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What is a round-trip flight?

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It's one of the first decisions we make when booking a flight: Should I book a round-trip or a one-way flight?

It's typically something you'll think about before you ever click "search" to find flights and airfare.

At face value, it seems like a pretty straightforward choice. Book a one-way flight if you're only flying in one direction, and book a round-trip flight if you'll be returning home ... right?

Unfortunately, it's not quite that simple. Thanks to airline pricing trends and our own personal scheduling quirks, there's a bit more to consider.

There may be cases where you wonder if you're better off booking two one-way flights to save money. You may have uncertain plans that make it difficult to commit to a return flight. In some cases, when visiting a few different cities, you may be better off with something different entirely: a multicity itinerary.

There are also plenty of additional considerations if you're booking an award flight using frequent flyer miles or flying internationally.

Here, we break down the basics of what you need to know about booking round-trip flights.

A round-trip flight is an itinerary from one destination to another, with a flight back to the original destination.

In most cases, this is what you probably book when going on vacation or visiting a family member for a holiday weekend.

Let's say I live in Charlotte and want to fly to Arizona for a spring break trip. I book an itinerary with an outbound flight to Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport (PHX) and a return trip to Charlotte Douglas International Airport (CLT) aboard American Airlines.

The two flights, booked together on a single itinerary, constitute a round trip.

What is the difference between a round-trip flight and a one-way flight?

When you book a round-trip flight, your itinerary includes an outbound flight and a return trip.

A one-way flight only takes you one direction — say, from Charlotte to Phoenix — with no return flight scheduled.

Is a round-trip flight different from 2 one-way flights?

Yes, in terms of how you book your trip. No, in terms of your travel plans themselves.

Again, a round-trip itinerary includes both an outbound flight and a return trip to the city of origin. A one-way flight is a single trip from one airport to another, with no return booked.

Booking 2 one-way flights

However, if you book two one-way flights, you can, in essence, create your own version of a round trip. This could be on the same airline or on two entirely different airlines.

For the purposes of your travel experience, it's effectively a round trip.

But, know that in the airline computer system(s), you'd technically be traveling on two separate reservations. So, you'd receive different trip confirmation numbers for the outbound and return flights.

Is booking 2 one-ways cheaper than a round-trip flight?

In the U.S., splitting a round trip up into two one-way flights on the same airline and travel dates typically makes no difference in terms of price.

However, on a small number of routes, airlines do charge a premium for one-way bookings compared to the price they charge for a round trip. This is more common internationally, where round-trip flights can be a better value than two one-way trips. Booking two separate one-way flights tends to be more expensive for international travel.

Also, budget carriers frequently offer one-way fares at the same price as a round-trip ticket.

That means if you booked separate one-way flights, you'd most likely end up paying the same as, or even more than, a round-trip fare, depending on the route.

Booking 2 one-way flights on different airlines

On the other hand, there are cases where, thanks to a tool like Google Flights , you might discover that you can save money by booking an outbound, one-way flight on one airline and a one-way return flight on a different airline.

For example, last year, TPG contributor Sean Cudahy needed to travel to North Texas for the weekend. Round-trip flights on a single airline from the Washington, D.C., region to Dallas Fort Worth International Airport (DFW) were coming in at more than $600 that particular weekend.

However, he saved a couple hundred dollars by mixing and matching: He booked a one-way, outbound flight to DFW aboard Delta Air Lines and a separate, one-way return flight on American Airlines.

Just keep in mind this can be risky. If your flight on one airline gets significantly delayed — to the point that you miss your return flight — your second airline won't automatically rebook you. The airline staff may not have much sympathy for your situation since your troubles happened aboard a different carrier.

Can I book a round-trip flight to 1 city and then return home from another?

Yes. These flights are known as open-jaw or multicity itineraries. Many airlines offer this booking option.

Let's say I want to fly from Newark Liberty International Airport (EWR) to Orlando International Airport (MCO). I'm going to visit Walt Disney World for a few days. Then, I'm going to take a Brightline train to South Florida and spend a few days at the beach before flying back to New York.

Since these are airports heavily served by JetBlue, I'll use that carrier as an example. On JetBlue's website, I'll select "Multi-city" instead of searching "Roundtrip" or "One-way" flights.

I'll need to separately enter each leg of the trip. Let's do a Saturday departure from Newark to Orlando, and then a Thursday return from Fort Lauderdale/Hollywood International Airport (FLL) to Newark.

You'll end up booked on a single itinerary, with the outbound and return flights linked, but with the different city combinations.

Can I buy a round-trip flight with an open return?

No, not exactly. When you book a round-trip flight, you'll generally have to specify a return leg and date.

If your plans are likely to change, though, what you'll want to do instead is pick a date that's far enough out. You'll need to book with an airline or in a cabin class that doesn't charge change fees. Then, reschedule your return trip once your plans are set. Alternatively, you can book a "flexible" fare, which is more expensive but generally allows easier changes.

Make sure you're familiar with an airline's change-fee policy before booking an open-return round-trip flight. For example, most airlines won't let you cancel or change basic economy tickets.

Should I book mileage or award tickets as 2 one-ways or a round trip?

It largely depends on the route. In some cases, you'll get better award availability if you book two one-way flights. In others, the taxes for two one-way award flights could end up being higher than what you'd pay for a round-trip itinerary.

However, in most cases nowadays, award tickets for two one-way flights and a round-trip flight tend to add up to the same number of miles. Just be sure to check both on an airline's website to ensure you're getting the best possible award availability .

What is RTT(Round Trip Time)?

RTT (Round Trip Time) also called round-trip delay is a crucial tool in determining the health of a network. It is the time between a request for data and the display of that data. It is the duration measured in milliseconds.

RTT can be analyzed and determined by pinging a certain address. It refers to the time taken by a network request to reach a destination and to revert back to the original source. In this scenario, the source is the computer and the destination is a system that captures the arriving signal and reverts it back.

RTT(Round Trip Time) Measurement

What Are Common Factors that Affect RTT?

There are certain factors that can bring huge changes in the value of RTT. These are enlisted below:

Distance: It is the length in which a signal travels for a request to reach the server and for a response to reach the browser,
Transmission medium: The medium which is used to route a signal, which helps in faster transfer of request is transmitted.
Network hops: It is the time that servers take to process a signal, on increasing the number of hops, RTT will also increase.
Traffic levels: Round Trip Time generally increases when a network is having huge traffic which results in that, for low traffic RTT will also be less.
Server response time: It is the time taken by a server to respond to a request which basically depends on the capacity of handling requests and also sometimes on the nature of the request.

Applications of RTT

Round Trip Time refers to a wide variety of transmissions such as wireless Internet transmissions and satellite transmissions. In Internet transmissions, RTT may be identified by using the ping command. In satellite transmissions, RTT can be calculated by making use of the Jacobson/Karels algorithm.

Advantages of RTT

Calculation of RTT is advantageous because:

It allows users and operators to identify how long a signal will take to complete the transmission.
It also determines how fast a network can work and the reliability of the network.

Example: Let us assume there are two users, one of which wants to contact the other one. One of them is located in California while the other one is situated in Germany. When the one in California makes the request, the network traffic is transferred across many routers before reaching the server located in Germany. Once the request reverts back to California, a rough estimation of the time taken for this transmission could be made. This time taken by the transmitted request is referred to as RTT. The Round Trip Time is a mere estimate. The path between the two locations can change as the passage and network congestion can come into play, affecting the total period of transmission.

How Does Round-Trip Time Work?

Consider a topology where an appliance named “Exinda” is located between the client and the server. The diagram shown below depicts how the concept of RTT works:

RTT Calculation

For the calculation of Average RTT, RTTS for server and client needs to be calculated separately. The performed calculations are shown below:

Server RTT: RTT1 = T2 – T1 RTT2 = T5 – T4

Client RTT: RTT3 = T3 – T2 RTT4 = T7 – T6

Average RTT: Avg Server RTT = (RTTs1 + RTTs2) / 2 Avg Client RTT = (RTTc1 + RTTc2) / 2 Avg Total RTT = Avg Server RTT + Avg Client RTT

You can refer to the Program to calculate RTT for more details.

Measures To Reduce RTT

A significant reduction in RTT can be made using Content Delivery Network (CDN) . A CDN refers to a network of various servers, each acquiring a copy of the content on a particular website. It addresses the factors affecting RTT in the enlisted ways:

Points of Presence (PoP)
Web caching
Load distribution
Scalability
Tier 1 access

CDN has been largely successful in reducing the value of RTT and due to this, a decrease in RTT by 50% is achievable.

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Understanding & Reducing Network Round-Trip Time (RTT in Networking)

Table of contents.

In the dynamic realm of modern business operations, the heartbeat of connectivity relies on the seamless flow of information across networks. Network administrators and IT professionals, entrusted with the pivotal responsibility of maintaining these vital lifelines, understand the significance of every nanosecond.

In a world where time equates to money and efficiency is non-negotiable, the RTT in networking emerges as a pivotal metric. It represents the time taken for a packet of data to travel from its source to its destination and back again, reflecting the responsiveness and effectiveness of your network infrastructure. As businesses increasingly rely on cloud-based applications, remote collaboration tools, and real-time data analytics, the optimization of RTT has become more critical than ever.

In this comprehensive exploration, we will decode the intricacies of Network Round-Trip Time, demystifying its importance and empowering network administrators and IT professionals with actionable insights to reduce RTT and enhance network performance.

What is Network Round-Trip Time (RTT in Networking)?

First, let’s make sure we’re all on the same page.

Network Round-Trip Time (RTT) in networking, also commonly referred to as Round-Trip Latency or simply Latency, is a crucial metric that measures the time it takes for a packet of data to travel from its source to its destination and back again to the source . RTT is typically expressed in milliseconds (ms) and is a fundamental aspect of network performance.

Here's a breakdown of what RTT encompasses:

Transmission Time : This is the time it takes for a packet of data to travel from the sender to the receiver. It includes the propagation time (the time it takes for the signal to physically travel through the network medium) and the processing time (the time it takes for routers, switches, and other network devices to handle the packet).
Propagation Delay : This is the time it takes for an electrical or optical signal to travel over the physical medium, such as a copper or fibre-optic cable. Propagation delay depends on the distance the signal needs to cover and the speed of light or electricity in the medium.
Queuing and Processing Delay : As data packets pass through routers and switches in a network, they may spend some time in queues waiting for their turn to be processed. This queuing and processing delay can vary based on network congestion and the efficiency of network devices.

In summary, Network Round-Trip Time (RTT) is a key metric in networking that measures the time it takes for data to travel from its source to its destination and back, encompassing transmission time, propagation delay, and queuing/processing delay. It plays a significant role in determining the responsiveness and efficiency of networked applications and services.

What is Network Round-Trip Time (RTT in Networking)

The Role of RTT (Network Round-Trip Time) in Network Responsiveness

Network responsiveness, often measured by RTT, is the cornerstone of user satisfaction and efficient operations.

RTT is a critical factor in network performance because it directly impacts the responsiveness of network applications and services. Low RTT values indicate that data can travel quickly between endpoints, resulting in faster response times for applications and a more seamless user experience. On the other hand, high RTT values can lead to delays and sluggish performance.

Reducing RTT is essential in scenarios where real-time communication, online gaming, video conferencing, or the timely delivery of data is crucial. Network administrators and IT professionals often work to optimize RTT by employing various strategies such as using content delivery networks (CDNs), minimizing network congestion, and optimizing routing paths.

User Expectations : Today's users have high expectations for network responsiveness. Whether it's loading a web page, streaming a video, or making a VoIP call, users demand minimal delays. A low RTT ensures that users experience quick response times, leading to seamless and satisfactory interaction with applications and services.
Real-Time Applications : Many critical business applications, such as video conferencing, online collaboration tools, and financial trading platforms, require real-time data exchange. RTT directly impacts the effectiveness of these applications. A shorter RTT means that data reaches its destination faster, enabling real-time interactions without noticeable delays.

I. Network Round-Trip Time (RTT) and User Experience

User experience is a key driver of customer satisfaction and loyalty. RTT plays a pivotal role in shaping this experience.

Website Performance : For businesses with an online presence, website performance is paramount. A website with low RTT loads quickly, ensuring that visitors can access information, make purchases, or engage with content without frustrating delays. Studies have shown that longer page load times due to high RTT can result in higher bounce rates and decreased conversions.
Video and Media Streaming : In an era of video marketing and content consumption, RTT directly influences the quality of video streaming. Lower RTT values mean faster buffer-free streaming, enhancing the viewer's experience and reducing the likelihood of video interruptions.

