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First Cardiologist Appointment: What to Expect

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If you’ve been told to see a cardiologist, you probably have a lot of questions and concerns. What happens when you get referred to a cardiologist? How can you prepare for the appointment? Will you have any tests that day? What can you expect?

What are the signs you need to see a cardiologist ? Maybe your primary care physician (PCP) has referred you to a heart doctor. Perhaps you have symptoms of a cardiac issue, such as occasional chest pain or shortness of breath. Maybe your family has a history of heart problems and you want to better understand your personal risk. 

It’s important to talk to a specialist who can address your concerns and recommend next steps. “My goals for the first appointment are to get to know my patient as a person—who they are, what is important to them, their concerns and worries. And then I focus on getting the health information I need to help them with whatever problem brought them in to see me,” says Fidencio Saldaña, MD, MPH , a Mass General Brigham cardiologist. Dr. Saldaña treats heart patients at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Brigham and Women’s Faulkner Hospital.

How can I prepare for my first cardiologist appointment?

“A visit to any health care provider can be stressful,” says Dr. Saldaña. “But any time something is going on with the heart, there seems to be an added anxiety or worry about how serious the issue might be.” 

He suggests several things you can do to make the first appointment less stressful and more productive:

Dress appropriately: Wear loose, comfortable clothing. You may have to remove your shirt, take off your socks and shoes, or change into a gown. The health care team may ask you to wear a gown. One common in-office heart test, an electrocardiogram (EKG), involves sticking sensors to your skin. So Dr. Saldaña recommends you avoid using lotions just before your appointment.

Bring a friend or family member: “Having someone with you is very helpful. They can be an extra pair of ears, listen, take notes and remind you about a certain symptom or episode,” Dr. Saldaña says. “We’re not just taking care of one individual—we’re really taking into consideration the family, the patient’s support system. We want the patient and their family to feel supported and to have the information that they need.”

Arrive early: The average time of a first cardiology appointment is 40 minutes. Dr. Saldaña recommends arriving 15-20 minutes early. That way, you have time to complete important paperwork. You can also make sure the office has received previous test results and has your insurance information. Arriving early also gives you a buffer in case you get lost or have trouble finding a parking spot.

What questions will my cardiologist ask?

At the first appointment, your specialist will get to know you and start to understand your heart health. Dr. Saldaña suggests that you prepare to answer certain questions by writing the information down and bringing it to your appointment.

If you’re having any symptoms, your cardiologist will want to know:

• What they are
• How often they occur
• Whether anything makes them better or worse 

Personal medical history and family medical history

The health care team will want to know all about your health. This may include a wide range of things, including:

• Other medical conditions you may have
• Medications you take
• Previous surgeries or hospitalizations

“I often ask about things that may not seem heart-related, and some folks may be surprised and wonder: ‘Why are you asking me about this if I’m here for my heart?’” says Dr. Saldaña. “We want to get a sense of the entire person. Other illnesses could be involved in your particular issue with the heart.”

Your cardiologist will also want to know whether you or any close family members had certain health conditions, such as:

• Family history of heart disease, including coronary artery disease
• Congenital heart disease (heart defects at birth) 
• Early death (before age 60)
• High blood pressure ( hypertension )
• High cholesterol (hyperlipidemia)
• Type 1 diabetes or Type 2 diabetes

Medications

Bring a list of every medication you take to this appointment, including supplements and over-the-counter drugs. Better yet, Dr. Saldaña suggests, bring all medication containers with you. That will help your doctor review detailed information such as dosages.

Your lifestyle is an important part of your heart health , so your cardiologist will ask about your lifestyle and habits, including:

• Alcohol and drug use 
• Diet and nutrition
• Exercise habits 
• Smoking history
• Stress and how you manage it

Medical records and previous test results

If you’ve had previous appointments or tests, your cardiologist should review them. Ideally, that information should be sent to the cardiologist’s office in advance. But you can bring information with you. In addition, the front desk will ask for your PCP’s contact information, any other specialists you see and your insurance information.

“Your cardiologist is there to be a team member to make sure you receive the appropriate information on diagnosis and treatment if necessary. When you leave, you should feel listened to. You should have an understanding of what the visit was for, what the diagnosis is, and the plan moving forward.”

Fidencio Saldaña, MD, MPH Cardiologist Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Brigham and Women’s Faulkner Hospital

What does a cardiologist do on your first visit?

Your first visit with a cardiologist will involve a physical exam and possibly some bloodwork and non-invasive tests. Non-invasive tests are generally pain-free. They don’t require any incisions (cuts) or the insertion of tools, except maybe a needle.

Physical exam

During your first appointment, the cardiology team will take measurements called “vitals.” This may include height, weight, blood pressure, breathing rate, resting  heart rate and body temperature.

Then your cardiologist will perform a head-to-toe examination of your body with a focus on your heart. They’ll listen to your heart and lungs by placing a stethoscope on your chest and back. They’ll examine and press on the blood vessels in your neck, arms and legs. And they’ll look at your ankles and feet for any swelling.

In-office heart tests

Depending on the information your cardiologist needs, you may have a few simple, pain-free tests during the first appointment. 

• Blood tests: Your cardiologist’s team may draw blood to test cholesterol level, how well your kidneys are working, blood counts and more. “Unless you’re instructed to do so, you can just eat normally and come on in,” Dr. Saldaña says. “If we need a blood test after you’ve been fasting, you can always return for that.”
• Electrocardiogram: An EKG uses electrodes stuck to your skin to measure your heart’s electrical signals. 
• Chest X-ray: This test takes a picture of your heart’s structures.

If your cardiologist recommends more complex testing, that’s usually scheduled for a later date.

What questions can I ask my cardiologist?

Dr. Saldaña asks people to bring a list of questions to their first cardiology appointment. That way you don’t forget to ask anything that’s important to you.

Consider asking your cardiologist the following questions during your first appointment:

• Is there a problem with my heart? If so, what is it called and what does it mean?
• What caused the problem?
• What are my next steps? Should I have tests or receive treatments?
• Where can I learn more about this condition?
• What can I do to improve my heart health and lessen my risk of complications?
• What signs or symptoms should I call you about? 
• When should I seek emergency medical attention?

Dr. Saldaña also suggests that you or a loved one take notes throughout the appointment so you can review the information again later. 

“Your cardiologist is there to be a team member to make sure you receive the appropriate information on diagnosis and treatment if necessary,” he says. “When you leave, you should feel listened to. You should have an understanding of what the visit was for, what the diagnosis is, and the plan moving forward.”

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What to Expect During Your First Visit to a Cardiologist

It is normal to be hesitant or unsure when you meet with a new physician, especially when it comes to something as important as heart health..

Here, we will discuss everything you can expect from your first visit with a cardiologist and explain the steps you can take to make your appointment go more smoothly for you and the doctor

For one reason or another, you have been told you need to see a cardiologist. Maybe you have been having symptoms that warrant a visit to the specialist. Perhaps your upcoming visit is more precautionary due to a family history of heart disease. Regardless of why you’ve made an appointment, you likely want to know what you should expect.

Arrive Early to the Cardiologist

When you are planning your first visit to the cardiologist, be sure to plan on an early arrival. Being at least 15 minutes early will make the visit easier for you and the office staff. Here are a few reasons why showing up early is important:

Filling out paperwork may take time which could hold up the staff and the doctor. The cardiologist may have had a cancellation making it possible to see you sooner. Other patients may be waiting, and late arrivals may cause their appointment to be late as well. Office staff may have questions about insurance or past tests they need to locate. If you have never been to the office, you may need time to find it. Showing up early to your first cardiologist appointment does not guarantee you will be seen on time or that your visit will be quick. It only helps give a buffer between the time that you arrive and the time they are expecting you. This buffer allows for anything unexpected that might come up.

