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Play Jeopardy! World Tour

Challenge the world in the ultimate game of smarts. Earn bragging rights as the Jeopardy! World Tour champion. Whether you’re at home or on-the-go, it’s the new way to play Jeopardy! with your friends. Play this new Jeopardy! experience as host, Alex Trebek takes you on a world tour!

Have fun challenging the world with thousands of clues and categories
Become a Jeopardy! World Tour champion as you climb the global leaderboards
Earn free Power-Ups as you win your way through thousands of unique clues
The true Jeopardy! experience in the palm of your hand

Visit https://www.sonypictures.com/games/jeopardyworldtour to learn more.

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Complete guide to building product tours on your React apps

Introduction

Ever heard of tours in product UI?

Product tours are self-explaining tips UI for the website user to break down complex UX and make it easily useable.

Product tours play a vital role in B2B product UI. It helps save customer support time related to repeated ‘how-to-use’ questions about the UX.

What problems do product tours solve?

Product tours help with onboarding users to new and complex UX and helps to get users familiar with UI functionalities. They’re also useful for showcasing new updates on product UI, and they can save time for the customer success team.

Slack, Trello, Asana, and Invision are some of the big products that use product tours for different UX needs.

The indirect alternative to product tours including FAQs about product functionalities, product video demos and tours, and on-demand tips UI.

However, video tours or FAQs don’t have the same level of impact as inline product tours.

The majority of users don’t look for tutorials outside the UI.

On the other hand, on-demand tips UI are similar to product tours and can have a similar impact.

In this post, you’ll learn how to build a simple product tour for your React application. Before building, it you’ll first need to learn about existing React libraries.

Existing React libraries for product tours

Even though product tours are used by lot of companies, there aren’t many React-based tour UIs. Some of the libraries are React Tour and React Joyride.

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React Tour library

React Tour has around 1.4k stars on Github and is moderately active.

It has very nice UI if you need a simple product tour without much customization. If this is the case, React Tour UI will be good enough.

You can view the demo for React Tour here .

How it works

With React Tour, you pass the classname selector and content for each step to the component.

It will render the tour UI based on a button click, or after mounting the component. It’s simple for static pages and UI:

However, if you need to customize for a custom behavior, then it won’t work very well. The component is very rigid, and styles aren’t exposed well enough to make it reusable.

One drawback is that if you don’t use styled-components in your project, then you won’t have any luck using the component. There is no other way — the library has a hard dependency for styled components.

Additionally, if a classname selector is not present in the current screen, then React Tour just displays the non-matched content in the center of the screen. There is no way to hide it.

The only way to overwrite such behavior is to trigger the next steps through our own logic, but that defeats the purpose of the component.

It’s almost as complex as writing your own component for product tours.

React Joyride library

The next famous React product tour library is React Joyride . It has 3k stars on Github and is also actively developed.

The UI isn’t as elegant as React Tours, but the API is less rigid. It allows for some level of customization.

Of course, it has its own limitations.

The docs aren’t good enough if you need custom solution on top of basic React tour functionality. The props API also isn’t very intuitive or simple.

The only difference is that it has solutions for most use cases in product tours. They expose all the events and actions to the end user, so you can capture those actions and do whatever customization you want.

Building a simple product tour in a React app

First, let’s build a simple React tour without any custom functionality.

We’ll use react-dashboard by creative tim as our base application.

This loads the product tour on top of it.

This is what the dashboard UI looks like:

We’ll do a product tour on this UI. You can see the final product tours UI here .

Let’s create the simple product tour component:

Load this tour component anywhere on the page to load the blinking beacon UI. If you click that beacon, it will open the tour. The next button will let you navigate til the end of the tour.

Joyride components take a lot of props. The most important ones are steps props. It accepts an array of objects with target selector elements and content.

Continuous props are used for showing the next button on each step.

You can see the demo for this simple tour component here .

Now let’s add more features and make our product tour more customized. Simple features are:

Skip option on each step

Change locale text labels
Hide / show buttons (next, skip, back buttons)

Custom styles like button colors and text alignment

Then we’ll add the custom feature like:

Auto start the tour
Start the tour by manual triggers (i.e., through link or button click)
Hide blinking beacon
Auto start tour once and only show tour on manual triggers next time

Most of the basic functionalities can be achieved through the props provided by Joyride docs .

Adding showSkipButton to true will do the trick. Skip link will skip the remaining step on the tour.

How to change text labels for buttons and links

Let’s change the last button text as end tour and skip button text to close tour .

How to hide Back, Next and Skip buttons

For the Skip button, use *showSkipButton* props
For the Back button, use hideBackButton
For the Next button, use continuous props

Unlike other props, continuous props work differently. They either show the Next button or show a Close button, depending on the boolean value passed to the props.

You can see how inconsistent the props API naming are. It isn’t very easy to find lot of hidden features unless you read the complete docs for Joyride couple of times 😅

Styles are exposed as an object. So if you pass a style object to the component, the component will merge it with their default styles.

A caveat to this way of styling is that it only supports a handful of the object styles, which are already defined on the component.

It won’t allow you to customize everything on an element level. Also, the classnames used in the rendered elements are not very easy to customize.

However, the library exposes props to use your own elements instead of the default elements.

Some of the components are:

Beacon component ( beaconComponent prop)
tooltip component ( tooltipComponent prop)

Controlled product tour

So far, you’ve learned how to use the Joyride library to create a basic product tour and customize it using props.

You’ve also seen some of the limitations to styling the component.

Until now, the tour has been controlled in the library. You just pass the steps and tweak some props.

It’s possible to control the tour and trigger goto a particular step directly through button click, but it requires some coding.

We’ll see how to do it by achieving a few of the features.

The Joyride component exposes some of the actions and events through callback. You need to capture the callback and, based on the function, you can customize your functionality.

It’s simple to make the component controlled by passing a prop stepIndex .

stepIndex is the index number and starts from 0. Once you pass the values, the Next and Back button clicks need to be handled by you.

Let’s get to it. First, we will define the steps:

Here’s the initial state to make the component controlled:

To auto start the tour, you need to pass disableBeacon: true in the first step. This will just disable the beacon. But you need to trigger start by changing the state run: true :

The actions that are important to make the functionality are Close button click, Skip button click, Next, and Back button click.

Let’s implement the reducer function:

Now we’ll listen to the events and dispatch proper state changes to manage the tour:

Here’s a quick overview of how each action, event, and state update works:

If the Close button, Skip button, or End Tour button are clicked, then STOP the tour. Meanwhile, if the Next or Back button are clicked, then check whether the target element is present in the page.

If the target element is present, then go to that step. If it’s not present, find the next step target and iterate.

Joyride expose EVENTS, STATUS, and ACTION labels. You can use those to listen to the callback event without hardcoding it.

Let’s also auto start the tour when the page loads:

You can even trigger the start of tour using button click:

Right now, we have it set up so that the tour will be shown every time you refresh the page.

If you only want to show the tour once and then trigger it only through manual click, you can do so using localStorage .

You can find the working example code here and the demo here .

Steps for building a custom product tour in React

We’ve achieved the product tour using the Joyride library.

But what if we need to create our own?

Let’s walk through building a tour component.

The biggest challenges to building tour components include finding the target element and showing a popover component, as well as ensuring the popover component calculates the available window space and automatically displays by the target element.

It can also be difficult to ensure the tour component is reusable and that styles are easily extended.

To build a custom tour component in React, it’s easiest to isolate the functionality and component UI with these React Hooks:

useTour – a custom Hook to build your own UI on top of functionality
Tour – a dumb UI component that consumes useTour to load the tour portal UI

This mock code shows how useTour works:

I hope this article helped you learn the tricks of creating product tour components in your React application. Let me know your experience on tour UX in the comments 🤗

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Phase 10: World Tour

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Registration for early access to tickets starts Tuesday, February 6 at 5PM (PST) / 6PM (MST) / 7PM (CST) / 8PM (EST).

Yes, this presale is exclusively for ENGENE MEMBERSHIP holders. If you are a non-member, please visit Weverse to join.

After signing up on Weverse, please follow the steps below.

Join ENHYPEN Weverse
Download Weverse Shop and log in with your Weverse account
Buy and join ENGENE MEMBERSHIP on Weverse Shop
Apply for ENGENE MEMBERSHIP PRESALE on Weverse

Presale Registration will begin on Tuesday, February 6 at 5PM (PST) / 6PM (MST) / 7PM (CST) / 8PM (EST) and will continue until Friday, February 9 at 6PM (PST) / 7PM(MST) / 8PM (CST) / 9PM (EST).

Yes, this presale is exclusively for ENGENE MEMBERSHIP holders, and we will need to verify your membership prior to your participation in the presale. You must register on Weverse to receive a presale code that will provide you with a chance to purchase presale tickets.

How to Apply: Open Weverse -> Go to ENHYPEN Weverse -> Tap the button on the top-right corner -> Tap ‘Notices’ -> Read the concert Ticket Information and apply for ENHYPEN MEMBERSHIP PRESALE

Once the registration period ends, we will send your presale code to the email address that is associated with your Weverse ID on Wednesday, February 14. You will have to input your presale code before purchasing presale tickets.

If you have an iCloud email address, we suggest that the “Hide my Email” function is turned off to ensure proper code delivery. Click here for more info.

If fans have signed up to Weverse via their Apple ID and have a setting to “Hide My Email”, their email does not pass through to us so that we can properly deliver their codes.

Presale will start at 4PM in local time of the respective venues on Wednesday, February 14 and will end at 10PM local time.

The presale code will allow you to purchase a maximum of 6 tickets and can only be used once per show.

Participating in presale registration DOES NOT guarantee tickets to the show. Tickets will be available on a first-come first-serve basis.

On Wednesday, February 14, AEG will send a presale code to your email address that is registered as your Weverse ID. If you have any issues receiving the presale code, please note that we will troubleshoot all issues and inquiries quickly to help resolve the issues.

Create / Log in on ticket sites: Ticketmaster.com / AXS.com
Search “ENHYPEN”
Choose your desired city
The Lobby -> Waiting Room -> Queue -> Enter “PRESALE CODE” (The “PRESALE CODE” is a combination of numbers and/or alphabet characters that was sent to your email address used as Weverse ID.)
Select desired seating area (Limited to 6)
Continue to purchase

Local time refers to the time zone where the venue is located.

Tickets will be sold from the websites designated by the venues. Click the “BUY TICKETS” button on this website to directly get transferred to the ticket site.

This show is for all ages.

All sales are final. No refund, no exchange available.

Yes, there will be a General Onsale following ENGENE MEMBERSHIP PRESALE on Thursday, February 15 at 4pm local time. Tickets will be available on a first-come-first-serve basis.

The Extreme Tour - 30 consecutive years of Extreme Sports and Music events! Events now being planned throughout the United States and internationally, including the U.K., Japan and India!

Applications are now open for 2024.

The Extreme Tour accepts applications from artists, athletes, and performers of all kinds who want to perform or participate in any of the events we are doing around the world. Selected bands can apply to be considered for as much or as little of the tour schedule as they are available for. The Extreme Tour takes care of travel expenses like housing and food on varying levels for approved artists, and some artists may be compensated for their participation with arrangement of additional support to cover their needs. The U.S. Tour hopes to select up to 150 bands this year. The International tour teams hopes to accept up to an additional 35 bands based on availability of slots and performances.

Be advised, we are currently in negotiations with a third party online platform to administrate all General Applicant submissions from artists we have not already been in conversation with, or that we do not have a previous working relationship with. We are currently only accepting applications from artists we have been communicating with, and to whom we have granted "Preferred Applicant" status for the 2024 tour. Artists that have been offered "Preferred Applicant" status are provided with a confirmation code to enter on the Preferred Applicant page, validating their application and exempting them from the General Application submission fee.

We will be reaching out to Applied Artists with instructions for how to submit their fees after the Application has been submitted.

IF YOU ARE UNCERTAIN IF YOU HAVE RECEIVED A "PREFERRED ARTIST" REFERRAL, OR IF YOU WOULD LIKE TO REQUEST CONSIDERATION FOR A REFERRAL, PLEASE CONTACT [email protected] .

GENERAL TRAVEL

12 Best Apps & Websites for Booking Travel Online

Liz is a collector of grand adventures. She first discovered her passion for meaningful travel wh...

Travel Apps
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If there’s anything better than traveling, it’s the build up. Daydreaming of the perfect destination, scrolling through unique places to stay, and browsing travel guides for the best hole-in-the-wall restaurants and local must-sees are all opportunities to start wanderlusting before you’ve even packed your bags.

Be honest—how many Airbnb Stays do you have bookmarked?

True, it can be overwhelming to map out the nitty gritty flights, connections, accommodation, and pit stops when there are endless options available, but having something exciting to look forward to is one of the keys to happiness after all.

Lucky for you, there are countless apps and websites to help you with booking travel online, so you don’t have to feel overwhelmed when planning the travel adventure of your dreams.

Whether you’re an Apple or Android fan, you’ll have the time of your life in the lead up to your trip with the best travel booking apps and trip planners around!

What to look for in the best travel booking apps

You’re scrolling the app store wondering, what is the best trip planner app? There are hundreds of apps out there—how do you choose? The struggle is real. The truth is, many of them will be more useless than helpful. So how do you weed out the junk that’s clogging up your phone?

The best travel booking apps have these essential features.

1. They’re available offline.

If you’re traveling overseas, there’s no guarantee that you’ll have easy access to WiFi. Unless you have an international phone plan, a local SIM card, or don’t mind roaming charges, limited WiFi can be a killer if you want to access your travel apps in-country. The best travel booking apps have an offline version, so you can access them anywhere, anytime.

2. They include a booking service.

If you’re looking for the best travel booking app, it will definitely have a booking service included. Whether you’re looking for accommodation options or are wanting to book tickets and tours, the ability to book from the app makes everything easier. Let’s call it your one-stop-shop.

3. They have reviews.

The best way to find authentic experiences is to look for recommendations from other people, whether they’re locals or tourists who have stumbled upon hidden gems. Reviews can really make or break your travel plans. The best travel booking apps will definitely have you covered with experienced travelers’ tips and recommendations.

4. They have a translation function.

When you’re traveling between countries, it can be helpful to have a translation function on your travel apps, so you don’t have to switch between apps to get what you’re looking for. With a translation option, you can move about without language barriers, making travel easy even if you don’t speak the native tongue.

5. They have social media integration.

As simple as it sounds, the time it takes to sign up and register for a new app can be a deciding factor for many. In a world where we want information at our fingertips, it can be a turn off when it takes too much time to create a profile before you can use an app.

