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• Medical Tourism Companies

Top 10 Medical Tourism Companies Worldwide

The global medical tourism market reached a value of US$ 119.7 Billion in 2023. Leading healthcare providers in the global medical tourism industry are currently focusing on providing innovative medicines and improved healthcare services to patients. Besides this, they are also offering comprehensive medical tourism packages to patients, which include all travel-related services ranging from ticket booking to accommodation and medical insurance. Furthermore, governing agencies of numerous countries have implemented stringent regulations to promote the growth of the medical infrastructure. This, in confluence with extensive research and development (R&D) activities, is anticipated to provide lucrative opportunities for leading healthcare providers across the globe. Looking forward, IMARC Group expects the market to reach US$ 650.8 Billion by 2032, exhibiting a CAGR of 20.1% during 2024-2032.

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List of Top 10 Medical Tourism Companies Worldwide :  

Aditya birla health services limited.

Establishment : 2001 Headquarters : Pune, India

Aditya Birla Health Services Limited is a non-government company that offers healthcare services to patients in India. The hospital provides cardiac sciences, critical care, dentistry, internal medicines, mother and child health , nutrition and dietetics, ophthalmology, pain management , anesthesiology, laboratory, physiotherapy, rehabilitation, and emergency medical services.

Apollo Hospitals Enterprise Limited

Establishment : 1983 Headquarters : Chennai, India

Apollo Hospitals Enterprise Limited is engaged in providing healthcare services and operating standalone pharmacies. The major operating segments of the company include Healthcare, Pharmacy and Others. Amongst these, the Healthcare segment comprises hospitals, hospital-based pharmacies, and projects and consultancy services. Its tertiary care hospitals provide care in over 50 specialties, including cardiac sciences, oncology, neurosciences, critical care, orthopedics, radiology, gastroenterology and transplant. It also offers project research services, consultancy services, health insurance services, and education and training programs. Moreover, it operates birthing centers, day surgery centers and dental clinics.

Asian Heart Institute & Research Centre Pvt. Ltd .

Establishment : 2002 Headquarters : Maharashtra, India

Asian Heart Institute (AHI) & Research Centre Pvt. Ltd. offers quality cardiac care to patients at reasonable costs. It prides itself on quality in design, patient care, medical, paramedical and general staff and infrastructure facilities.

Barbados Fertility Center

Establishment : 2002 Headquarters : Bridgetown, Barbados

Barbados Fertility Center is a sole in vitro fertilization (IVF) clinic in Barbados, which is a relatively small island located in the Caribbean. It is popular across the globe for IVF treatment due to the high standards it adheres to and the low cost of their services as compared to the United States (US).

BB Healthcare Solutions Ltd .

Establishment : 2015 Headquarters : Basildon, United Kingdom

BB Healthcare Solutions Ltd. is a hospital and healthcare company that offers clinics and services, travel vaccinations, and non-NHS services.

Fortis Healthcare Limited

Establishment : 2001 Headquarters : Haryana, India

Fortis Healthcare Limited is a leading integrated healthcare delivery service provider in India. The healthcare verticals of the company include hospitals, diagnostics and daycare specialty facilities. At present, it operates its healthcare delivery services in India, Dubai and Sri Lanka with 36 healthcare facilities, around 9,000 potential beds and over 415 diagnostics centers.

Headquarters : United States

Healthbase, a US-based medical tourism facilitator, offers clients intelligent choices of state-of-the-art hospital facilities and trained professional doctors that are known internationally. It has advanced communication technology that enables an effective exchange of communication. 

KPJ Healthcare Berhad

Establishment : 1981 Headquarters : Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

KPJ Healthcare Berhad is a leading provider of private healthcare services. The company’s integrated network comprises more than 27 specialist hospitals located throughout the nation. With its expansion abroad, it currently has two hospitals in Indonesia, one in Bangkok and another in Bangladesh.

Prince Court Medical Centre Sdn Bhd

Establishment : 2007 Headquarters : Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Prince Court Medical Centre is a 270-bed private healthcare facility. Its objective is to be one of the leading healthcare providers in Asia that provide medical care at the highest international standards through world-class facilities, innovative technology and excellent customer services.

Samitivej Hospital Group

Establishment : 1979 Headquarters : Bangkok, Thailand

Samitivej Hospital Group is a private hospital that was awarded the prestigious recognition as a Mother and Baby-Friendly Hospital by WHO and UNICEF. Other recognitions include the Prime Minister Award for the Most Recognized Service in 2004, hospital accreditation from the Hospital Accreditation Board of Thailand, and JCI accreditation.

Seoul National University Hospital

Establishment : 1885 Headquarters : Seoul, Republic of Korea

Seoul National University Hospital is a tertiary hospital that has been leading medical advancement of the Republic of Korea for the past 130 years. It provides world-class medical services to patients by enhancing the patient-care system and working towards maintaining a comfortable environment.

Headquarters : Leuven, Belgium

UZ Leuven is the largest Belgian hospital, known as a leading international medical center, which strives for high-technology and human patient care. With more than 9,000 employees, it annually admits 57,500 patients and provides 70,100 consultations and 56,600 surgical procedures.

About IMARC Group: IMARC Group is a leading market research and consulting company that offers management strategy and market research worldwide. The company has done multiple projects on the global medical tourism market, which has enabled the clients to set up and expand their businesses successfully. Some of the company’s offerings include:

• Market Research
• Plant setup
• Plant Expansion
• Marketing and sales
• Procurement and Distribution
• Innovation and Product Development

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DESTINATION

United States

1. Overview

Brief introduction to the country and its reputation in medical tourism.

The United States of America is known around the world for its cutting-edge medical research, highly qualified healthcare professionals, and state-of-the-art medical facilities. As a result, it has become a leading destination for medical tourism, attracting patients from various countries seeking specialized treatments and procedures not readily available or affordable in their home nations. The U.S. healthcare system is renowned for its high standard of care and offers a broad range of treatments from elective surgeries to life-saving interventions.

Historical and Cultural Significance in Medicine

Historically, the United States has been a pioneer in medical research and innovation. From the discovery of insulin to groundbreaking work in genomics and robotics, the nation has long been at the forefront of medical advancements. Furthermore, American institutions have been the recipients of numerous Nobel Prizes in Physiology or Medicine, signifying its pivotal role in the medical landscape. Culturally, the U.S. is often viewed as a melting pot of diverse medical philosophies, blending various global perspectives to create a comprehensive healthcare system.

Diverse Medical Landscape

One of the unique aspects of medical tourism in the United States is the diversity of treatments and healthcare options available. Whether it's world-class cancer centers, renowned cardiac care facilities, or holistic wellness retreats, the U.S. caters to a wide array of medical needs and preferences. Patients can expect a high level of customization and a patient-centric approach, designed to provide the best possible outcomes.

Access to Pioneering Technologies

The U.S. is home to some of the world’s most advanced medical technologies, many of which were developed within its borders. From the latest MRI and surgical robotics to innovative drug therapies, the country offers medical tourists access to cutting-edge treatments that may be unavailable or unaffordable in their home countries.

2. Popular Medical Procedures

List of procedures.

Medical tourists often visit the United States for specialized treatments that include, but are not limited to:

• Oncology services
• Cardiac surgeries
• Orthopedic procedures
• Cosmetic surgeries
• Transplant surgeries
• Neurological treatments

Specializations and Pioneering Treatments

The United States specializes in precision medicine, genomics, and robotic-assisted surgeries among other advanced treatments. It is also a leader in pioneering minimally invasive surgical techniques and targeted cancer therapies. These innovations not only improve success rates but also reduce recovery time and increase the overall patient experience.

3. Top Hospitals & Clinics

List of renowned hospitals.

• Mayo Clinic
• Cleveland Clinic
• Johns Hopkins Hospital
• Massachusetts General Hospital

Accreditation and Affiliations

Most top hospitals in the United States are accredited by organizations such as the Joint Commission or the Healthcare Facilities Accreditation Program (HFAP). These organizations ensure that healthcare providers maintain high standards of patient care and safety.

Special Features, Awards, or Recognitions

Many American hospitals are recognized globally for their clinical excellence, patient safety, and cutting-edge medical research. Awards such as the Magnet Recognition for Nursing Excellence are often indicators of a high standard of care.

4. Cost Comparison

Comparative data.

Medical procedures in the United States are often more expensive than in other countries. For example, a hip replacement may cost between $30,000 and $40,000 in the U.S., compared to $10,000 to $15,000 in countries like India or Thailand. However, the quality of care and access to advanced technologies can justify the higher costs for some patients.

Price Ranges

Prices for medical procedures can vary widely depending on the hospital and the state. It is crucial to consult various sources and get multiple quotes before making a decision.

5. Quality & Safety

Medical standards and practices.

