b trip tablet

The Ultimate Guide to 2C-B

(nexus, venus, bromo mescaline, bees, toonies).

2C-B is a potentially illegal substance, and we do not encourage or condone the use of this substance where it is against the law. However, we accept that illegal drug use occurs, and believe that offering responsible harm reduction information is imperative to keeping people safe. For that reason, this guide is designed to ensure the safety of those who decide to use the substance.

2C-B has been used as an aphrodisiac, entheogen, dance drug, ecstasy adulterant, and psychotherapeutic aid. However, it has yet to gain widespread acceptance and it has been banned in most countries since the mid-1990s.

What to expect

Shulgin claimed that 2C-B was one of his favorite psychedelics, and wrote in 2003 that the drug was “one of the most graceful, erotic, sensual, introspective compounds I have ever invented.” [1] Many people report that the experience has the groundedness of mescaline, the empathy of MDMA, and the visuals of mushrooms or LSD, but with more connection to reality. It’s known for enhancing one’s senses and feelings and amplifying visuals, sound, and touch.

2C-B is usually swallowed in the form of a tablet, capsule, or powder, which can also be dissolved in liquid. The threshold oral dose is 2-5 mg, while a light effective dose is around 5-15 mg. Most people take between 15 and 25 mg for a full experience, and anything above that is considered strong. 50 mg seems to be a good upper limit. [2]

The onset of 2C-B lasts about 45-75 minutes, with a 15-30 minute “coming up” period. During this time, it’s common to feel a sense of anticipation or even anxiety. This is often coupled with a pleasurable warmth or tingling—like electricity or pins and needles—going up and down the body. There may be signs of physical and sexual arousal, including raised hairs, muscle spasms, erection, chills, tremors, and dilated pupils. Some people report experiencing gastrointestinal issues such as gas, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

At high enough doses, 2C-B produces visual effects, which often include geometric patterns, after-images and tracers, facial distortions, environmental drifting (e.g. melting or flowing surfaces), and enhanced or shifting colors. Closed-eye visuals are often richer, with profound fantasy imagery. Auditory hallucinations are also common. At higher doses, these hallucinations can become unpleasant, ugly, or even frightening.

Peak effects

The peak effects of the 2C-B experience last for two to four hours. Any nausea and discomfort have generally faded by this point. Touch, smell, taste, color, and sound all tend to be enhanced during this time, and many people report feeling squarely “in the body”—aware of their muscles and nerves and merging with physical nature. Unlike on MDMA, sexual arousal can be maintained throughout the 2C-B experience.

During the peak, people report enhanced moods and feelings of stimulation, but with less “pushiness” than MDMA. People often describe 2C-B as far more malleable, allowing them to go in and out of baseline consciousness, sometimes abruptly, even during peak effects. Others find themselves dealing with difficult emotions such as anger, grief, and fear.

Communication can break down during the height of a 2C-B experience, although talking to others can become easier for some people. In any case, people usually see an increase in their empathy and sociability. Conceptual thinking, introspective insights, and spiritual ideation are also common—especially when alone. There may be a slight softening of the ego.

Coming down and after the trip

Pharmacology.

Phenethylamines like 2C-B are known as “simple” psychedelics for their one-ring structure—contrasted with the more complex structure of indoles (e.g. tryptamines). [12] [13] Some other phenethylamines include amphetamines, mescaline, mephedrone, ephedrine, and cathine and cathinone from khat. 2C-B gets its name from the two carbon atoms (2C) that join the phenyl ring to the amino group, and for the bromine atom (B) substituted at the R4 position. [14] Like the other 2Cs, 2C-B has methoxy groups at positions R2 and R5. [6]

Receptor binding

Not much is known about the pharmacodynamics of 2C-B, but it shows a binding affinity for the 5-HT2 serotonergic receptors. [14] Unlike the classical psychedelics, it selectively antagonizes (blocks) the 5-HT2A receptor subtype usually involved in hallucinogenic effects. [15] Its psychoactivity is thought to be at least partially related to the activation of 5-HT2C receptors or to signaling pathways coupled to 5-HT2A. [16] [17] Further activation of α1-adrenergic receptors may be responsible for 2C-B’s stimulant effects. [18]

Benefits & Risks

Though there isn’t much research into the psychological or physiological effects of 2C-B, there is plenty of anecdotal evidence that suggests it could be beneficial for both therapeutic purposes and personal/spiritual development. Shulgin himself recommended the use of this compound in therapy and gave it to a handful of psychologists to use with patients. He also suggested that the drug could be used in conjunction with MDMA to ease the comedown and solidify any revelations brought on by the experience.

People have also reported profound spiritual and personal experiences during a 2C-B trip, including feelings of connections to the self, others, and the universe, which can last long after the trip has come to an end.

2C-B is metabolized by the monoamine oxidases (MAOs) A and B, so it likely poses a risk for people on MAO inhibitors (MAOIs). [19] [20] These include some types of antidepressants, as well as ayahuasca.

Research into the safety of 2C-B is otherwise lacking, which could have a lot to do with its legal status. [19] [21] What we do know about the drug is mostly anecdotal. For instance, some users report taking up to 10 times the highest recommended dose with no lingering health problems. [3] [7] [22] [23] While some fatalities have been linked to other substances in the 2C family (including 2C-T-7 and 2C-I-NBOMe), none have been attributed to 2C-B alone. [14] That said, virtually nothing is known about the medium- to long-term health risks and some users may be more susceptible than others. [14] [19]

One female user experienced severe headaches, brain dysfunction, and weak limbs within 48 hours of taking liquid 2C-B. [24] In a similar sort of time frame, a male user with no family history of psychosis began to experience auditory hallucinations, increased irritability, and paranoid delusions. [25] These symptoms persisted for two months until he was treated with the antipsychotic medication risperidone. It should be noted, however, that in neither of these highly unusual cases was the presence of 2C-B confirmed. [19]

As with other psychedelics, set and setting are pivotal to the safety of a 2C-B experience. It’s best to avoid this drug during times of psychological distress, or too soon after difficult life experiences. [4] Public settings should also be avoided, at least to begin with. [7]

Because 2C-B can inhibit one’s spatial coordination and attention span, a space as free from hazards as possible is the ideal setting for an experience. The drug’s mild anesthetic effect can sometimes allow injuries to go unnoticed. [11] [26] Driving is especially dangerous while under the influence and should always be avoided.

Therapeutic Use

Shulgin—who is known as the “Godfather of Ecstacy”— believed the compound’s relatively short duration and empathogenic effects would be of value to psychologists and psychotherapists. [5] He was especially enthusiastic about its synergy with MDMA and believed the insights from an MDMA experience could be reinforced by using 2C-B at the end of an MDMA session, or even in a separate session. [29] [7]

After developing the drug, Shulgin gave it to a small handful of psychologists who found that the compound created a “warm, empathetic bond between themselves and their patients.” [30] They also reported that 2C-B helped their patients “get in touch with suppressed emotions and repressed memories, thereby helping to resolve psychological problems.”

Anecdotally, one user reported that the post-peak period of the 2C-B experience was conducive to working through general personal development stuff, as well as “accessing ‘earlier stages of my self’ and being able to use it in a way that’s meaningful for my present-day self.” In an amateur survey of 48 people who agreed to take 2C-T-7 (another Shulgin chemical similar to 2C-B), six participants said they experienced therapeutic or healing effects, including the resolution of deep emotional issues.

Personal Growth

Many users find 2C-B to be a kind of cathartic self-therapy tool, fostering powerful and sometimes life-changing insights about themselves and the nature of their reality. [33] [34] [35] Feeling “at one with the universe” is common, as are fresh perspectives on negative personality traits, thought patterns, and destructive behaviors. [11]

The malleability of the 2C-B experience allows users to focus on positive thoughts over negative ones and leads to an understanding of the impact of habitual thought processes. [36] According to psychedelic researcher D. M. Turner, 2C-B can also be used to strengthen parts of the ego while dissolving others, ultimately resulting in a more positive self-image. [10]

In South Africa, 2C-B (as Ubulawu Nomathotholo) has been linked to revelatory visions of spirit animals and tribal ancestors, including meetings with the Xhosa creator deity. Following these “journeys,” users reported becoming more confident and resolving longstanding grief, among other personal benefits. [30]

Like MDMA, 2C-B promotes empathy and understanding between people. One mother who took the drug with her son—who had recently moved away—learned how to let go as a parent and accept his individuality. Importantly for their relationship, she came to appreciate him as a separate, self-contained being. [37] Others report its usefulness in strengthening bonds between couples.

At present, 2C-B doesn’t appear to be legal in any country. It is illegal in the United States, Canada, the European Union (except the Czech Republic and Portugal), Australia, and more.

History & Stats

2C-B remained largely underground throughout its early days. It was first encountered by the DEA in 1979, but—aside from the seizure of several clandestine laboratories—no legislative action was taken. [40]

When MDMA was banned in 1985, 2C-B’s popularity surged as a legal alternative. [41] [27] It was also developed as an aphrodisiac by the German pharmaceutical company Drittewelle (meaning “third wave,” interestingly enough!), and marketed under the brand names Erox , Nexus, and Performax. [30] [42] By the early 1990s, America had become the world’s largest consumer of this over-the-counter treatment for impotence and “frigidity,” although many were using it for its psychedelic effects. [30]

The FDA banned the remedy in 1993 and urged other countries to do the same. In South Africa, it had already become popular among Xhosa-speaking sangomas (or “diviners”), who used Drittewelle’s product instead of their own increasingly scarce traditional plant medicines. Specifically for them, the drug was repackaged and distributed as Ubulawu Nomathotholo : “Medicine of the Singing Ancestors.” [30] [42]

Between 1994 and 1995, 2C-B was added to Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act in the United States. [27] [43] South Africa and others followed with legislation of their own. In response, numerous research chemical analogs, such as βk-2C-B, were developed to circumvent the law. [44]

Current usage

According to the 2014 Global Drug Survey (of a limited sample of self-selected respondents who use psychoactive drugs), 2C-B ranks among the top 20 substances used in the past year in nine different countries. The highest prevalence was in the UK, the Republic of Ireland, and the Netherlands. [45]

2C-B also appears to be one of the most commonly sourced substances on the darknet. [46] [47] [48]

“2C-B is a cheap MDMA substitute”

Although 2C-B has sometimes been sold as MDMA, the effects are substantially different. Also, 2C-B doesn’t tend to be much cheaper. [4] In the United States, it can reach similar prices to MDMA and sometimes even more. [49]

“2C-B causes violent aggression”

Can it be detected in a drug test.

2C-B cannot be detected in either standard or extended drug tests. While it could potentially trigger a false positive for amphetamines, this is unlikely given the small doses involved. [52]

The detection of 2C-B usually requires technical analysis by a specialist lab using GC/MS (gas chromatography mass spectrometry) or LC-MS (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry). [53] [54] [55] [56]

Can I test my 2C-B to see if it’s safe to take?

Testing your 2C-B is always good practice even when you trust your supplier. Reagent test kits from Bunk Police can identify hundreds of adulterants and substitutes —offering peace of mind and potentially saving your life.