II. Network Round-Trip Time’s (RTT) Impact on Business Operations

Beyond user experience, RTT has a profound impact on various aspects of business operations:

Productivity : In a remote or hybrid work environment, where employees rely on cloud-based applications and data access, RTT can significantly impact productivity. Sluggish network performance due to high RTT values can lead to frustration, downtime, and decreased efficiency.
Data Transfer : Businesses often need to transfer large volumes of data between locations or to the cloud. High RTT can lead to slow data transfer speeds, potentially affecting data backup, disaster recovery, and the ability to access critical information in a timely manner.
Customer Service : For businesses that provide customer support or run call centers, low RTT is essential for clear and uninterrupted VoIP calls. High RTT can lead to call dropouts, poor call quality, and dissatisfied customers.
E-commerce : In the world of e-commerce, where every millisecond counts, RTT can impact sales and customer retention. Slow-loading product pages and checkout processes due to high RTT values can result in abandoned shopping carts and lost revenue.

Understanding the significance of RTT in modern networking is not just a technical matter; it's a fundamental aspect of delivering a positive user experience, maintaining productivity, and ensuring the seamless operation of critical business processes. Network administrators and IT professionals must prioritize RTT optimization to meet the demands of today's digital business landscape.

Ready to Optimize Your Network's Round-Trip Time? Try Obkio Today!

Are you eager to take control of your network's performance and reduce Round-Trip Time (RTT) to boost productivity and enhance user experiences? Look no further than Obkio's Network Performance Monitoring tool, the ultimate solution for network administrators and IT professionals.

Why Choose Obkio:

Real-Time Monitoring : Obkio provides real-time visibility into your network, allowing you to identify latency bottlenecks and pinpoint performance issues as they happen.
User-Friendly Interface : With an intuitive and user-friendly interface, Obkio makes it easy to monitor your network's RTT and other critical metrics without the need for complex configurations.
Actionable Insights : Obkio offers actionable insights and recommendations to help you optimize your network's performance, reduce RTT, and ensure seamless business operations.
Customized Alerts : Set up custom alerts to be notified of performance deviations, ensuring that you can proactively address issues before they impact your users.

Unlock the Full Potential of Your Network with Obkio. Get Started Today!

Don't let network latency hold your business back. Take the first step towards optimizing your network's Round-Trip Time and providing an exceptional user experience. Try Obkio's Network Performance Monitoring tool now and experience the difference.

Measuring and Calculating Network Round-Trip Time: How to Calculate RTT

While understanding the significance of RTT is vital, the ability to quantify and interpret it accurately is equally crucial for network administrators and IT professionals.

In this section, we’ll equip you with the knowledge and tools necessary to measure, calculate, and make sense of RTT metrics effectively. RTT measurement is not merely a technical exercise; it's a strategic endeavour that empowers you to fine-tune your network for peak performance, deliver an exceptional user experience, and ensure the seamless operation of critical business processes.

So, join us as we explore the RTT formula, discover the range of tools at your disposal for RTT measurement, and learn the art of interpreting RTT metrics.

I. Understanding the Network RTT Formula

The RTT formula is a fundamental concept for anyone aiming to measure and manage network latency effectively. It provides a straightforward way to calculate the Round-Trip Time between two endpoints in a network.

The formula for RTT is as follows:

RTT = (t2 - t1) + (t4 - t3)

t1 : The time at which the sender sends the packet.
t2 : The time at which the sender receives an acknowledgment (ACK) from the receiver.
t3 : The time at which the receiver receives the packet.
t4 : The time at which the receiver sends the ACK back to the sender.

Understanding this formula allows you to measure RTT manually by recording these timestamps. In practice, however, RTT is often measured automatically using specialized tools and software.

I. Tools for Measuring Network RTT

Accurate RTT measurement is crucial for network administrators and IT professionals. Fortunately, a range of tools and methods are available to simplify this process:

Network Monitoring Software : Comprehensive network monitoring solutions, such as Obkio's Network Performance Monitoring tool , offer real-time RTT measurement and historical data tracking. These tools provide insights into RTT trends, allowing you to identify performance fluctuations and optimize network resources.
Ping : The ping command is a simple and widely used tool for measuring RTT. It sends ICMP echo requests to a destination and records the time it takes for responses to return. While ping provides basic RTT information, it may not be suitable for more detailed analysis.
Traceroute : Traceroute is another command-line tool that helps you trace the path a packet takes to reach its destination. It provides information about each hop along the route, including RTT values. Traceroute is useful for diagnosing latency issues and identifying bottlenecks in the network.
Packet Analyzers : Packet analyzers like Wireshark capture network packets and provide detailed analysis, including RTT calculations. They are invaluable for diagnosing complex network issues but require a deeper understanding of packet-level data.
Cloud-Based Monitoring Services : Cloud-based services can measure RTT from multiple locations globally, offering a broader perspective on network performance. These services often include user-friendly dashboards and alerting features.

III. Interpreting Network RTT Metrics

Interpreting RTT metrics is essential for making informed decisions about network optimization. Here's how to understand the data:

Baseline RTT : Establish a baseline RTT for your network under normal operating conditions. This baseline serves as a reference point for identifying deviations and potential issues.
Variability : Monitor the variability of RTT values over time. Consistently high or fluctuating RTT can indicate network congestion, equipment problems, or other performance bottlenecks.
Comparing RTT Metrics : Compare RTT metrics between different endpoints, routes, or network segments. This can help pinpoint specific areas of concern and prioritize optimization efforts.
Thresholds and Alerts : Set RTT thresholds and network monitoring alerts to be notified when latency exceeds acceptable levels. Proactive alerting allows you to address performance issues before they impact users.
Root Cause Analysis : When RTT metrics indicate performance problems, use additional tools and diagnostics to perform a root cause analysis. Isolate the source of latency and implement corrective measures.

Interpreting RTT metrics effectively empowers network administrators and IT professionals to make data-driven decisions, optimize network performance, and deliver a seamless user experience.

In conclusion, understanding the RTT formula, utilizing measurement tools, and interpreting RTT metrics are essential steps in managing and improving network latency. These skills enable network professionals to diagnose issues, identify opportunities for optimization, and ensure efficient network performance.

IV. How to Calculate RTT in Networking: An Example

Let's walk through a simple example of calculating Network Round-Trip Time (RTT) for a packet of data travelling between two devices.

Suppose you have a sender ( Device A ) and a receiver ( Device B ) connected to the same network. You want to measure the RTT for a packet of data sent from Device A to Device B and back.

Here are the key timestamps you'll need to measure or record:

t1 : The time at which Device A sends the packet.
t2 : The time at which Device A receives an acknowledgment (ACK) from Device B.
t3 : The time at which Device B receives the packet.
T4 : The time at which Device B sends the ACK back to Device A.

Now, let's assume the following timestamps:

t1 : 12:00:00.000 (Device A sends the packet)
t2 : 12:00:00.150 (Device A receives the ACK from Device B)
t3 : 12:00:00.200 (Device B receives the packet)
t4 : 12:00:00.350 (Device B sends the ACK back to Device A)

Now, you can use the RTT formula to calculate the Round-Trip Time:

Plug in the values:

RTT = (12:00:00.150 - 12:00:00.000) + (12:00:00.350 - 12:00:00.200)

RTT = 0.150 seconds + 0.150 seconds

RTT = 0.300 seconds

So, in this example, the calculated Network Round-Trip Time (RTT) for the packet travelling between Device A and Device B is 0.300 seconds, or 300 milliseconds (ms).

This RTT value represents the time it took for the data packet to travel from Device A to Device B and back, including the time it spent in transit and the time it took for the acknowledgment to return.

In this article, we explore the importance of testing network latency for businesses and provide tools and techniques for accurately measuring latency.

How to Measure Network Round-Trip Time with NPM Tools

When it comes to measuring and optimizing Network Round-Trip Time (RTT), Network Performance Monitoring (NPM) tools are your go-to.

NPM tools provide real-time visibility into network performance and continuously and comprehensively monitor various aspects of a network, allowing network administrators to track RTT metrics at multiple points in the network infrastructure.

By offering a granular view of RTT, NPM tools help identify performance bottlenecks, allowing for swift diagnosis and targeted optimization. Additionally, NPM tools often include alerting features that notify administrators when RTT exceeds predefined thresholds, enabling proactive problem resolution before end-users experience the impact.

Moreover, NPM tools are equipped with historical data analysis capabilities, allowing network professionals to identify trends and patterns in RTT values. By identifying long-term RTT patterns, administrators can make informed decisions about capacity planning, infrastructure upgrades, or routing optimization to ensure consistent low-latency network performance.

In a world where network responsiveness is crucial for user satisfaction and business productivity, NPM tools are invaluable for network administrators and IT professionals aiming to maintain optimal RTT and deliver a seamless user experience. Let’s learn how to deploy them!

Step 1. Deploy A Network Performance Monitoring Tool with RTT Monitoring Features

High RTT can lead to delays and sluggish network performance - but how can you know the extent of the problem?

The most accurate way to measure RTT and other key network metrics is by using a Synthetic Network Performance Monitoring Software, like Obkio.

Unlike standalone RTT monitoring tools, Obkio provides a holistic approach to network performance analysis, making it the best choice for measuring RTT and network performance as a whole. With Obkio, gain access to real-time monitoring and reporting features that allow them to measure RTT across their entire network infrastructure, including routers, switches, and end-user devices.

This end-to-end network monitoring tool not only identifies RTT issues but also provides valuable insights into latency, packet loss, bandwidth utilization and more.

Obkio continuously measures network metrics like network RTT by:

Using Network Monitoring Agents in key network locations
Simulate network traffic with synthetic traffic and synthetic testing
Sending packets every 500ms to measure the round trip time it takes for data to travel
Catch RTT and other network issues affecting key applications and services

Step 2. Measure Round-Trip Time in All Network Locations

Persistent and erratic spikes in Network Round-Trip Time (RTT) measurements are indicative of substantial performance challenges within your network, demanding immediate attention. To pinpoint and resolve these irregularities, implementing RTT monitoring is an indispensable step.

Obkio’s Network Monitoring Solution will measure RRT and other network metrics by sending and monitoring data packets through your network every 500ms using Network Monitoring Agents . The Monitoring Agents are deployed at key network locations like head offices, data centers, and clouds and continuously measure the amount of time it takes for data to travel across your network.

This is extremely important when monitoring RTT and addressing spikes to maintain network efficiency and a smooth user experience, especially in scenarios where real-time data exchange, applications, and services are critical.

For example , you can measure network RTT between your head office and the Microsoft Azure cloud, or even between Azure and your data center.

To deploy monitoring in all your network locations, we recommend deploying:

Local Agents : Installed in the targeted office location experiencing performance issues or latency spikes. There are several Agent types available (all with the same features), and they can be installed on MacOS, Windows, Linux and more.
Public Monitoring Agent : These are deployed over the Internet and managed by Obkio. They compare performance up to the Internet and quickly identify if the performance issue is global or specific to the destination. For example, measure RTT between your branch office and Google Cloud .

Step 3. Measure Round-Trip Time for Network Devices

Network Device Monitoring is also crucial for accurately measuring and managing Network Round-Trip Time (RTT). Network devices, such as routers, switches, and firewalls, play a significant role in determining the latency and RTT experienced by data packets as they traverse the network.

Obkio’s Network Device Monitoring feature is a fast and easy solution to get detailed information about the health of your core network devices. Used with the end-to-end Network Performance Monitoring feature, Network Device Monitoring with SNMP Polling helps IT teams quickly and proactively pinpoint issues with devices like firewalls, routers, switches and Wi-Fi access points.

Network devices are key points of control and routing within a network. Monitoring these devices allows you to gain insights into their performance, such as how efficiently they process and forward data packets. Device monitoring helps identify issues like high CPU utilization, memory constraints, or network interface errors, which can all contribute to increased RTT.

Here are the key network devices you should consider monitoring when measuring network round-trip time:

Routers : Routers are pivotal devices in network traffic management. They determine the path data packets take between networks and subnetworks. Monitoring routers helps identify congestion points, routing issues, and overall device performance.
Switches : Network switches are responsible for forwarding data packets within a local network (LAN). Monitoring switches helps ensure that LAN traffic is efficiently handled and doesn't introduce unnecessary RTT.
Firewalls : Firewalls are essential for network security but can also introduce latency. Monitoring firewalls helps verify that they're processing data packets efficiently and not creating undue RTT delays.
Load Balancers : Load balancers distribute network traffic across multiple servers or resources to ensure load distribution and fault tolerance. Monitoring load balancers helps maintain even traffic distribution and low RTT.
Gateways : Gateways connect different networks, such as LANs to the internet. Monitoring gateways is essential for ensuring data packets are efficiently routed between internal networks and external destinations.
WAN Optimization Devices : These devices are commonly used in wide-area networks (WANs) to reduce latency and optimize data transfer. Monitoring WAN optimization devices ensures they're operating as intended to minimize RTT.
Access Points (APs) : In wireless networks, APs play a critical role in data transmission. Monitoring APs helps maintain consistent wireless network performance, minimizing RTT for mobile or remote users.
DNS Servers : DNS (Domain Name System) servers translate domain names into IP addresses. Monitoring DNS servers ensures that DNS resolution doesn't introduce delays when clients access network resources.
Network Endpoints : Monitoring the performance of endpoints (e.g., servers, workstations, and user devices) is vital for understanding how network devices affect RTT from the user's perspective.
Virtualization and SDN Controllers : In virtualized or software-defined networks, controllers manage network resources and routing. Monitoring these controllers helps ensure efficient data flow and low RTT.

