eyjafjallajokull air travel disruption

• Effects on Aircraft
• Signs of an Encounter
• Actions for Flight Crew
• Global Mitigation
• Eyjafjallajökull Impact
• Resources & References

The 2010 eruption of Iceland's Eyjafjallajökull volcano had a huge impact on air travel, changing the assessment of risk by the aviation sector and catalyzing new lines of scientific investigation. Ash advisories derived from dispersion-model output were issued by the London VAAC, depicting the presence of ash over large parts of Europe and the North Atlantic. Based on those advisories, over 300 airports in about two dozen countries, and a correspondingly large airspace, were closed in Europe during 15-21 April 2010. This resulted in massive impacts on air travel worldwide. Over 100,000 flights were cancelled over that week, affecting 7 million passengers, and resulting in $1.7 billion USD in lost revenue to airlines according to an analysis by Oxford Economics.

To reopen airspace, European aviation authorities endorsed the creation of a new type of concentration chart advisory product that delineated hazard zones based on dispersion model output of ash concentrations. So called 'low' ash concentrations were deemed to be defined as 3 . The concentration charts were adopted by air traffic management and airlines with the expectation that zones of low density ash could be transited with no or minimal risk of immediate aircraft damage providing a regime of enhanced risk assessment by airlines, including more frequent aircraft inspections, was adopted. Currently, concentration charts have only been adopted for operational use in Europe and the North Atlantic region, as outlined in Volcanic Ash Contingency Plan EUR and NAT Regions . The scientific validity and operational utility of the ash concentration charts have been questioned by international experts and therefore have not been implemented outside Europe.

Also in response to Eyjafjallajökull's impact on air travel, ICAO formed the International Volcanic Ash Task Force (IVATF) in May 2010, charging it to examine how best to define hazardous airspace and manage aviation risk. The IVATF included representatives from government and industry groups involved in aviation regulation, operations, and scientific investigations. The IVATF finished its work in June 2012, and a record of its results is available.

On the scientific front, there has been a notable increase in volcanic-cloud research since Eyjafjallajökull and the Cordon Caulle long-lived ash plume of 2011. A burst of scientific articles has been published, including in special journal issues (Hasager et al, 2010; Langmann et al., 2012). Overall, these eruptions have prompted the aviation industry, regulators, and scientists to work more closely together to improve the manner in which hazardous airspace is defined, forecast, and communicated.

Simple Flying

10 years after the eyjafjallajökull eruption, europe is grounded again.

Exactly ten years ago, on the 15th of April 2010, the volcanic eruption of Eyjafjallajökull in Iceland had caused European airspace to come to a standstill. Nearly all flights in Europe and across the Atlantic Ocean were suspended for almost a week, as ash from the eruption of the volcano threatened flight safety. However, ten years later, we are seeing similar outcomes, as European airspace is empty again. This time, however, for a very different reason.

What happened?

The eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull in Iceland were a series of volcanic activities from March to June of 2010. Although the volcanic eruptions were relatively small, the effects had a hugely debilitating impact on the European airline industry. The massive volcanic plumes released on the 14th of April 2010, covered almost the entirety of Northern Europe and forced more than 20 countries to close their airspace. The closure resulted in 10 million passengers left stranded across the world.

The effects of the volcanic eruptions were felt mainly because of its magnitude. This, combined with its geographical location beneath one of the busiest airspaces in the world, exacerbated the problem.

Massive plumes from the explosion reached heights of 9 km (5.6 mi) with debris spread across most of Europe. This meant that the clouds were almost unavoidable for any given flight in or out of the continent. In total, the six-day flight ban resulted in the cancellation of 95,000 flights and a US$1.7 billion loss for the airline industry.

Why flights were grounded

The main reason why flights had to stop was due to the volcanic ash. Although it looks similar to an ordinary cloud, an ash plume is formed of many tiny particles of sediment. This sediment can have devastating effects on an aircraft and may even result in the failure of engines. This situation is relatable to that of British Airways Flight 9, which lost all four of its engines after entering volcanic ash over Indonesia in 1982.

Since then, there has been a lot of discussion among aviation authorities to assess safe flying circumstances in case of another volcanic eruption. Today, an aircraft is allowed to fly over an ash plume only if the ash density is between 2mg and 4mg per cubic meter.

Ten years later, a similar scene

Regrettably, the European airline industry has been grounded again. This time though, for a different reason. The spread of coronavirus has affected the airline industry worldwide. However, Europe has seen the most significant number of flight cancellations and economic losses.

One of the prime reasons for this is the number of COVID-19 cases across Europe. With over 957,551 cases, Europe as a whole is taking the brunt of this pandemic. The spread of coronavirus has led to an increase in travel restrictions and reduced passenger demand. As a result of this, airlines in Europe are currently operating at just 20% of the initially planned capacity.

However, recent trends are showing signs of improvement. With the number of daily cases dipping, we can hope for the airline industry to be back and running within the next few months.

Were you affected by the volcanic eruptions of 2010? Let us know your story in the comments.

NEWS... BUT NOT AS YOU KNOW IT

The last volcano eruption in Iceland was so powerful, it shut Europe’s skies

Share this with

As Iceland braces itself for a potentially devastating eruption , memories of the 2010 Eyjafjallajokull volcano that brought European air travel to a standstill are springing to mind.

The eruption, which began causing trouble on April 14, sent a vast plume of ash soaring into the sky six miles high. 

Winds spread the ash across much of northern Europe, grounding planes that could not fly through the dusty atmosphere, leading to the largest air-traffic shutdown since World War Two .

Follow our live blog for latest updates on Iceland’s Fagradalsfjall volcano

The disruption lasted more than a week, leaving around 10 million travellers unable to get to or from their destination – Radio 1 DJ Chris Moyles had to conduct his show from New York having been on holiday in the US before the eruption.

German airline Lufthansa was the last company to resume flights, taking to the skies again on Thursday, April 22.

However, even after all that time, most people still struggled to pronounce the volcano’s name – AY-uh-fyat-luh-YOE-kuutl.

The eruption itself actually began in March of that year, and was relatively small. However, the drama started as the eruptions spread to the centre of the volcano, which was covered in ice.

As melting water poured into the magma below, it rapidly cooled it, so instead of flowing out as lava, it transformed into the jagged ash particles that were then spewed high into the air by steam from the eruption – and you know what happened next.

In the years since, and for millennia before, volcanoes have erupted on the island of Iceland, although none caused such widespread chaos.

How many volcanoes are there in Iceland?

Sat on top of both the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and a hot spot, Iceland is subject to a double-whammy of volcanic activity.

There are 132 volcanoes scattered across the country, meaning those living on the island are rarely far from an eruption – either in time or space.

Will the November 2023 Iceland volcano eruption affect flights?

While another eruption is imminent, Iceland’s main airport, Keflavik International Airport, is still open despite being just 10 miles away, with flights taking off and landing throughout the last week as the volcano has been rumbling away.

Airlines are continuing to sell flights to the country, including to Keflavik, from less than £80 return.

Although the eruption has not yet hit, experts suggest it is unlikely to cause as much disruption as Eyjafjallajokull because of the different type of activity.

Timeline of Iceland’s volcanic eruptions

1963-1967: surtsey.

Yes, that’s a four-year eruption, the result of which was a brand new island for Iceland.

An undersea volcano began belching out tephra – rock fragments and particles – and lava, which cooled and solidified, forming the island Surtsey, named after Surtr, a mythological Norse fire giant.

After the eruptions stopped the island quickly became home to plant and animal life, but is already shrinking due to erosion by the waves.

1973: Eldfell volcano

Locals on the Westman Islands got a surprise on January 23, 1973, when the Eldfell volcano erupted with no warning.

However, Iceland is still well-prepared for sneak eruptions, and evacuations were complete within a few hours – although sadly one person lost their life.

The eruption continued until July, ejecting so much lava and ash that the island increased in size by more than two square kilometres. Unfortunately, the sheer volume of ash also buried hundreds of homes, but most were later excavated and residents were able to return.

1977-1981: Krafla volcano

A long one, but not the most destructive. Over four years the Krafla volcano spewed out lava across the landscape, dubbed the ‘Krafla fires’.

The eruptions were accompanied by numerous earthquakes. However, the slow-moving lava created quite a visual spectacle, and people flocked to see the eruptions – while the national news station also televised them.

