passport travel freedom ranking

These are the world’s most powerful passports to have in 2024

A powerful passport is one that grants visa-free access to many countries around the world. Image:  Photo by ConvertKit on Unsplash

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Stay up to date:, travel and tourism.

• The most powerful passports in the world have been revealed for 2024, with Japan up top for the sixth year running, but sharing the slot with five other countries.
• The Henley Passport Index uses data from the International Air Transport Association and ranks passports by how many countries they allow the holder to visit without a visa.
• Tourism is a major contributor to global GDP, but can be done more sustainably and equitably, according to the World Economic Forum’s report Ten Principles for Sustainable Destinations.

The most powerful passports in the world have been revealed for 2024 – and it’s good news for many EU citizens.

The Henley Passport Index has been tracking the world’s most powerful passports for the past 19 years. The list ranks passports by how many countries they allow the holder to visit without a visa.

In the joint top spot this year are France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Singapore and Spain, with citizens of those countries able to visit 194 out of 227 countries visa-free, or by obtaining a visa on arrival. Japan is at the top of the list for the sixth year in a row.

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How travel and tourism can reach net zero, what is travel and tourism’s role in future global prosperity, 4 ways the public and private sectors can change the future of sustainable travel together, the most powerful passports in 2024.

Here are the top 10 rankings for the most powerful passports in 2024, and the number of other countries these passport holders can visit, without having to obtain a visa in advance.

1. France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Singapore, Spain (194 destinations)

2. Finland, South Korea, Sweden (193 destinations)

3. Austria, Denmark, Ireland, Netherlands (192 destinations)

4. Belgium, Luxembourg, Norway, Portugal, United Kingdom (191 destinations)

5. Greece, Malta, Switzerland (190 destinations)

6. Australia, Czechia, New Zealand, Poland (189 destinations)

7. Canada, Hungary, United States (188 destinations)

8. Estonia, Lithuania (187 destinations)

9. Latvia, Slovakia, Slovenia (186 destinations)

10. Iceland (185 destinations)

The link between visa-free travel and economic power

As well as ranking passport power, Henley & Partners’ report also looks at the relationship between global mobility and economic prosperity. By analyzing trade blocs as well as individual passports, a picture emerges of the most powerful and wealthy parts of the world, and how their citizens enjoy greater levels of access to other countries.

The G7, for instance, which comprises Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States, has a 44% share of global GDP. The G7 scores 100% for internal access, meaning citizens of those seven countries can visit all others in the bloc visa-free. It has an 85% score on the overall passport index, indicating the level of worldwide visa-free access those nationalities enjoy, but only a 39% score for openness – the number of other nationalities that can visit G7 countries visa-free.

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By contrast, the African Union, with a 3% share of GDP, has a 28% score on the overall passport index, but conversely, a higher level of openness at 49%. “ African mobility is headed for a crossroads in 2024 , with the possibility of a drastic improvement in intracontinental travel, passport power, and passport openness,” said author and journalist Justice Malala, in an analysis of the status of travel and tourism in Africa. His comments came after Kenya decided to ditch visas from January 2024 , with the aim of encouraging more tourists.

The future of tourism

Tourism contributes 10% of global GDP and generates 1 in every 10 jobs, according to the World Economic Forum’s report, Ten Principles for Sustainable Destinations: Charting a new path forward for travel and tourism.

Singapore – one of the top power passport countries – aims to harness the personal and economic benefits of tourism with its Skills Framework for Tourism , an initiative “designed to promote skills mastery and lifelong learning” among its workforce.

Cultivating the workforce is also one of the Forum’s 10 principles for sustainable tourism, which it says can contribute to 5 of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals .

But the sector still has a long way to go to reach equity. As Dr Christian H Kaelin, Chairman of Henley & Partners, pointed out: “The average number of destinations travellers are able to access visa-free has nearly doubled from 58 in 2006 to 111 in 2024. However … the top-ranked countries are now able to travel to a staggering 166 more destinations visa-free than Afghanistan , which sits at the bottom of the ranking with access to just 28 countries without a visa.”

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The views expressed in this article are those of the author alone and not the World Economic Forum.

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Passport ranking

What is Passport Ranking?

