health tourism in italy

Healthcare in Italy: the 2020s guide for expats and travelers

• Written on:
• January 14, 2020

How does healthcare in Italy work? Is it free? How do I use my Tessera Sanitaria ? Stressed out already? We’ve picked the most confusing points in an attempt to guide you through the Italian Healthcare System.

Is healthcare free in Italy?

Healthcare in Italy is not free, but the fees are usually quite reasonable and Emergency Medical Assistance is provided to anyone in need, regardless of their nationality, without asking for upfront payment.

Healthcare in Italy is provided to anyone with a mixed Public and Private system. Italian law recognizes health as a fundamental right of every person and anyone present in Italy is entitled to a form of healthcare (a concept known as “ Universal Health Care “).

The average level of medical care is quite high compared to international standards (Italian healthcare system ranked 2nd best in terms of performance in the World according to the  World Health Organization’s report ), and Italian doctors are usually highly qualified. Life expectancy in Italy is among the highest in the OECD group of countries (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). See the  2019 OECD report  about healthcare in Italy.

Italy has universal healthcare coverage, but only some services are completely free

Most services demand a cost-sharing and many are provided at the patient’s full expense. 

The co-pay fee is called “Ticket” and it is applied to some emergency room visits, specialist consultations, diagnostic procedures and lab analyses. 

The amount of the co-pay is different from region to region and it depends on the type of services required and on the patient’s status (there are forms of exemption –  esenzione  in Italian –  for low income and serious illnesses). 

The amount of the co-pay is different from region to region and it depends on the type of services required and on the patient’s status Tweet

Public healthcare in Italy

The Italian National Healthcare Service ( SSN  –  Servizio Sanitario Nazionale ) is the Public, tax-funded medical assistance, organized and regulated by the Ministry of Health and administered through regional authorities. To access the Italian National Healthcare Service you must hold a valid  Tessera   Sanitaria  (Italian Health Insurance Card) or the equivalent from another EU country (the EHIC card – European Health Insurance Card).

Foreign citizens with regular stay permit are fully entitled to the same rights and treatment as any Italian citizen.

Public healthcare is provided through regional health units called ASL ( Azienda Sanitaria Locale – Local Health Authority ) and Public Hospitals. In Rome, for example, there are six Public Hospitals, and more than 50 ASL offices. 

The ASL is an administrative organization, which manages a set of public clinics and medical services (e.g. vaccination centers, public walk-in clinics, labs for analyses and imaging, etc.).

Public medical assistance includes a network of primary care physicians and pediatricians . 

You will be asked to choose your public Primary Care Doctor (called  medico di base , your personal doctor). Once registered with your public doctor, you are entitled to free consultations, referrals and prescription refills with this doctor, within his or her office hours. Make sure to choose a doctor who has convenient office hours, especially if you have difficulty leaving work to see the doctor.

Foreign citizens with regular stay permit are fully entitled to the same rights and treatment as any Italian citizen. Tweet

Private healthcare in Italy

Private healthcare in Italy, as in other countries, is provided at a fee. In most cases you will be required to pay upfront for the services, installment payment options are usually available for larger sums (e.g. for hospitalisation or elective surgery). As a large percentage of Italians rely on Public Healthcare, Private medical services are rarely overcrowded and usually provide a more comfortable experience and a better customer care.

Medical fees in Italy are usually very reasonable, compared to other countries with similar cost of living.

Private hospitals in Italy often operate also in agreement with the Italian National Healthcare Service. When they do, they are in the category called  Privato Convenzionato  (Private with agreement). This means they can also be accessed with the Italian Health Insurance Card ( Tessera Sanitaria ), under certain conditions. If they have an Emergency Room ( Pronto Soccorso ) it is certainly accessible through Public Healthcare.

If you wish to access services at a Private clinic using your  Tessera Sanitaria , you need to communicate this in advance, as there are dedicated slots for Public Healthcare. If you fail to communicate it in advance, you will be required to pay as a private patient.

Medical fees in Italy are usually very reasonable, compared to other countries with similar cost of living. Tweet

What can I do with the Italian health insurance card (Tessera Sanitaria)?

When you get your  Tessera Sanitaria (Italian Health Insurance Card)  you are officially entitled to the same rights and duties regarding healthcare as Italian citizens. For example you can:

• Choose your Public Primary Care Physician or a Pediatrician for your children (<14 y.o.)
• Get vaccinations
• See a specialist doctor (e.g. a gynecologist , a cardiologist , etc)
• Have lab tests and diagnostics (ultrasound, X-ray, etc)
• Get prescriptions for medications
• Be admitted to a Hospital
• See a dentist at a public facility

I'm a European citizen traveling to Italy. Do I get free medical assistance?

As a EU Citizen or permanent resident, you should have your EHIC ( European Health Insurance Card ). The EHIC card gives you access to Healthcare in Italy as if you were an Italian resident. 

You will have free access to Public Primary Care Physicians, Emergency Rooms (for emergency only!) and discounted access to specialists and diagnostic procedures, if prescribed by a Doctor within the Italian Healthcare National Service (SSN – Servizio Sanitario Nazionale).

The EHIC card won’t cover you if you wish to access private clinics and doctors, so you may want to purchase a private travel or medical insurance as well. Tweet

With the EHIC card , you have access to the same benefits of an Italian citizen holding the local Italian Health Insurance Card ( Tessera Sanitaria ) so everything you find in this article in relation to how to use the  Tessera Sanitaria  applies to you as well.

So what is free in the Italian National Healthcare Service?

Consultations with your public Primary Care Physician (M edico di base ) and with the pediatrician (P ediatra di libera scelta ) are free. Hospital admission is free if you are admitted for a necessary procedure. If you want to have an elective procedure (for example a preventive check up), this would not be free.

Some specialist consultations, lab analyses, and diagnostic procedures are free, but only if prescribed by your public Primary Care Physician ( medico di base ). 

You can book them with a so called “Red prescription” (in Italian “Ricetta Rossa” – also called  impegnativa  – it is the official document that shows you are doing a procedure within the Italian National Healthcare Service).

Also some medicines are free (usually the ones related to serious illness or life threatening conditions) while for others you can get a discounted fee if you have a red prescription from your public Primary Care Physician ( medico di base ).

Some specialist consultations, lab analyses, and diagnostic procedures are free, but only if prescribed by your public Primary Care Physician (medico di base). Tweet

Limits of public healthcare in Italy

As with all things free, there is a flip side of the coin. To avoid being disappointed, keep in mind that:

• Your primary care physician – self-employed, though under NHS – will be available to see you only in pre-set office hours, different for each doctor. House calls will be provided very rarely, only in case of objective need.
• The doctor’s office may be crowded and appointments are generally not available (patients are seen in order of arrival). If the office is too full, you may need to go back another day.
• Most general practitioners working as Italian National Healthcare Service doctors do not speak English, so you might not be able to communicate effectively if you don’t learn Italian.
• Hospitals are big and can be very confusing, you are likely to end up wandering around looking for the right desk or waiting for a while, even if you have an appointment.
• If you need to do a diagnostic procedure for something not urgent, or to see a specialist through the Italian National Healthcare Service (SSN – Servizio Sanitario Nazionale), you may end up waiting weeks, or even months before there is an available date.
• You cannot choose your doctor, when being referred to see a specialist. You will be seen by whoever is available at the time of your appointment, within the requested specialty.

