existing niji・journey and Midjourney accounts. You will get updates with the latest model improvements. Join a community of millions of users and download Niji Journey now! Privacy Policy: https://docs.midjourney.com/docs/privacy-policy Terms of Service: https://docs.midjourney.com/docs/terms-of-service

Version 1.15.0

- Various fixes

Ratings and Reviews

265 Ratings

Great app but one small but essential thing

I just got this app and I already enjoy it! Though when it says I get free 20 generations, I was hoping I would get a few free generations a day (like 3-5 or something). I was a little bummed out when i see that it’s not the case. So as a suggestion, i would like there be a few free generations a day kind of feature. I’m sure folks would love that. Other than that, I really enjoy this app.

Does Not Work with High Load of Generations

The Niji journey app make my phone hotter than when I’m playing a graphic intensive game like genshin or tower of fantasy. When I begin to do more than 4 generations I only do 3 at a time, my phone gets hot the app basically stops responding. It makes it impossible to look up a previous photo to make generation of it. When you got to your profile it takes 3+ mins to load your list and then once you are there it won’t let you select any of them. The app has more functionality than discord and more options but it’s almost unusable after 10 mins or one visit to your profile page. Please fix this for those who generate high numbers of photos.

Developer Response ,

Hi, Thank you for your feedback. We have been made aware of this issue, and have released some updates to address this. We are also constantly working towards making the app better, and if you are able to help give us more specific information. We can take a closer, and better look.

Pretty good

Mainly, there are no issues that have really messed with the app or the experience. The app runs smoothly, you can see the image progress, you can choose prompts, and add reference photos which is all amazing. HOWEVER, a big issue I run into is when a ‘Job failed to run’ while using a free trial. It takes one of your free generations without even showing a result. Or if you cancel a generation, you don't get your little trial generation back. The app is good, I’m just not sure if these are bugs or something :)

App Privacy

The developer, Midjourney , indicated that the app’s privacy practices may include handling of data as described below. For more information, see the developer’s privacy policy .

Data Not Linked to You

The following data may be collected but it is not linked to your identity:

• Contact Info
• User Content
• Identifiers
• Diagnostics

Privacy practices may vary, for example, based on the features you use or your age. Learn More

Information

• Mini Plan (Monthly) $4.99
• 1 Fast Hour $3.99
• Basic Plan (Monthly) $9.99
• Standard Plan (Monthly) $29.99
• Pro Plan (Monthly) $59.99
• 5 Fast Hours $19.99
• 10 Fast Hours $39.99
• Developer Website
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9 Ecommerce Trends to Boost Your Business in 2024

This year’s ecommerce trends feel a little oxymoronic. Machines and software are helping do more jobs, even communicating directly with shoppers. At the same time, consumers are heading towards online experiences that give them the personalized, human interactions of in-person buying.

As disparate as the rapid adaptation of technology and the longing for person-to-person retail seem, the two goals are actually coming together in unexpected ways.

Let’s unpack the specific trends ecommerce brands and marketers will face, and explore how to make sure you’re taking advantage of them.

• Conversational marketing becomes table stakes for ecommerce brands
• Ecommerce businesses will find new uses for AR
• More sellers slide into their customers’ DMs
• Gen Z spurs shift to social shopping
• Live commerce bridges the gap between online and in-person shopping
• Subscription services solidify customer loyalty
• AI fuels customized buying journeys
• Dynamic, personalized websites go mainstream
• Ecommerce brands will launch more data-gathering campaigns

9 ecommerce trends to monitor in 2024

These are the most high-profile ecommerce marketing trends we see headed our way this year. Learn them to stay in tune with customers and ahead of competitors.

1. Conversational marketing becomes table stakes for ecommerce brands

Conversational marketing is a strategy where businesses have two-way communication with customers in real time. Those one-to-one interactions can happen with live agents , but a lot of conversational marketing growth will occur with AI-powered chatbots .

