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Sustainable tourism: A driving force of job creation, economic growth and development

On the eve of the T20 Ministers’ meeting in China, ILO Tourism Specialist Lucie Servoz explains how sustainable tourism can be a driving force for decent work, economic growth and sustainable development.

Contributing to poverty reduction

Four key steps.

• Strengthening the sector’s linkages with related sectors in its supply chain (e.g. agriculture, handicrafts, transports, infrastructure, construction,) while supporting and promoting an integrated approach and local sourcing.
• Reinforcing initiatives to promote employment creation at local level, including in rural areas, contributing to social and economic development and poverty reduction though social inclusion, regional integration and expansion of local incomes.
• Investing into skills development and vocational education and training, and improving working conditions to enhance the sector’s image and service quality, bearing in mind that the skills level, professionalism, commitment, loyalty and soft skills of workers are key for competitiveness.
• Strengthening social dialogue mechanisms and collective bargaining. These can enhance working conditions, career prospects and job security to the benefit of the workers, and make it easier for companies to better respond to the needs and demands of the labour market.

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How Does Tourism Create Jobs

Published: December 12, 2023

Modified: December 28, 2023

by Jessamine Yingling

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Introduction

Tourism plays a significant role in job creation, providing employment opportunities to millions of people around the world. The tourism industry is not only a major contributor to the global economy but also a key driver of employment and economic growth for both developed and developing countries. From hotel staff and tour guides to transportation services and local artisans, tourism creates a wide range of job opportunities in various sectors.

The impact of tourism on job creation is undeniable. It stimulates the economy by generating revenue, attracting investment, and fostering infrastructure development. As people travel for leisure, business, or cultural experiences, they require a wide range of services and products, which in turn generates demand for labor.

Moreover, tourism has the potential to distribute wealth and income more evenly within a community as it often provides jobs to people in rural and remote areas where alternative employment opportunities may be limited. By promoting community-based tourism initiatives, local residents can benefit from the economic opportunities that tourism brings.

As the tourism industry continues to grow, it presents vast potential for job creation across various sectors, including hospitality, transportation, entertainment, food and beverage, and retail. This article explores the importance of tourism in job creation, the direct and indirect job opportunities available, the role of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and the challenges and strategies involved in enhancing job creation in the tourism industry.

Importance of Tourism in Job Creation

Tourism plays a crucial role in job creation, particularly in countries heavily reliant on the industry. It provides employment opportunities for a diverse range of individuals, from hotel workers and tour guides to local artisans and taxi drivers. The significance of tourism in job creation can be seen in the following aspects:

• Economic Impact: The tourism industry contributes to economic growth by generating revenue and foreign exchange earnings. This, in turn, leads to increased investment, infrastructure development, and the creation of new businesses, all of which translate into job opportunities.
• Diversity of Employment: The tourism sector offers a wide array of job opportunities across multiple sectors. From hotel management and front desk personnel to chefs and housekeeping staff, the range of employment options within the hospitality sector alone is vast. Additionally, tourism also indirectly creates jobs in industries such as transportation, food and beverage, entertainment, retail, and handicrafts.
• Seasonal and Full-Time Employment: Tourism provides both seasonal and full-time employment opportunities. Seasonal jobs are particularly beneficial in areas where the economy relies heavily on tourism during specific times of the year, such as beach destinations. These seasonal jobs often allow locals to supplement their income during peak tourist seasons.
• Spillover Effects: The growth of tourism can have positive spillover effects on other sectors of the economy. For example, as the number of tourists increases, the demand for agricultural products, such as fresh produce, meat, and dairy, also rises. This creates additional employment opportunities for farmers and agricultural workers.

Overall, the importance of tourism in job creation cannot be overlooked. It provides not only direct employment opportunities but also indirect benefits that contribute to the overall growth and development of an economy. In the following sections, we will explore the various avenues through which tourism generates employment and the significance of these opportunities for both individuals and communities.

Direct Job Opportunities in the Tourism Sector

The tourism sector directly creates a multitude of employment opportunities, encompassing various roles and responsibilities. These jobs are vital for the smooth operation and customer satisfaction within the industry. Some of the direct job opportunities in the tourism sector include:

• Hotel and Resort Staff: Hotels and resorts are at the forefront of the tourism industry, employing a large workforce. From front desk personnel and concierge staff to housekeeping, chefs, and waiters, these establishments rely on a team of dedicated professionals to ensure a comfortable and enjoyable experience for guests.
• Tour Guides: Tour guides play a crucial role in providing visitors with insightful information about tourist attractions, historical sites, and local culture. They are responsible for creating an engaging and informative experience for tourists, enhancing their understanding and enjoyment of the destination.
• Transportation Services: Transportation services, such as taxi drivers, chauffeurs, and tour bus operators, are vital for tourists to explore and move around a destination. These roles provide employment opportunities, allowing individuals to utilize their driving skills while offering convenience and accessibility to visitors.
• Concierge and Customer Service: The tourism industry heavily relies on customer service to ensure guest satisfaction. Job roles such as concierge and customer service representatives are responsible for assisting guests with their needs, providing recommendations, and resolving any issues that may arise during their stay.
• Event Planners and Organizers: Many destinations attract tourists with various events, conferences, and exhibitions. Event planners and organizers play a crucial role in coordinating and managing such events, creating employment opportunities for individuals with organizational and logistical skills.