To comprehensively measure and optimize RTT, it's essential to monitor a variety of network devices . The choice of devices to monitor may depend on the specific characteristics of your network and the critical points for your organization.

Step 4. Collect Network Round-Trip Time Measurements

Once you’ve set up your Monitoring Agents for network latency monitoring , they continuously measure metrics like RTT measure and collect data, which you can easily view and analyze on Obkio’s Network Response Time Graph.

Measure RTT throughout your network with updates every minute. This will help you understand and measure good round-trip time measurements for different applications vs. poor latency. If your RTT levels go from good to poor, you can also further drill down to identify exactly why RTT issues are happening, where they’re happening, and how many network locations they’re affecting.

To more accurately measure RTT in your network, and receive alerts when latency measurements are poor, Obkio sends alerts based on historical data and not just static thresholds.

As soon as there’s a deviation in the historical data, and your network is experiencing poor RTT measurements, Obkio sends you an alert.

It’s as simple as that

Step 5. Monitor More Network Metrics Alongside Network Round-Trip Time

Once deployed, Obkio’s Monitoring Agents will begin exchanging synthetic traffic to continuously measure network performance and core network metrics .

When monitoring network performance and assessing the health of your network, it's important to measure a range of network metrics alongside Network Round-Trip Time (RTT) to gain a comprehensive understanding of the network's behaviour and potential issues. Here are several key network metrics to consider:

Packet Loss : Packet loss indicates the percentage of data packets that fail to reach their destination. High packet loss can significantly impact the quality of network services and applications.
Jitter : Jitter is the variation in latency or RTT. Consistent RTT values are desirable, but high jitter can lead to unpredictable network performance, which is problematic for real-time applications like VoIP and video conferencing.
Bandwidth Utilization : Monitoring bandwidth usage helps you identify periods of congestion and overutilization, which can lead to increased RTT. By monitoring bandwidth, you can proactively manage network capacity.
Throughput : Throughput measures the rate at which data is transmitted over the network. It's essential for assessing the actual data transfer capacity of your network, especially for large file transfers or media streaming.
Error Rate : The network error rate indicates the number of data packets with errors or corruption. High error rates can lead to retransmissions, increasing latency and packet loss.
QoS Metrics : Quality of Service (QoS) metrics include parameters like latency, jitter, and packet loss, specific to certain traffic types. Monitoring QoS compliance is essential for prioritizing critical applications and ensuring they meet performance requirements.
Device Performance : Monitoring the performance of network devices such as routers, switches, and firewalls is crucial. High CPU usage , memory issues, or hardware problems can impact network performance and increase RTT.
Availability and Uptime : Monitoring network availability and network uptime is essential for identifying periods of network unavailability or downtime, which can impact services and applications.

By measuring these network metrics alongside RTT, you can gain a holistic view of your network's performance, detect issues promptly, and proactively optimize network resources to provide a seamless user experience and support critical business operations.

Understanding Good vs. Bad Network Round-Trip Time Measurements

In the intricate world of networking, the metric known as Network Round-Trip Time (RTT) serves as a crucial barometer of performance. However, RTT is not a one-size-fits-all metric, and its evaluation must be tailored to the specific needs and demands of a network or application.

In this section, we delve into the nuanced realm of RTT measurements, deciphering what constitutes good and bad readings, and how these metrics reverberate through the fabric of network performance.

Good and bad RTT measurements are relative and depend on the specific context and requirements of a network or application. What is considered good or bad RTT can vary based on factors such as the type of network, the application's sensitivity to latency, and the expectations of users. However, here are some general guidelines to consider:

I. Good Network RTT Measurements

Low and Consistent : Good RTT measurements typically exhibit low and consistent values. Low RTT indicates that data is transmitted quickly, providing a responsive user experience. Consistency ensures that users can rely on predictable network performance.
Match Application Requirements : Good RTT measurements should meet or exceed the requirements of the applications and services being used. For example, real-time applications like video conferencing or online gaming often require RTT values below 100 milliseconds to provide a seamless experience.
Minimal Jitter : Good RTT measurements have minimal jitter, meaning that there is little variation in RTT values. Jitter can disrupt real-time applications, so a stable and low-latency network is desired.

II. Bad Network RTT Measurements:

High and Fluctuating : Bad RTT measurements typically exhibit high values and significant fluctuations. High RTT values can lead to sluggish network performance and application responsiveness, while fluctuations introduce unpredictability.
Exceed Application Tolerances : For some applications, any RTT values beyond specific thresholds can be considered bad. For example, an online multiplayer game might become unplayable with RTT exceeding 200 milliseconds.
Frequent Packet Loss : Consistent packet loss and retransmissions can lead to bad RTT measurements. Packet loss is a sign of network congestion or instability, and it can severely impact network performance.
Long-Term Performance Issues : Consistently bad RTT measurements over an extended period, even if they are not extremely high, may indicate underlying network issues that need to be addressed. It's essential to identify and resolve long-term performance problems to maintain a reliable network.

In summary, good RTT measurements are characterized by low, consistent values that meet the requirements of the network's applications, with minimal jitter. Bad RTT measurements, on the other hand, involve high, fluctuating values, packet loss, and latency that exceeds application tolerances. To assess RTT measurements, it's important to consider the specific network requirements and the impact of latency on user experience in your particular environment.

Identifying, Troubleshooting, and Common Network Round-Trip Time (RTT) Issues

In the world of networking, Network Round-Trip Time (RTT) serves as a vital performance indicator. When RTT issues arise, they can lead to sluggish network responsiveness and user dissatisfaction. This section is your guide to identifying and troubleshooting common RTT problems that can affect network performance.

We'll dive into the practical aspects of recognizing RTT issues, whether through real-time monitoring or user feedback. We'll also explore the common culprits behind elevated RTT, such as congestion and configuration problems.

I. Identifying Network RTT Issues

Real-time Monitoring : Regularly monitor RTT using network performance monitoring tools, like Obkio NPM . These tools provide real-time data on RTT, enabling you to detect anomalies or spikes that might indicate issues.
Baseline Measurement : Establish a baseline for expected RTT values in your network. Deviations from this baseline can be an early indicator of RTT problems.
User Feedback : Listen to user complaints or feedback. Slow application response times or connectivity issues reported by users can be indicative of RTT issues.
Historical Analysis : Analyze historical RTT data to identify patterns or trends. Consistent RTT issues at specific times or on particular network segments can point to the source of the problem.
Network Topology Review : Examine your network topology to identify potential bottlenecks or congestion points that may contribute to high RTT.

II. Uncovering The Most Common Network RTT Issues

Network Congestion : Heavy network traffic can lead to network congestion , queuing delays, and packet loss, resulting in increased RTT. Implement Quality of Service (QoS) to prioritize essential traffic and reduce congestion.
Long Geographic Distance : Data travelling over long distances, especially in wide-area networks (WANs), can experience high propagation delay, contributing to elevated RTT. Consider implementing content delivery networks (CDNs) to reduce the impact of distance.
Hardware and Configuration Problems : Outdated or misconfigured network devices, such as routers and switches, can lead to performance issues and high RTT. Regularly review and update hardware and configurations to address these problems.
Packet Loss : Packet loss , where data packets are dropped or need to be retransmitted, can increase RTT. Troubleshoot packet loss issues by identifying and rectifying network faults or congestion points.
Jitter : Inconsistent RTT values and jitter can affect real-time applications. Jitter is often a result of network congestion or configuration problems, so minimizing these issues helps reduce jitter and improve RTT.

III. Troubleshooting Network RTT Issues:

So what happens when your NPM tool starts alerting you about sudden spikes in round-trip time? Well, it’s time to troubleshoot! First, you need to understand why the network issue is happening, where and when.

Isolate the Problem : Start by identifying the affected network segment or path with high RTT. Network monitoring tools can help pinpoint the problematic area.
Traffic Analysis : Analyze the network traffic on the identified segment to determine if congestion or unusual patterns are causing high RTT.
Device Inspection : Examine the performance of network devices along the path, such as routers and switches. High CPU usage or configuration errors may be contributing to RTT issues.
Quality of Service (QoS) Adjustment : If network congestion is the root cause, consider implementing or adjusting QoS policies to prioritize critical traffic and reduce congestion.
Optimization Techniques : Implement optimization techniques such as route optimization, network load balancing , and the use of CDNs to improve network efficiency and reduce RTT.
Testing and Validation : After making adjustments, conduct tests to validate that RTT has improved. Monitor the network to ensure that RTT remains within acceptable ranges.
Regular Maintenance : Ongoing network maintenance, including updates, hardware upgrades, and configuration reviews, is essential for preventing future RTT issues.

By systematically identifying, troubleshooting, and addressing RTT issues, network administrators can maintain low-latency networks, ensure a seamless user experience, and minimize the impact of common RTT problems.

Learn how to troubleshoot network issues by identifying where, what, why network problems occur with Network Troubleshooting tools.

Factors Affecting Network Round-Trip Time (RTT)

As we navigate the realm of Network Round-Trip Time (RTT) and its role in network optimization, we encounter an array of influential factors that shape the journey of data from source to destination and back. In this chapter, we embark on a comprehensive exploration of these key factors, each wielding the power to either elevate or hinder network performance.

Understanding the factors affecting RTT is paramount for network administrators and IT professionals, as it equips them with the knowledge needed to fine-tune their networks for maximum efficiency and responsiveness.

1. Network Congestion on RTT in Networking

Network congestion occurs when there is a higher volume of traffic on a network than it can efficiently handle. This congestion can significantly impact RTT:

Increased Latency : Congestion leads to packet queuing, where data packets must wait in line to be processed by network devices. The increased latency due to this queuing results in higher RTT values, causing delays in data transmission.
Packet Loss : In congested networks, packets may be dropped to relieve congestion. This packet loss not only contributes to higher RTT as packets are retransmitted but also affects the reliability and performance of network applications.
Quality of Service (QoS) : Implementing Quality of Service policies can help mitigate congestion by prioritizing certain types of traffic. This can help ensure that critical applications experience lower RTT values even during network congestion.

2. Geographic Distance on RTT in Networking

Geographic distance plays a fundamental role in determining RTT, especially in wide-area networks and global connectivity:

Propagation Delay : As data travels over long distances, it experiences propagation delay. This delay is the time it takes for signals to traverse the physical medium (e.g., fibre-optic cables or satellite links) between network endpoints. The greater the distance, the higher the propagation delay, contributing to increased RTT.
WAN vs. LAN : Wide Area Networks ( WANs ) typically involve greater geographic distances than Local Area Networks ( LANs ). WANs often exhibit higher RTT values due to the inherent challenges of data transmission across extensive physical distances.
Use of Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) : CDNs can help mitigate the impact of geographic distance by caching and delivering content from servers closer to end-users. This minimizes the effects of long-distance transmission on RTT.

3. Network Hardware and Configurations on RTT in Networking

The hardware and configuration of network devices and infrastructure can significantly affect RTT:

Router and Switch Performance : The processing capacity of routers and switches in the network can impact the speed at which packets are forwarded. Outdated or underpowered devices can introduce additional latency and increase RTT.
Network Path Efficiency : The chosen network paths and routing algorithms also play a role. Inefficient routing can lead to longer paths and, subsequently, higher RTT.
Configuration Errors : Misconfigurations in network devices, such as incorrect routing tables or Quality of Service settings, can lead to suboptimal performance and increased RTT. Regular network audits and optimization are essential to address configuration issues.

4. Packet Loss and Jitter on RTT in Networking

Packet loss and jitter are network phenomena that can cause variations in RTT:

Packet Loss : Packet loss occurs when data packets fail to reach their intended destination. Repeated packet loss results in retransmissions, which contribute to increased RTT. Reducing and measuring packet loss through network optimization is essential for minimizing RTT.
Jitter : Jitter refers to the variation in packet arrival times. Excessive jitter can cause fluctuations in RTT, affecting the predictability of network performance. QoS mechanisms and traffic shaping can help mitigate jitter-related RTT issues.

Understanding these factors and their impact on RTT is crucial for network administrators and IT professionals. By addressing these challenges through proactive network management, optimization, and the use of appropriate technologies, it's possible to achieve lower RTT and maintain efficient and responsive network performance.

Network Round-Trip Time (RTT) vs. Latency: Comparing Network Siblings

In the world of networking and data transmission, terms like "Network Round-Trip Time (RTT)" and "latency" often take center stage, reflecting the critical aspect of speed and responsiveness in today's digital landscape. While these terms are sometimes used interchangeably, they represent distinct facets of network performance.