For example, one study suggests that by 2028, around $72 billion in retail spending will happen through chatbot interactions. For context, that’s a 470% increase compared to the $12 billion in chatbot sales from 2023.

Two factors are fueling this ecommerce trend: generative AI and consumers’ desire for fast answers.

Generative AI models like ChatGPT use natural language processing to understand conversational queries. That’s helped chatbots become highly successful sales agents that can guide website visitors through their buying journey.

For most consumers, the most significant upside of using chatbots is the 24/7 availability of information. Instead of waiting until regular business hours, shoppers can jump in when inspiration strikes and get all the information they need to make an informed purchase.

The great news is chatbots are becoming less expensive and easier to launch, so expect to see them gain traction in smaller businesses . You can launch your own chatbot in a jiffy.

💡 Conversational marketing relies on great calls to action. Download this free guide to get inspired by dozens of high-performing CTA phrases .

2. Ecommerce businesses will find new uses for AR

The virtual reality (VR) craze hit its peak when Facebook rebranded as Meta , a signal that the social media giant was turning its vast resources towards developing online worlds known loosely as the metaverse. Despite some optimistic forecasts, most of us still aren’t guiding our avatars down digital promenades in search of the next digital deal. And with Meta still losing millions on its big VR bet, it’s unlikely to happen any time soon.

However, an interesting movement in ecommerce is taking advantage of augmented reality, VR’s cousin that overlays digital imagery on real-world environments in real time.

AR has become very accessible, even offered as free features like stickers and polls on social media platforms. Expect to see online retailers and brands taking advantage of AR in new ways. For example, fashion brands use AR to help mobile shoppers see how they’ll look in this season’s styles.

Users snap a picture in the brand’s app, and AR adds the products. Clothing brands, household goods, and even car dealers are all using AR to help buyers make a purchase decision.

Other retailers are using AR to highlight product details, like price tags or features, in promotional videos.

With AR’s near-zero cost for these use cases and more app developers building creative AR solutions, expect to see it used more often and by a wider variety of ecommerce businesses.

3. More sellers slide into their customers’ DMs

Direct messaging , like the DMs on your Instagram or TikTok account, is ideal for brands to interact with customers and fans one-on-one. You can send links, images, and product videos. Plus, it doesn’t cost anything to send a DM. That’s why we’ll see more brands connect with their customers in direct message apps this year.

Because of their private nature, DMs are a great place to have conversations about customer concerns . You can even use them as a lead generation channel as an alternative to collecting email addresses on your website.

A word of warning if you want to try this trend out for yourself. If you start messaging random people, you’ll definitely get blocked and probably reported. Always ask before contacting someone in their DMs. Offer a reason, like giving someone a personal discount code or asking them to share their experience with your products (free user-generated content !).

4. Gen Z spurs shift to social shopping

At first, social media marketing was mainly a brand awareness play. Sellers could share their wares in organic and paid posts and then offer links to their e-commerce shops.

Jumping from one platform to the next adds friction to the sales process. With social shopping , consumers can click on the products they see in a post and complete the purchase without leaving their favorite social media apps.

Revenue from social commerce could hit the trillion (with a “T”) dollar mark in the next few years. Younger adults lead the charge, with nearly three-quarters of 18 to 34-year-olds saying they’ve made a purchase from social commerce. But the trend is also permeating through all generations—around 25% of consumers over 65 said they’ve bought through that channel as well. With that kind of cross-generational spread, we expect to see a lot a lot more sales through social selling activities.

🛑 Download the newly updated All-Star Advertising Playbook to get expert-level tips for all four of the most lucrative advertising channels.

5. Live commerce bridges the gap between online and in-person shopping

If QVC and social shopping had a love child, it would be live commerce. During a live commerce event, a host interacts with viewers via video on a social media platform . Those viewers can then purchase the products on offer right from the video.

Live commerce offers the best parts of in-store shopping without fighting traffic or searching for a parking space. Shoppers get instant answers from a knowledgeable brand representative or influencer right from their living room.