How passports are ranked in the Guide Passport Index

The Guide Passport Index employs a comprehensive methodology to evaluate and compare passports worldwide. By meticulously analyzing the visa requirements and policies imposed by destinations across the globe, the index ranks 199 passports in descending order. This number corresponds to the countries and territories that issue their own passports. The ranking is primarily based on the number of visa-free travel destinations available to passport holders out of a total of 229 destinations. These destinations encompass countries and territories with independent passport systems. It is important to note that the index also considers 31 territories, which, although not issuing their own passports, are counted as destinations for the purpose of evaluation. This approach ensures a comprehensive assessment of each passport’s strength and the extent of travel freedom it provides. The Guide Passport Index adheres to a comprehensive methodology outlined as follows:

• Analysis of Visa Requirements : The visa requirements for ordinary passport holders from all countries and territories issuing passports (199 passports) are meticulously studied when traveling to each of the 229 worldwide destinations intended for short-stay purposes like tourism and business. Multiple information sources, including data from the International Air Transport Association (IATA), relevant government websites, and other official and reliable visa policy sources, are utilized.
• Visa-free access

Visa on arrival

• Electronic Travel Authorization (eTA)
• Visa Online
• Visa Required
• Calculation of Visa-Free Destinations : The number of destinations falling into the first three categories (visa-free access, visa on arrival, and electronic travel authorization) is summed for each passport, providing the total count of destinations where a pre-arranged visa is not required—referred to as visa-free destinations for a passport.
• Ranking by Visa-Free Destinations : Passports are arranged in descending order based on the number of visa-free destinations associated with each passport. The top-ranked passport, occupying the first position in the ranking, signifies the most powerful passport globally, granting its holder the highest degree of global freedom of movement and access to the largest number of visa-free destinations.
• Ongoing Monitoring and Updates : Visa policy updates are continuously monitored, and the passport ranking is promptly updated to reflect changes in the number of visa-free destinations per passport.

Factors Shaping Passport Strength

Expanding freedom of movement and global travel opportunities, passport ranking index, visa-free travel, electronic travel authorization, ordinary visa, visa-free destinations, passport rank, check if you need a visa for your next destination, latest news and articles.

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The essential traveler's guide to understanding various types of visas

• 🇦🇫 Afghanistan
• 🇦🇬 Antigua and Barbuda
• 🇦🇷 Argentina
• 🇦🇺 Australia
• 🇦🇿 Azerbaijan
• 🇧🇩 Bangladesh
• 🇧🇧 Barbados
• 🇧🇦 Bosnia and Herzegovina
• 🇧🇼 Botswana
• 🇧🇬 Bulgaria
• 🇧🇫 Burkina Faso
• 🇰🇭 Cambodia
• 🇨🇲 Cameroon
• 🇨🇻 Cape Verde
• 🇨🇫 Central African Republic
• 🇨🇴 Colombia
• 🇨🇬 Congo Republic
• 🇨🇷 Costa Rica
• 🇨🇿 Czech Republic
• 🇨🇮 Côte d'Ivoire
• 🇨🇩 Democratic Republic of the Congo
• 🇩🇯 Djibouti
• 🇩🇲 Dominica
• 🇩🇴 Dominican Republic
• 🇸🇻 El Salvador
• 🇬🇶 Equatorial Guinea
• 🇪🇹 Ethiopia
• 🇬🇹 Guatemala
• 🇬🇼 Guinea-Bissau
• 🇭🇳 Honduras
• 🇭🇰 Hong Kong
• 🇮🇩 Indonesia
• 🇰🇿 Kazakhstan
• 🇰🇮 Kiribati
• 🇰🇬 Kyrgyzstan
• 🇱🇮 Liechtenstein
• 🇱🇹 Lithuania
• 🇱🇺 Luxembourg
• 🇲🇰 Macedonia
• 🇲🇬 Madagascar
• 🇲🇾 Malaysia
• 🇲🇻 Maldives
• 🇲🇭 Marshall Islands
• 🇲🇷 Mauritania
• 🇲🇺 Mauritius
• 🇫🇲 Micronesia
• 🇲🇳 Mongolia
• 🇲🇪 Montenegro
• 🇲🇿 Mozambique
• 🇳🇱 Netherlands
• 🇳🇿 New Zealand
• 🇳🇮 Nicaragua
• 🇰🇵 North Korea
• 🇵🇰 Pakistan
• 🇵🇸 Palestine
• 🇵🇬 Papua New Guinea
• 🇵🇾 Paraguay
• 🇵🇭 Philippines
• 🇵🇹 Portugal
• 🇰🇳 Saint Kitts and Nevis
• 🇱🇨 Saint Lucia
• 🇻🇨 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
• 🇸🇲 San Marino
• 🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia
• 🇸🇨 Seychelles
• 🇸🇱 Sierra Leone
• 🇸🇬 Singapore
• 🇸🇰 Slovakia
• 🇸🇮 Slovenia
• 🇸🇧 Solomon Islands
• 🇿🇦 South Africa
• 🇰🇷 South Korea
• 🇸🇸 South Sudan
• 🇱🇰 Sri Lanka
• 🇸🇷 Suriname
• 🇸🇿 Swaziland
• 🇨🇭 Switzerland
• 🇸🇹 São Tomé and Príncipe
• 🇹🇯 Tajikistan
• 🇹🇿 Tanzania
• 🇹🇭 Thailand
• 🇹🇱 Timor-Leste
• 🇹🇹 Trinidad and Tobago
• 🇹🇲 Turkmenistan
• 🇦🇪 United Arab Emirates
• 🇬🇧 United Kingdom
• 🇺🇸 United States
• 🇺🇿 Uzbekistan
• 🇻🇪 Venezuela
• 🇿🇼 Zimbabwe

