travel to israel guidelines

Update April 12, 2024

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Latest Information for U.S. Citizens

Information for U.S. Citizens in Israel, the West Bank, and Gaza

The Department reminds U.S. citizens of the continued need for caution and increased personal security awareness as security incidents often take place without warning. The security environment remains complex and can change quickly depending on the political situation and recent events. Please see the latest Israel Security Alert .

U.S. citizens should heed the  Travel Advisory  for Israel, the West Bank, and Gaza. The U.S. Embassy continues to closely monitor the dynamic security situation in Israel, the West Bank, and Gaza. There are active military operations and active rocket and mortar fire in Gaza and the Gaza periphery.  Terrorist groups, lone-actor terrorists and other violent extremists continue plotting possible attacks in Israel, the West Bank, and Gaza. Terrorists and violent extremists may attack with little or no warning, targeting tourist locations, transportation hubs, markets/shopping malls, and local government facilities. Violence can occur in Israel, the West Bank, and Gaza without warning. If you require emergency assistance while in Israel, the West Bank or Gaza, contact the  U.S. Embassy in Jerusalem  by email ([email protected]).

Individuals seeking to depart Gaza  through the Rafah crossing into Egypt should monitor the  Palestinian General Authority for Crossings and Borders’ Facebook Page  for a list of those approved to cross. U.S. citizens, Lawful Permanent Residents, or immediate family (as listed below) who desire our assistance and have not already provided their information to the Department of State, please email U.S. Embassy Jerusalem at  [email protected]  with a copy of the individual’s travel document as well as an explanation or proof of relationship.

The U.S. government does not control the crossing lists nor determine who is permitted to depart Gaza or enter Egypt. Individuals must assess their own safety and risks in attempting to cross the border. Individuals permitted to enter Egypt will likely receive a 72-hour Egyptian visa; all those who cross should have a plan for onward travel from Egypt in this timeframe. U.S. citizens, LPRs and their immediate family members who successfully enter Egypt and require further consular assistance should contact the  U.S. Embassy in Cairo  via the  U.S. Citizens Services Navigator .  Individuals may apply for a U.S. visa at any U.S. Embassy or Consulate; U.S. immigration laws and regulations will apply.

If a name has appeared on a crossing list since November 1, we understand those individuals will be permitted to cross as long as the border remains open for foreign nationals. We urge U.S. citizens, LPRs, and their immediate family members who have appeared on one of these lists to cross as soon as possible – there is no guarantee the border will remain open. We continue to work in partnership with Egypt and Israel towards safe passage for U.S. citizens, LPRs, and their immediate family members.

Immediate family members of U.S. citizens include:

• unmarried children under the age of 21, and
• parents of U.S. citizens.

If the U.S. citizen is under 21, immediate family will also include any siblings who are also unmarried and under 21.

Immediate family members of LPRs include:

• unmarried children under 21 years of age.

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COVID Information Center Israel Ministry of Health

Updated info for daily life alongside covid.

Confirmed Cases and Patients

Symptoms, treatment, and recommendations for confirmed cases

International Travel

Updated info for those entering and leaving Israel

COVID Certificate

To leave Israel and for use in other countries

Where, how, and why to get vaccinated

Different types of tests and when each is required

Is it required to isolate and for how long

Data Dashboard

Up to date national data (Hebrew)

Guidelines from the Ministry of Health Regarding the Use of the Vaccine Against the New COVID-19 Strains

Covid-19 press releases, as a result of the increase in morbidity, the ministry of health recommends that people at risk group wear a mask in closed places with many people.

Everything you need to know about traveling to Israel as a vaccinated tourist

Update (11/29/2021) : Israel has closed its borders to all tourists for at least two weeks due to the Omicron variant. As we learn more information about the variant and Israel's reopening plans, we'll update the story below.

Around the world, we've seen countries adopt different strategies and timelines for reopening their borders. Some welcomed back tourists just months after the virus came stateside, and others took much longer.

Despite one of the world's most aggressive vaccine rollouts, Israel has been one of the slowest to reopen. Throughout much of the pandemic, the country was closed to tourists, only allowing certain foreigners to enter through an in-depth application process that could take weeks — only to require those with approval to undergo a two-week quarantine upon arrival.

Israel finally reopened its borders to foreigners on Nov. 1 after inoculating much of its population with a booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine.

While the country is officially open for business once again, there are still plenty of hoops to jump through if you're planning to visit. Here's a step-by-step breakdown of everything you need to know about visiting Israel as a tourist.

For more TPG news delivered each morning to your inbox, sign up for our daily newsletter .

Vaccination requirements to enter Israel

To enter Israel as a tourist, each traveler must meet one of the following criteria:

• Been fully vaccinated with a vaccine approved by the World Health Organization (WHO)
• Have recovered from a positive COVID-19 infection

Though these are the general conditions for entry, Israel has some additional regulations for each criterion.

Vaccines recognized by Israel

Israel recognizes vaccines approved by the WHO, including:

• Johnson and Johnson
• AstraZeneca
• The Serum Institute of India

As of Dec. 1, 2021, those vaccinated with the Sputnik-V vaccine may enter Israel, though you'll also need to receive a positive result on a serologic (antibody) test once you land, in addition to all of the other requirements below.

Fully vaccinated under Israeli law

Israel has a very strict definition of "fully vaccinated."

To be eligible for entry as a fully vaccinated tourist, you'll need to have received at least two doses of the vaccine (or one dose of the Johnson and Johnson vaccine). Additionally, at least 14 days must have elapsed from your most recent dose on the day of arrival in Israel. Finally — and this one is perhaps the most onerous — your most recent dose of the vaccine must have been given no more than 180 days before your day of departure from Israel.