2000: Hekla volcano

This year marks the most recent eruption of Hekla, but it was not a particularly memorable one.

However, the volcano deserves special mention for having been dubbed ‘the entrance to hell itself’ in the Middle Ages following a devastating eruption in 1104.

2010: Eyjafjallajokull volcano

The notorious Eyjafjallajokull eruption. Enough said.

2011: Grimsvotn volcano

Grimsvotn is Iceland’s most active volcano, erupting 70 times in the last 1,000 years.

In 2011 it set off again, blasting out a huge plume of ash 12 miles high – higher than Eyjafjallajokull.

However, this caused less travel disruption due to the composition of the ash and weather at the time, meaning local residents were most inconvenienced as the ash fell back to Earth over their homes and cars.

2014-2015: Bardarbunga volcano

Stretching 125 miles across the east of Iceland, Bardarbunga is Iceland’s largest volcanic system.

In 2014, magma travelling along Bardarbunga set off the eruption of the Holuhraun fissure – and it didn’t stop for three months.

The amount of lava released was the greatest seen in Iceland since the eruption of the Laki system in 1783.

2021: Fagradalsfjall volcano

The eruption of Fagradalsfjall, which began on March 19, was the first in 800 years for the volcano.

It has remained active since, and is this system that threatens Iceland today.

MORE : Icelanders given just minutes to clear homes after town is ripped in half by crack

MORE : A volcano could erupt in Iceland. Here’s why it’s so prone to earthquakes

MORE : Is it safe to travel to Iceland? Latest Foreign Office advice

Follow Metro across our social channels, on Facebook , Twitter and Instagram

Share your views in the comments below

Sign Up for News Updates

Get your need-to-know latest news, feel-good stories, analysis and more.

Privacy Policy

Get us in your feed

• Business Management

Eyjafjallajökull: The Volcano That Erupted Icelandic Tourism

January 06, 2019 •

9 min reading

In April 2010, Eyjafjallajökull , a volcano in southern Iceland, began spewing several kilometres of volcanic ash into the atmosphere. The cloud of ash forced the greatest airspace closure since World War II, cancelling nearly 100,000 flights and disrupting the travel plans of tourists and business travelers alike throughout northern Europe. What could have been interpreted as a disaster for Iceland’s economy, turned out though to be a blessing in disguise .

The island had traditionally held little appeal to international tourists and most of the country’s GDP came from its fishing industry. Then, in 2008, the financial crisis sent the world’s economy into a tailspin which triggered a series of hardships that threatened to destroy the country’s reputation. The Icelandic Krona depreciated significantly as Icelandic banks were unable to repay their short-term debt, and over the course of a few weeks Iceland garnered more media attention than it had had in the previous two decades.

Criticism in the international media about the country’s financial situation, coupled with a global drop in leisure travel, led to a negative growth rate in foreign visitor arrivals in Iceland in 2009. All hope was not lost, however, and hope came from a most unlikely source: the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull in the spring of 2010.

So how did Iceland turn things around?

The country’s government, still reeling from the financial crisis, chose to bring in UK consulting firm Brooklyn Brothers to help mitigate the impact of the negative coverage.

In their initial analysis, the firm determined that following the eruption, negative sentiment towards the country in key tourist sources went from 19 percent three days after the eruption to 72 percent in just seven days.

In the three weeks after the disaster, tourist numbers fell by 30 percent, continuing into May. Based on this data, the Icelandic government predicted a 22 percent decline in tourist volumes, equating to a shortfall in revenue of £180 million for the economy.

The outlook was bleak but Brooklyn Brothers and the Icelandic government saw an opportunity to turn the tide of sentiment by making use of social media and leveraging the publicity. In order to refocus their efforts the government consolidated The Trade Council of Iceland , Invest in Iceland and the marketing efforts of the Icelandic Tourist Board under one organization: Promote Iceland .

‘Inspired by Iceland’

One major source of hope was the volume of positive reviews from tourists who had visited the country before. The newly-created tourism board estimated that more than 60 percent of tourists who had spent time in Iceland would be happy to return and would recommend it to others.

The key was then to create brand ambassadors for the country.

To this end, a social media campaign named Inspired by Iceland was launched with the strategic intent of depicting the beauty of the country, the friendliness of its people and the fact that it was very much open for business. The volcanic eruption provided the stage, now it was just a matter of re-writing the script.

In collaboration with Brooklyn Brothers, the Icelandic government encouraged the entire population of the island to stop what they were doing for 60 minutes in June 2010 for Iceland Hour and post whatever positive messages, pictures, or videos they wanted about their homeland.

Within one day of launching the campaign, one third of the population of 318,000, including the Prime Minister, had participated. More than one million messages were sent and the Inspired by Iceland promotional video was downloaded over one million times that same day, with tweets reaching more than five million people and the campaign’s Facebook page attracting 45,000 fans. Engagement in terms of sharing and posting activity was twice the average.

The success of the first Iceland Hour then snowballed. Across social and digital media generally, over 2 million stories were seen and sent by fans. Between June and August, live webcam footage of Iceland generated 60 million views . Overall, approximately 80 percent of posts during the campaign showed positive attitudes towards Iceland and negative posts fell from approximately 20 percent at the start of the campaign to a low of five percent mid-campaign.

As a reward for participating in Iceland Hour , and as an incentive to continue posting, the government staged a live open-air concert in July 2010 for anyone involved in the campaign. The concert was also streamed online so that anyone in the world could watch it for free. The concert attracted over 90,000 visits from 52 countries to the Inspired by Iceland website.

The Icelandic Tourist Board noted that positive perceptions of Iceland increased in three of its main tourist markets: the UK, Germany, and Denmark. Shortly following the launch of the campaign, USA Today voted Iceland as a top travel destination for 2011, and Lonely Planet listed Iceland’s Westfjords as one of its ‘Top 10 regions to travel for 2011’. In addition, CNN’s travel website, CNNGO, featured Reykjavik as the top holiday destination for Christmas 2010 .

It’s safe to say the campaign did its job in boosting tourism demand.

Brooklyn Brothers reported that between early May and year-end, tourist arrivals beat forecasts by 27 percent. At the peak of the season, in August, tourist numbers were some 43 percent above forecast levels. Overall, 79,252 additional visits were achieved. Given an average spend per head of £1,750, the total revenue generated was £138.7 million. All of this led to one key conclusion: the increase in Icelandic tourism was far greater than the previous decline caused by the natural disaster and greatly exceeded forecasts.

Source: Icelandic Tourist Board, 2018

In contrast, natural disasters in other parts of the world – whether the tsunami which struck Thailand in 2004, Hurricane Katrina in the US in 2005, or the tsunami and nuclear disaster in Japan in 2011 – have significantly hindered tourism demand with repercussions lasting for decades after the event took place.

With greater demand, comes more responsibility

The Inspired by Iceland promotion and other campaigns have been so successful that in 2017 the total number of tourist arrivals outnumbered the population seven to one. To put that into context, the total number of tourists visiting France outnumbered residents by two to one. The increase was so great that more tourists visited Iceland between 2008 and 2016 than had visited in the 60 years preceding that time .

This surge in social media attention also helped Iceland combat previous issues faced by the tourism industry, such as seasonality.

Iceland is in darkness for half the year and its summer temperatures average around 13 degrees centigrade. To tackle this issue, campaigns focused on the beauty of the winter landscape, Christmas packages, and local snow-mobile tours to see the Northern Lights. These have triggered an increase in the number of visitors to Iceland by as much as 30 percent since 2010, making tourism the biggest industry on the island and the single biggest employer.

Many Icelanders have been investing in services and new construction which will increase supply and help the tourism industry keep up with demand. Overall, the Eyjafjallajökull eruption led to a booming economy, which has expanded by 10 percent since its near-bankruptcy.

While tourism demand has increased by 12 percent per year on average over the past 10 years, the relatively slower pace of construction meant that supply took longer to adapt and only showed a growth rate of about five percent per year . Though there has been significant foreign investment in new hotels and infrastructure, the supply of accommodation and tourism outlets has not yet caught up with the increase in tourist arrivals .