Nigerian Passport Ranks World's 10th Worst Travel Document

T he Nigerian passport has ranked 191 out of 199 countries, making it the 10th worst travel document worldwide, according to VisaGuide's World Passport Index.

According to the report, as of April, the Nigerian passport only emerged above countries like North Korea (192), Iraq (193), Libya (194), Sudan (195), Pakistan (196), Afghanistan (197), Syria (198) and Somalia (199).

The index is a passport ranking system that uses the Destination Significance Score (DSS) for assessing and ranking the passports of countries and territories.

The rankings are usually based on various factors to determine their strength and assign a unique value to each passport.

In the latest index, the Singaporean passport came first on the chart as the strongest in the world, followed by the Italian passport.

Based on the index, Spanish, French and German passports are ranked as third, fourth, and fifth respectively.

The report disclosed, "To reach a unique ranking, we assign a value, which we call Destination Significance Score (DSS), to each travel destination."

It added, "A unique DSS value is assigned to each destination based on the entry policy it enforces on the passport, GDP, Power Index, Tourism Index and Human Development Index (HDI), among other factors. The DSS is multiplied with the value of the visa requirement of the destination country toward the selected passport holders."

Other factors are visa-free travel, electronic travel authorisation, visa on arrival, electronic visa (e-visa), embassy or other government-approved visas, passport-free travel, and banned entry.

It also noted that since destination countries are each assigned a unique DSS, "Being able to travel visa-free to a destination with a higher DSS gives the selected passport a higher value than having visa-free access to a country with lowed (sic) DSS."

"This results in a more accurate ranking for each passport," stated the index.

It also mentioned that after all factions were calculated, each passport had its unique value, with no two countries having the same number of "visa-free" destinations.

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Passport Power Ranking Records Widest Ever Gap in Travel Freedom

For immediate release: london, tuesday 05 october 2021.

The latest results and research from the Henley Passport Index show how proliferating barriers to entry over the past 18 months of the pandemic have resulted in the widest global mobility gap in its 16-year history, with passport holders from top ranking Japan and Singapore able to travel visa free to 166 more destinations than Afghan nationals, who sit at the bottom of the index with access to just 26 countries without requiring a visa in advance.

Based on exclusive data from the International Air Transport Association (IATA), the index, which ranks all of the world’s passports according to the number of destinations their holders can access without a prior visa, shows that countries in the global north with high-ranking passports have enforced some of the most stringent inbound Covid-19-related travel restrictions, while many countries with lower-ranking passports have relaxed their borders without seeing this openness reciprocated. This has created an ever-widening gap in travel freedom even for fully vaccinated travelers from countries at the lower end of the passport power ranking who remain locked out of most of the world.