For example, if you received your second shot on March 1, 2021, you are not eligible for entry to Israel (until you receive a booster dose). Similarly, if your second dose was on May 30, 2021, you're only eligible to visit Israel until Nov. 26, 2021, before needing a booster dose.

Those who've received a booster dose must wait at least 14 days from the date of the booster to land in Israel.

Related: Some countries are setting vaccine expiration dates for travel

Recovered from COVID-19 under Israeli law

To be considered recovered under Israeli law, you must present a certificate of recovery that's digitally verifiable by the Israel Ministry of Health, on the basis of a positive result on a NAAT test.

This applies to those who visit Israel anytime after 11 days have elapsed since their positive result, but no more than 190 days after the positive test, measured from the date of departure from Israel.

In addition to the recovery certificate, you'll also need to show proof of at least one dose of a WHO-approved vaccine, either before or after recovery.

Israel publishes a list of countries from which it accepts a digital certificate of recovery, and while much of the Europe is included on the list, the United Status is not. You can find the full list here .

Unless Israel changes its regulation, those who received a positive test in the U.S. will need to be fully vaccinated according to the conditions above in order to enter Israel.

A word of caution

Note that entry regulations can change at any time, so TPG recommends that you consult with the Israeli guidance for the most up-to-date information. The regulations above are accurate as of the date of publication and apply to individual tourists, not to group tours or those who've received special exemptions.

Finally, if you don't meet the above criteria, you can submit a petition to the Exceptions Committee with the details of your reason for travel.

Step 1. Pre-departure PCR test

In addition to being either fully vaccinated or recovered from COVID-19, there are some additional requirements before entering Israel.

The first is a PCR test taken within 72 hours of your scheduled departure for Israel. Only those who've received a negative result can board their flight. Note that if you're traveling on a connecting flight, the 72-hour timer applies from the departure time of the final leg of your journey.

Each traveler must present a negative test result (in English) that also specifies the traveler's passport number. Rapid tests and other at-home tests are not accepted.

The only published exceptions to the 72-hour rule are for those who've stayed outside of Israel for less than 72 hours, as well as those who have recovered from COVID-19.

For recovered travelers, you can instead present a positive PCR test result taken no more than three months before the day of departure and no less than 11 days after testing day. (Note that everyone, including recovered travelers, needs to take a mandatory PCR test on arrival in Israel, which you'll see below.)

Related: Here's where you can quickly get a COVID-19 PCR test for travel

Step 2. Entry declaration form

Within 48 hours before departure for Israel (based on the last connecting flight to the country, if applicable), you'll need to complete an online entry declaration form .

The form asks for your personal information, travel itinerary, health declaration, vaccination/recovery information and isolation information. Filling out the form should be self-explanatory, and I've included screenshots of the entire process below.

You can add your travel companions to your form, but you'll need to input their personal and health information, too.

Note that when you check "Vaccinated/Recovered outside Israel" on the form, you'll be asked to input your vaccine information (or a recovery letter), and then upload a digitally verifiable document.

If you were vaccinated in the U.S. with a certificate issued by the CDC, you should not upload a picture of your card. You should instead manually input your vaccination details, as I did below.

After completing the online form, you'll receive a confirmation email from [email protected], which will include a PDF version of the processed entry declaration form. You'll need to present this form (digital or hard copy) during check-in, and possibly again on arrival.

Assuming that you filled all the details correctly, your confirmation will have a green highlight stating that "you may board, you must complete reduced isolation."

In addition to the confirmation PDF, you should also receive a second PDF with a large QR code, titled tav yarok in Hebrew, which translates to "green pass." More on this below.

Step 3. On-arrival PCR test

The final requirement to enter Israel is a mandatory PCR test on arrival. This is a requirement for everyone of all ages, regardless of vaccination or recovery status. This test is in addition to the one you took in your country of origin before departure.

This test is conducted in Ben Gurion International Airport after clearing customs. You cannot physically leave the airport without completing this test.

After filling out the online entry declaration form, you'll be able to pre-pay for your on-arrival PCR test.

Prepaying costs 80 ILS ($26). Those who pay on arrival are charged 115 ILS ($37). I prepaid for my on-arrival PCR test and received an emailed payment confirmation code and barcode, which I presented upon arrival at the testing counter.

The test itself took less than three minutes, and you can read more about my entry experience in a follow-up story.

Those who've been vaccinated with the Sputnik-V vaccine must also take a serologic (antibody) test on arrival at Ben Gurion International Airport. This costs 126 ILS ($41) for those prepaying.

After completing the PCR test, you can then leave the airport and head to your final destination for a shortened isolation period. (Any method of transportation is acceptable, including public transportation.)

Step 4. 24-hour quarantine

All travelers arriving in Israel must go into isolation, but for those who've been vaccinated or recovered, the quarantine period is significantly reduced to (at most) 24 hours.

Once you arrive at your final destination in Israel, you'll need to immediately enter isolation until you receive a negative result from the PCR test taken on arrival in Israel, or up to 24 hours, whichever is earlier.

Additionally, those vaccinated with the Sputnik-V vaccine must also receive a positive result from the serologic test taken on arrival in order to exit isolation.

My test was conducted at 6:39 p.m. local time, and I received the (negative) result in my email the next morning at 6:18 a.m.

Step 5. Green Pass (Tav Yarok)

Israel limits all indoor activities to those who've been vaccinated, recovered or recently tested negative through the country's green pass tav yarok system.

To access the indoor space at restaurants, museums, gyms and any other cultural institutions or attractions, you'll need to present a valid green pass, along with a form of photo identification (a foreign passport will suffice).