The United States adheres to some of the strictest medical standards in the world, enforced by federal and state laws. These regulations are designed to ensure the highest quality of patient care and safety.

Accreditation Systems, Regulatory Bodies, and Quality Checks

Organizations like the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) play pivotal roles in ensuring the safety and efficacy of medical treatments and devices.

Patient Safety Protocols and Patient Rights

Patient safety is a high priority, with protocols in place for everything from sanitation and infection control to patient confidentiality. Patients also have the right to informed consent and the right to seek a second opinion.

6. Medical Visa Information

Guidelines and requirements.

For medical treatment in the United States, foreign nationals generally require a B-2 visa. Requirements for this visa include proof of medical appointment and financial ability to pay for treatments.

Duration, Documentation, and Application Process

Typically, a B-2 visa allows for a stay of up to six months, extendable in certain situations. Necessary documentation includes valid passports, medical records, and proof of financial ability to pay for treatments.

Other Travel-related Advisories or Restrictions

It’s important to consult the U.S. embassy or consulate in your home country for the most current travel advisories or restrictions related to health and safety.

7. Cultural Considerations

Local customs and etiquette.

While the United States is generally accommodating and tolerant, it is advisable to understand some basic social norms, such as tipping service providers and respecting personal space.

Language(s) Spoken

English is the primary language spoken in healthcare facilities. However, interpreters are often available for non-English-speaking patients.

Dietary Considerations or Restrictions

Hospitals generally offer a variety of meal options, including those that cater to specific dietary needs or religious restrictions.

8. Travel & Accommodation

Popular and recommended areas to stay.

Major cities with top healthcare facilities often have a range of accommodation options, from budget hotels to luxury resorts.

Proximity to Medical Facilities

Accommodations are often available within close proximity to medical facilities, and some hospitals even offer on-site lodging options for patients and families.

Transportation Facilities and Infrastructure

The United States has a well-developed public and private transportation network, making it convenient for medical tourists to move between accommodations, healthcare facilities, and tourist spots.

Recommendations for Post-procedure Relaxation and Recuperation

Depending on the nature of the treatment, locations near natural reserves, beaches, or wellness retreats are often recommended for relaxation and recovery.

9. Legal & Ethical Considerations

Information about legal rights.

Patients have the right to informed consent, confidentiality, and to seek a second opinion. Legal avenues exist for cases of medical malpractice.

Details About Medical Malpractice Laws

Medical malpractice laws vary by state, but generally, patients have the right to compensation if harmed due to negligence.

Ethical Considerations

Ethical guidelines are strictly adhered to, particularly in sensitive matters like organ transplantation and experimental treatments.

10. Benefits & Risks

Medical tourists can expect high-quality care, access to advanced technologies, and a wide range of specialized treatments.

Potential risks include higher costs and the complexities related to travel, such as the physical stress of long flights.

11. Post-procedure Care

Post-operative care.

American hospitals offer comprehensive post-operative care, including follow-up appointments and access to rehabilitation services.

Availability and Quality of Rehabilitation Centers

Rehabilitation centers, often affiliated with top hospitals, provide specialized care designed to accelerate recovery and improve outcomes.

12. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Typical questions.

• What are the visa requirements for medical treatment in the U.S.?
• How can I verify the credentials of a U.S. healthcare provider?
• What are my rights as a patient?
• How do I plan my stay for medical treatment and recovery?

Global Provider Members

Washington, D.C.

329,705,410

As a huge country, the contiguous United States is home to a wide variety of climates. However, in general, it has a continental climate, with cold winters (often frigid) and hot summers (sometimes very hot), with a different season duration depending on latitude and distance from the sea. There are, however, some exceptions: on the west coast overlooking the Pacific Ocean, the climate is cool and damp in the northern part and Mediterranean in the southern part. On the coast of the Gulf of Mexico, the climate is mild in winter and hot and muggy in summer. In Florida, the weather is near-tropical. Ruggid settings like the Rocky Mountains are cold in winter and often cool, even in summer. The southwest features deserts which are mild in winter and scorchingly hot in summer.

Facilitators

American Medical Care

Washington, DC, U.S.A

Fort Lauderdale, United States

St. Thomas, United States

Florida, United States

Beverly Hills, United States

Los Angeles, United States

Newport News, United States

Las Vegas, United States

California, United States

Tennessee, United States

Puerto Rico, United States

Cincinnati, United States

Indianapolis, United States

West Palm Beach, FL USA

Featured Treatments

MedicalTourism.com

MedicalTourism.com is a free, confidential, independent resource for patients and industry providers. Our mission is to provide a central portal where patients, medical tourism providers, hospitals, clinics, employers, and insurance companies can all find the information they need. Our site focuses on patients looking for specific knowledge in the fields of medical tourism, dental tourism, and health tourism.

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Medical Tourism

Medical tourism strategies for attracting international patients: a global approach.

Attracting international patients is critical for healthcare organizations looking to succeed in the competitive medical tourism market. A global approach that encompasses marketing, partnerships, and a focus on patient experience can help organizations thrive. In this article, we will discuss medical tourism strategies that can effectively attract international patients and drive growth.

Marketing Strategies for a Global Audience

Effective marketing strategies are essential for reaching international patients. Healthcare organizations should consider the following tactics:

• Destination Marketing : Promote the unique features and benefits of the medical tourism destination, such as advanced healthcare facilities, renowned medical professionals, and attractive tourist attractions.
• Online Presence : Develop a strong online presence through a user-friendly website, search engine optimization (SEO), and targeted online advertising to reach potential patients worldwide.
• Social Media : Utilize social media platforms to share engaging content, connect with potential patients, and showcase the healthcare organization's success stories and expertise.
• Patient Testimonials : Encourage satisfied patients to share their positive experiences and outcomes through testimonials, reviews, and case studies, building trust and credibility with prospective patients.
• Referral Networks : Establish referral networks with physicians, healthcare providers, and medical tourism facilitators in target markets to generate leads and attract new patients.

Partnerships and Collaboration

Forming strategic partnerships and collaborations can enhance the healthcare organization's reputation and attract more international patients:

• Accreditation : Obtain international accreditation from recognized organizations to demonstrate a commitment to quality care and patient safety.
• Collaboration with Travel Agencies : Partner with travel agencies and medical tourism facilitators to offer comprehensive medical tourism packages that include travel, accommodation, and medical services.
• Joint Ventures : Engage in joint ventures with foreign healthcare providers or educational institutions to share expertise, resources, and technology, expanding the organization's global reach.

Addressing Language Barriers and Cultural Sensitivity

Addressing language barriers and demonstrating cultural sensitivity are crucial for attracting international patients and ensuring their satisfaction:

• Multilingual Staff : Employ staff who speak multiple languages to effectively communicate with international patients and address their needs and concerns.
• Translation Services : Provide translation services for medical documents, consent forms, and other essential materials to ensure clear communication and understanding.
• Cultural Training : Train staff in cultural sensitivity and awareness to better understand and address the unique needs and preferences of patients from diverse backgrounds.

Leveraging Healthcare Technology and Telemedicine

Healthcare technology and telemedicine can play a significant role in attracting international patients and enhancing their experience:

• Telemedicine Consultations : Offer telemedicine consultations to allow potential patients to connect with medical professionals from the comfort of their homes, making it easier for them to choose your healthcare organization for their medical needs.
• Digital Health Records : Implement electronic health records to streamline patient data management, improve coordination of care, and enhance patient safety.
• Remote Patient Monitoring : Utilize remote patient monitoring technologies to track patients' health progress and provide continuous support during their recovery, ensuring a seamless aftercare experience.
• Virtual Tours : Offer virtual tours of your healthcare facilities to showcase advanced equipment, modern infrastructure, and a comfortable environment, allowing potential patients to make informed decisions.

Focus on Patient Experience and Aftercare

A positive patient experience and comprehensive aftercare services can significantly influence a patient's decision to choose your healthcare organization:

• Pre-arrival Support : Provide support during the pre-arrival phase by assisting with travel arrangements, visa applications, and appointment scheduling to ensure a smooth patient journey.
• Personalized Care : Offer personalized care and attention to each patient, addressing their unique medical needs and ensuring their comfort during their stay.
• Aftercare Services : Develop a comprehensive aftercare program that includes follow-up consultations, remote monitoring, and coordination with local healthcare providers in the patient's home country, fostering long-term relationships and patient satisfaction.
• Transparent Pricing : Provide clear and transparent pricing information, including details about medical procedures, accommodation, and other related costs, to help patients make informed decisions and avoid unexpected expenses.

Conclusion: Embracing a Global Approach for Medical Tourism Success

Attracting international patients requires a global approach that considers marketing strategies, partnerships, patient experience, and leveraging healthcare technology. By addressing language barriers and cultural sensitivity, healthcare organizations can create an inclusive environment for patients from diverse backgrounds. Focusing on patient experience and aftercare ensures satisfaction and fosters long-term relationships that can contribute to the growth and success of your medical tourism business.

