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The Do's and Dont's of Visiting a Hindu Temple (Etiquette Guide)

Last Updated: March 2, 2024 Fact Checked

Preparing to Visit the Temple

Entering the temple, moving through the temple.

This article was reviewed by Tami Claytor and by wikiHow staff writer, Luke Smith, MFA . Tami Claytor is an Etiquette Coach, Image Consultant, and the Owner of Always Appropriate Image and Etiquette Consulting in New York, New York. With over 20 years of experience, Tami specializes in teaching etiquette classes to individuals, students, companies, and community organizations. Tami has spent decades studying cultures through her extensive travels across five continents and has created cultural diversity workshops to promote social justice and cross-cultural awareness. She holds a BA in Economics with a concentration in International Relations from Clark University. Tami studied at the Ophelia DeVore School of Charm and the Fashion Institute of Technology, where she earned her Image Consultant Certification. There are 10 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. This article has been viewed 234,237 times.

Hindu temples are gorgeous and sacred spaces, and visiting one should be at the top of your itinerary if you’re traveling abroad. Even visiting your local temple is a culturally enriching and educational experience not to be missed. But before you go, it’s important to familiarize yourself with some basic etiquette to make sure your time there is courteous and respectful. We’ll fill you in on everything you need to need to know, from what to do before you go, how to enter, and how to move about and respect the temple itself.

Things You Should Know

• Take a shower and put on loose, modest clothes that cover your shoulders, back, and knees before you head to the temple.
• Remove your shoes before you enter, and refrain from taking photos, chewing gum, or talking loudly once you’re inside.
• Work clockwise through the temple and use your right hand or both hands to give a priest small offerings, like flowers, to be placed before each statue.

• To prepare yourself mentally and spiritually, also take a moment to reflect on your visit and what you hope to experience. If you practice the Hindu faith , reflect on God or the deities present in the temple you’re visiting.

• Avoid wearing leather or animal skin of any kind; this could be offensive to practicing Hindus. Some temples even suggest wearing clothing without seams, so call ahead to confirm the temple’s dress code.
• Some temples let visitors borrow shawls or other clothing if they come underdressed.

• Vendors generally set up makeshift shops in the surrounding area to sell various things that you might offer the statues.
• Offerings often aren’t required; if you feel nervous or can’t buy them for any reason, don’t feel pressured to do so.

• In addition, avoid any displays of affection, like holding hands, hugs, or kisses within the temple. This is a space for respecting the deities, so give the building and its features your full attention.

• Most temples permit wearing socks, especially in cold weather, but be advised that the floors are often slippery, so tread carefully!

• Many temples have separate queues for men and women, and you may have to follow it accordingly. Call ahead and ask if this is the case, so you know what to expect.
• As you enter, a priest may offer to place a small mark on your forehead (usually made from ash or turmeric), symbolizing purification. You may accept or decline as you feel comfortable; the mark does not necessarily indicate a belief in the Hindu religion.
• If you like, ring the brass bell at the entrance to alert the deities to your entrance. You might also “pay obeisance” by prostrating and touching your forehead to the ground at the entrance, though this is usually only done by practicing Hindus.

• If you do prostrate or sit before a statue, avoid pointing your feet in its direction. Feet are generally seen as unclean, and pointing them at a statue may be seen as disrespectful.

• In the Hindu faith, each statue is like an “antenna” that receives its corresponding deity, so it’s important to treat them with respect.

• If there is no priest outside the chamber, there may be a nearby platform for worshipers to place their offerings on.

• Remember to accept anything the priests offer you with your right hand or both hands, and never your left.

• During some prayers, a priest may pass around a lamp. Hold your hands over the lamp as it passes, then touch your fingertips to your eyes to receive the blessing.
• While Hindus often create altars in their own homes, public temples are places to encounter community and others on their spiritual journeys. If a public prayer is being performed during your visit, be extra sure to remain respectful and attentive.

• Only interact with strangers when you’re in a group, and avoid doing so if you’re traveling alone. It’s important to stay safe and within view of a traveling partner or tour guide when in a foreign country.

Community Q&A

• Often, women who are menstruating are asked to wait a week or two before they visit a temple, but this may not be the case for every temple. If in doubt, play it safe and plan your visit around your body’s schedule. [15] X Research source Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0
• Hindus believe in a variety of different gods, but also believe in a primary God that created them. Each temple features shrines or statues of different gods, with some being featured more prominently than others. [16] X Research source Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0

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• ↑ https://www.Hinduismtoday.com/magazine/january-february-march-2007/2007-01-what-is-Hinduism-4/
• ↑ https://www.Hinduismtoday.com/magazine/october-november-december-2012/2012-10-educational-insight-visiting-a-Hindu-temple/
• ↑ https://www.intrepidtravel.com/adventures/bali-temple-etiquette/
• ↑ https://www.thehinduportal.com/2022/10/rules-for-visiting-hindu-temple.html
• ↑ https://sst.org.sg/HEB/Temple_Etiquette
• ↑ https://www.Hinduismtoday.com/magazine/october-november-december-2004/2004-10-visiting-a-Hindu-temple/
• ↑ https://www.Hinduismtoday.com/modules/smartsection/item.php?itemid=5315
• ↑ https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20110616-travelwise-religious-tourism-etiquette
• ↑ https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2003-aug-31-adfg-divine31-story.html
• ↑ https://www.thejakartapost.com/travel/2019/08/24/things-you-should-know-before-visiting-temples-in-bali.html

About This Article

Since Hindu temples are sacred places to people of Hindu faith, you’ll want to behave respectfully and calmly at all times when visiting. Before your visit, take a shower or bath and dress appropriately. Women should wear a long skirt or dress or long pants while men should wear business-casual clothing, like slacks and a button-down shirt. You’ll also want to buy offerings to bring to the temple, like flowers or fruit. Prior to entering the temple, take your shoes off as a show of respect for the deities. Once in the temple, avoid touching the shrines or statues, don’t take photos, and keep your voice quiet. To learn how to make a donation to a Hindu temple, keep reading! Did this summary help you? Yes No

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Hindu Temples

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Unlike other organized religions, in Hinduism, it is not mandatory for a person to visit a temple. Since all Hindu home usually has a small shrine or ‘puja room’ for daily prayers, Hindus generally go to temples only on auspicious occasions or during religious festivals. Hindu temples also do not play a crucial role in marriages and funerals, but it is often the meeting place for religious discourses as well as ‘bhajans’ and ‘kirtans’ (devotional songs and chants).

History of Temples

In the Vedic period , there were no temples. The main object of worship was the fire that stood for God. This holy fire was lit on a platform in the open air under the sky, and oblations were offered to the fire. It is not certain when exactly the Indo-Aryans first started building temples for worship. The scheme of building temples was perhaps a concomitant of the idea of idol worship.

Locations of Temples

As the race progressed, temples became important because they served as a sacred meeting place for the community to congregate and revitalize their spiritual energies. Large temples were usually built at picturesque places, especially on river banks, on top of hills, and on the seashore. Smaller temples or open-air shrines can crop up just about anywhere - by the roadside or even under the tree.

Holy places in India are famous for its temples. Indian towns — from Amarnath to Ayodha, Brindavan to Banaras, Kanchipuram to Kanya Kumari — are all known for their wonderful temples.

Temple Architecture

The architecture of Hindu temples evolved over a period of more than 2,000 years and there is a great variety in this architecture. Hindu temples are of different shapes and sizes — rectangular, octagonal, semicircular — with different types of domes and gates. Temples in southern India have a different style than those in northern India. Although the architecture of Hindu temples is varied, they mainly have many things in common.

The 6 Parts of a Hindu Temple

1. The Dome and Steeple: The steeple of the dome is called ‘shikhara’ (summit) that represents the mythological ‘Meru’ or the highest mountain peak. The shape of the dome varies from region to region and the steeple is often in the form of the trident of Shiva.

2. The Inner Chamber: The inner chamber of the temple called ‘garbhagriha’ or ‘womb-chamber’ is where the image or idol of the deity (‘murti’) is placed. In most temples, the visitors cannot enter the garbhagriha, and only the temple priests are allowed inside.

3. The Temple Hall: Most large temples have a hall meant for the audience to sit. This is also called the ‘nata-mandira’ (hall for temple-dancing) where, in days of yore, women dancers or ‘devadasis’ used to perform dance rituals. Devotees use the hall to sit, meditate, pray, chant or watch the priests perform the rituals. The hall is usually decorated with paintings of gods and goddesses.

4. The Front Porch: This area of the temples usually has a big metallic bell that hangs from the ceiling. Devotees entering and leaving the porch ring this bell to declare their arrival and departure.

5. The Reservoir: If the temple is not in the vicinity of a natural water body, a reservoir of fresh water is built on the temple premises. The water is used for rituals as well as to keep the temple floor clean or even for a ritual bath before entering the holy abode.

6. The Walkway: Most temples have a walkway around the walls of the inner chamber for circum-ambulation by devotees around the deity as a mark of respect to the temples god or goddess.

Temple Priests

As opposed to the all-renouncing ‘swamis’, temple priests, variously known as ‘pandas’, ‘pujaris’ or ‘purohits’, are salaried workers, hired by the temple authorities to perform daily rituals. Traditionally they come from the Brahmin or priestly caste, but there are many priests who are non-Brahmins. Then there are temples that are set up various sects and cults like the Shaivas, Vaishnavas and the Tantriks .

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12 Days South India Temple Tour Package

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When you think about South India, magnificent temples with towering gopurams and a deep sense of spirituality washes you over. The southern end of India is dotted all over with magnificent temples, depicting elaborate and finely engraved sculptures and carvings dedicated to numerous gods and goddesses. Every step of the way you will be greeted with some big or small temple that will instill a feeling of deep faith and oneness. Exploring the temples in the south is something everyone should do at least once in their lifetime to truly grasp the deep sense of devotion, love, and respect that is deeply instilled in the lives of the Indian population as a whole. From being home to the richest temple in the world to the biggest temple and more, exploring the south Indian temples will make you truly realize the rich heritage, culture, and traditions this subcontinent displays with pride.

South India Temple Tour Itinerary Package

Day 1 : Arrival in Chennai

Your 12 days of south India temple tour will commence upon your arrival in Chennai. You will be greeted by our tour representative who will get you checked in to your hotel for relaxation, dinner followed by an overnight stay.

Day 2 : Chennai – Tirupati – Chennai

After having your breakfast at the hotel in the morning you will be made to head out to the temple tour destination of the day, Tirupati. Tirupati is an ancient holy Hindu town located in Andhra Pradesh which is about 3 to 4 hours of drive away. The town is considered so holy that it receives almost 1 lakh visitors and devotees on a daily basis. On reaching Tirupati you will be taken to some of the most famous temples in Tirupati which will include – Sri Padmavathi Temple at Tiruchanoor, Kalyana Venkateswara Swamy Temple at Srinivasa Mangapuram, Govindaraja Swamy Temple, Kapila Teertham, Sri Kodandaramaswami Temple, Sri Kalahasteeswara Temple at Srikalahasti and Sri Kalyana Venkateswara Swamy Temple at Narayanavanam. After the completion of temple Darshan and offering your prayer you will be driven back to your hotel in Chennai to get ready for the next day and an overnight stay.