Meeting with the Nurse

At most doctors’ appointments, the patient will meet with the nurse first. This is when vitals are checked. The nurse will also ask general questions and help fill out any patient information needed before the cardiologist comes in. The nurse’s responsibilities may include:

• Checking blood pressure
• Weighing the patient
• Making notes about current medications
• Enquiring about the reason for the visit
• Asking about personal and family health history

This is a crucial step in meeting with a cardiologist for the first time. These questions will help the doctor better understand what she or he can do for you. It also helps the doctor know what tests may be needed to help diagnose or resolve health problems.

Meeting with the Cardiologist

Once all the prerequisite information is gathered, you will meet your cardiologist. Sometimes this is done in their office at a desk. Other times they may meet you in a patient room. This will depend on the reason for the visit and whether or not the doctor wants to examine you. Some patients may meet their cardiologist at the hospital. This is nothing to worry about as the doctor may prefer to meet with you in a place where all tests can be run. This can save you time and money. Here are some of the diagnostic tests a cardiologist might order:

• Blood tests
• Stress test (on the treadmill)
• Non-stress test (sitting in a chair)
• Nuclear stress test or echo stress test
• Echocardiogram
• CT, PET, or MRI scan
• Coronary angiogram

Depending on the reason for the visit, your cardiologist may require more tests or information. Remember that she or he is there to help you regain or maintain a healthy heart. Their goal will be to help you, so any information you can offer will help them help you faster.

Ending the Appointment

At the end of your appointment, be sure that you understand any instructions you have been given. If you were given a prescription or instructed to change your medication in any way, be sure that you understand them. You must know what you need to do after leaving the cardiologist’s office.

You may also be asked to gather more information for a future visit. If this is the case, be sure to get that information to the office as soon as possible to speed things along. If you are given referrals for additional labs or tests, take action after leaving the office. Most labs and testing facilities are busy. The sooner you make the call, the sooner you will be able to complete these tests.

If any follow-up appointments are needed, try to schedule them before leaving your cardiologist. This can make things much easier for you and the office staff. Most specialists are booked well into the future, so make sure you get your name on the schedule.

It is normal to feel a little nervous before you meet with a cardiologist. Remember, your heart is important to them. They know how much this visit means for you and they will try to answer all your questions. If you need any additional advice or you want to request an appointment, contact us today.

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Questions you should ask during your first cardiology visit

Author: Scott Maffett, MD

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What should I bring?

• Current medications including dose and frequency. 
• Allergies or intolerance to medications. 
• Your past health history such as surgeries or major illnesses, especially those within the last year. 
• Your previous cardiovascular testing, including results if possible.
• Family health history that includes your children, siblings, parents, grandparents, aunts and uncles. Try to find out whether any of your relatives have heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol or aneurysm. Knowing at what age your relative passed away and the cause of death is also important. 
• If you’re having symptoms, be prepared to describe them and make note of when they started, how long they last, what seems to bring these symptoms on, and what, if anything, relieves the symptoms. 

Why am I here?

Make note of your diagnosis and ask what it means in ‘normal’ terms if you’re not sure. Not understanding your condition greatly affects your active role in your healthcare. Never feel embarrassed to ask questions.

What tests are needed and why?

What medication is needed and what does it do?

What can I do to improve my heart health?

Additionally, controlling other medical problems, such as diabetes, obesity, hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea, high cholesterol, smoking, chronic kidney disease, poor diet and a sedentary lifestyle can often directly impact your heart health.

Are there activities I should avoid?

Where can I get more information?

Asking questions and learning about your condition and health plan will make you an active partner in your care and can lead to better outcomes. If you have questions or concerns after your visit do not hesitate to contact the office or your provider.

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What to expect at my first cardiology appointment.

If your primary care provider has recommended that you see a cardiologist or if you’ve already scheduled your first appointment with a cardiologist, you’re probably wondering what to expect.

Don’t worry, it’s natural to feel a mix of curiosity and perhaps a touch of anxiety. And to help ease any of this worry, we spoke with Nimesh Patel, MD , a cardiologist with Bon Secours – Cardiology , about what to expect during your initial visit and why taking this proactive step is crucial for your heart health journey.

Your first meeting with a cardiologist is more than just an appointment.

It’s an opportunity to assess and understand the current state of your heart health. Whether you’ve been referred by your primary care provider or are proactively seeking a cardiovascular evaluation, this visit lays the foundation for personalized care.

“At Bon Secours, we take a holistic approach when it comes to patient care,” Dr. Patel shares. “From evaluation to management of a patient’s cardiology disease, our entire office comes together to provide quality, compassionate care.”

Be prepared to discuss your complete medical history, including any family history of heart disease, past illnesses, medications you’re currently taking and lifestyle factors, such as diet and exercise.

Also, expect a thorough physical examination during your visit. This may include measuring your blood pressure , checking your pulse and listening to your heart and lungs.

“My goal is to make sure during the first visit that the patient and family fully understand their clinical condition and what treatment options are available.” Dr. Patel adds.

Depending on your medical history and the initial assessment, your cardiologist may recommend diagnostic tests, such as an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG), stress test or echocardiogram to gather more detailed information about your heart.

Following the examination and any diagnostic tests, your cardiologist will discuss their findings with you.

This is an opportunity for you to ask questions, seek clarification and discuss potential treatment or preventive measures.

“As a noninvasive cardiologist with expertise in heart failure, left ventricular assist device (LVAD) and heart transplants, I treat common cardiology disease ,” Dr. Patel shares. “This includes management and evaluation of coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, valvular heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, hypertension and many more. Sometimes it’s helpful to display pictures and diagrams when discussing diagnoses or treatments with patients, so we do whatever we can to help them feel comfortable and informed.”

He adds, “I would be grateful for the opportunity to treat and help you as my patient – welcome to the family.”

Your first appointment with a cardiologist is a proactive step toward prioritizing your heart health.

Embrace this opportunity to work closely with a specialist who is dedicated to understanding and addressing your cardiovascular needs.

Want to learn more about your heart health? Take our online heart risk assessment today.

Also, learn about the heart and vascular care services we provide at Bon Secours.

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What to expect at first cardiology appointment

When it comes to your heart health, regular check-ups with a cardiologist are essential. These appointments can help detect and manage heart conditions, prevent future problems, and ensure that you maintain a healthy heart.

See the best cardiologist in Brooklyn —book now!

In this article, we will walk you through what happens at a cardiology appointment, from scheduling to follow-up care. Whether you’re going for a routine check-up or seeking help for a specific heart issue, understanding the process can help ease any anxiety and ensure a productive visit.

What happens at a cardiology appointment

Once you’ve scheduled your appointment, it’s time to prepare for what happens during the visit. Here’s what you can expect:

1. Check-In and Paperwork

On the day of your appointment, arrive a little early to complete any necessary paperwork. You’ll likely be asked to provide updated personal and insurance information, sign consent forms, and complete a medical history questionnaire. This paperwork helps the cardiologist understand your overall health and any potential risk factors.

2. Physical Examination

After completing the paperwork, you’ll meet with a nurse or medical assistant who will take your vital signs, such as blood pressure, heart rate, and weight. These measurements provide baseline information for the cardiologist to assess your heart health.

3. Discussion with the Cardiologist

Once the preliminary assessments are done, you’ll meet with the cardiologist. During this discussion, the cardiologist will ask you about your medical history, current symptoms, and any concerns you may have. Be honest and detailed in your responses, as this information is crucial for an accurate diagnosis.

4. Diagnostic Tests

Depending on your symptoms and medical history, the cardiologist may order diagnostic tests. These tests can include:

• Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) : This test records the electrical activity of your heart and can help diagnose irregular heart rhythms or other cardiac issues.
• Echocardiogram : An ultrasound of the heart that provides images of its structure and function, helping diagnose problems with the heart’s valves, chambers, or blood flow.
• Stress Test : This test evaluates your heart’s performance during physical activity and can detect problems with blood flow to the heart muscle.
• Holter Monitor : A portable device that records your heart’s electrical activity over a 24-hour period, useful for diagnosing irregular heart rhythms that may not occur during a brief office visit.
• Cardiac Catheterization : A more invasive procedure that involves threading a thin tube through blood vessels to directly assess blood flow and identify blockages.