In this section, we’ll unravel the differences between Network Round-Trip Time (RTT) and latency. Understanding these concepts is fundamental for network administrators and IT professionals as it enables them to grasp the nuances of network performance and address specific challenges effectively.

I. Defining Latency

Latency is a general term that refers to any delay or lag in data transmission within a network . It encompasses all delays encountered during data communication, including the time it takes for data to travel between two points (which is what RTT specifically measures), as well as other types of delays such as processing delays, queuing delays, and transmission delays.

Latency can be categorized into several types:

Propagation Delay : The time it takes for a signal or data packet to physically travel over the network medium (e.g., copper cables, fibre-optic cables, or wireless links). It is directly related to the distance between two network points and the speed of the medium.
Transmission Delay : The time it takes to push the entire data packet into the network medium. It is influenced by the packet's size and the speed of the network link.
Processing Delay : The time it takes for network devices like routers and switches to process and forward data packets. This can be affected by the performance of these devices and their configurations.
Queuing Delay : The time data packets spend in queues at various points in the network, waiting for their turn to be processed. High congestion or network traffic can increase queuing delays.
Jitter : Jitter refers to variations in latency. Inconsistent latency can affect the predictability of network performance, which is particularly critical for real-time applications.

II. Defining Network Round-Trip Time (RTT)

As we've already discussed in this article, RTT is a specific metric used to measure the time it takes for a data packet to travel from its source to its destination and back to the source . It is a subset of latency that focuses on the round-trip journey of a packet. RTT is measured in milliseconds (ms) and is often used to evaluate network responsiveness.

The RTT calculation typically involves the following timestamps:

The time the sender sends the packet.
The time the sender receives an acknowledgment (ACK) from the receiver.
The time the receiver receives the packet.
The time the receiver sends the ACK back to the sender.

By subtracting the appropriate timestamps, you can calculate the RTT for a specific packet.

In summary, latency is a broader term that encompasses various types of delays in data transmission, including RTT. RTT specifically measures the round-trip time for a packet, which is crucial for understanding the responsiveness of a network, particularly in applications that require timely data exchange, such as video conferencing or online gaming.

We asked a supercomputer “What is latency”, its impact on network performance, and strategies for minimizing it and created this comprehensive guide.

The Quest for Lower Network Round-Trip Time: How to Reduce Network RTT

In the quest for network optimization and superior user experiences, one metric stands as a sentinel of responsiveness - Network Round-Trip Time (RTT). A lower RTT signifies not only the swift transmission of data but also the realization of network efficiency, seamless applications, and satisfied users.

Here, we will explore the art of reducing RTT through a variety of carefully crafted strategies. From optimizing network topology to the art of content caching and compression, from harnessing the power of load balancing to the efficiency of Content Delivery Networks (CDNs), we will venture into the multifaceted realm of RTT reduction.

I. Strategies for Reducing Network RTT

Reducing RTT is a fundamental objective in optimizing network performance . So, there are several strategies to help you achieve this:

Optimizing Network Topology : A well-designed network topology that minimizes the number of network hops and ensures efficient routing can significantly reduce RTT. Strategies like hierarchical network design and route optimization contribute to lower latency.
Quality of Service (QoS) Implementation : Prioritizing real-time traffic and critical applications through QoS policies can reduce contention for network resources and lower RTT for those essential services.
Edge Computing : Deploying computing resources closer to end-users or IoT devices at the network edge can reduce RTT by decreasing the physical distance that data needs to travel.
TCP/IP Optimization : Fine-tuning TCP/IP parameters and employing technologies like TCP window scaling and selective acknowledgments can improve data transfer efficiency and lower RTT.

II. Load Balancing and Redundancy for Reducing Network RTT

Load balancing and redundancy are vital components in RTT reduction:

Load Balancing : Distributing network traffic across multiple servers or paths ensures that no single server or network link becomes overwhelmed. This strategy not only increases network capacity but also reduces the likelihood of network congestion and high RTT.
Redundancy : Implementing redundancy through network failover mechanisms or backup links can mitigate the impact of network failures. Redundancy ensures that if one path experiences issues, traffic can be rerouted quickly, minimizing RTT.

III. Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) for Reducing Network RTT

CDNs are instrumental in RTT reduction, particularly for web content delivery:

Caching : CDNs cache content on servers located in geographically distributed edge locations. This means users can access content from a nearby server, reducing the need to retrieve data from the origin server, and consequently lowering RTT.
Content Prioritization : CDNs allow prioritizing and delivering the most critical content quickly, which is especially beneficial for reducing RTT for web pages, images, and videos.

IV. Caching and Compression for Reducing Network RTT

Caching and compression techniques are powerful tools for minimizing RTT:

Data Caching : Caching frequently accessed data locally, either at the client side or at intermediate network nodes, allows for quicker retrieval of data, reducing RTT.
Data Compression : Compressing data before transmission and decompressing it at the receiver's end decreases the amount of data to be transferred, ultimately lowering RTT.

By implementing these strategies and technologies, network administrators and IT professionals can actively work to reduce RTT, enhance network performance, and deliver a more responsive user experience. Each strategy offers a unique approach to address latency and can be adapted to the specific needs and goals of the network environment.

Tools and Technologies for Optimizing Network Round-Trip Time: Network RTT Optimization

In the realm of network performance, the pursuit of lower Network Round-Trip Time (RTT) is both an art and a science. It requires the judicious selection and deployment of tools and technologies that act as enablers, elevating networks to realms of enhanced responsiveness and efficiency.

Here, we uncover the spectrum of tools at your disposal, explore their capabilities, and provide insights into the selection process to ensure you choose the right tools that align with your unique business needs. Earlier in this article, we already talked about measuring RTT and identifying RTT issues with Network Performance Monitoring tools - which are also a key tool for optimizing round-trip time.

With the right tools in your arsenal, you can orchestrate a network that not only understands the melody of RTT but dances to its tune, delivering a harmonious and responsive user experience.

I. Network Monitoring and Analytics Solutions for Optimizing Network RTT

Monitoring and analytics tools are instrumental in the quest for RTT optimization:

Network Performance Monitoring (NPM) : NPM solutions continuously monitor network performance, providing real-time visibility into RTT metrics. They enable network administrators to detect and diagnose issues promptly, making them a vital tool for maintaining low RTT.
Packet Capture and Analysis Tools : Packet capture tools allow the in-depth analysis of network traffic. Administrators can use these tools to capture and examine packets, enabling them to identify bottlenecks and other issues contributing to RTT delays.
Network Traffic Analysis : Advanced network traffic analysis solutions provide insights into application behaviour, network usage , and patterns. These tools help optimize network paths and configurations to lower RTT.

II. SD-WAN and Network Optimization Platforms for Optimizing Network RTT

SD-WAN (Software-Defined Wide Area Network) and network optimization platforms offer dynamic solutions for RTT optimization:

SD-WAN : SD-WAN technology leverages multiple network connections and dynamically routes traffic over the most efficient path. It includes features such as traffic prioritization and application-aware routing, which are beneficial for optimizing RTT for critical applications. The same goes for Dual-WAN networks .
WAN Optimization Controllers : These devices optimize data traffic between WAN endpoints by employing techniques like data deduplication, compression, and caching. WAN optimization reduces the amount of data transferred, reducing RTT.
Content Delivery Platforms : Content delivery platforms, combined with CDNs, accelerate the delivery of web content by distributing it to edge servers. This minimizes the physical distance data needs to travel, resulting in reduced RTT for web-based services.

III. Choosing the Right Tools for Optimizing RTT in Your Business

Selecting the right tools for RTT optimization requires careful consideration:

Assessing Business Needs : Start by identifying the specific requirements of your business. Consider factors like the nature of your applications, your network topology, and your performance goals. This assessment guides the choice of tools and technologies.
Scalability : Ensure that the selected tools and technologies can scale with your business as it grows. Scalable solutions can adapt to increased network demands without compromising RTT.
Compatibility : The tools and technologies you choose should seamlessly integrate with your existing network infrastructure. Compatibility ensures smooth implementation and operation.
Budget Considerations : Evaluate the cost of implementation and ongoing maintenance. Balancing your budget with the need for high-performance tools is vital to achieving cost-effective RTT optimization.
Monitoring and Maintenance : Plan for continuous monitoring and maintenance of the chosen tools and technologies. Regular updates and adjustments are necessary to adapt to evolving network conditions and maintain low RTT.

By exploring the array of tools and technologies available for RTT optimization and making informed choices that align with your specific network requirements, you can ensure that your network operates at its peak performance, delivering low RTT and a seamless user experience.

Harnessing the Power of Round-Trip Time (Network RTT) Optimization for Business Success

In the fast-paced digital landscape, where every millisecond counts, optimizing Network Round-Trip Time (RTT) should be a top priority for network admins. Achieving low and consistent RTT not only enhances the user experience but also impacts business operations in numerous ways.

For businesses, RTT optimization means improved productivity, reduced downtime, and the ability to leverage real-time applications to their full potential. In e-commerce, it can translate to higher sales, as low latency ensures swift page loads and seamless transactions. For video conferencing and collaboration tools, it means clearer communication and increased efficiency. In the realm of online gaming, it can be the difference between a competitive edge and a frustrating experience for gamers.

By harnessing the power of RTT optimization, businesses ensure that their digital offerings meet the high expectations of today's users and remain competitive in an ever-evolving market.

Measuring and Optimizing Network RTT with Obkio’s NPM Tool

To start measuring and optimizing RTT, you need the right tools, and Obkio's Network Performance Monitoring (NPM) tool stands as a valuable ally.

With Obkio, you can measure, monitor, and optimize RTT with precision. Get real-time insights into network performance, offering visibility into RTT metrics at various network points. Obkio equips network admins and IT professionals with the means to detect and resolve RTT issues promptly, ensuring that network operations remain seamless and efficient. With Obkio, you can proactively manage RTT, detect anomalies, and maintain low-latency network performance.

As you harness the power of Obkio's NPM tool, you're well-equipped to elevate your network to new heights of efficiency, ultimately contributing to the success of your business in a digitally connected world!

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Home > Learning Center > Round Trip Time (RTT)

Article's content

Round trip time (rtt), what is round trip time.

Round-trip time (RTT) is the duration, measured in milliseconds, from when a browser sends a request to when it receives a response from a server. It’s a key performance metric for web applications and one of the main factors, along with Time to First Byte (TTFB), when measuring page load time and network latency .

Using a Ping to Measure Round Trip Time

RTT is typically measured using a ping — a command-line tool that bounces a request off a server and calculates the time taken to reach a user device. Actual RTT may be higher than that measured by the ping due to server throttling and network congestion.

Example of a ping to google.com

Factors Influencing RTT

Actual round trip time can be influenced by:

Distance – The length a signal has to travel correlates with the time taken for a request to reach a server and a response to reach a browser.
Transmission medium – The medium used to route a signal (e.g., copper wire, fiber optic cables) can impact how quickly a request is received by a server and routed back to a user.
Number of network hops – Intermediate routers or servers take time to process a signal, increasing RTT. The more hops a signal has to travel through, the higher the RTT.
Traffic levels – RTT typically increases when a network is congested with high levels of traffic. Conversely, low traffic times can result in decreased RTT.
Server response time – The time taken for a target server to respond to a request depends on its processing capacity, the number of requests being handled and the nature of the request (i.e., how much server-side work is required). A longer server response time increases RTT.

See how Imperva CDN can help you with website performance.

Reducing RTT Using a CDN

A CDN is a network of strategically placed servers, each holding a copy of a website’s content. It’s able to address the factors influencing RTT in the following ways:

Points of Presence (PoPs) – A CDN maintains a network of geographically dispersed PoPs—data centers, each containing cached copies of site content, which are responsible for communicating with site visitors in their vicinity. They reduce the distance a signal has to travel and the number of network hops needed to reach a server.
Web caching – A CDN caches HTML, media, and even dynamically generated content on a PoP in a user’s geographical vicinity. In many cases, a user’s request can be addressed by a local PoP and does not need to travel to an origin server, thereby reducing RTT.
Load distribution – During high traffic times, CDNs route requests through backup servers with lower network congestion, speeding up server response time and reducing RTT.
Scalability – A CDN service operates in the cloud, enabling high scalability and the ability to process a near limitless number of user requests. This eliminates the possibility of server side bottlenecks.

Using tier 1 access to reduce network hops

One of the original issues CDNs were designed to solve was how to reduce round trip time. By addressing the points outlined above, they have been largely successful, and it’s now reasonable to expect a decrease in your RTT of 50% or more after onboarding a CDN service.