How do I see a public primary care physician in Italy?

If you are registered with the Italian National Healthcare Service (SSN – Servizio Sanitario Nazionale), you have also selected your public General Practitioner ( medico di base ), the doctor who is in charge of your health. You can go visit this physician within the official working hours he or she has declared. You can also call to request a house visit , if you cannot get out of bed.

I need to see a doctor when my primary care physician is not available

On Saturdays, Sundays, and during the night (from 8pm to 8 am) every day, or if you are in a different city and cannot see your personal doctor, you can find primary care assistance at a Healthcare Assistance Continuity Center near you ( usually known as  Servizio di continuità  assistenziale in Italian)  where you will be seen by an NHS doctor who can help you with prescriptions and refills , medical consultations and dressing of minor wounds. This may have a fee, depending on local and regional rules. This public centers are available also for phone consultations, though the staff may not speak English. 

Do they have urgent cares in Italy?

Urgent care walk-in clinics are not common in Italy as everyone has a designated primary care physician that they can visit the same day. Doctors at urgent care centers always change shifts so it’s not easy to find an available English-speaking doctor. 

Healthcare in Italy for tourists

During the summer, in the areas with high tourist flow, a Doctor on Duty service for tourists is activated.  For organizational reasons, this service requires the payment of the visit by all tourists. The fee can be different in every Region. 

If you prefer a private alternative or to see an English speaking doctor, it would be better to book an appointment at a private medical center dedicated to English speaking patients, or to find a private walk-in clinic clearly offering services in English. In this case you would have to pay a fee, probably higher than the one you would pay for the Doctor on Duty service. The invoice given to you after the consultation can be used to claim for refund with your private medical insurance provider.

How can I see a private doctor?

To see a Private doctor, regardless of your nationality, you can contact a private medical center to book an appointment, to learn about walk-in hours or to request a specialist. Some services are more prepared to assist English speaking patients, a good way to know is to check if the staff who answers the phone speaks English. Private doctor fees should be the same for Italian and foreign patients (if they are different beware of a possible scam!). Your travel insurance or medical insurance is likely to cover the cost of your consultation, especially if you get sick or injured during your time in Italy. 

One of the fastest way to find an English-speaking physician in Italy is to use Doctors in Italy , a network of the best Italian health care professionals carefully selected for their international background. The mission of Doctors in Italy is to remove the pain points from finding a health professional while visiting or living in Italy. Trusted by diplomatic delegations and international organizations, Doctors in Italy’s network is rapidly growing and includes only the best hospitals and doctors across the country. 

Online consultations

Virtual care is a great alternative for addressing any urgent or time-sensitive health questions.

There are probably times when you’re pretty sure you know what’s going on (that burning sensation when you pee has to be a UTI ) but if you’re far from your doctor and don’t speak the local language, this can be a hassle. 

With DoctorsinItaly you can see a primary care physician or a medical specialist on-demand, licensed in Italy guaranteed to speak English. This means that the doctor is authorized to prescribe medication in Italy (that would not be possible with services offered by non-Italian doctors who are not authorized to practice in Italy). 

Video visits have a much lower cost than an office visit, can be arranged in minutes and provide the patients with a prescription that can be filled at any pharmacy, anywhere in Italy. 

Can pharmacists prescribe in Italy?

No, only medical doctors licensed and authorized to practice in Italy can prescribe medication in Italy. Pharmacists dispense medicinal products by prescription from a licensed medical provider or can recommend over the counter medication. 

How to get antibiotics in Italy?

You need a medical prescription issued by a doctor who is licensed in Italy. Pharmacists cannot dispense antibiotics without a valid medical prescription. This rule is necessary for preventing the abuse of antimicrobial usage and the development of antibiotic resistance.

You can see a doctor and get a prescription in minutes using our online Urgent Care service .

Can you get antibiotics over the counter in Italy?

No. Pharmacists are not allowed to dispense antibiotics without a valid medical prescription issued by a doctor licensed in Italy. 

How do I get a prescription filled in Italy?

If you have a valid medical prescription issued by a doctor licensed in Italy either after an in-person or a telemedicine appointment, you can fill it at any pharmacy across Italy. 

Can I get a prescription filled in another country?

In theory a medical prescription issued in a EU country must be recognised in all other EU countries (Article 11 of Directive 2011/24/EU of 9 March 2011). In practice the pharmacist very often refuse to dispense the medication. The easiest way to proceed is to ask a local doctor to re-issue the prescription. 

How much does a prescription cost in Italy?

You cannot “buy” a prescription. You can have a consultation with a doctor who can issue a prescription for a medication you need. If you use DoctorsinItaly you can easily get it done through a video consultation at a very affordable fee (usually around 20 EUR). Please consider that controlled substances cannot be prescribed via video consultation. 

I need to see a specialist doctor

For specialist consultations, many Italians rely on private medical centers for increased comfort, closer doctor-patient relationship, more flexibility in scheduling options and faster access to medical assistance.

Consultations with a specialist prescribed by primary care physicians of the National Healthcare in Italy (like your “ medico di base”, a primary care physician  who is part of the Italian NHS or by other doctors you see within the NHS), can be arranged at either Public Healthcare Centres or at the ones that are private with NHS agreement (which is called  Privato Convenzionato ). These services are subject to co-payment (called Ticket), which is non-refundable.

If you are looking for the least expensive option  you can either go to an Emergency Department (if it is something very serious and urgent) or you can book an appointment at a public hospital (if it is not urgent). 

If you go to the Emergency Room for a non-urgent need, you are likely to end up waiting a long time, paying the Ticket, and simply being referred for a consultation with a specialist, without seeing one. 

Moreover you would be increasing the workload of a fragile system, often on the verge of collapse. The co-pay for non-emergency cases is intended as a means to avoid patients overcrowding the ER, limiting access to those who really need emergency assistance.

To see a specialist (e.g. an obgyn, a dermatologist, a cardiologist) through the Italian NHS you need first to see your public Primary Care Physician to get a referral in the form of a red prescription (ricetta rossa). Tweet

If you really need to see the specialist soon, your family doctor can request an urgent appointment in the prescription (within 10 days or within 30 days), which will give you access to an earlier available slot saved for urgent needs.

Once you have the red prescription, you can book your appointment online (in some regions, for Lazio  family doctor ) or by calling the regional CUP ( Centro Unico di Prenotazione Regionale  – regional central booking office – 803333 for Lazio). You can also call directly a Hospital at their CUP phone number. You will need an Italian friend to help you book the appointment: there is no translation or English-speaking operator. Remember that you cannot choose your doctor, the earliest publicly available appointment will be assigned to you by the operator.