The most popular social media apps are participating in this trend. Instagram and TikTok offer live shopping features, and YouTube inked a deal with Shopify to let creators add shoppable links to videos.

While the most common format for live shopping involves one or two representatives on screen touting the brand’s latest and greatest, there’s another interesting way to use this tactic. Say you’re launching a new line of cosmetics. You could have a launch party and let viewers buy what they see on their screens.

The live commerce trend is expected to grow significantly in the near term, with some suggesting it could account for 20% of all ecommerce sales. Since conversion rates at live shopping events can reach 30%, ecommerce brands would be wise to take advantage of this trend.

6. Subscription services solidify customer loyalty

Buy almost any consumable from Amazon, and you’ll be asked if you’d like to save a few dollars by subscribing to auto-refill your order. The initial loss in profit to the seller is well worth the higher potential of repeat business. And the buyer sees the savings as a no-brainer since they’ll need more of the product later.

The trend goes beyond monthly dog food or cosmetics deliveries (although those are common). Now, you can get a regular delivery of all sorts of themed products, like miniature items for your doll house or train set.

Savings and customer loyalty are powerful win-wins that are likely to motivate sellers and shoppers to keep the trend going. 77% of consumers say they spend up to $499 annually on subscriptions, and 41% say they’ll add more in the next year.

7. AI fuels customized buying journeys

In general, AI is a big trend for all marketers. There are many ways ecommerce brands and marketers can use artificial intelligence to boost their businesses. One that’s emerging as particularly useful is having AI create complex, personalized customer journeys.

Here’s an example. Say you send marketing texts to your customers, reminding them of sales and new products. If each text of those campaigns were personalized to the individual based on their prior behavior, you’d close a lot more sales. But it’d be nearly impossible to do manually when you’re promoting hundreds of products to thousands of customers.

That’s where marketing experts are applying AI . Using its machine learning capabilities, AI can “remember” how customers reacted to previous messages, which products they bought, and how they interacted with your website. Then, it can create a custom campaign for each text subscriber.

Personalization is a well-documented marketing strategy that often lifts revenue by up to 25% . Brands that use advanced personalization strategies say they see a 200% return on the investment.

In the coming year, we’ll see many more retailers and brands use AI to construct personalized buying journeys through promotional emails , texts, and social media, individually and across multiple channels .

8. Dynamic, personalized websites go mainstream

Personalization has been the playground of ad campaigns for a while. But what if every person who visited your promotional landing page or home page saw a version that best suited their needs? That’s what dynamic landing pages and websites offer.

Here’s a simple example where someone considering your product sees a different home page than someone who bought it.

Dynamic landing pages aren’t new. What’s changed is the scale and scope of personalization available with new AI-powered techniques, making them more attractive to ecommerce shops with many product and sales pages.

Let’s say you have a website with hundreds of sales and conversion pages. AI can analyze huge amounts of data about your products and customer behavior. Then, generative AI can quickly create conversational copy or calls to action for each of those pages that are more relevant to each segment of your target market .

Most marketers that use personalized landing pages report a lift in engagement compared to static versions. Plus, 91% of customers said they felt more connected with websites featuring dynamic pages, especially those that provided personalized offers and product recommendations.

9. Ecommerce brands will launch more data-gathering campaigns

Many of the trends we’ve discussed require extensive data about your customers. Gathering this information has pros and cons. Some shoppers love the personalization it provides, while others are rightfully concerned about their privacy .

In light of these concerns, lawmakers and big platforms are making it harder to collect data without direct user consent. Google has finally ended the use of third-party cookies . Some US states and European governments require websites to give visitors a choice to opt in or opt out of being tracked by cookies.

With much less third-party data, ecommerce marketers will need to become really good at convincing shoppers to give up their information willingly, also known as zero-party data.

In the coming months and years, we’ll see more creative campaigns designed to collect data from willing website visitors and customers ethically. These may be contests, newsletter subscriptions, surveys, or even discounts and free products.