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Written by Vasilena Markova • September 27, 2023 • 12:58 pm • Internet

Round-Trip Time (RTT): What It Is and Why It Matters

Round-Trip Time (RTT) is a fundamental metric in the context of network performance, measuring the time it takes for data packets to complete a round trip from source to destination and back. Often expressed in milliseconds (ms), RTT serves as a critical indicator for evaluating the efficiency and reliability of network connections. In today’s article, we dive into the concept of RTT, exploring how it works, why it matters in our digital lives, the factors that influence it, and strategies to enhance it. Whether you’re a casual internet user seeking a smoother online experience or a network administrator aiming to optimize your digital infrastructure, understanding this metric is critical in today’s interconnected world.

Table of Contents

What is Round-Trip Time (RTT)?

Round-Trip Time is a network performance metric representing the time it takes for a data packet to travel from the source to the destination and back to the source. It is often measured in milliseconds (ms) and is a crucial parameter for determining the quality and efficiency of network connections.

To understand the concept of RTT, imagine sending a letter to a friend through the postal service. The time it takes for the letter to reach your friend and for your friend to send a reply back to you forms the Round-Trip Time for your communication. Similarly, in computer networks, data packets are like those letters, and RTT represents the time it takes for them to complete a round trip.

How Does it Work?

The concept of RTT can be best understood by considering the journey of data packets across a network. When you request information from a web server, for example, your device sends out a data packet holding your request. This packet travels through various network devices in between, such as routers and switches, before reaching the destination server. Once the server processes your request and prepares a response, it sends a data packet back to your device.

Round-Trip Time is determined by the time it takes for this data packet to travel from your device to the server (the outbound trip) and then back from the server to your device (the inbound trip). The total RTT is the sum of these two one-way trips.

Let’s break down the journey of a data packet into several steps so you can better understand the RTT:

Sending the Packet: You initiate an action on your device that requires data transmission. For example, this could be sending an email, loading a webpage, or making a video call.
Packet Travel: The data packet travels from your device to a server, typically passing through multiple network nodes and routers along the way. These middle points play a significant role in determining the RTT.
Processing Time: The server receives the packet, processes the request, and sends a response back to your device. This processing time at both ends also contributes to the Round-Trip Time.
Return Journey: The response packet makes its way back to your device through the same network infrastructure, facing potential delays on the route.
Calculation: It is calculated by adding up the time taken for the packet to travel from your device to the server (the outbound trip) and the time it takes for the response to return (the inbound trip).

Why does it matter?

At first look, Round-Trip Time (RTT) might seem like technical terminology, but its importance extends to various aspects of our digital lives. It matters for many reasons, which include the following:

User Experience

For everyday internet users, RTT influences the sensed speed and responsiveness of online activities. Low Round-Trip Time values lead to a seamless experience, while high RTT can result in frustrating delays and lag during tasks like video streaming, online gaming, or live chats.

Network Efficiency

Network administrators and service providers closely monitor RTT to assess network performance and troubleshoot issues. By identifying bottlenecks and areas with high RTT, they can optimize their infrastructure for better efficiency.

Real-Time Applications

Applications that rely on real-time data transmission, such as VoIP calls, video conferencing, and online gaming, are highly sensitive to RTT. Low RTT is crucial for smooth, interruption-free interactions.

In cybersecurity, Round-Trip Time plays a role in detecting network anomalies and potential threats. Unusually high RTT values can be a sign of malicious activity or network congestion.

Factors Affecting Round-Trip Time (RTT)

Several factors can influence the metric, both positively and negatively. Therefore, understanding these factors is crucial, and it could be very beneficial for optimizing network performance:

Distance: The physical distance between the source and destination plays a significant role. Longer distances result in higher RTT due to the time it takes for data to travel the network.
Network Congestion: When a network experiences high volumes of traffic or congestion, data packets may be delayed as they wait for their turn to be processed. As a result, it can lead to packet delays and increased RTT.
Routing: The path a packet takes through the network can significantly affect RTT. Efficient routing algorithms can reduce the time, while not-so-optimal routing choices can increase it.
Packet Loss: Packet loss during transmission can occur due to various reasons, such as network errors or congestion. When lost, packets need to be retransmitted, which can seriously affect the Round-Trip Time.
Transmission Medium: It is a critical factor influencing RTT, and its characteristics can vary widely based on the specific medium being used. Fiber optic cables generally offer low RTT due to the speed of light in the medium and low signal loss. In contrast, wireless mediums can introduce variable delays depending on environmental factors and network conditions.

How to improve it?

Improving Round-Trip Time (RTT) is a critical goal for network administrators and service providers looking to enhance user experiences and optimize their digital operations. While some factors affecting it are beyond our control, there are strategies and practices to optimize Round-Trip Time for a smoother online experience:

Optimize Routing: Network administrators can optimize routing to reduce the number of hops data packets take to reach their destination. This can be achieved through efficient routing protocols and load balancing .
Optimize Network Infrastructure: For businesses, investing in efficient network infrastructure, including high-performance routers and switches, can reduce internal network delays and improve RTT.
Upgrade Hardware and Software: Keeping networking equipment and software up-to-date ensures that you benefit from the latest technologies and optimizations that can decrease RTT.
Implement Caching: Caching frequently requested data closer to end-users can dramatically reduce the need for data to travel long distances. The result really helps with lowering RTT.
Monitor and Troubleshoot: Regularly monitor your network for signs of congestion or packet loss. If issues arise, take steps to troubleshoot and resolve them promptly.

Discover ClouDNS Monitoring service!

Round-Trip Time (RTT) is the silent force that shapes our online experiences. From the seamless loading of web pages to the quality of our video calls, RTT plays a pivotal role in ensuring that digital interactions happen at the speed of thought. As we continue to rely on the Internet for work, entertainment, and communication, understanding and optimizing this metric will be crucial for both end-users and network administrators. By reducing it through strategies, we can have a faster, more responsive digital world where our online activities are limited only by our imagination, not by lag.

Hello! My name is Vasilena Markova. I am a Marketing Specialist at ClouDNS. I have a Bachelor’s Degree in Business Economics and am studying for my Master’s Degree in Cybersecurity Management. As a digital marketing enthusiast, I enjoy writing and expressing my interests. I am passionate about sharing knowledge, tips, and tricks to help others build a secure online presence. My absolute favorite thing to do is to travel and explore different cultures!

Ping Traffic Monitoring: Ensuring Network Health and Efficiency

March 28, 2024 • Monitoring

In an era where digital connectivity is the lifeline of businesses and individuals alike, maintaining optimal network performance is more ...

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Cheap flights to Moscow ( MOW)

Get started finding a cheap flight to Moscow on Expedia by either choosing a deal on this page or entering into the search bar your travel dates, origin airport, and whether you want roundtrip or one-way airfare. You can filter for flexibility, number of stops, airline, and departure/arrival times to find the best flight for you.

We recommend using the ‘Flexible Dates’ calendar at the top of the page to see the price of plane tickets on the surrounding dates. This allows you to pick the cheapest days to fly if your trip allows flexibility and score cheap flight deals to Moscow.

Roundtrip prices range from $448 - $1,652, and one-ways to Moscow start as low as $610.

Be aware that choosing a non-stop flight can sometimes be more expensive while saving you time. And routes with connections may be available at a cheaper rate.

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You have several options for which airline you choose to travel with to Moscow. There are 10 airlines flying into MOW: Alaska Airlines, Qatar Airways, Azerbaijan Airlines, Etihad Airways.

Cheap plane tickets may be available from different airlines at different times and with unique terms. It’s best to understand the details of each airline’s offer before judging its value.

For example, if you plan to check a bag or bring a carry-on, check whether the cheap airfare deal includes a baggage allowance. If not, verify whether the baggage fee is higher than the difference of other airline plane ticket deals offering free checked/carry-on baggage in exchange for a slightly higher airfare.

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Frequently asked questions

Flying can be a stress-free experience if you bring the right things. Firstly, you’ll want a few basic toiletries, such as a toothbrush and some deodorant, a fresh change of clothes and a good book. Next, find room in your carry-on bag for your phone and charger, medications and maybe a comfy neck pillow too. Last, but definitely not least, remember to bring your passport, travel papers and your bank cards.
Double-check that you don’t have a Swiss Army knife hiding in one of the zippers of your carry-on luggage. Other prohibited items include explosive or flammable goods, such as aerosol cans and bleach, and gels and liquids in containers larger than 3.4 ounces (100 milliliters).
Comfort should always be your priority when picking what to wear during your flight. Consider your footwear with care too, as swollen ankles and feet are a common side effect of flying. Shoes which are flat and slightly roomy work well.
The condition called deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a risk on long-haul flights. It results from blood clots forming due to poor circulation and inactivity. Walking around the cabin and doing regular leg and foot exercises while seated is a great way to prevent this happening. Wearing a high-quality pair of compression socks also helps reduce the risk.
Airport security personnel first need to check that you have a valid ID and matching boarding pass before you’re allowed to proceed any further. Have them ready for inspection.
Time to strip down. Well sort of. Your coat, belt, keys and other items in your pocket, like your headphones, will be required to go through the X-ray machine. Make the whole process faster by removing them before your turn arrives.
For just a few minutes, you’ll need to unplug from the digital world. Your phone, laptop and any other electronic gadgets must also go through the scanner.
Any gels or liquids, such as toothpaste or perfume, that you want to take on board need to be in containers no greater than 3.4 ounces (100 milliliters). Also, everything must fit inside a quart-size (one liter), zip-lock bag.
Slip-on shoes are a great footwear choice as you’re less likely to be required to remove them when passing through security. Big boots and heavier-style shoes are often subjected to extra screening.
Take all prohibited items out of your carry-on bag. If you have any sharp objects like a pocket knife or tools, pack them in your checked luggage. They won’t be allowed in the cabin.

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Tiger Woods had 52 minutes between Masters rounds. Here’s everything he did

Tiger Woods at the Masters on Friday.

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Tiger Woods had plenty of prep time between his last competitive round on the PGA Tour, at the Genesis Invitational, in February, and his first round at the 88th Masters this week — 55 days, to be exact. The same could not be said of the time Woods had between his first Masters round and his second.

Because inclement weather delayed the start of the opening round , Woods’ Thursday tee time was pushed to 3:54 p.m., meaning he and his playing partners — Max Homa and Jason Day — were able to complete only 13 holes before darkness set in. They resumed their first round at 7:50 a.m. Friday in cool, blustery conditions and played their remaining five holes in 1 hour and 36 minutes. When Woods tapped in for a bogey 5 on 18 at 9:26 a.m., he had a one-over 73 on his card and exactly 52 minutes to ready himself for his second round.

Having less than an hour between rounds might not sound like a big deal; perhaps you do it regularly at your club, or on your annual 36-holes-a-day buddies’ trip. But you likely haven’t had five microdisectomies on your back… and multiple knee surgeries… and screws and pins in your right ankle… and a subtalar fusion in that same ankle to address post-traumatic arthritis and …well, your quick turnaround most certainly has never come on a Masters Friday at Augusta National . Woods, meanwhile? He’s half golfer, half medical miracle. It’s remarkable he’s navigating this course, let alone making birdies on it. He all but creaks when he walks and squeaks when he swings, which explains why he rises at 4:30 a.m. to prime his body for morning tee times.

So, how would a player who is accustomed to spending hours, days or even weeks readying for a round make use of less prep time than it takes to roast a small chicken?

This is how.

After cleaning up his bogey on 18, Woods removed his cap and shook hands with his playing partners and their caddies. He exited the back of the green and made his way through a channel of patrons, seven or eight deep, some of whom who were calling his name. Within a minute or two, Woods had traversed the rolling expanse between the home hole and the clubhouse and ducked into scoring. At 9:35, he emerged, card checked and signed, with his agent, Mark Steinberg, at his side. A gaggle of reporters milled in an interview pen, hopeful that Woods might offer a few words. He did not. Instead, he stayed on the move and disappeared down the walkway just right of scoring.

By 9:41, Woods was on the far left side of the nearly deserted practice range with his new caddie, Lance Bennett , and righthand man, Rob McNamara. Job No. 1: transferring the second-round pin locations to their yardage books, a task that required nearly six minutes of paper-flipping and note-scribbling. Next to the base of Woods’ bag was a water bottle and a plastic container holding a snack.

At 9:44, Woods loosened his belt and unbuttoned his pants, revealing a supportive patch that was attached to his lower back. He rubbed what looked to be Icy Hot, a topical pain reliever, over his midriff and the area around his lower spine, as if he were applying lotion at the beach. When Woods had finished, Bennett cleansed Woods’ hands with water.

tiger woods laughs at amen corner with Joe Greiner at the Masters.

1 striking Tiger Woods moment you missed on Masters Thursday

Woods pulled a wedge from his bag. It was now 9:47, 31 minutes from his starting time. A stiff wind straight into his face, Woods hit five balls to a mini-flag no more than 40 yards from him, then two more to a flag at 60 or 70 yards. With his eighth swing, same wedge in hand, Woods began taking aim at a green 75 yards away. After three more swings, he paused to stretch his back.