Tourists should receive a temporary green pass after filling out the online entry declaration form. The pass includes a large QR code, along with your passport number and validity period.

The green pass I received was valid for one month from one day after my flight arrival (due to the 24-hour isolation requirement).

It was checked at the entrance to my hotel in Tel Aviv and throughout my stay in Israel at most restaurants and museums.

Bottom line

Though Israel is officially open, it still has one of the strictest COVID-19 entry policies of the countries I've visited during the pandemic. Taking two tests, along with a one-day quarantine, isn't seamless.

But, like me, if you've been waiting for almost two years to visit the country, Israel is once again ready to welcome you — though you'll have to jump through a few added hoops to get in.

Israel Opens to Vaccinated International Travelers

In a bid to revive a struggling tourism industry, israel is finally welcoming (fully vaccinated) travelers back, just in time for the holidays..

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Winter holidays in Tel Aviv? It could be possible this season.

Photograph by Aline Fortuna/Shutterstock

For the first time in 18 months, vaccinated travelers from the United States can travel to Israel without being part of an approved tour group.

Back in May, Israel tentatively opened its doors to a select number of smaller tour groups through a pilot reopening program, but now any vaccinated foreigner, including those traveling from the U.S., is allowed to enter the country given they follow a few guidelines.

To enter Israel, travelers must have been fully vaccinated within the past six months with either two doses of the Pfizer or Moderna vaccine or with one dose of the Johnson & Johnson vaccine—and they should be prepared to present a physical or digital version of their vaccination certificate. Those who have recently recovered from COVID-19 and those who have recovered and received at least one dose of WHO-approved vaccines will also be allowed to travel to Israel.

Additionally, travelers must take a COVID-19 PCR test no more than 72 hours before their outbound flight to Israel, fill out a passenger declaration form , and take another PCR test upon arrival. Visitors will be asked to quarantine in a hotel until their results return or until 24 hours pass—whichever comes first. It should also be noted that anyone who presents falsified documents or bucks Israel’s COVID isolation policies will be banned from the country for a period of five years, according to Israel’s Ministry of Health .

Authorities hope opening the country’s gates to a larger swath of travelers will breathe new life into the struggling tourism industry. Before the pandemic, the holiday season in a typical year would bring hundreds of thousands to Bethlehem, considered the biblical birthplace of Jesus, in the Israeli-occupied West Bank.

Israel had hoped to reopen to tourists last spring but delayed the move amid a spike in cases driven by the highly contagious Delta variant. Israel has since rolled out a booster campaign in which nearly half the population has received a third vaccine dose.

Israel has just emerged from its third COVID surge and reported nearly 42,000 COVID cases in the past month, well below the country’s peak of 220,000 cases, which it experienced in January 2021, according to Johns Hopkins University .

“We have been awaiting this moment, to bring back international travelers into our country, for a very long time now,” said Yoel Razvozov, Israel’s Minister of Tourism. “We’re ecstatic to share our country with everyone once again.”

International travel requirements and restrictions continue to evolve throughout the pandemic. Check the U.S. State Department’s detailed COVID-19 travel information and country-specific advisories , which are updated regularly.

Additionally, all international passengers age two and older flying into the U.S., including returning U.S. citizens and permanent residents, must provide proof of a negative COVID-19 test before boarding their flight to the United States.

The CDC also has detailed recommendations for travel during the pandemic, both for vaccinated and unvaccinated travelers.

The Associated Press contributed reporting.

>> Next: AFAR’s Ultimate Guide to Israel Travel

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• Passports, travel and living abroad
• Travel abroad
• Foreign travel advice

Warnings and insurance

This travel advice covers Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPTs).

Your travel insurance could be invalidated if you travel against advice from the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO).

Areas where FCDO advises against travel

FCDO advises against all travel to Gaza.

Areas near Gaza

FCDO advises against all travel to the area close to the border with Gaza that includes:

• south-west of Ashkelon
• south of route 35 and west of route 40 as far as Tlalim, not including Be’er Sheva
• west of Be’er Sheva
• north of route 211

The West Bank

FCDO advises against all travel to the West Bank, excluding East Jerusalem and Route 1 between Jerusalem and Tel Aviv.

Northern Israel

FCDO advises against all travel to:

• within 5km of the border with Lebanon – the Israeli military has announced that the area is a closed military zone and entry into the area is prohibited
• the Sheba’a Farms and Ghajjar
• within 500m of the border with Syria (the ‘Alpha Line’)
• Beit Hillel
• Even Menachem
• Granot Ha’Galil
• Ramot Naftali
• She’ar Yeshuv

The rest of Israel and the OPTs

FCDO advises against all but essential travel to the rest of Israel and the OPTs .

Find out more about why FCDO advises against travel .

Conflict in Israel and the OPTs

On 7 October 2023 there was a large-scale terrorist attack by Hamas in southern Israel. Hamas continues to launch rockets into Israel and the Israeli Defence Forces are conducting significant military activity in Gaza.

There is also increased military activity by the Israeli Defence Forces around Gaza, within the West Bank and on Israel’s northern border.

There are continued exchanges of rocket and small arms fire over Israel’s northern border with Lebanon and a potential increase in rocket attacks and other incidents of violence across Israel and the OPTs , including the West Bank.

On 13 April 2024 Iran launched an attack against Israel, using UAVs, ballistic and cruise missiles fired from Iran into Israel.

We recognise this a fast-moving situation that poses significant risks. The situation has potential to deteriorate quickly and without warning. This could disrupt air and road links out of the country. If your reason to remain in Israel and the OPTs is not essential you should consider leaving if it is safe to do so.