Global Healthcare Resources: Your Partner in Medical Tourism Success

If you're looking to grow your international patient programs and medical tourism business, Global Healthcare Resources can help. As the leading consulting firm in medical tourism, we provide comprehensive solutions tailored to your organization's needs. Let us guide you towards medical tourism success with our expert advice and innovative strategies. Visit our website at https://www.globalhealthcareresources.com/medical-tourism-consulting to learn more and start your journey towards medical tourism excellence today.

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The Medical Tourism Magazine (MTM), known as the “voice” of the medical tourism industry, provides members and key industry experts with the opportunity to share important developments, initiatives, themes, topics and trends that make the medical tourism industry the booming market it is today.

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What is medical tourism traveling for healthcare explained.

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Excited young woman is showing her documents to check-in attendant. She is standing and smiling

Medical tourism is nothing new. People have been seeking more affordable, sometimes higher-quality care for as long as humans could cross borders. In today’s world that usually means travel to foreign countries for a wide range of medical procedures from elective surgeries like liposuction and rhinoplasty to advanced care for complex medical conditions like cancer and fertility treatments. And it’s a multibillion dollar market that continues to grow with globalization.

There are as many alternative medical offerings as there are destinations in the world – giving people countless reasons to seek medical care away from home.

These often include pursuing more affordable treatment options to accessing specialized medical expertise that is not available locally to combining medical procedures with a luxury travel experience. And admittedly, in some cases individuals may opt for health travel because specific treatments are not recommended locally, have long wait times or for desired anonymity.

But to dispel any misconceptions about medical tourism, not all medical travel is for cosmetic surgery procedures such as breast augmentation, liposuction, facelifts and rhinoplasty. While those are popular, it may come as a surprise that dental procedures, heart valve replacements, fertility treatments and orthopedic surgeries are standard in the medical tourism industry . And according to the CDC , many seek more stigmatized care such as substance use rehabilitation and even physician-assisted death abroad because of cultural differences and acceptance.

What To Know Before You Go

There are many risks, big and small, to pursuing care outside the traditional and highly regulated U.S. system. And it’s important to note that even some small perceived risks carry great weight. For example, language and cultural barriers might seem insignificant at first, but will certainly influence the treatment experience and post-operative care. What is considered standard in one place, may be unacceptable in others.

Differences in healthcare regulations and standards across countries may lead to discrepancies in the quality of care and patient safety, necessitating thorough research and due diligence before choosing a health provider abroad. Common complications include infection, inadequate training and lack of follow up protocol. Additionally, managing post-operative complications and follow-up care from a distance can be challenging, especially when returning to the patient's home country for ongoing medical support. This makes planning and preparation crucial steps for a successful medical tourism trip, ensuring patients make informed decisions and have a comfortable experience throughout the journey.

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Thorough research into accredited medical facilities, experienced providers and patient reviews it is possible to find a reputable destination that aligns with the patient's specific medical needs. But, one must also understand the legal and ethical considerations surrounding medical procedures in their chosen destination, including medical malpractice laws and patient rights. This is where planning and proactive actions come into play.

Arranging travel logistics, including flights, accommodation and transportation, plays a pivotal role in creating a seamless and stress-free medical tourism experience for patients and their accompanying companions. But with the right care providers, treatment plan, facilities and travel goals patients can achieve all their objectives.

One can often save a substantial amount of money, even when factoring in travel and accommodation expenses, compared to undergoing the same procedures in their home country. Further, medical tourism provides access to specialized treatments and medical expertise that may not be readily available in the patient's home country. This can be particularly beneficial for individuals seeking advanced or experimental procedures for specific medical conditions.

Depending on country of origin health travel additionally offers the advantage of shorter wait times and the option to combine necessary medical procedures with a leisurely, often luxurious, travel experience, offering a unique opportunity to recuperate in a new, exciting and relaxing environment.

Where To Go And What To Do

Unfortunately, medical care costs and the health insurance industry in the U.S. have pushed many Americans beyond their means . Although it can be frightening and uncertain to explore options outside the regulated system, each day more and more people are choosing - or are forced - to do so. And countries around the world are stepping up to meet the demand.

For example, countries like Thailand, Brazil and South Korea are renowned for their expertise in cosmetic surgery and attract a significant number of international patients seeking these procedures. For dental treatments many go to Mexico, Hungary or Costa Rica. Those looking for assistance with fertility often travel to Spain, India and the Czech Republic. In contrast, Germany, Malaysia and the United Arab Emirate are top of people’s lists for orthopedic surgeries.

No matter what one is seeking in their exploration abroad, it’s vital to remember that healing time, post-operative care and self-awareness are essential to recovery and safety. This is in addition to all the pre-travel research, validation and planning that must take place. Any kind of medical treatment outside the U.S. poses a risk to the traveler.

But with that knowledge one cannot deny that medical tourism offers a range of attractive services from cosmetic surgeries to complex procedures like organ transplants or cardiac surgeries that can save travelers from prohibitively high costs or long waiting times in their home countries. Destinations with advanced medical infrastructure and skilled health professionals can capitalize on this by promoting their services to international patients, providing not only medical expertise but also opportunities for travel and recuperation in attractive destinations. Although challenges such as varying quality standards, language barriers and post-operative care logistics remain valid concerns for those considering medical tourism, the barriers for seeking care outside the United States are reduced every day.

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Why Patients Are Turning to Medical Tourism

Statistics, Benefits, and Risks

Planning Ahead

Frequently asked questions.

Medical tourism is a term that refers to traveling to another country to get a medical or dental procedure. In some instances, medical tourists travel abroad seeking alternative treatments that are not approved in the United States.

Medical tourism is successful for millions of people each year, and it is on the rise for a variety of reasons, including increasing healthcare costs in the United States, lack of health insurance, specialist-driven procedures, high-quality facilities, and the opportunity to travel before or after a medical procedure.

According to a New York Times article from January 2021, pent-up demand for nonessential surgeries, as well as the fact that many Americans lost their health insurance during the coronavirus pandemic led to a surge in medical tourism once other countries re-opened.

However, there are specific risks that come with traveling overseas for surgery. If you're thinking of pursuing a medical procedure in another country, here's what to know about the benefits and the risks.

Medical Tourism Benefits

The most common procedures Americans go abroad for include dental care, cosmetic procedures , fertility treatments, organ transplants , and cancer treatment.

This is not to be confused with having an unplanned procedure in a foreign country due to an unexpected illness or injury.

Among the reasons a person might choose to go abroad for a medical procedure are:

Lower Costs

Medical tourists can save anywhere from 25% to 90% in medical bills, depending on the procedure they get and the country they travel to. There are several factors that play into this:

• The cost of diagnostic testing and medications is particularly expensive in the United States.
• The cost of pre- and post-procedure labor is often dramatically lower overseas. This includes labor costs for nurses , aides, surgeons , pharmacists, physical therapists , and more.
• High cost of malpractice insurance—the insurance that protects medical professionals against lawsuits—in the United States.
• Hospital stays cost far less in many overseas countries compared to the United States. In other words, quality care, hospital meals, and rehabilitation are far more affordable abroad for many people.

For someone who doesn't have insurance , or someone having a procedure that is not covered by insurance , the difference can be enormous.

Popular Countries for Medical Tourism

Dominican Republic

South Korea

Culture and Language

Many immigrants prefer to have treatments and procedures done in their country of origin—a sensible decision, considering just how much language barriers alone can affect the quality of their care.

Furthermore, at least 25% of immigrants and noncitizen residents in the United States are uninsured, compared to 9% of American citizens. Children with at least one noncitizen parent are also more likely to be uninsured.

Practicalities aside, many people choose to have their procedure done in their country of origin simply because it allows them to be close to family, friends, and caretakers who can assist them through their recovery .

Insurance Incentives

Some insurance companies have started promoting medical tourism. The reason behind this is simple: savings for the insured means savings for the insurance provider and vice versa.

Several insurance providers, including Aetna have programs specifically geared at promoting safe medical tourism. Some insurance providers even offer financial incentives for medical tourism, like discounts on medical bills .

That said, many insurance companies will not pay for surgery performed outside of the country unless it is an emergency.

Luxury and Privacy

Medical tourism is a lucrative business for many countries, and much of the money brought in by medical tourists is reinvested into the local economy and health infrastructure.

The effect of this is apparent in the spa-like luxury that some foreign hospitals offer, providing medical tourists the opportunity to be pampered during their stay for a fraction of the cost they would pay at home.

Some facilities offer hospital rooms that are more like a hotel suite than a traditional hospital room. Other hospitals offer one-on-one private nursing care, which is far more generous and attentive than the staffing ratios that most hospitals allow.