5. Discussion of Findings and Treatment Plan

Once the diagnostic tests are complete, the cardiologist will discuss their findings with you. If they identify any heart conditions or concerns, they will explain the diagnosis and recommended treatment options. This is your opportunity to ask questions and fully understand your condition and treatment plan.

6. Follow-Up and Next Steps

Depending on your diagnosis and treatment plan, the cardiologist may schedule follow-up appointments or recommend lifestyle changes, medications, or further interventions. It’s essential to follow your cardiologist’s guidance to manage your heart health effectively.

Reasons for a Cardiology Appointment

Scheduling a cardiology appointment is essential for various reasons related to heart health and overall cardiovascular well-being. There are several common factors that may warrant a visit to a cardiologist to ensure appropriate evaluation, diagnosis, and management of potential cardiac conditions.

One significant reason for a cardiology appointment is experiencing symptoms suggestive of heart disease. These symptoms may include chest pain or discomfort, shortness of breath, palpitations, dizziness, fainting episodes, or unexplained fatigue. Consulting a cardiologist allows for a comprehensive assessment of these symptoms, as they can be indicators of underlying cardiovascular issues such as coronary artery disease, arrhythmias, or heart valve abnormalities.

Symptoms Leading to Referral

When your body sends signals, it’s essential to listen. Common symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, palpitations, dizziness, fainting episodes, or unexplained fatigue can be red flags. They might signify underlying cardiac conditions such as coronary artery disease, arrhythmias, or heart valve abnormalities. A cardiology appointment is your gateway to a thorough evaluation and proper management.

Pre-existing Conditions

Certain pre-existing conditions can significantly impact your heart health, making regular cardiology check-ups a must. Conditions like hypertension, or high blood pressure, require careful monitoring and specialized care to prevent heart disease, stroke, and other complications. Your cardiologist can guide you in controlling hypertension and reducing risks.

Preparing for Your First Appointment

Preparing for your first cardiology appointment can help ensure a productive and informative visit. Here are some steps you can take to make the most of your initial consultation with a cardiologist.

First, gather and organize your medical records and relevant documents. This may include previous test results, imaging reports, medication lists, and a detailed medical history. Having these documents readily available will provide the cardiologist with valuable insights into your health and aid in the evaluation process.

Gather Your Records: Organize your medical records, test results, imaging reports, medication lists, and a detailed medical history. This information will provide crucial insights into your health.

Share Your Story: Be ready to discuss your medical history, including previous cardiovascular conditions, surgeries, and risk factors like family history, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, or smoking history. Transparent communication empowers your cardiologist.

Bring Documentation: Don’t forget to bring any relevant medical records, such as previous test results, ECGs, stress test results, and other pertinent information. These documents are invaluable in crafting your tailored treatment plan.

Post-Appointment Expectations

After your cardiology appointment, it is important to understand what to expect and how to navigate the post-appointment phase to continue your journey towards better cardiovascular health. Here are some post-appointment expectations to keep in mind.

Firstly, you may receive a summary of your appointment, which may include the diagnosis, treatment plan, and any recommended lifestyle modifications or medications. It is crucial to carefully review this summary and ensure that you understand the instructions provided. If you have any questions or concerns, do not hesitate to reach out to your cardiologist for clarification or further guidance.

Review Your Summary : Carefully review the summary, which includes your diagnosis, treatment plan, and recommended lifestyle changes or medications. Reach out to your cardiologist if you have any questions or concerns.

Understanding Test Results : Your cardiologist will help you understand your test results, explaining their implications for your cardiovascular well-being. This discussion forms the foundation for your next steps.

Next Steps and Follow-up : Depending on your condition and test results, further diagnostic evaluations or treatments may be recommended. Following through with these recommendations ensures comprehensive care and optimal heart health.

A cardiology appointment is a crucial step in maintaining or improving your heart health. Understanding the process, from scheduling to follow-up care, can help you make the most of your visit. Remember to be honest and thorough when discussing your medical history and symptoms with the cardiologist.

Additionally, don’t hesitate to ask questions and seek clarification on any aspect of your diagnosis or treatment plan. By actively participating in your heart care, you can work with your cardiologist to ensure a healthier heart and a better quality of life.

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What to Expect at Your Cardiologist Visit

January 23, 2024.

Whether you’re going for a routine visit or addressing specific health issues, knowing what to expect at your cardiologist’s office can help alleviate worries and ensure productive conversation. Andrew Armanious, MD , a cardiologist with Atlantic Health System, explains what a typical first visit to a cardiologist may look like.

1. Medical History Review

To start, you will be asked about your overall health and medical history. Some forms of heart disease are genetic, so understanding if medical conditions or heart problems run in your family is helpful. You’ll also be discussing your lifestyle, diet, exercise habits, and any medications or supplements you are currently taking.

2. Physical Examination

Your cardiologist will perform a physical exam to assess your cardiovascular health. This typically involves checking your blood pressure, pulse, and listening to your heart and lungs for any abnormal sounds or rhythms.

3. Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG)

A simple and painless test called an electrocardiogram will show the electrical activity and rhythm of your heart. Your cardiologist will attach small electrodes to your chest, arms, and legs, to detect an arrhythmia (which is an irregular heartbeat), previous heart attacks, or problems with the electrical system of the heart.

4. Additional Diagnostic Tests

Depending on your symptoms or risk factors, further tests may be prescribed:

• Echocardiogram: This heart ultrasound provides detailed images of the structure and function of your heart chambers and valves.
• Stress Test: This measures how your heart responds to physical activity. It may involve walking on a treadmill. If you have physical limitations, a medication that simulates exercise can be given in place of using a treadmill.
• Rhythm Monitor: Sometimes called a “Holter monitor,” this portable device records your heart’s electrical activity over time to help identify periodic or intermittent abnormalities.
• Blood Tests: Cholesterol panels and blood glucose tests (such as hemoglobin A1C) give your cardiologist a clear picture of your overall cardiovascular health.

5. Discussing Findings and Treatment Plans

If your cardiologist identifies problems or risk factors, they will develop a personalized treatment plan that may include lifestyle modifications, medications, or further interventions. Most times, no significant heart problems are found, but your cardiologist may recommend follow-up visits to prevent heart disease from developing.

“Going to see a doctor can be intimidating, and having symptoms that relate to your heart can be particularly worrisome,” says Dr. Armanious. “However, our goal is to alleviate those worries and to form genuine relationships with you over time to keep you as healthy as possible.”

“Everyone’s circumstances are unique, so the purpose of coming to see us is not simply to run tests and prescribe medications. It is to understand your particular situation and tailor treatment plans to your needs and preferences. Our goal is always the same as yours — making sure your heart stays healthy.”

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What Is a Cardiologist?

Here are some questions that you should ask your heart doctor on your next visit.

This article is based on reporting that features expert sources.

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What is a cardiologist?

Cardiologists are specialists who focus on the prevention and treatment of disorders that affect the heart and blood vessels, says Dr. Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, president of the American Heart Association. He’s also chair of the department of preventive medicine at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine.

Heart disorders include:

• Heart pumping problems (any disorder that affects the heart muscle).
• Heart failure.
• Heart valve problems or other electrical problems.
• Plaque buildup in the arteries that can cause heart attacks and strokes.

“The day-to-day work of a cardiologist focuses specifically on how we can improve patients’ lifestyles to prevent heart disease from developing or worsening,” Lloyd-Jones says.

How is a cardiologist's training different from that of a general practicioner?

General practitioners are trained in internal medicine to think about the whole body; cardiologists must complete that same training – three years of internal medicine – before they can specialize in cardiology.

Cardiologists are internists that do three to four years of additional training focusing on the heart and blood vessels, Lloyd-Jones says.