His wedge work done, Woods leaned toward his bag and unsheathed what appeared to be an 8- or 9-iron and hit 10 balls into the sprawling emerald expanse. Before Woods’ 11th swing, McNamara saddled up to him and hovered the butt of an iron near the low point in Woods’ swing path. With this swing guide in place, Woods took six more swipes.

By 9:50, the range was filling. Erik van Rooyen strolled past Woods. So did Cameron Young and Augusta National member and PGA Tour dealmaker Jimmy Dunne , resplendent in his green jacket. But Woods had little time for practice let alone small talk. Six spots down from Woods, one of his playing partners, Homa, was now getting loose.

I don’t think anyone can comprehend the type of pain Tiger is in. Looks at him applying icy hot to his body while he already has a pain patch on his back. He’s wrapped up like a mummy and only 1 over. Dude is a warrior! pic.twitter.com/pB9HRKkXeq — 54 Live Podcast (@54LivePod) April 12, 2024

Woods took a one minute break before resuming with a mid-iron. Two swings. Then a fairway wood. Two more swings. Then off came his fabled tiger head cover. Driver. Four swings. Bennett was now grazing on a fried chicken sandwich.

At 9:58 — 20 minutes from go-time — Woods took one final swing, this time with a wedge. Two minutes later, he had exited the range and was in the back of a golf cart, McNamara to his right, Bennett riding shotgun. Next stop: the practice green by the first tee.

By the time this reporter caught up with Woods, he was rapping uphill 40-footers across the heart of the green. A mass of patrons swarmed around the putting surface and adjacent first tee, eager for a glimpse of the five-time green jacket winner. Woods’ long putts were followed by a couple of shorter attempts before which he raised his ball to his eye then let it drop to the green, an exercise designed to help him get his eyes squarely over the ball. At 10:13, Woods, Homa and Day strolled onto the tee. ESPN’s Scott Van Pelt was among the throng of patrons, craning his neck for a view. So, too, was the former NBA star-turned-college golfer J.R. Smith.

Woods took four practice swings with his driver, paused, then took seven more. He bent over and stretched his back, then took five more rehearsal swings. Stay loose. Stay loose. Stay loose.

At 10:17, a green-coated official barked: “Fore, please. Now driving…Tiger Woods.”

Woods took five more practice swings.

And then it was time.

Smack . Liftoff.

A slight tug but nothing to sweat. Woods’ ball found the left side of the fairway. His second round was officially underway.

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As GOLF.com’s executive editor, Bastable is responsible for the editorial direction and voice of one of the game’s most respected and highly trafficked news and service sites. He wears many hats — editing, writing, ideating, developing, daydreaming of one day breaking 80 — and feels privileged to work with such an insanely talented and hardworking group of writers, editors and producers. Before grabbing the reins at GOLF.com, he was the features editor at GOLF Magazine. A graduate of the University of Richmond and the Columbia School of Journalism, he lives in New Jersey with his wife and foursome of kids.

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Middle East latest: Striking Iran's nuclear facilities 'on the table', says ex-Mossad intelligence chief

A former official at the Israeli spy agency says targeting nuclear facilities in Iran is among the options on the table as Israel decides how to respond to Saturday's attack. Meanwhile, Iran's president has warned the "tiniest move" against the country would bring a "fierce" response.

Wednesday 17 April 2024 16:17, UK

Israel-Hamas war

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Striking Iran's nuclear facilities on the table, says ex-Mossad official
'Tiniest move' against Iran will spark 'fierce and painful' response, president warns
Clear Israel will act in response to Iran attack, Cameron says
Israel denied 'more than 40%' of UN aid delivery requests to northern Gaza last week
Dominic Waghorn analysis: The coming hours could decide whether the Middle East is plunged into a widening war
Michael Clarke analysis: All Israel's options for retaliation come with complications
Live reporting by Emily Mee

Foreign ministers from the Group of Seven (G7) major democracies are gathering on the Italian island of Capri for three days of talks.

The meeting is being overshadowed by expectations of an Israeli retaliation against Iran for its missile and drone attacks over the weekend.

Italy, which holds the G7's rotating presidency, has been pushing for a ceasefire in Gaza and a de-escalation in the wider Middle East.

"Against a background of strong international tensions, the Italian-led G7 is tasked with working for peace," foreign minister Antonio Tajani said in a statement.

The G7 pledged support for Israel following the attack.

A single Israeli shell destroyed more than 4,000 embryos when it struck Gaza's largest fertility clinic in December, it has emerged,

The explosion blasted the lids off five liquid nitrogen tanks at Gaza City's Al Basma IVF centre, causing to evaporate the -180C liquid holding the embryos and 1,000 more specimens of sperm and unfertilized eggs.

"We know deeply what these 5,000 lives, or potential lives, meant for the parents, either for the future or for the past," said Bahaeldeen Ghalayini, 73, the Cambridge-trained obstetrician and gynaecologist who established the clinic in 1997.

At least half of the couples can no longer produce sperm or eggs to make viable embryos, he said.

"My heart is divided into a million pieces."

In April, the embryology lab was still strewn with broken masonry, blown-up lab supplies and, amid the rubble, the liquid nitrogen tanks, according to a Reuters-commissioned journalist who visited the site.

The former director of intelligence at the Israeli spy agency, Mossad, says targeting nuclear facilities in Iran is among the options on the table as Israel decides how to respond to Saturday's attack.

Zohar Palti spoke to The World with Yalda Hakim in Jerusalem about possible responses after Iran launched more than 300 missiles and drones at Israel.

Asked if everything was on the table, including targeting nuclear facilities, Mr Palti said: "No doubt. Everything is on the table right now."

Pressed on whether this included nuclear facilities, he said: "Including everything."

Iran temporarily closed its nuclear facilities on Sunday over "security considerations" and the International Atomic Energy Agency kept its inspectors away for two days.

The attack on Israel came after a deadly suspected Israeli strike on the Iranian consulate in Syria. The IDF said 99% of the weapons fired at Israel failed to break through its air defences.

Watch the rest of his interview from 9pm in The World With Yalda Hakim live from Jerusalem.

By Alistair Bunkall , Middle East correspondent

There is little doubt in diplomatic and political circles here that Israel will carry out a reprisal attack on Iran.

David Cameron, on a short visit to Jerusalem, said as much in TV interviews.

The questions remain when and where. Israeli leaders are keeping that very close, not even telling visiting foreign ministers from allied countries, but it might be that no final decision has been made.

Cameron is canny enough to know that if he came here pushing a message of "don't do it" then he might be shown up as ineffective in the coming days.

And so the language has changed to "okay, if you have to do it, then make sure it's reasonable and doesn't escalate matters further".

With the US and European capitals saying the same (the German foreign minister was here today too), it might have some sway.

Israel says it needs to send Iran a clear message but doesn't want an escalation - that's all very well but Iran might not see it like that.

Assuming the do-nothing, "take-the-win" option is off the table, the next best outcome is for a series of increasingly smaller events that ultimately see this crisis fizzle out.

I've also picked up frustration among diplomats over political attempts back in the UK to designate the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps as a terror organisation.

It would have no impact on the current crisis and could put the future of the British Embassy in doubt.

That would then remove a vital back-channel of communication, not just for the UK, but for allies like the US and Israel to lean on London for that.

It's moments like these when those channels come into their own and the Foreign Office can be influential.

Ultimately though, Israel's main message to Iran won't be via diplomatic back-channels but a military strike which, in their words, will be "in a manner and time of their choosing".

The Lebanese foreign minister is speaking with special correspondent Alex Crawford following exchanges of fire between Hezbollah and Israel across the Israeli border.

Asked about Israel's determination to retaliate against Iran, Abdallah Bou Habib says Lebanon is worried.

"Any kind of revenge is going to end up with a bigger war, probably," he says.

"And therefore Lebanon, Syria and Jordan may be in trouble."

Mr Habib hopes for a ceasefire between Hezbollah and Israel, he says.

If the UN were to move in that direction, the Lebanese government would "most probably" support it.

"We are left not able to do anything of the sort. It is not a matter of the Hezbollah stronger than the Lebanese army, because they not going to collide or fight each other."

Up until 7 October, there was "nothing on the border", he says, saying he hoped to return to a stable border.

More than 5,000 houses have been destroyed in Lebanon by Israeli attacks, says Mr Habib.

Asked about Hezbollah's backing of the Iranian attack, Mr Habib says: "We do not welcome it and we don't denounce the attack, because Israel started it."

"We do not have influence over Hezbollah as long as there is fighting between them and Israelis, and if we have a choice then we support Hezbollah."

A two-state solution is "the solution for most of the problems in the Middle East", he says.

Foreign Secretary Lord Cameron has said he repeated his view that any response to Iran should be designed to limit and de-escalate the conflict when visiting Israel today.

"Nobody wants to see this conflict grow and spread," said Lord Cameron.

He turned to Hamas, which he blamed for holding up a truce deal in Gaza.

"Everyone should recognise that it is Hamas that is causing this conflict to continue."

Benjamin Netanyahu has thanked the British and German foreign ministers for their input, but said Israel would make its own decisions on security.

"Our allies have all kinds of suggestions and advice, I appreciate it, but I want to make it clear - we will make our own decisions, and the State of Israel will do everything necessary to defend itself," he said.

Lord Cameron has been in Israel today, alongside his German counterpart Annalena Baerbock, urging restraint in response to Iran's drone and missile attack.

UK Foreign Office minister David Rutley has been making a statement to Parliament on the situation in Gaza, where he says the humanitarian situation "is dire".

He insists the UK has "not changed our focus" on ensuring Israel meets "commitments to allow 500 aid trucks a day into Gaza" and open additional land corridors.

"We're pushing as hard as we can to get aid to Palestinian civilians... and we've been urging Israel at the highest level to take immediate action on the bottlenecks holding up humanitarian relief," he says.

The MP says ministers were "horrified" by the attack on humanitarian workers in Gaza, which killed seven people, including three Britons.

"Israel must do more to protect aid workers," he says.

David Lammy, the shadow foreign secretary, says that conditions in Gaza are "desperate and intolerable", saying famine has "taken hold" and sewage is spilling into the streets.

He adds there is "aid sat waiting, unable to reach those who are in need, some rotting where they stood, items removed from trucks without explanation.

"Doctors are reusing single-use medical equipment from patients who have died."

Mr Lammy says: "This is a description of hell on Earth.

"It cannot go on."

He asks why the government has not yet restored funding to UNRWA, the UN's humanitarian relief agency in Gaza.

"It's shocking in the face of famine that the UK is one of the last major donors that has not yet resumed funding, without explanation."

The UK was among donors which suspended funding to the agency in January after Israel claimed some of its members were involved in Hamas's 7 October attacks - but no evidence to support those allegations has since been provided by Israel.

Rockets have struck northern Israel, injuring at least six people, our partner network NBC News reports.

The injured are being evacuated from western Galilee to a medical centre in Nahariya, emergency services said.

One of the injured is said to be in serious condition.

Frequent rocket exchanges between Israel and Hezbollah have taken place across the border with Lebanon since the war in Gaza began.

Israel's military offensive has now killed at least 33,899 Palestinians in Gaza, the health ministry in the Hamas-run territory has said.

Another 76,664 have been wounded since 7 October, the ministry said.

The updated figures come after 56 Palestinians were killed and 89 injured in the past 24 hours, it added.

The ministry does not distinguish between civilians and fighters in its reports, but says most of those killed are women and children.

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How Kings beat Warriors in Play-In Tournament: Steph Curry and company headed home

The Sacramento Kings are headed to New Orleans, and the Golden State Warriors are heading home.

In the 9-10 Play-In matchup in the Western Conference, the ninth-seeded Kings defeated the 10th-seeded Warriors 118-94 to end Golden State's season, one year after the Warriors beat the Kings in a seven-game first-round playoff series.

It was the Kings' largest margin of victory against Golden State since 2006. They'll take on the Pelicans on Friday night, with the winner facing the top-seeded Oklahoma City Thunder in a first-round series beginning Sunday.

REQUIRED READING

Steve Kerr on Klay Thompson: 'We want him back'

Is the Warriors' dynasty over?

This excerpt is from The Pulse, The Athletic's daily sports newsletter. Sign up here.

It’s rare to actually know the moment a dynasty ends. Golden State’s 118-94 blowout loss to Sacramento in an elimination Play-In game last night sure felt like it, though.

It was a jarring moment of catharsis for the Kings, who fell in seven games to these Warriors in the first round last season. And it was a low, low moment for the trio of Steph Curry, Draymond Green and Klay Thompson, who might’ve played their last game together. That feels bizarre to even type.