Make sure to go well ahead of the appointment, especially if it is your first time, as it can be quite hard to locate the correct ward, complete the administrative procedures, pay the  Ticket  (the co-pay fee) and find the right waiting area.

Where can I go if I need blood tests, x-ray, or other diagnostic procedure?

The process is similar to seeing a specialist. You can choose between:

• A Public Hospital or Clinic (with your  ricetta rossa , prepared by your public Primary Care Doctor)
• A Private Hospital, Clinic or Lab with NHS Agreement (also with  ricetta rossa  and specifying you need the procedure as Italian National Healthcare Service patient –  paziente  SSN ) – if you don’t specify in advance you will be required to pay as Private patient
• A Private Medical Center, Clinic or Lab where you can have this procedure (ask if they have the test or diagnostic procedure you need).

Keep in mind that public clinics and hospitals do not send results over email, so if you do lab analyses you will need to go back in person to collect the results.

Public labs and hospitals do not send results over email, so if you do lab analyses you will need to go back in person to collect the results. Tweet

What do I do if I need emergency medical assistance or if I have an accident?

Emergency medical assistance in Italy is provided to everyone, without asking for upfront payment or insurance information. If you are in a medical emergency, you can take a taxi and walk-in to the closest  Pronto Soccorso  (Emergency Room).

For emergency assistance you can also use European Emergency number ,   call   112  (no country code needed). The emergency medical assistance number 118 will ask questions about the patient’s conditions, address, phone number to reach you. If the patient needs urgent access to an ER, they will send an ambulance or a helicopter.

The service is provided at no charge, but of course only for serious medical conditions requiring emergency response. The ambulance will take you to an Emergency Room where you will be evaluated and treated as soon as possible.

Patients accessing the ER are not seen in order of arrival but based on the urgency of their need, assessed through a standard evaluation process called  triage  which assigns them a color code

Alternatives to the Emergency Room for minor ailments .

If you go to the ER for non-emergency needs, you will be required to pay the ticket and you are very likely to end up waiting a long time as all emergency patients will be assisted before you. Tweet

Hospital assistance and admission, if required, is free of charge if you have the EHIC card or the Italian Health Insurance Card (Tessera Sanitaria). 

If you don’t, the fees are still very reasonable, and if you keep the receipts you may be reimbursed by your private medical insurance provider.

If you want a private room and more comfort, you can request it at a charge. You can also be transferred to a Private Hospital of your choice by arranging admission. You will get the quotation in advance, so you can choose if you wish to be transferred.

The qualifications of doctors at public and private hospitals are the same, the difference would be in comfort, access to English Speaking staff in selected clinics, the possibility to choose your doctor, and in some cases a shorter waiting time for a surgery (for non life threatening orthopedic surgery , for example).

Will any doctor accept my tessera sanitaria?

The answer is No.

Your Italian Health Insurance Card ( Tessera Sanitaria)  will work only with your Public Primary Care Physician, who is your go-to doctor, and the doctors at the public clinics called “ servizio di continuità assistenziale ” dedicated to patients who are not in their current city of residence (or with urgent needs that cannot wait for the doctor’s working hours). If you have the EHIC card and are not registered with any specific public Primary Care Physician, you can go to any Public Primary Care Doctor for medical assistance.

Can I get a prescription refill? And are medications free with tessera sanitaria?

If you find yourself traveling in Italy and have misplaced or depleted your medication supply, worry not. Acquiring a prescription refill is a straightforward process. Through the 24/7 online Rx service of Doctors in Italy, by presenting your home doctor’s report or a recent prescription, you can effortlessly secure your prescription refill online. However, when it comes to controlled substances, an in-person appointment with a local doctor will always be required. If you have the EHIC, your National Healthcare Service Primary Care Physician can give you a free prescription refill if you need it. As for the cost of medicines, in Italy they are rarely very expensive in general. With the printed prescription given to you by a National Healthcare Service Doctor (if you have a EHIC) some medicines are free (usually the ones related to serious illness or life threatening conditions) while for others you can get a discounted fee.

I'm from Australia and I need medical assistance, do I need to pay?

The reciprocal agreement between your country of origin and Italy allows you to access Public Healthcare in Italy at no fee or at a lower fee, without registering to the NHS, under certain conditions:

• It needs to be essential medical care that can’t wait till you get home
• You need to go through the National Healthcare Service, Private medical centers are not covered
• It is valid only for 6 months from your arrival

The agreement covers medical care if admitted to a hospital and for outpatient treatment, but only at Public Hospitals, Public Primary Care Physicians and Public Outpatient Clinics.

Coverage may vary from country to country,   check here  if your country of origin has reciprocal healthcare agreement with Italy and what is covered.

People also ask:

How do i register to the italian national healthcare service, how do i get a codice fiscale, what are my options for health insurance as a student in italy, where can i find the closest hospital, where is the asl office close to me, doctorsinitaly team.

This article was written, curated, and updated by the DoctorsinItaly team, as part of our efforts to share relevant and current information on health and wellness related topics, as well as on life as an expat or traveler in Italy.

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• Medical Tourism

Medical Tourism to Italy

Italy is undoubtedly one of the most iconic destinations in Europe – from its rich culture and history, and of course, the food; the Mediterranean country boasts impressive sights, sounds, and experiences for both locals and visitors alike.  [1] Italian doctors are also known for being highly qualified, adding to the overall level of healthcare provided in the country. [2]

In December 1978, Italy created a national, universal health-care system, called the Servizio Sanitario Nazionale, or simply SSN. The SSN automatically covers all Italian citizens and legal foreign residents. It provides a full range of healthcare services with a free choice of providers.  [3]

Italy’s average level of medical care is high in comparison to internal standards. According to the World Health Organization, the Italian healthcare system has ranked 2nd best in terms of worldwide performance, and Italian doctors are typically highly qualified.  [1]

Italy's Healthcare System

In the 2000s, WHO recognized Italy as the second in the world in terms of accessibility and medical care efficiency.  [4]

Each region is responsible for organization and delivery of health services through local health units and via public and accredited private hospitals.  [4]

Public and Private Healthcare

The number of public hospitals and private hospitals accredited with the national health service (Servizio Sanitario Nazionale - SSN) in Italy was equal to 1,048 in 2020. According to the figures, 570 of these hospitals were completely public, while 478 were private hospitals accredited with the Italian NHS.  [5]

Private medical facilities in Italy are in excellent condition. While the comfort and quality of service at private hospitals are typically superior to state facilities, the quality of care is likely to be similar. It is also important to note that some treatments at private medical facilities in the country can be costly without the support of private health insurance.  [6]

Health Insurance in Italy

EU citizens can use their European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) to access state healthcare during a short-term visit. UK citizens can make use of their Global Health Insurance Card (GHIC), which replaced the EHIC for UK citizens post-Brexit.  [7]

JCI Accredited Hospitals/Clinics – Italy

Top Hospitals for Foreign Patients in Italy

There are six popular hospitals in Italy are public hospital and 4 hospitals are private hospitals.  [9]