The Mecke and Froehde reagents, for example, can help identify real 2C-B. Simply place a tiny amount of 2C-B into a sterile test tube or onto a sterile white ceramic surface and add a few drops of the reagent. 2C-B is the only drug known to turn this reagent a bright greenish-yellow color. [27] [28]

Can 2C-B cause psychological trauma?

Despairing thoughts, paranoid delusions, and frightening visuals (like facial distortions) may occur during a 2C-B trip. [57] [58] At very high doses, some have questioned their sanity. [59] One user even reported an alarming fear of anything alive—even plants. [7]

Nevertheless, the few cases of long-term psychosis attributed to 2C-B are highly questionable, and it’s not known that the drug was even involved.

To minimize negative experiences on 2C-B, always keep in mind the 6Ss of psychedelic use and prepare appropriately.

Are there risks?

2C-B affects the heart rate, blood pressure, and the central nervous system, which could make it unsafe for people with convulsive seizure disorders (e.g. epilepsy), heart problems, diabetes, schizophrenia, or a history of mental illness. See the Benefits & Risks section above for more information.

What is the best way to take 2C-B?

The most common way to take 2C-B is also the easiest: swallowing it as a liquid, tablet, or capsule. Other methods include snorting, vaporizing, and “plugging” (rectal administration).

Snorting 2C-B is almost unbearably painful because of its insolubility in water. However, the effects tend to be more intense, with a shorter onset, and a much smaller required dose. Shulgin suggested snorting the more water-soluble acetate or hydrobromide salt for the same effects with little to no pain. [3]

Vaporizing freebase 2C-B in a glass pipe is reportedly more potent and faster-acting than oral use, but with a shorter total duration. [60] “Plugging” liquid 2C-B into the rectum with a needleless syringe has similar effects, even on a full stomach. [61] [62]

Can I microdose with 2C-B?

Users who microdose with 2C-B have had mixed results, with some casual experimenters getting nothing out of the experience. [63] Others have reported crisper vision, enhanced tactile awareness, and a mental energy boost comparable to caffeine. [64] [65]

At this time, it’s unclear whether it’s worthwhile to microdose with 2C-B.

Does it produce tolerance?

Most but not all users report a tolerance effect from regular use (more than once every five to seven days). Since 2C-B doesn’t tend to be habit-forming, this isn’t usually a problem.

Can I mix it with other drugs?

Shulgin’s recommendation was to take it at the tail-end of an MDMA trip. Others have found it combines well with ketamine, making it easier to move without nausea and improving recollection of the K-hole. [10]

There are some drugs that 2C-B should not be mixed with, however. It is potentially very dangerous in combination with MAOIs, tramadol, mescaline, amphetamines, cocaine, and others.

[1] Center for Cognitive Liberty & Ethics. Dr. Alexander Shulgin – What is 2C-B? What are its effects? Retrieved from: http://www.cognitiveliberty.org/ccle1/shulgin/adsarchive/2cb.htm

[2] Erowid. (1996). 2C-B Dose. Retrieved from https://erowid.org/chemicals/2cb/2cb_dose.shtml .

[3] Spoerke, D. G. (1999, March 19). 2C-B FAQ. Retrieved from https://erowid.org/chemicals/2cb/2cb_faq.shtml .

[4] Erowid. (2000, Aug 21). 2C-B Basics. Retrieved from https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/2cb/2cb_basics.shtml .

[5] Shulgin, A. T., Carter, M. F. (1975). Centrally Active Phenethylamines. Psychopharmacology Communications, 1(1), 93-98.

[6] PsychonautWiki. 2C-B. Retrieved from https://psychonautwiki.org/wiki/2C-B .

[7] Shulgin, A., Shulgin, A. (1995). PiHKAL: A Chemical Love Story. Berkeley, CA: Transform Press.

[8] Erowid. (1998). 2C-B Effects. Retrieved from https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/2cb/2cb_effects.shtml .

[9] phenothiazine. (2009, Feb 1). Alexander Shulgin @ Psychedelic and Spirituality Conference 1983 (3/3) [Video]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8kuMZ3FcB6I .

[10] Turner, D. M. (1994). The Essential Psychedelic Guide. San Francisco, CA: Panther Press.

[11] Gracie and Zarkov. (1984). A High Dose 2C-B Trip. Retrieved from https://erowid.org/chemicals/2cb/2cb_info2.shtml .

[12] Shulgin, A. (2003, Feb 7). Ask Dr. Shulgin Online: 2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromophenethylamine. Retrieved from http://www.cognitiveliberty.org/shulgin/adsarchive/2cb.htm .

[13] phenothiazine. (2009, Feb 1). Alexander Shulgin @ Psychedelic and Spirituality Conference 1983 (1/3) [Video]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TaBMy63VGDw .

[14] Dean, B. V., Stellpflug, S. J., Burnett, A. M., Engebretsen, K. M. (2013). 2C or Not 2C: Phenethylamine Designer Drug Review. Journal of Medical Toxicology, 9(2), 172-178.

[15] Nichols, D. E. (2004). Hallucinogens. Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 101(2), 131-81.

[16] Villalobos, C. A., Bull, P., Sáez, P., Cassels, B. K., Huidobro-Toro, J. P. (2004). 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-B) and structurally related phenylethylamines are potent 5-HT2A receptor antagonists in Xenopus laevis oocytes. British Journal of Pharmacology, 141(7), 1167-1174.

[17] Moya, P. R. et al. (2007). Functional Selectivity of Hallucinogenic Phenethylamine and Phenylisopropylamine Derivatives at Human 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)2A and 5-HT2C Receptors. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 321(3), 1054-1061.

[18] Rickli, A., Luethi, D., Reinisch, J., Buchy, D., Hoener, M. C., Liechti, M. E. (2015). Receptor interaction profiles of novel N-2-methoxybenzyl (NBOMe) derivatives of 2,5-dimethoxy-substituted phenethylamines (2C drugs). Neuropharmacology, 99, 546-53.

[19] González, D., Torrens, M., Farré, M. (2015, Aug 7). Acute Effects of the Novel Psychoactive Drug 2C-B on Emotions. Retrieved from https://erowid.org/references/texts/show/8836docid7724 .

[20] Theobald, D. S., Maurer, H. H. (2007). Identification of monoamine oxidase and cytochrome P450 isoenzymes involved in the deamination of phenethylamine-derived designer drugs (2C-series). Biochemical Pharmacology, 73(2), 287-97.

[21] Nugteren-van Lonkhuyzen, J. J., van Riel, A. J., Brunt, T. M., Hondebrink, L. (2015). Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and toxicology of new psychoactive substances (NPS): 2C-B, 4-fluoroamphetamine and benzofurans. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 157, 18-27.

[22] orangefairy. (2009, Jan 13). 2CB OVERDOSE: An Experience with 2C-B (ID 71809). Retrieved from https://www.erowid.org/experiences/exp.php?ID=71809 .

[23] The Flow. (2005, Jan 21). Anyone experience on high-dose 2C-B [Msg 1]. Message posted to https://www.hipforums.com/forum/topic/58938-anyone-experience-on-high-dose-2c-b/ .

[24] Ambrose, J. B., Bennett, H. D., Lee, H. S., Josephson, S. A. (2010). Cerebral vasculopathy after 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine ingestion. The Neurologist, 16(3), 199-202.

[25] Huang, H. H., Bai, Y. M. (2010). Persistent psychosis after ingestion of a single tablet of ‘2C-B’. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 35(1), 293-4.

[26] O’Loughlin, C. (2017). The harsh reality of the 2C-B drug. Retrieved from https://www.thecollegeview.com/2017/02/08/harsh-reality-2cb-drug/ .

[27] National Drug Intelligence Center. (2001). 2C-B (Nexus) Reappears on the Club Drug Scene. Information Bulletin, May 2001.

[28] Psychonautika. (2016, May 11). The Most Wonderful Introduction: An Experience with 2C-B (ID 108414). Retrieved from https://erowid.org/experiences/exp.php?ID=108414 .

[29] Eisner, B. (1993). Ecstasy: The MDMA Story. Berkeley, CA: Ronin Publishing.

[30] Anu. (1996, Feb). The Nexus Factor: An Introduction to 2C-B. Retrieved from https://erowid.org/chemicals/2cb/2cb_article1.shtml .

[31] Benson, T. (2015, Jul 15). All ‘Smiles’: the history of the 2C designer drug class. Retrieved from https://www.theverge.com/2015/7/15/8962743/all-smiles-the-history-of-the-2c-designer-drug-class .

[32] Páleníček, T. et al. (2013). Behavioral, neurochemical and pharmaco-EEG profiles of the psychedelic drug 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-B) in rats. Psychopharmacology, 225, 75-93.

[33] David. (2015, Oct 8). Solo Therapy, Introspective Empathogen: An Experience with 2C-B (ID 107035). Retrieved from https://erowid.org/experiences/exp.php?ID=107035 .

[34] jhleto. (2001, Mar 24). 2C-B Impressions: An Experience with 2C-B (ID 5851). Retrieved from https://www.erowid.org/experiences/exp.php?ID=5851 .

[35] AllyCat. (2008, Sep 30). A Life Changing View of Reality: An Experience with 2C-B (ID 70661). Retrieved from https://www.erowid.org/experiences/exp.php?ID=70661 .

[36] Zeke Ralston. (2011, Aug 12). Standing in the Light: An Experience with 2-CB (ID 92173). Retrieved from https://www.erowid.org/experiences/exp.php?ID=92173 .

[37] Susan. (1994). A Mother’s Report: 2-CB, from the Newsletter of the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies. Retrieved from http://www.maps.org/news-letters/v04n4/04457fam.html .

[38] International Narcotics Control Board. (2016). Green List, 27th edition. Retrieved from https://www.incb.org/documents/Psychotropics/greenlist/2016/V1604744_Eng.pdf .

[39] King, L. (2014). New phenethylamines in Europe. Drug Testing and Analysis, 6, 808-818.

[40] DEA 21 CFR Part 1308: Schedules of Controlled Substances; Temporary Placement of 4-Bromo-2,5-Dimethoxyphenethylamine Into Schedule I, 58 Fed. Reg. 58819 (October 29, 1993).

[41] Pachico, E. (2012, Nov 1). 2C-B Now Drug of Choice for Colombia Elite. Retrieved from http://www.insightcrime.org/news-analysis/2c-b-now-drug-of-choice-for-colombia-elite .

[42] TAC Ethnobotanical Database. History of Nexus. Retrieved from http://www.tacethno.com/info/2cb/2cbhistory.html .

[43] DEA 21 CFR Part 1308: Schedules of Controlled Substances; Placement of 4-Bromo-2,5-Dimethoxyphenethylamine Into Schedule I, 60 Fed. Reg. 28717 (May 25, 1995).

[44] Kroll, D. (2012, Oct 3). NBOMics: The Science of “Smiles”. Retrieved from http://blogs.plos.org/takeasdirected/2012/10/03/nbomics-the-science-of-smiles/ .

[45] Global Drug Survey 2014. Last 12 Month Prevalence of Top 20 Drugs.

[46] Van Hout, M. C., Bingham, T. (2013). ‘Surfing the Silk Road’: a study of users’ experiences. The International Journal on Drug Policy, 24(6), 524-9.