The best travel booking apps allow you to link your social media accounts—not only for easy access, but so you can share the highlights of your trip directly to your social accounts!

6. They have a travel planner feature.

We want more than just a place to book a bed for the night. We want an app to help us organize our itineraries, bookmark our favorite travel destinations, create schedules, and make travel easy. If you’re wondering what the best trip planner app is, you’ll know you’ve found it when you can plan your travel all in one place.

1. LikeALocal

Why it’s the best: If you’re into hole-in-the-wall restaurants and hidden spots that only the most seasoned travelers frequent, LikeALocal is the best travel booking app for you. With guides, tips, and tricks, all the content is created by true locals who have lived in the destination for years.
The app allows you to browse destination guides, book tours, and even connect with residents through their Q&A feature—and it’s all available 100% offline.

Why it’s the best: There’s no better way to settle into a new destination than staying in a local’s home. Airbnb is rising as one of the best travel booking apps for accommodation, offering an excellent in-between for hostels and hotels.
Whether you want to book individual rooms or entire houses from local residents, there are options to suit most budgets. Through the app, you can easily communicate with your host, making it easy to check-in, out, and get the best tips on local hot spots.
Available for iOS and Android.

3. HotelTonight

Why it’s the best: While some travelers plan out every detail before leaving home, others live for spontaneity. Luckily, there’s an app for that, too. HotelTonight helps you find last-minute deals on nearby hotels, making it perfect for spur of the moment holidays or road trips with unplanned stops along the way.
It’s easy to use, with filter options to help you find the right place to suit your needs, and booking a room for the night is just one click away.

Why it’s the best: Are you a travel junkie? Love multi-destination travel? If you answered ‘ yes’ and you’re still wondering what the best trip planner app is, look no further than TripIt. All you have to do is forward your travel confirmation details to [email protected], and the app creates a master document for all of your travels so you can stay organized!
You can access it any time, WiFi or dead zone. Upgrade to their paid version to receive real-time flight alerts, a currency converter, socket requirements for your destination, tipping advice, alternative routes for canceled flights, and even track your reward points.

5. Skyscanner

Why it’s the best: If you’re looking for flights, Skyscanner is where it’s at! The app gives you access to flights from over 1,200 different sources so you can find the best options out there, whether you’re looking for the cheapest options, the fastest routes, or the most affordable days to fly.
If you’re in the daydreaming stages and open to new possibilities, Skyscanner also has an “anywhere” option to help you find affordable flights you never knew were possible. You can even set up alerts for price dips to find the best airfare rates around.
Available for IOS.

6. PackPoint

Why it’s the best: For some travelers, packing can be the biggest headache when preparing for a trip. PackPoint will keep you organized and do the hard work for you. The app creates a custom packing list based on your gender, travel destination, dates and duration of travel, and the type of trip you’re planning. It even checks the weather for you!
You can add or remove items to make it more personal and check them off as you go, making the packing experience quick and easy.

6 best travel booking websites

Prefer to sit down in front of a computer to do some brainstorming for your next trip? Then you’re probably wondering what the best travel booking website is. Here’s a round-up of the best places for booking travel online.

1. Tripadvisor

No trip is complete without a visit to Tripadvisor. Whether you’re looking for tours, hotels, transportation, restaurants, or just a little travel inspo, Tripadvisor is one of the best websites for browsing and booking travel online.

You can read reviews, save your favorites, get organized using the map features, and book travel all in one place. This site is a must when planning your next trip.

2. Intrepid

Adventure junkies love Intrepid. With small group tours to more than 100 countries, Intrepid is one of the top tour companies for solo travelers who want an adrenaline rush and connection to like-minded people. While most tours attract young travelers under 30, there is no age limit for tours through Intrepid.

Search for unique, niche experiences, from cycling the Middle East to trekking the world’s tallest mountains. With great deals all year round, you can score discounts of up to 50% and reserve your next tour for as low as $1.

3. Hostelworld

Who doesn’t love a good hostel? Backpackers on a budget can find some of the most affordable accommodation options through Hostelworld. Search for your destination, filter by price range or ratings, and find accommodation descriptions, reviews, and booking policies for hostels in over 170 countries worldwide.

The full-screen interactive map makes it easy to see if the hostel is near where you want to be—whether that’s down the street from night clubs or nature.

4. Couchsurfing

If you want a truly unique travel experience at the absolute lowest cost, why not try couch surfing? Through Couchsurfing, you can connect to locals and stay in their homes for free, saving you money and giving you access to true local experiences.

If you don’t feel comfortable staying in someone’s home, Couchsurfing also has a Hangouts feature for you to use to meet and socialize with other travelers—perfect for solo travelers!

If you’re booking travel online, Momondo is worth a browse. This flight search engine is unique to other sites, showing prices of smaller airlines and travel companies that are often overlooked by other popular search engines.

With Momondo, you can find the best times to fly using their monthly matrix, featuring the best prices and routes, no matter where you want to go. Check out the flight insights page for trends and analytics, which will give you insight into how far in advance you need to book your flights to save the most money.

6. GoAbroad

Last, but certainly not least on the list of best sites for booking travel online, is the one and only GoAbroad (that’s us!). Find your perfect program for meaningful travel abroad, with over 15,000 programs, destinations worldwide, scholarships, and insider tips.

If you want to travel abroad with purpose, GoAbroad can undoubtedly help you discover the program to help you smash your goals and make your wildest dreams come true! You can browse our Travel Resource Hub right now to get a jump start on your travel planning.

Booking travel online is fast and easy!

If you’ve been bitten by the travel bug, there’s really no excuse not to start planning your next getaway. Check out the best travel booking apps and websites to stay organized, score great deals, and quench your wanderlust. Booking travel online has never been easier! You’re just a click away from your next big adventure abroad.

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[NOTICE] TOMORROW X TOGETHER WORLD TOUR <ACT : PROMISE> IN U.S. Announcement and Ticket Information

Hello. This is BIGHIT MUSIC. We would like to announce the “TOMORROW X TOGETHER WORLD TOUR <ACT : PROMISE> IN U.S.” We are providing you with the information on how to make reservations for this concert so please check the details below before booking your ticket. [Concert Information] [Ticket Sale Schedule] - MOA MEMBERSHIP PRESALE Application Period : March 19, 2024 (Tue) 9AM to March 24 (Sun) 11AM (KST) March 18, 2024 (Mon) 8PM to March 23 (Sat) 10PM (EST) March 18, 2024 (Mon) 7PM to March 23 (Sat) 9PM (CST) March 18, 2024 (Mon) 5PM to March 23 (Sat) 7PM (PST) - MOA MEMBERSHIP PRESALE Date : March 27, 2024 (Wed) 4PM to 10PM (Local Time) - General Onsale Date: From March 28, 2024 (Thu) 4PM (Local Time) ▶️ APPLY FOR MOA MEMBERSHIP PRESALE ▶ GO TO 'EVENT APPLICATIONS' ▶ GO TO SIGN UP FOR MOA MEMBERSHIP ▶️INFORMATION ON TICKETS/ MOA MEMBERSHIP PRESALE: http://txt-actpromiseus.com https://ibighit.com/txt/kor/tour/act_promise/ ※ If you wish to participate in the MOA MEMBERSHIP PRESALE, you must apply for the MOA MEMBERSHIP PRESALE in advance on WEVERSE. ※ Your MOA MEMBERSHIP should be valid when you apply for MOA MEMBERSHIP PRESALE. Application will be open for a limited period so please make sure to check the application dates. ※ Please make sure to check the correct time and date for different time zones. We look forward to your interest and support in TOMORROW X TOGETHER WORLD TOUR <ACT : PROMISE> IN U.S. Thank you.

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Original research article, an open source-based bci application for virtual world tour and its usability evaluation.

1 School of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Handong Global University, Pohang, South Korea
2 Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Handong Global University, Pohang, South Korea

Brain–computer interfaces can provide a new communication channel and control functions to people with restricted movements. Recent studies have indicated the effectiveness of brain–computer interface (BCI) applications. Various types of applications have been introduced so far in this field, but the number of those available to the public is still insufficient. Thus, there is a need to expand the usability and accessibility of BCI applications. In this study, we introduce a BCI application for users to experience a virtual world tour. This software was built on three open-source environments and is publicly available through the GitHub repository. For a usability test, 10 healthy subjects participated in an electroencephalography (EEG) experiment and evaluated the system through a questionnaire. As a result, all the participants successfully played the BCI application with 96.6% accuracy with 20 blinks from two sessions and gave opinions on its usability (e.g., controllability, completeness, comfort, and enjoyment) through the questionnaire. We believe that this open-source BCI world tour system can be used in both research and entertainment settings and hopefully contribute to open science in the BCI field.

Introduction

Brain–computer interfaces are a form of technology that enables direct communication between humans and a computer through brain oscillation. Since it can improve the quality of life for disabled patients by providing a new communication channel, it has been given much attention and subsequently advanced over the last 40 years ( Schmidt, 1980 ; Georgopoulos et al., 1986 ; Farwell and Donchin, 1988 ; Wolpaw et al., 2000 ; Curran and Stokes, 2003 ; Lotte et al., 2007 ; Nicolas-Alonso and Gomez-Gil, 2012 ; Hamedi et al., 2016 ; Abiri et al., 2019 ).

The P300 BCI is a paradigm popularly used in brain–computer interface (BCI) development ( Fazel-Rezai et al., 2012 ). This paradigm uses the P300 component, which is a positive response raised about 300 msec after the presentation of an odd stimulus. Indeed, numerous studies have shown the feasibility of utilizing the P300 BCI with patients (e.g., patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ALS) and healthy subjects to communicate. For example, the P300 speller has been used as a tool to measure the performance of the P300 BCI system to see if the system can be used by ALS patients ( Nijboer et al., 2008 ; Guy et al., 2018 ), to unveil the cognitive characteristics (e.g., temporal differences in visual stimulus processing compared with healthy people) of patients ( Riccio et al., 2018 ), or to confirm the efficacy of the system to many people ( Guger et al., 2009 ). The P300 speller, a brainwave-based typewriter that uses the P300 BCI paradigm, usually consists of rows and columns with alphabetic/numeric characters and detects the intended character of the user based on the elicited P300 component by flashing rows/columns ( Farwell and Donchin, 1988 ; Won et al., 2019 ). This system has several advantages. First, it shows a relatively high and stable performance (or information transfer rate), especially compared with motor imagery BCI ( Guger et al., 2009 ; Cho et al., 2017 ; Won et al., 2019 ). The MI paradigm showed large variation in performances across subjects and users ( Lee et al., 2019 ). Second, it provides an intuitive user interface (UI); what a user sees is what should be spelled. Third, it is designed for a communication purpose that meets the needs of patients (especially locked-in patients). Because of these advantages, the P300 speller has become a standard BCI application and has been used in investigating various research topics such as performance improvement (e.g., classification accuracy or information transfer rate) ( Fazel-Rezai et al., 2012 ), the low-performance phenomenon called “BCI-illiteracy” ( Carabalona, 2017 ; Won et al., 2019 ), calibration-less BCI ( Lee et al., 2020 ), patient study ( Guy et al., 2018 ; Velasco-Álvarez et al., 2019 ), and UI/UX in BCIs such as stimulation type ( Guan et al., 2004 ), clustering of several characters ( Fazel-Rezai and Abhari, 2009 ), 3D cubes ( Qu et al., 2018 ), and facial based cues ( Jin et al., 2012 ). Indeed, researchers have made great achievements and advancements with the P300 BCI speller. Moreover, considering that commercialized P300 BCI speller systems are in the market, it seems that the BCI application is already in the daily lives of people.

However, there are still issues to be considered for executing practical BCI applications. While BCI is often used with the disabled, the number of accessible applications is limited. Moreover, usability on the user side is sometimes overlooked in the research and development of BCIs. Usability is related to the ease and convenience of a given system to help the user achieve the desired goal and is also associated with an index of satisfaction ( ISO 9241-11 , 1998 ). Often, the available resources provided limit the user to a specific domain ( Donchin et al., 2000 ). For example, the P300 speller is used as the standard for measuring the performance of the P300 BCI algorithm and signal-processing techniques. No matter how algorithms and signal processing techniques are developed, the end goal is for the application to effectively work for a specific purpose to meet the needs of users. Since the P300 speller is designed for typing characters, not playing games or surfing the internet, it is necessary to expand the available domain by developing new applications while simultaneously conducting research on suitable algorithms and signal processing techniques. Therefore, attention should also be paid to increasing the types of BCI applications and listening to the feedback of users while making great efforts to improve the performance of the BCI system ( Ahn et al., 2014 ). Considering the limited mobility of potential BCI users, expanding the areas from communication to entertainment, hobbies, and daily work-related tasks is important.

Fortunately, recent studies have introduced various types of applications to the BCI field (see Table 1 ). Traditional targets (e.g., wheelchair and computer cursor) are often used for controls in research, but new BCI innovations are being researched, such as the exoskeleton ( Frolov et al., 2017 ; Wang et al., 2018a ), drone ( Wang et al., 2018b ), web browser ( Zickler et al., 2011 ; Yu et al., 2012 ; Saboor et al., 2018 ), emailing ( Zickler et al., 2011 ), and cleaning robot ( Shao et al., 2020 ). In addition, the BCI field has produced more games, such as the traditional Tetris ( Wang et al., 2019 ), action ( Coyle et al., 2015 ) and games that stimulate rowing ( Vourvopoulos et al., 2016 ), cart control ( Wong et al., 2015 ), attention training ( Rohani and Puthusserypady, 2015 ), as well as drawing ( Botrel et al., 2015 ). In addition to the emergence of several applications, methods have been proposed to enhance usability and accessibility that should be considered for the development of BCIs for patients in terms of user-centered design (UCD) ( Kübler et al., 2020 ).

Table 1 . BCI application contents, paradigm, and platform.

Although the future of BCI looks very bright, an important complication hinders its progression. Over decades, applications of various themes have appeared, but these applications have not become widely accessible. To be exact, most BCI applications published in the literature are often closed (not shared) and documentations, such as user or developer manuals, are rarely created and provided. Thus, generally, these applications are not usable to other researchers.