Day 3 : Chennai – Kanchipuram – Mamallapuram

Today, after breakfast, early in the morning you will be made to head for your next destination to Mahabalipuram which is also known as Mamallapuram with a quick stopover at Kanchipuram en route. Did you know that Kanchipuram is also known as the city of 1000 temples? On Reaching Kanchipuram you will be taken around so that you get the importance and vibrancy that this place has to offer. Kanchipuram is one of the holiest places in India which has also served as the capital of the cholas during the 2nd century. After some sightseeing around you will be finally headed to Mahabalipuram. On reaching you will be first checked in to your hotel before starting the sightseeing. After freshening up you will be taken for sightseeing to Krishna Mandapam and the iconic shore temples of the 2nd century. The shore temple is a must visit in Mahabalipuram which is located right on the shore of Arabian Sea and displays the Dravidian architecture in its complete glory. Finally after the sightseeing, by sundown you will be made to head back to your hotel in Mamallapuram for an overnight stay.

Day 4 : Mamallapuram – Tiruvannamalai – Pondicherry

Early in the morning, post breakfast, you will be headed to Pondicherry with a small stopover in Tiruvannamalai for a brief excursion. The entire journey from Mamallapuram to Pondicherry is about 5 to 6 hours of drive by road. On the way you will be taken for an excursion to Tiruvannamalai. Tiruvannamalai is another one of the holiest towns in Tamil Nadu and its name literally translates into Red Mountain, inspired by the volcano mountain located right behind it. This holy town is also an ancient heritage site which is also the hub of Saiva religion. You will be taken to Arunachal hill temple which is dedicated to Lord Shiva and was built during the 9th century. Finally you will be driven to Pondicherry or Puducherry where on arrival you will be immediately checked in to your hotel where you will be staying for the night.

Day 5 : Pondicherry Sightseeing

This day in Pondicherry will be reserved for a full day of sightseeing excursion. After having breakfast in the morning you will be taken for an assisted full day of Pondicherry sightseeing to some of the most popular locations.

Sri Aurobindo ashram will be your first destination. Established in 1926, this has to be one of the most unique and extremely popular ashrams dedicated to the iconic sage, saint, philosopher and thinker Sri Aurobindo. Your next destination will be the Pondicherry museum which will shed light on the history this small, quaint town has been through. The building of the museum belonged to an ex French administrator and displays various rare sculptures and other stuff made from precious and semi-precious stones like beads, necklaces, temple lamps and so much more. Church of the sacred heart Jesus will be the next place of interest on the list. Your Pondicherry experience remains incomplete without an interesting visit to the church. This 17th century church is one of Pondi’s finest churches and a must visit. You will end your list of places by a final visit to Manakula Vinayagar Koil Temple which is a 300 year old temple dedicated to lord Ganesh and boasts of golden spire on top.

Finally you will be taken back to your hotel in Pondi for an overnight stay.

Day 6 : Pondicherry – Chidambaram – Thanjavur

After breakfast in the morning you will be made to head on to your next destination of Thanjavur or initially known as Tanjor which is about 5 hours of road journey away. En route you will be stopping over at Chidambaram which is dedicated to Lord Nataraja and is one of the rare places that houses and enshrines both idols of Lord Shiva and Vishnu under the same roof. It is also rare for being the temple that is solely dedicated to the dance form of Bharatnatyam and also where Lord Shiva is shown in the form of an idol rather than the customary lingam. Spreading out over an area of about 40 acres with towering gopurams on either sides, separated by 5 Sabhas is not just a holy land but is also an inspiring destination for devotees.

Finally you will be made to head on to your final destination in Thanjavur where you will be checked in to your hotel for an overnight stay.

Day 7 : Thanjavur – Tiruchirappalli (Trichy)

Early in the morning after breakfast you will be checked out of your hotel and headed for your complete sightseeing of the famous sightseeing locations in Thanjavur. This will include visits to places like Brihadeshwara Temple – a UNESCO world heritage site, Great living Chola temples – another interesting UNESCO world heritage site. By afternoon you will be headed on to Trichy. On arrival in Trichy you will be checked in to your hotel. The remainder of the evening will be free for you to spend in leisure followed by an overnight stay.

Day 8 : Trichy Temple Tour – Madurai

Early in the morning, post breakfast, you will be checked out of your hotel and made to head for your next destination of Madurai. Before leaving for Madurai you will be taken for a temple tour of Trichy city. Firstly you will be taken to the holy island temple town of Srirangam. This holy island is over 600 acres wide across the 7 gigantic walls of Srirangam Temple. It is famous for housing over 22 different gopurams with one of them making it to the Guinness world record for being the tallest Gopuram in the world. Your next location will be the famous landmark of Trichy, the fort. The rock in the fort is the oldest piece of rock in the world with the main attraction being a small temple within the fort too. Finally you will be headed to Madurai where on reaching you shall be checked in to your hotel here for an overnight stay.

Day 9 : Madurai Sightseeing

A full day of temple hopping in Madurai will begin early in the morning, post breakfast. Madurai is another holy city that resides just next to the holy river Vaigai. The place boasts of a great cultural heritage and a very strong background of mythological accounts. The city was constructed by the pandya kings in the shape of a lotus which has also earned its name of being the lotus city. These sightseeing will include visit to places like Meenakshi Amman Temple, Thirumalai Nayakar Mahal, Vaigai Dam, Alagar Kovil and Koodal Azhagar Temple. After a full day of exploring the temples in the holy town of Madurai and shopping for souvenirs, you will be taken back to your hotel in Madurai for an overnight stay.

Day 10 : Madurai – Kanyakumari

After having your breakfast in the morning and having checked out of your hotel in Madurai you will be headed to your next destination of the shore city of Kanyakumari. This road journey will be about 4 to 5 hours long. On reaching Kanyakumari you will be taken for a sightseeing expedition before checking into your hotel. This half day of sightseeing will include visit to places like: Swami Vivekananda’s memorial which is built in a small rocky island which is just 200 meters away from the shore; Kumari Amman Temple – the temple is situated near the seashore and as per mythology goddess Devi is said to have performed intense prayers in order to get the hand of the lord in marriage to her and Thiruvallur statue. Finally you will be checked in to your hotel in Kanyakumari for an overnight stay.

Day 11 : Kanyakumari – Trivandrum

After having your breakfast in the morning you will be taken to Trivandrum which is about 3 to 4 hours away from Kanyakumari. You will be reaching Trivandrum by afternoon and immediately checked in to your hotel. After freshening up a little bit you will be taken for some sightseeing in Trivandrum. This will include visits to places like Padmanabha Swamy Temple which is famous for being the wealthiest temple in the world and dedicated to Lord Vishnu. This will be followed by a visit to Napier museum which is a 19th century monument and displays a rare and unique collection of carvings and murals. Finally you will be headed to your hotel in Trivandrum where you will be checked in and stay for the night.

Day 12 : Trivandrum Departure

Post breakfast in the morning you will be checked out of your hotel and made to depart for your point of departure. The drop off at the place of departure like airport or railway station will mark the end of your 12 days and 11 nights of South India Temple Tour Package .

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Trip Highlights

• You will start with visiting the Tirupati temple
• Explore the Shore temple at Mahabalipuram
• Also visit the Arunachal hill temple which is dedicated to Lord Shiva
• At Pondicherry visit the Aurobindo Ashram
• Explore the Pondicherry Museum
• Visiting all the best churches in Pondicherry
• Visit the Brihadeshwara Temple - a UNESCO world heritage site
• Visit to holy island temple town of Srirangam
• Finally visit to Padmanabhaswamy Temple Trivandrum

Package Inclusions

• All car / taxi / cab service
• Accommodation as per itinerary
• Meals as per itinerary
• Driver allowance, parking fees, fuel charges
• Pick up and drop off service

Package Exclusions

• Medical and travel insurance
• Any expense of personal nature
• Monument entrance fees
• Tipping, phone bills, etc.
• Anything not mentioned in the inclusions section

FAQs for South India Temple Package

A. The South Indian temple is essentially composed of a square-chambered sanctuary topped by a superstructure, tower, or spire and an attached pillared porch or hall (maapa, or maapam), surrounded by a peristyle of cells within a rectangular court.

A. The magnificent Siva temple of Thanjavur, built by Raja Raja I in 1009, and the Brihadisvara Temple of Gangaikonda Cholapuram, completed around 1030, are both fitting memorials to the two Chola emperors' material and military achievements.

A. Although Kanchipuram is popularly known as the "City of a Thousand Temples," there is no prescribed circuit and no comprehensive temple listing or map to guide visitors. Rather, the thousands of pilgrims who visit the city every day are usually only familiar with the five most famous temples.

A. Temple food is always sattvic, which means it contains no meat, fish, onion, or garlic and is typically composed of grains, vegetables, fruits, and dairy products. "The food offered in South Indian temples is almost always cooked at the temple, unlike in North India, where you can offer store-bought food,"

A. South Indian food dishes are generally lighter and revolve around a rice-based diet, as opposed to wheat-based North Indian food. Many of the world's most coveted ingredients, such as curry leaves, peppercorns, tamarind, coconut, and chilies, are grown in South India.

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Swayambhunath: A Travel Guide to Kathmandu’s Monkey Temple

Last Updated: March 19, 2021

If you only have time for one attraction in Kathmandu, make it  Swayambhunath . Also known as the “Monkey temple”, Swayambhunath is Kathmandu’s most famous, most visited and most iconic site. 

Swayambhunath stupa is the oldest stupa in Kathmandu and one of the oldest religious sites in Nepal. The historic landmark has been a listed UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1979. 

Swayambhunath, or the Monkey temple as it is often referred to, is located on the top of a hill west of Kathmandu, and consists of a main (huge) stupa surrounded by Hindu and Buddhist temples and monuments of great cultural and historical importance. 

Swayambhunath is achingly beautiful and absolutely fascinating. Besides, the site also offers an amazing panoramic view of the capital city. It is definitely a must-see for every traveler landing in Kathmandu. 

Here’s everything you need to know before you visit.

Table of Contents

A Brief History of Swayambhunath

The legend says that Kathmandu was once a large lake and the hill of Swayambhu was born out of a lotus flower that emerged in the middle of this lake. Swayambhu (Swayambhu literally means “self-built” / “self-created”) is believed to have risen up by itself. According to the legend, Manjushri, the bodhisattva of wisdom and knowledge, came on a pilgrimage from China to see and worship the lotus; impressed by its brilliant radiance, he decided to cut a gorge with his sword at Chobhar to drain the lake and eventually made Swayambhu accessible to all pilgrims. 

The exact date of Swayambhu’s construction is unknown, but its stupa is considered the oldest ( known ) stupa in Nepal ( it is said that the stupa is more than 2,000 years old ). The earliest evidence of the Swayambhu stupa’s existence dates back to 5 th century. Swayambhunath is believed to have been founded by the great-grandfather of King Manadeva, King Vrsadeva. Some of the shrines and temples around the Stupa were built during the Licchavi period (400-750 CE).

Did you know? 