If you are in an area affected by the fighting, follow the instructions of Israeli Home Front Command. To find these:

• visit the Israeli Home Front Command website (available in Israel only)
• call 104 if you are in Israel

The Israeli government has declared a state of emergency across the whole country. International borders (air and land) in Israel and the OPTs could close at short notice. Check the travel advice for any neighbouring country that you are planning to travel to or through.

Before travelling within Israel or  the OPTs , check the local measures in place, that roads are open and, where appropriate, that scheduled train and bus services are operating.

Monitor this travel advice and other media as the situation is changing fast. Follow and contact FCDO travel on Twitter , Facebook and Instagram . You can also get email notifications when this travel advice is updated.

Read FCDO advice if you’re affected by a crisis abroad .

Travel within or out of Israel or the OPTs is at your own risk. You are encouraged to follow the advice of local authorities, for example on which routes are open or when to take shelter.

Travelling to Egypt from Gaza

The Rafah border crossing continues to be open for controlled and time-limited periods to allow specific groups of foreign nationals, including British nationals, to cross. It is for the Egyptian and Israeli authorities to determine who is permitted to cross, and when. The Egyptian Ministry of Foreign Affairs will contact embassies to let them know when their foreign nationals can cross. Should we receive notification from the Israeli and Egyptian authorities that individuals are permitted to cross, we will notify those people individually.

If you are a British national in Gaza who wants to leave Gaza, you should make contact with us as soon as possible.

If you are a UK visa holder who meets all of the following criteria, you can contact us to request support to leave Gaza:

• you have a spouse/partner or a child aged 17 or under currently living in the UK; and
• you hold valid permission to enter or remain in the UK for longer than 6 months

Contact FCDO by calling:

• +44 176 766 7600 (UK number)
• +972 (0)3 725 1222
• +972 (0)2 541 4100

Movement to the Rafah crossing and beyond is at your own risk, and dependent on the permission of the Egyptian and Israeli authorities. You should only travel if you judge it is safe to do so. Check the Egypt travel advice .

Help and support in Israel and the OPTs

Contact your travel provider and insurer.

Contact your travel provider and your insurer. They will tell you if they can help and what you need to do.

Help from FCDO in Israel and the OPTs

Consular support is severely limited where FCDO advises against travel.

If you need consular assistance call:

Help from other organisations 

Keep up to date with local travel advice through local news outlets and international outlets like the Access Coordination Unit .

Concern for friends and family

If you are in the UK and concerned about a friend or family member who is in Israel or the OPTs call FCDO on 020 7008 5000. 

Before you travel

No travel can be guaranteed safe. Read all the advice in this guide and any specific travel advice that applies to you:

• women travellers
• disabled travellers
• LGBT+ travellers
• solo and independent travel
• volunteering and adventure travel

Travel insurance

If you choose to travel, research your destinations and get appropriate travel insurance . Insurance should cover your itinerary, planned activities and expenses in an emergency.

About FCDO travel advice 

FCDO provides advice about risks of travel to help British nationals make informed decisions. Find out more about FCDO travel advice .

Follow and contact FCDO travel on Twitter , Facebook and Instagram . You can also sign up to get email notifications when this advice is updated.

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Israel Travel Guide

Currently, all travelers will be allowed to enter Israel regardless of their age, nationality, or vaccination/recovery status.

The only requirement to enter Israel, is the Pre-Flight Traveler Entry Declaration form which must be filled out within (less than) 10 days prior to your scheduled flight departure time.

Click Here for a detailed list of what to bring to the airport.

If a traveler tests positive at any time while in Israel, they will be required to adhere to the full quarantine guidelines – Click Here for the full guidelines.

Departing Israel: All travelers

Israeli Government Requirements:

As long as a traveler is not obligated to be in quarantine on the date and time of their scheduled flight – there are no Israeli Government requirements in terms of pre flight covid testing in order to depart from Israel.

Destination Requirements:

Most countries in the world have specific pre flight covid testing requirements in order to check in and/or board a flight to their respective countries. Please check the rules of the country/countries you are traveling to.

USA Specific Pre Flight Covid Testing Requirement:

Effective 6/12/2022 there is no longer any pre-flight Covid testing requirement in order to enter the United States.

Stopover / Layover

Please note – there is a universally accepted rule that if you have an indirect flight (with a layover/stopover) and you meet all of the following 3 requirements, you need to meet the requirements of your final destination and not the stopover destination

All legs of your scheduled flight/s are on 1 itinerary – and not separate tickets/itineraries Your stopover/layover is less than 12 hours You do not leave the airport or clear thru border patrol of the stopover/layover destination

What to Bring to the Airport:

All travelers (regardless of age, nationality or status) must have their original, physical valid Foreign Passport or Israeli Passport.

Click here for step by step instructions on how to fill out the traveler entry declaration

All travelers must complete the following ministry of health “traveler entry” declaration within (less then) 10 daysprior to their flight. Click Here to enter the “traveler entry” deceleration page.

After completing the Travel Entry Declaration page, you will receive and email (within 2-3 min after completion). Please print that email and bring it with you to the airport along with any attachments (incoming statement and/or green pass) that accompanied the email.

If only 1 parent is traveling with a Minor Child: Please note, if the minor child is traveling with only one parent, you will need a formal notarized letter from the non-traveling parent authorizing the traveling parent of the child to travel outside the country The letter should be signed by both parents, notarized, and include the passport image of the non traveling parent The letter should state: I (name of non-traveling parent) with passport # (fill in number) give full permission for my partner (name of traveling parent) with passport # (fill in #) to travel to Israel with our child (fill in name of child and passport #)

This letter must be notarized and accompanied by a clear picture of the non-traveling parent.