Medical tourists who seek that added layer of privacy can find it abroad. Many can return home from their "vacation" without anyone knowing they had a procedure at all.

Vacation in a Foreign Country

Medical tourists often take advantage of their stay in a foreign country to travel for pleasure by scheduling a vacation before or after their procedure.

This is an especially inexpensive way to travel to a foreign country, especially if their insurance provider is paying for the flight and the cost of staying is low. 

While it seems logical to recover on a beach or in a chalet by the mountains, keep in mind that it's important not to jeopardize your recovery.

Swimming isn't recommended until your incisions are completely closed. You may not feel up to doing much more than napping in the days following your procedure, either.

Don't let your vacation disrupt your recovery. Any time you have a procedure done, especially a surgery, it's important to listen to your body, take your medications as directed, and follow your doctor's recommendations closely.

Bypassing Rules and Regulations

Some travelers seek surgery abroad to bypass rules that are set in place by their own government, insurance company , or hospital. These rules are typically in place to protect the patient from harm, so getting around them isn't always the best idea.

For example, a patient may be told that their weight is too low to qualify for weight loss surgery . A surgeon in a foreign country may have a different standard for who qualifies for weight loss surgery, so the patient may qualify overseas for the procedure they want.

Talented Surgeons

Surgeons in certain countries are known for their talent in a specific area of surgery. For example, Brazilian surgeons are often touted for their strong plastic surgery skills .

Whereas in the United States, insurance companies might only cover cosmetic procedures if it is medically necessary, cosmetic surgery is often free or low-cost in Brazil's public hospitals—giving cosmetic surgeons there ample practice.

Thailand is reported to be the primary medical tourism destination for individuals seeking gender reassignment . It is often easier to qualify for surgery and the cost is significantly reduced. Surgeons are performing the procedures frequently, and as a result, many have become quite specialized in them.

It is often surprising to many medical tourists that their physician was trained in the United States. Not all physicians are, of course, but a surprisingly high percentage of them working in surgery abroad are trained in English-speaking medical schools and residency programs and then return to their home country. These physicians often speak multiple languages and may be board certified in their home country and a foreign country, such as the United States.

Medical tourism isn’t limited to countries outside of the United States, either. Many people travel to the United States for medical care due to the country's cutting-edge technology, prescription medication supply, and the general safety of healthcare.

Medical Tourism Risks

The financial and practical benefits of medical tourism are well known, and you may even know someone who had a great experience. Nonetheless, the downsides of medical tourism can be just as great if not greater. Sometimes, they can even be deadly.

If you are considering a trip abroad for your procedure, you should know that medical tourism isn't entirely without obstacle and risks. These include:

Poorly Trained Surgeons

In any country—the United States included—there will be good surgeons and bad. And just as there are great surgeons abroad, there are also some surgeons who are less talented, less trained, and less experienced.

Regardless of what procedure you are getting or where, you should always do some preliminary research into the surgeon or physician who will be treating you as well as the hospital you will be treated at.

In the United States, it is fairly easy to obtain information about malpractice lawsuits , sanctions by medical boards, and other disciplinary actions against a physician.

Performing this research from afar can be challenging, especially if you don't speak the local language. Yet countless people take the risk anyway, without knowing whether the physicians who will treat them are reputable.

A physician should be trained in the specific area of medicine that is appropriate for your procedure. For example, you should not be having plastic surgery from a surgeon who was trained to be a heart doctor. It isn’t good enough to be a physician, the physician must be trained in the specialty .

Prior to agreeing to surgery, you should also know your surgeon’s credentials : where they studied, where they trained, and in what specialty(s) they are board-certified. Do not rely on testimonials from previous patients; these are easily made up for a website and even if they are correct, one good surgery doesn’t mean they will all be successful.

Quality of Staff

Nurses are a very important part of healthcare, and the care they provide can mean the difference between a great outcome and a terrible one.

A well-trained nurse can identify a potential problem and fix it before it truly becomes an issue. A poorly trained nurse may not identify a problem until it is too late. The quality of the nursing staff will have a direct impact on your care.

Once again, it's important to research the hospital staff where you will be having your procedure done. Read the reviews but don't trust them blindly. If you can, seek out a recommendation from someone who can vouch for the medical staff where you will be going.

Quality of the Facility

While researching healthcare facilities for your procedure, you want to learn not just about the quality of the facilities themselves, but about the country's healthcare system as a whole.

In some countries, there is a marked distinction between public hospitals and private hospitals. In Turkey, for example, private hospitals are considered on-par with hospitals in the states, while many locals will advise you to steer clear of public hospitals if you can.

You will also want to seek out facilities that are internationally accredited. In the United States, the Joint Commission evaluates hospitals and certifies those that provide safe, quality care. The international division does the same for hospitals outside the United States.

Once you have a few options for potential facilities, you can start to investigate specifics. For one, you should find as many pictures and reviews of the facility as you can. Ask yourself whether the facility is state of the art or whether it seems dirty and outdated.

You will also need to find out if the facility has ICU level care available, in case something goes wrong. If not, there should be a major hospital nearby so that you can be transferred quickly.

To learn more about a healthcare facility, consider joining expat groups on social media for the city or country you will be traveling to. Ask the group for recommendations, or inquire about any positive or negative experiences they may have had at a particular facility.

Flying Home After Surgery

Any surgery comes with risks, including infection and blood clots . Flying home increases the risk of blood clots, especially on long-haul flights that are longer than four hours.

Try to avoid flying home in the days immediately after surgery; waiting a week will decrease the chances of developing a blood clot or another serious complication during the flight.

For longer flights, plan on getting up and walking up and down the aisles each hour to improve blood flow in your legs. You might also benefit from wearing compression socks with your doctor's approval.

If you are taking blood thinners or are at-risk of blood clots , be sure to talk to your doctor about how you can reduce your risk of blood clots after your procedure and while traveling.

Furthermore, you should know the symptoms of blood clots and stay alert.

Unplanned Illness

Any time you travel abroad, you run the risk of catching an illness that you have never been exposed to or that your body is not prepared to fight off. This is especially a concern when spending time in a foreign hospital.

If you have a sensitive stomach, you may also want to think long and hard about having surgery abroad. The food is often very different in foreign hospitals, and in some areas, there is a risk that even the water will be upsetting to your body.

Having diarrhea or postoperative nausea and vomiting makes for a miserable recovery experience, especially if you do not have a friend or family member nearby who can help you through it.

Before you travel abroad, check with your doctor to see if you need any vaccines to travel to your destination or if there are any foreign illnesses you should be aware of. Picking up an illness abroad, particularly after your surgery, can potentially be life-threatening.

Language Barriers

If you are having surgery in a country where English is not the primary language, you will need to make preparations in order to be able to communicate with the staff.

You may be pleasantly surprised to learn that the staff speaks your primary language well. If not, then you will need to consider how you will make your wishes and needs known to the surgeon, the staff, and others you will meet.

Whether you are at home or abroad, remember to speak up and advocate for yourself to make sure your needs are met. If you don't speak the local language, download a language translation app on your smartphone and don't hesitate to use it to communicate your needs. Hiring a translator is another option.

A Word About Transplant Tourism

Transplant tourism is one area of medical tourism that is strongly discouraged by organ and tissue transplant professionals in multiple countries. Most international transplants are considered “black market” surgeries that are not only poor in quality, but ethically and morally wrong.

China, for example, the country that is believed to perform more international kidney transplants than any other country, is widely believed to take organs from political prisoners after their execution.

In India, living donors are often promised large sums of money for their kidney donation, only to find out they have been scammed and never receive payment. Selling an organ in India is illegal, as it is in most areas of the world, so there is little recourse for the donor.

Then there is the final outcome: how well the organ works after the surgery is complete. With black market transplants, less care is often taken with matching the donor and recipient, which leads to high levels of rejection and a greater risk of death. Furthermore, the new organ may not have been screened for diseases such as cytomegalovirus , tuberculosis , hepatitis B , and hepatitis C . It is often the new disease that leads to death, rather than the organ rejection itself.

Finally, transplant surgeons are often reluctant to care for a patient who intentionally circumvented the donor process in the United States and received their transplant from an unknown physician.

It is important to arrange your follow-up care prior to leaving your home country.

Many physicians and surgeons are hesitant to take care of a patient who received care outside the country, as they are often unfamiliar with medical tourism and have concerns about the quality of care overseas.

Arranging for follow-up care before you leave will make it easier to transition to care at home without the stress of trying to find a physician after surgery .

Just be sure to inform your follow-up care physician where you are having your procedure done. After you return, they will also want to know what prescription medications you were given, if any.

What are popular countries for medical tourism? 

Mexico, India, Costa Rica, Turkey, Singapore, Canada, and Thailand are among the many countries that are popular for medical tourism.