• Swayambhunath is worshiped by both Buddhists and Hindus. In fact, the Buddhist stupa is surrounded by Hindu temples. It is one of the rare religious sites in the world where you can witness a total harmony between 2 religions. A good example to follow, isn’t it?

• Swayambhunath, also known as the Monkey temple, is home to hundreds of monkeys. The monkeys of Swayambhu are considered ‘holy monkeys’. The reason is that Manjushri, the bodhisattva of wisdom and knowledge, grew his hair long when he was raising the Swayambhu hill; then, he got head lice and the lice transformed into these monkeys.

• You have to climb 365 steep stone steps to reach the stupa ( I didn’t really count but there were a lot! ). A real workout! But don’t worry, if you wish to avoid the stairs, you can reach the top entrance directly by car.

• For Newari Buddhists, Swayambhunath is the most sacred Buddhist site in Nepal. For Tibetan Buddhists, it is the second most important after Boudhanath stupa . 

• Swayambhunath is a UNESCO world heritage site since 1979.

• You always have to walk in a clockwise direction around the stupa, with the stupa being on your right side.

Main Festivals of Swayambhunath 

There are three main festivals celebrated at Swayambhunath: Gunla , Buddha Jayanti and  Lhosar .

Gunla is the most important festival celebrated in Swayambhu. It is a month long Newar Buddhist festival celebrating the rains’ retreat. Every day, during the festival, devotees gather, recite scriptures and play traditional Newar music. The festival usually falls in August.

Buddha Jayanti , also known as Buddha Purnima, is a Buddhist festival dedicated to the life of Lord Buddha; more specifically, his birth, his enlightenment and his death, Mahaparinirvana. The festival usually falls in April or May.

Lhosar is one of the most important festivals in Swayambhu. The festival celebrates the Buddhist New Year (‘Lo’ means ‘new’ and ‘Sar’ means ‘year’). It usually falls in February.

What to see and what to do in Swayambhunath?

The main stupa of swayambhunath.

(I do specify ‘Main’ stupa as there are many small stupas around the site).

It is said that stupas represent the enlightened mind of Buddha.

The structure of the Swayambhunath stupa is highly symbolic. Here are some basic information regarding the structure of the stupa:

•  The umbrella (at the top of the stupa) represents the enlightenment.

• The gilded spire with its thirteen golden disks represents the 13 steps to complete enlightenment. The stupa was renovated in 2010 and the spire was re-painted using 20kg of gold.

•  The two eyes looking from the 4 sides are the eyes of the Buddha, who sees everywhere. 

• The nose, looking like a question mark (Nepali number 1, Ek), represents the unity of all things.

•   The whitewashed dome represents the earth.

Around the base of the stupa, in four different directions, you’ll find the statues of the Five Dhyani Buddhas who represent the 5 cosmic elements (earth, water, ether, air and fire) ~ Akshobhya (water), Ratnasambhava (earth), Amitabha (fire), Amoghasiddhi (air) and Vairocana (ether) ~ and their consorts.

The Shrines & Temples around the stupa

There are numerous statues, shrines and temples in Swayambhu. Here are some important structures that you’ll see around the stupa:

• Harati Devi Temple

Located on the northwestern side of the Stupa, the Harati temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to Harati, the Goddess of smallpox and protector of all children.

•   Shantipur (Place of Peace)

Shantipur is a mysterious temple known for hiding a secret underground chamber which is always locked. Only Buddhacharya priests are allowed to enter inside the temple. 

The legend says that in the 5 th century, the Tantric master ‘Shantikar Acharya’ sealed himself in an underground chamber beneath the temple and subsequently attained an immortal state. Devotees believe that Shantikar is still living and meditating there. In 1658, King Pratap Malla went into the underground chamber to seek help in order to end the drought in Kathmandu. After going through many scary underground chambers, the King eventually found Shantikar who gave him a mandala. The King left with the Mandala and as soon as he came out of the temple, the rain started. 

•   Agnipur

Agnipur, a small shrine guarded by two lions, is dedicated to Agni, the Hindu God of Fire.

•   Nagpur

Nagpur is a small tank dedicated to Naga, the Snake God. You can see the snake idol at the bottom of the tank when there is no water.

•   Vayupur

Vayupur is a shrine dedicated to Vayu, God of Wind and Air.

•   Pratapur and Anantapur

Pratapur and Anantapur are two tall white shikar style temples that were built by King Pratap Malla in 1646. These two Shikara temples are dedicated to the King himself, Pratap Malla, and his wife, Ananta Priya. 

•   Vasundhara Mandir

Vasundhara Mandir is a temple dedicated to Vasundhara, the Buddhist Goddess of Wealth, Prosperity and Abundance, who is often compared to Lakshmi, the Hindu Goddess of Wealth.

•   Agam house 

The Agam house, also known as Aagan Chhen, is a shelter for the Buddhacharya priests and their families.

•   Statue of Dipankara 

Hidden on the north-western side of the stupa, behind a courtyard of small chaityas, you’ll find the black statue of Dipankara, also known as the ‘Buddha of Light’, one of the past Buddhas who attained enlightenment before Gautama Buddha. The beautiful statue dates back to the 7 th century.

The Vajra thunderbolt

At the top of the stairs, on the eastern side of the Stupa, you’ll find a giant gilded Vajra, the Great Thunderbolt, also known as Dorje. Decorated with the animal signs of the Tibetan zodiac, the Vajra represents the power of enlightenment and is said to be indestructible.

Swayambhu Buddhist Museum 

It seems that not many people notice this small museum. However, there are two strong reasons to visit it: 1) You’ll find many rare Buddhist statues inside the museum, including a beautiful statue of a Sleeping Buddha, 2) It’s free!

The Chaityas courtyard

Located on the northwestern side of the Stupa, you’ll find an open space with many small chaityas. 

The Stairs of Swayambhunath

If you really want to experience Swayambhu the proper way, you will have to follow the pilgrims and climb the 365 steps leading up to the top of the hill and the stupa. Making the climb is worth the effort. Besides, there is so much to see on the way to Swayambhu stupa (such as the beautiful seated Buddha statues at the base of the eastern stairway).

However, if you wish to avoid the stairs, you can reach the top western entrance directly by car.

The Viewpoint

It is one of the best reasons to visit Swayambhu. Try to come early in the morning for the sunrise or in the evening for the sunset. The panoramic view over the Kathmandu valley is simply breathtaking! 

The World Peace Pond

The World Peace Pond is located on the western side of Swayambhunath stupa. There’s a statue of Buddha standing on a lotus flower in the middle of the pond. According to the tradition, if you toss a coin into the peace pond and if your coin reaches the metal bucket, your wish will be granted.

The Monkey Pool

View this post on Instagram A post shared by Maya 🇫🇷🇳🇵 (@paris_kathmandu)

Watch the monkeys diving, swimming and playing in the water tank kept for them to bathe. The Monkey swimming pool is a really nice (and fun!) place to see!

The Monasteries 

The  Karma Raja Maha Vihar Monastery , located at the northern side of the Swayambhu stupa, was badly damaged by the April 2015 Earthquake and was still under reconstruction at the time of writing this article. 

Part of the Karma Raja Maha Vihar Monastery, the Karma Kagyu Lineage Monastery is one of the most important schools of Tibetan Buddhism and one of the oldest schools of Kagyu tradition.

The Dewa Dharma Monastery is worth visiting for its bronze icon of Buddha and its traditional Tibetan paintings.

Located at the northern side of the site, the beautiful Whochen Thokjay Monastery is also well worth a visit.

The Buddha Amideva Park 

Located at the base of the Swayambhu hill, the Buddha Amideva Park was built in 2003 and is known for its three huge golden statues, representing Shakyamuni Buddha, Chenrezig and Guru Rinpoche.

How to visit Swayambhunath?

Swayambhunath is one of the most important pilgrimage destinations for Buddhists and probably the most popular attraction in Kathmandu; it is no surprise that the site is often crowded with both locals and tourists. 

The best times to visit Swayambhunath are early morning and evening. Swayambhu is one of the best places in Kathmandu to watch the sunrise and sunset over the Kathmandu Valley.

There is no dress code to visit Swayambhu; however, try to dress modestly (particularly if you decide to visit one or more monasteries).

It is well worth it to combine your visit with  Kathmandu Durbar Square , as it is located not too far from Swayambhu. You should count at least 3 hours to hit the highlights of Swayambhu. 

How to get to Swayambhunath?

You can get to Swayambhunath:

• On foot: Swayambhunath is a nice walk from Thamel (about 30mn walk). If you are staying in Thamel, you don’t need to take a taxi. Instead, you can walk from Thamel to Swayambhu via the narrow backstreets of Kathmandu.
• By taxi (if you aren’t staying in Thamel or if you simply want to avoid the stairs and access the site via the top western entrance).
• By Tootle , a Nepali app that allows you to get an easy ride inside Kathmandu by matching you with bikers who are on your way.
• By Pathao , same kind of app as above but working with cars as well.

Where to eat near Swayambhunath? 

Give the restaurant ‘Basuri Veg’ a try if you want to eat near Swayambhu. If you just want to have a coffee, there are plenty of small cafes near the stupa.

Where to stay near Swayambhunath? 

If you wish to stay near the Swayambhunath area, I suggest you to stay in Thamel, as it is a short walking distance from Swayambhu. 

Budget 

If you are on a budget and/or wish to immerse yourself in the local culture, favor a homestay instead of a hotel. Otherwise, Maya Boutique Hotel (located in Thamel) is a great budget choice.

Also located in Thamel, Kathmandu Guest House (by KGH Group) is definitely one of the best mid-range hotels in the area.

Yak and Yeti is a luxury hotel with a nice swimming pool; it is definitely a great choice and located near Kathmandu Durbar Square, Thamel and Swayambhu.

Price? 200NPR.

Where in Kathmandu?

For more travel inspiration in Nepal, visit my Instagram account:  https://www.instagram.com/paris_kathmandu/

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Wow! So many things that I didn’t know. I need to visit again. We missed the Monkey pool 🙁 and the Buddha statues. I didn’t know about the museum neither. Thanks!

Thank you. It seems not many know about the museum, nor the monkey pool. But there is so much to see in Swayambhu, not only the stupa. 😉

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• 1.1.1 Origins and deities
• 1.3 Geographic scope of Hinduism
• 1.4 Holy places and beings
• 1.5 The Swastika and other symbols
• 1.6 Types of religious sites
• 3.1.1 Eastern India
• 3.1.2 Himalayan North
• 3.1.3 North-Eastern India
• 3.1.4 The Plains
• 3.1.5 Southern India
• 3.1.6 Western India
• 3.2.1 Bangladesh
• 3.2.2 Nepal
• 3.2.3 Pakistan
• 3.2.4 Sri Lanka
• 3.3.1 Tibet
• 3.4.3 Lombok and Nusa Tenggara
• 3.4.4 Sumatra
• 3.5.1 Cambodia
• 3.5.2 Malaysia
• 3.5.3 Myanmar
• 3.5.4 Singapore
• 3.5.5 Thailand
• 3.5.6 Vietnam
• 3.6 Rest of the world
• 4.1 Hindu art
• 5.1.1 Major
• 5.1.2 Regional
• 5.2.1 India
• 5.2.2 Indonesia
• 10 Stay safe
• 12 See also

Hinduism is the world's third most prolific religion after Christianity and Islam . With a history spanning many thousands of years, it is the dominant religion in South Asia and has been very influential in Southeast Asia , sharing its origin with Buddhism and Jainism.