Within cardiology there are further specialties, such as doctors who specialize in:

• Catheterization lab work, also known as interventional cardiology , to open blocked arteries and implant heart valves.
• Heart failure .
• Rhythm disorders.

“Each specialist is an important member of the team caring for heart patients with a range of needs,” he says.

When talking about specialists who are surgeons it’s important to note that heart surgeons are not cardiologists, and vice versa. “Surgery is a very different training path,” he says. “Cardiac surgeons do general surgery then specialize in cardiac surgery.”

Be prepared to ask your cardiologist lots of questions.

Seeing your primary care doctor for your annual physical or because you're being slammed with a virulent case of the flu is one thing. Visiting a cardiologist for the first time for possible heart issues is another.

About 659,000 people in the U.S. die each year of heart disease, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . That’s 25% of all deaths in the country. “Heart disease is the leading cause of death for men, women and people of most racial and ethnic groups in the United States,” according to the CDC.

"It's intimidating to see a cardiologist for the first time," says Dr. Claire Boccia Liang, director of the Women's Heart Program for Morristown Medical Center , which is part of Atlantic Health System in Morristown, New Jersey. "I recommend patients come with a list of questions . This acts as an ice breaker and can help them remember issues they want to discuss."

Don't feel limited by your initial list – you may have more questions after the initial screening.

Here are eight questions you should ask your cardiologist during your first visit:

1. What are the symptoms of heart disease?

Typical signs of a heart ailment – such as coronary artery disease , angina (chest pain from reduced blood flow to the heart) or a heart attack could include:

• Chest pain or tightness.
• Numbness in the legs or arms.
• Pain in the neck, throat, jaw, upper abdomen or back.

While most people are aware that some, if not all, of these symptoms could be a sign of a heart ailment, many patients may not know about atypical symptoms, says Dr. Julie Ramos, a cardiologist who works for AdventHealth Ocala in Ocala, Florida.

Atypical symptoms of heart disease could include:

• Leg swelling.
• Shortness of breath.

If you're experiencing symptoms that could be a sign of a heart issue, seek medical attention as soon as you can.

2. Questions to ask your doctor about a-fib

Atrial fibrillation – also known as afib or af – is the most common heart rhythm abnormality, says Dr. Kristen K. Patton, chair of the American Heart Association’s Council on Clinical Cardiology. She’s also a professor of medicine at the University of Washington and an electrophysiologist.

During afib , the upper chambers of the heart pump irregularly. This arrhythmia is associated with stroke and heart failure. “The greatest risk of afib is stroke,” Patton says. “If you have afib, you’re up to five times more likely to have a stroke than someone who doesn’t have the condition.”

Afib can also lead to heart failure due to the weakening of the heart muscle.

Symptoms of afib include:

• A “thumping” feeling in the chest.
• Irregular, rapid heartbeat.

3. How is afib diagnosed?

Afib is often diagnosed with an electrocardiogram , but since episodes come and go unpredictably, your cardiologist may require rhythm monitoring with a Holter monitor (a portable electrocardiogram device) worn over a period of days to weeks, Patton says.

Some people use a smartwatch or an app to diagnose afib, but these diagnoses require confirmation by a clinician since algorithms can be incorrect.

4. Are there ways I can reduce my risk of developing afib or of having frequent episodes?

Research suggests a host of cardiovascular conditions can contribute to or exacerbate afib.

These conditions include:

• A prior heart attack.
• High blood pressure .
• Sleep apnea.

Keeping your blood pressure control is one of the most important ways to prevent afib, Patton says. Getting diagnosed and treated for sleep apnea could also reduce your risk of afib.

Other habits that can help you minimize your risk include:

• Exercising regularly.
• Maintaining a healthy weight .
• Minimizing intake of alcoholic beverages or abstaining completely.
• Practicing mindfulness meditation or yoga .

5. How will my family history affect my heart health diagnosis?

Heart disease risk factors are closely linked to your family health history and genetics, says Dr. Garth Graham, director and global head of healthcare and public health partnerships at YouTube and a past president of the Aetna Foundation, which provides funding to nonprofits nationwide to carry out health initiatives.

"Think of your family history as a visual for your cardiologist to evaluate environment and genetics where diseases occurred," Graham says. "Be sure to identify first-degree members of your family that have been diagnosed with ischemic heart disease (which is caused by narrow heart arteries) or (who) died suddenly before the age of 55 if they are men, and 65 if they were women."

It's particularly important for African-Americans and Latinos to provide such information, because people in these groups, some of whom live in medically underserved areas, face higher risks for:

• High blood pressure.
• High cholesterol .

If you don't know the full medical history of your family, start by asking your immediate family members. Find out if your parents, grandparents or siblings had heart disease or stroke, and if so – how old they were when they were diagnosed, and share the information you learn with your cardiologist.

6. What can I do to minimize my risk of heart problems?

Even if you have a family history of heart issues, “there’s a lot an individual can do to mitigate their risk,” says Dr. Rigved Tadwalkar, a board-certified cardiologist at Providence Saint John's Health Center in Santa Monica, California.

These are steps you can take to mitigate your risk of heart problems:

• Avoid red meat and processed meats – or eat them sparingly. These foods are high in saturated fat, which is unhealthy for the heart.
• Consume alcohol moderately or abstain from it. Research suggests that heavy alcohol use may contribute to heart problems.
• Follow a heart-healthy diet , like the Mediterranean diet, which is rich in fruits, vegetables and whole grains . For protein, consume beans , lentils and quinoa. Dark chocolate is also a good choice in moderation; it contains flavanols, which are compounds that have antioxidant-like qualities. Research suggests that consumption of flavanols boosts antioxidant activity in the body, and this reduces inflammation . Antioxidants are compounds that research suggests prevent free radicals from damaging healthy cells.
• Exercise regularly. The CDC recommends that you engage in 150 minutes of moderate physical activity, and 75 minutes of vigorous activity per week. Moderate physical activity includes brisk walking, and vigorous exercise includes jogging or running. The CDC also recommends doing muscle-strengthening exercises at least twice a week.

7. Should I take a daily aspirin? What are the benefits and the risks?

If someone has had a heart attack or stroke, they generally should take a baby aspirin daily. Aspirin thins the blood, which helps prevent blood clots from forming. That provides a fairly significant benefit to reduce recurrent problems that outweighs any risks, says Dr. Amit Khera, a professor of medicine and director of preventive cardiology at UT Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas.

However, most people who have not had a heart attack or stroke before should avoid taking aspirin to prevent one of these events. This is because on average, aspirin can cause more major bleeding problems than it can prevent heart attacks or strokes for these individuals.

"For those that have not previously had a heart attack and stroke, aspirin lowers the risk of heart attacks by about 11% but increases the risk of major bleeding by about 43%," Khera says. "There are some people whose risk of a heart attack is higher and who are at low bleeding risk, who may still consider an aspirin. But that should only be low dose, 81 milligrams a day, and in discussions with their doctor."

8. What should my ideal blood pressure be?

Normal blood pressure is less than 120 systolic (the top number) and less than 80 diastolic (the bottom number), Khera says. Systolic blood pressure measures the force of your heartbeat on the walls of your arteries. Diastolic blood pressure measures the reduced force on the arteries when your heart relaxes.

“When someone’s blood pressure is elevated above that, they should always start with lifestyle interventions, because they make a big difference,” Khera says.

Certain over-the- counter medications, such as NSAIDs, can also raise blood pressure. Such changes could include adopting new eating habits, such as the DASH diet , which emphasizes foods that lower blood pressure :

Cardiologists can also treat high blood pressure by prescribing certain types of medications for hypertension , including:

• ACE inhibitors. These medications block the body from producing a hormone, angiotensin II, which causes blood vessels to narrow.
• Diuretics. These help your kidney get rid of fluid.
• Calcium channel blockers. Muscles require calcium to flow in and out of muscle cells. This type of medication helps block calcium from reaching the smooth muscle cells of blood vessels and the heart. This in turn allows the heart to beat with less force, decreasing blood pressure.