Iceland's hotel sector consists mainly of domestic hotel chains and independent hotels. In addition, a few global brands have offered licensing contracts to domestic operators.As of October 2018, Iceland counted 162 hotels, whereof about one third are located in the capital of Reykjavik. Airbnb has helped to close the gap between supply and demand to some extent . However, the government has limited the maximum number of days residents are allowed to rent out their apartments to 90 days and capped the total rental price at ISK 11,110 per night (94 USD). The remaining shortfall in accommodation in general has led to significant upward pressure on room prices.

Adding to that pressure is the increase in inbound flights to Iceland. During 2018, the growth is estimated to be at about five percent. One of the most unexpected benefits of the Eyjafjallajökull eruption was the realization that Iceland’s Keflavik airport is located directly on the flight route from central Europe to California, and is a very convenient stop for many travelers from the US to Europe and vice versa. Once this strategic position became apparent, Iceland decided to position its international airport as an airline hub to feed the country’s tourism further.

In line with the increase in the number of hotels and air connections to Iceland, the number of tour operators grew as well.

Source: Euromonitor International, Travel in Iceland, 2015 and 2018

And the lesson learned? To survive an economic crisis, follow it up with a well-documented natural disaster!

While the volcanic eruption had a positive effect in the years after the incident, the question now is whether this rapid growth in Iceland’s tourism is sustainable. It is interesting to note that the while the government helped boost tourism and the reaction from the locals was hugely positive, there is beginning to be a backlash over rising prices, overtourism, increased house prices, and a worry that the unspoiled natural landscape is being adversely affected.

Iceland’s tourism industry could be reaching its capacity limit for the moment and will likely experience more moderate growth rates. Economic cycles, like clouds of ash, can rise, but they must inevitably come down again.

Simone Eliane Troxler and Sofia Van Holle are Executive MBA students at Ecole hôteliere de Lausanne. Their project was supervised by Dr. Yong Chen , an assistant professor who teaches marketing, and economics of tourism and hospitality at EHL.

• Brooklyn Brothers Agency, How Social Media Rescued Icelandic Tourism After The Volcanic Eruption , published 2014, https://www.mrs.org.uk/pdf/iceland.pdf .
• The Icelandic Tourist Board , Foreign Visitors To Iceland 1949-2017 , published in 2018, https://www.ferdamalastofa.is/en/recearch-and-statistics/numbers-of-foreign-visitors .
• Euromonitor International, Travel in Iceland, 2015, pages 15-19, and 2018, pages 15-21.

Executive MBA student at EHL

Keep reading

Unlocking AI in Hospitality SMEs: Q&A with Ian Millar

Apr 11, 2024

Unlocking organizational potential with human-centered leadership

Apr 08, 2024

Leveraging pluripotentiality for team and organizational excellence

Apr 04, 2024

This is a title

This is a text

• Bachelor Degree in Hospitality
• Pre-University Courses
• Master’s Degrees & MBA Programs
• Executive Education
• Online Courses
• Swiss Professional Diplomas
• Culinary Certificates & Courses
• Fees & Scholarships
• Bachelor in Hospitality Admissions
• EHL Campus Lausanne
• EHL Campus (Singapore)
• EHL Campus Passugg
• Host an Event at EHL
• Contact our program advisors
• Join our Open Days
• Meet EHL Representatives Worldwide
• Chat with our students
• Why Study Hospitality?
• Careers in Hospitality
• Awards & Rankings
• EHL Network of Excellence
• Career Development Resources
• EHL Hospitality Business School
• Route de Berne 301 1000   Lausanne 25 Switzerland
• Accreditations & Memberships
• Privacy Policy
• Legal Terms

© 2024 EHL Holding SA, Switzerland. All rights reserved.

• 0 Shopping Cart

Case Study – The 2010 eruption of Eyjafjnallajokull

Cambridge iGCSE Geography > The Natural Environment > Earthquakes and Volcanoes > Case Study – The 2010 eruption of Eyjafjnallajokull

Case Study – The 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull

Background information.

Location: Eyjafjallajökull is located in southern Iceland.

Level of Development in Iceland: Iceland is a developed country with a strong economy. It has advanced infrastructure, healthcare, education, and a high standard of living.

Volcano Details: Eyjafjallajökull is a composite (stratovolcano) covered by an ice cap.  The name describes the volcano , with Eyja meaning island, fjalla meaning mountain, and jokull meaning glacier. You can find out how to pronounce Eyjafjallajokull on the BBC website .

Its eruption can cause significant ash plumes and glacial meltwater floods known as “jökulhlaups.”

What caused the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull?

Iceland is situated on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, a constructive plate boundary that divides the North American Plate from the Eurasian Plate. These two tectonic plates gradually drift apart because of the ridge push exerted along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. As they move away from each other, magma from beneath the Earth’s crust fills the magma chambers located below Eyjafjallajökull. The interconnection of several of these chambers has created a substantial reservoir of magma beneath the volcano. Eyjafjallajökull is positioned underneath a glacier, adding to its complex structure.

What were the primary effects of the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull?

• Ash Cloud: The eruption created a massive ash cloud that turned day to night. The ash drifted over Europe.
• Air Travel Disruption: Over 100,000 flights were cancelled, affecting around 10 million travellers.
• Local Flooding: Melting glaciers caused flooding in the nearby areas.
• Damage to Agriculture : Ash fall led to the loss of grazing areas and contaminated water supplies.
• Property and roads: Homes and roads were damaged.

What were the secondary effects of the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull?

• Economic Impact : The airline industry alone lost £130 million a day due to airspace closure, totalling an estimated $1.7 billion. The price of shares in major airlines dropped between 2.5-3.3% during the eruption. Other sectors, such as tourism and farming, were also significantly affected.
• Environmental Impact : Long-term effects on soil and water quality were observed. Local water supplies were contaminated with fluoride.
• Health Concerns: Respiratory issues were reported due to fine ash particles in the air.
• Impacts on Kenya: The impact was felt as far afield as Kenya, where farmers laid off 5000 workers after flowers and vegetables rotted at airports. Kenya’s flower council says the country lost $1.3m daily in lost shipments to Europe.

What were the immediate responses to the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull?

• Evacuation : Around 800 people were evacuated from the immediate vicinity.
• Airspace Closure: European airspace was closed for several days.
• Emergency Services: Immediate response from local authorities, firefighters, and rescue teams.

What were the long-term responses to the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull?

• Monitoring and Research: Improved monitoring systems and research into ash cloud movement.
• Economic Support: Financial assistance for affected farmers and businesses.
• Regulations: Improved regulations for air travel during volcanic ash events.
• Airspace: The European Union developed an integrated structure for air traffic management. As a result, nine Functional Airspace Blocks (FABs) will replace the existing 27 areas. This means following a volcanic eruption in the future, areas of air space may be closed, reducing the risk of closing all European air space.

What opportunities did the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull bring?

Despite the challenges brought about by the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull, several benefits emerged from the event. One of the positive impacts was the environmental saving; the grounding of European flights during the eruption prevented the release of approximately 2.8 million tonnes of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, as the Environmental Transport Association noted.

Additionally, the disruption in air travel led to a boon for other modes of transportation. Eurostar, for instance, experienced a significant increase in passenger numbers. The company recorded nearly a third rise in travel, accommodating 50,000 extra passengers on trains during this period.

Furthermore, the volcanic ash from Eyjafjallajökull deposited dissolved iron into the North Atlantic Ocean. This led to a plankton bloom, enhancing biological productivity in the region.

In response to the eruption’s negative publicity, the Icelandic government initiated a campaign to bolster tourism. The “Inspired by Iceland” initiative was launched with the specific goal of showcasing the nation’s scenic beauty, the warmth of its people, and the reassurance that Iceland was ready to welcome visitors. Consequently, the campaign had a positive effect, as evidenced by a substantial increase in tourist numbers, as depicted in the graph below.

Foreign visitor arrivals to Iceland

How does Iceland prepare for volcanic eruptions, and what was its impact?

Iceland has an effective monitoring system for its active volcanoes, with seismic stations and other instruments. There is close cooperation between meteorological, geological, and civil protection authorities. Public education and emergency planning are also vital to Iceland’s preparation strategy.

Iceland’s preparedness and rapid response, such as evacuating the area close to the volcano, mitigated the local impact of the eruption. However, the unprecedented disruption to air travel highlighted the need for better international coordination and understanding of volcanic ash’s effects on aviation.