Hinduism has been spread to many countries by South Asian emigrants. While the faith has traditionally been less proselytic than many other religions, modern movements such as the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON; Hare Krishnas) have helped spark increased interest in Hinduism in Western countries since the 1960s.

Understand [ edit ]

History [ edit ]

Origins and deities [ edit ].

Hinduism is an extremely diverse religious and spiritual tradition. It has no founder, governing body or single holy book, although the Vedas ( Sanskrit : वेद Veda , lit. knowledge) are regarded by most Hindus to be the holiest and most authoritative religious texts. It is often referred to as not just a religion but a way of life. The beginnings of Hinduism are at least as old as the Vedas, the earliest of which are estimated to date from approximately 1700 BCE, with traces of the religion found in the earlier Indus Valley Civilisation, beginning from 3300 BCE. Many scholars now believe that the Vedic mythology of Hinduism originally evolved from proto-Indo-European mythology, thus sharing a common origin with many mythologies of pre-Christian Europe, such as the Greek, Roman, Celtic, Slavic and Germanic ones. The Vedas and other sacred texts, including the Upanishads , Puranas , and the Mahabharata and Ramayana epics, are in the ancient and sacred language of Sanskrit.

Hinduism is a richly iconic religion, celebrating many gods and goddesses in the form of statues and paintings, and with music, dance and poetry. Hindus believe in a cycle of birth, death and rebirth, corresponding to the Hindu trinity of Brahma , the creator, Vishnu , the preserver and Shiva , the destroyer. Hindu gods are believed to be able to come to the mortal world in the form of avatars — incarnations in human or animal form who can also shape-shift. The most famous examples are Rama and Krishna , two much-beloved avatars of Vishnu. The belief in avatars has also allowed Hindus to adopt elements of other religions, for example by accepting the Buddha as an avatar of Vishnu. Hindus also believe that when the world has descended into complete evil and chaos, Vishnu will descend to Earth once more in the form of a new avatar riding a white horse and carrying a flaming sword known as Kalki , during which he will defeat the forces of evil and restore justice and order to the world.

Many Hindu gods have consorts, with Saraswati as the consort of Brahma, Lakshmi as the consort of Vishnu, and Parvati as the consort of Shiva. These consort goddesses also can come down to Earth as avatars, frequently as the wives of their respective husbands' avatars. Other deities that are venerated include Indra , the god of thunder and lightning, and king of the gods; Agni , the god of fire; and Ganesha , the elephant-faced god and son of Shiva. There is also a Hindu belief in the Brahman — the divine oneness — and therefore, some Hindus believe that all the gods and goddesses are manifestations of an overall oneness, and are monotheists.

Castes [ edit ]

Hindus, especially in India and Nepal , have traditionally believed in a system of castes, which are essentially rather rigidly-defined social classes. The four main castes are the Brahmins , the highest caste which consisted of the priests, the Kshatriyas , which consisted of the kings, warriors and other members of the nobility, the Vaishyas , which consisted of the peasants, craftsmen and merchants, and the Shudras at the bottom, which consisted of the servants of the three higher castes. There are also a substantial number of people outside the caste structure, literally outcastes or "Untouchables" (also known as the dalit ), who were so low on the social order that they were shunned by people with a caste. One's station in life at birth is traditionally considered to be a product of karma , the actions and consequences of what a living thing did in a previous life. One's caste was hereditary and considered to be the karmic result of reward or punishment for actions in a previous life, and intermarriage between people of different castes was strictly forbidden. Those who broke the rules of their caste would be thrown out and become an outcaste. Some advances have been made including affirmative action, but while casteism has been outlawed by the Indian government, like many other long-standing traditions, caste-based practices continue.

Geographic scope of Hinduism [ edit ]

Hinduism started in the Indian Subcontinent and spread to much of Southeast Asia during the reigns of the great Maurya, Gupta and Chola empires. It was prevalent in many powerful Southeast Asian empires and kingdoms for centuries, where it gave birth to some of the most beautiful and impressive temple complexes in the World. Nowadays, most of the population in formerly Hindu parts of Southeast Asia adheres to Islam, Buddhism or Christianity, though the Indonesian island of Bali and the ethnic Cham minority in central Vietnam remain majority-Hindu. However, vestiges of Hinduism continue to survive in the folk tales and arts of the region and in the syncretic beliefs of many Southeast Asians, including large numbers of Javanese people, who practice a mixed Animist/Hindu-Buddhist/Muslim belief system called Kejawen. Indonesia's national airline Garuda Indonesia, was named after Garuda, Vishnu's mount in Hindu mythology, and Garuda is also featured in the coat-of-arms of both Indonesia and Thailand. In the Malacca sultanate, despite being a Muslim kingdom for most of its history, the chief of its navy was known as the Laksamana , whose title was derived from Lakshmana , Rama's younger brother, and one of the heroes who fought alongside Rama in the Ramayana. Today, Laksamana remains the Indonesian and Malay word for "Admiral" that is used by the Indonesian, Malaysian and Bruneian navies.

Starting in the 19th century, there was a great exodus of Hindus from British India to other British colonies such as Malaya , Guyana , Trinidad , Fiji , Kenya , Uganda , South Africa , Burma , Hong Kong and Mauritius , mostly to work as indentured servants or unskilled laborers. In the 20th and 21st centuries, many Hindus have immigrated from India, East Africa and the West Indies to the United Kingdom , the United States , Australia , Canada and other Western countries, and a very large number have travelled to Dubai , Abu Dhabi , Kuwait and other Arab Gulf States to work. Today, the only countries with a Hindu majority are India , Nepal and Mauritius . The International Society for Krishna Consciousness, commonly known as the Hare Krishnas, were founded in New York City in 1966 and have proselytized around the world, gaining converts to their brand of Hinduism. There is no country with Hinduism as its state religion, and all Hindu-majority countries are nominally secular, though there is the highly influential Hindutva movement that seeks to turn India into a Hindu theocracy.

The modern name of India is Bharat in many Indian languages including Hindi , which was derived from the name of one of the great kings in the Mahabharata.

Holy places and beings [ edit ]

Many bodies of water are holy to Hindus, but above all is the great Ganges River of India, known in many northern Indian languages as Ganga and itself considered a Goddess. Ablutions in the river, being cremated there, or simply being close to it are considered holy.

Hills and mountains are often considered holy. For example, in Bali , Gunung Agung , the tall volcano, is regarded as the holiest place on the island.

The holiness of cows to Hindus is well-known around the world. Cows have the run of many streets throughout India, and most Hindus would never kill a cow for food but instead use the cow's milk and make dairy products with it, including ghee (clarified butter), yogurt, paneer (fresh cheese curd), buttermilk and a variety of desserts. Some fundamentalist Hindus even consider the life of a cow to be more important than the lives of their own family members. In Nepal, although the meat of domestic cows is not eaten, the meat of water buffaloes is part of Nepali cuisine.

Monkeys are often considered holy and identified with the monkey god, Hanuman , one of the heroes of the classic Ramayana epic, so do not be surprised if lots of monkeys are running free and looking to steal your sandwich when you visit a temple that honours Hanuman. Elephants are also revered animals for Hindus as they are closely identified with the god Ganesha , and are also associated with Airavata , a white elephant (in the literal sense) who is the mount of the god Indra. Eagles are also often considered holy as they symbolise Garuda , Vishnu's mount. The mount of the popular goddess Durga is a tiger or lion , with the Bengal tiger in particular also serving as the national animal of both India and Bangladesh due to this significance. The cobra is another sacred animal due to its association with Vasuki , the King of the Serpents, who is believed to be worn by the god Shiva around his neck.

The Swastika and other symbols [ edit ]

For thousands of years Hindu people have used the Swastika as a symbol of peace that represents the Brahman (divine oneness) long before the Nazis twisted it into a symbol of evil. It is a very sacred symbol and is not meant to offend but instead to signify the universal connection of the entire Universe and all life in all its aspects, and especially energy. The Swastika is shared by Buddhists and Jains as a religious symbol.

Another very prominent symbol in Hinduism is the sacred sound Om (also spelt as Aum). Om refers to the oneness of the Atman (soul) and Brahman (ultimate reality and entirety of the universe). You will commonly hear the word chanted as part of mantras in temples and yoga schools. It is also common to see the Sanskrit inscription of this word.

Types of religious sites [ edit ]

There are many types of Hindu religious sites including:

• Temple : A structure designed to bring humans and Gods together. Hindu temples are known as "mandirs" in Northern India and "kovils" in parts of Southern India. South Indian temples typically include one or more gopurams , which are ornate and often colorful towers. South Indian empires had great influence in Southeast Asia in ancient times, so the construction of gopurams spread there as well.
• Ashram : A spiritual hermitage or monastery
• Goshala (also spelt Gaushala ): A sanctuary and place of shelter for cows, a holy animal in the religion
• Ghat : A series of steps leading down to a holy body of water (river or lake)
• Pura : A Balinese Hindu temple. Literally "city" in Sanskrit.

Talk [ edit ]

Sanskrit is the original language of the Vedas , Hinduism's principal religious texts, as well as well-known Hindu epics like the Mahabharata and Ramayana . It is no longer spoken natively by any significant sector of the Indian population, though it continues to be widely used as a liturgical language in many temples, and many Sanskrit words survive in the languages of South and Southeast Asia.

In addition to using the holy language, Sanskrit, Hindu temples tend to use the local language of the region when conducting their services. There are English signs at most popular Hindu temples around the world. Outside South Asia, the languages used in the temple are often based on the ethnic makeup of the community who go to the temple. For example in Western countries, Hindi may be spoken in North Indian-style temples while Tamil may be spoken in South Indian-style temples.

Destinations [ edit ]

Because of the vastness, complexity and diversity of the religion, there are hundreds, if not thousands of Hindu holy sites in the world, mostly in South Asia. The destinations listed below are among the most notable but are only a small sample what you can experience as a traveller.

India [ edit ]

Eastern india [ edit ].