Common Procedures done by Medical Tourists in Italy

·         Cosmetic Surgery  [10]

·         Hair Transplant  [10]

·         Bariatric Procedures  [11]

·         Dental Care   [11]

Cost of Medical Treatment in Italy

Malpractice and Liability Laws in Italy

Misdiagnosis:

Today Italian laws have introduced, both for doctors and medical facilities, a sort of compulsory insurance, which is aimed at compensating damages in case of medical malpractice: as a result, in case of misdiagnosis patients can bring legal proceedings directly against the insurance company, thus having the chance to get compensation faster.  [13]

Before taking action for compensation, anyway, it is always recommended to have a medical forensic examination conducted, so as to ascertain the causal link between medical malpractice and damage suffered. Thereafter, once the causal link is as certained, an attempt at conciliation must be carried out.  [13]

Compensation for the damage suffered must be claimed within 10 years in case of a civil action. Otherwise, compensation must be claimed within 3 months of becoming aware of the unlawful action, that is within three months of becoming aware that a pathology was determined by misdiagnosis or medical error.  [13]

ü      Affordable Prices

Seeking medical care with the public system is very affordable—most procedures and appointments are free-of-charge or subject to a small fee.  [14]

ü    High Numbers of Staff

The number of doctors per 1000 in habitants is higher than the European average for doctors in Italy when it comes to medical and paramedical personnel.  [15]

ü    Highly Skilled Professionals

Medical staff and professionals in Italy are highly skilled and trained.  [14]

ü    High Qualified Health System

According to a study on the effectiveness of health systems, the Italian health system is among the most efficient, despite some short comings, which are also linked to the Decimation of public spending on health.  [15], 

ü Wide Range of Medical Specialties

Italy has a strong tradition of medical research and innovation, and offers a wide range of medical specialties and treatments. Patients can find specialized care in areas such as orthopedics, cardiology, neurology, and oncology. [16]

ü  Access to Advanced Technology and Techniques

Italy is home to many cutting-edge medical facilities and research centers, which can offer access to the latest medical technology and treatment techniques. [16]

ü Good Service Culture

Italy has a culture of hospitality, and this extends to its healthcare industry. Patients can expect friendly and helpful service from medical staff. [16]

ü Great Tourism Infrastructure

Italy is a popular tourist destination, with a rich cultural heritage and beautiful scenery. Patients can enjoy the country's many attractions and experiences while receiving medical treatment. [16]

û    Language

You may have difficulty finding medical professionals in the public healthcare system who speak English or another language other than Italian. It’s not as easy to find English-speaking medical staff unless you’re in larger  cities or go private .  [17]

û    Appointment Hours

Even if you have an appointment at a hospital, you may still have to wait.  [17]

û    Long Waiting List in State Hospitals

Seeing a specialist in Italy may take months   in state hospitals, which can delay both diagnosis and treatments .  [17]  

û    Digitalization of the Healthcare System

They are behind in the digitalization of the health system. (it is hoped that support will be provided for electronic health file, telemedicine, electronic prescription).  [15]

û    Limited Insurance Coverage

Patients may find that their insurance coverage does not extend to medical treatment received in Italy, which could lead to high out-of-pocket costs. [16]

û    Lengthy Travel Time

For those traveling from outside Europe, the lengthy travel time could be a drawback, especially for patients requiring immediate medical attention. [16]

Traveling to Italy

The majority of these arrivals are mainly Arabs, Swiss, Russians and Albanians who are mostly treated for neurology, cardiac surgery, oncology, bariatric surgery, and orthopaedics departments.  [18]

Average estimated travel time in hours and kilometres:  [19]

Traveling by Train:

Traveling by train from the city of Rome in Italy to the city of Amsterdam in the Netherlands, the main route passes through France or Germany. For example, from Venice/Milan (Italy) to Paris (France). Or from Rome/Milan/Venice (Italy) to Munich (Germany).  [20]

There are two main routes:  [21]

        1. Roma (Italy)- Munich (Germany) - Amsterdam (Netherlands)  [20]

        2.Roma (Italy) - Milan (Italy) - Paris (France) - Amsterdam (Netherlands)  [20]

Entry and Exit Requirements to Italy

European Countries:

All EU /EEA nationals will only need to present an identification document to enter Italy due to the common travel area of the Schengen Zone, part of which Italy is.  [21]

In the meantime, if you are a non-EU/EEA traveller wishing to visit Italy, San Marino or the Vatican, you will need to present the following at the Italian port of entry in order to be permitted to enter:  [21]

·       A valid passport or travel document. Valid for at least three more months beyond their planned date of Exit from Schengen and issued within the last ten years.  [21]

·         A visa –if they are subject to the Italian visa regime.  [21]

·         Proof of sufficient financial means for the period of stay in Italy. The Italian authorities want you to prove you have the necessary financial means to support yourself throughout your stay in Italy. You will need to prove you have the following amount depending on the length of your stay.  [21]

·         Up to 5 days – The overall amount is 269.60€ per person and 212.81 per two and more persons.  [21]

·         6-10 days– The daily amount is 44.93€ per person and 26.33€ per two and more persons.  [21]

·       11-20 days – The overall amount is 51.64€ per person and 25.82€ per two and more persons, plus the daily amount is 36.67€ per person and 22.21€ per two and more persons.  [21]

·       Over 20days – The overall amount is 206.58€ per person and 118.79€ per two and more persons, plus the daily amount is 27.89€ per person and 17.04€ per two and more persons.  [21]

Middle East Countries:

An Italian transit visa allows the holder to change their travel vessel in an Italian port in order to continue onward travels to a non-Schengen country.  [22]

If you need to change airplanes in an Italian airport, depending on your country, you may need to apply for an Italian Airport Transit Visa, also known as an A-visa.  [22]

You need an Airport Transit Visa (ATV) for Italy if you are a national of the following countries:  [22]

Asian Countries:

Generally, you will not need a visa to travel to Italy for a period of up to 90 days. Citizens of Australia, New Zealand, USA, Canada, Japan and many other countries can spend 90 days within a 180-day period in the wider Schengen area, including Italy and other countries in the EU.  [23]

Citizens of many other nationalities, including China, South Africa and Russia do need to apply for and obtain a Schengen visa before travelling to Italy and the EU.  [23]

You can travel to countries in the Schengen area for up to 90 days in any 180-day period without a visa. This applies if you travel as a tourist, to visit family or friends, to attend business meetings, cultural or sports events, or for short-term studies or training.  [23]

If you are travelling to Italy and other Schengen countries without a visa, make sure your whole visit is within the 90-day limit. Visits to Schengen countries within the previous 180 days before you travel count towards your 90 days.  [23]

Americans must have an entrance visa which should be obtained at an Italian consulate before coming to Italy, in order to remain in Italy more than three months and gain resident status. This procedure will take several weeks to complete so it is advisable to apply well in advance of the departure date. The visa will be granted only for the time indicated on the application. Americans already in Italy without a visa will have to leave Italy to obtain one before they will be able to gain resident status.  [24]