From the point-of-view of the BCI researcher, this trend is fully understood, because application development is enormously expensive. In particular, the development of the P300 BCI application requires an extensive investment of time and effort for three main reasons. First, because it must operate online, the performance of the module responsible for data measurement and signal processing must be optimized for speed and accuracy. This is a common issue related to online application development. Second, because how well the P300 component is detected on the system determines the effectiveness of the application, it is necessary to search optimal parameters for stimulation (e.g., target-to-target interval, inter-stimulus interval, physical property, the distance between stimuli, and appropriate luminance of the stimulus for avoiding afterimage) under a given system design and apply it to the module in charge of the graphical user interface. Third, optimal bi-directional communication should be implemented to minimize the stimulus time lag and overall system delay that occur, as each module exchanges marker information. Because of costs, it is natural for a developer to accumulate results by conducting several studies using just his own application. However, when all developers do this, such large cost creates a high barrier for nonexperts, and the subsequent delay in research progress, consequently, may serve as a serious bottleneck that hinders the development of the BCI field. Therefore, just as developing the BCI application with new contents is important, sharing it with the research community is also crucial to expanding the field. We expect that diversifying application types will increase the efficiency of BCI research and ultimately contribute to leading the advancement of BCI.

So far, the obstacles that hinder the development of the current BCI have been mentioned, and methods to solve them have been suggested. Now is the time to take action on this. The aim of this study is not to propose a novel signal-processing algorithm or provide a consumer-grade application but instead introduce an open-source-based BCI application that can be easily reused and customized by BCI researchers at minimal costs (saving time, no need for platform charge). In this study, we developed a BCI world tour system (WTS) where a user can choose a touristic destination (country or city) and watch a movie that essentially takes them on a visual tour of the destination.

The P300 speller is appropriate for communication, but sometimes entertainment application is overlooked. Considering the limited mobility of the end users, providing various applications, such as entertainment, is important. Especially, it is unimaginable for them to travel in their limited circumstances. With this motivation, we chose virtual travel as the theme, which could help the end user to acquire travel experiences on their own, and contribute to enhance their self-efficacy, which is important for improving the quality of life ( Bandura, 2010 ). Thus, we believe that the developed system could be meaningful for some end users (e.g., in the locked-in state) and also useful for other researchers. This application was built on three open source codes, and all the codes and detailed user manual are available in the Github repository ( BCILab, 2020 ). Thus, anyone can access and use the application for their own purpose for free.

The following sections are organized as follows: In “Materials And Methods” section, we explain the development environment and scenario of the WTS as well as the experiment methods. The results from the questionnaire survey and performance from the online experiment are presented in “Results” section. Finally, further issues, such as the limitation of WTS, will be discussed in “Discussion” section.

Materials and Methods

Application development, open source used.

WTS operates through the interaction of three open source codes, which give us a competitive edge in terms of portability, scalability, online performance, and UI quality. They are OpenViBE, Python, and Unity 3D. Detailed information is as follows.

• OpenViBE for overall integration and scalability: an open-source software platform specialized for integrating various components of the BCI ( Renard et al., 2010 ), OpenViBE enables real-time acquisition, preprocessing, classification, and visualization of brain waves. The scenarios can be designed using function boxes, allowing users to design experiments more intuitively. Through this, portability was obtained in the process of collecting and processing the EEG signal and synchronizing it with the target application. Furthermore, OpenViBE is compatible with various EEG devices; thus, a device can be easily changed with minimal cost. However, there is also limitation. OpenViBE supports only Window or Linux operating systems; thus, it is hard to implement a BCI application running on mobile environment.

• Python for signal processing: a Python scripting box provided by OpenViBE was used in this system. In addition, scikit-learn, a state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms package, was used for signal processing and classification analysis ( Pedregosa et al., 2011 ).

• Unity 3D for application: a game engine ( https://unity3d.com ) widely used in 3D game development, architectural visualizations, and real-time 3D animations. Under the integrated development and execution environment, developers can easily develop and debug applications. Since it supports multiple platforms, the application can be extended to various versions (Android, iOS, and personal computer).

Game Scenario and Contents

We wanted to give an indirect travel experience and provide control to the user. Thus, we designed the WTS to have options for the user to choose through the BCI and to provide an interesting content (e.g., video). In this sense, the WTS provides the names of countries or cities on the screen. For the purpose of the study, the destinations were chosen manually. However, the WTS is customizable, and the cities and contents can be changed by the developer or researchers for their own purpose.

Each step is limited to six commands to be the most suitable for human–computer interaction (HCI). Since cities are dependent on a specific continent, the system was designed with a region-based approach, so that users can more intuitively select the city they want. Therefore, we used a hybrid of the region-based paradigm and the single display paradigm that we mentioned earlier. Thirty-six target touristic places are selected and categorized into six continents, as shown in Table 2 . The user interface was designed to have two steps. The first is choosing a continent and the second step is place selection, which is initiated right after the first step. To provide the information of the chosen place, we used short video clips available through the internet. The detailed list of videos is available in the WTS GitHub repository.

Table 2 . Continents and touristic places used in the WTS.

BCI Paradigm and Parameters

The WTS follows the conventional visual-evoked P300 BCI paradigm where target and non-target stimuli flicker in a randomized order ( Squires et al., 1975 ; Katayama and Polich, 1996 ; Tarkka and Stokic, 1998 ; Strüber and Polich, 2002 ; Polich, 2007 ), while the BCI system processes the real-time EEG signal and detects the intended target.

A clearer P300 component is beneficial for maximum BCI performance, so it is necessary to set the optimal environment for this, namely the strength of the stimulus (e.g., brightness in the visual stimulus) and the time between the stimuli as well as the UI of the system to which the stimulus is given. In each step of the developed application, there are six stimuli—one target and five nontargets. This total is far smaller than the 36 in the conventional 6-by-6 P300 BCI speller, making the target-to-target interval (TTI) too short. This can be advantageous from a practical point of view by allowing the user to make quick selections. In addition, by adjusting the distance between adjacent commands, it is possible to classify targets in a shorter time, solving the problem of adjacencies being wrongfully detected as targets. However, reduction in average TTI may also lead to a smaller P300 amplitude ( Fitzgerald and Picton, 1984 ; Polich, 1990 ; Gonsalvez and Polich, 2002 ) and may hinder the formation of prominent features of target epochs. This consequently causes degradation of performance in the BCI. Since the aim of this study is also to show the feasibility of the developed system, we simply used 20 for the number of blinks per stimulus to gain upper bound classification performance. Although the number of blinks in the WTS is greater than that of the P300 speller (normally 15 or fewer), the selection time for each step takes the same time as typing a character with the P300 speller. The inter-stimulus interval (ISI) is set to 187.5 ms (stimulus interval: 125 ms + blink time: 62.5 ms), which is the same as that of the conventional P300 Speller. However, the time for each selection is too long, making the system impractical. Thus, we performed offline analysis to obtain the optimal blink number, which we discuss in “Results” section.

TCP/IP Communication

For communication between OpenViBE to Unity 3D, TCP/IP was employed. OpenViBE provides a communication method called “TCP Tagging” that is reliable and gives the minimum overheads to the application ( Foy, 2016 ). The WTS uses this protocol to send and receive messages between the OpenViBE and Unity 3D applications. We implemented the TCP/IP client code of Unity3d as concisely as possible to enable faster and more stable communication.

Application Evaluation

To evaluate the developed application, we conducted an EEG experiment with healthy participants. The BCI performance, EEG data, and opinions of users were collected for further analysis. This section describes the details of the experimental design and analysis procedure.

Participants

Ten healthy subjects participated in this experiment. Seven participants were female, and the average age of all the participants was 23.2 ± 1.72 years. The study was approved by the Public Institutional Bioethics Committee designated by the MOHW (P01-201812-11-004), and all the participants signed the consent form and were given information on the experiment and their rights before the experiment began.

Each experiment took about 50 min and consisted of a training session for generating the classifier and two subsequent online sessions where the subjects played the application with given targets. The subjects sat in front of a 27-inch LED monitor and were asked to follow the instructions. Each session started with a resting state recording block. This block consisted of open and closed eye conditions, each lasting 1 min. Both were conducted with relaxed bodies, and in the open eye condition, the subject was instructed to stare at the fixation cross on the screen. The training session consisted of presenting the subject with six buttons labeled with numbers 1–6, and each button was sequentially targeted and randomly flashed 30 times. This produced 180 target and 900 nontarget epochs. Based on the collected EEG signals, the classifier was constructed.

In the two subsequent online sessions, the subject played the application. The goal was to choose the instructed continent and touristic destination in order to watch its corresponding 10-s video. Each session consisted of six trials, and each trial started with the subject choosing first the target continent and then the target destination. The target continents and touristic places were randomly selected and provided to the subject as an instruction on the top of the screen. The only difference from the training session is that each button flashed 20 times. Once the place was selected, the video clip was played, and the next trial was initiated at the end of the video. Over two online sessions, the subject watched 12 movies of 12 touristic destinations, and this procedure produced 480 target and 2,400 nontarget epochs. The procedure of the experiment is further described in Figure 1 . In both the training and online sessions, each subject was asked to look at the target stimulus and count the number of blinks. In addition, all sounds were muted, since unexpected or annoying sounds may distract the overall experiment.

Figure 1 . Experimental procedure.

Questionnaire

Pre- and post-experimental questionnaires were given to the subjects to evaluate the practical issues of the WTS from the perspective of the user. Questionnaire items were implemented in a Unity 3D environment to help each subject complete it easily and comfortably, and the results of the questionnaire were saved in an electronic text file for data analysis.

Since the aim of this evaluation is to collect the user feedback on how they accept this application, we designed naïve question items, which give us information about each part of the system. Thus, we did not construct any hypothesis. Basically, we referred to two published articles ( Cho et al., 2017 ; Lee et al., 2019 ), and question items were organized according to a study ( Cho et al., 2017 ) that collected BCI data from 52 subjects. Some items were adopted from the study, and we also added specific questions about the experience of the user with the application (e.g., Follow, Control, Enjoyment, and Completeness in Table 3 ). The items in each questionnaire are described below.

Table 3 . Items of pre/post questionnaires.

The pre-experiment questionnaire included questions focused on general information (e.g., history of neurological/mental disease, hours elapsed since smoking/drinking, hours slept the previous night), previous experience in a BCI experiment, and self-assessed scores of depression, mood, and expectation of the application in a 5-point Likert scale.

The question items in the post-experiment questionnaire were designed to assess application usability and gather opinions of the subjects. These questions ask the subjects to evaluate instructions of the experiment, controllability of the application, adequacy of playing time, and appropriateness of the surrounding environment. Finally, questions concerning the overall completeness of the WTS and enjoyment of the subject were asked to measure satisfaction. Additional details about the question-and-answer format of the pre/post questionnaires are listed in Table 3 .

Data Acquisition and Processing

For EEG acquisition, we used the Biosemi Active Two system (with 32 channels, 2,048 Hz sampling rate). During the experiment, these 32 electrodes were attached to the scalp of the subject according to the international standard 10–20 System ( Jasper, 1958 ), and the brain signals were recorded from 32 locations (FP1, AF3, F7, F3, FC1, FC5, FC6, FC2, F4, F8, AF4, FP2, Fz, C3, CP1, CP5, CP6, CP2, C4, Cz, P7, P3, Pz, PO3, PO4, P4, P8, T7, T8, O1, Oz, and O2).

All EEG data acquired during the training session were used to construct a classifier that was used in the two subsequent online sessions. The procedure of the signal processing is presented in Figure 2 .

Figure 2 . Procedure of the signal processing.

First, the raw EEG was down-sampled from 2,048 to 512 Hz and re-referenced by the common average reference. This signal was spectrally (0.5–10 Hz) and temporally filtered (200–600 ms based on cue onset) to extract the only interesting section of the signal. Then, baseline correction and down-sampling to 128 Hz were performed. The amplitudes of each epoch over all 32 channels were converted into a long feature vector and the significant features were determined through the stepwise feature selection with the ordinary least square method ( p < 0.05). In the training session, the selected amplitude features were used to train a linear classifier. In the online sessions, the same process was followed to produce a long-feature vector consisting of selected amplitudes overall time and channels. Then, this feature vector was fed into the constructed classifier in the training session. The classifier output for each blink has a hard label of 0 (nontarget) or 1 (target). All the outputs from the classifier across the blinks were summed per button, and a selection (place) with the highest value was chosen as a target. In this procedure, no artefact detection or rejection was performed; thus, all the epochs were used in the following analysis.

Each subject played 24 selections (six continents and six place selections in each session) during the two online sessions. We counted the number of selections that were correctly classified through EEG and used the percentage value obtained by dividing the number of total selections as a final online performance. In each selection process, there were six stimuli and 20 epochs per stimulus, resulting in a total of 120 epochs (target: 20, nontarget: 100). The number of epochs per stimulus is tremendously important for the system response time. Thus, we also investigated accuracy by decreasing the different number of epochs (or blinks of each stimulus) per selection. To calculate the simulated accuracy, we first set N as the number of epochs that were used in the classification. Then N number of epochs were randomly selected from all the epochs in each selection and evaluated for target versus nontarget classification. This process was repeated 10 times and consequently yielded 10 accuracy estimates over the selection problems. Finally, the offline accuracy for N was calculated by averaging the 10 estimates. We calculated the offline accuracy with different Ns, which were 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20.

BCI World Tour System

All of the source codes and documents for the WTS can be found in the Github repository ( BCILab, 2020 ). In addition, the repository includes the user manual of the application, so that any developer or researcher can easily modify and play the WTS for research or entertainment purposes. In the following section, we describe the developed application using state and system diagrams.

Figure 3 describes a state diagram of the developed application. The system starts with the initial state and the username is input. Then, the resting and training scenes are started. Once the training mode is completed, then the user can play through the play (online) mode. In the online mode, the map is positioned in the background, and the stimuli indicating the continents and touristic places are overlaid. To provide the new travel experience to the user, the background scene was designed to have touristic images (e.g., sky, airplane, world map, and tourist sites). However, during selection, the background changes to the same dark blue screen used in the training session.

Figure 3 . The WTS state diagram.

The application viewed from the side of the developer is as follows: in the online mode, the user looks at the target stimulus to choose a continent while all the six stimuli randomly blink. Whenever a stimulus blinks, this moment is marked and transmitted to the Python module in OpenViBE. When the blinking period is done, the pre-trained stepwise linear discriminant analysis (SWLDA) algorithm from the training mode classifies the given EEG signal and determines the continent. Based on the predicted continent, Unity 3D switches from the continental scene to the corresponding destination scene. Subsequently, the scene presents the new map of the chosen continent and the stimuli of six locations (country or city). Once a target place is determined by the same procedure used in continent selection, the corresponding video is played. The system diagram of the WTS is shown in Figure 4 .