• 20.264444 85.828056 1 Bhubaneswar , a temple town and capital of Odisha , literally means God of Earth and features numerous temples in its old town
• 22.572672 88.363882 2 Kolkata , third most populous city in India and home to Dakshineswar and Kalighat temples, both dedicated to Goddess Kali
• 19.890833 86.100278 3 Konark has one of the greatest sun temples in the world, dedicated to Surya, the sun god, partially in ruins but gradually being restored
• 23.425 88.390833 4 Mayapur is the headquarters of ISKCON

Himalayan North [ edit ]

• 34.215 75.501 5 Amarnath ( 28 km northeast of Pahalgam ), the site of the holy iced stalagmite Shiva Lingam
• 30.98 78.93 6 Gangotri , has the highest temple dedicated to the River Ganga and is the first town on the Ganges River. The origin of the Ganges is in Gomukh, which is the terminus of the Gangotri Glacier and a 19 km (12 mi) trek from the town of Gangotri.
• 29.956 78.17 7 Haridwar , literally meaning the "Gateway to God", located at the banks of the Ganges (Ganga) River
• 32.71 74.86 8 Jammu , also known as the City Of Temples, is a major place of Hindu pilgrimage
• 32.98 74.95 9 Katra , the gateway to the Mata Vaishno Devi temple, the second most visited Hindu temple in the world

North-Eastern India [ edit ]

• 24.797798 93.948486 10 Imphal has an important temple dedicated to God Shri Shri Govindajee, with twin golden domes
• 27.8775 96.359167 11 Parushram Kund , (21 km north of Tezu ) is a holy site of the sage Parshuram (known in Sanskrit as Parashurama ), the sixth avatar of Vishnu, on the banks of the Lohit River. It attracts pilgrims from Nepal and all over Northeast India, and is most popular during the festival of Makar Sankranti where devotees take a dip in the holy water.

The Plains [ edit ]

• 26.8 82.2 12 Ayodhya , birthplace of legendary hero, Rama
• 24.85 79.933333 13 Khajuraho , a town famous for its large and ancient Tantric temple complexes
• 29.965717 76.837006 14 Kurukshetra , the site of the epic Mahabharata war and where Krishna is said to have delivered the message of the Bhagavad Gita to Arjuna.
• 27.4925 77.673611 15 Mathura , believed to be the birthplace of Krishna.
• 25.45 81.85 16 Prayagraj (Allahabad), an important pilgrimage city, located next to the Triveni Sangam, the confluence of the holy Ganges and Yamuna rivers, and, according the Hindu belief, the mythical Saraswati River.
• 23.17 75.79 17 Ujjain , one of the "Sapta Puri" (seven holy cities of Hinduism) and four sites where the Kumbha Mela mass gathering takes place every 12 years. Ujjain is also famous for its Mahakaleshwar Jyotirling temple, one of 12 most sacred Shiva temples. In ancient Indian astronomy, Ujjain was regarded as the prime meridian.
• 25.282 82.9563 18 Varanasi , the holiest city in the religion, along the banks of the Ganges River, and one of the oldest continuously-occupied cities in the world. The Dashashwamedh Ghat is a temple at the site where Brahma is believed to have performed the first yajna (religious sacrifice).

Southern India [ edit ]

• 9.92565 78.11425 19 Madurai , centre of worship of the Goddess Meenakshi, who is regarded as an avatar of Parvati, the consort of Shiva
• 10.8 79.15 20 Thanjavur (Tanjore), once the capital of the great Chola Empire, and also home to many magnificent temples dating from that period.
• 13.65 79.42 21 Tirupati , home to the Tirumala Venkateshwara Temple, the most visited place of worship in the world
• 9.288 79.313 22 Rameswaram , the closest point in India to Sri Lanka , the starting point of a chain of limestone shoals that stretch from India to Sri Lanka. These are believed by geologists to be remnants of a former land bridge, which Hindus believe to have been built by Rama for his troops to cross over to Lanka to rescue his wife Sita from Ravana. The town is also home to the Ramanathaswamy Temple dedicated to Shiva, which is a major pilgrimage site for Hindus because it is believed to be where Rama had prayed to Shiva to absolve him of the sins committed during the battle against Ravana in Lanka. The lingam in the temple sanctum is also believed to have been made by Rama himself.

Western India [ edit ]

• 22.240277 68.968611 23 Dwarka , the city which Krishna is believed to have founded and ruled for 100 years. Also the site of the western matha , established by Adi Shankaracharya in the 8th century
• 18.276056 74.321389 24 Morgaon , ( 67 km southeast of Pune ) is home to the Shri Moreshwar Temple, the foremost temple dedicated to Ganesha. It is the first on the pilgrimage circuit of eight Ganesha temples in western Maharashta, collectively called the Ashtavinayak
• 26.487652 74.555922 25 Pushkar , home to the most important temple dedicated to Brahma, the creator god.

Rest of South Asia [ edit ]

Bangladesh [ edit ].

• 23.728889 90.394444 26 Dhaka , the capital, is home to the 800-year-old Dhakeshwari Temple, the country's "National Temple"

Nepal [ edit ]

• 27.71 85.32 27 Kathmandu , home to Nepal's holiest Hindu shrine, the Pashupatinath Temple

Pakistan [ edit ]

• 25.514 65.515 28 Hinglaj , Balochistan . The Hinglaj Mata (Mother Goddess) temple is inside a cave and is surrounded by arid hills and gorges. Also revered by the local Muslim community, it has become a unifying point for Pakistan's remaining Hindu community. Devotees from across the nation make a four-day pilgrimage in April every year.
• 24.86 67.01 29 Karachi , Sindh . The city is home to a famous and historic temple dedicated to Hanuman, known as the Shri Panchmukhi Hanuman Mandir .
• 25.361 69.744 30 Umerkot , Sindh . The Shiva temple in Umerkot is one of the country's most famous, with the temple holding a vibrant three-day Shivaratri festival held in February/March every year. The pond at the temple complex is believed to have formed from Shiva's tears.

Sri Lanka [ edit ]

Sri Lanka was featured in the epic Ramayana, in which it was referred to as the island of Lanka , the location of the fortress of the main villain, Ravana. Ravana was said to have captured Rama's wife, Sita and imprisoned her in his fortress, prompting Rama's forces to mount an invasion of Lanka to rescue her.

• 6.416667 81.333333 31 Kataragama – a Hindu pilgrimage centre in southern Sri Lanka venerated by Sri Lankans of all faiths. The village itself is small but landscapes are great. Once inside the temple complex you will attend rituals that are strongly suggestive. The main event is the annual Esala Festival in July or August but ceremonies are held daily.
• 7.580778 79.816672 32 Munneswaram Temple – located in Munneswaram village, a few km away from Chilaw , is well known for its celebration of Navaratri and Sivarathri festivals.
• 7.956944 80.759722 33 Sigiriya – the famous Rock of Srigaya is said to have been the site of Ravana's fortress as depicted in the Ramayana. The Naipena Guhava , or Cobra Hood Cave, is said to be where Rama's wife Sita was imprisoned after she was kidnapped by Ravana.

China [ edit ]

Tibet [ edit ].

Although Tibet is predominantly Buddhist today and does not have a significant Hindu community, it holds great spiritual importance for Hindus, who believe that Vishnu's tenth avatar Kalki will be born in a hidden village in the mountains of Tibet called Shambhala during the end times.

• 31.066667 81.3125 34 Mount Kailash , in far western Tibet , is believed to be the seat of Shiva in his eternal meditation.

Indonesia [ edit ]

Bali [ edit ].

• -8.374317 115.450909 35 Besakih , site of the holiest Hindu temple in Bali , on the slopes of the sacred volcano, Gunung Agung
• -8.105876 115.160885 36 Jaga Raga Temple , a Hindu temple in Singaraja that was enacted as a call for decolonisation in North Bali
• -8.653794 115.210089 37 Pura Maospahit , a unique urban centered temple in Denpasar
• -8.145668 114.680338 38 Pulaki temple , a minority Vaishnavist temple closest to Gilimanuk Port beside many Shivaite temples in Indonesia
• -8.62107 115.08716 39 Pura Tanah Lot , famous for its picturesque temple close to ocean
• -8.518822 115.258383 40 Ubud Monkey Forest , officially called as Padang Tegal Temple, famous for classical and modern Balinese music and dance, which have religious content and are often performed in temple ceremonies
• -8.523389 115.286358 41 Goa Gajah , also known as the Elephant Cave, an 11th-century temple complex that was rediscovered by archaeologists in 1923, and has been used as an active place of worship by the locals since. Known for its Hindu and Buddhist imagery, including that of Shiva and his son Ganesha, the complex also consists of numerous fountains and bathing pools, which are lined by female statues representing the seven holy rivers of India.

Java [ edit ]

• -7.2 109.9 42 Dieng complex , oldest surviving temples ever built in Central Java , and possibly in Indonesia
• -7.2085 110.341778 43 Gedong Songo , although it only has seven complexes, this temple is destined to be one of the largest temple complex beside Prambanan
• -6.669466 106.735374 44 Jagatkarta Temple , largest temple in Bogor and probably largest temple in Greater Jakarta too
• -7.93345 112.9542 45 Poten High Temple situated in Bromo-Tengger-Semeru National Park , the temple is well known for East Javanese indigenous communities who guard the National Park
• -7.752021 110.491467 46 Prambanan , a very large ancient temple complex in Yogyakarta
• -7.627222 111.131111 47 Sukuh temple , a Hindu temple in Karanganyar Regency at western part of Mount Lawu well-known for depiction of tantric ritual, sexual education, and conception before birth
• -7.541889 112.390983 48 Trowulan , seat of famous Majapahit Empire

Lombok and Nusa Tenggara [ edit ]

• -8.574966 116.180626 49 Lingsar Temple , one of the largest temple in West Lombok , and in Lombok too
• -8.58774 116.131005 50 Meru Temple , oldest urban temple situated in former Selaparang Airport in Mataram
• -8.268385 116.398289 51 Great Rinjani Temple/ Pura Penataran Agung Rinjani , constructed as to commemorate the importance of Rinjani
• -8.32713 116.489056 52 Pura Taman Giri Putri Rinjani , constructed around 800 metres above the sea, making it the highest temple in Lombok

Sumatra [ edit ]

• 3.583917 98.671 53 Sri Mariamman Temple , the oldest temple built in Dutch colonial era and becomes a central point for Thaipusam and Deepavali rituals in Indonesia, especially in Medan . Not far from Sri Mariamman temple, there's also Shri Subramaniam Nagarattar Murugan Temple , a Dravidian Hindu temple built in 1892.
• 3.596547 98.559655 54 Murugan Temple , temple with high statue in Deli Serdang , 14 km from Sri Mariamman Temple in Medan downtown

Rest of Southeast Asia [ edit ]

Cambodia [ edit ]

• 13.433 103.833 55 Angkor Wat , the largest Hindu temple complex in the world

Malaysia [ edit ]

• 3.2374 101.68391 56 Batu Caves , in Kuala Lumpur's northern suburbs, features a huge statue of the god Murugan guarding the bottom of the stairs. The site of Malaysia's most famous Thaipusam procession every year.
• 3.033679 101.437792 57 Klang – home to one of Malaysia's largest Indian communities with a large and vibrant Little India district. Near Little India is the impressive Sri Sundararaja Perumal Temple dedicated to Vishnu.
• 5.4025 100.365 58 Penang is also home to a significant Indian community, and the Arulmigu Balathandayuthapani Temple , located on a hill in George Town , is the focal point of Thaipusam celebrations in Penang.

Myanmar [ edit ]

• 21.1725 94.86 59 Bagan – The Nathlaung Kyaung Temple , dedicated to Vishnu, stands as the only surviving Hindu temple in Bagan among thousands of Buddhist ones. Not far to the south of Bagan, in Myinkaba, is the Nanpaya Temple , which was built by the captive Mon King Makuta, and is dedicated to Brahma.
• 16.795 96.16 60 Yangon – Home to a significant ethnic Indian community that traces its origins to the colonial era, and the Shri Kali Temple in Little India is the main temple of the community.