However it’s done, collecting zero-party data is a big ecommerce marketing trend that almost every retailer and brand needs to be aware of.

What is the future of the ecommerce industry?

To say last year was one of change for ecommerce stores and marketers is a drastic understatement. With the rapid development of new AI marketing tools , customers’ shift to new sales channels, and potential regulations that can change how everyone does business online, it’s nearly impossible to guess the future of ecommerce with 100% clarity.

But if you look at the trends ramping up now, you’ll see a few themes that hint at the future. Customers want in-store experiences from online shopping. They’ll choose lower-friction purchase options over clicking through multiple apps and websites. And they’d prefer personalized interactions as long as their privacy remains protected.

While you mull over what’s to come for ecommerce stores, have a look at these other marketing trends for further insights:

• PPC for Retail: Biggest Trends, Challenges, & Strategies for Success
• 7 Content Marketing Trends You Need to Know (+Tips to Prepare)
• 9 Video Marketing Trends to Watch
• The 5 Biggest Google Ads Trends(+6 Predictions)
• 12 Biggest SEO Trends to Watch

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Meet The Author

Rob is a Senior Copywriter for LocaliQ and WordStream where he uses his content marketing experience to write about all manner of advertising, sales, and adtech topics. When not turning phrases, Rob loves to travel, cook, and spend time outdoors (especially hiking and mountain biking) with his wife and dog.

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Thousands of flights to and from Europe affected by suspected Russian jamming

About 46,000 aircraft have logged GPS problems over Baltic Sea since August, says report

Flights in and out of Britain are among thousands that have been affected by suspected Russian jamming of GPS systems.

More than 2,300 Ryanair flights have reported incidents of GPS interference since last August, according to a report, as well as almost 1,400 at Wizz Air, 82 at British Airways and four from easyJet.

About 46,000 aircraft in total have logged problems with GPS over the Baltic Sea in the same time period, the Sun reported, based on analysis of flight logs with the website GPSJAM.org. Most of the GPS problems reported on the website have come in eastern Europe , bordering Russia.

The satellite-based GPS forms part of an aircraft’s navigation system, and interference can pose a safety risk.

The UK government confirmed in March that an RAF plane carrying the defence secretary, Grant Shapps, had its GPS signal jammed while flying near the Russian Baltic exclave of Kaliningrad, while heading back to the UK from Poland.

Although Downing Street said the move did not threaten the safety of the aircraft, a defence source described it as “wildly irresponsible”.

The International Air Transport Association and the EU Aviation Safety Agency (Easa) held a summit in January to discuss GPS jamming and “spoofing”, or sending bogus signals, with Easa reporting a sharp rise in the number of attacks.

While Easa said countering the threat was a priority, the UK’s Civil Aviation Authority played down the risk and said jamming was often associated with military activity but did not mean commercial planes were being directly targeted.

Glenn Bradley, the head of flight operations at the CAA, said: “Aviation is one of the safest forms of air travel and there are several safety protocols in place to protect navigation systems on commercial aircraft.

“GPS jamming does not directly impact the navigation of an aircraft, and while it is a known issue, this does not mean an aircraft has been jammed deliberately.”

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A Ryanair spokesperson said: “In recent years there has been a rise in intermittent GPS interference which has affected all airlines. Ryanair aircraft have multiple systems to identify aircraft location, including GPS. If any of the location systems, such as GPS, are not functioning then the crew, as part of standard operating procedures, switch to one of the alternate systems.”

An easyJet spokesperson said there were “multiple navigation systems onboard commercial aircraft as well as procedures in place which mitigate against issues with GPS that can occur for various reasons”.

BA was approached for comment.

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Breaking news, jared goff opens up on fiancée christen harper’s bachelorette party, si swimsuit journey: ‘fun to see her thrive’.

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From a dating app to the altar.

Detroit Lions quarterback Jared Goff gushed to The Post about his fiancée, Sports Illustrated Swimsuit model Christen Harper, ahead of the power couple’s summer nuptials in California.