Figure 4 . The WTS system diagram.

The WTS has the following features. First, it works with various EEG devices, because OpenViBE supports many different EEG devices. Second, customized algorithms can be used. OpenViBE provides a box “Python Scripting” that allows it to execute Python code ( Bonnet, 2012 ). The box is used to process data entering, preprocessing, and leaving OpenViBE. This means that any algorithm implemented in Python can be reused in the WTS. Although SWLDA was used in this study for evaluation, developers can implement their own algorithm in Python script and use it for the main signal-processing code in the WTS. The sample code for signal processing is provided in the WTS repository. Third, video clips can be updated. Since the video source is independently managed, it can be replaced by longer, shorter, or even different multimedia sources. By updating the video sources, playing may provide different experiences.

Experimental Results

None of the subjects had a neurological or mental disease, and three of them (S1, S5, S6) have previous experiences with the P300 experiment. The mean sleeping time was 5.15 h per night. None of the subjects smoked a cigarette, and only a subject (S4) consumed alcohol 10 h before the experiment. In the following section, the results from the questionnaire survey and online session are presented.

Questionnaire Results

The results of the questionnaires that were answered during the experiment are shown in Table 4 . The subjects answered with an average score of 4.3 ± 0.78 (Expectation) for the pre-experimental question about the expectation of the WTS and an average score of 3 ± 1 (Enjoyment) for the post-experimental question about whether it was fun. The mood of the subjects before the experiment was close to neutral, showing an average score of 3, while it decreased to 2.5 ± 0.67 after the experiment. The subjects responded with average scores of 4.2 ± 0.87 for Follow and 4.6 ± 0.8 for Control, 3.1 ± 1.3 for Completeness, and 4.4 ± 0.92 for Comfort. When asked about the overall length of the application, they answered with an average score of 3.4 ± 0.49, which is slightly higher than 3 (Neutral). For more details, please refer to the discussion section.

Table 4 . Questionnaire results.

Results From Online Experiment

Ten subjects successfully participated in one training and two online sessions. As we have mentioned previously, the EEG signals acquired during the training session were first analyzed, and then the classifier was constructed. Figure 5A is the picture of a representative subject in a prior pilot experiment. Figure 5B shows the target and nontarget ERP signals at the Cz channel averaged over epochs. Along with the Pz channel, the Cz channel is known for dominant occurrence of P3a ( Johnson Jr, 1993 ). P3a is a subcomponent of P300 that occurs in the perceptual process when the P300 component is divided into perceptual and cognitive processes ( Polich, 2007 ). To ensure that there is a significant difference between target and nontarget amplitudes in training data, the permutation test was performed (parametric two-sided t -test, alpha 0.05, 10,000 iterations) and false discovery rate (FDR) correction was performed (family-wise error rate = 0.05) for multiple testing correction ( Benjamini and Yekutieli, 2005 ). As shown, significant clusters appeared in the ERP of all subjects except one (S8).

Figure 5. (A) Pictures of training and online sessions from one representative subject in prior pilot experiment. (B) Averaged ERP signals at the Cz channel in the training session. Each plot shows the mean and standard error of the signal. In addition, positive and negative areas showing significant difference between target and nontarget epochs are shown at the bottom of each figure.

In the online sessions, the accuracy of each session was calculated. The subjects achieved a 95.8% average in the first session and 98.3% in the second session. The overall average accuracy was 96.6%. All subjects successfully played online sessions and eight subjects achieved 100%. The detailed accuracy for each subject is summarized in Table 5 .

Table 5 . Classification results from two online sessions.

Offline Analysis

We conducted two offline analyses to check the significant channels and the influence of the number of blinks on BCI performance. The number of selected features during the training session varied across the subjects. Thus, to examine the significant channels, we simply counted the number of selected features per channel. This procedure provides a histogram per subject. By summing up the histograms across all the subjects, we could obtain the result representing the degree of contribution to classification per channel. Figure 6 represents the summed counts across all the subjects. As a result, an increasing tendency from frontal to occipital areas is observed. When checking the midline channels, this tendency becomes clearer (Fz < Cz < Pz < Oz), which means that parieto-occipital channels are the main contributor in ERP classification.

Figure 6 . Channel significance. The number of selected features per channel was summed across subjects. The channels are presented from frontal to occipital lobe for better visibility. The midline channels (Fz, Cz, Pz, and Oz) are marked with blue bar.

An offline analysis was conducted to see if a smaller number of blinks per stimulus also work with reasonable accuracy. We checked the classification accuracy and information transfer rate (ITR) by changing the number of blinks from 1 to 20 (maximum). The result is shown in Table 6 . It was revealed that the accuracy increases with a higher number of blinks, averaging 48.87, 76.5, 89.95, 93.7, and 96.66% for N = 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20, respectively. These increases were significant ( p < 0.05, by Wilcoxon signed-rank test), but ITR peaks at N = 5 and the statistical test revealed that there is a significant difference ( p < 0.05) between every pair except for N = 5 and N = 10 ( p > 0.05).

Table 6 . Accuracy results across a different number of blinks.

In this study, we introduced an open-source BCI application, which uses the P300 BCI control paradigm. Through experiment and survey, we demonstrated the reasonable performance of this system and provided the opinion of the user. However, there are issues to discuss and limitations to the current version of the WTS. In the following subsection, we discuss several points observed in the results about the survey and online/offline analysis. Also, we present the potential limitations of this WTS and suggest future directions.

Questionnaire Study

Most BCI studies focus on system performance (e.g., classification accuracy), while the subjective opinion of BCI application is overlooked. However, because subjects are the potential users of BCI applications, their opinions are valuable to evaluate the overall usability of a BCI application and further improving the system. Some studies have used questionnaires to learn how users feel about BCI systems ( Allison, 2009 ; Guger et al., 2009 ; Fazel-Rezai et al., 2012 ; Ahn et al., 2014 , 2018 ). In this study, we also used questionnaires to collect personal information of subjects, system usability, and mood/enjoyment of users. Depending on the goal of the evaluation, the question items may vary, but we think that some general question items may be still useful in evaluating BCI applications. We suggest the following: (1) personal information (e.g., age, sex, BCI experience, disease history, and sleep hours); (2) system side (e.g., controllability, response time, overall completeness, UI/UX, and instruction); and (3) user side (e.g., mood, enjoyment, fear, difficulty, familiarity, expectation, and satisfaction). Perhaps, there may be more items, but we believe that considering these three categories together will help to better understand the opinions of users and ultimately further improve BCI applications.

Opinions of the subjects were obtained through the questionnaire items, and we can conclude the following based on the scores: Expectation is high, while Completeness and Enjoyment were not. As mentioned earlier, usability also includes helping a given system achieve the goals that users crave, so to optimize the usability of the system, it must contain what the user wants to achieve. The high expectation score supports that the WTS satisfies this condition. Thus, the WTS may need to be improved in UI/UX rather than system performance to increase user satisfaction. For example, the city video playback time was limited to 10 s for a smooth and short experiment and the content may not be satisfying to users. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the UI, video clips, button selection speed, etc. so that it can be more familiar to users.

Next, because Control and online accuracy are higher than Follow, it can be assumed that the WTS is effectively using the BCI system to reflect the intention of the user. Since the P300 epoch shown in Figure 5 formed through the preprocessing process preserves the positive and negative components shown in the previous study ( Polich, 2007 ), we think it has cleared the doubt of readers about the high system accuracy. Finally, for the question concerning the length of playing time, most of the subjects were not satisfied, sharing that they found the response time to be too long and somewhat boring. Therefore, offline analysis was performed to reduce the number of blinks; and in the next version, the reduced number of blinks can be used to shorten the system response time. However, the approach of the survey may be limited, since it was designed to measure simple opinion. Thus, some points might be missed. We think that the feedback of users is valuable information to update a BCI system. Also, certain guidelines for system design ( Jeunet et al., 2018 ) or training protocol ( Mladenović, 2021 ) would be considered from the initial phase of developing a new BCI application.

Improving Response Time

In the experiment, we used 20 blinks per stimulus, which led to a long response time—about 30.5 s for a selection. An offline analysis was performed to obtain a reasonable number of blinks. Ideally, the number should be small enough to shorten the response time but also yield good performance for use in a BCI. In Table 6 , the average classification accuracy close to 90% is obtained at N = 10, and it yields 17.75 s for the response time for a selection in the WTS. On the other hand, ITR is relatively high at N = 5 and N = 10. Statistical test revealed that the two cases are not significantly different in ITR, but accuracy is statistically higher in N = 10 than in N = 5. Interestingly, six subjects already exceeded 90% at N = 10, and two subjects were close to 90%. Considering these results, we may choose N = 10, since it shows a relatively good ITR and high classification accuracy that is around 90%. Then, we can reduce the response time of the WTS by almost half. A more flexible approach rather than fixing the number of flashes can be used as introduced in Thomas et al. (2014) to efficiently running BCI with the aim of shortening the response time, or other control paradigms, such as steady state visual evoked potential (SSVEP), can be used for faster response time. However, visual fatigue should be considered before using it. SSVEP may cause more eye (or other modality) fatigue than the P300 because of persistent stimulation ( Cao et al., 2014 ).

Improving Performance

There is another thing to note about the offline analysis results: The number of required blinks for good BCI performance seemed to vary across subjects. This may be related to the variation of ERP peaks across subjects ( Won et al., 2019 ). In various studies, performance variation is one of the issues to be resolved ( Guger et al., 2003 , 2009 , 2012 ; Ahn et al., 2013 , 2018 ; Ahn and Jun, 2015 ; Cho et al., 2015 ), so an in-depth analysis of this observation should be done to understand it in more detail. As noted in Data Acquisition and Processing section, no artefact rejection was performed in the system; thus, we believe that introducing a better machine learning technique or artefact rejection may help to improve the performance while decreasing the number of blinks for shorter response time and reduce the performance gap between subjects ( Xiao et al., 2019 ).

User Adaptation

Table 5 presents the online accuracy of each session. Interestingly, a subject (S5) showed very different accuracies of 66% in the first and 91% in the second session. Since the SWLDA algorithm used in the WTS is not adaptively updated during online sessions, we interpret that the subject might adapt to the WTS. In other words, this result suggests that some users need time to get used to playing a certain BCI. However, the number of subjects who show this tendency and the required length should be investigated with more cases and UX issues in the BCI application. Furthermore, the standardized experimental protocols may be helpful for understanding or minimizing the performance variability among participants ( Mladenović, 2021 ).

Limitations and Future Study

Although we demonstrated the applicability of the WTS, there are still limitations from a practical viewpoint. First, the number of commands that can be selected for each step is limited. Although there are only six continents, each continent has numerous cities. Therefore, we can increase the number of cities to choose from for each step. Since this system is open-source, it will be possible to increase commands for cities. However, as mentioned in Materials and Methods section, as the number of commands increases, the distance between adjacent commands becomes shorter, and an error in which they are misclassified as targets may occur. There are several studies that can help increase the number of commands (up to 100) while decreasing their size, so it is worth considering in future research ( Xu et al., 2018 , 2020 ).

Second, in the current version, the interaction between a user and the system is somewhat limited. There is no “move-back” or “pause” command. This means users should wait until the end of a selected video being played. In this sense, the system may be considered as not dynamical. Currently, the WTS is open to the public, thus touristic videos/names or command buttons can be changed for the purpose of the study by updating video files or source codes. However, the limitation of the interaction process in the current version should be considered before the actual use of the system and ultimately updated to provide better user-friendly UI/UX in the future.

Third, as a typical BCI application, the WTS also requires training time for generating a classifier to be used in the online session. However, this is one of the major obstacles hindering the progress of BCI applications. To be a more practical application, the training mode should be minimized or removed. Numerous studies are underway in the field to construct this general classifier ( Kindermans et al., 2014a , b ; Verhoeven et al., 2017 ; Eldeib et al., 2018 ; Lee et al., 2020 ). Usually, however, a general classifier requires a significant number of data samples, which can be achieved through transfer learning using data from one domain for another. Also, more complex machine learning algorithms (such as random forest, convolutional neural network, ensemble classifier) may be beneficial. In the future, we will also collect a large sample and investigate various models with the aim of achieving a calibration-less BCI application.

Fourth, the experiment was aimed at testing the system as a whole and performed with healthy subjects. We believe that the collected user feedback could be used in updating the system and this is also important. However, the system should be tested with the potential target group (e.g., patients) to understand the practical issues. This is beyond the scope of the present study, and we will consider this issue in future work. In addition, the current questionnaire was designed to simply confirm the opinion on the application using limited objective indicators. Thus, the result is somewhat limited in a sense like comparing with other BCI applications. A more systematic standard approach should be considered for system evaluation in the future ( Lund, 2001 ).

Another limitation is that we only tested the WTS with a high-quality research purpose EEG device. However, considering that the BCI application should be easy enough for a naïve user to play with minimal knowledge and effort, the WTS should also be evaluated with devices with consumer-grade (cheap, easy, and possibly lesser channels) devices or dry electrodes.

Conclusions

We pointed out problems in the current BCI field and drew a big picture that may help the field to move forward. Also, we introduced a world tour system that is an open-source-based BCI application. The applicability of the WTS has been proven with an online experiment and questionnaire survey. All the codes and user manual for the WTS can be found in the GitHub repository. Thus, researchers and developers can easily use it for their own purposes because it comes with minimum costs (saving time, no need for platform charge). We hope that the arguments and the application will contribute to the BCI field, and ultimately, make many practical BCI applications emerge.

Data Availability Statement

The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation.

Ethics Statement

The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by the Public Institutional Bioethics Committee designated by the MOHW. The patients/participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study.

Author Contributions

SW, SC, DL, and MA: conceptualization. SW and SC: methodology. SW, SC, DL, and HK: software. HK and SW: questionnaire contents. SW: validation. SW and DG: investigation. JL: data curation. SW and MA: writing—original draft preparation, writing—review and editing, visualization, and project administration. MA: supervision. All the authors have read and approved the published version of the manuscript.

This research was funded by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) (Grant No: 2019R1F1A1058844) and National Program for Excellence in Software at Handong Global University (Grant No: 2017-0-00130).

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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Keywords: P300, brain–computer interface, open-source application, serious game, usability

Citation: Woo S, Lee J, Kim H, Chun S, Lee D, Gwon D and Ahn M (2021) An Open Source-Based BCI Application for Virtual World Tour and Its Usability Evaluation. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 15:647839. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.647839

Received: 30 December 2020; Accepted: 16 June 2021; Published: 19 July 2021.