The eruption of Eyjafjallajökull in 2010 is a crucial example of how a volcanic event can have local and global impacts. The incident underscored the importance of preparedness, monitoring, and international cooperation in minimizing the effects of such natural disasters. It also highlighted the interconnectedness of our modern world and how a geological event in one country can have far-reaching consequences.

Location and Eruption Details

Eyjafjallajökull erupted in 2010 in southern Iceland; it’s a stratovolcano covered by an ice cap. The eruption was caused by the North American Plate drifting from the Eurasian Plate along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, creating a magma reservoir beneath the volcano.

Primary Effects

The eruption led to a massive ash cloud, air travel disruption with over 100,000 flights cancelled, local flooding from melting glaciers, and damage to agriculture , homes, and roads.

Secondary Effects

Economic loss reached an estimated $1.7 billion in the airline industry, long-term environmental impacts, health concerns from ash particles, and far-reaching effects on other countries like Kenya.

Immediate Responses

Approximately 800 people were evacuated; European airspace was closed for several days; emergency services responded quickly.

Long-Term Responses and Opportunities

Improved monitoring, regulations, and economic support were implemented; benefits included reduced CO2 emissions, increased passenger numbers in trains like Eurostar, enhanced biological productivity in the North Atlantic, and a successful Icelandic tourism campaign.

Preparedness and Impact

Iceland’s effective monitoring, public education, and emergency planning mitigated the local impact but emphasized the need for international coordination and understanding of volcanic ash’s effects on aviation. The eruption illustrated the interconnectedness of modern society and the far-reaching consequences of geological events.

Check Your Knowledge

Coming soon

Test Yourself

The natural environment, share this:.

• Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window)
• Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window)
• Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window)
• Click to email a link to a friend (Opens in new window)
• Click to share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window)
• Click to print (Opens in new window)

Please Support Internet Geography

If you've found the resources on this site useful please consider making a secure donation via PayPal to support the development of the site. The site is self-funded and your support is really appreciated.

Search Internet Geography

Top posts and pages.

Latest Blog Entries

Pin It on Pinterest

• Click to share
• Print Friendly

eVTOLs beware: why some of aviation’s biggest promises ended in failure 

Emirates entices pilots with improved benefits, higher salaries and better perks

Russia may be developing space-based nuclear weapon, warns US official

Whistleblower who accused Boeing supplier of ignoring 737 Max defects has died

• ZeroAvia hydrogen-powered aircraft
• zero-emissions
• Zero emission
• Yeti Airlines
• Aviation Safety
• Civil Aviation

Is the aviation industry prepared for Iceland’s potential volcanic eruption?

Recently, Iceland has been experiencing increased seismic activity, with hundreds of small earthquakes affecting the Reykjanes Peninsula region, located close to the Icelandic capital and Keflavik International Airport ( KEF ). 

This increased seismic activity has been caused by the Fagradalsfjall volcano, which has been exhibiting signs of instability, prompting Iceland’s Met Office to declare an eruption to be almost certain. 

On November 11, 2023, the Icelandic authorities declared a state of emergency in response to the situation.  

Approximately 4,000 people were evacuated from a town near the volcano as a precaution. Iceland’s aviation alert has also been raised to orange, indicating an increased risk of a volcanic eruption. 

Despite the proximity to the potential eruption site, Keflavik International Airport currently remains operational, with flights arriving and departing as scheduled. 

Video showcases #DisasterManagement #Excellence in #Iceland capturing the #Hustle during evacuation in #Grindavik amidst #IcelandVolcano and #IcelandEarthquakes #earthquake #Volcano #Iceland pic.twitter.com/6b2h04WB5c — Arun Gangwar (@AG_Journalist) November 15, 2023

The Eyjafjallajokull eruption of 2010: a catastrophe for global air travel 

This situation may stir memories of the major eruption on April 14, 2010, when an eruption of the Eyjafjallajokull volcano severely disrupted all air travel, sending a black ash plume that reached 9 kilometers into the atmosphere.

Over a six-day period, more than 100,000 flights were canceled, affecting approximately 10 million passengers globally.

As a result, the airline industry suffered significant financial losses, estimated to be around $1.7 billion. The broader economic impact was also significant, causing disruption to tourism, freight transportation and international trade.

The event prompted a global reassessment of preparedness strategies for natural disasters.

Aviation industry revamps safety protocols 

In response to the 2010 Eyjafjallajokull eruption, the aviation industry, together with international regulatory bodies, instituted a range of new guidelines and protocols to enhance safety and efficiency in dealing with volcanic events. 

• The use of more advanced satellite systems, such as the Volcanic Ash Advisory Centers (VAACs), was intensified. For example, the London VAAC, one of nine global centers, expanded its use of satellite data and computer modeling to provide more accurate and timely information about ash cloud movements. 
• The International Civil Aviation Organization ( ICAO ) introduced a new approach to airspace management following the eruption. Instead of widespread airspace closures, a concept of ‘ash concentration thresholds’ was developed. This allowed for the categorization of airspace based on varying levels of ash density, enabling some flights to continue in lower-risk areas. 
• Aircraft and engine manufacturers such as Boeing and Rolls-Royce conducted extensive research to understand the effects of ash on engines. Based on these studies, they revised their operational guidelines, establishing new thresholds for ash ingestion that are considered safe for jet engines. 
• Certain airlines and airports developed more robust contingency plans, amongst them British Airways, Heathrow (LHR), Lufthansa, Frankfurt Airport (FRA), Air France, Charles de Gaulle Airport (CDG), KLM, Amsterdam Schiphol Airport (AMS), Delta Air Lines, Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport (ATL), Singapore Airlines and Changi Airport (SIN). These plans included strategies for rerouting flights, accommodating stranded passengers and managing extensive delays or cancellations. 
• Airlines updated their training programs to prepare pilots for flying in volcanic conditions. Simulators were programmed with scenarios that can replicate the experience of flying through ash clouds, providing pilots with practical experience in handling such situations. 

Contrasting volcanic hazards for air travel 

Overall, as a result of the 2010 eruption, the improved preparedness and response capabilities of the aviation industry have made air travel safer in the face of volcanic activity. These precautions not only protect aircraft and passengers but also reduce the economic and logistical effects of volcanic eruptions on global air travel. 

Eyjafjallajokull, a stratovolcano, is known for explosive eruptions. Its ice cap covers an area of about 100 square kilometers (39 square miles), and the interaction of hot magma with glacial ice adds to its explosivity yet further.  

In contrast, Fagradalsfjall is part of a system of shield volcanoes, typically associated with less explosive, effusive eruptions that produce lava flows rather than extensive ash clouds.  

While Eyjafjallajokull’s eruption poses a broader danger due to potential ash dispersion affecting air travel, Fagradalsfjall’s impact might be more localized. Nevertheless, it could still be significant, particularly if lava flows affect nearby communities or critical infrastructure such as Keflavik International Airport, located approximately 25 kilometers (about 15.5 miles) from the Fagradalsfjall.  

As such, though Fagradalsfjall’s eruption could impact local areas and air travel in Iceland, it is unlikely to have extensive global implications on the same scale as the 2010 Eyjafjallajokull eruption. 

Iceland’s volcano awakening: air travel implications – 2010 all over again?

Sign up for our newsletters, related posts.

• This is interesting!

Slide that fell off B767 found outside home of lawyer suing Boeing

Kenya Airways suspends flights to Kinshasa after staff detained by military

Finnair suspends flights to Tartu due to GPS jamming

Emergency slide falls from Delta Air Lines Boeing 767 aircraft after takeoff

Stay updated on aviation and aerospace - subscribe to our newsletter!

Volcanic eruption in Iceland

The eruption of the Eyjafjallajokull volcano has forced hundreds of people nearby to evacuate while the massive ash cloud has disrupted air traffic across Europe.

Eyjafjallajokull Eruption and Air Travel Disruption

For the first time ever, all United Kingdom airspace is currently closed due to ash from the Eyjafjallajokull Eruption in Iceland, a situation replicated in several other Northern European countries.

At the European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2010, session NH2.2 Passive satellite techniques and ground-based potential field investigations of volcanic activity contains several presentations related to ash.

NASA’s Earth Observatory has MODIS imagery, with a clear explanation at their Image of the Day website .

A comprehensive set of links about the Eyjafjallajokull Eruption can be found at Michel’s Islande 2010 blog (the blog is in French but the link descriptions are in English and French).