[47] Winstock, A. R. (2015). The Global Drug Survey 2015 findings. Retrieved from https://www.globaldrugsurvey.com/the-global-drug-survey-2015-findings/ .

[48] Global Drug Survey (2016). The Global Drug Survey 2016 findings. Retrieved from https://www.globaldrugsurvey.com/past-findings/the-global-drug-survey-2016-findings/ .

[49] Street Price 2cb [Reddit]. Retrieved from https://www.reddit.com/r/2cb/comments/55awsv/street_price_2cb/ .

[50] Sales, D., Heighton, L. (2013, Jan 27). ‘Exorcist’ danger drug 2CB just a click away on net. Retrieved from https://www.thesun.co.uk/archives/news/449068/exorcist-danger-drug-2cb-just-a-click-away-on-net/ .

[51] Clarke, N. (2013, Jan 28). The ecstasy recipe book that’s killing young people like Charlotte – and turning others into raging monsters. Retrieved from http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2269308/The-ecstasy-recipe-book-thats-killing-young-people-like-Charlotte–turning-raging-monsters.html .

[52] Erowid. (2015). 2C-B Drug Testing. Retrieved from https://erowid.org/chemicals/2cb/2cb_testing.shtml .

[53] Vorce, S. P., Sklerov, J. H. (2004). A general screening and confirmation approach to the analysis of designer tryptamines and phenethylamines in blood and urine using GC-EI-MS and HPLC-electrospray-MS. Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 28(6), 407-10.

[54] Theobold, D. S., Fritschi, G., Maurer, H. H. (2007). Studies on the toxicological detection of the designer drug 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxy-beta-phenethylamine (2C-B) in rat urine using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography. B, Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences, 846(1-2), 374-7.

[55] Pichini, S. et al. (2008). Liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure ionization electrospray mass spectrometry determination of “hallucinogenic designer drugs” in urine of consumers. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 47(2), 335-42.

[56] Kerrigan, S., Banuelos, S., Perrella, L., Hardy, B. (2011). Simultaneous Detection of Ten Psychedelic Phenethylamines in Urine by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 35(7), 459-469.

[57] Doctor. (2012, Jun 25). Worthless Anxious Confusion: An Experience with 2C-B (ID 96517). Retrieved from https://www.erowid.org/experiences/exp.php?ID=96517 .

[58] RobertJohnson35. (2016, May 18). Humdinger Terror: An Experience with 2C-B (ID 107333). Retrieved from https://www.erowid.org/experiences/exp.php?ID=107333 .

[59] Tryed-It. (2008, Aug 15). Heart Matrix – Overload: An Experience with 2C-B (ID 71783). Retrieved from https://www.erowid.org/experiences/exp.php?ID=71783 .

[60] Vaporizing 2C-B? [Reddit]. Retrieved from https://www.reddit.com/r/Drugs/comments/17bdq8/vaporizing_2cb/ .

[61] xnidcx. (2007, Sep 6). B’s Best in the Butt: An Experience with 2C-B (ID 60582). Retrieved from https://erowid.org/experiences/exp.php?ID=60582 .

[62] My experience with 2C-B plugging (rectal administration) [Reddit]. Retrieved from https://www.reddit.com/r/Drugs/comments/35zggi/my_experience_with_2cb_plugging_rectal/ .

[63] Thomas, S. (2016, Dec 13). My Year in Productivity While Microdosing. Retrieved from https://www.vice.com/en_uk/article/my-year-in-productivity-while-microdosing .

[64] Microdosing 2c-b [Reddit]. Retrieved from https://www.reddit.com/r/Drugs/comments/39i6li/microdosing_2cb/ .

[65] Microdosing? [Reddit]. Retrieved from https://www.reddit.com/r/2cb/comments/51is60/microdosing/ .

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The Health Benefits of Vitamin B Complex

Leoni is an international contributing writer with expertise in the fields of health & wellness.

Mia Syn, MS, RDN is a registered dietitian nutritionist with a master of science in human nutrition. She is also the host of Good Food Friday on ABC News 4.

Sean is a fact-checker and researcher with experience in sociology, field research, and data analytics.

Health Benefits

Possible side effects, what to look for, frequently asked questions.

Vitamin B complex is a supplement that usually delivers eight of the B vitamins: B1 ( thiamin ), B2 ( riboflavin ), B3 ( niacin ), B5 (pantothenic acid), B6 (pyridoxine), B7 (biotin), B9 ( folate ), and B12 ( cobalamin ). Found naturally in meat, leafy greens, dairy, beans, peas, and whole or fortified grains, B vitamins are water-soluble and play essential roles in certain bodily functions, such as helping your body make energy from the food you eat and forming red blood cells .

Each of the eight vitamins in vitamin B complex supplements has its own unique set of health benefits. For instance, vitamin B1 is critical for the growth, development, and function of cells in the body. Other vitamins, such as B2, work cooperatively in the body with other B vitamins to convert food into energy. B2 converts B6 into a usable form and aids in niacin production, which is mainly obtained from food and is essential in the proper functioning of cells.

Whilst vitamin B5 breaks down fats and carbohydrates for energy and helps the body use other vitamins, such as riboflavin (found in B2), B6 is involved in immune function and is required by the body to use and store protein and carbohydrates from food in the form of glycogen .

B7 helps the body convert fats, carbohydrates, and proteins from the food you eat into energy. It is also needed to make fatty acids (which help to build and sustain overall health) and maintain bone and hair health. Vitamin B9 is required to help cells produce and maintain DNA (the genetic material found in all body cells), while B12 is important for protein metabolism.

Keep in mind, not everyone requires vitamin B supplementation. Speak with your health care provider if you believe supplementation may benefit you. Depending on your individual needs, your provider may advise you to take a specific B vitamin supplement, such as B6 or B12, instead of a vitamin B complex supplement.

Converts Food Into Energy

Most B vitamins are involved in the process of converting food into energy. Some help to metabolize carbohydrates and others aid in breaking down fat and/or protein.

While this is an essential process, that's not to say taking a vitamin B complex supplement will boost your energy . Although B vitamins are essential for your body, the effect is different when they are consumed in the form of dietary supplements rather than food. A B-complex supplement may fill a specific vitamin gap or deficiency, however, it cannot provide energy in the form of calories like a food source.

B vitamins involved: B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, and B12

Supports Brain Health

Research shows that B vitamins support just about every aspect of brain health. While all B vitamins promote healthy brain function , a 2016 review published in Nutrients indicates that vitamins B6, B9, and B12 in particular play a role in homocysteine metabolism, which helps reduce the risk of cognitive decline and dementia. In particular, B12 supports healthy DNA structures, which is important during fetal development and the prevention of chronic disease and cancer.

Vitamin B6 supports both brain development and function, while vitamin B9 (folate) can reduce the risk of birth defects in the brain and spine, such as spina bifida. For that reason, pregnant people are often prescribed a folate supplement .

B vitamins involved: B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12

Produces Red Blood Cells

Some B vitamins, particularly vitamin B12, play an essential role in the formation of red blood cells. Healthy red blood cells are needed to transport oxygen to every part of the body, and when there's a vitamin B12 deficiency, the body will struggle to produce enough red blood cells, often leading to anemia .

Vitamins B2 and B9 are also needed for red blood cell production and growth. While vitamin B5 plays a role in red blood cell production, it also helps reduce the amount of cholesterol produced by the body. And vitamin B6, which is required for more than 100 different enzyme reactions in the body, aids in the formation of hemoglobin, which also allows red blood cells to carry oxygen through the blood.

B vitamins involved: B2, B5, B6, B9, B12

Promotes Nervous System Health

Vitamin B2 helps maintain health of the eyes, nervous system, and skin. It also aids in the conversion of food into energy and helps enzymes in the body function properly—not to mention, it makes and repairs DNA, and helps with the optimal function of the digestive and nervous systems.

B vitamins involved: B1, B2, B3, B6, B12

Supports Hormone Production

Vitamins B3 and B5 are needed for the production of hormones in the adrenal glands, such as sex and stress hormones. On the other hand, vitamin B6 stimulates neurotransmitters and hormones that influence mood and regulate the body's biological clock.

B vitamins involved: B3, B5, B6

May Reduce Stress

Research shows that certain B vitamins may help to alleviate stress. For instance, a 2019 study published in Nutrients determined that vitamin B supplementation can benefit mood, though more research on the dietary patterns and micronutrient statuses of broader populations is needed to make an evidence-based recommendation.

May Prevent Migraines

Vitamin B supplementations have been found to prevent migraines in some people, such as in a 2015 report that analyzed the effects of vitamin B supplementation on individuals with migraines. The authors determined that reducing homocysteine levels with folic acid (the synthetic form of folate) and vitamins B6 and B12 may help reduce symptoms associated alongside migraine with aura—meaning a recurring headache with sensory disturbances.

However, the report notes that more rigorous research is required to determine the safety and efficacy of B vitamin supplementation as a preventative measure for people with chronic migraine headaches.

B vitamins involved: B2, B6, B9, B12

Although vitamin B complex supplements are water-soluble and are not retained in the body for long, large doses in supplement form can cause certain side effects . There is a daily tolerable intake level (UL) for some B vitamins (which is above what most people need) but it is not established for all of the B vitamins.

For example, the RDA for thiamin (vitamin B1) is 1.2 milligrams and there is no tolerable upper limit due to there being no adverse effects recorded at intakes above 50 milligram—but that doesn't mean there can't be. The tolerable upper limit for niacin (vitamin B3) is 35 milligrams, for vitamin B6 it's 100 milligrams, and vitamin B9 (folate) is 1000 micrograms.

Consuming more than the UL increases your chances of side effects such as:

• B3 (niacin): Excess B3 may cause skin flushing or pain, elevated blood sugar levels, and liver toxicity.
• B6 (pyridoxine): Too much B6 can lead to nerve damage, skin lesions, worsening of kidney function, and increased risk of heart attack, stroke, and death in people with diabetes and advanced kidney disease. Studies have associated high doses of vitamin B6 with a slightly increased risk of hip fracture  and increased risk of lung cancer (when taken with vitamin B12).
• B9 (folate): A higher than required intake of vitamin B6 can result in kidney damage, increased insulin resistance in offspring, lower natural killer cell activity in older women, and may be associated with an increased risk of some cancers. It also may mask the diagnosis of a vitamin B12 deficiency.
• B12 (cobalamin): Vitamin B12 has been found to speed the decline in kidney function and increase the risk of cardiovascular events in people with impaired kidney function. High doses of vitamin B12, taken with folic acid, have been associated with a greater risk of cancer and mortality, along with acne and rosacea in some people.

Before starting any supplement, you should consult with your healthcare provider.

Although consuming a varied diet is usually sufficient for getting enough B vitamins from food, some people are at an increased risk of deficiency—particularly those who are over the age of 50, take antacid medication, or have  celiac disease , Crohn's disease, gastritis, or other digestive disorders.

If you have had stomach or weight loss surgery, drink alcohol regularly, or follow a vegetarian or vegan diet, you may also be more prone to a deficiency and can benefit from taking these immunity-supporting supplements . People who are pregnant or breastfeeding may need more vitamins B6, B12, and folate.