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*Correspondence: Minkyu Ahn, minkyuahn@handong.edu

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Brain-Computer Interfaces for Non-clinical (Home, Sports, Art, Entertainment, Education, Well-being) Applications

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10 virtual travel apps for oculus/meta quest 2.

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10 Intimidating Thor Quotes That Prove He's Nothing Like the MCU Version

Little kitty, big city review: "the best cat simulator on the market", crow country review: "an atmospheric throwback to genre classics".

Travel is a major goal for many people, but it can be inaccessible even in the best of times because of financial and mobility-related barriers. As unfortunate as it is, some people may never have the chance to visit all the places they want to. But VR allows its users to not only explore virtual worlds but also get a better understanding of their own.

Between 360-degree breakdowns of the world, guided tour videos, and documentaries, VR allows people to get closer to the places of their dreams than was previously possible. Many travel apps even include interactive features, so the users can feel like they're actually able to connect with different cultures and topography. As systems like the Oculus/ Meta Quest 2 become more widely available, and as programmers and cinematographers put more effort into advancing the technologies, travel will truly be possible without having to leave home.

Traveling While Black

Traveling While Black is an Emmy-nominated VR experience that talks about the process of traveling, specifically focusing on the barriers that have been put in place for Black populations, in history and in the present. The experience takes advantage of every benefit VR offers, which helps its message connect with the audience.

While this is not a documentary that focuses on the freedom of VR, it does try to get its users to think outside their own bodies and life experiences to see how other people can be limited in their own freedom. It tells an incredibly important story, which deserves to be heard by those who have now gained a deeper level of freedom through the digital realm.

For those looking for a way to walk around the world, Wander is the app to download. The app's primary function is to allow users to navigate the world similarly to Google Maps' StreetView, allowing them to enter an address and be transported to that spot. This can be a great way to explore new areas or look back on places you used to live.

In addition to immersive imagery, users can use the historical jumping feature to see what different areas looked like over the years. Many famous landmarks even have the ability to be explored from the inside, giving users the feeling that they're really there.

BRINK Traveler

BRINK Traveler gives users the ability to see some of the most amazing places on Earth from the comfort of their own homes. While there are currently only 17 locations for users to visit, the additional features make each one a true travel experience that may push them to travel in real life as well .

Virtual guides can explain the features and history of each spot, and an in-app camera allows users to take all the pictures they would want if they were to visit in person. Another great feature is the ability to travel in multiplayer mode, which lets users meet up with friends from anywhere while getting a remarkable view at the same time.

OtherSight is one of the most interactive travel apps out there because it specifically focused on including usable objects in every location. Currently, users only have the option of going to four different locations, but there's a lot that they can do at each one.

Users can visit churches, streets, and museums and really get a sense of how it feels to be there. The scale, texture, and movement qualities of interactive features are especially well done. While this is a fairly limited app at the moment, the developers are working on new locations, which can provide future explorations.

The Ocean might not be the first place people think of when they try to imagine their travel plans, but it is one of the great untapped resources on Earth. There is far more to be seen and discovered in the Ocean than there is on land, and Ocean Rift gives users the chance to explore that realm.

There are 14 different habitats to explore, which can be used as an educational program or one for relaxation, depending on the settings. The sea creatures are extremely detailed, and users can actually interact with many of them, giving the perspective of a true underwater safari. However, those with a fear of the ocean and its creatures may find some modes a little too realistic for their comfort level.

Blueplanet VR Explore

Blueplanet VR Explore is one of the most expensive travel apps, but that's in part because it is so extensive. The app allows its users to travel to 40 different cultural sites, with some offering the ability to interact with the landscape or even hang glide over it.

One of the best qualities of this app is the spacial breakdown, where users can truly explore the location. It is a physically navigable terrain, which creates a greater level of immersion than standard point-and-click systems. The one downside to the app, beyond its price, is that it takes up a lot of space, requiring a lot of memory and a strong internet signal while downloading.

Alcove is not technically a travel app, but it does offer a number of virtual tour experiences for free. The app itself is a virtual home, where users can download different in-app features depending on their interests. The travel features do include a number of tours on the ground, under the sea, and even in the sky, narrated by some of the most thorough guides available in VR.

The limitation of the app is that each experience is entirely pre-determined. There are no interactive features that would make it more immersive. However, given that it is free and has such incredible visual quality, that might be a sacrifice worth making.

National Geographic Explore VR

National Geographic Explore VR is a highly-interactive app that allows users to take on the role of a National Geographic photographer. They have the ability to travel to Machu Pichu or Antarctica, where they can navigate the landscape and take pictures of the many sights to see.

Users feel the strain of rowing boats and climbing cliffs, which makes for a more immersive experience . However, the quest is fairly pre-programmed, which means that individual decision-making is only possible in the pictures a user takes rather than in the experience as a whole. Coupled with another, more interactive app, this could be a great way to feel the travel in a way that images themselves cannot achieve.

Nature Treks VR

Nature Treks VR isn't overly concerned with realism, instead focusing on making a relaxing experience. Users have the ability to go on a walk on a variety of virtual paths, with exotic animals meandering by and control of the weather allowing the user to fit the experience to their preferences.

Because it isn't definitively located in any real-world locations , users have the ability to mold the world as they see fit, interacting with the trees to summon animals and controlling the sound levels to be more immersive or more relaxing. The detail work and spontaneity make it an engaging experience, though users should be aware that it is not intended to be a completely realistic one.

ecosphere is a photo-realistic breakdown of the Earth's most beautiful locations and the people that are working to protect them. Intended as a way to help the average person connect with the environmental crises of our time , these immersive documentaries show the importance of caring for the Earth before the damage is irreversible.

This is distinct from other user-directed travel apps but also provides a sense of depth and significance far beyond what other apps can offer. There are only a handful of experiences, but they go beyond visuals to explain what really matters about the different locations they portray. As an added bonus, the app is free, making these videos some of the most accessible ways for Oculus users to travel in VR.

NEXT: The 10 Coolest Games To Play On Oculus Quest 2

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32 Questions to Ask on a College Visit

Students should feel free to ask questions during an information session or on tour.

Questions to Ask on a College Visit

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Prospective students should conduct at least basic research to facilitate questions to ask during the information session or on tour, experts say.

Key Takeaways

Before a campus visit, students should do basic research on the school.
Students and their families have various opportunities to ask questions.
No question is dumb.

College visits, whether in person or virtual, can help give prospective students a better feel of campus life.

Contrary to popular belief, however, students don’t need to have that “a-ha” moment when they eventually find the campus where they belong, says Thyra Briggs, vice president for admission and financial aid at Harvey Mudd College in California.

“I just don't think that happens for most students,” she says. “I don't want students to walk away from a visit where that didn't happen thinking, ‘Oh, this is not the place for me.’ This is a long-term relationship. It's not necessarily love at first sight. … In this age of instant gratification, I think it's an important thing to give a school a chance to affect you in a different way.”

For an in-person visit, families should prepare ahead of time by checking the weather and dressing comfortably as tours are mostly held outside.

"Leave plenty of time at an individual campus and allow yourself to enjoy the experience, be present in the moment and (don't) feel rushed because that could also skew your perception of things," says Bryan Gross, vice president for enrollment management at Hartwick College in New York.

It’s also important, experts say, to conduct at least basic research on the institution – even if it’s just looking at their social media accounts – to help facilitate questions to ask during the information session or on tour.

"We know that for some of you, this may be the first time you are going through this," Briggs says. "For others, it's a different student (going through the process) than the student you had who's older. So there’s no bad questions. ... I would hope that any college would welcome any question a student would ask.”

Here are 32 example questions, collected from college admissions and enrollment professions, that students don't always think to ask on college visits. These questions – edited for length or clarity – were provided by Briggs, Gross and Brian Lindeman, assistant vice president of admissions and financial aid at Macalester College in Minnesota.

Questions About Admissions

Does this school consider demonstrated interest?
Is there an opportunity for prospective students to sit in on a class to experience a real lecture?
Are there options to receive a lunch or dinner pass at the dining hall to try the food?

Questions About Academics

Where do students typically study?
How does advising work?
What are the academic strengths of this school?
What opportunities are there for study abroad and exchange programs?
If available, are these global programs directly run by this school – where faculty members travel with students – or are these study abroad programs outsourced to a third-party company?
Are these study abroad experiences built into the tuition or are there additional fees to participate?

Questions About Financial Aid

What is this school's average financial aid package?
What is the average net cost when students enroll?
What is the current level of funding with endowed scholarships – how much are donors contributing to scholarships?
Do you offer merit aid ? If so, what are you looking for in a candidate?

Questions About Campus Housing and Community

What are the housing options?
What are the fee structures for these different options?
Are students required to live on campus ?
How does your campus define diversity, equity, inclusion and belonging?

Questions to Ask Your Tour Guide to Gauge Campus Life

What surprised you about this school? What's something you didn't expect?
What keeps you coming back to this school each year?
Have we seen your favorite place on campus?
What event on campus gets the biggest turnout every year?
If you were struggling with an issue, would you know who to turn to? Who would that be?

Questions About Work and Research Opportunities

What are the opportunities for undergraduate research on campus?
How do those research opportunities give students valuable hands-on experiences that enhance their resumes?
What are some specific ways this school helps students gain hands-on experience through internships ?

Questions About Student and Career Outcomes

What is the retention rate from freshman to sophomore year?
What is the five-year graduation rate?
What is the job-attainment rate of graduates within six months of graduating?
What percent of students are going on to graduate school ?
What percent of students are intentionally taking time off post-graduation compared to those who are not able to find jobs?
What size is the alumni network?
How are alumni actively engaging with recent graduates to help connect them specifically to opportunities in their fields?

Searching for a college? Get our complete rankings of Best Colleges.

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All four corners, one epic voyage.

The Ultimate World Cruise

The most epic world cruise ever to set sail.

Get ready to see the world in a whole new light — introducing the Ultimate World Cruise onboard Serenade of the Seas®. You can spend 274 nights bonding with like-minded explorers over global discoveries across all seven continents. Or pick a corner of the globe and explore every inch of it on one of four Ultimate World Cruise℠ segments — each an immersive voyage of 60+ nights. Connect with countless distinct cultures, soak up the most spectacular landscapes on Earth, and marvel at World Wonders that showcase mankind’s boundless imagination.

Or call your local travel advisor . For more information, call the Ultimate World Cruise Contact Line at 800-423-2100.

Dive deeper into the world's wonders

Ultimate world cruise.

Visit 150+ destinations and 8 World Wonders, across 7 continents and 60+ countries. The Ultimate World Cruise features four distinct segments that traverse the globe in one incredible journey.

Dec 10th – Feb 11th

Ultimate Americas Cruise

Feb 11th - May 9th

Ultimate Asia Pacific Cruise

May 9th - July 10th

Ultimate Africa & Southern Europe Cruise

July 10th - Sep 10th

Ultimate Europe & Beyond Cruise

Chichén Itzá, Cozumel, Mexico

Christ the Redeemer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Iguazu Falls, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Machu Picchu, Lima, Peru

Great Barrier Reef, Cairns, Australia

Great Wall of China, Beijing, China

The Taj Mahal, Cochin, India

The Colosseum, Rome, Italy

Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Berlin, Germany

Copenhagen, Denmark

New York, New York

Dec 10th 2023 – Feb 11th 2024

Venture across Three Continents

36 Destinations, 64 Nights

Arica, Chile

Your once-in-a-lifetime journey begins December 2023, embarking from in Miami on the first segment of the Ultimate World Cruise℠ — the Ultimate Americas Cruise. Go from postcard-perfect Caribbean shores—including the ABC islands —to viewing abundant wildlife like sea lions, penguins and whales roaming glacier-studded Antarctica as you round Cape Horn. Along the way, discover World Wonders in South America, including man-made marvels and extraordinary natural phenomena.

Take in the largest Art Deco sculpture in the world, Christ the Redeemer in Rio de Janeiro. Behold the largest waterfall system on the planet, Iguazú Falls near Buenos Aires. And explore Machu Picchu, one of the most iconic symbols of Peru’s ancient Inca heritage. Then sail up to the Yucatàn Peninsula to discover hidden coves and dramatic rock formations along Land’s End in Cabo San Lucas before exploring Ensenada.

Feb 11th 2024 - May 9th 2024

Far East. Down Under. And up for anything

40 Destinations, 87 nights

Taj Mahal, India

Venture miles from ordinary in Australia and Asia on this leg of the Ultimate World Cruise SM . Explore Hawaii and discover the crystal-clear waters of Mo’orea and Tahiti in unspoiled French Polynesia. Set out for Australia’s Great Barrier Reef — the only living thing on the planet that’s visible from space. Trek from pristine natural beauty in Bali to one of the most iconic man-made World Wonders, the Great Wall of China. And discover the unparalleled culture and modern architecture of Tokyo, then take in one of the most breathtaking sights in the world — The Taj Mahal.

May 9th 2024 - July 10th 2024

Beauty beyond belief

Ultimate Africa & Med Cruise

39 Destinations, 63 Nights

Walvis Bay Sandwich Harbour

Explore the orange sand dunes of the world’s oldest desert in Namibia. Bask in the beauty of idyllic beaches in Cape Town. And hike mist-topped rainforests along the Ivory Coast. Plus, go back in time as you wander through the Colosseum in Rome and get lost in the Venetian-style streets of Corfu.

Then your journey continues to even more destinations known for their storied history — like the fortified walls of Split, Croatia and the cobblestoned streets of Barcelona, Cannes and Provence.

July 10th 2024 - September 10th 2024

Set a course for the north

40 Destinations, 63 Nights

Blue Lagoon, Iceland

The final leg of the Ultimate World Cruise is an immersive cultural exploration starting in the Med heading north. Discover Barcelona’s brilliant architecture, including Gaudi’s Sagrada Família. Savor flavors across continents — like a dinner of tagine and mint tea in Morocco.

Go from taking in fjords in Norway to biking through Copenhagen. Finally, experience another natural marvel — the other-worldly geothermal seawater at The Blue Lagoon in Iceland before stopping in New York and Perfect Day at CocoCay on your way back to Miami.

Amenities Included in your entire adventure

Join us for the entire Ultimate World Cruise, you’ll enjoy exclusive perks and amenities — all included in your adventure. So you can complement back-to-back discoveries onshore with all your favorite comforts onboard, plus thoughtful touches to elevate every moment.