*These are not EGU sanctioned blogs, rather a resource helping readers know what is out there.

By Jennifer Holden

Uruguay March 17, 2011, 4:19 am

Thank you for the clear-headed article. My brother and I were preparing to do some examination about that. We got a nice book on that matter from our local library and many books were not as influensive as your site. I am pleased to detect such information that I was searching for a long while. 🙂

Daniel Collins April 18, 2010, 10:25 am

Have there been any discussions about how this may affect EGU attendance? It would certainly pose problems for people outside Europe (like me), but even inside as buses and trains are picking up the burden of internal flights.

egu2010 April 18, 2010, 4:03 pm

There’s a message from the EGU General Assembly 2010 Programme Chair on the blog (posted 18 April) and an email will be going out early in the week.

Leave a Reply Cancel Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

You may use these HTML tags and attributes: <a href="" title=""> <abbr title=""> <acronym title=""> <b> <blockquote cite=""> <cite> <code> <del datetime=""> <em> <i> <q cite=""> <s> <strike> <strong>

• Today's news
• Reviews and deals
• Climate change
• 2024 election
• Fall allergies
• Health news
• Mental health
• Sexual health
• Family health
• So mini ways
• Unapologetically
• Buying guides

Entertainment

• How to Watch
• My watchlist
• Stock market
• Biden economy
• Personal finance
• Stocks: most active
• Stocks: gainers
• Stocks: losers
• Trending tickers
• World indices
• US Treasury bonds
• Top mutual funds
• Highest open interest
• Highest implied volatility
• Currency converter
• Basic materials
• Communication services
• Consumer cyclical
• Consumer defensive
• Financial services
• Industrials
• Real estate
• Mutual funds
• Credit cards
• Balance transfer cards
• Cash back cards
• Rewards cards
• Travel cards
• Online checking
• High-yield savings
• Money market
• Home equity loan
• Personal loans
• Student loans
• Options pit
• Fantasy football
• Pro Pick 'Em
• College Pick 'Em
• Fantasy baseball
• Fantasy hockey
• Fantasy basketball
• Download the app
• Daily fantasy
• Scores and schedules
• GameChannel
• World Baseball Classic
• Premier League
• CONCACAF League
• Champions League
• Motorsports
• Horse racing
• Newsletters

New on Yahoo

• Privacy Dashboard

Iceland volcano 2024: Is it safe to travel and is the eruption affecting flights?

A volcano in Iceland has erupted for the fourth time in three months, with this being the most powerful so far.

The eruption began just before 8.30pm local time on Saturday and it is ongoing, but scientists say it is likely to be petering out.

Hundreds of visitors were evacuated from the Blue Lagoon thermal spa, one of Iceland’s top tourist attractions, when the eruption began, national broadcaster RUV said.

The eruption site is a few kilometres northeast of Grindavik, a coastal town of 3,800 people about 50 kilometres southwest of Iceland’s capital, Reykjavik. Residents of Grindavik were told to leave their homes.

Despite lying just 20 km north of the eruption site, Keflavik International Airport - Iceland's main international airport - remains open and flights are still arriving and departing. The roads around Grindavik are closed, however.

If you are planning on travelling to or from the affected area, here are the full details on advice from European governments and airlines.

How long will Iceland's volcano eruption last?

Iceland’s Meteorological Office says the eruption opened a fissure in the earth about 3 kilometres long between the mountains of Stóra-Skógfell and Hagafell.

The Met Office said Sunday that lava was flowing south and southeast at about 1 kilometre an hour, and might reach the ocean. Defensive barriers have been built to stop it inundating the main road along the peninsula’s southern coast. These are so far holding.

The Grindavik community was previously evacuated in November following a series of earthquakes that opened large cracks in the earth between the town and Sýlingarfell, a small mountain to the north.

Before the recent eruptions, the Svartsengi volcanic system north of Grindavik had been dormant for around 780 years. The volcano is just a few kilometres west of Fagradalsfjall, which was dormant for 6,000 years before flaring to life in March 2021.

Iceland's volcano eruption 'is not a tourist attraction'

Icelandic authorities declared a state of emergency in November after hundreds of small earthquakes shook the Reykjanes Peninsula - the island nation’s most populated region.

“This is not a tourist attraction and you must watch it from a great distance," Vidir Reynisson, head of Iceland’s Civil Protection and Emergency Management, told national broadcaster RUV.

Yet the spectacular natural phenomenon is hard for people to resist. “It’s just [like] something from a movie!” said Robert Donald Forrester III, a tourist from the United States.

For local residents, the emotions are mixed. “The town involved might end up under the lava,” said Ael Kermarec, a French tour guide living in Iceland. "It’s amazing to see but, there's kind of a bittersweet feeling at the moment.”

Watch: hissing fissures and gaping cracks in abandoned town over fears volcano could erupt

Lava hotlines and captivating infernos: Inside the volatile world of volcano tourism in Iceland

Have flights to Iceland been cancelled?

Despite concerns over the impact the  eruption will have on travel, nearby Keflavik Airport remains operational. Icelandic airport operator ISAVIA advises passengers to monitor flight information here .

Volcanic eruptions can pose a serious hazard to air travel as ash released into the atmosphere can cause jet engines to fail, damage flight control systems and reduce visibility.

However, Saturday’s eruption on the Reykjanes Peninsula isn’t expected to release large amounts of ash into the air.

A major eruption in Iceland in April 2010 caused widespread disruption to air travel between Europe and North America. The quarter of a billion cubic metres of volcanic ash it ejected into the air led to more than 100,000 flights being cancelled over an eight-day period.

Though there had been fears of a repeat, Eyjafjallajokull volcano erupted under circumstances that contributed to the immense size of its ash cloud. A glacier on top of it caused meltwater to rapidly cool the lava, creating tiny particles which were launched into the air by the steam produced in the eruption. These were then carried on the wind towards Europe.

In the past three years, three eruptions have taken place on the Reykjanes Peninsula with no impact on air travel.

The European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) is also better prepared for a major volcanic ash event.

"In the event of an eruption and development of an ash cloud, the agency will work with other aviation actors to assess the impact for aviation and make recommendations accordingly," a statement on the EASA's website from November reads.

Switzerland on a budget? Yes, it is possible - here’s how

‘Go f*cking home’: The European cities where locals are fighting back against overtourism

Is it safe to travel to Iceland?

Various European foreign offices have advised travellers to stay away from Grindavik and respect local restrictions. They direct travellers to the Icelandic Met Office and Safe Travel Iceland for the latest advice.

The UK's Foreign Office said in updated travel advice for Iceland:

"Iceland is volcanic and seismically active. Recently there have been a series of volcanic eruptions on the Reykjanes peninsula in south-west Iceland, the latest occurring on 16 March.

Keflavik International Airport and the road to it is unaffected and operating normally.

The capital city, Reykjavik, and the rest of Iceland is not impacted by the eruptions. The likelihood of further eruptions in this location remains high."

They have said that the eruption area is closed until further notice and urge people to respect the closure. However, they have not advised against travel to the country altogether.

Visitors are advised to stay away from the area surrounding the eruption, and to follow the directions and guidance of the local authorities.

Countries have not issued a ‘no-go’ travel warning for Iceland meaning that airlines and holiday companies are operating as normal and travellers who cancel their bookings have no automatic right to a refund.

During a previous eruption Jonathan Frankham, general manager of travel insurance company World Nomads, said: “For those concerned about travel insurance coverage, and whether cancelling a trip is best, we’d advise travellers to exercise common sense and travel wisely," says

"It’s important to note that policies purchased after the earthquakes and consequential volcanic eruption became a 'known event' are unlikely to be covered, but we recommend checking your policy wording for exact details."

He advised tourists to contact their airline or travel provider for assistance and the latest information.

Iceland's Blue Lagoon spa closes temporarily as earthquakes put area on alert for volcanic eruption

Is the Blue Lagoon open?

The Blue Lagoon geothermal spa - one of Iceland’s biggest tourist attractions - was evacuated on Saturday when the volcanic eruption began.

The spa is still closed and will remain so tomorrow (Tuesday), according to the official website .

"Due to a volcanic eruption that commenced at Sundhnúkagígar on March 16, we have evacuated and temporarily closed all our operational units.