How safe is medical tourism?

Medical tourism is generally considered safe, but it's critical to research the quality of care, physician training, and surgical specialties of each country. There are several medical tourism organizations that specialize in evaluating popular destinations for this purpose.

What countries have free healthcare? 

Countries with free healthcare include England, Canada, Thailand, Mexico, India, Sweden, South Korea, Israel, and many others.

A Word From Verywell

If you are considering medical tourism, discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor, and consider working with your insurance provider to arrange a trip that balances financial savings with safety. (Also, before you embark on a trip overseas for your procedure, make sure you are financially prepared for unexpected events and emergencies. Don't go abroad if you don't have enough money to get yourself home in a crisis.)

A medical tourism organization such as Patients Without Borders can help you evaluate the quality and trustworthiness of healthcare in various countries. Making sure a high level of care is readily available will lead to a safer, more relaxing experience.

Centers For Disease Control and Prevention. Medical Tourism: Getting medical care in another country . Updated October 23, 2017.

University of the Incarnate Word. Center for Medical Tourism Research .

Patients Beyond Borders. Facts and figures .

Kaiser Family Foundation. Health coverage of immigrants . Published July 2021.

Paul DP 3rd, Barker T, Watts AL, Messinger A, Coustasse A. Insurance companies adapting to trends by adopting medical tourism . Health Care Manag (Frederick). 2017 Oct/Dec;36(4):326-333. doi: 10.1097/HCM.0000000000000179

Batista BN. State of plastic surgery in Brazil .  Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open . 2017 Dec;5(12):1627. doi:10.1097/GOX.0000000000001627

Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health - Global Health Now. Brazilians' risky right to beauty . Published May 2018.

Chokrungvaranont P, Selvaggi G, Jindarak S, et al. The development of sex reassignment surgery in Thailand: a social perspective .  Sci World J . 2014 Mar;2014(1):1-5. doi:10.1155/2014/182981

The Joint Commission. For consumers .

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Blood clots and travel: what you need to know . Reviewed February 2021.

Hurley R. China harvested organs from political prisoners on substantial scale, says tribunal . BMJ . 2018 Dec;363(1):5250. doi:10.1136/bmj.k5250

Ambagtsheer F, Van Balen L. I'm not Sherlock Holmes: suspicions, secrecy, and silence of transplant professionals in the human organ trade . Euro J Criminol . 2019 Jan;17(6):764-783. doi:10.1177/1477370818825331

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Transplant Surgery. Key facts . Reviewed January 2019.

By Jennifer Whitlock, RN, MSN, FN Jennifer Whitlock, RN, MSN, FNP-C, is a board-certified family nurse practitioner. She has experience in primary care and hospital medicine.

Our Response to COVID-19 →

Medical Tourism

The allure of american healthcare: an overview of inbound medical tourism to the united states.

Inbound medical tourism to the United States has been growing rapidly in recent years, as more and more foreign patients seek high-quality medical care in the world's leading economy. According to a report by Patients Beyond Borders, the US is the top destination for inbound medical tourism, attracting more than 1.4 million patients annually and generating over $14 billion in revenue. In this article, we'll explore the benefits and challenges of inbound medical tourism to the US, the most popular procedures and destinations, and the impact of COVID-19 on the industry.

Benefits of Inbound Medical Tourism to the United States

Inbound medical tourism to the US has several benefits for both healthcare providers and foreign patients. For healthcare providers, it can generate significant revenue and boost their reputation in the global medical community. For foreign patients, it provides access to high-quality medical care that may not be available or affordable in their home countries.

One of the biggest advantages of inbound medical tourism to the US is the high level of quality and safety in American healthcare. The US is home to some of the most prestigious hospitals, medical centers, and healthcare professionals in the world, with cutting-edge technology and a focus on patient-centered care. Foreign patients are attracted to the US for medical treatment because of the reputation of American healthcare, and many choose to return for follow-up care or other medical procedures.

Challenges of Inbound Medical Tourism to the United States

While inbound medical tourism to the US has many benefits, it also presents several challenges. Healthcare providers and destinations need to be aware of these challenges in order to attract and accommodate foreign patients successfully.

One of the biggest challenges is the cost of medical care in the US, which can be significantly higher than in other countries. Foreign patients may be willing to pay more for high-quality medical care, but they still need to be able to afford the procedures they require. Healthcare providers need to be able to offer competitive pricing while still maintaining their quality standards.

Another challenge is the complexity of the US healthcare system, which can be difficult for foreign patients to navigate. Healthcare providers and destinations need to be able to provide clear and concise information about their services, pricing, and procedures to foreign patients in their native languages. They also need to be able to offer support and assistance throughout the entire process, from booking appointments to follow-up care.

Popular Procedures and Destinations for Inbound Medical Tourism to the United States

Inbound medical tourism to the US covers a wide range of medical procedures and destinations. According to Patients Beyond Borders, the most popular procedures for foreign patients in the US are:

• Cancer treatment
• Cosmetic surgery
• Orthopedics

The most popular destinations for inbound medical tourism to the US include:

The Impact of COVID-19 on Inbound Medical Tourism to the United States

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on inbound medical tourism to the US, with many foreign patients unable or unwilling to travel due to travel restrictions and health concerns. According to a report by Global Healthcare Resources, inbound medical tourism to the US dropped by more than 60% in 2020 due to the pandemic.

However, as vaccination rates increase and travel restrictions are lifted, there is hope that inbound medical tourism to the US will rebound in the coming months and years. Healthcare providers and destinations need to be prepared to adapt to the new normal of the post-COVID world, with enhanced safety protocols, telemedicine services, and other measures in place to ensure the safety and well-being of both foreign patients and healthcare professionals.

Working with Global Healthcare Resources to Attract More Foreign Patients to the US

If you're a healthcare provider or destination looking to attract more foreign patients to the US for medical treatment, working with a healthcare consulting firm like Global Healthcare Resources can help you navigate the complex world of inbound medical tourism.

Global Healthcare Resources offers a wide range of consulting services for healthcare providers and destinations, including market research, business planning, marketing and management, and more. With our expertise and experience in the inbound medical tourism industry, we can help you attract more foreign patients, enhance your reputation, and generate more revenue for your healthcare services.

Inbound medical tourism to the United States is a growing industry with many benefits for both healthcare providers and foreign patients. While it presents several challenges, healthcare providers and destinations can overcome these challenges by offering competitive pricing, clear and concise information, and high-quality medical care and services. With the help of a healthcare consulting firm like Global Healthcare Resources, healthcare providers and destinations can tap into the lucrative inbound medical tourism market and succeed in the global healthcare industry.

If you're interested in learning more about how Global Healthcare Resources can help you attract more foreign patients to your healthcare destination or services, visit our website at https://www.globalhealthcareresources.com/medical-tourism-consulting . Contact us today to learn more about our consulting services and how we can help you tap into the growing inbound medical tourism market in the US.

Exploring the Surge of Cosmetic Tourism: Trends and Considerations in Aesthetic Procedures Abroad

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The Medical Tourism Magazine (MTM), known as the “voice” of the medical tourism industry, provides members and key industry experts with the opportunity to share important developments, initiatives, themes, topics and trends that make the medical tourism industry the booming market it is today.

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• Section 6 - Perspectives : Avoiding Poorly Regulated Medicines & Medical Products During Travel
• Section 7 - Pregnant Travelers

Medical Tourism

Cdc yellow book 2024.

Author(s): Matthew Crist, Grace Appiah, Laura Leidel, Rhett Stoney

• Categories Of Medical Tourism

The Pretravel Consultation

Risks & complications, risk mitigation, additional guidance for us health care providers.

Medical tourism is the term commonly used to describe international travel for the purpose of receiving medical care. Medical tourists pursue medical care abroad for a variety of reasons, including decreased cost, recommendations from friends or family, the opportunity to combine medical care with a vacation destination, a preference to receive care from a culturally similar provider, or a desire to receive a procedure or therapy not available in their country of residence.

Medical tourism is a worldwide, multibillion-dollar market that continues to grow with the rising globalization of health care. Surveillance data indicate that millions of US residents travel internationally for medical care each year. Medical tourism destinations for US residents include Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Germany, India, Malaysia, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru, Singapore, and Thailand. Categories of procedures that US medical tourists pursue include cancer treatment, dental care, fertility treatments, organ and tissue transplantation, and various forms of surgery, including bariatric, cosmetic, and non-cosmetic (e.g., orthopedic).

Most medical tourists pay for their care at time of service and often rely on private companies or medical concierge services to identify foreign health care facilities. Some US health insurance companies and large employers have alliances with health care facilities outside the United States to control costs.

Categories of Medical Tourism

Cosmetic tourism.