Traveler Entry Declaration Form

All travelers must complete the following ministry of health “traveler entry” declaration within (less then) 48 hours prior to their flight. Click Here to view our step by step instructions on filling out the “Traveler Entry” deceleration page.

After completing the Travel Entry Declaration page, you will receive and email (within 2-3 min after completion) with a PDF attachment. Please print that email and attachment, and bring it with you to the airport along.

Click Here for the form

Quarantine Guidance

This is only applicable to travelers who test positive while in Israel. Full Quarantine/Isolation is now 5 days via the following method

For any traveler that enters Israel and tests positive for COVID-19 upon arrival or at any time during their stay in Israel – You will have to quarantine for a full 5 days (not including the date you tested positive). You will be permitted to quarantine at a private residence of your choosing until your quarantine period is over. You may take a PCR test on the 5th day – Once that test comes back negative, you are free from quarantine without any other request, application, or documentation required.  You may not leave/fly/travel out of Israel while in quarantine.

Please note that the following information is subject to modification and change at any time, at the discretion of the Israeli government.

Travel to israel: all travelers.

Questions and Inquiries: For all questions or clarifications related to travel, please email us at [email protected], please make sure to include your phone number.

Emergencies: If this is urgent and you need immediate assistance, please call David Kushner, Amudim’s Director of Government Relations, at 646-517-0222 ext 218, 24 hours a day.

Amudim Headquarters: 11 Broadway Suite 1076 New York, NY 10004 Phone: (646) 517-0222

Legal Disclaimer

Due to the continuously ongoing changes, that often happen without advance warning – Amudim attempts to keep this information up to date. Amudim assumes no responsibility for the accuracy of the information provided, as changes in Israeli government policy occur frequently. Amudim also does not guarantee results and can not be held responsible for the outcome of an application request.

Amudim’s No Fee Policy

Consistent with Amudim’s mission and values, the organization maintains a strict no-fee policy. We neither charge for our myriad services nor solicit donations in exchange for results. Should anyone hear of an incident where monies were requested by Amudim personnel or affiliates in exchange for services, whether as a charge or by donation, please report the incident to us immediately by email to [email protected]. We take such allegations very seriously and will swiftly and efficiently investigate and address all such reports.

Advertisement

The U.S. issues new travel guidelines, warning that Iran will avenge the killings of senior commanders.

The State Department has barred its employees from traveling to large parts of Israel. Iran has repeatedly vowed to strike back over the deadly bombing this month of an Iranian Embassy complex in Syria.

• Share full article

By Liam Stack and Eric Schmitt

• April 12, 2024

Several countries including the United States have issued new travel guidelines for Israel and the surrounding region, as the Israeli military said its forces were “highly alert” for a possible Iranian strike in retaliation for the killings of several commanders.

Iran has repeatedly vowed to strike back at Israel over the bombing of an Iranian Embassy complex in Damascus, Syria, this month that killed three generals and four other military officers. An American official said on Friday that Washington expects an attack by Iran against Israel that would be bigger than recent attacks in the long shadow war between the two countries, but not so big that it would draw the United States into war. The official spoke on condition of anonymity because of the sensitivity of the matter.

The U.S. State Department on Thursday barred its employees from traveling to large parts of Israel, the first time the U.S. government had restricted the movement of its employees in this way since the war in Gaza began more than six months ago.

On Thursday, Britain told its citizens that they “should consider leaving” Israel and the Palestinian territories “if it is safe to do so.” On Friday, India told its citizens “not to travel to Iran or Israel till further notice,” while France advised people not to travel to Israel, Iran or Lebanon and evacuated the families of French diplomats from Iran.

Asked about the U.S. travel warning , Matthew Miller, the State Department spokesman, said at a news briefing Thursday: “We have seen Iran making public threats against Israel in the past few days.” He declined to provide details about any specific information that prompted the warning.

The new guidelines bar U.S. government employees and their families from traveling to locations outside the Tel Aviv, Jerusalem and Beersheba metropolitan areas “out of an abundance of caution” until further notice. The State Department said U.S. personnel could move among those areas for personal travel.

The top American military commander for the Middle East, Gen. Michael E. Kurilla, traveled to Israel to coordinate a response to possible Iranian retaliation, U.S. officials said.

“Our enemies think that they will divide Israel and the United States,” the Israeli defense minister, Yoav Gallant, said in a statement on Friday after meeting with General Kurilla. “They are connecting us and are strengthening the relationship between us.”

If Iran attacks, he added, “we will know how to respond.”

On Thursday, the Israeli military’s chief spokesman, Rear Adm. Daniel Hagari, said that the armed forces were “highly alert and prepared” for any action Iran might take, even as the timing and scale of any response remained unclear. Analysts say that Tehran, which has long used a network of proxy forces to project power across the Middle East, wants to avoid igniting a full-fledged war that could drag in the United States and threaten the survival of Iran’s regime.

“For years, and even more so during the war, Iran has been financing, directing and arming its proxies — in Lebanon, Gaza, Syria, Iraq and Yemen — to attack the state of Israel,” he said. “An attack from Iranian territory would be clear evidence of Iran’s intentions to escalate the Middle East and stop hiding behind the proxies.”

Liam Stack is a Times reporter covering the Israel-Hamas war from Jerusalem. More about Liam Stack

Eric Schmitt is a national security correspondent for The Times, focusing on U.S. military affairs and counterterrorism issues overseas, topics he has reported on for more than three decades. More about Eric Schmitt

Our Coverage of the Israel-Hamas War

News and Analysis

Gazans released from Israeli detention described graphic scenes of physical abuse  in testimonies gathered by U.N. workers, according to a new report.