The direct job opportunities in the tourism sector not only provide individuals with a source of income but also contribute to the overall experience and satisfaction of tourists. The professionalism and expertise of these individuals play a vital role in shaping visitors’ perceptions of a destination and determining whether they will return or recommend it to others. Thus, these direct job roles have a significant impact on the success and growth of the tourism industry.

Indirect Job Creation through Tourism

Beyond the direct job opportunities in the tourism sector, there is a ripple effect that leads to indirect job creation in various industries. Indirect job creation occurs when tourism stimulates demand for goods and services, resulting in employment opportunities in related sectors. Here are some examples of indirect job creation through tourism:

• Food and Beverage: As tourists travel and explore new destinations, they often dine out and try local cuisine. This creates a demand for restaurants, cafes, and food vendors, which in turn leads to job opportunities for chefs, servers, bartenders, and kitchen staff.
• Retail: Souvenir shops, local markets, and shopping centers thrive in tourist destinations. Tourists often purchase gifts, clothing, and locally made products, which boosts revenue and creates employment opportunities for retail workers and artisans.
• Transportation: In addition to direct transportation services, the tourism industry indirectly supports employment in the transportation sector. This includes rental car companies, airlines, cruise lines, and public transportation systems, creating job opportunities for pilots, flight attendants, drivers, and maintenance workers.
• Entertainment and Recreation: Tourists seek out entertainment and recreational activities during their trips. This can include visiting amusement parks, attending cultural performances, participating in water sports, or enjoying guided tours. These activities require a workforce of entertainers, performers, tour operators, and recreational staff.
• Infrastructure Development: A flourishing tourism industry often leads to infrastructure development, such as the construction of new hotels, resorts, airports, roads, and tourist attractions. The construction and maintenance of these facilities create jobs for architects, engineers, construction workers, and maintenance staff.

Indirect job creation is an essential component of the tourism industry, as it extends the economic benefits beyond the immediate tourism sector. It creates a multiplier effect, where the initial employment opportunities in tourism create additional jobs in related industries. This ripple effect enhances the overall economic impact and ensures a more balanced distribution of employment opportunities within the destination.

Tourism-Related Industries and Job Generation

Tourism not only creates direct and indirect job opportunities but also generates employment in various tourism-related industries. These industries are essential for supporting and enhancing the tourism experience, contributing to the overall growth and success of the sector. Here are some of the key tourism-related industries and their role in job generation:

• Travel Agencies and Tour Operators: Travel agencies and tour operators play a crucial role in organizing and facilitating travel arrangements for tourists. They provide services such as itinerary planning, booking accommodations, arranging transportation, and coordinating activities. These businesses employ travel consultants, tour coordinators, and administrative staff, creating job opportunities in the tourism industry.
• Hospitality Industry Suppliers: The hospitality sector relies on various suppliers for products and services. This includes suppliers of linens, toiletries, furniture, kitchen equipment, uniforms, and more. These suppliers employ workers in manufacturing, distribution, and sales, providing job opportunities tied to the demand of the tourism industry.
• Event Planning and Management: Destination weddings, conferences, and large-scale events contribute significantly to the tourism industry. Event planning and management companies employ event planners, coordinators, decorators, and technicians to ensure successful and memorable events for tourists and attendees.
• Adventure and Recreation: Many tourists seek adventure and recreational activities during their trips. This includes activities such as hiking, rafting, scuba diving, and wildlife safaris. Adventure and recreational companies employ guides, instructors, equipment rental staff, and safety personnel to cater to the needs of adventure-seeking tourists.
• Art and Handicrafts: Artisans and craftsmen play an important role in showcasing local culture and traditions through their creations. This includes traditional crafts, artwork, textiles, and handmade products that are popular among tourists. The demand for these products creates employment opportunities for craftsmen, artists, designers, and marketers.

These tourism-related industries add value to the overall tourism experience, providing specific goods and services that enhance the enjoyment and satisfaction of tourists. By supporting these industries, the tourism sector stimulates economic growth, fosters innovation, and creates job opportunities in diverse fields. The collaboration between the tourism industry and these related sectors is essential for a thriving and sustainable tourism ecosystem.

Role of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Tourism Employment

Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) play a crucial role in the tourism industry, contributing significantly to job creation and economic growth. These businesses, often locally owned and operated, have a significant impact on employment opportunities within their communities. Here are some key aspects of the role of SMEs in tourism employment:

• Local Employment: SMEs in the tourism sector primarily rely on local labor, providing employment opportunities for residents in the surrounding areas. This localized approach ensures that job opportunities are available to the local community, helping to reduce unemployment rates and foster economic development at a grassroots level.
• Entrepreneurship and Innovation: SMEs often bring forth innovative ideas and unique offerings to the tourism industry. These businesses add diversity to the market, attracting different types of tourists and stimulating demand for goods and services. By encouraging entrepreneurship, SMEs contribute to job creation and economic expansion through their creative solutions and fresh perspectives.
• Supporting Local Economy: SMEs in the tourism sector have a direct and positive impact on the local economy. By sourcing products and services from local suppliers, they contribute to the growth of other industries, such as agriculture, handicrafts, and tourism-related services. This creates a network of interdependent businesses, fueling economic growth and generating employment opportunities in the wider community.
• Promoting Cultural Preservation: SMEs often focus on preserving local culture, heritage, and traditions as part of their business offerings. This includes promoting local arts, crafts, music, and traditional practices. By incorporating cultural elements into their tourism products, SMEs help to preserve and showcase the unique identity of the destination, attracting tourists who are interested in authentic and immersive experiences.
• Flexibility and Adaptability: SMEs are known for their flexibility and ability to adapt to changing market conditions. This enables them to respond quickly to evolving tourism trends and customer preferences. By staying agile, SMEs can adjust their offerings, target niche markets, and identify new areas of growth, which in turn creates employment opportunities for local talent.