Cosmetic tourism, or travel abroad for aesthetic surgery, has become increasingly popular. The American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS) reports that most cosmetic surgery patients are women 40–54 years old. The most common procedures sought by cosmetic tourists include abdominoplasty, breast augmentation, eyelid surgery, liposuction, and rhinoplasty. Popular destinations often are marketed to prospective medical tourists as low cost, all-inclusive cosmetic surgery vacations for elective procedures not typically covered by insurance. Complications, including infections and surgical revisions for unsatisfactory results, can compound initial costs.

Non-Cosmetic Medical Tourism

Cancer treatment.

Oncology, or cancer treatment, tourism often is pursued by people looking for alternative treatment options, better access to care, second opinions, or a combination of these. Oncology tourists are a vulnerable patient population because the fear caused by a cancer diagnosis can lead them to try potentially risky treatments or procedures. Often, the treatments or procedures used abroad have no established benefit, placing the oncology tourist at risk for harm due to complications (e.g., bleeding, infection) or by forgoing or delaying approved therapies in the United States.

Dental Care

Dental care is the most common form of medical tourism among US residents, in part due to the rising cost of dental care in the United States; a substantial proportion of people in the United States do not have dental insurance or are underinsured. Dentists in destination countries might not be subject to the same licensure oversight as their US counterparts, however. In addition, practitioners abroad might not adhere to standard infection-control practices used in the United States, placing dental tourists at a potential risk for infection due to bloodborne or waterborne pathogens.

Fertility Treatments

Fertility tourists are people who seek reproductive treatments in another country. Some do so to avoid associated barriers in their home country, including high costs, long waiting lists, and restrictive policies. Others believe they will receive higher quality care abroad. People traveling to other countries for fertility treatments often are in search of assisted reproductive technologies (e.g., artificial insemination by a donor, in vitro fertilization). Fertility tourists should be aware, however, that practices can vary in their level of clinical expertise, hygiene, and technique.

Physician-Assisted Suicide

The practice of a physician facilitating a patient’s desire to end their own life by providing either the information or the means (e.g., medications) for suicide is illegal in most countries. Some people consider physician-assisted suicide (PAS) tourism, also known as suicide travel or suicide tourism, as a possible option. Most PAS tourists have been diagnosed with a terminal illness or suffer from painful or debilitating medical conditions. PAS is legal in Belgium, Canada, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and New Zealand, making these the destinations selected by PAS travelers.

Rehab Tourism for Substance Use Disorders

Rehab tourism involves travel to another country for substance use disorder treatment and rehabilitation care. Travelers exploring this option might be seeking a greater range of treatment options at less expense than what is available domestically (see Sec. 3, Ch. 5, Substance Use & Substance Use Disorders , and Box 3-10 for pros and cons of rehab tourism).

Transplant Procedures

Transplant tourism refers to travel for receiving an organ, tissue, or stem cell transplant from an unrelated human donor. The practice can be motivated by reduced cost abroad or an effort to reduce the waiting time for organs. Xenotransplantation refers to receiving other biomaterial (e.g., cells, tissues) from nonhuman species, and xenotransplantation regulations vary from country to country. Many procedures involving injection of human or nonhuman cells have no scientific evidence to support a therapeutic benefit, and adverse events have been reported.

Depending on the location, organ or tissue donors might not be screened as thoroughly as they are in the United States; furthermore, organs and other tissues might be obtained using unethical means. In 2009, the World Health Organization released the revised Guiding Principles on Human Cell, Tissue, and Organ Transplantation, emphasizing that cells, tissues, and organs should be donated freely, in the absence of any form of financial incentive.

Studies have shown that transplant tourists can be at risk of receiving care that varies from practice standards in the United States. For instance, patients might receive fewer immunosuppressive drugs, increasing their risk for rejection, or they might not receive antimicrobial prophylaxis, increasing their risk for infection. Traveling after a procedure poses an additional risk for infection in someone who is immunocompromised.

Ideally, medical tourists will consult a travel medicine specialist for travel advice tailored to their specific health needs 4–6 weeks before travel. During the pretravel consultation, make certain travelers are up to date on all routine vaccinations, that they receive additional vaccines based on destination, and especially encourage hepatitis B virus immunization for unvaccinated travelers (see Sec. 2, Ch. 3, Vaccination & Immunoprophylaxis & General Principles , and Sec. 5, Part 2, Ch. 8, Hepatitis B ). Counsel medical tourists that participating in typical vacation activities (e.g., consuming alcohol, participating in strenuous activity or exercise, sunbathing, swimming, taking long tours) during the postoperative period can delay or impede healing.

Advise medical tourists to also meet with their primary care provider to discuss their plan to seek medical care outside the United States, to address any concerns they or their provider might have, to ensure current medical conditions are well controlled, and to ensure they have a sufficient supply of all regular medications to last the duration of their trip. In addition, medical tourists should be aware of instances in which US medical professionals have elected not to treat medical tourists presenting with complications resulting from recent surgery, treatment, or procedures received abroad. Thus, encourage medical tourists to work with their primary care provider to identify physicians in their home communities who are willing and available to provide follow-up or emergency care upon their return.

Remind medical tourists to request copies of their overseas medical records in English and to provide this information to any health care providers they see subsequently for follow-up. Encourage medical tourists to disclose their entire travel history, medical history, and information about all surgeries or medical treatments received during their trip.

All medical and surgical procedures carry some risk, and complications can occur regardless of where treatment is received. Advise medical tourists not to delay seeking medical care if they suspect any complication during travel or after returning home. Obtaining immediate care can lead to earlier diagnosis and treatment and a better outcome.

Among medical tourists, the most common complications are infection related. Inadequate infection-control practices place people at increased risk for bloodborne infections, including hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV; bloodstream infections; donor-derived infections; and wound infections. Moreover, the risk of acquiring antibiotic-resistant infections might be greater in certain countries or regions; some highly resistant bacterial (e.g., carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales [CRE]) and fungal (e.g., Candida auris ) pathogens appear to be more common in some countries where US residents travel for medical tourism (see Sec. 11, Ch. 5, Antimicrobial Resistance ).

Several infectious disease outbreaks have been documented among medical tourists, including CRE infections in patients undergoing invasive medical procedures in Mexico, surgical site infections caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria in patients who underwent cosmetic surgery in the Dominican Republic, and Q fever in patients who received fetal sheep cell injections in Germany.

Noninfectious Complications

Medical tourists have the same risks for noninfectious complications as patients receiving medical care in the United States. Noninfectious complications include blood clots, contour abnormalities after cosmetic surgery, and surgical wound dehiscence.

Travel-Associated Risks

Traveling during the post-operative or post-procedure recovery period or when being treated for a medical condition could pose additional risks for patients. Air travel and surgery independently increase the risk for blood clots, including deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary emboli (see Sec. 8, Ch. 3, Deep Vein Thrombosis & Pulmonary Embolism ). Travel after surgery further increases the risk of developing blood clots because travel can require medical tourists to remain seated for long periods while in a hypercoagulable state.

Commercial aircraft cabin pressures are roughly equivalent to the outside air pressure at 6,000–8,000 feet above sea level. Medical tourists should not fly for 10 days after chest or abdominal surgery to avoid risks associated with changes in atmospheric pressure. ASPS recommends that patients undergoing laser treatments or cosmetic procedures to the face, eyelids, or nose, wait 7–10 days after the procedure before flying. The Aerospace Medical Association published medical guidelines for air travel that provide useful information on the risks for travel with certain medical conditions.

Professional organizations have developed guidance, including template questions, that medical tourists can use when discussing what to expect with the facility providing the care, with the group facilitating the trip, and with their own domestic health care provider. For instance, the American Medical Association developed guiding principles on medical tourism for employers, insurance companies, and other entities that facilitate or incentivize medical care outside the United States ( Box 6-07 ). The American College of Surgeons (ACS) issued a similar statement on medical and surgical tourism, with the additional recommendation that travelers obtain a complete set of medical records before returning home to ensure that details of their care are available to providers in the United States, which can facilitate continuity of care and proper follow-up, if needed.

Box 6-07 American Medical Association’s guiding principles on medical tourism 1

• Employers, insurance companies, and other entities that facilitate or incentivize medical care outside the United States should adhere to the following principles:
• Receiving medical care outside the United States must be voluntary.
• Financial incentives to travel outside the United States for medical care should not inappropriately limit the diagnostic and therapeutic alternatives that are offered to patients or restrict treatment or referral options.
• Patients should only be referred for medical care to institutions that have been accredited by recognized international accrediting bodies (e.g., the Joint Commission International or the International Society for Quality in Health Care).
• Prior to travel, local follow-up care should be coordinated, and financing should be arranged to ensure continuity of care when patients return from medical care outside the United States.
• Coverage for travel outside the United States for medical care should include the costs of necessary follow-up care upon return to the United States.
• Patients should be informed of their rights and legal recourse before agreeing to travel outside the United States for medical care.
• Access to physician licensing and outcome data, as well as facility accreditation and outcomes data, should be arranged for patients seeking medical care outside the United States.
• The transfer of patient medical records to and from facilities outside the United States should be consistent with Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Action (HIPAA) guidelines.
• Patients choosing to travel outside the United States for medical care should be provided with information about the potential risks of combining surgical procedures with long flights and vacation activities.