9. How do I find a cardiologist near me?

There are a number of ways to find a cardiologist near you, says Dr. Michael Chan, director of complex coronary interventions and chronic total occlusion at Providence St. Jude Medical Center in Orange County, California.

You can find a cardiologist near you by:

• Getting a referral from your primary health care provider.
• Obtaining a referral from trusted relatives or friends.
• Reading your health insurance company's list of in-network cardiologists.
• Reading the websites of medical practices with cardiologists, some of which include patient reviews.

Questions you should ask your cardiologist:

• What are the symptoms of heart disease?
• What is atrial fibrillation?
• How is afib diagnosed?
• Are there ways I can reduce my risk of developing afib or of having frequent episodes?
• How will my family history affect my heart health diagnosis?
• What can I do to minimize my risk of heart problems?
• Should I take a daily aspirin? What are the benefits and risks?
• What should my ideal blood pressure be?
• How do I find a cardiologist near me?

More From U.S. News

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The U.S. News Health team delivers accurate information about health, nutrition and fitness, as well as in-depth medical condition guides. All of our stories rely on multiple, independent sources and experts in the field, such as medical doctors and licensed nutritionists. To learn more about how we keep our content accurate and trustworthy, read our  editorial guidelines .

Chan is director of complex coronary interventions and chronic total occlusion at Providence St. Jude Medical Center in Orange County, California.

Graham is director and global head of healthcare and public health partnerships at Google/YouTube and a past president of the Aetna Foundation, which provides funding to nonprofits nationwide to carry out health initiatives.

Lloyd-Jones is resident of the American Heart Association and chair of the department of preventive medicine at Northwestern Medicine in Chicago.

Khera is a professor of medicine and director of preventive cardiology at UT Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas.

Patton is chair of the American Heart Association’s Council on Clinical Cardiology. She’s also a professor of medicine at the University of Washington and an electrophysiologist.

Ramos is a cardiologist who works for AdventHealth Ocala in Ocala, Florida.

Tadwalkar is a board-certified cardiologist at Providence Saint John's Health Center in Santa Monica, California.

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Preparing for Your Health Visit

In order to maximize the interaction between you and your cardiologist at your next visit, it is best to come prepared. There are materials you should bring with you and ways you should prepare for your appointment. Here are some tips for a more meaningful visit:

• Always bring a list of your current medications . A sheet of paper with all your current medications written out or typed out (including name, dose, and frequency of use) is an invaluable resource for your cardiologist. A list of any medication allergies is also helpful. Having these pieces of information written out helps ensure accuracy in your medical record.
• Carry a list of your health care providers  including name, address, telephone number, and condition being followed. This will help ensure that communication between your cardiologist and all of your other care providers is complete.
• Compile a list of your past health history . Important to include are any surgical procedures (with at least approximate dates), a list of any major prior or ongoing illnesses/health issues, and a list of any major tests, especially if performed within the last year. Knowing past health events can help the physician make a diagnosis or prescribe the best course of treatment.
• Compile a family health history of close blood relatives . This includes brothers, sisters, parents, grandparents, aunts, uncles, and children. From a cardiology perspective, what you are especially interested in finding out is whether any of your relatives have been diagnosed with heart disease, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, or aneurysm. Knowing when any of your relatives passed away and cause of death is also important. A family history of health events can provide clues as to what illnesses/conditions you may be at risk for developing.
• If you have them, bring in copies of any recent lab results and any other test results from the past year , especially if the testing took place with a different health care provider. This will help avoid duplicating tests unnecessarily.
• Find out more about your condition before your appointment . Having a better understanding of your condition ahead of time will allow you to have a more meaningful discussion with your physician.
• Write down a list of the questions you have about your condition and bring it with you to the appointment. You might want to pick the top three or four concerns you would like to have addressed during your visit. Even though this might seem silly, it is easy to get sidetracked during a health visit. Write down ahead of time what pieces of information you want to leave with.
• Keep yourself organized. Putting all this data into a folder is a good idea so it’s easy to access during your visit.
• Don’t take anything for granted. Although information systems are getting better, and communication between systems is improving, you are still the most reliable repository of your health care record. Keep your copy accurate and up-to-date.

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11 Questions You Should Ask Your Cardiologist During Your First Visit

Prepare to ask your cardiologist lots of questions.

Seeing your primary care doctor for your annual physical or because you're being slammed with a virulent case of the flu is one thing. Visiting a cardiologist for the first time for possible heart issues is another. Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the U.S. for men and women, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: About 610,000 people die of heart disease in the U.S. annually. "It's intimidating to see a cardiologist for the first time," says Dr. Claire Boccia Liang, director of the Women's Heart Program for Morristown Medical Center, which is part of Atlantic Health System in Morristown, New Jersey. "I recommend patients come with a list of questions. This acts as an ice breaker and can help them remember issues they want to discuss." Don't feel limited by your list -- you may have more questions after the initial screening. Here are 11 questions you should ask your cardiologist during your first visit:

What symptoms are typical for heart disease?

While most people are aware that chest pain or pressure could be a sign of a heart ailment , many patients may not know about atypical symptoms, says Dr. Julie Ramos, a cardiologist with ColumbiaDoctors in New York City. Atypical symptoms of heart disease could include shortness of breath, fatigue, dizziness and leg swelling, she says. It's important to keep in mind that men and women often have different symptoms, says Dr. Gerald Fletcher, a cardiologist at the Mayo Clinic Jacksonville in Jacksonville, Florida, and a spokesman for the American Heart Association. For example, men often report what Fletcher describes as classic symptoms such as chest pressure that may go down the arm and increase with physical activity or anxiety. Meanwhile, women may say they have a "funny feeling in the chest" or describe feelings like skipped heartbeats, he says.

What tests are you ordering?

It's important for patients to be their own advocate, which includes understanding why your physician is ordering certain tests , says Dr. Phil Adamson, a former cardiologist at Oklahoma Heart Hospital in Oklahoma City and medical director of Abbott, a global health care company that makes medical products. "Understanding why the cardiologist is taking a certain approach, such as ordering an exercise test, an imaging test or a more invasive exam, allows patients to ask more questions about what to expect, which can provide peace of mind," Adamson says.

What is my ideal waist circumference?

Your optimal weight depends on your height and build, says Dr. Richard Wright, a cardiologist at Providence St. John's Health Center in Santa Monica, California. A better question might be, "What is my ideal waist circumference?" he explains. That's because abdominal fat increases the likelihood of a future heart attack , so reducing the size of your belly is crucial. The average American woman should measure 35 inches or less in maximum girth around the waist. The typical American man should have a maximal girth of 40 inches or less. This measurement is not the same as your waist size, which you use to determine what size pants to wear. "This measurement includes the love handles and is usually above where individuals typically wear their belt," Wright says. A high weight circumference is associated with an increased risk for Type 2 diabetes , hypertension and dyslipidemia, which is an abnormal amount of fat in the blood, according to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, which is one of the National Institutes of Health.

What should my ideal blood pressure be?

A blood pressure of less than 120/80 mmHg is considered optimal for most adults, Ramos says. High blood pressure can lead to a heart attack and an array of other serious health issues, including aneurysms , stroke and your ability to think, remember and learn, according to the Mayo Clinic. You can fight high blood pressure by making lifestyle changes, such as exercising regularly , limiting excess consumption of alcohol, getting as close as possible to your ideal body weight and eating a healthy diet with less salt. One approach to healthier eating is the DASH diet , which stands for Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension.

How low should my LDL or "bad" cholesterol be?

Low-density lipoprotein, or "bad" cholesterol, is associated with an increased risk of heart disease because leftover LDL is deposited into your blood vessels. Doctors in the past recommended specific ranges for LDL. Today, they consider LDL levels as one of many factors in evaluating cardiovascular risk, according to the American Heart Association. The lower your LDL , the better, says Dr. Edgar Carell, a cardiologist with the AMITA Health Heart & Vascular Institute in the Chicago area. "We want this number to be less than 70 [per deciliter of blood] for most people," he says. You can get your LDL down through diet, exercise and medication.