Britain, the United States, France and other allies of Israel have voiced their anger over the death toll in Gaza, but when Iran launched a missile barrage at Israel, they set it aside . At least for the moment.

The Israel pavilion at the Venice Biennale is closed this year, since its creative team decided not to exhibit work  until there was a cease-fire and hostage deal in Gaza, but it was nonetheless the site of a large demonstration .

A Surprising Rift: The Israel-Hamas war, which has roiled cultural and political institutions far beyond the Middle East, is causing divisions in a prominent Japanese American group .

Mobilizing the American Left: As the death toll in Gaza climbed, the pro-Palestinian movement grew into a powerful, if disjointed, political force in the United States . Democrats are feeling the pressure.

Riding Rage Over Israel: Jackson Hinkle’s incendiary commentary  has generated over two million new followers on X since October — a surge that some researchers say is aided by inauthentic accounts by the online celebrity.

Psychedelics and Trauma: Thousands of festival-goers were using mind-altering substances when Hamas-led fighters attacked on Oct 7. Now, scientists are studying the effects of such drugs at a moment of trauma .

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U.S. issues travel warning for Israel as Iran expected to attack any time

Update: Iran launched drone attacks against Israel on Saturday. Read CBS News'  latest coverage here .

Tel Aviv  — Israel is bracing for a worst-case scenario that U.S. officials believe could materialize within just hours — the possibility of a direct attack on Israeli soil by Iran in retaliation for a strike almost two weeks ago that killed seven Iranian military officers. Iran has vowed to take revenge for Israel killing its commanders, who were hit by an April 1 strike on the Iranian embassy in Syria's capital.

Two U.S. officials told CBS News that a major Iranian attack against Israel was expected as soon as Friday, possibly to include more than 100 drones and dozens of missiles aimed at military targets inside the country. Sources have told CBS News the retaliation could include attacks carried out both by Iranian forces, and proxy groups around the region that it has been funneling additional arms to for weeks.  

The officials said it would be challenging for the Israelis to defend against an attack of that magnitude, and while they held out the possibility that the Iranians could opt for a smaller-scale attack to avoid a dramatic escalation, their retaliation was believed to be imminent. 

Asked Friday how imminent he believes an attack is, President Biden responded, "I don't want to get into secure information, but my expectation is sooner than later." The president urged Iran not to move forward, saying his message to Tehran was: "Don't."

Tehran has not indicated publicly how or when it will return fire, so it's unclear how far Iran's leaders will go. If they decide to carry out a direct attack on Israel, there's fear it could blow Israel's ongoing war against Iranian ally Hamas up into a much wider regional conflict.

With the Iranian retaliation expected at any time, the U.S. State Department on Thursday warned Americans in Israel not to travel outside major cities, which are better protected from incoming rocket fire by the country's Iron Dome missile defense system. The latest guidance noted that travel by U.S. government employees in Israel could be further restricted with little notice as things develop in the tinderbox region.

"Whoever harms us, we will harm them," Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu vowed Thursday as he visited troops at an Israel Defense Forces airbase. "We are prepared … both defensively and offensively."

On Saturday, all U.S. embassies in the Middle East were put on high alert and required to hold emergency action committee meetings. Diplomats in Lebanon and Israel were specifically told not to travel to certain areas within those countries.

Sima Shine, a security expert and former official with Israel's national intelligence agency Mossad, told CBS News it was a dangerous moment for the region, and the "most worried" she has been. She said anxiety over an all-out war was likely just as high "on both sides, in Israel and in Iran."

If Iran does choose to strike Israel directly, it could involve a complex missile and drone attack similar to the one Iranian forces launched against a Saudi oil facility in 2019 .

"They will try to do it on the military or some military asset," Shine predicted. "But the question will be the damage. If there would be many injured people, killed or injured … I think it has the potential for a huge escalation."

Shine stressed, however, that she still believes neither side actually wants a regional conflict.

U.S. "really trying to avoid war"

The U.S. sent a senior general to Israel this week to coordinate with the close American ally on any response it might make to an Iranian attack. Speaking Friday on "CBS Mornings," America's top military officer said, "we're really trying to avoid war."

"This is part of the dialogue that I have with my counterparts within the region, to include the Israeli chief of defense, who I talked to yesterday," said Joint Chiefs chairman Gen. Charles Q. Brown, Jr., adding that the U.S. military was "doing things not only to prevent a war, but at the same time, one of my primary things is to make sure all the forces in the region are protected."

"My role, as the chairman of the Joint Chiefs, is to plan and prepare," Brown said. "That's one thing we do very well."

Brown's Israeli counterpart, Chief of the General Staff Lt. Gen. Herzi Halevi, "completed a comprehensive situational assessment on the readiness of the IDF for all scenarios," Israel's military said Friday. 

"The IDF is very strongly prepared, both offensively and defensively, against any threat," Halevi was quoted as saying in the statement. "The IDF continues to monitor closely what is happening in Iran and different arenas, constantly preparing to deal with existing and potential threats in coordination with the United States Armed Forces." 

The IDF said the visiting U.S. general, Central Command chief Gen. Michael Erik Kurilla, was taking part in the IDF's situational assessment.

The dilemma for Iran, said Israeli expert Shine, is to figure out how to deliver its promised response to Israel's attack in Syria, but in a way that does not lead to further escalation. Likewise, Shine said Israel could choose to show restraint when it responds to whatever Iran eventually does.