Unique research and expert analysis commissioned by leading international residence and citizenship by investment advisory firm Henley & Partners indicates that this gap is likely to increase, as pandemic-related restrictions become entrenched and amplify the already significant global mobility divide between advanced and developing economies. Japan, which shares top spot on the index with Singapore due to their visa-free/visa-on-arrival score of 192, currently bars almost all foreign nationals from entry. Germany, which sits alongside South Korea in joint-2 nd place with a visa-free/visa-on arrival score of 190, currently restricts nearly 100 countries from entry.

At the lower end of the index, Egypt, ranked 97 th , currently has no travel restrictions in place, yet its citizens can access just 51 destinations around the world without acquiring a visa in advance. Similarly, Kenya, which ranks 77 th , has no travel bans in place, yet its passport holders are able to access just 72 destinations visa-free.

Has Covid become an excuse for curbing visitors from the global south?

In response to recent developments, experts suggest that restrictive policies initially introduced to contain the spread of Covid-19 are now being conveniently applied to contain mobility from the global south. Commenting in Henley & Partners’ Global Mobility Report 2021 Q4 , Prof. Mehari Taddele Maru , a Fellow at the United Nations University Institute on Comparative Regional Integration Studies, points out that the rationale behind the restrictions on travelers from the global south are not necessarily related to vaccination or infection rates, as they are subject to quarantine requirements whether they are vaccinated or not. “The global north has been enforcing aggressive migration containment strategies for some time now through the rigid application of border controls, undermining the movement of persons in various ways. Covid-19-associated travel restrictions are new additions to the toolbox of migration containment instruments employed by the global north to curb mobility from the global south.”  

Recent adjustments to the Covid-ban policies of the UK and the US, which share 7 th place on the index with a visa-free score of 185, have done little to alter what experts perceive to be growing inequalities when it comes to travel freedom and access. Nor has their refusal to recognize vaccines administered across Africa, South America, and South Asia.

Commenting on these latest developments, Dr. Christian H. Kaelin , Chairman of Henley & Partners and the inventor of the passport index concept, notes that these decisions are likely to have far-reaching consequences. “If we want to restart the global economy, it is critical that developed nations encourage inward migration flows, as opposed to persisting with outmoded restrictions. Resourceful countries need to futureproof their economies by attracting and welcoming the upcoming generation. It is pivotal that advanced nations consider revising their current somewhat exclusive approach to the rest of the world and reform and adapt to overcome the competition and not miss the opportunity to embrace the potential.”

EU, UK, and US policies present complex obstacles on road to normality 

As advanced economies contemplate a return to business as usual, experts note that many challenges lie ahead. Commenting in the Global Mobility Report 2021 Q4 on the UK’s recent travel ban adjustments, Dr. Hannah White OBE , Deputy Director of the Institute for Government, a leading London think tank, says that restrictions to international movement look certain to continue to affect travelers to and from the UK well into 2022. “The direction of travel has been towards greater freedoms, but ongoing requirements for expensive tests and quarantine for those vaccinated outside the UK, and the absence of an approved international vaccination certification scheme, continue to rule out visits for many international travelers, limit short-term international travel for UK residents, and potentially cause issues for UK residents vaccinated in non-approved countries.”

Convoluted and ever-changing travel restrictions are also causing setbacks across the Atlantic, says Greg Lindsay , Director of Applied Research at NewCities, who notes that while the US recently lifted restrictions for travelers from the EU, the bloc has voted to remove America from its ‘safe list’ of countries. “As has been the case throughout the pandemic, passports once thought to be sacrosanct are again in flux due to parabolic case counts and shifting politics. The predicted Q4 return to normalcy now offers more questions than answers. The run-up to year end promises to be a race between vaccinations and variants, with the pandemic’s eventual end hanging in the balance.”