Should I take a daily aspirin?

Taking a low-dose (81 milligram) aspirin daily -- at the direction of your physician -- can help stop tiny blood cells, or platelets, from sticking together and forming clots that can clause your arteries to clog, according to the Mayo Clinic. This could help prevent a heart attack. Your physician may recommend daily aspirin therapy if you have diabetes or another risk factor like high blood pressure; if you're a man age 50 or older or a woman older than 60; or if you've already had a heart attack or stroke. "Statins reduce levels of fats in the blood and can be extremely beneficial in maintaining heart health," says Dr. Powell Jose, a cardiologist at Sutter Medical Center in Sacramento, California. A daily regimen of low-dose aspirin isn't for everyone; Wright warns that it may increase the risk of bleeding for some people, and is not recommended for cardiovascular risk reduction in healthy people.

Are there activities I should avoid?

To boost and maintain your heart health, there are few, if any activities that are harmful, Wright says. "However, if you have a potentially life-threatening disease like cancer or blocked arteries that have not been treated with medication or procedures, then aerobic activities might be harmful," he adds. "You should discuss this with your physician."

How will my family history affect my diagnosis?

Heart disease risk factors and probability are closely linked to your family health history and genetics, says Dr. Garth Graham, president of the Aetna Foundation, which provides funding to nonprofits nationwide to carry out health initiatives. "Think of your family history as a visual for your cardiologist to evaluate environment and genetics where diseases occurred," Graham says. "Be sure to identify first-degree members of your family that have been diagnosed with ischemic heart disease or died suddenly before the age of 55 if they are men and 65 if they were women." It's particularly important for African-Americans and Latinos to provide such information, because people in these groups, some of whom live in medically underserved areas , face higher risks for high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes and stroke , he adds. If you don't know the full medical history of your family, start by asking your immediate family members. Find out if your parents, grandparents or siblings had heart disease or stroke and how old they were when they were diagnosed.

How will my personal health history affect my diagnosis?

It's important for your cardiologist to know whether you've experienced symptoms of heart trouble, such as fatigue, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing when lying down and rapid or irregular heartbeats. "Be sure to share any major prior or ongoing illnesses or diseases you've experienced," Graham says. "Give your cardiologist the details: how long ago it was, how long it lasted and any medications you took during that time. The same thing goes for surgical procedures. Share results from any recent lab tests or doctor visits."

What can I do to fight heart disease?

While you can't do anything about your family history, there are specific strategies for mitigating other risk factors for heart disease , says Dr. Julio Panza, chief of cardiology at the Westchester Medical Center Health Network in Valhalla, New York. Hypertension, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking and diabetes are among the risk factors that you can mitigate, he says. "To treat high blood pressure and cholesterol, patients should follow a healthy lifestyle by exercising regularly and eating a heart-healthy diet low in fat and sodium and take appropriate medications if needed," Panza says. "In terms of smoking, patients should quit entirely. For diabetes, patients should keep their blood sugar under tight control with diet, exercise and, if needed, medication."

What resources are available to help me understand and boost my heart health?

Inquire whether support groups, websites and mobile apps may provide you with additional background about your heart health and strategies for protecting it, says Dr. Sitaramesh Emani, a cardiologist at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center. Marshaling every resource available can lead to better outcomes, Emani says.

Ruben Castaneda is a Health & Wellness reporter at U.S. News. He previously covered the crime beat in Washington, D.C. and state and federal courts in suburban Maryland, and he's the author of the book "S Street Rising: Crack, Murder and Redemption in D.C." You can follow him on Twitter , connect with him at LinkedIn or email him at [email protected].

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Heart Health 101: Everything You Need to Know About Seeing a Cardiologist

Courtesy of Getty Images

A cardiologist visit brings with it a series of tests and check-ins to ensure there’s nothing concerning regarding a patient’s heart health — or what the next steps might be if they find a problem.

Whether you’ve been referred by your family doctor or you’ve made an appointment on your own, you’re probably wondering what to expect during your first cardiology visit (and beyond). At Trinity Health Mid-Atlantic , doctors including Deon Vigilance, MD, a cardiac surgeon and Sunil Dhar, MD, an interventional cardiologist at Nazareth Hospital, work to deliver the best care possible to their patients.  

Here, they explain everything you need to know about seeing a cardiologist, what you’ll experience throughout the process and how you can play your part to get back to a clean bill of heart health. 

What Happens at Your First Cardiologist Visit?

During your first cardiology appointment, your cardiologist will order tests as a first step to help with their diagnosis. That might mean an electrocardiogram to check the rhythm of your heart, checking oxygen and cholesterol levels, or ordering bloodwork to gather data and help your diagnosis.

Your cardiologist will ask you about your health habits: whether you’re a smoker, your daily diet, and how much you exercise. They’ll also record your vital signs — heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature and oxygen levels, to name a few. Plus, they’ll ask you about your family history and any medications you’re currently taking.  

“We spend several minutes during a visit asking and answering questions,” Dr. Vigilance says. “We want to provide as much information as needed upfront in case patients don’t know to ask a certain question.”

Communication is Key

When you visit a cardiologist, both Dr. Dhar and Dr. Vigilance say that it’s important for you to share as much as possible with your doctor. At the same time, Dr. Dhar says that there’s an emphasis on communicating in simple terms.

“We recognize that patients are going through this for the first time and there’s shock involved,” Dr. Vigilance says. “We try to create a comforting environment and educate them on their disease process. From there, we explain the risks and outcomes should we decide they need surgery.”

Ideally, the best case scenario out of a visit to a cardiologist is to avoid surgery. But if you do need surgery, then your cardiologist will guide you through that process.  

The most common heart surgery is a cardiac bypass, which is usually performed when a cardiologist identifies blockages or increased risk factors for weakened heart function. Trinity Health Mid-Atlantic also uses advanced technology like robotics to perform cardiac or cardiothoracic surgery to make sure the process runs as efficiently as possible. 

Dr. Vigilance says that having these opportunities presents a major advantage and assists in explaining to patients how he addresses valve issues, blocked arteries or treating someone who has had an aneurysm. 

“There’s a lot of different factors to consider,” Dr. Vigilance says. “We want to make sure your lungs are functioning properly if you’re a smoker. We take a look at your lab results and evaluate your kidney function and blood count. These are all variables that help us determine how and where to operate.”

Maintaining a Relationship with Your Cardiologist

Courtesy of Trinity Health Mid-Atlantic

Having an issue with your heart can be a scary time. That’s why the doctors you come to see will listen to your concerns and send you on the right path in your heart health journey.

“Ultimately, the goal is always to provide a safe environment for us to consult with patients, and, if necessary, proceed with the procedures we do on those patients,” Dr. Vigilance says. “We have a specific process in place to minimize the risk to our patients and commit ourselves to improving their overall health outcomes.”

What’s more, Dr. Vigilance is especially active in the areas he serves — he’s a leader in community outreach organizations — and has a philosophy of care to meet people where they are.

“If someone comes to me with a problem in the community, and I don’t have the expertise in that area, we’re able to make a phone call and find the right specialist to meet their needs,” Dr. Vigilance says. 

When you go to a Trinity Health Mid-Atlantic facility, you’ll also be treated by a health system that is working to train the next generation of doctors. For example, beginning this July, Nazareth Hospital’s community-based cardiology training fellowship program will be available to doctors who are interested in becoming cardiologists and are already board-certified in internal medicine. Trainees will be exposed to classroom-based learning and observe procedures in the operating room.

“Through our fellowship program, we’ve partnered with surgical and tertiary care centers in the area to deal with the surgical aspects of cardiovascular disease,” says Thomas S. Metkus, M.D., the Chief of Cardiology at Trinity Health Mid-Atlantic who works at Nazareth hospital. “We are proud to provide this full service of both diagnostic and therapeutic cardiovascular care to our local communities.”