The role of SMEs in tourism employment is not only essential for job creation but also for fostering sustainable and inclusive tourism development. These small and medium-sized businesses contribute to the social and economic fabric of their communities, while preserving cultural heritage and promoting innovation. Government support and policies that encourage the growth of SMEs in the tourism sector can further amplify their positive impact on employment generation and economic prosperity.

Job Diversity in the Tourism Industry

One of the remarkable aspects of the tourism industry is its job diversity, offering a wide range of employment opportunities to individuals with different skills, backgrounds, and interests. From front-line service roles to management positions and creative professions, the tourism industry provides a plethora of job options. Here are some key factors that contribute to job diversity in the tourism industry:

• Hospitality and Accommodation: The hospitality sector is a major contributor to job diversity in tourism. Within this sector, there are various job roles such as hotel management, food and beverage, housekeeping, receptionists, event planners, and more. The range of positions allows individuals to find employment based on their strengths and interests, whether it’s customer service, culinary arts, or event coordination.
• Travel and Tourism Services: The travel and tourism services sector encompasses a wide array of job opportunities. These can include travel agents, tour operators, travel consultants, reservation agents, and destination management specialists. These roles involve working closely with clients to plan itineraries, provide travel advice, and coordinate bookings, catering to the diverse needs and preferences of those seeking travel experiences.
• Outdoor and Adventure: The tourism industry offers exciting job opportunities for individuals who have a passion for outdoor activities and adventure. This can include roles such as tour guides for hiking, wildlife safaris, scuba diving instructors, ski instructors, and more. These jobs allow individuals to combine their love for adventure with their professional aspirations, providing unique and fulfilling experiences for both tourists and employees.
• Event Planning and Entertainment: Another area of job diversity in the tourism industry is event planning and entertainment. This sector offers a range of job roles such as event managers, wedding planners, conference coordinators, entertainers, and performers. These positions require creativity, organizational skills, and the ability to create unforgettable experiences for tourists and event attendees.
• Cultural and Heritage: Tourism also offers job opportunities for individuals interested in preserving and promoting cultural heritage. This includes roles such as museum curators, archaeologists, cultural tour guides, historians, and local crafts artisans. These jobs allow individuals to showcase their knowledge and passion for cultural preservation while contributing to the education and enrichment of tourists.

The diverse range of job opportunities in the tourism industry makes it an attractive field for individuals with varied interests and skill sets. Whether someone is interested in customer service, management, adventure, creativity, or cultural preservation, they can find a job within the tourism industry that aligns with their passions and career aspirations. This contributes to the overall vitality and vibrancy of the industry, creating a workforce that is diverse, talented, and dedicated to delivering exceptional experiences for tourists around the world.

Challenges and Concerns in Tourism Job Creation

While tourism creates numerous job opportunities, there are also challenges and concerns that need to be addressed to ensure sustainable job creation in the industry. These challenges can vary depending on the region and the specific tourism destination. Here are some key challenges and concerns in tourism job creation:

• Seasonality and Volatility: Many tourism destinations experience seasonality, with peak tourist seasons and low seasons. This can lead to fluctuations in demand for labor, resulting in seasonal employment and job uncertainty for those working in the industry. Finding ways to promote year-round tourism and diversify the visitor base can help mitigate this challenge.
• Skills and Training: The tourism industry requires skilled workers who can provide quality services and experiences to tourists. However, there is often a mismatch between the skills demanded by the industry and the skills possessed by the local workforce. Providing training and education programs to bridge this gap is crucial for maximizing employment opportunities and ensuring a skilled workforce.
• Low Wages and Job Insecurity: In some tourism destinations, wages for certain job roles may be relatively low, particularly in entry-level or seasonal positions. This can lead to job insecurity and limited opportunities for career advancement. Ensuring fair wages and employment contracts that provide job stability are important considerations for sustainable job creation in the tourism sector.
• Dependency on International Markets: Many tourism destinations rely heavily on international markets for visitor arrivals. However, political instability, economic downturns, natural disasters, or global crises can significantly impact tourism demand. Over-dependence on a single market can make destinations vulnerable to disruptions and create challenges in sustaining employment opportunities.
• Environmental and Cultural Impacts: The growth of tourism can sometimes have negative impacts on the environment and local cultural heritage. Overdevelopment, overcrowding, and resource depletion can damage natural attractions, while excessive tourism demand may lead to the commodification and dilution of local cultures. Balancing tourism growth with sustainability and cultural preservation is necessary to mitigate these impacts and protect employment opportunities in the long term.

Addressing these challenges requires collaboration between stakeholders, including governments, tourism boards, local communities, and industry associations. It is essential to develop sustainable tourism strategies that prioritize job creation, foster skill development, protect the environment, and promote cultural heritage. By understanding and proactively addressing these concerns, the tourism industry can continue to create meaningful and sustainable employment opportunities for communities worldwide.