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) provides the following recommended daily intakes (RDI) for each of the eight B vitamins:

Maintaining your RDI of B vitamins can help prevent deficiencies. Depending on which B vitamin(s) you are deficient in, symptoms can include one or more of the following:

• Brittle hair and nails
• Cardiovascular symptoms
• Difficulty concentrating
• Irritability
• Nervousness
• Short-term memory loss
• Skin disorders
• Upset stomach
• Weight loss

In the United States, dietary supplements are not held to the same rigorous testing standards as pharmaceutical drugs. This means that the quality of supplements, like vitamin B complex, may vary from one brand to the next and you can find many different brands of vitamin B supplements at drug stores, grocery stores, health food shops, and online.

When shopping for B vitamins, look for brands that have been tested by an independent certification organization, such as the U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP), ConsumerLab, or NSF International. This can help to ensure quality.

Vitamin B supplements should be stored in a cool, dry place and out of reach of children.

Dietary Sources of B Vitamins

B vitamins are found primarily in animal food sources and fortified cereals , although many vegetables, fruits, nuts, and legumes also contain a certain amount of B vitamins. Here's a look at common food sources, of which you'll notice many overlap.

• B1 (thiamin) : Fortified breakfast cereal, enriched and whole-grain products (including whole-grain bread , breakfast cereals, rice, noodles, and flour), wheat germ, pork, trout, black beans, mussels, and tuna
• B2 (riboflavin) : Milk and dairy products, fortified breakfast cereals, beef liver, clams, portobello mushrooms, almonds, and chicken
• B3 (niacin) : Eggs, fish, fortified bread and cereal, rice, nuts, milk and dairy, chicken, beef, turkey, lamb, organ meats, peanuts
• B5 (pantothenic acid) : Meat, avocado , broccoli, kale, eggs, milk, mushrooms, fortified cereals, organ meats, poultry, potatoes, and legumes
• B6 (pyridoxine) : Chickpeas , beef liver, tuna, salmon , chicken breast, fortified breakfast cereal, potatoes, turkey, fruits (except citrus), and beef
• B7 (biotin) : Beef liver , egg yolk, wheat germ, pork, beef, sunflower seeds, sweet potato, almonds, whole-grain foods, sardines, spinach, and broccoli
• B9 (folate) : Spinach, beef liver, broccoli, Brussels sprouts , beans and legumes, asparagus, orange juice, peanuts, avocado, dark leafy greens , fortified cereals, and salmon
• B12 (cobalamin) : Beef liver (and other organ meats), clams and other shellfish, beef, chicken, fish, eggs, milk and other dairy products, and some fortified cereals

A Word From Verywell

To maintain your health, you can get everything you need from eating a varied, balanced diet filled with foods naturally rich in B vitamins, such as leafy greens, nuts, beans and legumes, whole grains, lean protein, mushrooms, and eggs. There isn't solid evidence to support taking excessive amounts of B vitamins if you're not deficient in them.

However, if you're struggling to consume the RDI of B vitamin from your diet, taking a vitamin B supplement may be beneficial. Deficiency in B vitamins can cause a number of symptoms, including tiredness, anemia, loss of appetite, depression, abdominal pain, muscle cramps , hair loss, and eczema. Consult your healthcare provider to find out whether a vitamin B complex supplement is right for you.

The RDI of each type of vitamin B varies from person to person factoring in sex, age, and pregnancy. For example, men will generally require higher doses of vitamin B1, B2, and B3 than women, while those who are pregnant will need more folate than the RDI. People who follow vegetarian or vegan diets may require supplementation of certain B vitamins, such as vitamin B12 .

Although your body may potentially benefit from vitamin B complex from day one (especially if you have a deficiency), a study on the consumption of the supplement required a four-week intake period to fully understand its effect on depressive symptoms, anxiety, and stress. Therefore, although some may feel the benefits right away, for others it can take longer.

Water-soluble vitamins (such as B vitamins) require sufficient water for optimal absorption. Therefore, it's generally recommended you take this type of supplement on an empty stomach and with a glass of water. While there is not one optimal time for taking vitamin B complex, since many B vitamins are known for their energy-boosting effects, you may want to take it in the morning.

Most people do not require a vitamin B complex injection if they're consuming sufficient levels of vitamin B from a varied diet. However, if you feel it might be beneficial in improving general health and energy levels, speak with your healthcare provider to determine if the injection is suitable for you.

National Institutes of Health. Office of Dietary Supplements. Riboflavin . Updated March 26, 2021.

National Institutes of Health. Office of Dietary Supplements. Vitamin B6 Fact Sheet for Health Professionals .

National Institutes of Health. Office of Dietary Supplements. Folate Fact Sheet for Health Professionals .

National Institutes of Health. Office of Dietary Supplements. Vitamin B12 . Updated April 6, 2021.

National Institutes of Health. Office of Dietary Supplements. Pantothenic Acid .

National Institutes of Health. Office of Dietary Supplements. Biotin . Updated January 15, 2021.

Kennedy DO. B vitamins and the brain: Mechanisms, dose and efficacy—A review .  Nutrients . 2016;8(2):68. doi:10.3390/nu8020068

Paraskevi P. The role of vitamin B12 in DNA modulation mechanisms .  Front Pharmacol . 2010;1. doi:10.3389/conf.fphar.2010.60.00140

Langan RC, Goodbred AJ. Vitamin b12 deficiency: Recognition and management .  Am Fam Physician . 2017;96(6):384-389.

Parra M, Stahl S, Hellmann H. Vitamin b₆ and its role in cell metabolism and physiology .  Cells . 2018;7(7). doi:10.3390/cells7070084

Pavlov CS, Damulin IV, Shulpekova YO, Andreev EA. Neurological disorders in vitamin B12 deficiency .  Ter Arkh . 2019;91(4):122-129. doi:10.26442/00403660.2019.04.000116

National Institutes of Health. Office of Dietary Supplements. Niacin Fact Sheet for Health Professionals .

Young LM, Pipingas A, White DJ, Gauci S, Scholey A. A systematic review and meta-analysis of b vitamin supplementation on depressive symptoms, anxiety, and stress: Effects on healthy and “at-risk” individuals .  Nutrients . 2019;11(9). doi:10.3390/nu11092232

Shaik MM, Gan SH. Vitamin supplementation as possible prophylactic treatment against migraine with aura and menstrual migraine .  BioMed Research International . 2015;2015:1-10. doi:10.1155/2015/469529

National Institutes of Health. Office of Dietary Supplements. Thiamin. Fact Sheet for Health Professionals . Updated March 26, 2021.

Garcia Lopez M, Bønaa KH, Ebbing M, et al. B vitamins and hip fracture: secondary analyses and extended follow-up of two large randomized controlled trials: b vitamins & hip fracture: Secondary analysis and extended follow-up .  J Bone Miner Res . 2017;32(10):1981-1989. doi:10.1002/jbmr.3189

Brasky TM, White E, Chen C-L. Long-term, supplemental, one-carbon metabolism-related vitamin b use in relation to lung cancer risk in the vitamins and lifestyle (Vital) cohort .  J Clin Oncol . 2017;35(30):3440-3448. doi:10.1200/JCO.2017.72.7735

Meyer HE, Willett WC, Fung TT, Holvik K, Feskanich D. Association of high intakes of vitamins B6 and B12 from food and supplements with risk of hip fracture among postmenopausal women in the nurses' health study . JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(5):e193591. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.3591

Spence JD, Yi Q, Hankey GJ. B vitamins in stroke prevention: time to reconsider .  Lancet Neurol . 2017;16(9):750-760. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(17)30180-1

Oliai araghi S, Kiefte-de jong JC, Van dijk SC, et al. Folic acid and Vitamin B12 supplementation and the risk of cancer: Long-term follow-up of the B Vitamins for the prevention of osteoporotic fractures (B-PROOF) trial.  Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev . 2019;28(2):275-282. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-17-1198

Brescoll J, Daveluy S. A review of vitamin B12 in dermatology . Am J Clin Dermato l. 2015;16(1):27-33. doi:10.1007/s40257-014-0107-3

Young LM, Pipingas A, White DJ, Gauci S, Scholey A. A systematic review and meta-analysis of b vitamin supplementation on depressive symptoms, anxiety, and stress: effects on healthy and ‘at-risk’ individuals .  Nutrients . 2019;11(9):2232. doi:10.3390/nu11092232

Afriyie-Gyawu E, Ifebi E, Ampofo-Yeboah A, Kyte B, Shrestha S, Zhang J. Serum folate levels and fatality among diabetic adults: A 15-y follow-up study of a national cohort . Nutrition . 2016;32(4):468-73. 

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Tio M, Andrici J, Cox MR, Eslick GD.  Folate intake and the risk of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis . Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis . 2014;17(3):213-9. 

U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. National Institutes of Health. Thiamin .

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The 6 Best B-Complex Supplements of 2024

Dietitian approved supplements to help meet your B-vitamin needs

Verywell Health / Amelia Manley

B-Complex refers to the eight B vitamins including, B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B3 (niacin), B5 (pantothenic acid), B6 (pyridoxine), B7 (biotin), B9 (folate), and B12 (cobalamin). B vitamins are involved in many processes in the body, most notably in energy production, protein metabolism, and cell division. Many people can meet their B vitamin requirements from diet alone, and there are no demonstrated benefits of getting extra B vitamins beyond the body’s requirements. 

However, there are some people that may benefit from a B complex supplement, including those with limited diets, older adults, those with gastrointestinal conditions , pregnant people, and people who have undergone bariatric surgery. Some may just need to supplement with one or two B vitamins rather than taking the entire B-complex, so it is important to talk with a healthcare provider to assess your individual needs.

When choosing a B-complex supplement, look for which B vitamins are included and the dosage of each compared to your needs. Additionally, note what other ingredients the supplement contains, and aim for a supplement that is third-party tested for purity and potency, to verify that it contains what is listed on the label, and free from any potential contaminants.

Editor's Note

Our team of registered dietitians reviews and evaluates every single supplement we recommend according to our dietary supplement methodology . From there, a registered dietitian on our Medical Expert Board reviews each article for scientific accuracy.

Some B vitamins may interact with certain medications like those used for cancer treatments, epilepsy, or autoimmune diseases. Always speak with a healthcare professional before adding a supplement to your routine to ensure that the supplement is appropriate for your individual needs, and to find out what dosage to take.

Are B-Complex Supplements Beneficial?

Who may not benefit from b-complex supplements, how we select supplements.

• What to Look for

Best Overall

Nutrilite vitamin b dual action.

NSF certified

Contains at least 100% of all eight B vitamins

Slow release tablet

Contains spirulina, which may not be beneficial for all

Nutrilite Vitamin B Dual Action stands out as a top pick for B-complex supplements, as it contains all eight of the B vitamins in a “dual action” slow-release tablet that dissolves over eight hours. It releases B12 and B2 quickly, then slowly releases the other B vitamins throughout the day, providing you with 125% to 417% of your daily B vitamin needs. It's also certified by NSF, so you can feel extra confident that it contains exactly what's on the label with no harmful contaminants.

This supplement provides vitamin B12 in the form of cyanocobalamin. In addition to the B vitamins, it contains 75 milligrams of spirulina, a type of blue green algae that contains protein, omega-3 fatty acids , and antioxidants. While the amount of spirulina in this supplement may be too low to have any effect, spirulina may lower blood pressure, slow blood clotting, increase immune system activity, and lower blood sugar. Please talk to a healthcare provider before starting this supplement if you are taking medication for diabetes, immunosuppressants, or anticoagulants.