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8 questions to ask your cardiologist

How to get the most out of your appointment

Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the U.S., but it is often preventable and treatable. Your cardiologist may be your most important provider.

Whether you see a cardiologist regularly, or you’re just starting to, it’s important to make the most of each appointment.

Coming prepared by writing down questions before your visit can lead to a more productive appointment.

Here are a few questions you may want to consider.

1. Am I at risk of heart problems in the future?

Your cardiologist will evaluate your current health and understand your risk for future heart disease, stroke, and other concerns. Knowing your risk will help you make lifestyle changes to improve your heart health.

2. What tests are you ordering?

Knowing why your cardiologist is ordering a test allows you to ask more questions and better prepare for each test and your next appointment. 

3. What should my blood pressure be?

Knowing your ideal blood pressure   will help you monitor any changes if you take your own blood pressure at home. 

4. Are there any activities I should avoid?

Exercise is good for your overall health, but if you have heart disease your cardiologist may want you to avoid certain activities.

5. How does my family history affect me?

Heart disease risk factors are closely linked to your family history. Knowing if anyone in your family has had heart disease will help your cardiologist better diagnose and manage your care. 

6. How does my cholesterol affect my heart?

Cholesterol is associated with increased risk of heart disease. Talk to your cardiologist about what your ideal cholesterol levels should be.

7. What treatment options are available?

Knowing what treatment options are available for you will give you an idea of what medication, procedures, or lifestyle changes you may need in the future. 

8. What symptoms indicate my condition is worsening?

Symptoms of heart disease vary across different conditions and people. It’s important your provider goes over all warning signs specific to you. 

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He went into a public toilet. He came out with a health check

Would you pay $2.75 for a health check whenever you feel like it?

That was the spontaneous experience enjoyed by Shanghai resident Chris Petersen-Clausen when he visited a public restroom in a shopping center.

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He positioned himself at a urinal. The urinal had a screen offering a urine test right there. 

As he described on TwitterX: "I know what you're thinking: A Chinese company -- what about privacy? Truth be told -- I am middle-aged and haven't had a health check in a while. I'm more worried about knowing everything is OK and the convenience is unbeatable. I'm finally actually doing what I know I should."

The process sounds blessedly simple. You pay your 19.90 Yuan (about $2.75) via WeChat , offer up some personal details and -- remarkably soon -- get details of your chemical innards, such as Vitamin C and nitrite levels.

Said Petersen-Clausen: "Before I even made it down the escalator, I had my results."

The results showed he lacked calcium, but was otherwise a rather healthy human being. 

Petersen-Clausen is a celebrated freelance cameraman and documentary directo r, a Werner Herzog in the making. He once traveled with former NBA great Dennis Rodman to North Korea and took some famous pictures.

And, full disclaimer here, he used to work for me as an art director in New York. So I contacted him to ask more about the whole experience.

"I did not know about these urinals. I just stumbled over them in a shopping mall and got curious," he told me.

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Who, though, might make the most use of this service?

"I feel the target audience is the chainsmoking forklift driver who never gets a checkup. I like the idea of them finding out there is something they should see a doctor about and being saved that way," he said.

The psychology of this technology is very persuasive. It brings health monitoring to the people, rather than the people having to -- in many cases -- pluck up the courage to see a doctor. The sheer surprise of discovering the health check machine on the urinal is disarming too.

The instructions.

Indeed, Petersen-Clausen was so moved by his first test that he thought he'd try it again to see if his calcium levels had diminished.

He said: "A few days later I stumbled over another of these urinals and did another test. Apparently, I had been drinking enough milk by then. The tests seem to be rather comprehensive as well."

The results.

As more people use Apple Watches to monitor aspects of their health , one can imagine that this sort of technology might swiftly be embraced.

"I don't think this shall replace a visit to your doctor but it might very well prompt one. A cardiologist told me that thanks to Apple Watches he now saw more people before they had heart attacks," said Petersen-Clausen.

Of course, there's always the privacy concern -- and it's not a small one. There'll be those who worry that such public health checks -- even if run by a private company -- might quietly betray their data. Some might worry, too, that the technology could monitor for other substances -- the less-than-legal or merely frowned-upon kinds -- that their bodies may contain.

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The fear of trust betrayed is never far away. Does an all-clear from a machine in a public restroom offer a false sense of well-being?

But we all want to live a little longer and we know we need certain data input to make that happen.

Anything that makes it easier to discover that data may seem to many -- as it did to Petersen-Clausen -- like a very good thing.

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2024 NFL Draft: Titans explain why they chose T'Vondre Sweat No. 38 overall despite recent DWI arrest

Tennessee's brass even took a trip to visit sweat and his family.

The Tennessee Titans added one of the biggest offensive linemen in the draft with JC Latham at No. 7 overall, and followed it up by selecting one of the biggest defensive linemen in the draft with T'Vondre Sweat out of Texas.

The 2023 Outland Trophy winner was also a unanimous All-American this past season, and was named the Defensive Big 12 Player of the Year. Sweat is a talent, but he was expected to fall down teams' draft boards due to off-field issues.

Earlier this month, Sweat was arrested on a misdemeanor charge of driving while intoxicated. That same week after being released from jail, he was off to Nashville to visit with the Titans.

After making the selection, Titans general manager Ran Carthon explained to reporters why Tennessee decided to spend a top 40 pick on Sweat. He said they spent a lot of time talking about Sweat's mistake, and the Titans brass, including head coach Brian Callahan, even flew to Sweat's hometown to visit with him. Carthon said the Titans had tough conversations with Sweat and his family about the poor decision he made. Ultimately, all of their research led to the Titans feeling comfortable enough to select Sweat. 

Check out all that Carthon said, here:

. @TexasFootball DT T’Vondre Sweat’s first visit after his DWI was with the @Titans . The team asked him tough questions, and also sent a big contingent to meet with Sweat in his hometown to spend time with him and his family to vet the situation to their satisfaction. pic.twitter.com/tOINGZP4fv — Jim Wyatt (@jwyattsports) April 27, 2024

In 14 games played last year, Sweat recorded 45 total tackles, eight tackles for loss, two sacks and four passes defended. He and All-Pro defensive tackle Jeffery Simmons could form quite the dynamic duo on the inside. Sweat is about 360 pounds, but said on Friday he wants to get down into the 350s. If he does, Sweat believes " most likely I am going to be a Hall of Famer ."

CBS Sports NFL Draft expert Chris Trapasso graded the Sweat pick a "C-."

"Monstrous NT who finally demonstrated a glimmer of pass-rush capability with hand work as a senior. Not as good against the run or double teams as his size indicates. Probably two-down player in the NFL . Tennessee did need more size inside along the DL, but this is too early for a limited player."

( For CBS Sports' NFL Draft tracker, click here )

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Congress approved a TikTok ban. Why it could still be years before it takes effect.

TikTok’s fate in the U.S. has never been more in doubt after Congress approved a bill that gives its parent company two options: sell it to an approved buyer or see it banned.

President Joe Biden signed the legislation into law on Wednesday. 

But it could take years for the TikTok ban to actually go into effect, since its Chinese-owned parent company, ByteDance, is likely to challenge the statute in court. 

And even if it survives a legal challenge, no one is quite sure what would happen next. 

How soon could a potential ban take effect?

It would probably be several years from now.

According to the statute’s language, ByteDance would have nine months to divest and find an American buyer for TikTok once the bill is signed into law. 

On top of that, the president can push back the deadline by an additional 90 days. 

That means, without a sale, the soonest TikTok could shut down in the U.S. would be more than one year from now.  

But it’s more complicated than that. 

If ByteDance sues to block the implementation of the statute — which it has said it would do — the bill will be taken up by the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals, according to Isaac Boltansky, director of policy for the financial services firm BTIG.

Boltansky said ByteDance would file a suit no later than this fall. And while the case is under judicial review, the “clock” on any ban is effectively paused, he said. 