1 American Medical Association (AMA). New AMA Guidelines on Medical Tourism . Chicago: AMA; 2008.

Reviewing the Risks

Multiple resources are available for providers and medical tourists assessing medical tourism–related risks (see Table 6-02 ). When reviewing the risks associated with seeking health care abroad, encourage medical tourists to consider several factors besides the procedure; these include the destination, the facility or facilities where the procedure and recovery will take place, and the treating provider.

Make patients aware that medical tourism websites marketing directly to travelers might not include (or make available) comprehensive details on the accreditations, certifications, or qualifications of advertised facilities or providers. Local standards for facility accreditation and provider certification vary, and might not be the same as those in the United States; some facilities and providers abroad might lack accreditation or certification. In some locations, tracking patient outcome data or maintaining formal medical record privacy or security policies are not standard practices.

Medical tourists also should be aware that the drugs and medical products and devices used in other countries might not be subject to the same regulatory scrutiny and oversight as in the United States. In addition, some drugs could be counterfeit or otherwise ineffective because the medication expired, is contaminated, or was improperly stored (for more details, see the previous chapter in this section, . . . perspectives: Avoiding Poorly Regulated Medicines & Medical Products During Travel ).

Table 6-02 Online medical tourism resources

Checking credentials.

ACS recommends that medical tourists use internationally accredited facilities and seek care from providers certified in their specialties through a process equivalent to that established by the member boards of the American Board of Medical Specialties. Advise medical tourists to do as much advance research as possible on the facility and health care provider they are considering using. Also, inform medical tourists that accreditation does not guarantee a good outcome.

Accrediting organizations (e.g., The Joint Commission International, Accreditation Association for Ambulatory Health Care) maintain listings of accredited facilities outside of the United States. Encourage prospective medical tourists to review these sources before committing to having a procedure or receiving medical care abroad.

ACS, ASPS, the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, and the International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery all accredit physicians abroad. Medical tourists should check the credentials of health care providers with search tools provided by relevant professional organizations.

Travel Health Insurance

Before travel, medical tourists should check their domestic health insurance plan carefully to understand what services, if any, are covered outside the United States. Additionally, travelers might need to purchase supplemental medical insurance coverage, including medical evacuation insurance; this is particularly important for travelers going to remote destinations or places lacking medical facilities that meet the standards found in high-income countries (see Sec. 6, Ch. 1, Travel Insurance, Travel Health Insurance & Medical Evacuation Insurance ). Medical tourists also should be aware that if complications develop, they might not have the same legal recourse as they would if they received their care in the United States.

Planning for Follow-Up Care

Medical tourists and their domestic physicians should plan for follow-up care. Patients and clinicians should establish what care will be provided abroad, and what the patient will need upon return. Medical tourists should make sure they understand what services are included as part of the cost for their procedures; some overseas facilities and providers charge substantial fees for follow-up care in addition to the base cost. Travelers also should know whether follow-up care is scheduled to occur at the same facility as the procedure.

Health care facilities in the United States should have systems in place to assess patients at admission to determine whether they have received medical care in other countries. Clinicians should obtain an explicit travel history from patients, including any medical care received abroad. Patients who have had an overnight stay in a health care facility outside the United States within 6 months of presentation should be screened for CRE. Admission screening is available free of charge through the Antibiotic Resistance Laboratory Network .

Notify state and local public health as soon as medical tourism–associated infections are identified. Returning patients often present to hospitals close to their home, and communication with public health authorities can help facilitate outbreak recognition. Health care facilities should follow all disease reporting requirements for their jurisdiction. Health care facilities also should report suspected or confirmed cases of unusual antibiotic resistance (e.g., carbapenem-resistant organisms, C. auris ) to public health authorities to facilitate testing and infection-control measures to prevent further transmission. In addition to notifying the state or local health department, contact the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention at [email protected] to report complications related to medical tourism.

The following authors contributed to the previous version of this chapter: Isaac Benowitz, Joanna Gaines

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Stoney RJ, Kozarsky PE, Walker AT, Gaines JL. Population-based surveillance of medical tourism among US residents from 11 states and territories: findings from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2022;43(7):870–5.

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Update on improving Medical Tourism in the country India ranks 10th in Medical Tourism Index (MTI) for 2020-2021 out of 46 destinations of the world Foreign Tourists Arrival on medical purpose increases from 1.83 lakh in 2020 to 3.04 lakh in 2021

India has been ranked 10 th in Medical Tourism Index (MTI) for 2020-2021 out of 46 destinations of the world by Medical Tourism Association. As per information provided by Ministry of Tourism, foreign tourist arriving in India for medical purpose are as below:

With an aim to improve medical tourism in country, Ministry of Tourism has formulated a National Strategy and Roadmap for Medical and Wellness Tourism in 2022. The strategy has identified following key pillars for the development of medical value travel in the country:

• Develop a brand for India as a wellness destination
• Strengthen the ecosystem for medical and wellness tourism
• Enable digitalization by setting up Online Medical Value Travel (MVT) Portal
• Enhancement of accessibility for Medical Value Travel
• Promoting Wellness Tourism
• Governance and Institutional Framework

Union Ministry of Health & Family Welfare is coordinating with other Ministries viz Ministry of Home Affairs, Tourism, AYUSH, External Affairs, Civil Aviation, State Governments and other stakeholders to promote Medical Value Travel (MVT) in the country. An institutional approach in coordination with other Ministries like Ministry of Tourism, AYUSH, Home Affairs, External Affairs, Civil Aviation, State Governments and other relevant stakeholders is adopted for promotion of medical value travel. Several rounds of stakeholder consultations have been conducted with line Ministries, Hospitals, MVT facilitators, Insurance Companies and National Accreditation Board for Hospitals & Healthcare Providers (NABH) to identify the challenges and opportunities in the sector.

The Union Minister of State for Health and Family Welfare, Dr. Bharati Pravin Pawar stated this in a written reply in the Rajya Sabha today.

HFW/ Update on improving medical tourism in the country /2h1 March 2023/4

• Unlocking the Potential of Medical Value Travel in India: The Importance and Key Factors of Developing a Marketing & Branding Strategy

• Team India Blogs

Medical Value Travel (MVT), also known as medical tourism, refers to the practice of traveling to a different country for medical treatment or procedures. MVT includes a wide range of medical treatments, such as elective procedures like cosmetic surgery, orthopaedics, cardiovascular, cancer treatments, organ transplants, and fertility treatments, among others. MVT combines medical treatment with travel and tourism, allowing patients to receive medical care while experiencing the culture and attractions of the host country.

The MVT industry in India is experiencing remarkable growth, presenting lucrative opportunities for private companies. As of 2020, the MVT market in India was valued at $2.89 billion, with projections indicating a substantial increase to reach $13.42 billion by 2026. This rapid expansion underscores the immense potential for enterprises to establish a strong presence within this thriving sector. Significant investments from both the Government of India and the private sector have contributed to the remarkable progress of the healthcare sector, resulting in the establishment of world-class medical facilities and infrastructure. Furthermore, as part of its efforts to position India as a premier global destination for medical and wellness tourism, the government has introduced the "Heal in India" initiative. It also plans to launch a comprehensive online MVT portal that integrates all the essential components of the ecosystem, ensuring efficient coordination and convenience for all stakeholders involved.

India offers a wide range of medical treatments, including modern and traditional medicine, making it a one-stop destination for medical needs. With the increasing availability of information and awareness about medical tourism, more and more patients are considering MVT as an option for medical treatments. 

Need for promotion & marketing strategy for MVT to India

Promoting and marketing of MVT in India are crucial for the growth and success of the sector. With increased awareness about the availability of affordable high-quality medical treatments and the power of positive word-of-mouth, India can attract more patients and drive demand. This, in turn, can help differentiate the sector from other global players and give India a competitive advantage. Additionally, promoting MVT can bring significant economic benefits to India, such as increased job creation and foreign exchange, wherein patients will pay for consultations, surgeries, diagnostic tests, medications, and other medical expenses, which are typically paid in foreign currency and this spending will directly contribute to foreign exchange inflows. To fully realize the potential of the industry, a comprehensive and effective promotion and marketing strategy is essential to communicate India’s unique value proposition. 