If either side gets the balance wrong, the consequences for the region, and even the world, could be dire.

Weijia Jiang, David Martin, Margaret Brennan and Olivia Gazis contributed reporting.

U.S. Embassy in Israel Restricts Personal Employee Travel After Iran Attack Threats

T he U.S. Embassy in Israel has issued a new security alert that restricts its government employees and their family members from personal travel outside three cities amid heightened tensions in the region. 

The alert restricted personal travel outside the greater Tel Aviv, Jerusalem, and Be’er Sheva areas until further notice “out of an abundance of caution.”

The embassy said it may also further prohibit travel to certain areas of Israel, including the Old City of Jerusalem, and the West Bank, “in response to security incidents and without advance notice.” 

“The U.S. Embassy in Jerusalem reminds U.S. citizens of the continued need for caution and increased personal security awareness as security incidents often take place without warning,” the security alert published Thursday read . “The security environment remains complex and can change quickly depending on the political situation and recent events.”

The security warning comes after an Israeli airstrike hit an Iranian embassy building in Damascus, Syria on April 1, killing at least seven Iranian officials and ratcheting up fears of a regional war. The Israeli government hasn’t publicly acknowledged the strike.

Iran has vowed to retaliate against Israel and hold the country’s ally, the U.S., answerable. (American officials said Israel did not notify them about the strike and the U.S. was not involved.)

Iran’s supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, has said that Israel "must be punished and it shall be,” Reuters reported. Iran’s Foreign Minister Hossein Amir-Abdollahian previously said in a statement that "The U.S. should be held accountable.”

In turn, Israeli leaders have pledged to respond: “If Iran attacks from its own territory, Israel will respond and attack in Iran,” Foreign Minister Israel Katz posted on X in an English translation.

Read More: Column: Israel’s Dangerous Game With Iran

The tense situation has left U.S. officials scrambling to contain the fallout amid fears that Iran could strike U.S. targets in response. U.S. Gen. Erik Kurilla, head of U.S. Central Command, traveled to Israel on Thursday to address the threats. President Joe Biden said this week that support for Israel against the threat of a “significant attack” from Iran is “ironclad.”

When asked during a news conference Thursday whether the new Israel travel alert was linked to the threat from Iran, State Department spokesperson Matthew Miller said: “We have seen Iran making public threats against Israel in the past few days.”

“Israel’s in a very tough neighborhood, and we have been monitoring the security situation. You saw us slightly adjust our travel warnings at the beginning of this conflict, and we conduct ongoing assessments all the time about the situation on the ground,” he added. 

Miller said he wouldn’t speak to the specific assessments that prompted restricting personal travel, but said the decision was made as a result of monitoring the threat environment in the Middle East, and was made public to ensure U.S. citizens living or traveling in Israel were also aware.   

Read More: U.S. Scrambles to Contain Fallout from Israel’s Strikes on Iranians and Aid Workers

Miller said that U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken spoke to his counterparts in Turkey, China, and Saudi Arabia over the past 24 hours “to make clear that escalation is not in anyone’s interest, and that countries should urge Iran not to escalate.” (The U.S. and Iran have had no diplomatic relations since 1980.)

Amir-Abdollahian said in a post on X that “Iran is not seeking escalation of hostility,” but added he had told the foreign ministers of Germany, the U.K., and Australia in separate calls to condemn Israel’s attack on the embassy building in Damascus. Amir-Abdollahian said that the return to “sustainable security” was tied to “controlling” Israel and ending its war in Gaza.

The strike in Syria this month was the latest in a series of tense incidents between the region’s major players and their allies following Hamas’ attack on Israel in October and the ensuing war that has devastated Gaza. Those include increased violence along the Israel-Lebanon border between Israel’s military and Hezbollah militants, Red Sea attacks by Yemen’s Houthi rebels that prompted retaliatory airstrikes from the U.S. and U.K., and a drone strike that killed three U.S. soldiers in Jordan, triggering a U.S. air assault in response against militias.

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Israel on edge for Iranian retaliation after embassy strike

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IRAN WANTS TO AVOID ESCALATION, SOURCES SAY

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Israel attacks Iran, sources say, drones reported over Isfahan

Israel has attacked Iran, three people familiar with the matter said, as Iranian state media reported early on Friday that its forces had destroyed drones, days after Iran launched a retaliatory drone strike on Israel.

At least two people were killed in a suicide blast attack in Pakistan's Karachi on Friday that struck a vehicle in which foreign nationals were travelling, broadcaster Geo News reported.

US restricts travel of embassy workers in Israel as Iran retaliation looms

Editor's Note: This page is a summary of news on the Israel-Hamas war for Thursday, April 11. For the latest news on the conflict in the Middle East, view our story for Friday, April 12 .

The U.S. State Department issued a security alert Thursday for its personnel and their families in Israel, limiting where they can go amid increased concerns of an Iranian attack.

“Out of an abundance of caution, U.S. government employees and their family members are restricted from personal travel outside the greater Tel Aviv (including Herzliya, Netanya, and Even Yehuda), Jerusalem, and Be’er Sheva areas until further notice,’’ the alert says. “U.S. government personnel are authorized to transit between these three areas for personal travel.’’

There’s no reference in the alert to an impending Iranian strike, but Tehran has signaled it will retaliate for the April 1 assault on its consulate in Damascus, which killed seven senior Iranian military officers. Israel is widely believed to have launched that attack, although it has not claimed responsibility.

Secretary of State Antony Blinken reached out in the last day to the foreign ministers of China, Saudi Arabia and Turkey “to make clear that escalation is not in anyone’s interest and that countries should urge Iran not to escalate,” State Department spokesman Matthew Miller told reporters Thursday.