A few things:

Curry is still a near MVP-level player and isn't going anywhere. His contract is up in 2026, when he'll be 38. He will obviously be the sun that the Warriors orbit for the next few years.
Green, 34, is also under contract for the next three seasons, plus a fourth-year player option. He’s also still an elite defender. His role might diminish, but he’ll likely be there.
Thompson could be the odd man out. One half of the legendary Splash Brothers, the guy who scored 60 points on 11 dribbles and put up 41 on the road in an elimination game, an anchor of a team that won four championships in eight years — possibly gone. He's a free agent, and unless he takes a sweetheart deal to stay in the Bay, he'll be in a different uniform next season. For what it's worth, coach Steve Kerr wants him back . Also: Thompson scored zero points last night. Brutal.

For a five- or six-year span, this group defined basketball. They changed the styles everyone played and the ways GMs built rosters. Their legacies have long been intact, but it's nevertheless weird to see them start arriving at the legacy stage.

And of course this possible dynasty-ending loss comes at the hand of Mike Brown, the Kings coach who helped the Warriors win three of those four titles as an assistant.

The probable end of the Warriors’ dynasty, plus NHL playoff teams are set

Chris Paul isn't retiring, but will he be on the Warriors next season?

SACRAMENTO, Calif. — Chris Paul is 11 hours from his 19th NBA season ending. He’s less than a month from turning 39. He takes a seat in the third row of Golden 1 Center after the Golden State Warriors' morning shootaround in Sacramento. Later that night, the Sacramento Kings blow them out 118-94, an elimination that also throws into question Paul’s immediate future.

But this much is clear: Paul is not retiring. He will play a 20th NBA season somewhere.

"I'll talk to my wife and my kids, my family, my support system, see what it looks like," Paul told The Athletic. "But this isn't (the end of my career). I know it for sure."

Paul remains under contract for the Warriors next season, but there's a necessary caveat. All $30 million of his deal is non-guaranteed. Part of the Warriors' reasoning behind the Jordan Poole for Paul trade last offseason was the financial flexibility it would provide this summer. The Warriors can use it as a trade vehicle or wipe all $30 million off the books before it guarantees on June 28.

Those options and decisions will be explored in the coming weeks. But Joe Lacob and the Warriors' ownership group have already indicated a desire to avoid the second apron and even duck the luxury tax entirely, resetting the repeater clock. Salary slashing is needed for that goal. Tuesday's elimination — capping a turbulent 46-win season that finished with the 10th seed and zero playoff home dates — would only seem to accelerate that desire for a financial pullback.

So Paul's future with the Warriors is as uncertain (and perhaps more unlikely) than any other player who left the locker room late Tuesday night.

"I haven't thought about it," Paul said. "I'm too in it. I was in the gym at 8 a.m. this morning, lifting and getting ready for this game. When it's time for that, Mike (Dunleavy) and Steve (Kerr), we’ll have a conversation and see what it looks like. But I loved it. It's honestly — this is my fifth year living without my family — I probably saw them more than any other year."

Was this Klay Thompson's last game? 'I think he's meant to be a Warrior for life'

Ezra Shaw / Getty Images

SACRAMENTO, Calif. — There was no goodbye, if anybody was looking or listening for it. There was nothing to say. At the disappointing end of this hectic Golden State Warriors season on Tuesday night, Klay Thompson stopped for a few seconds on his way off the Golden 1 Center floor and silently scanned a few sections of the crowd with a somber look on his face.

He didn't scowl. He didn't drop his head. He just looked around, quietly absorbed the scene, nodded his head once or twice and walked into the locker room. Then Klay didn't speak to reporters that I could tell and wasn't asked to go to the podium. The Warriors plan for Klay and other players to speak to the media in the season-ending sessions on Wednesday.

So it didn’t feel like a Klay Thompson farewell, at least not to the Warriors. It seemed more like a night of reflection, acceptance and possibly adjustment. He’s not the player he used to be. He really proved that in the Warriors’ season-ending 118-94 Play-In loss to the Sacramento Kings, when Klay missed all 10 of his shots, didn’t score a point and, like the rest of his team, was overwhelmed by the younger, faster Kings.

But he’s still an integral part of the Warriors’ identity and someone the top guys can’t imagine as an ex-Warrior, which also was clearly evident after the game when Steve Kerr, Stephen Curry and Draymond Green were asked about Klay's future now that he's weeks away from hitting unrestricted free agency.

I asked Kerr after his presser: Does it hurt you to think that Klay might've ended his Warriors career like this?

"No, no, I'm not thinking that way," Kerr told me. "It hurts to see him struggle out there. But it doesn't take away from who he still is as a player. In the second half of the year, he was really, really good. There’s still a lot of good years left for Klay. I really believe that.

"And I really believe he'll be back. I think he's meant to be a Warrior for life."

Read the rest of my column here.

What’s Klay Thompson’s future after his 0-for-10 clunker?

Keegan Murray's offseason work pays off vs. Warriors

Cary Edmondson / USA Today

SACRAMENTO, Calif. — When De'Aaron Fox made it to the podium after the Sacramento Kings defeated the Golden State Warriors 118-94 to advance to a second Play-In game against the New Orleans Pelicans, he was even-keeled as usual.

During the first few questions, he cracked an occasional smile. But Fox couldn't contain his grin when asked about his younger counterpart Keegan Murray, who finished with a game-high 32 points, nine rebounds and two steals, and shot 8 of 13 from 3.

"Just seeing his development, and how different he's been," Fox said. "Just seeing him come out of his shell, and then also on the court coming out of his shell as well."

Few know better than Fox the amount of work Murray has put in since Sacramento was eliminated from the playoffs by Golden State roughly a year ago.

Over the offseason, the two spent time together fine-tuning their games. All that hard work manifested itself in Murray leading the Kings past the Warriors in the most important game of the season.

Read the rest of my story here.

How Keegan Murray’s offseason training with De’Aaron Fox propelled Kings past Warriors in Play-In

Early struggles too much to overcome

First couple months derailed this Warriors season. Veteran slumps, late-game collapses, Draymond Green suspensions. They stabilized some, found some youth. Won 46 games. But they were never good enough in a crowded West, and their season ends on April 16.

For the first time ever, the Warriors with a healthy Stephen Curry, Draymond Green and Klay Thompson will not be in the playoffs.

Klay Thompson 0-for-10, including six 3s. Wow

Keegan Murray (26) and De’Aaron Fox (24) are the lone 20-point scorers heading in the fourth quarter. They’re a combined 19/40 from the field and 8/17 from 3-point range.

Kings enter the fourth with a 15-point lead.

The last two meaningful games for the Warriors, their 3-point defense has been atrocious.

New Orleans: 20-for-38

Sacramento: 15-for-31*

Through three quarters

So in their last seven quarters, the Warriors have allowed 35-for-69 shooting from three (50.7 percent). In those same quarters, they’ve shot 23-for-61 from three (37.7 percent)

In the Warriors’ 36 losses, they’ve shot 34.6 percent from three while allowing 39.1 percent.

In the Warriors’ 46 wins, they’ve shot 40.8 percent from three while allowing 33.6 percent shooting.

The Kings have already notched their highest-scoring quarter of the game thus far. Sacramento is currently outscoring Golden State 32-23 with 2:21 remaining in the third. De'Aaron Fox has 14 of the 32 this quarter and is up to a game-high 24 points, four rebounds, five assists and two steals on 11-of-21 shooting.

Kings are +15 in field goal attempts thanks to 10 offensive rebounds and 11 Warriors turnovers.

The Kings have put Ellis on Curry. He forces a turnover that leads to a 3. Curry went straight to the refs after the timeout. He thought he was fouled.

Jonathan Kuminga starting the second half in place of Trayce Jackson-Davis. Warriors going small immediately with Draymond Green at center.

The Warriors got a taste of the new-look Kings defense

Sacramento, which lost Malik Monk and Kevin Huerter to injury, are starting Keon Ellis next to De’Aaron Fox. That gives Sacramento two credible defenders who specialize in ball pressure. And Keegan Murray’s been emphasizing his defense all season, so that’s three players who have the tangibles — for Fox and Ellis' quickness, for Murray's length — to be aggressive on the perimeter.

That’s a monkey wrench for the Warriors’ motion offense, which thrives on passing and movement. All season, those types of teams have given the Warriors fits.

Ellis picked Curry’s pocket for a break-away layup. Fox did the same to Wiggins — who was bringing the ball up to take the pressure off Curry. The Warriors were out of sync offensively as a result, turning it over five times.

When they got passed the first line of defense, they had success. The Kings don’t have a rim protector with Domantas Sabots as their center. But the Kings’ ball pressure prevented the Warriors from getting into their actions.

Chris Paul was supposed to be the antidote, but he’s been struggling under the pressure, too.

Kings announcer Scott Moak just now, with the same ominous tone every single time as the sellout crowd grew more and more anxious...

"Jonathan Kuminga...." after the Warriors forward buried a 15-footer with Domantas Sabonis sagging in the paint.

"Jonathan Kuminga...." after he followed that shot with a 17-footer with Sabonis sagging yet again.

"Jonathan Kuminga...." after he hit a fading bank shot from the left side to cut the Kings' lead that was once 16 points down to eight.

This game isn't over yet - not even close. Here come the Warriors...

We're one quarter in, and Kings owner Vivek Ranadive is high-fiving folks from his courtside seat after his squad gets off to this 31-22 edge. Given all the history between Ranadive and the Warriors, with his years as a Golden State minority owner having led to his 2013 buy-in as the majority owner of the Kings, it's safe to assume that he really wants this game. Especially considering the way the Warriors knocked the Kings out a year ago.

Now we wait to see if this mood will be there until the end...

Watch CBS News

U.S. issues travel warning for Israel with Iran attack believed to be imminent and fear Gaza war could spread

By Debora Patta , Tucker Reals

Updated on: April 13, 2024 / 5:25 PM EDT / CBS News

Update: Iran launched drone attacks against Israel on Saturday. Read CBS News' latest coverage here .

Tel Aviv — Israel is bracing for a worst-case scenario that U.S. officials believe could materialize within just hours — the possibility of a direct attack on Israeli soil by Iran in retaliation for a strike almost two weeks ago that killed seven Iranian military officers. Iran has vowed to take revenge for Israel killing its commanders, who were hit by an April 1 strike on the Iranian embassy in Syria's capital.

Two U.S. officials told CBS News that a major Iranian attack against Israel was expected as soon as Friday, possibly to include more than 100 drones and dozens of missiles aimed at military targets inside the country. Sources have told CBS News the retaliation could include attacks carried out both by Iranian forces, and proxy groups around the region that it has been funneling additional arms to for weeks.

The officials said it would be challenging for the Israelis to defend against an attack of that magnitude, and while they held out the possibility that the Iranians could opt for a smaller-scale attack to avoid a dramatic escalation, their retaliation was believed to be imminent.

Asked Friday how imminent he believes an attack is, President Biden responded, "I don't want to get into secure information, but my expectation is sooner than later." The president urged Iran not to move forward, saying his message to Tehran was: "Don't."

Tehran has not indicated publicly how or when it will return fire, so it's unclear how far Iran's leaders will go. If they decide to carry out a direct attack on Israel, there's fear it could blow Israel's ongoing war against Iranian ally Hamas up into a much wider regional conflict.

With the Iranian retaliation expected at any time, the U.S. State Department on Thursday warned Americans in Israel not to travel outside major cities, which are better protected from incoming rocket fire by the country's Iron Dome missile defense system. The latest guidance noted that travel by U.S. government employees in Israel could be further restricted with little notice as things develop in the tinderbox region.

"Whoever harms us, we will harm them," Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu vowed Thursday as he visited troops at an Israel Defense Forces airbase. "We are prepared … both defensively and offensively."

Iran-Burning Flags Of The U.S. And Israel

On Saturday, all U.S. embassies in the Middle East were put on high alert and required to hold emergency action committee meetings. Diplomats in Lebanon and Israel were specifically told not to travel to certain areas within those countries.

Sima Shine, a security expert and former official with Israel's national intelligence agency Mossad, told CBS News it was a dangerous moment for the region, and the "most worried" she has been. She said anxiety over an all-out war was likely just as high "on both sides, in Israel and in Iran."

If Iran does choose to strike Israel directly, it could involve a complex missile and drone attack similar to the one Iranian forces launched against a Saudi oil facility in 2019 .

"They will try to do it on the military or some military asset," Shine predicted. "But the question will be the damage. If there would be many injured people, killed or injured … I think it has the potential for a huge escalation."

Iran- International Jerusalem Day Rally In Tehran

Shine stressed, however, that she still believes neither side actually wants a regional conflict.

U.S. "really trying to avoid war"

The U.S. sent a senior general to Israel this week to coordinate with the close American ally on any response it might make to an Iranian attack. Speaking Friday on "CBS Mornings," America's top military officer said, "we're really trying to avoid war."