Nutrilite Vitamin B Dual Action is a great supplement to take to ensure you are getting adequate B vitamins in your diet, without providing too much above the recommended intake.

Form: Tablet | Type: Cyanocobalamin, folate | Dosage: 1 tablet daily, preferably with a meal in the morning

Best Budget

Nature made super b-complex.

Third-party tested and USP certified and verified

Addition of vitamin C

Pills may have a strong smell and taste

We love that NatureMade makes high quality supplements at an affordable price point. Their Super B-Complex is no exception. It's third-party tested and USP certified, so you can feel confident that what is on the label is what's in the bottle. You’ll get all eight B vitamins from this tablet, ranging from 118% to 8,333% of your daily needs of each. As a bonus, this Super B-Complex contains 167% of the daily value of vitamin C, which is an important antioxidant and is involved in immune function.

The small pills are easy to swallow, though you might notice they have a particular smell and flavor. While excess B vitamins are likely not harmful and your body can easily get rid of them, these do have high levels of both thiamin and riboflavin. In fact, this pick is particularly high in thiamin, with one tablet providing 100 mg or 8,333% of daily needs. While thiamin does not have an unsafe Upper Limit, it is worth noting supplements with doses higher than 50 mg per day of thiamin have not been well studied. If you have questions about this level of thiamin, ask a healthcare provider for individual recommendation.

Form: Tablet | Type: Cyanocobalamin, folate | Dose: 1 tablet daily with a meal and water

Best Allergy-Friendly

Thorne research b-complex #6.

NSF tested and certified for sport

Safe for those with food allergies

May reduce symptoms of premenstrual syndrome

Insufficient folate for pregnancy

We love that Thorne is dedicated to making high quality supplements, and their NSF certified for sport B-Complex #6 is no exception. The Thorne brand is known for its hypoallergenic products and dedication to the purest ingredients. This product is made without gluten, eggs, tree nuts, peanuts, soy, yeast, dairy, shellfish, or fish. The B-Complex #6 has all eight B vitamins, with extra B6. Amounts range from 84% to 5882% of your daily B vitamin needs.

This supplement may be especially beneficial for women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Vitamin B6 is involved in neurotransmitter synthesis, which is essential for mood and stress support. Some research has shown supplemental B6 to relieve premenstrual symptoms .

While this supplement contains ample amounts of most B vitamins, it contains slightly below the recommended daily amount of folate, so we would not recommend this supplement for pregnant people and people of child bearing age. You may also notice that the amount of niacin in Thorne's B-Complex #6 exceeds the established upper intake level (UL). However, Thorne carefully formulates their supplements, and the form of niacin used in this supplement is niacinamide, which has not demonstrated adverse effects until much higher doses than the upper limit and than what is included in this supplement.

Form: Capsule | Type: Methylcobalamin, methyltetrahydrofolate | Dose: 1 capsule daily

Best Whole Food

Garden of life vitamin b complex.

ConsumerLab.com tested and approved

Certified vegan & gluten-free

Made from whole foods

Contains a probiotic and enzyme blend that may not be suitable for all

If you prioritize supplements from real foods, Garden of Life Vitamin Code Raw B Complex is an excellent choice. While many supplement brands don't list where their vitamins are sourced from, Garden of Life supplements are derived from whole food blends—including foods like organic broccoli and organic spinach.

Vitamin Code Raw B-complex supplement provides all eight of the B vitamins in various amounts, from 113% to 5542% your daily needs. We like that the vitamin B12 is in the methylcobalamin form which is highly absorbable.

This product is certified vegan, Non-GMO Project Verified, NSF Certified Gluten-Free, and has been tested and approved through ConsumerLab.com's voluntary certification program, and was included in ConsumerLab.com's 2023 B Vitamin Supplements Review . In addition to the organic food blend, this supplement has an added raw probiotic and enzyme blend which some people may not want or need. Therefore, we recommend to ask a healthcare professional before taking this supplement especially if you are on any medication.

Form: Capsule | Type: Methylcobalamin, folate | Dosage: 2 capsules daily with or without food

Nordic Naturals Vitamin B Complex

Certified vegan

Certificate of analysis available

Exact amount of B12 recommended for vegans and vegetarians

With Nordic Naturals B-Complex, you'll get a dose of all eight B vitamins, ranging from 83% to 10,417% of your daily needs. Nordic Naturals prioritizes the forms of the vitamins that are activated and more readily absorbed by your body.

This might be a great supplement choice if you are vegan or vegetarian, and that's not just because it's certified vegan. Our bodies absorb only about 1% of the B12 we get from supplements, and the main food sources of B12 are animal foods. Because of this, nutrition experts recommend that vegans supplement with over 10,000% of the daily value of vitamin B12 each day and that vegetarians who eat dairy and eggs take this amount of B12 a few times per week. Nordic Naturals B-complex provides this exact amount of B12.

This option is also Non-GMO verified. Each Nordic Naturals supplement is third-party tested for purity. The company also offers the ability to look up a certificate of analysis for the products you purchase, and prioritizes minimal added ingredients beyond the vitamins.

Form:  Capsule | Type: Methylcobalamin, Methyltetrahydrofolate | Dose: 1 capsule daily

Best Gluten Free

New chapter fermented vitamin b complex.

Certified organic and gluten-free

Form may be more absorbable

Not suitable for those with soy allergies

No third-party testing

For consumers who need to follow a gluten-free diet , it is important that supplements are also gluten-free. This Fermented Vitamin B Complex supplement by New Chapter is certified gluten-free by NSF. It’s also USDA Certified Organic and Non-GMO Project Verified. Each tablet provides all eight B vitamins, ranging from 100% to 500% of your daily needs.

You’ll find vitamin B12 in the form of cyanocobalamin and folate in the form of methylfolate, both highly bioavailable forms. The vitamins in this supplement are derived from fermented foods (such as organic soy flour), which may support better digestion and absorption of nutrients. While this product is not third-party tested by our most trusted organizations, they do in-house testing for heavy metals, solvents, pesticides, and ingredient testing.

It is important to note that this supplement contains an herbal blend of maca , schizandra, and cardamom, which may be problematic for people on certain medications or with certain health conditions. Double-check with a healthcare provider if you have any medical conditions or are taking any medications.

Form: Tablet | Type: Cyanocobalamin, methylfolate | Dose: 1 tablet daily

While the B vitamins can work in conjunction with each other, each one has its own unique structure and function in the body. Since most people obtain adequate B vitamins in their diets, B vitamin deficiencies are rare in the United States. Deficiencies cause various symptoms including impaired cognition, skin rashes, anemia, and reduced immune function. If you have a deficiency in any B vitamins, be sure to discuss recommended dosage with a healthcare provider to find a supplement that provides adequate amounts.

Those who might benefit from B vitamin supplementation include:

• People with limited diets: According to Lauren Manaker, MS, RDN, LD, CLEC, CPT, “People who do not eat a balanced diet may benefit from a B-complex, as this supplement could help fill potential nutritional gaps. For example, people who follow a vegan lifestyle run the risk of becoming deficient in certain B vitamins—specifically vitamin B12. Sources of vitamin B12 most often include foods derived from animals (i.e. beef, chicken, eggs, and milk).”
• Pregnant People: “B vitamins are especially important during pregnancy because they help reduce the risk of birth defects,” says Paula Doebrich, RDN, MPH. Women who are planning a pregnancy, are pregnant, or are breastfeeding have an increased need for folate and must take a folate supplement. However, it might make the most sense to get the necessary B vitamins from a prenatal-specific multivitamin. If your prenatal does not contain adequate levels of B vitamins, a B-complex supplement may be beneficial.
• People looking to support wound healing or prevent canker sores: In addition to their basic everyday functions, research shows the important role that B vitamins play in wound healing. Thiamine is particularly vital to promote wound healing and increase breaking strength during healing. There is also evidence to support B-complex supplementation to help prevent recurring canker sores in the mouth, particularly with vitamin B12.
• Older adults: B-complex supplementation may have some benefit on cognitive function for older adults who have mild cognitive impairment or those without cognitive impairment. Older adults may be at particularly high risk of vitamin B12 deficiency , as they are often less able to absorb the micronutrient. Supplementation may help prevent or correct related issues, including issues with red blood cell formation and psychiatric symptoms.
• People with gastrointestinal disorders: People with gastrointestinal disorders such as Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) can have malabsorption of several vitamins and minerals, including vitamins B1, B6, B12, and folate. A B-complex supplement can help counteract malabsorption and ensure adequate nutrient levels.

For most healthy individuals eating a well-balanced diet, B-complex supplements are not necessary. B vitamins are found in a wide variety of foods in different amounts, including leafy greens, salmon, legumes, eggs, milk, beef, and whole grains.

The FDA does not evaluate any supplements for safety and effectiveness before they go to market, including B-complex supplements. Some of the B vitamins may interfere with certain medications. For example, folate may reduce the effectiveness of methotrexate (used to treat certain cancers and autoimmune diseases) and some antiepileptic drugs. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional before beginning any supplementation routine, especially if you are taking any medications.

Supplement companies may claim that a B-complex supplement offers a host of other benefits, including reducing anxiety, improving athletic performance, and treating ADHD. However, research in these other areas is limited with mixed results. We need more research to make conclusions about the effectiveness of B-complex supplementation in these other areas. And, since B vitamins are found naturally in several foods in our diets, most people will get enough B vitamins from eating a well-balanced diet.

Our team works hard to be transparent about why we recommend certain supplements; you can read more about our dietary supplement methodology here .

We support supplements that are evidence-based and rooted in science. We value certain product attributes that we find to be associated with the highest quality products. We also consulted with these nutrition experts for their valued opinions on what to consider when shopping for B-complex supplements:

• Lauren Manaker , MS, RDN, LD, CLEC, CPT
• Paula Doebrich , RDN, MPH, founder of Happea Nutrition in New York City

It's important to note that the FDA does not review dietary supplements for safety and effectiveness before they go to market. Our team of experts has created a detailed, science-backed methodology to choose the supplements we recommend.

What to Look for in a B-Complex Supplement

Third-party testing.

Supplements that are third-party tested are sent to a lab where they are tested to ensure they contain what they say they contain and are not contaminated with specific high-risk, common contaminants. However, it’s important to note:

• Third-party testing does not test to see if a product is effective or safe for everyone, and it does not ensure the supplement will not interact with other supplements or medications.
• Not all third-party testing is created equal. It is not uncommon for supplement companies to pay labs for certificates after conducting minimal to no testing. 
• The third-party certifications we can trust are: ConsumerLab.com, NSF, and USP. However, these certifications are difficult to obtain and/or expensive for manufacturers, so many companies choose not to get their products tested by one of these three organizations. 
• Sometimes products tested by these three companies are more expensive to try to offset the cost they pay for certification.
• Just because a supplement is not tested by one of these three companies, it does not mean it’s a bad product. We recommend doing some research on the reputability of the manufacturer, and calling up the manufacturer and their testing lab to determine their protocols and decide if you feel comfortable consuming the supplement.