From Canada:

ETHICS is a new travel authorisation for the Schengen Area. It will be an entry requirement for Canadian tourists and other short-stay visitors travelling to Italy.  [25]

ETIAS is linked to the traveller’s passport and verified at an external Schengen border. The same ETIAS is valid to travel to Italy and other countries in the Schengen zone.  [25]

ETIAS is not a visa. It is a travel authorisation similar to the ESTA for the United States. Canadians can continue travelling to Italy short-term without a visa, but they will need to register for ETIAS.  [25]

From Australia:

Australians don't need a visa to travel to countries in the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in any 180-day period. Your reason for travel must be for one or more of the reasons below:  [26]

·         Business Purposes

·         Visitin g Friends and Family

·         Tourism and Holidays

·         Official Visit

·         Medical Reasons

·         Short-Term Study and Research Purposes

Insights About Italy for Medical Tourists

Recently, Italian hospitals have won the gold seal of quality in the European ranking of hospitals which is awarded by the prestigious Joint Commission International. This commission certifies adherence to 368 safety and standards and quality of care.  [27]

A study estimates that worldwide every year 7 million people take a trip for health reasons. Today, Italy represents 17% of the medical tourism in Europe.  [27]

In 2019, the Italian Ministry of Health reported that 745,000 foreign patients were treated in Italian hospitals. [28]

According to the Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), approximately 4 million medical tourists visited Italy in 2019, with the majority of visitors coming from other European countries.  [28]

Information Sources:

[1]   Travellers Guide to Healthcare in Italy

[2]   https://www.esteri.it/en/          

[3]  Italian Healthcare System: Healthcare System in Italy - Servizio Sanitario Nazionale

[4]   State of Health in the EU: Italy –Country Health Profile 2021    

[5]  Number of public hospitals and private hospitals accredited with the NHS in Italy in 2020

[6]   Travelers Guide to Healthcare in Italy

[7]  Healthcare in Italy

[8]   JCI Accredited Organisations(Italy) 

[9]   Newsweek - World's Best Hospitals 2022 (Italy)

[10]  Medical Tourism in Italy

[11]   Italy: Culture, Cuisine and Quality Care

[12]  Common Treatment Costs – Italy

[13]   Italy: Compensation For Medical Mistake in Italy: What To Do?

[14]   Health Insurance and Healthcare in Italy Explained

[15]  La sanità in Italia a confronto con quella deglialtri Stati Europei (Healthcare in Italy Compared with that of Other European Countries)

[16]   "The Pros and Cons of Medical Tourism." U.S. News & World Report, 22 Nov. 2019

[17]   Health Insurance and Healthcare in Italy Explained

[18]   Health tourism in Italy has a Positive Outlook

[19]   How long does it take to get from A to B by plane?

[20]  Rome to Amsterdam by train

[21]  Italy Visa Application and Entry Requirements

[22]  Countries whose Nationals are Subject to the Requirement of an Airport Transit Visa

[23]   Do you need a visa for Italy?

[24]   Visiting/Living in Italy

[25]  Entering Italy from Canada with ETIAS

[26]   Visas and entry requirements in Europe and the Schengen Area

[27]   Health tourism in Italy has a positive outlook

[28]   https://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/419464/Country-Health-Profile-2019-Italy.pdf

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Medical Tourism in Italy

Italy has many things to offer if you give it a try.

You will enjoy delicious cuisine, amazing wines, and numerous sights.

It is not for nothing that Italy has become one of the world’s main centers of fashion and style.

The country can boast of fantastic and super-expensive sports cars.

It is the birthplace of the most famous masterpieces of art and incredible landscapes, so the chances are high you fall in love with it at first sight.

However, the list of its advantages is much longer, and stunning nature is not the only reason you should go there.

Thus, the Italian health care system meets high European standards, and if you have any health issues, you can solve them there.

In the 2000s, WHO recognized it as the second in the world in terms of accessibility and medical care efficiency.

So, you can kill two birds with one stone, combining a great vacation with treatment.

If you are overwhelmed with healthcare essay writing and some other tricky assignments, an optimal solution is to search for outside help to get rid of the academic burden.

What Services Do People Want to Get There?

Private or public hospital, what diseases do they treat, treatment costs, italy safety overview.

In most cases, people go to Italy to get qualified help in private clinics.

They are attracted by comfortable five-starts accommodations and high-quality services provided.

Besides, many try to combine visits to hospitals with a pleasant pastime on numerous recreation spots.

Dental services, plastic, elective surgery, hair transplant, and reproductive technology are in great demand.

Wellness tourism in Italy also gains its momentum thanks to numerous SPA and Thalassa resorts on mineral and sea waters and a wonderful Mediterranean climate, contributing to healing and rehabilitation.

Thus, the proximity of the Italian thermal resorts to the largest cultural and historical centers and the excellent tourist infrastructure makes Italy an iconic option for modern medical tourism.

You can seek help from renowned hospitals such as the Rome American Hospital or the Milan Clinic, staffed with English-speaking personnel.

Medical tourists point out that in Italy, public and private hospitals are two big differences.

The best hospitals are concentrated in the northern and central parts of Italy.

Some of them have an excellent international reputation.

The Roman Catholic Church runs private hospitals that are an excellent alternative to public hospitals for wealthy people.

Usually, private hospitals specialize in a certain medicine area, while multidisciplinary private clinics are less common.

The choice always depends on a bank account.

Thus, if I cannot afford such a trifle as to order an assignment, it is obvious that I can hardly afford a private clinic.

And if I require a specific doctor in a public hospital and want to shorten the waiting time, I will have to pay for it.

They have recently adopted a restriction that prohibits private doctors from performing surgeries in public hospitals.

Most foreigners go to Italy to deal with cancer and heart disease.

And it is not surprising since the state is famous for its achievements in these areas.

About 40 such medical institutions are located in such large cities as Milan, Rome, Palermo , and Naples .

The most popular is the European Institute of Oncology in Milan and the Villa Stuart clinic in Rome.

In addition to treatment, every clinic in Italy is also famous for its comprehensive check-up diagnostic examinations.

All Italian medical institutions are equipped with the latest technologies of Italian and world production.

It allows you to give the most accurate and true results, which will become the basis for the right treatment.

You can check for any diseases in the special departments of the Villa Stuart clinic, San Donato, and the Italian diagnostic center, located in Milan.

Sometimes it happens that treatment or recreation under doctors’ supervision is not enough for a complete recovery.

In this case, you cannot do without surgical intervention.

The main thing here is to choose a suitable clinic.

You need to choose exactly the medical institution that specializes in a specific disease.

For example, the San Rafael hospital’s oncology department will be able to remove a cancer tumor effectively.

The brain surgery in Italy will be successfully performed by doctors from the Roman hospital of San Filippo Neri.

Nonetheless, plastic surgery is most in demand today.

About 20 thousand plastic and lifting operations are performed here every year since many people (even young ones) want to improve some parts of their bodies.

And if you are one of them, but you cannot go to Italy because of a tight schedule and numerous assignments, qualified experts can have your back and help you find some free time to make your dreams come true.