Singapore [ edit ]

• 1.313305 103.856391 61 Little India – The heart of Singapore's Indian community is naturally a place to look for Hindu temples, and several historically important temples are found in the area. The Sri Srinivasa Perumal Temple , dedicated to Krishna, is perhaps the most important among them, and serves as the starting point for the annual Thaipusam and Thimithi processions. Another important temple, and the oldest in Little India is the Sri Veeramakaliamman Temple dedicated to the goddess Kali.

Thailand [ edit ]

• 13.756331 100.501765 66 Bangkok — Home to a significant ethnic Indian minority, with the Mariamman Temple in Bangrak being the main temple of the community. Vestiges of Hinduism also survive in Thai Buddhism, and there are several nominally Buddhist shrines dedicated to Hindu deities, the most famous being the Erawan Shrine near the Grand Hyatt Erawan Hotel, dedicated to Brahma. The Devasathan in Phra Nakhon District is the headquarters of Hinduism in Thailand, and home to the Court Brahmins who perform some religious ceremonies for the king. If you're departing Bangkok on an international flight, the international departures area of Suvarnabhumi Airport has a large sculpture depicting the churning of the Ocean of Milk from Hindu mythology.

Vietnam [ edit ]

• 10.772375 106.695742 68 Ho Chi Minh City — Once home to a significant ethnic Indian minority of Tamil origin, this community largely fled Vietnam following the Fall of Saigon. However, the main temple of the community, the Mariamman Temple in District 1, still stands and continues to be an active place of worship.
• 12.265395 109.195823 69 Po Nagar , located in Nha Trang , this Cham Hindu temple is still in active use.
• 15.7648 108.124 70 My Son , ruins of the former Champa civilisation, a Hindu kingdom whose lands mainly covered what is now the southern half of Vietnam.

Rest of the world [ edit ]

• -20.418056 57.491944 71 Ganga Talao lake , in Savanne , Mauritius , the most sacred site for Mauritian Hindus.
• -17.807435 177.414438 72 Sri Siva Subramaniya Temple , located in Nadi , Fiji . This temple is the largest Hindu temple in the Pacific, featuring a colourful gopura.
• 10.481694 -61.475528 73 Temple in the Sea , Waterloo, Trinidad , is a popular pilgrimage site for Indian Trinidadians, as Trinidad and Tobago has the largest Hindu population among Caribbean island nations, and was built entirely on reclaimed land when the government denied its main benefactor permission to build it on existing land.
• 40.441667 -80 74 Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , has one of the oldest Hindu temples in the United States, the Sri Venkateswara Temple. Established in 1975, the presiding deity is Venkateswara, a form of Vishnu. The temple is built in a Dravidian architectural style, heavily modelled on Tirupati.

See [ edit ]

Hindu art [ edit ].

In addition to the sculptures you can see in temple complexes, sculptures, paintings and drawings of Hindu deities and scenes from mythological tales are commonly found in the palaces of maharajas (Hindu kings and emperors), buildings and houses where a large Hindu community is present and in museums around the world. All forms of visual art are intertwined with Hindu cultural traditions; Hindu motifs can be seen in diverse art forms including embroidery, ceramics and jewellery.

A unique art form to the Indian subcontinent most often practised during Hindu festivals such as Diwali and Onam is rangoli , where decorative and geometric patterns are created on floors from coloured powder, flower petals and pebbles. Rangoli is usually made near the entrance of homes after cleaning the area and is believed to welcome in good luck and prosperity to the household.

Do [ edit ]

Festivals [ edit ].

There are many different Hindu festivals, some celebrated only in particular regions or only by devotees of a particular Hindu deity. In some predominantly Hindu areas the main festivals of other religions, such as Christmas or Eid al-Fitr, are also public holidays and are at least respected if not celebrated.

Major [ edit ]

The diversity of Hinduism means there are very few festivals, if any at all, celebrated by every devotee. However there are festivals that are celebrated or at least recognised by the vast majority of Hindus to be very significant.

Diwali , also known as Deepavali , is the most important festival in Hinduism, and celebrated by Hindus the world over in late October or early November each year, at the dark of the moon in the Hindu month of Kartika; both the Sikh and Jain religions also have major festivals on the same day. The festival lasts five days in most parts of India. It celebrates the triumph of light over darkness, knowledge over ignorance, good over evil, and hope over despair. The main deity involved is Lakshmi, the Goddess of Prosperity. Many lanterns are lit, both in homes and around temples. Many people buy new clothes for the occasion. During the night in the big cities, fireworks will go off in every street and last for hours. There are many fine photo opportunities for travellers.

Dussehra commemorates the death of demon Ravana at the hands of Rama, and is arguably the most important moment in the Ramayana epic tale. Throughout the Hindu world, giant effigies of Ravana are burnt to celebrate the triumph of good over evil.

Holi , the festival of colours, is celebrated at the full moon before the spring equinox. The eve of Holi typically has bonfires, music and dancing. On the day itself, people paint each other with bright colours; dry powdered paints, buckets of liquid and water pistols are all used. Often plain white cotton garments are worn, to avoid messing up better clothes. It can get rather raucous, though some respect is shown; for example the Buddhist monks at Bodhgaya can walk through a crowd without being painted. Tourists, however, are not exempt — in fact, some of the crowd may particularly enjoy painting visitors. Tourists should dress with this in mind.

Maha Shivaratri , meaning "the great night of Shiva", is celebrated annually in honor of the god Shiva and his wife, the goddess Parvati. It falls in the month of Maagh corresponding with January/February in the Gregorian calendar. Best places to attend Mahashivrati are Junagadh ( Gujarat ), Mandi ( Himachal Pradesh ), Ujjain ( Madhya Pradesh ), and Srikalahasti ( Andhra Pradesh ).

Makar Sankranti is a harvest festival falling on the same date in the Gregorian calendar every year: 14 January. It's celebrated almost everywhere in India and Nepal . Makar Sankranti is known as Maghi in Punjab , Thai Pongal in Tamil Nadu , Uttarayana in Gujarat and Rajasthan , and Lohri in Haryana and Himachal Pradesh .

Regional [ edit ]

Bonalu is a Telugu/Hindu festival celebrated for a Mother Goddess in Hyderabad and other parts of Telangana . It falls in the month of Ashada Masam, in July/August. Participants in the Bonalu festival bear the deity on their head. Some trancing women dance while drummers give them the rhythm in a carnival-like atmosphere.

Chhath Puja , dedicated to Sun God Surya, is unique to Muzaffarpur ( Bihar ), Jamshedpur ( Jharkhand ), and in some parts of Uttar Pradesh and Nepal ( Kathmandu , Janakpur , Malangawa ).

Navratri , meaning "nine nights" is a major festival in honor of the deity Durga, an incarnation of the mother goddess Mahadevi, held four times a year all over India. Traditional Garba dances are performed during the festival in Gujarat 's main cities. Navratri is one of the most significant festivals among Punjabi and Jammu Hindus. Many devotees fast for up to seven days and on the eighth day perform Kanjak Puja, where young girls representing Durga are venerated and worshipped.

Thaipusam or Kavadi is a festival in honor of Murugan, the Tamil God of War. Kavadi, literally meaning "sacrifice at every step" in Tamil, is a dance performed by the devotees during the festival. You can witness Thaipusam at Palani , where thousands of devotees flock to attend Kavadi. Outside of Tamil Nadu , Thaipusam celebrations take place in Mauritius ; Batu Caves , a few km away from Kuala Lumpur ; and Singapore .

Thimithi , the Tamil fire walking festival celebrated just before Diwali in honour of the goddess Draupati, who is featured in the Mahabharata. During the festival, male devotees walk on burning coals to fulfil their vows made to the goddess in exchange for her blessing. In India, you can watch Thimithi at numerous villages throughout Tamil Nadu, particularly the ones with Draupati as their patron goddess. Also celebrated by the Tamil diaspora in Malaysia and Singapore.

Ratha Yatra , also known as the Chariot Festival, commemorates the deity Jagannath, regarded to be the Lord of the Universe. The most famous celebration of the festival is held every year in Puri , Odisha .

Nyepi , or the Hindu New Year, is the most important festival in Bali , where Diwali is not celebrated. On this day, all Balinese Hindus are required to refrain from all forms of entertainment, avoid lighting fires and observe a code of silence (which means no talking) for the entire day, as this is believed to be necessary to fool the evil spirits into thinking that the island is deserted. This means that the entire island, including the airport and all tourist facilities, shuts down for the entire day, and a curfew is imposed, so you will be confined to your hotel. That said, many rituals are performed on the days leading up to, and the days immediately after this day, and these are a great way for tourists to experience the local culture.

Galungan is the Balinese equivalent of Diwali, marking the triumph of good over evil, albeit celebrated on a different day. During this period, the Balinese believe that the spirits of their dead ancestors return to the world of the living, and offerings of food are made in order to appease them. You will see penjor , bamboo poles with offerings suspended at the end, lining the streets of Bali.

Performances [ edit ]

Traditional South and Southeast Asian performing arts often draw their stories from Hindu mythology, with one of the most highly regarded works of Indian literature being the play Shakuntala by the Gupta-era poet Kalidasa, which was adapted from a story in the Mahabharata. The Ramayana is particular has been a popular source of inspiration for many works, and numerous local adaptations of the Ramayana are an integral part of the literary traditions of numerous Southeast Asian countries. Many traditional Southeast Asian performing arts also draw their inspiration from the Ramayana, even in places that are today nominally Buddhist, Muslim or Christian. Recognising its popularity and cultural significance, the Indian Council for Cultural Relations holds an annual International Ramayana Festival , where various local adaptions of the Ramayana from South and Southeast Asia are performed.

• Bharata Natyam (classical Indian dance) and various forms of classical Indian music are very commonly dedicated to a Hindu God or Goddess. For example, many kriti have lyrics of praise to a deity, and these are known to Hindu audiences even if the melodies are performed at a concert only by instrumentalists.

Traditional forms of Hindu and Hindu-derived religious performance include:

• Kecak , a Balinese dance, usually by a group of men, who also do a loud rhythmic chant of "cha-ke-chak," which reenacts a battle from the classic Hindu epic, the Ramayana
• Legong , a classic Balinese dance that is traditionally performed by girls at ceremonies at Hindu temples
• Wayang Kulit , the shadow play based on stories from the Ramayana. There are different styles within Indonesia, notably including Central Javanese and Balinese, and related shadow play genres exist in other Southeast Asian countries — including Malaysia , where the state of Kelantan used to be the wellspring of another style of Hindu-derived Wayang Kulit and a traditional operatic style called Mak Yong, which included tales from the other major Hindu epic, the Mahabharata, but these are increasingly hard to find. In Central Java, Yogyakarta and Solo are best-known for Wayang Kulit.
• Wayang Orang , the traditional drama of Solo, Central Java that is performed live on stage by actor/dancers, with the accompaniment of a gamelan (classical Javanese orchestra) and based on stories from the Mahabharata

Learn [ edit ]

Many ashrams, temples and other Hindu organizations teach yoga and meditation . Many foreigners including the Beatles have visited India to study these, but there are also many places that offer such classes outside of Hindu-majority areas. The word Om (ॐ), used by millions of people as a mantra (sound) to aid in meditation, is an ancient Sanskrit word that has many meanings, including that of the divine oneness of all. The beginnings of yoga date back to at least the 5th century BCE, and while the knowledge and practice of yoga has spread far beyond the Hindu community, its original context was Hindu.