Dr. Leila Hadj Abdou , a lecturer in the Department of Political Science at the University of Vienna and a part-time assistant professor at the Migration Policy Centre at the European University Institute in Italy, says that the EU is facing complex challenges of its own. “International migration and mobility will continue to play an important role in the EU’s economy and its development, given the ongoing skills shortages across many member states. New Covid variants that are spreading faster — and among younger, non-vaccinated cohorts in particular — are causing uncertainty regarding whether the economy can remain open, especially in (migrant-reliant) sectors such as tourism and hospitality.”

Unpredictability hits developing world hardest

For many countries with low-ranking passports on the Henley Passport Index , proliferating barriers to entry are hindering progress, even as many reopen their borders in desperate bids to reboot economic growth. Erol Yayboke , senior fellow with the International Security Program and director of the Project on Fragility and Mobility at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) in Washington, DC, points out in the Global Mobility Report 2021 Q4 that the pandemic’s sustained impact on global human mobility means that there may never be a post-pandemic world to navigate. “Covid-19 is as much an economic crisis as it is a public health one, though in both regards it disproportionately negatively affects migration origin countries. Increased pressure to move for survival will be met with pandemic-related barriers to movement that are likely to linger, both because the virus itself is lingering and because increased control over migration will be difficult for some leaders to relinquish.”

Commenting on the mounting barriers to entry faced by African countries, the award-winning South African journalist Justice Malala notes that the rest of the world remains largely inaccessible to travelers from the continent, with new obstacles emerging. “In an attempt to restart the economy, the South African government announced in early September that it had commenced with developing a digital Covid-19 vaccination certificate to confirm proof of vaccination that would align with international standards, which would be available before the end of the month. Officials had previously said the country would introduce a vaccine passport together with other African nations — but achieving uniformity and legitimacy of the document across the continent is proving a challenge.”

Renewed focus on safety, stability, and healthcare

In taking stock of the dramatic changes wrought by the pandemic, experts in the Global Mobility Report 2021 Q4 suggest that a global vaccine hierarchy is emerging. Kevin Bürchler of the SIP Medical Family Office in Switzerland says having access to vaccinations with the widest approval and acceptance rates may result in higher health security, but also in more convenience during travels. “AstraZeneca’s non-replicating viral vector vaccination currently ranks number one, having been approved by more than 120 countries. Pfizer–BioNTech’s vaccination is currently approved in 98 countries, Russia’s Sputnik in 71 countries, and Moderna in 69 countries worldwide. Your health or vaccination status — sometimes in combination with additional passports — may now be even more important for your global access rights than your primary passport is.”

Dr. Juerg Steffen , CEO of Henley & Partners , says that at a moment of great uncertainty, investment migration programs offer an invaluable source of stability. “For the countries that are able to offer these programs, the security they provide acts as a safeguard against the economic volatility that continues to wreak havoc across the world. For more and more people, it is self-evident that acquiring a second citizenship or alternative residence , or both, is a foundational building block for a safe and stable future.”

Notes to editors

About the 2021 Henley Passport Index 

With cutting-edge expert commentary and historical data spanning 16 years, the Henley Passport Index is the original ranking of all the world’s passports according to the number of destinations their holders can access without a prior visa. Originally created by Dr. Christian H. Kaelin , the ranking is based on exclusive data from the International Air Transport Association (IATA), which maintains the world’s largest and most accurate database of travel information, and it is enhanced by extensive, ongoing research by the Henley & Partners Research Department.

Along with the Kälin – Kochenov Quality of Nationality Index , it is considered a major reference tool for global citizens and the standard reference for government policy in this field.

About Henley & Partners 

Henley & Partners is the global leader in residence and citizenship by investment. Each year, hundreds of wealthy individuals and their advisors rely on our expertise and experience in this area. The firm’s highly qualified professionals work together as one team in over 35 offices worldwide.

The concept of residence and citizenship planning was created by Henley & Partners in the 1990s. As globalization has expanded, residence and citizenship have become topics of significant interest among the increasing number of internationally mobile entrepreneurs and investors whom we proudly serve every day.

The firm also runs a leading government advisory practice that has raised more than USD 10 billion in foreign direct investment. Trusted by governments, the firm has been involved in strategic consulting and in the design, set-up, and operation of the world’s most successful residence and citizenship programs.

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