You might have guessed that only locals or those citizens who have a residence permit can receive free treatment in Italy.

Everyone else will have to pay money for a certain range of services.

Treatment costs will be different in every case since the price of treatment directly depends on the type of disease, the time spent in the clinic, and its complexity.

As you know, almost any surgery is a great difficulty for a doctor.

For example, cancer treatment in Italy, especially at the stage where surgery is required, can cost you 20 thousand euros or more.

Payment for diagnostic services, for instance, computed tomography, will cost only 1,000 euros.

A stay at the clinic, a treatment course, consultations may cost from 200 to 1 thousand euros.

READ THE FULL REPORT: Italy Safety Review

• OVERALL RISK: LOW
• TRANSPORT & TAXIS RISK: LOW
• PICKPOCKETS RISK: HIGH
• NATURAL DISASTERS RISK: MEDIUM
• MUGGING RISK: LOW
• TERRORISM RISK: MEDIUM
• SCAMS RISK: HIGH
• WOMEN TRAVELERS RISK: LOW

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Matthew Kaufman, MD, FACS, Physician

Dr. Matthew R. Kaufman, M.D. is a Plastic & Reconstructive Surgeon board certified by both the American Board of Plastic Surgery & the American Board of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery. He is also a Fellow of the American College of Surgeons and is a member of The Rhinoplasty Society. Dr. Kaufman is co-Director of the Center for Treatment of Paralysis and Reconstructive Nerve Surgery at Jersey Shore University Medical Center, a Clinical Assistant Professor of Surgery at the David Geffen UCLA Medical Center in Los Angeles, California and an assistant professor in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at Seton Hall-Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine.

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Sam Najmabadi, M.D., is board-certified in Obstetrics and Gynecology (OB/GYN) as well as board-certified in Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility (RE/I). He is a past Assistant Clinical Professor in the Department of OB/GYN at the University of Southern California (USC) School of Medicine and currently is Adjunct Assistant Professor at Turo University of California College of Osteopathic Medicine.

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MedicalTourism.com

MedicalTourism.com is a free, confidential, independent resource for patients and industry providers. Our mission is to provide a central portal where patients, medical tourism providers, hospitals, clinics, employers, and insurance companies can all find the information they need. Our site focuses on patients looking for specific knowledge in the fields of medical tourism, dental tourism, and health tourism.

OUR ROOMS & SUITES

Medical Tourism Italy is well known for its top level selection of  internationally awarded Medical Doctors ; keeping the same level of uncompromised excellence, we have carefully selected the best hotels and rooms for our clients to stay in, with lots of benefits for the overall experience.

The Excellence Treatment

That our patients deserve.

When you are suffering from a condition and you have been literally searching the world to find the  Best Doctors   for your Treatment, choosing to pursue your Therapy plan can be challenging; crossing Countries and Oceans, to land in a  Wonderful place  with a different Culture.

That’s why  Medical Tourism Italy  has created an excellent Trip & Service offer sustained by our  Personal Health Planners , who have been creating unique conventions with the best Hospitality facilities in the surrounding areas of the Hospitals we work with;

These facilities are not just astonishing beautiful places where to rest and recover but have all the commodities a Patient might need. Upon request, we can have any kind of accessory to your room to make your stay perfect and tailored to your needs, while not compromising the incomparable experience of staying in Italy and enjoying the Culture, Food and warm kindness of the Staff.

Here is a breakdown of the kind of Rooms we generally offer, divided in three areas: Classic , Superior and Prestige.

Please do read further down this list to get to know all the different combinations of services possible that a Personal Health Planner can organize for you.

Roomy, comfortable and quiet rooms to enjoy, excellent if you are going to be here for a short stay.

Junior Suites  and  Family Rooms , for those who expect more than just hospitality for them and their caretaker.

Royal Suites  with  Jacuzzi  and the Highest-Class Italian Furniture, Design and Service.

More Options

With Medical Tourism Italy, you can fully customize your experience. 

We work with several Hotels, Restaurants and other Hospitality Facilities, and we strive to give to the patients the best that Italy has to offer. The packages are divided into three groups, but the customization possibilities are virtually endless.

Talk to a  Patient Care Coordinator  for a deeper insight on what can be arranged for you!

Room typologies

There are several facilities distributed among Vicenza, Verona and their surroundings. The facilities we have chosen are not changeable, as only in this way we can be sure that they will have the structure and training to receive our patients.

• We have standard, double and triple rooms in the  Classic package .
• The same applies to the  Deluxe  Rooms and the  Superior  ones.
• We have several types of Suites, from the Junior Suite, to the Standard ones.
• For those of you who want a really unique experience, we have a Royal Suite and access to:
• Swimming Pool

All of what’s above is the result of a tailoring of the service we can offer, based on the patient’s needs. 

Enriching your experience

Excellent cuisine and winery, a Country founded on the Respect for Culture, Art and nutrition; it’s difficult to go wrong when choosing to visit Italy for Medical reasons. And yet, that’s why we have chosen so carefully the structures we work with and we prefer not to list them on a public page. We strive so hard to guarantee to our patients a unique service, and each case is different.

“We have been to Italy with Medical Tourism Italy in late June of 2018 for my husband’s  CRPS  treatment and not only we have found an extremely professional and kind team. Our Hotel booked under our request the “Barbiere di Siviglia” Opera at the Arena di Verona. It had been such a long time since we were able to completely relax and feel really taken care of”

Patient's Caretaker

Talk to a Personal Health Planner

Our Team of Personal Health Planner is always ready to take your calls and email for free consultations and information request.

Travelers Guide to Healthcare in Italy

• October 29, 2021
• Lauren Stuttaford

Italy is undoubtedly one of the most iconic destinations in Europe – from its rich culture and history, and of course, the food; the Mediterranean country boasts impressive sights, sounds, and experiences for both locals and visitors alike.

The country consists of a peninsula bordered by the majestic Alps and several islands surround it. Rome is the capital city, and other major cities include Milan, Naples, Genoa, and Venice – with the Vatican City being an independent state. Each with its own unique cultures and traditions. While there are approximately 34 native living languages, Italian is the official language.

Italy offers an excellent standard of living and quality of life for its vibrant population. In fact, it has a high average life expectancy, reaching 85.1 years for women and 79.6 years for men—achievements resulting from successful welfare practices and well-established healthcare policies.

If you are planning a trip to Italy, then this healthcare guide will give you everything you need to know to stay safe and informed during your stay.

• Healthcare Basics
• Cost of Healthcare in Italy

Available Payment Methods

• Seeing a Specialist
• Drugstores and Pharmacies
• Hospitals and Clinics in Italy
• Emergency and After-Hours Healthcare
• Tips for Tourists

Healthcare In Italy – The Basics

The quality of healthcare facilities in Italy varies from region to region, with the north having a more comprehensive range of medical centers and clinics compared to the south.

Italy has a mixed public and private healthcare system, with healthcare recognized as a fundamental right and provided to everyone under Universal Healthcare .