Strategies to Enhance Job Creation in Tourism

Creating and enhancing job opportunities in the tourism industry requires strategic planning and implementation. Here are some effective strategies that can help boost employment in the tourism sector:

• Diversification of Tourism Products: Developing and promoting a variety of tourism products and experiences can attract a diverse range of tourists, thereby stimulating demand and creating job opportunities in different sectors. This can include ecotourism, adventure tourism, cultural tourism, culinary tourism, and more.
• Sustainable Tourism Practices: Embracing sustainable tourism practices not only helps preserve the environment and local culture but also contributes to job creation. Investing in eco-friendly initiatives, supporting local artisans and producers, and promoting responsible tourism can attract conscious travelers and generate employment opportunities tied to sustainable practices.
• Capacity Building and Skills Development: Investing in training programs and skill development initiatives for individuals working in the tourism industry is crucial. This includes providing vocational training, language proficiency courses, and customer service workshops. Enhancing the skillsets of the workforce ensures professionalism and quality services, leading to higher job satisfaction and improved career prospects.
• Public-Private Partnerships: Collaboration between public sector organizations, private enterprises, and local communities plays a significant role in job creation. Joint initiatives can support the development of infrastructure, facilitate access to funding, and promote destination marketing campaigns, ultimately driving tourism growth and employment opportunities.
• Community-Based Tourism: Empowering local communities to participate in tourism activities can create employment at the grassroots level. Community-based tourism initiatives allow locals to provide authentic experiences, share their culture, and showcase their talents. This can lead to the creation of various job roles, from tour guides and homestay hosts to cultural performers and artisans.
• Promotion of Domestic Tourism: Encouraging domestic tourism can help mitigate the impact of seasonality and dependency on international markets. Government campaigns, incentives, and special promotions can incentivize locals to explore their own country, contributing to increased tourism demand and job creation.

Furthermore, fostering an enabling business environment, improving infrastructure, and streamlining regulatory processes can attract investments in the tourism sector, leading to business expansion and job creation. The active involvement of stakeholders, including governments, tourism organizations, and local communities, is crucial to implementing these strategies effectively and ensuring sustainable job growth in the tourism industry.

The tourism industry serves as a catalyst for job creation, offering a diverse range of employment opportunities across various sectors. From direct roles in hospitality and tour operations to indirect employment in related industries, tourism plays a vital role in contributing to global job growth and economic development.

SMEs, with their entrepreneurial spirit and innovation, play a significant role in tourism employment, providing localized opportunities and fostering community integration. The industry’s job diversity allows individuals to find fulfilling careers aligned with their interests and skills, whether it be in hospitality, adventure tourism, cultural preservation, or event planning.

By embracing these strategies and prioritizing sustainable practices, the tourism industry can maximize employment opportunities while preserving natural and cultural heritage for future generations. Governments, industry stakeholders, and local communities must work together to create an enabling environment that fosters growth, supports entrepreneurship, and empowers communities.

As we look to the future, it is essential to prioritize job creation in the tourism industry, recognizing its potential to drive economic prosperity and improve livelihoods. By investing in skills development, promoting sustainable practices, and cultivating diverse tourism products, we can ensure that the tourism industry continues to be a powerful engine for job creation, economic growth, and sustainable development worldwide.

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10% of Jobs are Worldwide Connected to the Tourism Industry – What Does That Mean?

Written by Izabela Soja on October 7, 2022 . Posted in Uncategorized .

Tourism is one of the world’s largest industries. According to WTTC , tourism prior to the pandemic accounted for 1 in 4 of all new jobs created across the world, 10.3% of all jobs (333 million), and 10.3% of the global GDP (US $9.6 trillion). Taking the above statistics into consideration, we can conclude that the sector contributes significantly to the economies and employment, being one of the main economic engines for nations. But how is it exactly possible that tourism creates so many jobs?

This article explores all the different employment opportunities tourism provides, explains why they are so important for the industry, and presents some of the challenges in the current workforce stemming mostly from the COVID-19 pandemic:

What are the employment opportunities in tourism?

Tourism can provide diversified employment in many different sectors, as the travel industry comprises various activities and services that create an overall tourist experience. Industries within the tourism value chain include accommodation, transport, food and beverage services, entertainment, and many more. Just think of your recent vacation – you first hopped on a plane, booked a hotel, and during your stay, you ate in different restaurants, went to different shops, and maybe even participated in local events. All the above aspects are part of the tourism industry, because you got involved in them as a tourist. 

The employment opportunities in tourism can be divided into those created directly or indirectly. This is because the tourism value chain is exceptionally vast and creates further employment impacts, which are not necessarily limited to tourism. 

Direct employment in tourism

All jobs where employees are involved in the creation of a direct tourism output fall under the category of direct tourism employment. Examples include hotels, airlines, travel agencies, tour operators, museums, national parks, state parks, cruise lines… and the list goes on. What these industries have in common is their sole focus on tourism – they operate for tourists, and because of tourists.  

Accommodation and transport activities are the most vital and integral ones in the tourism industry. They provide a base from which people can start their travel journey. Within the accommodation sector, there are multiple different types of lodging, ranging from hotels, hostels, B&B’s, or guesthouses. These can be either individually or family-owned, but also belong to the multi-chain operators. Therefore, employment opportunities are endless, as each accommodation type requires both high-skilled and low-skilled workers – from managers, and finance operators, to the housekeeping and cooking team. 