Once the D.C. court issues its ruling, whichever side loses is likely to request a review by the U.S. Supreme Court.

That would forestall the ban by another year — meaning nothing would go into effect until 2026, Boltansky said.

TikTok will argue that the ban is unconstitutional and that it’s also taken steps to protect American users’ data. The app has already launched an aggressive lobbying campaign, featuring a number of small-business owners and influencers who say it's their lifeblood.

“We have got to make enough noise so that they don’t take away our voice,” TikTok user @dadlifejason, who has 13.8 million followers, says in a TikTok ad shared on social media.

What about finding a buyer?

The bill stipulates that TikTok can continue to operate in the U.S. if ByteDance sells the app to a U.S.-approved firm. 

While large U.S. tech companies would love to get their hands on the platform, Boltansky said that Biden administration regulators — not to mention GOP critics of Big Tech firms — have no interest in expanding the power, reach or influence of such companies.  

Some other outside groups might emerge. At least one led by Steve Mnuchin, who was Treasury secretary in the Trump administration, has already sought to make a bid, telling CNBC in March that he was putting together an investor group . The Wall Street Journal has also reported that former Activision Blizzard CEO Bobby Kotick was looking for potential buyer partners. While ByteDance, which owns other companies, is worth hundreds of billions of dollars, TikTok would fetch less than that, experts say — especially if it is sold without its powerful recommendation algorithm.  

But Boltansky believes ByteDance is unlikely to agree to any kind of sale. The Chinese government has said as much, arguing that it regards the algorithm as a national security asset. And without that, TikTok becomes much less appealing to potential buyers.    

So is TikTok in the U.S. going away?

It might — but the ultimate impact may be limited. The fact is, most TikTok users already have a presence on other platforms, so the impact on their livelihoods to the extent that they operate businesses on TikTok could be limited.

According to a survey from the financial services group Wedbush, approximately 60% of TikTok user respondents said they’d simply migrate to Instagram (or Facebook) in the event of a sale, while 19% said they’d go to YouTube. 

Analysts with financial services company Bernstein arrived at similar estimates. In a note to clients, they forecast that Meta, which owns Instagram and Facebook, would take over as much as 60% of TikTok’s U.S. ad revenue, with YouTube gaining 25%. Snapchat would also benefit, they said. 

Why did lawmakers feel they needed to take this drastic step?

Boltansky said many political pundits remain surprised that the bill got over the finish line. But a wave of anxiety about both Chinese influence and the impact of social media on youth converged to get it passed.

“This has been noteworthy,” Boltansky said. “Everyone is so conditioned to D.C. doing nothing or the bare minimum to keep the lights on.”

As tensions with Beijing have grown, congressional lawmakers, along with top law enforcement officials, have warned that TikTok is controlled by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and is a national security threat to the United States.

“It screams out with national security concerns,” FBI Director Christopher Wray testified on Capitol Hill last year

U.S. officials fear that the Chinese government is using TikTok to access data from, and spy on, its American users, spreading disinformation and conspiracy theories.

It felt like a TikTok ban was moving slowly, then quickly. What happened?

The House passed its standalone TikTok bill on a big bipartisan vote in March. But the Senate appeared in no hurry to take up the measure as Commerce Chair Maria Cantwell, D-Wash., drafted her own legislation.

That all changed when Speaker Mike Johnson, R-La., working with the White House, rolled out his $95 billion foreign aid supplemental plan last week that included billions of dollars for Ukraine, Israel and Taiwan. 

Included in that sweeping aid package: the House’s TikTok bill, with some minor changes. Johnson pushed the package through his chamber, then sent the House on a recess, forcing the Senate to take it or leave it.

Rather than further delay the critical, long-stalled military and humanitarian aid, the Democratic-controlled Senate is moving to quickly pass the package — including the TikTok bill and other Johnson priorities.

Rob Wile is a breaking business news reporter for NBC News Digital.

Scott Wong is a senior congressional reporter for NBC News.

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Interviews, a history lesson and football: what awaits people sent to Rwanda by UK?

Authorities in Kigali say ‘we are ready’ to accommodate refugees as Rishi Sunak’s plan moves closer

Daily interviews, an orientation session and football: this is what awaits refugees scheduled to land in Rwanda as part of the UK’s migration plan.

Some asylum seekers will be taken to the Hope hostel – a 20-minute drive from Kigali international airport – where they will be fed, taught about the country’s history and be allowed to walk past the armed security guards to stretch their legs.

“We have designated even smoking places,” said the hostel manager, Ismael Bakina.

This may soon be the reality for some, after Rishi Sunak’s vision for sending asylum seekers to Kigali became one step closer to being realised after legislation passed this week . The prime minister later said “nothing will stand in our way” when it comes to flying people out – and promised planes would be in the air within 12 weeks.

The Rwandan government said it was ready to meet that timeframe, with all arrangements in place. After all, the government has been waiting since 2022, when the agreement was signed.

“We are ready and even if asylum seekers arrive here tomorrow, we shall receive them and accommodate them,” said Alain Mukuralinda, the deputy government spokesperson.

After arriving at Kigali airport they would be taken straight to the hostel, he said. It is not clear how many people will be on the first flight.

The 50-room facility looks like any other hotel – elegant, well-painted and with fresh bedding – except for the security cameras in every corner.

Speaking to the Guardian in Kigali two days after the bill was passed, Bakina said the first step would be accommodating the arrivals. Their rooms will already be cleaned. After resting a bit they would be given three meals a day, he said.

Next, there would be orientation. In addition, “we shall offer them internet services”.

Bakina said that after a few days, when people were settled, the activity of processing their papers would begin – from tents that have already been erected. Briefings about Rwanda as a country, and what services they would receive while there, would follow.

This place would be a temporary shelter for about three months, government officials said. Bakina said interviews would be conducted on a daily basis but people would be free to engage in activities such as football, basketball or volleyball.

Those who do not want to eat what is prepared in the main kitchen can go for food outside the hostel – or prepare their own.

Rooms will be cleaned each day and there will be two categories of security guards – with some armed and others not.

At the hostel, there will be translators of different languages including English and Arabic. Every day in the evening, a red-carpeted prayer room has been reserved for those who wish to worship.

“This is not a prison or detention centre. The migrants will go everywhere they want to go including visiting the city centre,” Bakina said. Government officials say within three months, activities will focus on processing people’s documents.

For example, those who want to remain in Rwanda will be allowed to do so and officials say they will also help those who wish to return to their home countries.

However, after five years, people will have to start looking after themselves. The government said that after three months or so, people will be taken to live in permanent houses alongside Rwandans.

It is not yet known how much each arrival will be given for upkeep, but the government said it would take full responsibility for their welfare – including providing healthcare.

Those who are educated would look for jobs, Mukuralinda said. But some Rwandans wonder where they will find jobs when graduates in Kigali have failed to find employment.

“I am a graduate from the University of Butare but have been looking for a job for seven years in vain,” one former student said. Mukuralinda said the arrivals would never be held back by Rwandan culture as they are free to practise their own culture or beliefs.

“In Rwanda, we don’t segregate but those who will be attracted to our culture are welcome,” Mukurinda said.

Corruption is not as widespread as in other neighbouring countries. But poverty is still rampant, with most people still surviving on subsistence agriculture.

Mukuralinda said those who claimed Rwanda was not safe had been proved wrong after the UK government finally approved the sending of refugees.

The Rwandan opposition leader, Frank Habineza – who initially opposed the idea of sending asylum seekers to Rwanda, citing limited economic opportunities – said: “Since this agreement has become a law, we cannot oppose it but our government should respect the law and the rights of the migrants.”

After the bill was passed this week, the Rwandan government spokesperson, Yolande Makolo, said: “We are pleased that the bill has been passed by the UK parliament. However, it doesn’t alter what we have always known to be true: we have worked hard over the last 30 years to make Rwanda a safe and secure country for Rwandans and non-Rwandans alike.”

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