According to the World Health Organization , Italy’s healthcare system has been ranked the second-best worldwide in terms of performance, and Italian doctors are generally highly qualified.

Public Healthcare

Italy’s healthcare system is a regionally based national service known as Servizio Sanitario Nazionale (SSN), which provides universal coverage to citizens and residents. SSN provides public healthcare mainly free of charge. Treatments covered by the public health system and a small co-payment include:

• Surgeries during hospitalization
• Family doctor visits (GP)
• Medial assistance provided by pediatricians and other specialists
• Out-patient treatments and dental treatments are also available

Public healthcare facilities across the country vary in quality depending on the region, and some public hospitals fall below the standard that some expats are accustomed to.

Expats employed in Italy can qualify for the local government healthcare network by visiting the nearest local health authority, the Aziende Sanitaria Locale (ASL), and registering with a doctor. European Union citizens moving to Italy can leverage mutual healthcare agreements with their native countries by applying for form E111 at least three weeks before traveling to Italy. Non-European citizens moving to Italy are required to have private insurance coverage.

Limitations of public healthcare in Italy include limited availability of primary care physicians and crowded doctor’s offices with appointments typically unavailable on a first-come-first-serve basis. Additionally, most GPs under the Italian National Healthcare Service do not speak English, and hospitals can be large and confusing.

Private Healthcare

Wealthier Italians and expats may prefer to opt for private health insurance, which allows them to choose doctors and specialists freely and receive treatment at private hospitals, avoiding long queues and waiting lists. While the quality of service and comfort at private hospitals are typically superior to state facilities, the quality of care is likely to be similar. It’s important to note that some treatments at private medical facilities in Italy can be costly without private health insurance.

Cost of Health Care In Italy

Italy offers universal healthcare coverage, but not all services are completely free. Most services require cost-sharing, and patients are responsible for paying for many treatments. These co-pay fees, known as “Tickets,” apply to specialist consultations, diagnostic procedures, lab analyses, and emergency room visits.

The amount of co-pay fees varies by region and depends on the type of treatment and the patient’s status. Low-income individuals and those with serious illnesses may qualify for exemptions.

General practitioners typically negotiate an hourly rate of approximately EUR 25 with the government. Private medical care costs more, ranging from EUR 50-124 for general practitioners, EUR 80-200 for specialists, and around EUR 100 for dentists. Providers, whether public or private and under contract with the SSN, cannot charge more than the scheduled fees.

In Italy, card payments are the most common payment method. However, PayPal is also as popular throughout the country.  

Doctors And Specialists In Italy

Self-employed and independent GPs and pediatricians provide primary care under contract with the National Healthcare system. They receive capitation fees based on the number of patients on their list, and additional allowances for providing care to specific patients or meeting quality or spending targets. GPs and pediatricians who work in remote areas receive additional payments per patient.

Group practices have become increasingly popular, especially in the northern part of the country. GPs and pediatricians in group practices receive additional payments per patient and for employing nurses or secretaries.

Seeing A Specialist

Many Italians opt for private medical centers for specialist consultations due to increased comfort, flexibility in scheduling appointments, faster access to medical assistance, and closer doctor-patient relationships.

However, referral consultations with a specialist can also be arranged by a primary care physician at public healthcare centers or at private centers with an NHS agreement. These services require co-payments.

If you choose to see a specialist through the Italian NHS, your referral will be in the form of a red prescription. Urgent appointments (within 10 to 30 days) are available for urgent needs.

To book your appointment, you can use the regional CUP (Centro Unico di Prenotazione Regionale) by calling or booking online. You cannot choose your doctor, and the earliest available appointment will be assigned to you.

Drugstores And Pharmacies

Pharmacies in Italy are typically small, family-owned businesses that specialize in medical supplies and can generally fill most prescriptions. Pharmacists are knowledgeable and efficient, and may even recommend medication without a doctor’s prescription. Look for the green cross outside the window to identify a pharmacy, which generally operates during shop hours from 9am to 12:30pm and 3:30pm to 7:30pm. In larger cities, 24-hour pharmacies are available for expats and tourists, while those in rural areas may have more limited options for after-hours medication. Patients covered by state health services qualify for subsidized rates on most medication, but it’s always wise to ask about generic brands for long-term prescriptions. Prescription drugs are divided into three tiers based on clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness:

• Tier 1 (Classe A): includes lifesaving drugs and treatments for chronic conditions and is typically covered in all cases.
• Tier 2 (Classe C): includes drugs for all other conditions and is not covered by the SSN.
• Tier 3 (Classe H): comprises drugs that can be delivered only in a hospital setting.

Hospitals In Italy

Hospitals in Italy are a mix of public, private nonprofit, and private for-profit establishments. Most private hospitals are under contract with each region, while public hospitals may engage in private activities. Public physicians who consult with private patients in public hospitals must pay a portion of their extra income to the hospital. Private hospitals operate in agreement with the Italian National Healthcare Service and can be accessed with the Italian Health Insurance Card (Tessera Sanitaria) under certain conditions. While private hospitals may not always have emergency rooms, those that do can be accessed through public healthcare.

List of International Hospitals

Rome Italy:

• Rome American Hospital: Via Emilio Longoni, 69; +39 06 22551
• Concordia Hospital: Via delle Sette Chiese, 90; +39 06 5160 0248
• Salvator Mundi International Hospital: Viale delle Mura Gianicolensi, 67; +39 06 588961

Florence Italy:

• Ospedale Santa Maria Nuova: Piazza Santa Maria Nuova, 1; +39 055 69381
• Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer: Viale Gaetano Pieraccini, 24; +39 055 56621
• Hospital of Innocents – Piazza della Santissima Annunziata, 12; +39 055 20371

Milan Italy:

• Milan Medical Center S.R.L.: Via Angelo Mauri, 3; +39 02 4399 0401
• San Raffaele Hospital: Via Olgettina, 60; +39 02 26431
• Ospedale Niguarda Ca’ Granda- Piazza dell’Ospedale Maggiore, 3; +39 02 64441

Naples Italy:

• Ospedale Antonio Cardarelli: Via Antonio Cardarelli, 9; +39 081 747 1111
• Ospedale Evangelico Villa Betania: Via Argine, 604; +39 081 591 2111
• Note that ambulance services are not usually available for public hospitals in this area.

Health Centers & Clinics In Italy

Out-patient specialist care is generally provided by local health units or state and private accredited hospitals contracted with them. Self-employed specialists contracted by the SSN typically provide out-patient specialist consults, paid an hourly fee negotiated between trade unions and the government. Out-patient care payment rates are determined by each region, with national averages serving as a reference.

Out-patient specialists consulting public patients cannot bill above the fee schedule but can consult with private patients without any limitations. Pharmacies in Italy also operate as walk-in clinics for minor ailments and are usually the first point of medical advice for most Italians, given pharmacists’ particular level of medical training.