Indirect employment in tourism

According to the UNWTO report , “one job in the core tourism industry creates about one and a half additional (indirect) jobs in the tourism-related economy”. Moreover, “there are three workers indirectly dependent on each person working in hotels, such as travel agency staff, guides, taxi and bus drivers, food and beverage suppliers, laundry workers, textile workers, gardeners, shop staff for souvenirs and others, as well as airport employees”. 

Tourism is an extraordinarily labor-intensive industry. Each direct tourism provider carries several different suppliers crucial for the efficient operation of that provider. Some of the examples of indirect employment opportunities that tourism supports are restaurant suppliers, marketing agencies, accounting services, manufacturers, or souvenir producers. They may not be exclusively linked to tourism, but they are essential for its success. Therefore, these types of jobs are also considered part of the tourism industry – just behind the scenes. And when they all add up together, there’s no wonder why tourism holds such a great power to generate employment!

The importance of tourism in providing employment opportunities 

Anyone can start working in tourism.

In terms of employment opportunities, tourism is a great industry for anyone starting their career journey. There are many roles that do not require any specific qualifications and are relatively easy to get into – for example in hospitality. This is especially important for young people seeking a part-time job alongside school or university, migrant workers, women , minority groups, and many more. 

People are at the heart of the tourism industry

Given that tourism is such a vast and diverse industry, it can attract people from different backgrounds. Tourism relies on its exceptionally skilled workforce in order to provide high-quality services and experiences to visitors. Therefore, recruiting suitable staff should be at the heart of each tourism business. Tourists’ experiences are highly dependent on the service they are provided, so fostering relationships between human resources and the tourism industry is crucial.

Connecting with local people during travels

Tourism is a tool for poverty alleviation

Tourism can also be a fantastic tool for poverty alleviation, which is especially important in underdeveloped countries. The industry has a great potential to generate direct income for the poor in the places they live. Many tourism businesses are owned by individuals and their families, which in turn enables deeper interactions between guests and host communities. These small-scale businesses often include guesthouses and restaurants as they often do not require much capital to invest into. Therefore, many communities can start making their living through tourism.

One of the greatest examples of how travel connects locals and visitors is ResiRest – a social enterprise that works as an impact connector between local families and travelers. This organization links local home-cooks to international visitors for a unique and authentic food experience. “Eating local” is a fantastic way not only to support local communities, but also allows for more enriching and memorable experiences during travels. And what better way to immerse in a different culture than by trying local food?   

Solimar is also involved in projects that facilitate revenue generation for the host communities – Artisan Development in Morocco is one of many examples. This project aimed to create direct linkages between local artisans and buyers, while decreasing the use of middlemen in sales of the crafts!

Current challenges in the tourism workforce

Although tourism is such a powerful industry for generating employment, it is currently facing significant challenges due to staff shortages . Resolving this issue is essential for tourism’s growth and bouncing back after the Covid-19 pandemic. Travel restrictions made a number of employees move into different industries – therefore, tourism must now compete with other sectors in order to attract new workers. Other contributing factors include the lack of migrant workers, whose number started shrinking dramatically in 2020. For example, when Brexit was introduced in the UK, many people decided to return to their home countries. This has resulted in the lack of a suitable workforce in many industries, not only tourism.

How can we ensure sustainability in the tourism workforce?

In order to attract new talent to the industry, tourism must implement various incentives and re-evaluate its human resources practices. This could be achieved by providing extensive training opportunities to enable people to work their way up in a company. Next, tourism must facilitate flexible and remote work opportunities. This should be executed not only for the employees’ convenience, but also as a way to overcome travel mobility restrictions. Utilizing digital technologies is a great step towards ensuring productive tourism operations as well.

Tourism truly is a one-of-a-kind industry, providing countless opportunities that can really make a positive impact on our society. If done the right way, tourism can be the most viable option for sustainable economic development. Therefore, considering a career journey in this industry leads to fantastic and rewarding opportunities.   

Interested in working with us? Learn more about our virtual internship opportunities here !

Tags: #sustainabletourismapproach , economics tourism , employment tourism , future of tourism , tourism economic growth , tourism for good , tourism industry , tourism jobs , Tourism trends

Tourism: Job Creation, Entrepreneurship, and Quality of Life

• First Online: 07 October 2017

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While there are some criticisms about the impact of tourism on quality of life for local residents, evidence shows tourism normally creates livelihood opportunities and economic growth. Many of the jobs created in the tourism industry do not require high levels of training or education, making the sector especially effective in combatting poverty. Tourism also creates many opportunities for microentrepreneurship and as the barriers to entry for most of these small businesses are low, tourism can provide opportunities for individuals to escape poverty by creating their own employment. Interviews with employees and microentrepreneurs throughout SEA were presented. Employees generally felt the jobs they chose to take were better options than their other livelihood opportunities and did not feel exploited by their employers and many workers had plans for the future. The microentrepreneurs also felt their choice of occupation was their best option, and often the personal freedom and flexibility of owning one’s own business were as important to the entrepreneurs as were the financial rewards. In general, the individuals interviewed shared in the opinion tourism was good for the country as well as for themselves as it provided additional choices of how to make a living. Also, an exploration of the intangible benefits tourists seek and often obtain was made.