*New World Wonders Shore Excursions included for Crown & Anchor® Society Platinum members & above

Business Class Airfare

Premium Transportation Between Airport, Hotel and Ship

Pre-cruise Hotel & Gala

New World Wonders Shore Excursion*

Deluxe Beverage Package

Wash & Fold Laundry Service

VOOM Surf & Stream

A World Wandering Fleet Favorite

Designed with acres of glass offering panoramic vistas of sea, sky and land, Serenade of the Seas® is the perfect ship for scenery-scoping. Take in captivating views of Norway’s majestic fjords, gaze at glaciers in Antarctica, and soak up the sun and the sights while cruising through French Polynesia. In between adventures onshore, you can unwind poolside or tee off on the mini golf green. Settle in for dazzling entertainment or dance until dawn beneath the stars. And with top-notch restaurants onboard, every meal turns into a global taste-tour that’s as immersive as your Ultimate World Cruise.

Sign-up & stay tuned For Ultimate World Cruise Updates

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Cruise Details & Frequently Asked Questions

What is the Ultimate World Cruise?

The Ultimate World Cruise is a never-before-offered Royal Caribbean adventure that takes you on a 274-night journey around the world from December 10, 2023 – September 10, 2024. The adventure begins and ends in Miami, Florida, visiting all 7 continents, 65 countries, 150 ports of call, with 16 overnights and 8 World Wonders. More than 40 of the ports you’ll visit are either rarely available on our other itineraries or brand new to Royal Caribbean, so get ready for the exploration of a lifetime. Book The Ultimate World Cruise early to ensure the best accommodation throughout the entire voyage.

What is the starting price for the Ultimate World Cruise and its 4 individual segments?

Ultimate World Cruise Starting Price

Considering all that’s included in your 274-night Ultimate World Cruise fare, you’ll enjoy an incredible value. No matter which stateroom you choose, your fare includes Ultimate World Cruise complimentary amenities like business class airfare, pre-cruise hotel and gala, Deluxe Beverage Package, gratuities, VOOM internet package, wash and fold laundry service, and more.

*Taxes, fees, and port expenses of $4,667 USD per person are additional and are subject to change at any time. All starting prices listed are per person, in USD, cruise only, based on double occupancy and are subject to change at any time.

Ultimate World Cruise Segments Starting Price

Considering all that’s included in your Ultimate Cruise segment fare, you’ll enjoy an incredible value. No matter which stateroom you choose, your fare includes Ultimate Cruise segment complimentary amenities like Deluxe Beverage Package, gratuities, VOOM internet package, and wash and fold laundry service.

*Taxes, fees, and port expenses are additional and are subject to change at any time. All starting prices listed are per person, in USD, cruise only, based on double occupancy and are subject to change at any time.

What are the 8 World Wonders the Ultimate World Cruise and the four Ultimate Cruise segments will visit, and on what dates?

Ultimate Americas Cruise: December 10, 2023 – February 11, 2024

Chichen Itza: via Cozumel Dec 13, 2023

Christ the Redeemer: via Rio de Janeiro Dec 31, 2023

Iguazu Falls: via Buenos Aires Jan 5, 2024

Machu Picchu: via Lima Jan 29-30, 2024

Ultimate Asia Pacific Cruise: February 11, 2024 – May 9, 2024

Great Barrier Reef: via Airlie Beach and Cairns March 13-14, 2024

Great Wall of China: via Beijing April 7-8, 2024

Taj Mahal: via Cochin May 1, 2024

Ultimate Africa & Med Cruise: May 9, 2024 – July 10, 2024

Colosseum: via Rome July 1, 2024

Ultimate Europe & Beyond Cruise: July 10, 2024 – September 10, 2024

There are no World Wonders visited during this Ultimate Cruise segment.

What benefits are included when booking the Ultimate World Cruise or one of the four Ultimate Cruise segments?

Guests who join us for the entire Ultimate World Cruise will receive the following inclusions:

Embarkation Amenities

Round-trip business class airfare

Pre-cruise hotel and gala

Premium transfers between airport, hotel and ship

Onboard Amenities

Deluxe Beverage Package for entire voyage

VOOM Wi-Fi internet for entire voyage

Gratuities for entire voyage

Wash and fold laundry service

Our Crown & Anchor Society guests who hold Platinum status and above will also receive the exclusive benefit of included excursions to the 7 New World Wonders.

Guests who join us for one of the four Ultimate Cruise segments will receive the following inclusions:

Deluxe Beverage Package for entire segment

VOOM Wi-Fi for entire segment

Gratuities for entire segment

Wash and fold laundry service for entire segment

Will I receive the same stateroom for the entire duration of my Ultimate World Cruise or Ultimate Cruise segment?

Our Ultimate World Cruise team will ensure that you get the same stateroom for the entirety of the cruise when purchased within the exclusive booking window through November 2021. If you are purchasing your Ultimate World Cruise after the Ultimate Cruise segments have opened for sale, our team will work with you to make every effort to secure the same stateroom for your entire time onboard, based on the remaining available inventory.

What is the payment schedule for the Ultimate World Cruise and the four Ultimate Cruise segments?

To reserve a stateroom on the Ultimate World Cruise or one of the four Ultimate Cruise segments a non-refundable deposit is required. Final payment must be received by Royal Caribbean 180 days prior to cruise departure. For bookings created within 180 days prior to cruise departure, final payment must be received within 48 hours of booking.

How long do I have to place my deposit for the Ultimate World Cruise or one of the four Ultimate Cruise segments?

If outside of final payment, our Ultimate World Cruise and Ultimate Cruise segment guests are able to place a two-week hold to lock in their preferred stateroom and price before deposit is required. Your deposit must be placed within the two-week offer period to secure your selected stateroom.

Are there travel insurance options available on the Ultimate World Cruise or the four Ultimate Cruise segments?

There are travel insurance options available to guests who meet certain qualifications. For more information, please call 800-423-2100 or contact your Travel Advisor.

Why are the Ultimate World Cruise and the four Ultimate Cruise segments only offered as nonrefundable?

Our Ultimate World Cruise and the four Ultimate Cruise segments are a unique adventure that has never before been offered by Royal Caribbean and we want to ensure that our guests who are committed to sharing this experience with us receive priority placement. To preserve this unique experience, all sailings onboard Serenade of the Seas from December 10, 2023 – September 10, 2024, will be offered as exclusively nonrefundable.

Explore More

Schedule announced for 2024 DP World Tour Qualifying School

The 2 024 DP World Tour Qualifying School schedule has been announced and includes five new venues, an increase in First Stage opportunities and a return to INFINITUM for its dramatic conclusion, as professionals and amateurs from across the world look to secure their place on golf’s Global Tour.

Hopefuls will compete through three stages, as they look to add their name to a growing list of Major Champions, World Number Ones and Ryder Cup stars that have been produced at Qualifying School since its inception in 1976.

The Qualifying School will visit 15 venues from August to November and will once again conclude with Final Stage at Costa Dorada’s award-winning INFINITUM resort.

All five venues making their Qualifying School debuts will act as First Stage hosts, as the number of First Stage opportunities increases from nine to ten, giving additional players the chance to earn one of the DP World Tour cards on offer.

Golf Nazionale in Italy will make its Qualifying School bow fresh from hosting the Junior Ryder Cup last year, while Moonah Links is also a new venue and sees Qualifying School return to Australia for a third successive year. There are debuts on the schedule too for Golf de Léry Poses in France, Huddersfield Golf Club in England and Horsens Golfklub in Denmark.

Second Stage will take place across Spain, with the same four venues returning to the schedule; Desert Springs Resort in Almeria, Isla Canela Links in Huelva, Golf Las Pinaillas in Albacete and Fontanals Golf Club in Girona.

Mike Stewart, DP World Tour Qualifying School Director, said: “We’re excited to be able to share the full schedule for the 2024 DP World Tour Qualifying School, and we’re delighted to welcome our five new host venues.

“Increasing First Stage opportunities from nine to ten is an important change for 2024, as we hope to give more players the opportunity to clinch one of the coveted DP World Tour cards that are up for grabs.

“All 15 venues will provide a true test to those teeing it up and those that do come through the three-stage process will be ready to compete on the DP World Tour in 2025.

“INFINITUM has provided the perfect setting for Final Stage over the past five years, and we’re looking forward to returning there for a sixth time. It is a truly first-class venue and we’re grateful for their continued help and hospitality. It is a true highlight of our schedule.”

Joaquín Mora Bertrán, Deputy General Manager of Golf, Beach Club and F&B at INFINITUM, said: “We are delighted to welcome one of golf’s most exciting events back to INFINITUM.

“This is a very exciting time for INFINITUM, with major investment across the entire resort making the experience for visiting players, DP World Tour hopefuls and our members and residents even better.

“Earlier this year, we announced major improvements to the Lakes, and we are excited to see how the players react when they take on the renovated course – along with the equally enjoyable Hills - in November.

“Part of what makes INFINITUM the perfect stage for Qualifying School is the line-up of amenities on offer for golfers of all levels, from the new Callaway Fitting Studio to the nine-hole Ruins course where players can hone their skills.

“We look forward to working with the DP World Tour once again to make sure this unique event is as unforgettable as ever.”

The Final Stage of Qualifying School will take place at INFINITUM from November 8-13, 2024, where 156 players will compete over six rounds.

Each player will play two rounds at the Lakes Course and the Hills Course at INFINITUM, before the top 65 and ties play the final two rounds at the Lakes Course.

After six rounds, the leading 20 players and ties will earn DP World Tour playing privileges for 2025. This number has been reduced from the leading 25 players and ties that were awarded playing privileges last year as part of an overall review of DP World Tour playing categories.

Entries for the DP World Tour Qualifying School will open in June, with an official date yet to be confirmed.

A full list of this year’s dates and locations are as follows:

FIRST STAGE

August 27-30

The Players Club, Bristol, England

Golf Nazionale, Sutri, Italy

September 3-6

Millennium Golf, Paal, Beringen, Belgium

Huddersfield Golf Club, Huddersfield, England

September 10-13

Arlandastad Golf (Masters Course), Rosersberg, Sweden

September 11-14

Golfclub Schloss Ebreichsdorf, Ebreichsdorf, Austria

September 17-20

Donnington Grove Golf Club, Newbury, England

September 24-27

Horsens Golfklub, Horsens, Denmark

Golf de Léry Poses, Poses, France

October 1-4

Moonah Links Resort (Open Course), Victoria, Australia

SECOND STAGE

October 31 – November 3

Desert Springs Resort, Almeria, Spain

Isla Canela Links, Huelva, Spain

Golf Las Pinaillas, Albacete, Spain

Fontanals Golf Club, Girona, Spain

FINAL STAGE

November 8-13

INFINITUM Golf Resort (Lakes & Hills Courses), Tarragona, Spain

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Vote for your favorite adventure tour operator!

USA TODAY 10Best Readers' Choice Awards

These 20 adventure tour operators — nominated by an expert panel — cater to travelers who crave excitement, challenge, and fun in their vacations. Whether you're looking for an individualized journey or group tour, they'll have something for you, with activities ranging from hiking and biking to rafting and kayaking. Which adventure tour operator would you most like to book with? Vote for your favorite once per day until polls close on Monday, May 27 at noon ET. The 10 winning tour operators will be announced on Wednesday, June 5. Read the official Readers' Choice rules .

Best Adventure Tour Operator Nominees

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Adventure Canada

Equipped with a fleet of small-scale cruise liners, Adventure Canada has mastered the art of both Arctic and Antarctic excursions. Across Canada, the Northwest Passage voyage highlights the idyllic beauty of Nunavut, while those hoping to spot polar bears in the wild should spring for a Heart of the Arctic expedition, with both featuring highly educated naturalists and archaeologists aboard the ship.

Photo courtesy of Tyson Mayr

Aurora Expeditions

A pioneer of Antarctic travel in the 20th century, Aurora Expeditions has evolved into a force within the industry that offers trips all across the globe. Polar voyages are particularly popular, with options ranging from the shores of Antarctica to the High Arctic, while other cruise routes include Costa Rica, Scotland, and Iceland.

Photo courtesy of Bindlestiff Tours

Bindlestiff Tours

Bindlestiff Tours specializes in small group adventures with a focus on the American Southwest, Alaska, and western Canada. Guests enjoy fully customized touring vehicles with enlarged viewing windows, free Wi-Fi at most campsites, and the myriad benefits of insider expertise, like the best spots to photograph a sunset or favorite local restaurants.

Photo courtesy of Kirstie Mullikin

Explorer Chick Adventure Co.

From snorkeling around the Galapagos to gorilla trekking in Uganda, Explorer Chick’s curated tours span five separate continents — and each one is crafted specifically by women, for women. Founded in 2014 by Nicki Bruckmann, this adventure company provides ample opportunity to explore gorgeous landscapes and forge new friendships all across the globe.

Photo courtesy of GomezDavid / E+ Getty Images

Frontiers North Adventures

While northern Canada may not be the most easily accessed region, Frontiers North Adventures is perfectly equipped for making your dream excursion come true. In addition to polar bear safaris and beluga whale watching, the company's Northern Lights and Winter Nights excursion offers an opportunity to catch one of the planet's most stunning natural phenomena in real life.

Photo courtesy of G Adventures, Inc.

G Adventures

Launched in 1990, G Adventures has earned acclaim for their wide array of high-end tours and strong commitment to positive social impact. Whether it's hiking in Iceland or biking in Vietnam, each trip is designed to reflect the company's G for Good philosophy, a concept that seeks to benefit all people and communities visited during a trip.

Photo courtesy of HX & Espen Mills

HX (Hurtigruten Expeditions)

HX (Hurtigruten Expeditions) has earned widespread acclaim for their lavish cruises, with destinations ranging from the frigid depths of Antarctica to the sunny shores of the Caribbean. For wildlife lovers in particular, the company's Galapagos expeditions shine a spotlight on the rich biodiversity of the archipelago, while a Svalbard voyage is perfect for spotting polar bears in their natural habitat.

Photo courtesy of Intrepid Travel

Intrepid Travel

Toronto-based Intrepid is a treasure trove for small-scale sustainable tours, with more than 100 countries available to visit. With itineraries like lemur-spotting in the rural depths of Madagascar and cultural immersions across the Middle East, this storied adventure company is perfect for accessing some of the most remote corners of the globe.

Photo courtesy of Journeys International

Journeys International

Journeys International builds private and group trips to a variety of worldwide destinations, centering each adventure around the individual's or groups' travel goals. Each party is assigned an adventure specialist who makes personalized choices of locations and activities to include in the experience. All journeys are designed to give every person involved a special and unique trip of a lifetime.