Buy [ edit ]

Hindu iconography in the form of murtis (statues and sculptures), paintings and drawings of various deities or mythological events are popular items that can be bought during visits to Hindu pilgrimage sites. There are often several stalls set up near major temples selling such items. Other objects for sale include garlands, incense sticks and diya oil lamps, all of which are used during puja rituals, and japamala prayer beads, which are used when chanting mantras.

The Hindu corpus is vast and religious texts are another item to buy. The original texts of the Vedas, Upanishads, Puranas and Ramayana and Mahabharata in Sanskrit as well as translations and interpretations in modern South Asian languages including English are available throughout India, Nepal and other regions with significant Hindu populations. The largest publisher of Hindu religious texts is the Gita Press, which has over 20 branches in India but is headquartered in Gorakhpur .

Eat [ edit ]

The cow is a holy animal in Hinduism, and killing a cow is regarded as sacrilegious. Accordingly, Hindus are forbidden from eating beef, though this rule is interpreted somewhat loosely by Nepali Hindus, who eat the meat of water buffaloes (but not domestic cows). Hindus from certain groups and regions including most orthodox Brahmins are vegetarian. Vegetarianism in a Hindu context generally means not consuming meats and eggs but allows for the consumption of dairy. The high consumption and reliance on milk and dairy products is one of the reasons why Hindus hold the cow in great esteem.

Some Hindu temples serve delicious vegetarian food at a low price. The holy food served at temples is called Prasad / Prashad and varies according to the festival and season. There are usually signature dishes for each major festival. There are often special "fasting" dishes served, which omit a particular food group. The type of fasting food again depends on the festival and reason for the fast.

Most major airlines provide both Hindu vegetarian and Hindu non-vegetarian special meal options on their flights, though these generally have to be requested in advance.

Drink [ edit ]

Bhang, a drink made from the cannabis plant, milk, spices and sugar is fervently consumed in Northern India and Nepal during the Holi festival (February-March). Devotees often chant holy prayers before drinking the beverage and entering into a dreamlike, spiritual state. Note that bhang is illegal in any country or jurisdiction where cannabis is prohibited, as marijuana is an integral ingredient of the recipe.

Some Hindu sects forbid the consumption of alcohol, while the Hare Krishnas forbid the consumption of tea, coffee, Coca Cola and any other caffeine-containing drinks.

Stay safe [ edit ]

There are many animals considered holy in Hinduism, including cows, monkeys and elephants. Often these animals are allowed to roam around freely around temples. Other animals such as stray dogs — and in rural areas, goats — are also frequently spotted. While fascinating, it is best not to feed or grab the attention of the animals. Watch out for monkeys and bulls in particular. They can attack you when you least expect it.

Incense and ceremonies involving fire are a common feature of Hindu rituals. The smoke and smell will be uncomfortable for some and can pose a risk to people with respiratory issues such as asthma.

The consumption of beef is illegal in Nepal and some states of India. Non-Hindus are also known to have been lynched for eating beef by fundamentalist Hindu mobs, who see it as their sacred duty to protect cows even if it is at the cost of human life.

Respect [ edit ]

Visitors to Hindu temples are required to take their shoes off before entering. Do not touch or climb onto the statues without permission. It is a safe option to dress conservatively when visiting, though the suitable dress standards will vary from region to region. Generally, the dress standards of Southern India and Bali are more liberal than those of Northern India , though visitors to Balinese temples are required to wear a sarong and a sash. Men and women should avoid very explicit public displays of affection. In some temples, men and women are required to sit in separate areas.

Many prominent temples restrict photography within the premises, with some even disallow carrying any electronic device with you, including cameras, mobile phones, laptops, smart watches etc. They also prohibit bags, belts, leather products, sharp objects etc. Therefore, it is wise to ask the locals if there are any lockers near the temple so that you can keep the prohibited items away from potential thieves. Even if the temple does not have any restrictions on electronic devices, take extra caution on photographing the deity and think about the sentiment of the locals.

Many orthodox Hindu temples forbid entry to people of low castes and women during their menstrual period, and some forbid entry to non-Hindus. There are also a few temples that forbid entry to all women.

The head is considered to be the holiest part of the body, and touching somebody else's head, even that of young children, is considered to be disrespectful and offensive to Hindus.

The left hand is considered unclean in Hinduism, so make sure you use only your right hand when handling sacred objects and performing religious rituals.

See also [ edit ]

• Christianity
• Zoroastrianism

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Temple Tours & Trips in India

Discover India's sacred temples with one of these guided adventures visiting the most amazing temples. There are 25 temple tours in India to choose from, that range in length from 3 days up to 28 days. The most popular month for these tours is May.

25 temple group tours in India with 87 reviews

Char Dham Pilgrimage Tour from Delhi

I booked a Chardham yatra for my parents and it was an amazing experience for them. They were very happy with all the facilities provided on the trip. The stays were comfortable, the food was tasty and hygienic, and they had a proper visit at all the temples. Thanks, Memorable India for the amazing trip experience.

• In-depth Cultural
• Christmas & New Year

Classic North India - Golden Triangle with Orchha, Khajuraho & Varanasi !!

We just completed this dream tour. It was a well organized tour. The itinerary was filled with major historic sites that introduced you to India history, culture and archeology. For the hotel stay, we upgraded to 5-star and 4-star hotels and we were glad that we did that. The stay in Chitrakoot, due to the limited option in that city, was a government provided facility. We decided to switch to a better hotel and paid a small difference. The hotel and its restaurant were much better. MTA arranged the switch for us very smoothly and quickly. All local guides provided by MTA were very professional and friendly. Two drivers we had were also very good and we felt safe and comfortable. During the entire tour, we got the immediate help from MTA using Whatsapp. We like to thank Kopal from MTA providing us with immediate online help with Whatsapp. If you plan to travel in India, I highly recommend MTA as your tour operator.

• 10% deposit on some dates Some departure dates offer you the chance to book this tour with a lower deposit.

• Sightseeing

South India Temples Tour With Kerala Total Spiritual All Inclusive

we had the pleasure of taking the South India Temples Tour with Kerala Total Spiritual All Inclusive. It was an amazing experience that I will never forget. The tour was well organized and provided a comprehensive look at the culture and history of the temples and sites we visited. Our tour guide was knowledgeable and provided us with interesting facts and stories about the area. The accommodations and transportation were top notch, and the food was delicious. In addition to the temples, we were also able to visit some of the local villages and experience the local culture. We had the chance to meet the locals, learn about their customs, and even try some of their traditional dishes. It was a great way to get an insight into the way of life of the people in South India. Overall, I would highly recommend this tour to anyone looking for an immersive experience in South India. The sights, sounds, and culture were all amazing and unforgettable. I am so grateful to have had the opportunity to experience this amazing tour.

8 Days Private Golden Triangle with Varanasi

Very Nice take care of the customers never short of water so nice and a familiar funny good driver Babloo a please the tourist...... my family of 4 all have very much Nice experience knowing the Indian culture and its exploration with thes fantastic two guys . Very nice job Babloo and Kasif ... We are really having a wonderful experience at Varanasi bodhgaya nalanda Rajgir And all the places keep it up. Will recommending to friends and next tour to be with tourrada

Spiritual India - Yoga, Ganga And Golden Temple

One of the best tours I have done with my friends and family organized by MTA. Everything was perfectly curated. Hotels, Transport and Driver Virender. We enjoyed a lot. Our organizer Manish was just a call away and always available to help and suggest the best things to do and places to eat.

Royal Rajasthan with Varanasi

We are very happy we chose Paylesstoursindia as our tour maker. Overall experience was very good! The driver went out of his way to make us happy so that we could feel comfortable and satisfied. Everything was so different and interesting, the food was really tasty and the hotels were decent and in in good location. We asked for additional guides in a few places and that was a good choice since we learnt more about the monuments and history of the places. Mr. Neeraj remembered about my husband's birthday and the company gave us a birthday cake that was really cute. We'll come back to India again and this is definitely thanks to the travel agency.

Kerala Backwater With Exotic Beaches

• Cultural Photography

Incredible India (4 Star Hotels)

• €150 deposit on some dates Some departure dates offer you the chance to book this tour with a lower deposit.

Golden Triangle Tour with Neemrana

Temples & Tigers

Golden Triangle with Ranthambore and Pushkar 7 Days

Golden Temple Tour

Golden Triangle Tour with Ajanta and Ellora Caves

Heritage Rajasthan

Great trip, very well organised. Driver especially was superb

Himachal Sojourn Tour

First class experience, excellent driver, excellent itinerary, most enjoyable trip

Temple Tours/Trips in India Reviews

Excellent Char Dham Yatra Very pleased and had a wonderful experience on my Chardham trip organized by Memorable India. Our tour planner Mr. Raj had done a great job and special thanks to her for providing us with a well-experienced driver Mr. Lalit. The hotel, transportation and all amenities provided by the Memorable India team at every destination were perfect. Mr. Raj was always available for help. Thanks a lot to our Planner Mr. Raj & Driver Mr. Lalit and the whole Memorable India Team for making my Chardham Yatra so memorable.

Tour was well organized, exzellent tourguides and the driver from Delhi to Agra ( Irfan) was extraordinary good.

Regions in India

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• Golden Triangle (5)
• Southern India (5)

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Be they luxurious palaces, rustic warehouses, simple halls or granite sanctuaries, Hindu temples are springing up all over the world, numbering in the hundreds of thousands. Yet outside of India and a few places like Sri Lanka, Nepal and Bali, what happens inside these temples remains a mystery?to young generations of Hindus as well as to curious newcomers. It?s all a bit intimidating at first. This Insight is designed to answer the common questions that arise: Why are temples important? What are the customs and protocols, the dos and don?ts? What attitudes should one hold inside? Do all those rituals have a meaning? What is the priest chanting? All these musings and more are addressed here to help newcomers?both Hindus and non-Hindus?enjoy and benefit from their temple visits.

7 Most Famous Temples in Goa

When you think about Goa , the things that usually come to mind are beautiful beaches, blue water till your eyes can see, amazing parties and concerts. Goa is so much more than that, filled with immense amount of history and culture that is sure to overwhelm you. With such a rich history and an assimilation of so many foreign cultures and religions, you are sure to find many nice combinations of various activities such as prayer and various festivals. Those who are religiously inclined should take out some time to visit these beautiful temples that are true testaments to the rich cultural and beautiful religious history of Goa.

1. Brahma Temple

The Brahma temple in Carambolim is one of the oldest temples in Goa. Attracting many devotees from around the area. The idol that is inside the temple is said to be from the 12 th Century and is very intricately made. The temple’s name is Brahma Karmali, and is named after the nearby village. During Goa’s struggle for freedom, many sessions were held here by Mr. P.P. Shirodkar, one of the members of the National Congress. The simplicity of the area and the temple will surely relax you and the history behind it is very fascinating.