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Hipsher, S. (2017). Tourism: Job Creation, Entrepreneurship, and Quality of Life. In: Poverty Reduction, the Private Sector, and Tourism in Mainland Southeast Asia. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5948-3_11

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Tourism is one of the world's fastest growing industries and an important source of foreign exchange and employment, while being closely linked to the social, economic, and environmental well-being of many countries, especially developing countries. Maritime or ocean-related tourism, as well as coastal tourism, are for example vital sectors of the economy in small island developing States (SIDS) and coastal least developed countries (LDCs) (see also: The Potential of the Blue Economy report as well as the Community of Ocean Action on sustainable blue economy).

The World Tourism Organization defines sustainable tourism as “tourism that takes full account of its current and future economic, social and environmental impacts, addressing the needs of visitors, the industry, the environment and host communities".

Based on General assembly resolution 70/193, 2017 was declared as the  International Year of Sustainable Tourism for Development.

In the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development SDG target 8.9, aims to “by 2030, devise and implement policies to promote sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products”. The importance of sustainable tourism is also highlighted in SDG target 12.b. which aims to “develop and implement tools to monitor sustainable development impacts for sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products”.

Tourism is also identified as one of the tools to “by 2030, increase the economic benefits to Small Island developing States and least developed countries” as comprised in SDG target 14.7.

In the Rio+20 outcome document The Future We want, sustainable tourism is defined by paragraph 130 as a significant contributor “to the three dimensions of sustainable development” thanks to its close linkages to other sectors and its ability to create decent jobs and generate trade opportunities. Therefore, Member States recognize “the need to support sustainable tourism activities and relevant capacity-building that promote environmental awareness, conserve and protect the environment, respect wildlife, flora, biodiversity, ecosystems and cultural diversity, and improve the welfare and livelihoods of local communities by supporting their local economies and the human and natural environment as a whole. ” In paragraph 130, Member States also “call for enhanced support for sustainable tourism activities and relevant capacity-building in developing countries in order to contribute to the achievement of sustainable development”.

In paragraph 131, Member States “encourage the promotion of investment in sustainable tourism, including eco-tourism and cultural tourism, which may include creating small- and medium-sized enterprises and facilitating access to finance, including through microcredit initiatives for the poor, indigenous peoples and local communities in areas with high eco-tourism potential”. In this regard, Member States also “underline the importance of establishing, where necessary, appropriate guidelines and regulations in accordance with national priorities and legislation for promoting and supporting sustainable tourism”.

In 2002, the World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg called for the promotion of sustainable tourism development, including non-consumptive and eco-tourism, in Chapter IV, paragraph 43 of the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation.

At the Johannesburg Summit, the launch of the “Sustainable Tourism – Eliminating Poverty (ST-EP) initiative was announced. The initiative was inaugurated by the World Tourism Organization, in collaboration with UNCTAD, in order to develop sustainable tourism as a force for poverty alleviation.

The UN Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) last reviewed the issue of sustainable tourism in 2001, when it was acting as the Preparatory Committee for the Johannesburg Summit.

The importance of sustainable tourism was also mentioned in Agenda 21.

For more information and documents on this topic,  please visit this link

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4th Global Summit on City Tourism

The World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO) and the Regional Council for Tourism of Marrakesh with support of the Government of Morroco are organizing the 4th Global Summit on City Tourism in Marrakesh, Morroco (9-10 December 2015). International experts in city tourism, representatives of city DMOs, of

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The World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO) and Ulsan Metropolitan City with support of the Government of the Republic of Korea are organizing the 2nd Euro-Asian Mountain Resorts Conference, in Ulsan, Republic of Korea (14 - 16 October 2015). Under the title “Paving the Way for a Bright Future for Mounta

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Unwto regional conference enhancing brand africa - fostering tourism development.

Tourism is one of the Africa’s most promising sectors in terms of development, and represents a major opportunity to foster inclusive development, increase the region’s participation in the global economy and generate revenues for investment in other activities, including environmental preservation.