Despite these recent events, all our facilities remain in good condition and are surrounded by protective barriers designed to safeguard Blue Lagoon's vital infrastructure against potential lava flows.

We will continue to closely follow the guidelines and recommendations of the authorities, working collaboratively with them to monitor the progression of events."

Blue Lagoon management said that all customers with bookings would be contacted, and anyone wishing to change or cancel their booking could do so on the website.

Recommended Stories

The exomod ascent blue angel is a 1,000-horsepower monster.

Exomod's latest carbon creation stretches a 1968 Charger shell over a modern Hellcat Jailbreak with Hennessey power under the hood.

I'm an interior designer, and these are my top picks from Wayfair's Way Day sale — prices start at just $35

Now's your chance to get that stunning room-changing piece and save big!

Shoppers say these headphones rival Beats — and Amazon's got 'em on sale for $20

Take it from over 57,000 five-star reviewers — these rock.

Berkshire Hathaway annual shareholders meeting: Warren Buffett takes stage without Charlie Munger for first time

Warren Buffett will take hours of questions from shareholders on Saturday without his right-hand man, Charlie Munger, for the first time in decades.

Up to 74% off on grills, griddles, BBQs, pizza ovens, air fryers, and cooking essentials for Way Day 2024

Over 30 Wayfair deals on grills, griddles, air fryers, pizza ovens, and more outdoor cooking essentials from May 4 to 6.

Going on a plane? Spare yourself from screaming kids with the earplugs Courteney Cox swears by - just over $3 a pop

The actress said she 'can't sleep without' them and that they 'completely block out sound.'

These 'amazing' brushes give a deep clean to the nooks and crannies of your home for only $3 a pop

Evict the grit with these simple yet great brushes.

The cute spring top shoppers say ‘covers lots of body flaws’ is just $21 — that's 45% off

This flouncy blouse has more than 1,300 shoppers feeling a little more stylish this season.

Giada De Laurentiis 'can't live without' this sturdy $13 silicone spatula, and as a pro baker, I approve

This essential is strong enough to tackle thick doughs yet flexible enough to get into the corners of your mixing bowl.

This flattering vacation-ready midi skirt ‘packs light’ — and it’s on sale for just $20

Swoosh into the room, on a plane or at the beach: This is the wear-everywhere skirt for spring and summer.

Way Day 2024: 45 best Wayfair deals on home, patio, grill and garage essentials

The big Wayfair sale, Way Day, is finally here. Save up to 73% off on things like patio furniture, garage storage, and more.

Mortgage rates today, May 4, 2024: 30-year rates over 7% for 3rd straight week

These are today's mortgage rates. Rates won't drop anytime soon, so you may not want to wait for lower rates if you're ready to buy now. Lock in your rate today.

Apple keeps spending less to make more: Chart of the Week

Apple may be having issues keeping its revenue growth up, but its growing services business has turbocharged its margins, which continue to increase significantly overall.

Wayfair Way Day 2024 starts now — save up to 80% on editor-approved deals for every room of your home

We found a fan-favorite cooling pillow for just $20, a Shark air purifier for $200 off and a queen mattress for a low $150!

The best Wayfair Way Day deals, according to a home product tester — up to 80% off mattresses, vacuums and more

I'm eyeing a cooling queen mattress for $150, a KitchenAid stand mixer for $240 and a Hoover vac marked down by $100, to name a few.

These Wayfair Way Day kitchen deals are pro baker-approved: Save up to 75% on knife sets, cookware and more

I spotted a Staub 4-piece baker set for a low $50, a KitchenAid 12-piece knife block set for only $53 and so much more.

Padres reportedly closing in on trade to acquire 2-time batting champ Luis Arráez from Marlins

The Marlins will reportedly receive RHP Woo-Suk Go, 1B Nathan Martorella, OF Dillon Head and OF Jakob Marsee in return for the second baseman.

Caitlin Clark catches fire from 3 in WNBA preseason debut; Arike Ogunbowale's late heroics send Wings past Fever

Caitlin Clark’s WNBA preseason debut went much like her senior year at Iowa. She hit a bunch of 3s and did so in front of a sold-out crowd.

How Pope Francis was gifted a Mark Pope Kentucky basketball jersey

Thanks to Lexington Catholic priest, Kentucky men's basketball may have a new high-profile fan.

Southeast Texas flooding: photos capture water rescues of people and pets and severe damage to homes

Southeast Texas has been hit with heavy rains and rising rivers, leading to school closings, high-water rescues and mandatory evacuation orders in some areas. Here's a look at the situation unfolding in the region through photos.

Air Show Report : MAKS 2005 Moscow International Aviation & Space Salon

Report and photos by Andrew Philpott ( view portfolio )

Home | Aircraft | Air Forces | Air Shows | Specials | Wallpapers | News | Quiz | Forum

Contact | About | FAQ | Updates | RSS Feeds | Links | Search

Copyright © 2002-2024 Niels Hillebrand . All Rights Reserved | Privacy & Cookie Policy | Terms of Service

• Bahasa Indonesia
• Eastern Europe
• Moscow Oblast

Elektrostal

Elektrostal Localisation : Country Russia , Oblast Moscow Oblast . Available Information : Geographical coordinates , Population, Area, Altitude, Weather and Hotel . Nearby cities and villages : Noginsk , Pavlovsky Posad and Staraya Kupavna .

Information

Find all the information of Elektrostal or click on the section of your choice in the left menu.

• Update data

Elektrostal Demography

Information on the people and the population of Elektrostal.

Elektrostal Geography

Geographic Information regarding City of Elektrostal .

Elektrostal Distance

Distance (in kilometers) between Elektrostal and the biggest cities of Russia.

Elektrostal Map

Locate simply the city of Elektrostal through the card, map and satellite image of the city.

Elektrostal Nearby cities and villages

Elektrostal weather.

Weather forecast for the next coming days and current time of Elektrostal.

Elektrostal Sunrise and sunset

Find below the times of sunrise and sunset calculated 7 days to Elektrostal.

Elektrostal Hotel

Our team has selected for you a list of hotel in Elektrostal classified by value for money. Book your hotel room at the best price.

Elektrostal Nearby

Below is a list of activities and point of interest in Elektrostal and its surroundings.

Elektrostal Page

• Information /Russian-Federation--Moscow-Oblast--Elektrostal#info
• Demography /Russian-Federation--Moscow-Oblast--Elektrostal#demo
• Geography /Russian-Federation--Moscow-Oblast--Elektrostal#geo
• Distance /Russian-Federation--Moscow-Oblast--Elektrostal#dist1
• Map /Russian-Federation--Moscow-Oblast--Elektrostal#map
• Nearby cities and villages /Russian-Federation--Moscow-Oblast--Elektrostal#dist2
• Weather /Russian-Federation--Moscow-Oblast--Elektrostal#weather
• Sunrise and sunset /Russian-Federation--Moscow-Oblast--Elektrostal#sun
• Hotel /Russian-Federation--Moscow-Oblast--Elektrostal#hotel
• Nearby /Russian-Federation--Moscow-Oblast--Elektrostal#around
• Page /Russian-Federation--Moscow-Oblast--Elektrostal#page
• Terms of Use
• Copyright © 2024 DB-City - All rights reserved
• Change Ad Consent Do not sell my data

• Election 2024
• Entertainment
• Newsletters
• Photography
• Personal Finance
• AP Investigations
• AP Buyline Personal Finance
• AP Buyline Shopping
• Press Releases
• Israel-Hamas War
• Russia-Ukraine War
• Global elections
• Asia Pacific
• Latin America
• Middle East
• Election Results
• Delegate Tracker
• AP & Elections
• Auto Racing
• 2024 Paris Olympic Games
• Movie reviews
• Book reviews
• Personal finance
• Financial Markets
• Business Highlights
• Financial wellness
• Artificial Intelligence
• Social Media

French air traffic controllers cancel a strike but Paris flights are still disrupted

FILE - The air traffic control tower of Charles de Gaulle airport is pictured in Roissy-en-France, north of Paris, Tuesday, April 23, 2024 in Paris. Air passengers traveling to and from Paris experienced significant disruptions on Thursday, despite a canceled strike by air traffic controllers after last-minute negotiations. Although the strike was averted, the prior adjustments made in anticipation caused a substantial reduction in flight operations. (AP Photo/Thibault Camus, File)

• Copy Link copied

PARIS (AP) — Air passengers traveling to and from Paris experienced significant disruptions Thursday, despite a decision by air traffic controllers to cancel a strike after last-minute negotiations. Flight operations were substantially reduced because of adjustments made to schedules ahead of the proposed industrial action.