2. Mahadev Temple

The Mahadev temple of Tambdi Surla is located in one of the most serene and peaceful areas you’ll ever step foot upon. Surrounded by lush greenery on all sides, it is considered to be the oldest temple in Goa, surviving the Christianising of Goa by the Portuguese. The temple is hidden in a clearing inside a jungle. It is small but magnificently designed and made. The temple has survived countless Muslim invasions and a search to eradicate Hinduism by the Portuguese. It is said that a big King Cobra snake resides in the main hall during the night, making it an even more fascinating place for nature lovers.

3. Shanta Durga Temple

Dedicated to the goddess who serves as a messenger between Shiva and Vishnu, Shanta Durga temple used to be a meager mud hut with a small idol but after being destroyed by the Portuguese during the 18 th century a beautiful stone temple was erected. Now it is a large temple complex, just a few minutes’ drive away from Panaji . The temple is famous for its unique architectural style which incorporates both Portuguese and Indian designs. This gives it a very nice and refreshing look in contrast with other temples. This is sure to be a great place to visit during the weekend , and the temple provides guesthouses for visitors and devotees as well.

4. Shri Nageshi Maharudra Temple

A temple in Ponda dedicated to lord Shiva, Nageshi temple is a beautiful spectacle. It has made a name for itself as many devotees claim that after they prayed at the “swayambhu” or naturally made shrine to lord Shiva, many of their prayers were answered. It is said that a temple had been in this location for thousands of years and a cow herder found the idol of Shiva after witnessing one of his cows regularly showering milk in the area. This temple was also untouched by the Portuguese religious and cultural eradication during the 17 th and 18 th centuries. The temple is small and beautiful and has a convenient tank in the front. Many people cool off here during the summers.

5. Shri Bhagwati Temple

Shri Bhagwati temple is located in Parshem. The entire temple complex has five temples, with the main one dedicated to Devi Bhagwati. The temple is famous for its two ‘Deepstambhas’ which are tanks. There are temples that are devoted to Brahma, Shri Sateri, Shri Dev Ravalnath and Shri Dev Bhivangi Panchakshari. The deities are beautifully sculpted and many people come to see them and the beautifully designed temple. The main temple festival is held during the Indian month of Kartika and during this time devotees flock in droves to this abode of worship. The temple is said to be more than half a century old and has survived the Portuguese onslaught against other religions and cultures.

6. Mangeshi Temple

One of the largest temples in Goa, Mangeshi temple is a must visit for people who are religiously inclined during their visit to Goa. Located in Mangeshi village which is around twenty kilometres away from Panaji, this temple was founded during the 16 th century and is almost half a century old. Originally located in Saxty, or Salcette, it was moved during the Christianisation of the village. The temple, now grand, had very humble origins and was only renovated with the grace of the Hindu kings of the area. The main deity is Bhagavan Manguesh, who is an incarnation of lord Shiva. The temple complex holds shrines to lord Ganesh and goddess Parvati, along with a few other deities as well.

7. Mahalakshmi Temple

The Mahalakshmi   temple is located near Ponda and is a great place to visit if you are looking for a religious stop during your trip to Goa. Built during the 15 th century, the original black granite idol of Shri Mahalakshmi was broken by the Portuguese during the eradication of Hinduism and other religions. A beautiful panchloha idol was made. Panchloha is five metals mixed together, usually silver, gold, iron, copper and lead. The temple resembles the Mahalakshmi temple in Kolhapur, which is one of the main areas where the goddess Shakti worshipers are. The temple is located in a beautiful area and is designed aesthetically well.

Goa’s history spans for centuries and these temples are one of the only reminders of the history Goa lost during Portuguese rule and Christianisation. Not as big as the temples you will find in predominantly Hindu areas, the temples in Goa are small but beautifully designed, incorporating both Portuguese and Indian design styles. With such rich history you are sure to enjoy your visit to these temples .

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Understanding Hindu Temples: A Comprehensive Guide to Architecture in India

Hindu temple architecture is a rich and diverse form of architectural expression, deeply rooted in the spiritual and cultural traditions of Hinduism. This architecture showcases various styles, yet at its core, the Hindu temple maintains essential features that embody the profound essence of Hindu spirituality.

Table of Contents

Tirtha – The Pilgrimage

Hindu temples are significant pilgrimage sites, drawing devotees from far and wide. The concept of Tirtha, or pilgrimage, is deeply embedded in Hindu culture. Temples become places of spiritual journey, offering a profound and transformative experience to those who visit them.

Incorporation of Cosmic Elements

Hindu temple architecture encompasses all the cosmic elements present in the Hindu pantheon. These elements include fire, water, representations of nature, various deities, feminine and masculine energies, and the fundamental principles of life, such as kama (desire) and artha (wealth). Even the fleeting sounds and fragrant incense that fill the air are integral to the temple experience.

Architectural Guidelines of Hindu Temples

The architectural principles governing the construction of Hindu temples are laid out in texts like the Shilpa Shastras and Vastu Sastras. These ancient texts provide detailed instructions and guidelines for temple construction, covering everything from the layout and proportions to intricate carvings and ornamentation.

Flexibility and Creative Expression

Hindu temple architects have embraced artistic independence. They often exhibit great flexibility in expressing their creativity, allowing for a rich tapestry of architectural styles. In doing so, they may adopt various geometrical and mathematical principles to convey the profound Hindu way of life.

Hindu temple architecture is a testament to the enduring spiritual and artistic traditions of Hinduism. It is a living embodiment of the union between the divine and the mortal, providing a sacred space for worship, reflection, and transcendence. The rich symbolism, intricate designs, and profound spirituality that permeate these architectural marvels continue to inspire and uplift those who visit them, offering a glimpse into the timeless wisdom of Hindu culture.

The Central Sanctum and Surrounding Structures

At the heart of a Hindu temple lies the inner sanctum, known as the Garbha Griha or womb-chamber. Within this sacred space, a Murti (Sculpture), representing a deity, is enshrined. The Garbha Griha is often a simple, unadorned cell, designed to facilitate rituals and prayers. Worshipers typically circumambulate this chamber in a clockwise direction, signifying a path of spiritual progression.

Architectural Diversity

Hindu temple architecture boasts a remarkable diversity of styles and designs. These architectural variations are a testament to the flexibility and creative expression encouraged by temple builders. While the central deity sanctum remains a constant, the surroundings may vary significantly.

Prominent Features of Hindu Temple Architecture

• Shikhara or Vimana:  Crowning the garbhagriha is a prominent tower-like structure known as the shikhara in North India and vimana in the South. These towering spires are not merely decorative but also hold symbolic and spiritual significance. The vimana, in particular, is a distinctive feature of South Indian temple architecture.
• Circumambulatory Passage (Parikrama):  Encircling the garbhagriha, you will often find a circumambulatory passage. This path allows devotees to walk around the central sanctum as a part of their worship.
• Mandapa (Congregation Hall):  Hindu temples frequently include a mandapa, a congregation hall used for gatherings, rituals, and festivities. This hall serves as a communal space for religious and cultural activities.
• Antarala (Antechamber) and Porch:  In some temples, an antarala, or antechamber, connects the garbhagriha to the mandapa. This transitional space is often adorned with intricate carvings and serves as a threshold between the sacred and profane. A porch may also be present to welcome devotees and visitors.
• Additional Buildings and Structures:  Hindu temple complexes are not limited to a single structure. They often encompass a variety of buildings, including smaller shrines, meditation halls, and educational institutions. These structures can be interconnected or separate from the main temple.

Evolution of Temple Architecture in India

Temple building during the gupta period (4th century ad).

The Gupta period marked the Golden Age of Northern India, with remarkable temple-building activities. This era gave birth to Nalanda University and various architectural wonders. Notable among them are the UMNO Tower in Penang and Menara Mesiniaga in Selangor, both Malaysia, showcasing “bioclimatic” architecture.

Architectural Pioneering in the Gupta Period

The Gupta period saw an architectural renaissance that left a lasting legacy. The UMNO Tower in Penang and Menara Mesiniaga in Selangor, Malaysia, both products of this era, are now iconic structures in the field of “bioclimatic” architecture.

A Temple from the Ancient Pages: Sanchi (415 AD)

The Temple at Sanchi, dating back to 415 A.D., stands as one of the earliest known free-standing stone structures. It is characterized by its simple square cell and a porch adorned with columns topped by bell and lion capitals, reflecting Mauryan influences.

Experimentation in Karnataka (450-650 AD)

In Aihole and Pattadakal, Karnataka, groundbreaking experiments in temple building unfolded from 450 to 650 AD. These experiments gave rise to the prototypes for Hindu temples that displayed features of both Nagara and Dravida architectural styles.

Dravidian Style Emerges

The Pallava rulers left a significant mark on temple architecture with their Shore Temple at Mahabalipuram. This marked the emergence of the Dravidian style, characterized by pyramid-shaped towers called vimana. This style predominantly employed materials such as sandstone, soapstone, or granite, and is primarily found in South India.

The Pallava Architectural Phases

Under the Pallavas, two architectural phases unfolded. The first phase, under Mahendra and Mamalla groups, saw the creation of rock-cut cave shrines and monolithic temples. The second phase, under Rajasimha and Nandivarman, witnessed the development of structural temples.

Chola Dynasty’s Architectural Triumph

The Chola dynasty is celebrated for its temples’ architectural excellence. Structures like the Brihadeshwara temple at Tanjore and Gangaikondacholapuram exemplify the pinnacle of Chola architecture. These temples feature vimanas and towering gopurams, contributing to South India’s distinct Dravida style.

Regional Contributions to Temple Architecture

Various regions in India left their unique imprint on temple architecture. The Pratiharas in Ujjain, Palas in Bengal and Bihar, Chandela in Bundelkhand, and Orissa’s temples, such as the Sun temple in Konark and Lingaraja temple in Bhubaneshwar, each exhibit their architectural characteristics.

Nagara Temple Architecture

In North and Eastern India, the Nagara style of temple architecture thrived. This style is characterized by spiral roofs, or shikaris, and the presence of garbhagriha. Prominent examples include the Sun temple at Konark, Khajuraho temples, and Jain temples at Mount Abu.

Vesara Temple Architecture: The Blend of Styles

Vesara temple architecture is a fusion of both Dravida and Nagara styles. It originated in Karnataka, primarily between the Vindhyas and the river Krishna, and is known for its innovative designs. The Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas, and Hoysalas contributed to the development of Vesara architecture, leading to remarkable structures in the region.

In summary, India’s temple architecture is a rich tapestry of styles and influences that have evolved over centuries. From the Gupta period’s innovative “bioclimatic” architecture to the distinct Dravida and Nagara styles found in South and North India, each architectural tradition reflects the cultural, regional, and historical diversity of this ancient land. Vesara architecture, with its blend of styles, adds another layer of complexity to India’s temple-building heritage. The country’s temples stand not only as architectural wonders but as living testaments to India’s enduring spiritual and artistic traditions.

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