• January 2017 International Year of Tourism In the context of the universal 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the International Year aims to support a change in policies, business practices and consumer behavior towards a more sustainable tourism sector that can contribute to the SDGs.
• January 2015 Targets 8.9, 12 b,14.7 The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development commits Member States, through Sustainable Development Goal Target 8.9 to “devise and implement policies to promote sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products”. The importance of sustainable tourism, as a driver for jobs creation and the promotion of local culture and products, is also highlighted in Sustainable Development Goal target 12.b. Tourism is also identified as one of the tools to “increase [by 2030] the economic benefits to Small Island developing States and least developed countries”, through Sustainable Development Goals Target 14.7.
• January 2012 Future We Want (Para 130-131) Sustainable tourism is defined as a significant contributor “to the three dimensions of sustainable development” thanks to its close linkages to other sectors and its ability to create decent jobs and generate trade opportunities. Therefore, Member States recognize “the need to support sustainable tourism activities and relevant capacity-building that promote environmental awareness, conserve and protect the environment, respect wildlife, flora, biodiversity, ecosystems and cultural diversity, and improve the welfare and livelihoods of local communities” as well as to “encourage the promotion of investment in sustainable tourism, including eco-tourism and cultural tourism, which may include creating small and medium sized enterprises and facilitating access to finance, including through microcredit initiatives for the poor, indigenous peoples and local communities in areas with high eco-tourism potential”.
• January 2009 Roadmap for Recovery UNWTO announced in March 2009 the elaboration of a Roadmap for Recovery to be finalized by UNWTO’s General Assembly, based on seven action points. The Roadmap includes a set of 15 recommendations based on three interlocking action areas: resilience, stimulus, green economy aimed at supporting the tourism sector and the global economy.
• January 2008 Global Sustainable Tourism Criteria The Global Sustainable Tourism Criteria represent the minimum requirements any tourism business should observe in order to ensure preservation and respect of the natural and cultural resources and make sure at the same time that tourism potential as tool for poverty alleviation is enforced. The Criteria are 41 and distributed into four different categories: 1) sustainability management, 2) social and economic 3) cultural 4) environmental.
• January 2003 WTO becomes a UN specialized body By Resolution 453 (XV), the Assembly agreed on the transformation of the WTO into a United Nations specialized body. Such transformation was later ratified by the United Nations General Assembly with the adoption of Resolution A/RES/58/232.
• January 2003 1st Int. Conf. on Climate Change and Tourism The conference was organized in order to gather tourism authorities, organizations, businesses and scientists to discuss on the impact that climate change can have on the tourist sector. The event took place from 9 till 11 April 2003 in Djerba, Tunisia.
• January 2002 World Ecotourism Summit Held in May 2002, in Quebec City, Canada, the Summit represented the most important event in the framework of the International Year of Ecosystem. The Summit identified as main themes: ecotourism policy and planning, regulation of ecotourism, product development, marketing and promotion of ecotourism and monitoring costs and benefits of ecotourism.
• January 1985 Tourism Bill of Rights and Tourist Code At the World Tourism Organization Sixth Assembly held in Sofia in 1985, the Tourism Bill of Rights and Tourist Code were adopted, setting out the rights and duties of tourists and host populations and formulating policies and action for implementation by states and the tourist industry.
• January 1982 Acapulco Document Adopted in 1982, the Acapulco Document acknowledges the new dimension and role of tourism as a positive instrument towards the improvement of the quality of life for all peoples, as well as a significant force for peace and international understanding. The Acapulco Document also urges Member States to elaborate their policies, plans and programmes on tourism, in accordance with their national priorities and within the framework of the programme of work of the World Tourism Organization.

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Moscow courts UAE to bump up inbound tourism

• Moscow targetting UAE tourism
• International visitors 10% of total
• Gulf tourists spend more

Moscow aims to double the number of annual visitors from the UAE this year, to expand its international tourist base amid headwinds such as the war with Ukraine. 

Bulat Nurmukhanov, head of the International Cooperation Division at Moscow City Tourism Committee (MCTC), told AGBI that while the Russian capital’s domestic tourism has broadly recovered since the pandemic, international tourism has yet to do so. 

Moscow received 24.3 million visitors in 2023, he said, of which 2.3 million were international and the rest were from elsewhere in Russia. In 2019, Moscow recorded 25 million visitors, of which four million were from overseas.  

• In Dubai, it looks like the Russians are staying
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“Despite the challenges Moscow faces today, it has almost recovered its pre-Covid visitor flow of 2019 – our best year for the industry, helped by the effect of hosting the Fifa World Cup in 2018,” Nurmukhanov said.  

“But most of these are domestic tourists. We hope that by working with new markets such as the UAE, we can restructure the international tourism base and attract more visitors from the Emirates and wider GCC.”

Moscow has yet to calculate the number of visitors from the UAE last year, but it is a small proportion of the overseas total, according to Nurmukhanov. However, it is an important source market because of its higher-than-average spend per visit. 

“They’re helping load Moscow’s five-star hotels”, he said. These are not as popular among domestic tourists and other nationalities as three and four-star hotels. 

Last summer, MCTC revealed that tourists from the Middle East accounted for more than 30 percent of Moscow’s total tourist flow from outside the Commonwealth of Independent States in 2022. 

“Middle Eastern countries are among the most promising markets for inbound tourism,” the committee noted. 

In the UAE, the number of Russian tourists and investors leapt in the year after Moscow’s invasion of Ukraine, as Russian businesses sought a safe haven free of sanctions imposed on them by the West. 

Bilateral trade between the two countries has also risen sharply , by 63 percent between January and September 2023 to $9 billion, according to Russia’s government. 

Nurmukhanov said: “We’re already receiving a decent amount of tourists from the UAE and want to make sure that now, we adapt our infrastructure and design new hospitality products, entertainment and offerings that will be in their interest.” 

The strategy includes enhancing relationships between Moscow and UAE hotels, travel agents and tour operators; improving restaurants’ halal offerings; translating menus and other literature to Arabic, and promoting popular activities such as bear hunting, helicopter trips and horse riding.  

Some Moscow hotels even help GCC tourists to purchase warm clothing for their trip, Nurmukhanov said. Gulf visitors can obtain visas on arrival in Russia, and in November a rapid e-visa service was extended to other countries.  

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The World Tourism Organization (UN Tourism) is the United Nations agency responsible for the promotion of responsible, sustainable and universally accessible tourism. Posts within the UN Tourism are filled following a careful competitive selection process that takes into account the candidates’ academic qualifications, international experience and language skills, among others.

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We endeavor to achieve personal and professional growth for our personnel.

Remuneration : we offer an attractive and competitive remuneration package.

Onboarding : we facilitate your arrival at UN Tourism by offering valuable information on the conditions of service and your arrival at the UN Tourism Secretariat. Newly appointed members of personnel will undergo an induction training to assist them to settle down quickly in the new work environment.