"This is part of the dialogue that I have with my counterparts within the region, to include the Israeli chief of defense, who I talked to yesterday," said Joint Chiefs chairman Gen. Charles Q. Brown, Jr., adding that the U.S. military was "doing things not only to prevent a war, but at the same time, one of my primary things is to make sure all the forces in the region are protected."

"My role, as the chairman of the Joint Chiefs, is to plan and prepare," Brown said. "That's one thing we do very well."

Brown's Israeli counterpart, Chief of the General Staff Lt. Gen. Herzi Halevi, "completed a comprehensive situational assessment on the readiness of the IDF for all scenarios," Israel's military said Friday.

"The IDF is very strongly prepared, both offensively and defensively, against any threat," Halevi was quoted as saying in the statement. "The IDF continues to monitor closely what is happening in Iran and different arenas, constantly preparing to deal with existing and potential threats in coordination with the United States Armed Forces."

The IDF said the visiting U.S. general, Central Command chief Gen. Michael Erik Kurilla, was taking part in the IDF's situational assessment.

The dilemma for Iran, said Israeli expert Shine, is to figure out how to deliver its promised response to Israel's attack in Syria, but in a way that does not lead to further escalation. Likewise, Shine said Israel could choose to show restraint when it responds to whatever Iran eventually does.

If either side gets the balance wrong, the consequences for the region, and even the world, could be dire.

Weijia Jiang, David Martin, Margaret Brennan and Olivia Gazis contributed reporting.

Middle East
Benjamin Netanyahu

Debora Patta is a CBS News foreign correspondent based in Johannesburg. Since joining CBS News in 2013, she has reported on major stories across Africa, the Middle East and Europe. Edward R. Murrow and Scripps Howard awards are among the many accolades Patta has received for her work.

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2024 Masters leaderboard breakdown: Byson DeChambeau, Scottie Scheffler go low, set pace with Round 1 halted

There are plenty of low scores on the masters leaderboard, but dechambeau and scheffler may be tough to catch nonetheless.

A pair of former U.S. Ryder Cup teammates find themselves out in front of the field after the first day of play at the 2024 Masters. Round 1 action was suspended at 7:51 p.m. ET due to darkness, but it is Bryson DeChambeau who puts head to pillow with the clubhouse lead overnight.

Catching fire during the early wave Thursday and utilizing eight birdies to card a 7-under 65, DeChambeau was clinical around Augusta National Golf Club. Ranking second from tee to green and first with the putter in hand, the 2020 U.S. Open champion put himself in a fine position to claim another of golf's grandest prizes.

In order to do so, DeChambeau will have to take down the man who stood alongside him at Whistling Straits a few years ago, Scottie Scheffler. The world No. 1 looked exactly like the world No. 1 should look Thursday as he navigated the tricky conditions at Augusta National in bogey-free fashion en route to a 6-under 66.

Racing to the finish line with four birdies over his last seven holes, Scheffler got through the worst of the conditions unblemished; instead of shriveling, he thrived. While he was unable to tack on one final birdie at the last to catch DeChambeau, he is undoubtedly the favorite to add one more major to his belt.

Scheffler was not the only Masters champion to find his stride Thursday as Danny Willett sits in third in the clubhouse at 4 under in his first start since September 2023 due to injury. Major staples like Will Zalatoris, Brian Harman, Tommy Fleetwood and Patrick Reed are lurking, while Rory McIlroy fired an under-par round to keep himself in the mix in his latest chase for the career grand slam.

Watch the final three rounds of the 2024 Masters continuing Friday with Masters Live as we follow the best golfers in the world through Augusta National with Featured Groups , check in at the famed Amen Corner and see leaders round the turn on holes 15 & 16 . Watch live on CBSSports.com , the CBS Sports app and Paramount+ .

2024 Masters leaderboard, Round 1 in progress

1. Bryson DeChambeau (-7): It was a controlled round for Bryson after he got off to a dream start with three straight birdies out of the gate. He hit 10 fairways, 15 greens in regulation and got up and down at an 86% clip. DeChambeau putted the ball beautifully on top of that, experiencing a renewed sense of patience on the golf course. He finished T29 in the 2019 Masters after holding the first-round lead.

"Winning at Winged Foot helped me understand how to win big tournaments," DeChambeau said. "But a lot of patience, especially out here on this golf course where you feel like it's gettable, you see it's right in front of you, but it's just tricky out here. It can be super tricky. Making sure that you play aggressively but in a safe manner to where it's not going to get you into too much trouble. So, for me, as my game has progressed, I've learned to be a -- I've tried to be a little bit smarter out there on the golf course and not try to go for broke and go for every flag but place it in the right position."

2. Scottie Scheffler (-6): There just aren't enough words to describe this guy. Scheffler led the field from tee to green, was slightly above average on the greens and got around a difficult Augusta National without dropping a shot. Now, it was not without a little good fortune as he holed a bunker shot on the par-3 12th for birdie and received a great break on the next when it appeared his second was destined for Rae's Creek. He skirted the water and instead added another birdie before picking up two more on his second nine, but that's what the great ones do. Scheffler's 66 was the lowest of his Masters career and his first bogey-free effort at Augusta National.

3. Nicolai Hojgaard (-5): Three holes still to play.

T4. Danny Willett, Max Homa (-4): Homa came into this week without much on his major résumé, and he is on pace to post his best ever opening round in a major championship with five holes left in his round. He impressed alongside Tiger Woods on Thursday and capped an impressive day with a nice up-and-down birdie on the par-5 13th to navigate Amen Corner in even-par fashion.

T6. Ryan Fox, Cameron Davis, Tyrrell Hatton (-3): Hatton has four holes still to play.

T9. Will Zalatoris, Ludvig Aberg, Tommy Fleetwood, Joaquin Niemann and four others (-2): One year removed from withdrawing for the Masters and opting for back surgery, Zalatoris finds himself in the major mix once again. Arriving with a stellar history at Augusta National that consisted of a runner-up performance in his debut and T6 in his second stroll, the wiry right hander is at it again. He kickstarted his round thanks to playing the second-nine par 5s in 3 under, but dropped shots on his final two holes left him at 2 under and with a bad taste in his mouth.

"That's the thing about this place, is that you get so much wind, so much swirling," Zalatoris said. "I hit 10 great golf shots on the last two holes coming in. That's just part of what it is around this place. It's playing brutal but it's a lot of fun right now. The course was very fair. Even with everything that we've gone through. Overall, yeah, very pleased."

Aberg and Fleetwood both have holes still to play.

T17. Rory McIlroy, Tiger Woods, Patrick Cantlay, Viktor Hovland, Tony Finau, Matt Fitzpatrick and eight others (-1): There is a lot of good news for McIlroy, who signed for his first under-par opening round at the Masters in six years. He played the par 5s in even par, missed a short birdie chance on the 16th and could have easily squeezed out a couple more shots here or there. McIlroy's wedge play was a smidge sloppy leading to a dropped shot on the par-5 2nd and not aiding him in up-and-down efforts on two other occasions. Woods opened with a birdie, went back to par after the 4th and then birdied the 8th to maintain his score with five holes left to play.

T32. Xander Schauffele, Justin Thomas, Brooks Koepka, Shane Lowry, Tom Kim and five others (E): This is probably a disappointed bunch, especially someone like Schauffele who came into the week riding so much momentum. The world No. 5 made dropped two shots in his first four holes and slugged his way back to even par on the second nine. Outside of his iron play, Schauffele struggled, but he is not totally out of this tournament if he can post a low one on Friday. Koepka is only through the 11th.

T42. Jon Rahm, Phil Mickelson, Wyndham Clark, Dustin Johnson, Collin Morikawa and seven others (+1): The defending champion got off to a nice start playing his first nine in 2 under, but it fell apart from there. A second-nine 39 was the result of loose iron swings and a little frustration boiling over. He dropped shots on 17 and 18 to come in right around the course average on Thursday.

"It's a difficult golf course," Rahm said. "That's all I can say. It's not easy. You're not really having the luxury out there of being able to miss shots, especially tee shots. Unfortunately, on that back nine I missed a few too many shots."

Rick Gehman, Greg DuCharme and Patrick McDonald recap Round 1 of the Masters from Augusta National. Follow & listen to The First Cut on Apple Podcasts and Spotify .

Play suspended due to darkness at 7:52 p.m. ET

The horn has been sounded and players now face the choice on whether they want to complete the hole they are currently on. Tiger Woods, Max Homa and Jason Day are around the green on the par-5 13th with players such as Brooks Koepka, Jordan Spieth behind them. These guys will have to complete most of their second nines tomorrow morning.

Koepka keeping his cool

The five-time major champion hasn't made much noise, but he is right there kind of hanging around. Koepka exchanged a birdie for a bogey on his first nine to turn in even par and will have a chance to put his foot on the gas with some birdie chances on this side. Whether this chance comes tonight or tomorrow morning depends on the sunlight.

Tiger, Max hummin'

These two are kind of feeding off each other, I think. Max Homa turns in 4 under thanks to birdies on Nos. 8-9 while Tiger is back in red figures as well thank to a birdie on the par 5. It has been clinical from Tiger up until his approach into the 10th which will short side him and set up a tricky par attempt.

Scheffler shoots 6-under 66

That was clinical from the world No. 1. Scheffler signs for six birdies, 12 pars and will sign for a bogey-free 6-under 66 to put himself just one behind Bryson DeChambeau. In a shocking development, Scheffler ranked first in strokes gained tee to green on Thursday.

Rahm shoots 1-over 73

The defending champion experienced a second nine to forget at Augusta National. After turning in 2 under, Rahm came home in 3-over 39 in part to back-to-back bogeys to finish. The world No. 3 was sloppy with his iron play throughout the day and never looked super comfortable en route to his 1-over 73.

Scheffler surging to the finish line

The world No. 1 tacks on a couple second-nine birdies and finds himself just one behind Bryson DeChambeau. Scheffler heads to 18 with a chance to tie the first-round lead while other players like Will Zalatoris, Matt Fitzpatrick and Jon Rahm are faltering down the stretch.

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The main difference between latency and RTT is that latency only measures the time it takes for a packet to travel from its source to its destination, while RTT measures the time it takes for a packet to make a round trip. Latency measures the time it takes for a packet to travel from one point to another. It's the measure of one-way delay.
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Prices were available within the past 7 days and start at $704 for one-way flights and $977 for round trip, for the period specified. Prices and availability are subject to change. Additional terms apply. Looking for cheap flights to Moscow? Book now to earn airline miles in addition to our OneKeyCash rewards and receive alerts if flight prices ...
Tiger Woods had 52 minutes between Masters rounds. Here's everything he did
Tiger Woods had plenty of prep time between his last competitive round on the PGA Tour, at the Genesis Invitational, ... or on your annual 36-holes-a-day buddies' trip.
Chicago police shooting: 96 shots fired in a fatal traffic stop. Here's
Newly released bodycam footage reveals the mayhem that unfolded in a residential neighborhood when Chicago police fired as many as 96 bullets toward a man during a traffic stop, killing the 26 ...
Gov. Holcomb, IDHS announce next round of personal protective equipment
INDIANAPOLIS - Governor Eric Holcomb and the Indiana Department of Homeland Security today announced a $10 million state investment in new personal protective equipment (PPE). This new equipment will allow volunteer firefighters across Indiana to better serve their communities. Most Indiana communities are served by volunteer fire departments, and many operate on shoestring budgets and with ...
2024 NBA playoffs bracket: Postseason picture, matchups as Lakers
Here's a look at the complete playoff bracket with all the seeds set. You can see the full playoff schedule here.. 2024 NBA playoff bracket. West (1) Thunder vs. (8) Pelicans/Kings
Middle East latest: Iran warns 'tiniest' attack will spark 'fierce and
Iran's president has warned the "tiniest move" against the country would bring a "fierce" response during a speech at an annual army parade. Meanwhile, Lord Cameron is in Israel, where he will ...
Driving Distance Calculator
Driving distances between two cities. Travelmath helps you find driving distances based on actual directions for your road trip. You can get the distance between cities, airports, states, countries, or zip codes to figure out the best route to travel to your destination. Combine this information with the fuel cost tool to find out how much it ...
How Kings beat Warriors in Play-In Tournament: Steph Curry and company
The Sacramento Kings are headed to New Orleans, and the Golden State Warriors are heading home. In the 9-10 Play-In matchup in the Western Conference, the ninth-seeded Kings defeated the 10th ...
U.S. issues travel warning for Israel with Iran attack believed to be
With the Iranian retaliation expected at any time, the U.S. State Department on Thursday warned Americans in Israel not to travel outside major cities, which are better protected from incoming ...
2024 Masters leaderboard breakdown: Byson DeChambeau, Scottie Scheffler
2024 Masters leaderboard, Round 1 in progress. 1. Bryson DeChambeau (-7): It was a controlled round for Bryson after he got off to a dream start with three straight birdies out of the gate. He hit ...