Photo courtesy of Ralph Lee Hopkins, Lindblad Expeditions

Lindblad Expeditions-National Geographic

New Zealand, French Polynesia, and Greenland are just a few of the dazzling destinations frequented by Lindblad Expeditions, a storied tour operator that's been working in tandem with National Geographic since 2004. While warm weather destinations span from Baja California to the Amazon, the company has earned abundant acclaim for their immersive Antarctic expeditions focusing on native wildlife amidst stunning scenery.

Photo courtesy of KenCanning / E+ Getty Images

Maple Leaf Adventures

The spectacular beauty of Canada is on full display with Maple Leaf Adventures, a small-ship cruise operator that's been in the business since 1986. While the bulk of their itineraries focus on showcasing locations across western Canada, gastronomes can also join in on the fun with a curated Craft Beer Cruise or Wines And Islands excursion across British Columbia.

Photo courtesy of Karin Watkins MT Sobek Photo File

MT Sobek has been a leader in the adventure travel industry for more than half a century. Today, travelers can choose from some 200 journeys around the world. Each one is designed to inspire and exhilarate, with interest categories like multi-adventure, family adventure, wildlife and safari, adventure cruising, hiking and trekking, cultural discovery, and rafting and kayaking.

Photo courtesy of Nantahala Outdoor Center

Nantahala Outdoor Center

Beginning as a small-scale rafting tour company back in 1972, Nantahala Outdoor Center has expanded far beyond just the rivers of North Carolina, operating tours from southern Iceland to the Zambezi River. Though their scope has expanded on an international scale, the company still excels at domestic adventure, showcasing the incredible rafting opportunities across the Southern United States.

Photo courtesy of REI Co-op / REI Adventures

Adventure travelers have long turned to REI to outfit their travels; with REI Adventures, they’ll also find more than 100 fully curated experiences across the United States. These active travel itineraries might involve cycling near Zion National Park, hiking through Yellowstone and Grand Teton, kayaking at Point Reyes, or enjoying a weekend of backpacking close to home.

Photo courtesy of Stubborn Mule Travel

Stubborn Mule Travel

A perfect fit for all ages, Stubborn Mule Travel has curated a wide variety of itineraries designed specifically for traveling families. Destinations span across five continents, and as an added bonus, the company also offers unique itinerary stops based off of the interests of each individual guest.

Photo courtesy of 104kelly // Getty Images

Thomson Safaris

Best known as the home of Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania has earned worldwide acclaim for its abundant natural beauty — a quality that Thomson Safaris has been highlighting for more than 40 years. While there’s no going wrong with a classic safari, the company also offers food-focused tours and even plane excursions, each one led by a team of expert local guides.

Photo courtesy of Urban Events Global Team

Urban Events Global

Kevin Knight founded Urban Events Global as a travel company for African American adventure seekers looking to explore with like-minded travelers. The company hosts regular camping weekends, as well as group tours to destinations like Ghana, Dubai, Greece, and Jamaica. They can also plan a custom trip itinerary for you.

Photo courtesy of Ren Fuller // Women High On Adventure

WHOA Travel

WHOA Travel works with women guides and business owners to build unique travel experiences. WHOA group adventures are scheduled all over the world, from Kilimanjaro and Peru to Iceland and Bavaria.

Photo courtesy of Wild Women Expeditions

Wild Women Expeditions

Wild Women Expeditions specializes in “amazing outdoor adventures for all women.” The company leads trips to more than two dozen countries around the globe, with activities like canoeing, kayaking, cycling, hiking, surfing, sailing, and yoga.

Photo courtesy of Beth Peluse / Zephyr Adventures

Zephyr Adventures

Equipped with a roster of trips that span from strenuous mountain hikes to e-biking excursions, Zephyr Adventures offers a diverse range of options for your next getaway. For a glimpse into the beauty of coastal New England, the Acadia National Park Hiking Adventure is a top choice, while those who prefer a more laid-back itinerary can spring for the Czech Republic Breweries and Walking Adventure.

About 10Best Readers' Choice Awards

Nominees are submitted by a panel of experts. 10Best editors narrow the field to select the final set of nominees for the Readers’ Choice Awards. Readers can vote once per category, per day. For any questions or comments, please read the FAQ or email USA TODAY 10Best .

The Experts

Brandon withrow.

Brandon Withrow is a travel journalist based in... Read More

Brandon Withrow is a travel journalist based in Northwest Ohio, covering ecotourism, wildlife, outdoor adventures, and eco-friendly stays, as well as the secrets of underrated cities. He appears in The Daily Beast, BBC Travel, Canadian Geographic, Business Insider, The Hill, and Sierra Magazine. You can find him at www.brandonwithrow.com , @bwithrow on Twitter, and @bgwithrow on Instagram.

Chez Chesak

‘Chez’ Chesak is Executive Director of the Outdoor... Read More

‘Chez’ Chesak is Executive Director of the Outdoor Writers Association of America, an adventure travel writer, board member of the Society of American Travel Writers and 22-year veteran of the outdoor and travel industries. While he’s lived all over the U.S. and traveled to more than 30 countries, he has the most fun when he’s exploring with his wife Sally and two daughters. An avid outdoors person, he’s happiest on a trail, on skis, or nestled into a sleeping bag. Learn more about him and his work at www.chezconnects.com .

Dave Stamboulis

Dave Stamboulis is a travel writer/photographer... Read More

Dave Stamboulis is a travel writer/photographer based in Bangkok. Born in Athens, Greece and growing up in the U.S., Dave first discovered Bangkok while on a 45,000-kilometer bicycle trip and moved there for good in 2005. Dave's photos appear in publications around the world. He's the author of Odysseus' Last Stand , which received the Silver Medal for Travel Book of the Year from the Society of American Travel Writers. In addition to updating the Fodor's Guidebook to Thailand, he is the author of 500 Hidden Secrets to Bangkok, and his travel stories and photography appear in publications around the globe.

Jacky Runice

Born in Bucktown when bulletproof was a home... Read More

Born in Bucktown when bulletproof was a home safety choice and not a coffee order, Jacky Runice has been knocking around Chicago as a professional print, online and broadcast journalist and editor specializing in separating the riff from the raff in culture, entertainment, food, travel and pure unadulterated fun. Jacky is a member of the International Food, Wine & Travel Writers Association (IFWTWA). In her best Chicagoese, Jacky asks, "Who has the time or money to blow on hotels, attractions, restaurants, exhibits and activities that blow?"

Jamie Davis Smith

Jamie is an attorney, writer and photographer. She... Read More

Jamie is an attorney, writer and photographer. She was born with deeply ingrained wanderlust and has visited 45 countries and counting. She often brings her children along for the adventure and is passing her love of travel on to the next generation. Jamie has written for Insider, Fodor's Travel , Yahoo , the Huffington Post , the Washington Post, Viator and Reviewed among many other publications. Jamie is from Philadelphia and now lives in Washington, DC, where she takes advantage of everything the region has to offer. Jamie can be reached at [email protected] and can be found on Twitter , Instagram and TikTok .

Marla Cimini

Marla is an award-winning writer with a passion... Read More

Marla is an award-winning writer with a passion for travel, music, surfing and culinary adventures! An avid globetrotter and guidebook writer, she has covered topics such as the Hawaiian islands (including food trends and luxury beachfront resorts), as well as European getaways and global destinations. Her articles have appeared in many publications worldwide, including USA Today. Marla lives in New Jersey (Philadelphia area) and is a frequent visitor to Hawaii and Southern California, and often covers those destinations. Her travel website is: www.marlacimini.com

Meg St-Esprit

Meg St-Esprit is a journalist based in Pittsburgh... Read More

Meg St-Esprit is a journalist based in Pittsburgh who covers family travel, lifestyle, education, and parenting. With their four kids in tow, she and her husband love to travel anywhere and everywhere — but have a soft spot for camping and outdoor adventures. In fact, her kids are well on their way to achieving their goal of visiting all 124 state parks in Pennsylvania. Meg believes travel doesn’t need to be luxurious or costly to be valuable, and aims to share that with her audience. Meg’s work has appeared in publications such as The New York Times, Thrillist, The Washington Post, Fodor’s, Yahoo, Good Housekeeping, Romper , and more. Follow Meg on Instagram and Twitter at @megstesprit or check out her work on https://megstesprit.com/

Melanie Reffes

Melanie is an island girl at heart . Born in... Read More

Melanie is an island girl at heart . Born in Manhattan, she now lives on the sunny island of Montreal and covers the Caribbean for a variety of publications including USA TODAY 10Best, CaribbeanTravel.com and MarryCaribbean.com. A journalist with a boatload of writer awards under her belt, Melanie's affection for the Caribbean started young when her family vacationed in Puerto Rico. An avid fan of spicy food, Melanie enjoys the diversity of Montreal - especially during the warmer months -when she's not en route to the Caribbean. She holds a Masters Degree in Social Work from the University of Toronto.

Nicky Omohundro

Nicky Omohundro is the founder and editor of Read More

Nicky Omohundro is the founder and editor of LittleFamilyAdventure.com , the popular family travel & lifestyle website that inspires families to leave no child left inside. Since 2013 LFA has been providing inspiration to get families outdoors, eat well, and travel everywhere from their own backyard to around the world. Always up for a family adventure, she has traveled to 37 states and 6 countries to zip-line through a Costa Rican rainforest, see Finland’s Northern Lights, and go camping throughout the US. Nicky is the co-founder of Tourism WorX a travel consultancy group. Connect with her Twitter and Instagram .

Olivia Christine Perez

Olivia Christine Perez is an outdoor + travel... Read More

Olivia Christine Perez is an outdoor + travel wellness expert, author, and the creator of O. Christine : a travel and wellness platform inspiring thousands of people to travel more and get outdoors for their wellness. Living with an autoimmune disease herself, Olivia helps people find wellness through the outdoors, self-care adventures, and mindful travel experiences. You can follow her work at ochristine.com and instagram.com/ochristine.

Shea Peters

Shea Peters is a NYC based writer and frequent... Read More

Shea Peters is a NYC based writer and frequent world traveler that looks to the history of a location in order to tell the story. Growing up in a Southern family that loves to travel, Shea has seen 44 of the 50 US states and believes that every place has a story worth telling, regardless of how populated or rural. She's currently a regular contributor discussing travel, culture, history, food, wellness, and business at Travel + Leisure, Elle, Harper’s Bazaar, Oprah Daily, Women’s Health, TripAdvisor, Cosmo, and Revolt TV. When she's not traveling, rooting for some unlikable sports team, or taking a pilates class, you can find Shea in her rooftop garden that is currently flourishing above the streets of New York City. You can follow Shea on Instagram and Twitter .

Tamara Gane

Tamara Gane is an expert panel member for 10Best... Read More

Tamara Gane is an expert panel member for 10Best Readers' Choice Awards. She's based in Reno/Lake Tahoe and in addition to USA Today 10Best, her work has been published in Travel & Leisure, Fodor's Travel, The Washington Post, SF Gate, Houston Chronicle, Lonely Planet, and more.

10Best Editors

USA TODAY 10Best provides users with original,... Read More

USA TODAY 10Best provides users with original, unbiased and experiential travel coverage of top attractions, things to see and do, and restaurants for top destinations in the U.S. and around the world.

Money blog: 'Loud budgeting' - The money-saving trend that has nothing to do with giving up your daily coffee

Created accidentally by a comedian, "loud budgeting" is breaking down the taboo of speaking about money. Read this and the rest of our Weekend Money features, and leave a comment, and we'll be back with rolling personal finance and consumer news on Monday.

Saturday 11 May 2024 18:56, UK

Weekend Money

'Loud budgeting': The money-saving trend that has nothing to do with giving up your daily coffee
What is most in-demand period property?
£12m tea advert, downsizing, £320 tasting menus and job interview mistakes: What readers have said this week
Free childcare applications about to open for new age band
Where has huge week for UK economy left us?

Best of the week

How to avoid a holiday data roaming charge (while still using the internet)
Mortgage rates up again this week - here are the best deals on the market
My daughter discovered undeclared £600 management fee after buying her flat - can we complain?
Best of the Money blog - an archive

Ask a question or make a comment

By Jess Sharp , Money team

Money saving trends are constantly popping up on social media - but one in particular has been gaining huge amounts of attention.

Created accidentally by a comedian, loud budgeting is breaking down the taboo of speaking about money.

The idea is based on being firmer/more vocal about your financial boundaries in social situations and setting out what you are happy to spend your money on, instead of "Keeping up with the Joneses".

On TikTok alone, videos published under the hashtag #loudbudgeting have garnered more than 30 million views - and that figure is continuing to climb.

We spoke to Lukas Battle - the 26-year-old who unintentionally created the trend as part of a comedy sketch.

Based in New York, he came up with the term in a skit about the "quiet luxury" hype, which had spread online in 2023 inspired by shows like Succession.

The term was used for humble bragging about your wealth with expensive items that were subtle in their design - for example, Gwyneth Paltrow's £3,900 moss green wool coat from The Row, which she wore during her ski resort trial...

"I was never a big fan of the quiet luxury trend, so I just kind of switched the words and wrote 'loud budgeting is in'. I'm tired of spending money and I don't want to pretend to be rich," Lukas said.

"That's how it started and then the TikTok comments were just obsessed with that original idea."

This was the first time he mentioned it...

Lukas explained that it wasn't about "being poor" but about not being afraid of sharing your financial limits and "what's profitable for you personally".

"It's not 'skip a coffee a day and you'll become a millionaire'."

While talking money has been seen as rude or taboo, he said it's something his generation is more comfortable doing.

"I've seen more debate around the topic and I think people are really intrigued and attracted by the idea," he said.

"It's just focusing your spending and time on things you enjoy and cutting out the things you might feel pressured to spend your money on."

He has incorporated loud budgeting into his own life, telling his friends "it's free to go outside" and opting for cheaper dinner alternatives.

"Having the terminology and knowing it's a trend helps people understand it and there's no awkward conversation around it," he said.

The trend has been a big hit with so-called American "finfluencers", or "financial influencers", but people in the UK have started practising it as well.

Mia Westrap has taken up loud budgeting by embarking on a no-buy year and sharing her finances with her 11.3k TikTok followers.

Earning roughly £2,100 a month, she spends around £1,200 on essentials, like rent, petrol and car insurance, but limits what else she can purchase.

Clothes, fizzy drinks, beauty treatments, makeup, dinners out and train tickets are just some things on her "red list".