“She had a great time on her bachelorette [party] with her friends and we’re right in the thick of the wedding planning right now,” Goff said while discussing his recent partnership with  Jared Jewelers to honor Detroit, which is home to the 2024 NFL Draft starting Thursday night.

View this post on Instagram A post shared by Christen Harper (@christenharper)

“It’s coming this summer, we’re excited. She’s been doing a great job with it. I’ve been fairly uninvolved… but I’ll give my input when asked,” he said, laughing. “But she’s done a really good job of getting everything ready for the wedding and the day-to-day. There’s tasks for her to handle kind of every day.”

As for Goff’s favorite part of wedding planning?

“The food, the drinks, the music and all that is the fun stuff,” he said. “I’ve definitely been a part of that.”

Harper recently returned from her bachelorette party, which took place in Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, and featured a yacht excursion, theme nights and temporary tattoos of Goff’s face, according to social media photos.

“Those were good,” Goff said, laughing. “Those were funny, her friends made them.”

Goff  proposed  to Harper in June 2022.

“Still on cloud 9 from the best weekend of my life,”  she wrote on Instagram  at the time, including photos of her stunning oval-cut engagement ring.

Harper and Goff were  first linked  in January 2019, when he was with the Rams — and a month before Los Angeles faced Tom Brady and the New England Patriots in Super Bowl LIII. The Rams lost, 13-3.

She  confirmed their relationship  that February when she shared a photo of herself arriving at the Super Bowl in Atlanta.

The model previously shared that she immediately fell for Goff after first connecting on a dating app.

Their relationship began before Harper became a household name with Sports Illustrated Swimsuit, something Goff is especially proud of her for.

“It’s been fun to see her thrive in that now,” Goff said. “It was outside of her comfort zone when she initially applied for it and did the swim search, and then was chosen. She was a rookie of the year.

“It’s been fun and really cool to see her become comfortable on that platform and grow her voice in that way. I know she’s got a lot of things that she wants to do and help people — and she’s very passionate about animals, so helping animals, and all that. All of this has been helpful for that larger mission.”

Harper landed her first feature  in the 2021 Sports Illustrated Swimsuit issue  when she was selected in the publication’s Swimsearch that year.

She was named Sports Illustrated Swimsuit’s Co-Rookie of the Year in 2022, along with fitness model Katie Austin, after the pair won the Swimsearch the previous year.

Harper appeared in the 2023 Sports Illustrated Swimsuit issue and modeled a number of sultry bikinis on location in the Eastern Caribbean.

She also volunteers with organizations such as Girls Inc., Forgotten Harvest and Farm Sanctuary — and mentors young girls through self-esteem and positivity workshops at the Detroit Lions Academy in partnership with the Pure Heart Foundation.

Harper engrained herself in the Detroit community when Goff was traded to the Lions in January 2021 in a blockbuster exchange with the Rams for Matthew Stafford.

View this post on Instagram A post shared by Jared The Galleria Of Jewelry (@jaredthegalleriaofjewelry)

Giving back to the community is another way the couple enjoys their limited free time together with their busy schedules.

Goff and Jared Jewelry recognized  Give Merit , a Detroit-based nonprofit whose  FATE program  aims to help Detroit youth graduate and receive college scholarships with a $50,000 donation to increase the potential of Detroit’s next generation.

They also surprised three superfans with the same Breitling watches Goff gave to his offensive line at the end of the 2023 season — when Goff led the Lions to their first playoff win in 32 years, a 24-23 wild-card victory over the Rams on Jan. 14.

Goff was especially happy to give back to his city during an exciting time as Detroit is the home of the 2024 NFL Draft, which begins Thursday and runs through Saturday.

“We don’t pick until late in the first round, so we’ll have to wait a little while,” Goff said, referring to Detroit’s No. 29 overall selection. “I’m excited to be a part of it.”

The 2024 NFL Draft begins Thursday at 8 p.m. ET and will air on ESPN and ABC.

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