Vitamins exist in different forms, and some forms are better absorbed by our bodies than others. For B-complex supplements, the forms of folate are particularly important to look for. Folic acid, a synthetic form of folate, is better absorbed by the body than folate, including food sources of folate. Another readily bioavailable form of supplemental folate is methylfolate.

Vitamin B12 will likely be listed as cyanocobalamin, adenosylcobalamin, methylcobalamin, or hydroxocobalamin. Absorption rates of each type are similar.

Is PABA in B Complex?

Para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) is often referred to as vitamin B10 and may be in some B-complex supplements. PABA is also found in some sunscreens, as it has been shown to absorb UV rays. While PABA is called a B vitamin, it is not currently considered an essential nutrient we need to get in the diet.

While some B-complex supplements have PABA in low doses, the effect of taking PABA as a supplement is not well studied, especially in high doses. Therefore, we did not include in this roundup B-complex supplements that have PABA as an ingredient.

Ingredients & Potential Interactions

It is essential to carefully read the ingredient list and nutrition facts panel of a supplement to know which ingredients and how much of each ingredient is included, relative to the recommended daily value of that ingredient. Please bring the supplement label to your healthcare provider to review the different ingredients contained in the supplement and any potential interactions between these ingredients and other supplements and medications you are taking.

Some of the B vitamins may interact with certain medications, including antiepileptics, anticonvulsants, and methotrexate. Speak to a healthcare provider about potential medication interactions before beginning any new supplements.

FDA Update & Emerging Research

There are two vitamin B3 compounds, called nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), that are currently sold as individual supplements and as ingredients in B-complex vitamins. Both of these compounds are precursors to NAD+, which is an enzyme involved in various metabolic functions in the body, essential for energy production and healthy cell function. While more research is needed, some studies show potential benefits of taking these supplements, including improved energy levels, cognitive function, and cardiovascular health, as well as delayed effects of aging.

However, a recent study showed a correlation between nicotinamide riboside supplementation and increased risk for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and metastases to the brain. It is important to note that this was a small, animal-based study, and more research is needed to confirm any association between nicotinamide riboside supplements and cancer risk.

Separately, as of November 2022, the FDA prohibits nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) to be sold as a supplement while they investigate its potential usage as a drug. Because this mandate is new, you will likely still see this ingredient on the market until the regulation is fully enforced. The B-complex vitamins we recommend in this article do not contain nicotinamide riboside (NR) or nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN).

Keep in mind there are various forms of B3 available in food, so adequate amounts can be achieved through diet alone.

B-Complex Dosage

There are no regulations or standards that dictate what nutrients a B-complex supplement must contain and in what amounts. Therefore, different supplements will contain different amounts of each vitamin.

Similarly, there are no established Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) guidelines for B-complex supplements. However, there are RDAs and ULs established for the individual B vitamins themselves, which can be found in the Dietary Supplement Fact Sheets provided by the National Institutes of Health.

You may notice supplement ingredient labels list amounts higher than the RDA for B vitamins. It’s important to note there are several factors that impact the bioavailability of nutrients, or the amount your body can actually absorb and use the vitamins. Because your body may not actually use the entire amount added, supplement companies often add more than the RDA. 

Be sure to carefully read the supplement facts panel to ensure the amount of each B vitamin included is appropriate for your needs. If you have a deficiency or are at risk of a deficiency, you may need particularly high doses of certain B vitamins—a healthcare provider can tell you the specific quantities to look for.

Here are a few specific dosage recommendations for vegans and pregnant people:

• Vegans and vegetarians: Vegans should supplement with 250 micrograms of vitamin B12 per day, and vegetarians who eat eggs and dairy should supplement with this amount every few days.
• Pregnancy: The CDC recommends women who may become pregnant consume at least 400 mcg of folate daily in the form of folic acid.

How Much Is Too Much?

B-complex supplements generally include all eight B vitamins. Even though B vitamins are water-soluble and don’t build up in the body long term, please take care not to take large doses above the Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL). 

The UL for folate/folic acid is 1000 mcg/day. Folate toxicity can cause kidney damage or mask a vitamin B12 deficiency.

The UL for niacin is 35 mg/day. This level was determined because 30-50 mg of niacin in the form of nicotinic acid may cause flushing. However, the niacinamide (also known as nicotinamide) form of niacin is not associated with flushing, and adverse effects have only been shows with doses much higher than this (typically 500 mg/day or more).

The UL for vitamin B6 is 100 mg per day. Toxicity can present as nerve damage or skin lesions.

Biotin, thiamin, riboflavin, B12, and pantothenic acid do not have listed UL levels because there has been no evidence of toxicity at high doses. However, biotin supplements can lead to falsely high or low lab values. In addition, supplements over 50 mg/day of thiamine have not been studied thoroughly. In general, cases of toxicity with B vitamins are rare and occur from excess supplementation in addition to adequate dietary intake of B vitamins.

Frequently Asked Questions

Try taking your B-complex supplement first thing in the morning with a glass of water on an empty stomach. “Because many of the B-vitamins, especially B-12 and B-6 can increase energy production, it is best to take them in the morning,” Doebrich says.

If you experience any gastrointestinal distress taking a supplement on an empty stomach, have a small meal or snack with the supplement.

Many, but not all, B-complex supplements contain all eight of the B vitamins: B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B3 (niacin), B5 (pantothenic acid), B6 (pyridoxine), B7 (biotin), B9 (folate), and B12 (cobalamin). Take a look at a supplement's facts panel to know exactly what is included in a particular product.

Most B-complex supplements contain ingredients that make up the capsules, including silica and cellulose. You may find options on the market with additional vitamins, minerals, whole food ingredients like fruits and vegetables, or functional ingredients.

One of the major functions of B vitamins is to help produce energy for our bodies from the food we eat. Energy metabolism is a super complex process that involves several different nutrients, so consuming adequate amounts of these nutrients is essential for energy production.

That said, taking a B-complex supplement if you are not deficient in these vitamins will not provide your body with energy. Our main source of energy is glucose, which is derived from all foods with carbohydrates. B vitamins play a vital role in the process of converting dietary carbohydrates into glucose to be used for energy. This is why it is important to get enough of these vitamins. However, supplementing beyond your needs will just cause your body to get rid of the excess B vitamins rather than using them for additional energy.

Most B-complex supplements contain B12 in their formulation. If your supplement contains adequate B12, there is no need to take an additional B12 supplement. If your B-complex does not have B12 in the ingredients or contains a lower amount than a healthcare provider recommends for your needs, you can take a separate B12 supplement. 

Note that even though B vitamins are not stored long term in the body, taking doses larger than the Tolerable Upper Intake Levels can lead to toxicity. Prevent toxicity by taking only as much of a supplement as is recommended by a healthcare provider.

As of now, there is little significant evidence for taking a B-complex supplement to ward off dementia or cognitive decline. However, if your B12 levels are low, taking enough B12 to correct the deficiency may help slow age-related cognitive decline. The benefits of B12 supplementation may be enhanced by having adequate omega-3 fatty acid levels.

In general, nutrients do not work in isolation to prevent diseases. Rather, it is an overall pattern of healthy lifestyle behaviors and adequate nutrition that provide the greatest reduction of disease risk. A balanced diet that includes adequate intake of the B vitamins, along with regular exercise and well-managed blood pressure, all can help lower the risk of developing dementia.

Pricing for vitamin B-complex can vary depending on amount of tablets or capsules per container and sources of ingredients. In general, the price per capsule or tablet can range between $0.10 and $0.40. Compared to pricing of other vitamin and mineral supplements, B-complex vitamin prices are on the lower end.

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Ebrahimi E, Khayati Motlagh S, Nemati S, Tavakoli Z. Effects of magnesium and vitamin b6 on the severity of premenstrual syndrome symptoms .  J Caring Sci . 2012;1(4):183-189. Published 2012 Nov 22. doi:10.5681/jcs.2012.026

Retallick-Brown H, Blampied N, Rucklidge JJ. A Pilot Randomized Treatment-Controlled Trial Comparing Vitamin B6 with Broad-Spectrum Micronutrients for Premenstrual Syndrome .  J Altern Complement Med . 2020;26(2):88-97. doi:10.1089/acm.2019.0305

Niacin: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals . National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements.

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Demling RH. Nutrition, anabolism, and the wound healing process: an overview.   Eplasty . 2009;9:e9.

Brown KL and Phillips TJ. Nutrition and wound healing. Clinics in Dermatology . 2010;28(4):432-439.

Volkov I, Rudoy I, Freud T, Sardal G, Naimer S, Peleg R, and Press Y. Effectiveness of vitamin B12 in treating recurrent aphthous stomatitis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine.  Jan 2009, 22(1) 9-16; doi:10.3122/jabfm.2009.01.080113

Kozlak ST, Walsh SJ, Lalla RV. Reduced dietary intake of vitamin B12 and folate in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis.   J Oral Pathol Med . 2010;39(5):420-423. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0714.2009.00867.x

Li, S., Guo, Y., Men, J.  et al.   The preventive efficacy of vitamin B supplements on the cognitive decline of elderly adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis .  BMC Geriatr  21, 367 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-021-02253-3

Wong CW. Vitamin B12 deficiency in the elderly: Is it worth screening? Hong Kong Medical Journal . March 2015. doi:10.12809/hkmj144383

Weisshof R and Chermesh I.  Micronutrient deficiencies in inflammatory bowel disease. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care: November 2015; Volume 18(6) 576-581. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000000226

National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements. Folate: Fact sheet for professionals.

Milman N. Intestinal absorption of folic acid - new physiologic & molecular aspects.   Indian J Med Res . 136(5):725-728.

National Institutes of Health. Vitamin B12: Fact sheet for health professionals.

Hu ML, Chen YK, Chen LC, Sano M. Para-aminobenzoic acid scavenges reactive oxygen species and protects DNA against UV and free radical damage .  The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry . 1995;6(9):504-508.

National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements. Biotin: Fact sheet for professionals.

Yoshino J, Baur JA, Imai S ichiro. Nad+ intermediates: the biology and therapeutic potential of nmn and nr .  Cell Metabolism . 2018;27(3):513-528.

Poddar SK, Sifat AE, Haque S, Nahid NA, Chowdhury S, Mehedi I. Nicotinamide mononucleotide: exploration of diverse therapeutic applications of a potential molecule .  Biomolecules . 2019;9(1):34.

Mehmel M, Jovanović N, Spitz U. Nicotinamide riboside—the current state of research and therapeutic uses .  Nutrients . 2020;12(6):1616.

Maric, T et al. A bioluminescent-based probe for in vivo non-invasive monitoring of nicotinamide riboside uptake reveals a link between metastasis and NAD+ metabolism .  Biosensors and Bioelectronics . 2023;220:114826.

NIH Fact Sheet for Health Professionals: Niacin.

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The Nutrition Source. Niacin — Vitamin B3. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.

National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements. Vitamin B6: Fact sheet for health professionals.