French civil aviation authorities had preemptively requested airlines to cut their flights significantly — by 75% at Paris-Orly, 55% at Charles-de-Gaulle, and 65% at Marseille-Provence, with varying reductions across other French airports. As a result, operations were severely limited, also affecting international flights that cross French airspace.

While the flights that did operate faced only moderate delays, significant cancellations and scheduling adjustments led to continued travel difficulties for thousands of passengers. The fallout was particularly noticeable at major airports like Paris-Orly, where delays compounded the day’s challenges.

km travel chesterfield 2024 brochure prices

This is our KM Travel Tour Operators page, we have listed the full address of KM Travel as well as phone numbers and websites. KM Travel is in Chesterfield, KM Travel may offer holiday tours, sightseeing tours, and general city tours in Chesterfield.

If you have used KM Travel before be sure to leave your own comment or rating on the city tour or holiday tour that you went on so other poeple wishing to use this company can read fair and honest reviews before the book there holiday with KM Travel. Please remember that KM Travel may offer much more that just UK holiday tours, UK Coach Tours and city tours so remember to contact the travel agents company using the details below to find out more information.

Latest KM Travel Reviews

• Transportation (Chesterfield)
• KM Travel Chesterfield

Chesterfield, United Kingdom

Related places.

• Get directions
• Photos page

QR code, vCard

Activate map

Business hours

Reviews of km travel chesterfield.

• Things to Do
• Restaurants
• Holiday Rentals
• Travel Stories
• Add a Place
• Travel Forum
• Travellers' Choice
• Help Centre

Lovely holiday - KM British & European Coach Holiday

• Europe    
• United Kingdom (UK)    
• England    
• Yorkshire    
• South Yorkshire    
• Barnsley    
• Barnsley - Things to Do    
• KM British & European Coach Holiday

Brilliant holiday to Torquay, tinsel & turkey 20 th November to Belgrave Sands hotel. The hotel was... read more

Thanks to all at KM TRAVEL especially our driver courier Matt who made the trip more enjoyable and... read more

Trains Moscow to Elektrostal: Times, Prices and Tickets

• Train Times
• Seasonality
• Accommodations

Moscow to Elektrostal by train

The journey from Moscow to Elektrostal by train is 32.44 mi and takes 2 hr 7 min. There are 71 connections per day, with the first departure at 12:15 AM and the last at 11:46 PM. It is possible to travel from Moscow to Elektrostal by train for as little as or as much as . The best price for this journey is .

Get from Moscow to Elektrostal with Virail

Virail's search tool will provide you with the options you need when you want to go from Moscow to Elektrostal. All you need to do is enter the dates of your planned journey, and let us take care of everything else. Our engine does the hard work, searching through thousands of routes offered by our trusted travel partners to show you options for traveling by train, bus, plane, or carpool. You can filter the results to suit your needs. There are a number of filtering options, including price, one-way or round trip, departure or arrival time, duration of journey, or number of connections. Soon you'll find the best choice for your journey. When you're ready, Virail will transfer you to the provider's website to complete the booking. No matter where you're going, get there with Virail.

How can I find the cheapest train tickets to get from Moscow to Elektrostal?

Prices will vary when you travel from Moscow to Elektrostal. On average, though, you'll pay about for a train ticket. You can find train tickets for prices as low as , but it may require some flexibility with your travel plans. If you're looking for a low price, you may need to prepare to spend more time in transit. You can also often find cheaper train tickets at particular times of day, or on certain days of the week. Of course, ticket prices often change during the year, too; expect to pay more in peak season. For the lowest prices, it's usually best to make your reservation in advance. Be careful, though, as many providers do not offer refunds or exchanges on their cheapest train tickets. Unfortunately, no price was found for your trip from Moscow to Elektrostal. Selecting a new departure or arrival city, without dramatically changing your itinerary could help you find price results. Prices will vary when you travel from Moscow to Elektrostal. On average, though, you'll pay about for a train ticket. If you're looking for a low price, you may need to prepare to spend more time in transit. You can also often find cheaper train tickets at particular times of day, or on certain days of the week. Of course, ticket prices often change during the year, too; expect to pay more in peak season. For the lowest prices, it's usually best to make your reservation in advance. Be careful, though, as many providers do not offer refunds or exchanges on their cheapest train tickets.

How long does it take to get from Moscow to Elektrostal by train?

The journey between Moscow and Elektrostal by train is approximately 32.44 mi. It will take you more or less 2 hr 7 min to complete this journey. This average figure does not take into account any delays that might arise on your route in exceptional circumstances. If you are planning to make a connection or operating on a tight schedule, give yourself plenty of time. The distance between Moscow and Elektrostal is around 32.44 mi. Depending on the exact route and provider you travel with, your journey time can vary. On average, this journey will take approximately 2 hr 7 min. However, the fastest routes between Moscow and Elektrostal take 1 hr 3 min. If a fast journey is a priority for you when traveling, look out for express services that may get you there faster. Some flexibility may be necessary when booking. Often, these services only leave at particular times of day - or even on certain days of the week. You may also find a faster journey by taking an indirect route and connecting in another station along the way.

How many journeys from Moscow to Elektrostal are there every day?

On average, there are 71 daily departures from Moscow to Elektrostal. However, there may be more or less on different days. Providers' timetables can change on certain days of the week or public holidays, and many also vary at particular times of year. Some providers change their schedules during the summer season, for example. At very busy times, there may be up to departures each day. The providers that travel along this route include , and each operates according to their own specific schedules. As a traveler, you may prefer a direct journey, or you may not mind making changes and connections. If you have heavy suitcases, a direct journey could be best; otherwise, you might be able to save money and enjoy more flexibility by making a change along the way. Every day, there are an average of 18 departures from Moscow which travel directly to Elektrostal. There are 53 journeys with one change or more. Unfortunately, no connection was found for your trip from Moscow to Elektrostal. Selecting a new departure or arrival city, without dramatically changing your itinerary could help you find connections.

Book in advance and save

If you're looking for the best deal for your trip from Moscow to Elektrostal, booking train tickets in advance is a great way to save money, but keep in mind that advance tickets are usually not available until 3 months before your travel date.

Stay flexible with your travel time and explore off-peak journeys

Planning your trips around off-peak travel times not only means that you'll be able to avoid the crowds, but can also end up saving you money. Being flexible with your schedule and considering alternative routes or times will significantly impact the amount of money you spend on getting from Moscow to Elektrostal.

Always check special offers

Checking on the latest deals can help save a lot of money, making it worth taking the time to browse and compare prices. So make sure you get the best deal on your ticket and take advantage of special fares for children, youth and seniors as well as discounts for groups.

Unlock the potential of slower trains or connecting trains

If you're planning a trip with some flexible time, why not opt for the scenic route? Taking slower trains or connecting trains that make more stops may save you money on your ticket – definitely worth considering if it fits in your schedule.

Best time to book cheap train tickets from Moscow to Elektrostal

The cheapest Moscow - Elektrostal train tickets can be found for as low as $35.01 if you’re lucky, or $54.00 on average. The most expensive ticket can cost as much as $77.49.

Find the best day to travel to Elektrostal by train

When travelling to Elektrostal by train, if you want to avoid crowds you can check how frequently our customers are travelling in the next 30-days using the graph below. On average, the peak hours to travel are between 6:30am and 9am in the morning, or between 4pm and 7pm in the evening. Please keep this in mind when travelling to your point of departure as you may need some extra time to arrive, particularly in big cities!

Moscow to Elektrostal CO2 Emissions by Train

Anything we can improve?

Frequently Asked Questions

Go local from moscow, trending routes, weekend getaways from moscow, international routes from moscow and nearby areas, other destinations from moscow, other popular routes.