Factors to take into consideration for building an effective communication and branding strategy for MVT

In order to develop an effective branding strategy, companies should take the following factors can be considered to develop a strategy that can be employed to promote the uniqueness of MVT in India:

1. Understanding target audience: The first step in promoting the uniqueness of MVT is to understand the target audience. This includes identifying the demographics using criteria such as existing bilateral agreements with India, demand for quality and economical care in the country, ease of air connectivity and ease of access to medical visa, language and cultural synergies with India and the potential of Ayush and wellness treatments. A deep understanding of the target audience will help tailor the marketing message to effectively reach and engage them.

2. Developing a Unique Selling Proposition (USP): A USP is a statement that defines what makes your business unique and why customers should choose it over others. In the case of MVT, the USP could be the combination of affordability, quality of medical treatments, availability of traditional treatments, fast-track appointments, trained medical practitioners and end-to-end patient care.

3. Creating a Strong Brand Identity: Creating a strong brand identity involves developing a logo, tagline, and brand values that accurately reflect the business and its USP. This will help establish the brand in the minds of customers and differentiate it from competitors. In MVT, trust and reliability are crucial aspects, so brands can focus on advertising the patient testimonials and use an outcome driven approach to develop their brand identity.

4. Utilizing Digital Marketing: In today's digital age, digital marketing is a powerful tool to reach a large audience. This includes utilizing social media platforms, website optimization, and search engine advertising to increase visibility and attract potential patients.

5. Building Partnerships and Networking: Partnerships and networking with healthcare providers, travel companies, insurance providers, and other MVT stakeholders in the industry can help increase brand recognition and reach. Collaborating with these partners can also provide new opportunities for business growth. Participation in medical tourism conferences and events will help in building relationships with key players in the industry and can also help in showcasing the facilities and services available in India and attracting potential medical tourists. 

Organizing roadshows for MVT promotion in other countries is an effective way to attract potential medical tourists to India. By identifying target markets, building partnerships, developing marketing collateral, hosting seminars and workshops, we can boost MVT in other countries and attract more medical tourists to India.

6. Providing Exceptional Customer Service: Providing excellent customer service is critical in maintaining customer loyalty and building a positive reputation. This includes ensuring prompt responses to customer inquiries, dedicated grievance redressal mechanism, addressing any concerns in a timely manner and continuously improving the customer experience.

So, for any entity in the industry, a strong marketing and branding strategy is essential in promoting the uniqueness of MVT in India. By defining its USP, conducting market research, establishing a strong online presence, developing a strong marketing strategy, partnering with influencers, offering special deals and promotions, and continuously evaluating and refining its efforts, companies can effectively promote its unique offerings and attract a loyal customer base. With a solid marketing and branding strategy and the ‘Heal in India’ initiative from Government of India in place, the MVT industry of India can differentiate itself in the market and establish itself as a leader in the medical travel industry globally.

• https://www.arizton.com/market-reports/medical-tourism-market-size
• https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/explained-why-is-centre-promoting-medical-value-travel-a-look-at-the-billions-worthy-industry-indias-growth/article66789848.ece

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• Medical Tourism to Gurgaon

Gurgaon: The New Medical Tourism Hub of North India

Over the past decade Gurgaon along the rise of IT and manufacturing set-ups has recorded a tremendous growth in medical tourism sector. It is one of the fast growing sources of revenue for the city. Every year the number of tourist is growing at a very rapid pace. Today the city boasts several top-end hospitals providing the best healthcare, cutting-edge treatments, and for a certain few with deep enough pockets, a five-star hospital experience. Some of the top Hospitals in Gurgaon include Medanta Medicity Hospital, Fortis Hospital, MAX Healthcare, Paras Hospital, Artemis & Park Hospital.

The presence of world class hospitals and highly admirable infrastructure and facilities has given Gurgaon medical tourism it’s much needed boost. The city is located at around 20 km from Central Delhi, and is quite easily accessible by train, car, and flight. And this proximity to the airport is the very reason why medical tourism has become big in the city. It is no wonder then that the city is fast emerging as an obvious choice for medical tourist to pick Gurgaon over other cities including Delhi itself.

The cosmopolitan city of Gurgaon is well planned and has separate commercial and residential areas. It’s attracting a lot of foreign tourists owing to the many medical tourism facilities that it offers. The availability of space and infrastructure is one of the main reasons behind the development of Healthcare tourism in Gurgaon. Apart from the various world class hospitals, the city also offers many serviced apartments and budget hotels where the tourists can stay for follow ups or long term treatments.

The rise of serviced apartment is one of the major reasons for medical tourist to opt for Gurgaon. The patients and their family can stay together under the same roof with complete privacy and comfort, and they can cook as per their own requirement. Some of our serviced apartment are particularly designed keeping medical tourism in mind with high focus on hygiene, and provide every facility related to the same – including private Kitchens for guests to cook food as per their dietary needs and access facilities for disabled guests . It gets very convenient for the families to travel and support the patient at very affordable prices. Some of the serviced residences also provide cab facility for the convenience of the tourist, which is additional benefit.

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Dental tourism, because Medicare doesn’t cover for dental treatment

C. Everett Koop, known for his tenure as U.S. surgeon general during the Reagan administration, was renowned for his pediatric surgery and attention to the HIV-AIDS crisis. He’d often say: “You are not healthy without good oral health.” He emphasized the significance of oral health, stating that it’s integral to overall health. However, despite his efforts, many Americans still lack basic dental care due to many reasons including the lack of dental coverage.

Traditional Medicare doesn’t cover dental services for most beneficiaries, leaving around 24 million seniors without assistance for dental expenses. Dental care is a must and fortunately options like traveling abroad for dental care has become popular and is affordable. Many have found an amazing niche of top quality dental care at reasonable prices in clinics like Prisma Dental in Costa Rica.

Medical exceptions

When Medicare was established in 1965, dental services were largely excluded due to cost concerns and opposition from dental associations. Initially, the Biden administration considered including comprehensive dental coverage in the Build Back Better legislation, but it faced challenges in Congress and was ultimately removed from the bill passed by the House in 2021. This was partly due to cost worries and resistance from dental groups regarding reimbursement rates.

In 2022, after the broader legislative package was blocked in the Senate, limited dental coverage for medically necessary treatments was added for Medicare beneficiaries. However, the eligibility criteria are narrow, mainly covering cases like organ transplant patients or those undergoing cancer treatments involving jaw radiation.

Despite these changes, there’s a belief that dental care is essential for everyone, particularly older individuals.

Medicare coverage

Many employed Americans have limited dental coverage, often capped at around $1,000 annually, which they lose upon retirement. Recognizing the critical link between oral health and overall well-being, there’s a call for Medicare to include basic dental services. In the US $1,000 will not cover extensive dental treatment, maybe a single crown, filling or cleaning but not root canals, dental implants or even removable dentures.

Oral health is vital for essential functions like eating and speaking, as well as for psychological well-being. Untreated dental issues can lead to infections, hospitalizations, and even death, yet access to routine dental care is lacking for many Americans. Disparities exist, with wealthy Medicare recipients receiving more dental care than those with low incomes, highlighting the need for equitable access to dental services for all seniors.

In 2016, only a small fraction of traditional Medicare beneficiaries had purchased standalone dental plans, while a majority of Medicare Advantage enrollees had some dental benefits, though coverage varied widely. The absence of dental coverage in Medicare has significant financial implications, with 1 in 5 beneficiaries spending at least $1,000 annually on dental care, a burden particularly felt by those with limited disposable income.

A decent alternative to Medicare

Dental tourism can benefit Americans with limited coverage of dental services through Medicare by providing access to more affordable dental care in other countries. Many countries offer high-quality dental services at significantly lower costs compared to the United States. By traveling abroad for dental treatment, Americans can save money on procedures such as implants, crowns, and other extensive dental work.

Additionally, dental tourism allows patients to access treatments that may not be covered by their Medicare plans or that have high out-of-pocket costs. This can include cosmetic procedures or specialized treatments that are not deemed medically necessary under Medicare guidelines.

Prisma Dental is a well-established dental clinic in Costa Rica, offering local and international patients all dental treatments are reasonable prices. From basic dental procedures to more complex and extensive dental work like full mouth restorations, All-on-6 and dental implants. A $1,000 in dental tourism treatment will cover more dental treatment than 3 years of basic Medicare dental coverage with the advantage of being treatment in a high-end, top quality dental clinic.

Dr. Koop’s emphasis on the importance of oral health appears prescient, as it’s evident that good oral health is integral to overall well-being. Adding basic dental benefits to Medicare could improve the quality of life for many older Americans and potentially decrease overall healthcare costs. It’ll be years or maybe decades until legislative changes are done to improve oral health concern. Fortunately, there’s alternatives like Prisma Dental for Americans dental care overseas.

For more information on Prisma Dental Clinic and their team of doctors, visit their website prismadental.com

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