Behrens, A., Graessel, E., Pendergrass, A.  et al.   Vitamin B—Can it prevent cognitive decline? A systematic review and meta-analysis.   Syst Rev  9, 111 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-020-01378-7

Oulhaj A, Jernerén F, Refsum H, Smith AD, de Jager CA. Omega-3 fatty acid status enhances the prevention of cognitive decline by B vitamins in mild cognitive impairment.   J Alzheimers Dis . 2016;50(2):547-557. doi:10.3233/JAD-150777

de Jager, C.A., Oulhaj, A., Jacoby, R., Refsum, H. and Smith, A.D. Cognitive and clinical outcomes of homocysteine-lowering B-vitamin treatment in mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 27: 592-600. doi:10.1002/gps.2758

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The 7 Best Tablets for Travel of 2024

Bring a portable and lightweight entertainment hub on your next trip.

In This Article

Jump to a Section

• Our top picks
• Tips for Buying
• Why Trust T+L

We independently evaluate all recommended products and services. If you click on links we provide, we may receive compensation. Learn more .

Travel + Leisure

If you’re looking for a lightweight, portable, and versatile entertainment station on the go, pack a tablet on your next trip. Tablets are great for catching up on Netflix while on the airplane, reading eBooks, gaming (both for you and the kids), and simple browsing. Sure, a smartphone can do all of those things, but the screen is small and it’s nice to have a dedicated play device. Tablets are also a great alternative to a travel laptop as a way to sprinkle a little digital nomading into your trip, especially for creatives who can benefit from the extra features of a device like the Apple iPad Pro.

In our research, we found that the most well-known tablet, the entry-level Apple iPad (9th generation), remains the best option, and it will save you some cash compared to the latest version. Scroll down for more options from Samsung, OnePlus, and more.

Best Overall

Apple ipad (9th generation).

It’s a great all-around device for most travelers and you can often find it on sale.

It’s not a great option for work, unless you go for an upgraded model.

Yes, Apple came out with a brand-new iPad (10th generation) in October 2022, but we still think the 9th generation is great for most travelers, especially if you can find it on sale. The newest iPad does indeed have more features — including a larger screen (10.9 inches versus 10.2 inches), a faster chip (Intel A14 versus A13), a better rear camera (12MP versus 8MP), and it uses the new USB-C connector rather than the now-outdated Lightning port. The only factor to consider then is whether you truly need all those features or not.

The 9th generation iPad is plenty good enough to watch a movie on the plane, check some emails, and occupy the kids at dinner with the wide array of iOS games (that are much better on a tablet than the iPhone). Plus, it’s usually about $100 less than the latest device.

It’s possible to upgrade the iPad to get more storage and 5G/LTE connectivity, but if you need more power consider the iPad Air or iPad Pro , which can function as a travel laptop.

The Details: 9.8 x 6.8 x 0.29 inches | 1.07 pounds | 64GB/256GB

Best Android

Oneplus pad 11.61-inch lcd display.

It has great battery life and can work as a laptop in a pinch.

There’s no 5G/LTE capability.

If you’re looking for the versatility of an iPad but prefer to stay within the Android ecosystem, check out One Plus’s Pad. Released in 2023, the tablet has efficient speed for your everyday traveling needs as well as plenty of storage (128GB). But what really stands out is its impressive battery life, which can last for more than 50 days on standby, and about 13 hours of constant use. It’s also a sleek-looking device overall that comes in a unique color: halo green.

An advantage of the OnePlus Pad over its closest competitor, the Google Pixel Tablet , is that it’s capable of becoming a 2-in-1 laptop if you add the Magnetic Keyboard (sold separately), and you can charge it by plugging it in rather than lugging around Google’s speaker charger, which would be awkward to travel with.

If you’re looking for an Android tablet with more power and 5G/LTE connectivity, consider the Samsung Galaxy S8 .

The Details: 10.2 x 7.5 x 0.26 inches | 1.22 pounds | 128GB

Best Compact

Apple ipad mini 2021 (6th generation).

B & H Photo Video

It’s incomparable in terms of portability, and ideal for eBooks.

It’s not the best laptop replacement.

In Apple’s world, smaller doesn’t mean weaker, nor cheaper. The iPad Mini costs the same or even more as the latest iPad (10th generation) and has a smaller 8.3-inch screen (compared to 10.9 inches for the iPad). But it’s more powerful with an A15 chip and critically has an anti-reflective coating over the screen, which is an important feature for readers as traditional tablet screens can be tough on the eyes. It’s also about 7 ounces lighter than the iPad and of course smaller, so it’s much better in terms of portability.

If you’re an artist, the iPad Mini has another key feature — you can use the latest Apple Pencil (2nd generation) , which doesn’t work with the entry-level iPad. Conversely, the Mini is not compatible with Apple’s Magic Keyboard for iPad , but it does work with other Bluetooth keyboards.

The Details: 7.69 x 5.31 x 0.25 inches | 0.65 pounds | 64GB, 256GB

Best Durability

Oukitel 10-inch android tablet.

It can take a beating and doesn’t sacrifice performance.

It’s twice the weight of an iPad.

The frustrating thing about most tablets is the battery runs out quickly (it takes a lot of energy to power such big screens), plus they’re prone to cracking. Enter the Oukitel RT2. This tablet is built to last with a rugged protective case, a back handle grip and an IP68 water and dust-resistance rating which means it can handle being submerged in 5 feet of water for up to 30 minutes. It also has an extremely impressive 20,000 mAh battery which can last for 900 hours on standby or 15 hours of video. The battery is so strong that the tablet can even act as a power bank if your smartphone or smartwatch runs out of juice.

The Oukitel RT2 doesn’t sacrifice other useful features either. It has a 10.1-inch HD screen as well as an excellent rear camera for a tablet at 16MP. Last but certainly not least, this tablet is cheaper than any regularly-priced iPad and most other Android tablets, making it a strong option for any adventurous traveler.

The Details: 10.3 x 7.2 x 0.7 inches | 2.2 pounds | 128GB

Best Features

Apple 11-inch ipad pro m2 chip.

B H Photo Video Audio

It’s the ultimate companion for digital nomads and creatives.

It’s a bit much if you simply want to use it for videos, simple gaming, or browsing.

If you want the very best iPad available for travel, especially if you plan to use it for work on the road, then look no further than the iPad Pro. While it has the same-sized display as the iPad (10th generation), it’s much faster with an Apple M2 chip — so it’s just as fast as the latest MacBook Air. That means you can very reasonably use it as your travel laptop, though you’ll need to get the Magic Keyboard for iPad and potentially the Apple Pencil (2nd Generation) stylus if that’s useful for you. The iPad Pro is also ideal for video conferencing as it has a 12MP front-facing camera and can support high-speed gaming. It also allows you to use Apple’s LiDAR (light detection and ranging) feature, which isn’t available on other iPad models.

You can upgrade the iPad Pro to come with cellular data, more storage space, and a larger screen with a 1,000,000:1 contrast ratio as well as improved Liquid Retina XDR display.

The Details: 9.74 x 7.02 x 0.23 inches | 1.03 pounds | 128GB, 256GB, 512GB, 1TB, 2TB

Best Budget

Amazon fire 7.

It’s a great starter tablet for occasional users.

It doesn’t work with many Android or iOS apps.

If you’re not sure if you really need a tablet and just want to try it out, check out the Amazon Fire. We love this tablet for its simplicity: it's a compact device that allows users to watch movies on Netflix, listen to music on Spotify, and read books with the Kindle app. However, you’ll also be locked into Amazon’s app store, so many iOS and Android apps won’t work. It’s also not the speediest device with just a Quad-core 2.0 GHz processor and 2GB or RAM, and has a small, 7-inch display (though if those are your concerns Amazon sells larger models as well as the quicker Fire Max 11 ). But for the price and size, it gets the job done on the road.

The Detail s: 7.52 x 4.53 x 0.42 inches | 0.62 pounds | 16GB

Best Lightweight

Samsung galaxy tab a7.

It’s light, affordable, and does the trick for basic use.

It only comes with three years of operating system updates.

For the best combination of portability, price, and compatibility with the Android app store, check out this entry-level tablet from Samsung. While it can't quite compete with the iPad Mini, it’s a fraction of the price and weighs just a few ounces more. Its 8.7-inch display is plenty big enough for reading and the quality is just fine for movies and gaming. And if you want to pay extra for LTE compatibility, or add up to 1TB of extra storage via microSD, you can do that too.

The De tails: 4.91 x 0.31 x 8.37 inches | 0.82 pounds | 32GB

Tips for Buying a Tablet

Think about how you’ll use it while traveling.

If you just want a tablet for reading, watching movies, gaming and browsing the Internet, you probably don’t need something super expensive. That said, if you plan to bring a tablet instead of a laptop, opt for a device that at least has sufficient battery life and connectivity for a portable keyboard .

Consider how you’ll keep it protected

If you take your tablet traveling, make sure it’s protected with a padded sleeve or case that covers the screen, as well as a handle, perhaps, so you don’t drop it.

A tablet gives you more screen size for reading, watching movies, and playing games. It’s also a wonderful tool for creatives since users can draw using a stylus. Digital nomads and artists can also benefit from a tablet as a lighter replacement for a laptop and as a way to show off their work while standing up at a conference or trade show.

Just as you'd stow away a laptop, tablets should stay in your in-cabin luggage and be readily accessible to take out at airport security. And while there’s no official TSA rule against putting a tablet in the overhead, chances are you’d like to use it during your flight as well, so consider stashing this in a personal item instead of a larger suitcase.

Why Trust Travel + Leisure

For this story, journalist and T+L contributor Joel Balsam reviewed the best tablets available and used his expertise as a full-time traveler and digital nomad to form his rankings.

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• Choosing a Drug to Prevent Malaria

Considerations when choosing a drug for malaria prophylaxis:

• Recommendations for drugs to prevent malaria differ by country of travel and can be found in Malaria Information by Country. Recommended drugs for each country are listed in alphabetical order and have comparable efficacy in that country.
• No antimalarial drug is 100% protective and must be combined with the use of personal protective measures, (i.e., insect repellent, long sleeves, long pants, sleeping in a mosquito-free setting or using an insecticide-treated bednet).
• For all medicines, also consider the possibility of drug-drug interactions with other medicines that the person might be taking as well as other medical contraindications, such as drug allergies.
• When several different drugs are recommended for an area, the following table might help in the decision process.
• Atovaquone/Proguanil (Malarone)
• Chloroquine
• Doxycycline
• Tafenoquine (ArakodaTM)

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Travel-Ease

Generic name: meclizine [  MEK-li-zeen  ] Brand names: Antivert , Bonine , Bonine Max, Dramamine Less Drowsy , Dramamine Nausea Long Lasting, Travel-Ease Drug class: Anticholinergic antiemetics

Medically reviewed by Drugs.com on Aug 29, 2023. Written by Cerner Multum .

What is Travel-Ease?

Travel-Ease is used in adults and children aged 12 years and older to treat or prevent nausea , vomiting and dizziness caused by motion sickness .

Travel-Ease is also used in adults to treat symptoms of vertigo (dizziness or spinning sensation) caused by disease that affects your inner ear.

Travel-Ease may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

Travel-Ease side effects

Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction : hives, difficult breathing, swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.

Common side effects of Travel-Ease may include:

drowsiness ;

dry mouth ;

vomiting; or

feeling tired.

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

Use only as directed. Tell your doctor if you use other medicines or have other medical conditions or allergies.