With the Israel-Hamas war still raging past the six-month mark, the U.S. embassy in Jerusalem is also urging American citizens to be mindful of the risks of traveling to Israel, the West Bank and Gaza, warning against visiting the embattled Palestinian territory.

“The security environment remains complex and can change quickly depending on the political situation and recent events,’’ the alert says.

Israel to 'flood Gaza with aid': War of words with Iran also heats up

Developments:

∎ Thousands of ultra-Orthodox Jews demonstrated near a Jerusalem enlistment office, protesting a recent court ruling that means "Haredim" men will be drafted for the first time since Israel was founded in 1948.

∎ Israel is prepared for military confrontations beyond Gaza, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said Thursday, amid concern that Iran was getting ready to strike Israel. "Whoever harms us, we will harm them," he said.

∎ The Israel Defense Forces said it began a "precise, intelligence-based operation to strike terrorist infrastructure and eliminate operatives in central Gaza'' overnight into Thursday.

∎ Russia urged countries in the Middle East to show restraint to avoid "complete destabilization" of the region. Russia also warned its citizens against traveling to the Middle East.

Iran says it must punish Israel because UN didn't condemn embassy attack

Tehran must retaliate for the deadly attack on its consular compound in Damascus last week because the U.N. Security Council failed to condemn the strike or take any action against Israel, Iran’s U.N. mission said in a statement posted Thursday on the X platform.

“Had the U.N. Security Council condemned the Zionist regime’s reprehensible act of aggression on our diplomatic premises in Damascus and subsequently brought to justice its perpetrators, the imperative for Iran to punish this rogue regime might have been obviated,” the statement said.

Despite its threats, Iran has indicated to the U.S. through an intermediary that it will respond in a manner that avoids an escalation of hostilities with Israel and wouldn’t rush into it, Reuters reported. The U.S. has maintained it was not involved in or given advance notice of the attack.

Israel has neither confirmed nor denied responsibility for the April 1 attack on an Iranian consulate annex building adjacent to the Iranian embassy in Syria that killed seven high-ranking Iranian military officers, including Gen. Mohammad Reza Zahedi of the elite Quds Force. Tensions between the nations have increased, and Iran’s supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, warned Wednesday that “the evil regime made a mistake and must be punished.”

The top U.S. commander for the Middle East reportedly arrived in Israel on Thursday for meetings with Israeli Defense Minister Yoav Gallant and other senior defense officials to discuss an anticipated military response from Iran,  Haaretz.com  reported. Gen. Erik Kurilla’s trip comes a day after Blinken spoke with Gallant and “reiterated the United States’ support for Israel’s security and made clear that the U.S. will stand with Israel against any threats by Iran and its proxies,” the State Department said in a statement.

U.S. Central Command, in an email to USA TODAY, declined to confirm Kurilla’s trip: “We do not discuss flag officer travel for operational security.”

Hamas official says cease-fire needed to account for hostages

A senior Hamas official on Thursday deflected questions from journalists concerning fears that many hostages could be dead. The possibility gained traction after Hamas said it was not sure it could provide 40 living Israeli civilian captives as part of a cease-fire proposal. Dr. Basem Naim, a member of political bureau of Hamas, said a cease-fire agreement is needed to provide time and safety to collect information on the captured Israelis. They are held in different places by different militant groups − and some are "under the rubble, killed with our own people" and heavy equipment is required to find them, he said.

No one is asking about the thousands of Palestinians kidnapped by Israel since the Hamas-led attack Oct. 7 that ignited the war, he said.

"The most outrageous is the repeated questions regarding the hostages in Gaza, how many alive or dead, does Hamas rejected the proposal because it can’t release 40 hostages in the first phase, etc ..." he said in a statement posted on Telegram. "The lives of their people aren’t more precious than ours."

UNICEF aid convoy hit with gunfire, turned back from Gaza

A UNICEF convoy was hit by gunfire Wednesday as it tried to deliver aid to northern Gaza, the latest in a series of violent obstructions faced by aid workers in the enclave.

"The incident has been raised with relevant Israeli authorities," UNICEF said in a statement. "Sadly, humanitarians continue to face risks in delivering lifesaving aid."

The incident occurred nine days after a World Central Kitchen aid convoy was attacked by Israeli rockets, killing seven workers − and the same day Israel promised to greatly increase the flow of humanitarian aid into Gaza. The Israeli military did not immediately respond to a USA TODAY request for comment on the incident.

UNICEF spokesperson Tess Ingram told Al Jazeera she was in one of the vehicles at a “holding point” area at a checkpoint. She said three rounds hit the car where she was sitting. The mission had been authorized and the Israeli authorities knew about the convoy, Ingram said. After the shooting, Israeli authorities continued to delay the convoy and it eventually was forced to return to Rafah.

“So those life-saving supplies never made it to the children in northern Gaza,” Ingram said.

Israeli commander pitches aid plan to Red Cross, other agencies

Israel's Southern Command chief, Major General Yaron Finkelman, met with representatives of U.N. agencies, the Red Cross, IMC, USAID and the American Humanitarian Coordinator as part of "increasing coordination and cooperation on the issue of humanitarian aid to the Gaza Strip," the Israeli military announced.

The meeting comes as Israel announced plans to greatly increase access to humanitarian aid for Gaza residents. Plans include a new border crossing designed make it easier to bring humanitarian supplies from overseas and from Jordan to the east.

“These breakthroughs have a direct impact on the flow of aid – we plan to flood Gaza with aid," Gallant said. "It will also streamline security checks and strengthen our work with international partners.”

Contributing: Reuters