Na Ulitse Yalagina 13B Apartments

Trending Questions

Property policies, frequently asked questions, how much does it cost to stay at na ulitse yalagina 13b apartments, what are the check-in and check-out times at na ulitse yalagina 13b apartments, does na ulitse yalagina 13b apartments provide airport transfer services, what amenities and services does na ulitse yalagina 13b apartments have, does na ulitse yalagina 13b apartments have a swimming pool, does na ulitse yalagina 13b apartments have fitness amenities, does na ulitse yalagina 13b apartments provide wi-fi, does na ulitse yalagina 13b apartments have non-smoking rooms, does na ulitse yalagina 13b apartments have a restaurant, is parking available at na ulitse yalagina 13b apartments, popular hotels, popular attractions, explore more.

Expedia Rewards is now One Key™

Elektrostal, visit elektrostal, check elektrostal hotel availability, popular places to visit.

• Electrostal History and Art Museum

You can spend time exploring the galleries in Electrostal History and Art Museum in Elektrostal. Take in the museums while you're in the area.

• Cities near Elektrostal

• Places of interest
• Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center
• Peter the Great Military Academy
• Central Museum of the Air Forces at Monino
• History of Russian Scarfs and Shawls Museum
• Balashikha Arena
• Balashikha Museum of History and Local Lore
• Bykovo Manor
• Pekhorka Park
• Ramenskii History and Art Museum
• Malenky Puppet Theater
• Drama Theatre BOOM
• Likino Dulevo Museum of Local Lore
• Noginsk Museum and Exhibition Center
• Pavlovsky Posad Museum of Art and History
• Saturn Stadium
• Fairy Tale Children's Model Puppet Theater
• Fifth House Gallery
• Church of Vladimir
• Malakhovka Museum of History and Culture
• Orekhovo Zuevsky City Exhibition Hall

Destinations in May

Destinations in 2024.

Please note prices are based on two persons sharing a twin/double room. Single room supplements may apply, please call check single availability/price.

Comments are closed.

• Destinations
• Hotel Information
• Private hire
• Special offers / Late availability
• Travel Insurance
• Employment Opportunities

NEW CHRISTMAS TOUR 2024 - Bournemouth - Norfolk Royale Hotel - BROCHURE ADDITION . 2024 EUROPEAN HOLIDAYS - Early release - ITALY - Lake Garda / Alassio Click here to download our 2024 Brochure All Our Holidays Include In The Price: Free Door to Door Taxi ( Subject to Area ) ~ Luxury Coach Travel ~ Reserved Coach Seats . Personally Selected ...

www.kmchesterfield.co.uk

KM Travel of Barnsley, South Yorkshire. Request a brochure by: Calling: 01226 245564 email: [email protected] . download: click here to download the 2024 Tour Brochure.

KM Travel is in Chesterfield, KM Travel may offer holiday tours, sightseeing tours, and general city tours in Chesterfield. If you have used KM Travel before be sure to leave your own comment or rating on the city tour or holiday tour that you went on so other poeple wishing to use this company can read fair and honest reviews before the book ...

What people are saying. " HOLIDAY TO BLACKPOOL ". Oct 2023. Thanks to all at KM TRAVEL especially our driver courier Matt who made the trip more enjoyable and a credit to the co... " Lovely place enjoyed it clean need a bit of investment there ". Aug 2022. Stayed at ilfracombe Devon 14 to 20 Aug the coach was lovely our driver Tony was ...

Reviews, contact details and business hours of KM Travel Chesterfield at 27 Stephenson Place, Chesterfield, Derbyshire. Check out nearby places on a map. Write a review. Log in. ... 21:03 Tuesday, 23 April 2024: Business hours. Monday: 9:00 am - 4:30 pm: Tuesday: 9:00 am - 4:30 pm: Wednesday: 9:00 am - 4:30 pm: Thursday: 9:00 am - 4:30 ...

KM Travel of Barnsley, South Yorkshire. Tel: (01226) 245564 [email protected] . Home. Booking Guide Request Brochure Customer Information Contact Us. ... Our 2024 British Coach Holiday Brochure is now available to download and available shortly from our Market Street office in paper form.

5. £339. Nil. Please note prices are based on two persons sharing a twin/double room. Single room supplements may apply, please call check single availability/price. Price Includes: * Luxury Coach Travel * Local Departure Points. * En-suite bedrooms * Excursions. * Half Board Accommodation.

Page List. (Click on the page required to be linked with that page in the brochure) Page 1 - Front cover. Page 2 - Introduction. Page 3 - Contact information. Customer information. Page 4 - How to make a booking. Holiday index January to June. Page 5 - Holiday index June to December.

Our 2024 UK Brochure is OUT NOW! Order yours today. 01246 474747 Opening Times Brochures . Menu (current) Home Holidays Day Trips ... A-Line Travel 15 Soresby Street Chesterfield S40 1JW 01246 474747 [email protected] . A-Line Travel, Company number 13060548

Lovely holiday. Review of KM British & European Coach Holiday. Reviewed 9 December 2023. Just back from a T&T break at Exmouth. The hotel and food were brilliant, and the driver James was the best. However we had a bad start after waiting nearly one and a half hours in cold and rain at Ilkeston for the coach. I know there was traffic problems ...

Geeveetravelchesterfield, Chesterfield. 1,657 likes · 24 talking about this · 29 were here. DOOR TO DOOR COACH HOLIDAYS DAY TRIPS AND PRIVATE HIRE

Thankyou received our brochure in the post , I see you have new for 2024 Kynren weekend , we went last year and its the most amazing show I've seen well worth going recommended to everybody. 22w. Robert Lindley. Can I have a brochure please 9 monsal crescent Barnsley S71 3PY. 15w.

KM Travel of Barnsley, South Yorkshire. Tel: (01226) 245564 [email protected] . Home. Booking Guide Request Brochure Customer Information Contact Us. Skip to content. Request a brochure by: Calling: 01226 245564 . email: [email protected] download: ... Please note prices are based on two persons sharing a twin/double room ...

Central Air Force Museum The Central Air Force Museum, housed at Monino Airfield, 40 km east of Moscow, Russia, is one of the world's largest aviation museums, and the largest for Russian aircraft. 173 aircraft and 127 aircraft engines are on display, and the museum also features collections of weapons, instruments, uniforms (including captured U2 pilot Gary Powers' uniform), other Cold War ...

The journey from Moscow to Elektrostal by train is 32.44 mi and takes 2 hr 7 min. There are 71 connections per day, with the first departure at 12:15 AM and the last at 11:46 PM. It is possible to travel from Moscow to Elektrostal by train for as little as or as much as . The best price for this journey is . Journey Duration.

KM Travel of Barnsley, South Yorkshire. Tel: (01226) 245564 [email protected] . ... we guarantee excellent customer service and affordable prices. ... Winter/Spring 2024. Blackpool 2024 Potters Resorts 2024. Our booking office is located at: 52, ...

2022 Brochure . Page List ... All Our Holidays Include In The Price: Free Door to Door Taxi ( Subject to Area ) ~ Luxury Coach Travel ~ Reserved Coach Seats . Personally Selected Hotels ~ En-suite Bedrooms ~ Free Varied Excursions . Telephone: 01246 -556617 ...

Prices at Na Ulitse Yalagina 13B Apartments are subject to change according to dates, hotel policy, and other factors. To view prices, please search for the dates you wish to stay at the hotel. What are the check-in and check-out times at Na Ulitse Yalagina 13B Apartments? The check-in time is after 14:00 and the check-out time is before 12:00.

Cities near Elektrostal. Places of interest. Pavlovskiy Posad Noginsk. Travel guide resource for your visit to Elektrostal. Discover the best of Elektrostal so you can plan your trip right.

• Air company SCAT
• Astana - Moscow (Vnukovo)

3-Day Mangystau Group Tour

Experience a comprehensive three-day tour that unveils the vast natural wonders of Mangystau. Journeying by jeep, you'll discover an array of majestic sites: from the mysterious stone balls of Torysh to the imposing Sherkala Mountain, the captivating valley of castles Airakty, and the awe-inspiring Bozzhyra tract with its vertigo-inducing viewing platforms. This tour is an incredible way to explore the diverse and stunning landscapes of the region.

Torysh, Kok-kala, Sherkala, Airakty, Bozzhyra, Kyzylkup

3 Days | Spring, summer, autumn | US$ 445

Astana - Moscow (Vnukovo) Flights

Winter 2019 - 2020 schedule.

Astana (TSE) - Moscow (Vnukovo) (VKO)

Moscow (Vnukovo) (VKO) - Astana (TSE)