Before taking this medicine

You should not use Travel-Ease if you are allergic to it.

Do not give Travel-Ease to anyone younger than 12 years old without medical advice.

Tell your doctor if you have or have ever had:

breathing problems such as asthma , emphysema , or chronic bronchitis ;

an enlarged prostate or urination problems;

recently used alcohol, sedatives, or tranquilizers; or

liver or kidney disease.

Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.

How should I take Travel-Ease?

Follow all directions on your prescription label and read all medication guides or instruction sheets. Use the medicine exactly as directed.

Swallow the tablet whole and do not crush, chew, or break it.

You must chew the chewable tablet before you swallow it.

To prevent motion sickness, take Travel-Ease about 1 hour before you travel or anticipate having motion sickness. You may take this medicine once every 24 hours while you are traveling, to further prevent motion sickness.

To treat vertigo, you may need to take Travel-Ease several times daily. Follow your doctor's instructions.

Store at room temperature away from moisture, heat, and light.

What happens if I miss a dose?

Travel-Ease is used when needed. If you are on a dosing schedule, skip any missed dose. Do not use two doses at one time.

What happens if I overdose?

Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222.

What should I avoid while taking Travel-Ease?

Avoid driving or hazardous activity until you know how Travel-Ease will affect you. Your reactions could be impaired.

Avoid drinking alcohol. Drinking alcohol with this medicine can cause side effects.

What other drugs will affect Travel-Ease?

Using Travel-Ease with other drugs that make you drowsy can worsen this effect. Ask your doctor before using opioid medication, a sleeping pill, a muscle relaxer, or medicine for anxiety or seizures .

Sometimes it is not safe to use certain medicines at the same time. Some drugs can affect your blood levels of other drugs you use, which may increase side effects or make the medicines less effective.

Other drugs may affect Travel-Ease, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins , and herbal products . Tell your doctor about all other medicines you use.

More about Travel-Ease (meclizine)

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Further information

Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use this medication only for the indication prescribed.

Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances.

Medical Disclaimer

Copyright 1996-2024 Cerner Multum, Inc. Version: 8.01.

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The 6 best tablets for travel in 2024

With the world opening up once again for tourists, you’re going to want to buy a tablet to beat the boredom of long flights and waiting times. Not all models will be able to serve this purpose though, so to help you decide what to purchase, we’ve rounded up our recommendations for the best tablets for travel. We acknowledge that there are different types of travelers, so we picked devices that will cater to each of them, while considering a specific set of criteria when making our selections.

While you can also use your smartphone during your trips, the larger screen of tablets will help provide more amusing entertainment when you need it. The best tablets for travel will let you catch up on work, watch streaming shows , check social media, and whatever else you may think of doing while you’re on the way to your destination, or while you’re taking a break from all the sights and sounds. Read onward to figure out the best tablet for travel for you, then go ahead and purchase it so that the device will be ready and waiting for your next adventure.

The best tablets for travel in 2024

• Buy the if you want the best overall tablet for travel.
• Buy the if you want a tablet for travel that will keep you productive.
• Buy the if you want a tablet for travel to watch streaming content and play mobile games.
• Buy the if you want to get your child a tablet for travel.
• Buy the if you want a tablet for travel that’s extremely portable.
• Buy the if you want a tablet for travel for an affordable price.

Apple iPad Air 5th Gen

Best tablet for travel for most people.

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It’s not a surprise that our top choice among the best tablets is also the first tablet for travel that we recommend. Simply put, the fifth-generation Apple iPad Air is that good. Performance is amazing with Apple’s M1 processor, as you wouldn’t want to get even more frustrated when you’re already dealing with the stress of travel. The tablet also features a 10.9-inch Liquid Retina display, which is bright and colorful to help you better enjoy your favorite content.

The Apple iPad Air 5th Gen will take advantage of the features of the iPadOS 17 , which is the latest version of Apple’s operating system for tablets. It’s slim and light so it’s easy to bring with you during your travels, it comes with a USB-C port for wide compatibility, and it works with the Apple Pencil 2 and the Magic Keyboard as extra accessories for additional input options.

Microsoft Surface Pro 9

Best tablet for travel for professionals.

For those who are planning to work even while they’re traveling, the Microsoft Surface Pro 9 will make sure that you’ll remain productive. It runs on Windows 11 Home , so you’ll be able to use it with the most popular productivity apps — Microsoft Office — and it will make sure that you can get all your tasks done quickly with its 12th-generation Intel Core i7 Evo processor and 16GB of RAM.

As a tablet, the Microsoft Surface Pro 9 offers a 13-inch PixelSense touchscreen with a 120Hz refresh rate, and you can prop it up using its built-in kickstand. However, it transforms into a laptop using the Surface Keyboard that comes bundled with it, in case you need to respond to an email or make a quick report. Some people prefer bringing their work with them on their trips, but that’s why the Microsoft Surface Pro 9  is one of the best tablets for travel — it will help you get back to your vacation as soon as possible.

OnePlus Pad

Best tablet for travel to watch movies and play games.

The OnePlus Pad sits on top of our rankings of the best Android tablets , and that’s partly because of its sharp and vibrant 11.6-inch LCD touchscreen. With 2800 x 2000 pixel resolution and an up to 144Hz refresh rate, it’s an excellent display for watching streaming content and playing mobile games because you’ll be seeing sharp images and smooth movements. The tablet also supports Dolby Vision and Dolby Atmos to enable a personal cinema, and the viewing is even more immersive because of the narrow bezels surrounding the screen.

Adding to the reasons why the OnePlus Pad is one of our best tablets for travel are its slim and lightweight design with a thickness of just 6.5 millimeters and weight of 552 grams, its smooth CNC aluminum unibody, and an all-day battery life that will go from zero to full charge after just over 60 minutes of being plugged in.

Amazon Fire HD 10 Kids Pro

Best tablet for travel to keep your children entertained.

If you want to keep your children busy during your travels, giving them a tablet is one of the easiest options, and the Amazon Fire HD 10 Kids Pro will be your best bet. It’s not the most powerful device out there with just 3GB of RAM, but it will be more than enough for your children as they play games and watch videos on its 10.1-inch touchscreen with Full HD resolution, and they’ll be kept busy with its 13-hour battery life.

The Amazon Fire HD 10 Kids Pro is great for children because it comes with a one-year subscription to Amazon Kids+, which offers age-appropriate books, games, videos, and apps. It’s also bundled with a kid-proof case to keep the tablet safe from damage, though it features a two-year worry-free guarantee — if the tablet breaks within that period, it will be replaced for free.

Apple iPad Mini 6th Gen

Best tablet for travel that’s easy to carry.

If you want to make sure that you won’t have trouble finding a place for your tablet in your luggage, get something compact like the Apple iPad Mini 6th Gen . It’s very portable with its 8.3-inch Liquid Retina display and weight of just below 300 grams. However, despite its small size, it offers fast performance for your apps with Apple’s A15 Bionic chip and 4GB of RAM, which is the same configuration that you’ll find in the iPhone 13 .

The Apple iPad Mini 6th Gen is compatible with the Apple Pencil 2 if you’re thinking about using it to take notes or draw sketches of the places you visit, and it may be upgraded to iPadOS 17 so that you have access to the operating system’s latest features. It’s also equipped with a USB-C port for charging and other accessories.

Lenovo Tab M10 Plus 3rd Gen

Best tablet for travel with a cheap price.

For those who just need a simple tablet for their travels, the Lenovo Tab M10 Plus 3rd Gen is an affordable but decent option. Its display is relatively large for a budget device at 10.6 inches, and it’s bright and sharp enough for most purposes. The tablet also features a quad-speaker system with Dolby Atmos, so that you can better enjoy watching streaming shows and the videos that you’ll take with it.

The Lenovo Tab M10 Plus 3rd Gen is equipped with an all-day battery so it can keep you company throughout your trip, and it’s protected by a durable aluminum chassis that keeps the tablet light at 465 grams. Book lovers can activate the device’s Immersive Reading Mode to make the screen easier on the eyes, which will be helpful if you’ll be stuck on a plane or train for hours.

How we chose these tablets for travel

Not all tablets are excellent choices as travel companions, and to determine which ones are, we came up with this set of criteria that we followed to narrow down our choices for the best tablets for travel. While certain characteristics will be more important for different types of travelers, you generally want a tablet that will check all these boxes so that you won’t find it lacking once you’re already on your trip.

Portability

The first thing that most people will think about when choosing a tablet for travel purposes is whether the device will be portable. While tablets with larger screens will need a bit more effort if you want to make space for it in your luggage, they may still be considered portable if they’re slim enough to easily slide into your bag. As an electronic device, you wouldn’t want to have your tablet placed somewhere that’s going to be out of your sight, so it’s important that the device you buy will fit into the hand-carry bag that you always bring with you during your travels.

In selecting the best tablets for travel, we chose devices that maintain portability even if they have relatively large displays, though of course, that will still depend on the biggest device that you’ll be comfortable bringing with you.

Versatility

While you may have a specific purpose in mind for your tablet while you travel, it would be better if the device is versatile enough to handle different kinds of activities. For example, if your tablet is primarily for browsing the internet, it should still have a display with decent resolution in case you decide to watch a video. If you think you’re going to be playing mobile games most of the time on your tablet, you should still think about having enough storage space left over when you need it to take footage of anything awesome that you come across in your trip.

Some tablets have accessories, either bundled with the device or requiring a separate purchase, that will give you extra options. A stylus will help you pass the time by drawing the sights that you see, while a keyboard will make it easier to compose emails or write on your travel blog. This versatility helps make the best tablets for travel very valuable companions.

Compatibility

If you use a specific set of apps for work and play, or if you have accessories that you can’t leave home without, you better make sure that they will work with the tablet that you buy. The best tablets for travel are widely compatible with all of the popular apps and accessories, as they’re powered by top operating systems and they come with a complete set of ports.

We made sure to select tablets that will work with everything that you usually use, which means going for trusted brands that have taken this into consideration when building their devices. Whether you’re an iPadOS or Android fan, there’s something for you in our list of the best tablets for travel if you want to stick to the ecosystem that you’re used to back home.

Traveling requires a lot of movement, which will possibly expose your tablet to much more wear and tear compared to using it at home. We chose devices that are relatively durable because you wouldn’t want to go home with a broken tablet, which will be an additional expense to repair or replace. Tablets with built-in protection for their touchscreens and made with tough materials are excellent choices as travel companions.

For the more adventurous travelers, you may want to buy a rugged case or something similar for your tablet so that it will better withstand potential damage. This is partly why we chose some of the most popular models for our list of the best tablets for travel, as there will surely be rugged cases and similar accessories available for them.

Value for money

Last but not least, we believe that you should receive fantastic value for money with every purchase, and getting a tablet for travel is no exception. Whether you’re on a tight budget or you’re willing to make a significant investment, the device that you buy should make you feel that you paid more than what it cost you.

Affordable tablets should still provide decent performance, and premium tablets should pack all the latest features. It would be a good idea to set a maximum budget for your purchase to further narrow down your options, but no matter what, you won’t regret spending your cash on any of the best tablets for travel that we’ve highlighted above.

This article is managed and created separately from the Digital Trends Editorial team.

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