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Holidays : we offer up to 30 days of annual leave per year, giving our personnel the work-life balance that is needed to recharge.

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UN Tourism is headquarted in one of the major tourism hubs in the world – Madrid, Spain. It is a forward-looking, modern city that embraces innovation and diversity. Moving to a new city, even to a new country, for a new job is exciting but it can also be challenging. As an international organization, UN Tourism is committed to looking after the needs of its personnel, not only in the workplace but also for assisting in the transfer to Madrid. To facilitate their relocation, new personnel will have access to a practical guide which includes basic information about Spain, accommodation, health care, public transportation, social activities, etc.

Interested applicants are requested to follow the specific instructions listed in each vacancy notice or call for expression of interest. 

UN Tourism will only accept applications received through our web-based system. Applications sent by other means (e.g. post, email, etc.) or received after the deadline indicated for each employment opportunities, will not be taken into consideration.

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UN Tourism may at times consider accepting Interns, depending on the student's qualifications and the demands of the work programme of the Organization. As a general rule, roster internship applications are retained by UN Tourism for a maximum period of one year from date of receipt. Candidates wishing to be considered for inclusion in the roster of Interns should complete the application form below. 

UN Tourism will only accept applications received through our web-based system. Applications sent by other means (e.g. post, email, etc.) or received after the deadline indicated for each employment opportunities, will not be taken into consideration. 

Please note that receipt of applications will not be acknowledged, and any further correspondence will be initiated by UN Tourism. 

UN Tourism Member States may send tourism experts and officials through the capacity-building option of the Organization, on a non-reimbursable loan basis, to participate in the activities of the Organization for a set period of time. This arrangement is formally being done through a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU). 

The UN Tourism JPO Programme is a donor-funded programme that provides young professionals the opportunity to gain professional experience at UN Tourism. The UN Tourism JPO Programme is administered under an agreement established with UNDP in 2016.

Interested candidates should contact the relevant donors in their respective countries directly. More information about the  UN Tourism JPO programme can be found on the official website .

To find various solutions to tourism issues, we need to ensure diversity and geographical balance so that the best solutions are put forward.

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Pantai Indah Kapuk 2 Emerges as a Catalyst for Tourism and Job Creation: Sandiaga

Jakarta . Tourism and Creative Economy Minister Sandiaga Salahuddin Uno sees Pantai Indah Kapuk (PIK) 2 in Tangerang, Banten, as a promising hub for tourism and job creation, catalyzing economic growth.

PIK 2, situated in the northern coastal area of Jakarta, is one of the 14 National Strategic Projects (PSN) fully backed by private sector investment in 2024.

"We've reviewed the comprehensive plans for PIK 2, encompassing over 1,600 hectares, with a target of 20 million tourist visits and the generation of 10 million new jobs. We underscore the importance of prioritizing this as a strategic endeavor," Sandiaga said during a press briefing in Jakarta on Monday.

He underscored PIK's accessibility, proximity to Soekarno-Hatta Airport in Cengkareng, and its allure with attractions like mangrove tourism, man-made tourist spots (reclamation beach), and a culinary center.

"There will also be a design center, one of the largest mosques, and a Formula 1 circuit," he added.

Sandiaga commended the private sector for spearheading infrastructure development and stressed the government's role in facilitating community needs. He hopes that North Jakarta's beaches will attract tourist footfalls, including international visitors.

Property developer Pantai Indah Kapuk Dua (PANI) aims for a Rp 40 trillion investment in the PIK 2 area, following its designation as a National Strategic Project (PSN) by the government. The development, slated to commence in 2024, targets completion by 2060.

"The private sector will spearhead the investment, without reliance on state or regional budgets," said PANI Corporate Secretary Christy Grassela.

Christy elaborated that PIK2 builds upon the collaborative efforts of Agung Sedayu Group (ASG) and Salim Group (SG) following their success in PIK 1 and Reclamation Island developments, including Golf Island and Ebony, spanning approximately 1,600 hectares.

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Russia increases tourism and cultural cooperation with China

By Pan Yixuan | chinadaily.com.cn | Updated: 2023-09-07 09:09

A meeting themed “Russia-China Cultural and Tourism Cooperation” was held at the Russian House in Beijing on Tuesday.

Representatives from China and Russia discussed tourism and cultural cooperation.

During an interview with Evgeny Kozlov, first deputy head of the Office of the Mayor and Government of Moscow and chairman of the Moscow City Tourism Committee, he highlighted business and film cooperation between the two countries.

Beijing and Moscow have enhanced business and tourism cooperation after the pandemic. Kozlov mentioned a large-scale communication with “15 companies from Moscow met with 150 companies from Beijing” and methods to promote Moscow-Beijing mutual tourist flow including “more than 56 direct flights from Moscow to Beijing”.

According to Kozlov, businessmen and elder people make up most of the Chinese tourists to Russia and social media has been an important channel to promote Russia’s tourism to Chinese people, especially young people.

Kozlov stressed that an optimistic attitude is necessary to develop tourism in the post-pandemic era.

Besides, “film can be a new kind of business communication,” said Kozlov. He mentioned that Moscow has a cinema platform initiative to create platforms for Russian and Chinese film producers. Studios of about 300 hectares are under construction in Moscow for future investment and cooperation in film production.

Kozlov said cooperation to create new fashion connections would be considered when talking about a fashion trend in China that combines traditional Chinese style and characteristics.