The 26-year-old PHD student first came across the idea back in 2017, but decided to take up the challenge this year after realising she was living "pay check to pay check".

She said her "biggest fear" in the beginning was that her friends wouldn't understand what she was doing, but she found loud budgeting helped.

"I'm still trying my best to just go along with what everyone wants to do but I just won't spend money while we do it and my friends don't mind that, we don't make a big deal out of it," she said.

So far, she has been able to save £1,700, and she said talking openly about her money has been "really helpful".

"There's no way I could have got this far if I wasn't baring my soul to the internet about the money I have spent. It has been a really motivating factor."

Financial expert John Webb said loud budgeting has the ability to help many "feel empowered" and create a "more realistic" relationship with money.

"This is helping to normalise having open and honest conversations about finances," the consumer affair manager at Experien said.

"It can also reduce the anxiety some might have by keeping their financial worries to themselves."

However, he warned it's important to be cautious and to take the reality of life into consideration.

"It could cause troubles within friendship groups if they're not on the same page as you or have different financial goals," he said.

"This challenge isn't meant to stop you from having fun, but it is designed to help people become more conscious and intentional when it comes to money, and reduce the stigma around talking about it."

Rightmove's keyword tool shows Victorian-era houses are the most commonly searched period properties, with people drawn to their ornate designs and features.

Georgian and Edwardian-style are second and third respectively, followed by Tudor properties. Regency ranked in fifth place.

Rightmove property expert Tim Bannister said: "Home hunters continue to be captivated by the character and charm of properties that we see in period dramas.

"Victorian homes remain particularly popular, characterised by their historic charm, solid construction, and spacious interiors. You'll often find Victorian houses in some of the most desirable locations which include convenient access to schools and transport links."

Throughout the week Money blog readers have shared their thoughts on the stories we've been covering, with the most correspondence coming in on...

A hotly contested debate on the best brand of tea
Downsizing homes
The cost of Michelin-starred food

Job interview mistakes

On Wednesday we reported on a new £12m ad from PG Tips in response to it falling behind rivals such as Twinings, Yorkshire Tea and Tetley....

We had lots of comments like this...

How on earth was the PG Tips advert so expensive? I prefer Tetley tea, PG Tips is never strong enough flavour for me. Shellyleppard

The reason for the sales drop with PG Tips could be because they increased the price and reduced the quantity of bags from 240 to 180 - it's obvious. Royston

And then this question which we've tried to answer below...

Why have PG Tips changed from Pyramid shape tea bags, to a square? Sam

Last year PG Tips said it was changing to a square bag that left more room for leaves to infuse, as the bags wouldn't fold over themselves.

We reported on data showing how downsizing could save you money for retirement - more than £400,000, in some regions, by swapping four beds for two.

Some of our readers shared their experiences...

We are downsizing and moving South so it's costing us £100k extra for a smaller place, all money from retirement fund. AlanNorth

Interesting read about downsizing for retirement. We recently did this to have the means to retire early at 52. However, we bought a house in the south of France for the price of a flat in our town in West Sussex. Now living the dream! OliSarah

How much should we pay for food?

Executive chef at London's two-Michelin-starred Ikoyi, Jeremy Chan, raised eyebrows when he suggested to the Money blog that Britons don't pay enough for restaurant food.

Ikoyi, the 35th best restaurant in the world, charges £320 for its tasting menu.

"I don't think people pay enough money for food, I think we charge too little, [but] we want to always be accessible to as many people as possible, we're always trying our best to do that," he said, in a piece about his restaurant's tie up with Uber Eats...

We had this in...

Are they serious? That is two weeks' worth of food shopping for me, if the rich can afford this "tasting menu" then they need to be taxed even more by the government, it's just crazy! Steve T

If the rate of pay is proportionate to the vastly overpriced costs of the double Michelin star menu, I would gladly peel quail eggs for four-hour stints over continuing to be abused as a UK supply teacher. AndrewWard

Does this two-star Michelin star chef live in the real world? Who gives a toss if he stands and peels his quails eggs for four hours, and he can get the best turbot from the fishmonger fresh on a daily basis? It doesn't justify the outrageous price he is charging for his tasting menu. Topaztraveller

Chefs do make me laugh, a steak is just a steak, they don't make the meat! They just cook it like the rest of us, but we eat out because we can't be bothered cooking! StevieGrah

Finally, many of you reacted to this feature on common mistakes in job interviews...

Those 10 biggest mistakes people make in interviews is the dumbest thing I've ever read. They expect all that and they'll be offering a £25k a year job. Why wouldn't I want to know about benefits and basic sick pay? And also a limp handshake? How's that relevant to how you work? Jre90

Others brought their own tips...

Whenever I go for an interview I stick to three points: 1. Be yourself 2. Own the interview 3. Wear the clothes that match the job you are applying Kevin James Blakey

From Sunday, eligible working parents of children from nine-months-old in England will be able to register for access to up to 15 free hours of government-funded childcare per week.

This will then be granted from September.

Check if you're eligible here - or read on for our explainer on free childcare across the UK.

Three and four year olds

In England, all parents of children aged three and four in England can claim 15 hours of free childcare per week, for 1,140 hours (38 weeks) a year, at an approved provider.

This is a universal offer open to all.

It can be extended to 30 hours where both parents (or the sole parent) are in work, earn the weekly minimum equivalent of 16 hours at the national minimum or living wage, and have an income of less than £100,000 per year.

Two year olds

Previously, only parents in receipt of certain benefits were eligible for 15 hours of free childcare.

But, as of last month, this was extended to working parents.

This is not a universal offer, however.

A working parent must earn more than £8,670 but less than £100,000 per year. For couples, the rule applies to both parents.

Nine months old

In September, this same 15-hour offer will be extended to working parents of children aged from nine months. From 12 May, those whose children will be at least nine months old on 31 August can apply to received the 15 hours of care from September.

From September 2025

The final change to the childcare offer in England will be rolled out in September 2025, when eligible working parents of all children under the age of five will be able to claim 30 hours of free childcare a week.

In some areas of Wales, the Flying Start early years programme offers 12.5 hours of free childcare for 39 weeks, for eligible children aged two to three. The scheme is based on your postcode area, though it is currently being expanded.

All three and four-year-olds are entitled to free early education of 10 hours per week in approved settings during term time under the Welsh government's childcare offer.

Some children of this age are entitled to up to 30 hours per week of free early education and childcare over 48 weeks of the year. The hours can be split - but at least 10 need to be used on early education.

To qualify for this, each parent must earn less than £100,000 per year, be employed and earn at least the equivalent of working 16 hours a week at the national minimum wage, or be enrolled on an undergraduate, postgraduate or further education course that is at least 10 weeks in length.

All three and four-year-olds living in Scotland are entitled to at least 1,140 hours per year of free childcare, with no work or earnings requirements for parents.

This is usually taken as 30 hours per week over term time (38 weeks), though each provider will have their own approach.

Some households can claim free childcare for two-year-olds. To be eligible you have to be claiming certain benefits such as Income Support, Jobseeker's Allowance or Universal Credit, or have a child that is in the care of their local council or living with you under a guardianship order or kinship care order.

Northern Ireland

There is no scheme for free childcare in Northern Ireland. Some other limited support is available.

Working parents can access support from UK-wide schemes such as tax credits, Universal Credit, childcare vouchers and tax-free childcare.

Aside from this, all parents of children aged three or four can apply for at least 12.5 hours a week of funded pre-school education during term time. But over 90% of three-year-olds have a funded pre-school place - and of course this is different to childcare.

What other help could I be eligible for?

Tax-free childcare - Working parents in the UK can claim up to £500 every three months (up to £2,000 a year) for each of their children to help with childcare costs.

If the child is disabled, the amount goes up to £1,000 every three months (up to £4,000 a year).

To claim the benefit, parents will need to open a tax-free childcare account online. For every 80p paid into the account, the government will top it up by 20p.

The scheme is available until the September after the child turns 11.

Universal credit - Working families on universal credit can claim back up to 85% of their monthly childcare costs, as long as the care is paid for upfront. The most you can claim per month is £951 for one child or £1,630 for two or more children.

Tax credits - People claiming working tax credit can get up to 70% of what they pay for childcare if their costs are no more than £175 per week for one child or £300 per work for multiple children.

Two big economic moments dominated the news agenda in Money this week - interest rates and GDP.

As expected, the Bank of England held the base rate at 5.25% on Wednesday - but a shift in language was instructive about what may happen next.

Bank governor Andrew Bailey opened the door to a summer cut to 5%, telling reporters that an easing of rates at the next Monetary Policy Committee meeting on 20 June was neither ruled out nor a fait accompli.

More surprisingly, he suggested that rate cuts, when they start, could go deeper "than currently priced into market rates".

He refused to be drawn on what that path might look like - but markets had thought rates could bottom out at 4.5% or 4.75% this year, and potentially 3.5% or 4% next.

"To make sure that inflation stays around the 2% target - that inflation will neither be too high nor too low - it's likely that we will need to cut Bank rate over the coming quarters and make monetary policy somewhat less restrictive over the forecast period," Mr Bailey said.

You can read economics editor Ed Conway's analysis of the Bank's decision here ...

On Friday we discovered the UK is no longer in recession.

Gross domestic product (GDP) grew by 0.6% between January and March, the Office for National Statistics said.

This followed two consecutive quarters of the economy shrinking.

The data was more positive than anticipated.

"Britain is not just out of recession," wrote Conway. "It is out of recession with a bang."

The UK has seen its fastest growth since the tailend of the pandemic - and Conway picked out three other reasons for optimism.

1/ An economic growth rate of 0.6% is near enough to what economists used to call "trend growth". It's the kind of number that signifies the economy growing at more or less "normal" rates.

2/ 0.6% means the UK is, alongside Canada, the fastest-growing economy in the G7 (we've yet to hear from Japan, but economists expect its economy to contract in the first quarter).

3/ Third, it's not just gross domestic product that's up. So too is gross domestic product per head - the number you get when you divide our national income by every person in the country. After seven years without any growth, GDP per head rose by 0.4% in the first quarter.

GDP per head is a more accurate yardstick for the "feelgood factor", said Conway - perhaps meaning people will finally start to feel better off.

For more on where Friday's figures leaves us, listen to an Ian King Business Podcast special...

The Money blog is your place for consumer news, economic analysis and everything you need to know about the cost of living - bookmark news.sky.com/money .

It runs with live updates every weekday - while on Saturdays we scale back and offer you a selection of weekend reads.

Check them out this morning and we'll be back on Monday with rolling news and features.

The Money team is Emily Mee, Bhvishya Patel, Jess Sharp, Katie Williams, Brad Young and Ollie Cooper, with sub-editing by Isobel Souster. The blog is edited by Jimmy Rice.

If you've missed any of the features we've been running in Money this year, or want to check back on something you've previously seen in the blog, this archive of our most popular articles may help...

Loaves of bread have been recalled from shelves in Japan after they were found to contain the remains of a rat.

Production of the bread in Tokyo has been halted after parts of a "small animal" were found by at least two people.

Pasco Shikishima Corp, which produces the bread, said 104,000 packages have been recalled as it apologised and promised compensation.

A company representative told Sky News's US partner network, NBC News, that a "small black rat" was found in the bread. No customers were reported to have fallen ill as a result of ingesting the contaminated bread.

"We deeply apologise for the serious inconvenience and trouble this has caused to our customers, suppliers, and other concerned parties," the spokesman said.

Pasco added in a separate statement that "we will do our utmost to strengthen our quality controls so that this will never happen again. We ask for your understanding and your co-operation."

Japanese media reports said at least two people who bought the bread in the Gunma prefecture, north-west of Tokyo, complained to the company about finding a rodent in the bread.

Record levels of shoplifting appear to be declining as fewer shopkeepers reported thefts last year, new figures show.

A survey by the Office for National Statistics shows 26% of retailers experienced customer theft in 2023, down from a record high of 28% in 2022.

This comes despite a number of reports suggesting shoplifting is becoming more frequent.

A separate ONS finding , which used police crime data, showed reports of shoplifting were at their highest level in 20 years in 2023, with law enforcements logging 430,000 instances of the crime.

Let's get you up to speed on the biggest business news of the past 24 hours.

A privately owned used-car platform is circling Cazoo Group, its stricken US-listed rival, which is on the brink of administration.

Sky News has learnt that Motors.co.uk is a leading contender to acquire Cazoo's marketplace operation, which would include its brand and intellectual property assets.

The process to auction the used-car platform's constituent parts comes after it spent tens of millions of pounds on sponsorship deals in football, snooker and darts in a rapid attempt to gain market share.

The owner of British Airways has reported a sharp rise in profits amid soaring demand for trips and a fall in the cost of fuel.

International Airlines Group said its operating profit for the first three months of the year was €68m (£58.5m) - above expectations and up from €9m (£7.7m) during the same period in 2023.

The company, which also owns Aer Lingus, Iberia and Vueling, said earnings had soared thanks to strong demand, particularly over the Easter holidays.

The prospect of a strike across Tata Steel's UK operations has gained further traction after a key union secured support for industrial action.

Community, which has more than 3,000 members, said 85% voted in favour of fighting the India-owned company's plans for up to 2,800 job losses, the majority of them at the country's biggest steelworks in Port Talbot, South Wales.

Tata confirmed last month it was to press ahead with the closure of the blast furnaces at the plant, replacing them with electric arc furnaces to reduce emissions and costs.

In doing so, the company rejected an alternative plan put forward by the Community, GMB and Unite unions that, they said, would raise productivity and protect jobs across the supply chain.

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To build a custom tour component in React, it's easiest to isolate the functionality and component UI with these React Hooks: useTour - a custom Hook to build your own UI on top of functionality. Tour - a dumb UI component that consumes useTour to load the tour portal UI. This mock code shows how useTour works: /*.
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Phase 10: World Tour

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The Extreme Tour - 30 consecutive years of Extreme Sports and Music events! Events now being planned throughout the United States and internationally, including the U.K., Japan and India!

12 Best Apps & Websites for Booking Travel Online

What to look for in the best travel booking apps

1. They’re available offline.

2. They include a booking service.

3. They have reviews.

4. They have a translation function.

5. They have social media integration.

6. They have a travel planner feature.

READ MORE: How to Plan a Trip When You’re Short on Time—And Cash

1. LikeALocal

3. HotelTonight

5. Skyscanner

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2. Intrepid

3. Hostelworld

4. Couchsurfing

6. GoAbroad

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