Emergency And After-Hours Healthcare

In case of a medical emergency in Italy, call 118 . However, those with limited Italian may struggle to find an English-speaking operator. English speakers and those who speak other foreign languages can dial the general EU emergency number: 112 .

Emergency services in Italy tend to be reliable and responsive, but waiting times for ambulances may be longer in rural areas. Visitors and expats should keep the number of their home country’s consulate or embassy on hand for emergencies.

Tips For Tourists In Italy

Italian culture is the epitome of an effective way of life. In these cultures, people want to express their emotions openly and even spontaneously. It is welcomed and accepted to show emotion: express them immediately, openly, and passionately. Typically, Italian people are warm and gregarious, using their hands to gesture and expressing their emotions both visibly and openly. Italians also communicate a lot with their facial expressions and body language and have difficulty connecting with people who do not. For instance, people will think you are rude if you don’t smile while greeting someone or introducing yourself.

It is best not to talk about money straight away since it is a delicate issue for Italians. For many centuries, the Church called money “the devil’s poo”, and even today, there’s still something dirty about it. It’s best to spend a few minutes discussing other matters before discussing financial aspects.

In hospitals, most nurses provide medical care, i.e. take blood, administer medication, check pulses, and bring bedpans. But this is all they do. They do not assist with regular care. The hospital generally expects family members to be available for primary care and needs – such as washing and cleaning. You will have to bring your own towels, soap, etc.

Some Useful Phrases:

As with many cultures, knowing even a few phrases in the local language will go a long way. Even if you only master a few essential words, chatting to locals will be more rewarding.

• Please: per favore
• Thank you: grazie
• You’re welcome: prego

If you are a tourist in Italy and would like to speak to a medical professional connected to an international network of doctors, you can make an appointment on the Air Doctor app right now and have an in-person or virtual consultation within minutes.

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Jenny Cohen Derfler

Air dr ceo & co-founder.

Jenny is the CEO and one of the Co-Founders at Air Doctor. She spent more than 20 years at Intel, most recently as general manager of its manufacturing facility in Israel and before that in various engineering and manufacturing roles in Silicon Valley. Air Doctor is her second startup having previously founded electric vehicle company ElectRoad.

Our company

“Health Medical Tourism Italy”  is a brand of Termetour Srl, an Italian tour operator operating in the field of incoming and health tourism  for 18 years. The project has been created from the collaboration between Termetour and Kristin Maria Stensrud who has more than 20 years of experience in the health sector as a nurse in various hospitals and clinics in Oslo. Her knowledge of the territory, the Italian culture and of many spas and clinics specialized in psycho-physical rehabilitation guarantees a perfect synergy with the tourist organization experience of Termetour. The combination of medical knowledge and specialized tourism incoming for Italy has given birth to this first and big project in medical tourism in Italy.

Kristin Maria Stensrud

Project Manager. Is an educated nurse since 1992, from Norway. She has worked at Akershus University Hospital, both in the field of infection medicine and at the Children’s Department. She has worked at the ward unit at Rikshospitalet and also within geriatric in a private nursing home. In periods she works as a nurse at Kjerulfs gate apartments in Lillestrøm. Kristin has lived many years in Italy and loves the country, the culture, landscape and way of life. She speaks Italian, English and Norwegian. Today she works with Health Medical Tourism in Italy and is your contact person who helps you to plan and organize your treatment holiday in Italy.

Doc. Claudio Marcotulli

Doc. Marcotulli is one of the medical consultant for Health Medical Tourism in Italy. He is specialist in Medical Hydrology, Doctor of Chiropractic degree (USA)  Homeopathic medicine and Acupuncture. Doc. Marcotulli is scientific director of  Terme di Montecatini.

Doc. Antonio Fimiani

Irene Marta Fabbrico

Social media and marketing responsible in Termetour Srl and Health Medical Tourism in Italy. Irene is graduated in Tourism operation and Design and Management of Art and Cultural Events at the University of Florence. She has long experience with events, meetings and incentives organization.

Total Chapter Views on intechopen.com

In recent years, becoming a form of spatial mobility of people is mainly called “medical tourism or health tourism”. In Italy the adoption of the expression “turismo sanitario” is often used as an international expression synonymous with “medical tourism or health tourism”: this situation raises a number of conceptual problems. In fact, the Italian public health service is one of the most developed in the world and is distinguished by many nations to the fact to offer its citizens free of charge and many health care services. In this situation, the Italian citizen in need of medical care is not convenient to travel to other places and is not obliged to do so. In fact, the Italian citizen tends to move for medical and health care that the Italian public health service does not deliver at no charge: such as dental care, we will deal with this case illustrating some examples of dental tourism low cost of the Italians. However, from our point of view, tourism period may be coupled to the trips to the health or well-being only in cases where the journey is “voluntary.” All this will be discussed in this paper.

• turismo sanitario
• health care and low cost
• health and holiday

Author Information

Tullio romita *.

• Università della Calabria, Rende, CS, Italy

Antonella Perri

*Address all correspondence to: [email protected]

1. Introduction

Expressions like medical tourism or health tourism are very widespread nowadays and for the past 10 years are used to indicate the geographical (territorial) mobility of people moving around the world looking at this way of meeting together the motivations and needs that deal with health and well-being, with needs related recreation, knowledge, and holidays. This kind of mobility has grown more and more over time due to the (considerable) opportunity of visibility by World Wide Web about global health opportunities. In fact, due to World Wide Web, people have the possibility to communicate in real time and the ability to move faster and faster and economically in space, especially through low-cost air transport.

In the contest of health and wellness, there is a real competition between touristic destinations that are increasing their product offerings in order to gain significant shares of this type of tourism market.

However, within the analysis and study of the phenomenon, the first difficulties refer to the theoretical and conceptual problems it generates, especially in the Italian case, the use of the term “health tourism.” In this work, we will analyze this particular issue and the low-cost medical tourism of Italians. 1

2. For a definition of “health/medical tourism”

The term “health/medical tourism” has its origin in those countries where coverage of the cost of medical care is borne by the public or where there is no public health services guaranteed by the state.

This situation is found in several of the Western world rich countries, such as many of the major English-speaking countries (the United States of America), where, in fact, and for a very long time, you can observe a great mobility of people who need medical care and that move within their own country, or even abroad, to the medical service research that, at least of equal quality, offers a more advantageous cost. 2

However, in countries like Italy where, as always, there is a national health service, that is, where the state offers its citizens the opportunity to care for free or at low cost, and where all the different types of medical services are, or should be, guaranteed locally or, in any case, in the vicinity of the closest spatial urban centers, the health tourism expression has never been, and still it is not today, similarly applicable, on the contrary, said in these terms, it seems inappropriate, that is, because the main reason for medical mobility is determined or because the severity of the person's health situation is such that to resolve it, he must move toward national public specialized centers of medical excellence or because the place where he lives the public health presents evident criticality in the quality of medical services.

Obviously, the reference just mentioned on the Italian situation does not apply to all citizens, in the sense that existing excellent medical services are provided in private health facilities, people who can afford it, that is, those with greater economic capacity, they may decide to opt for this type of medical facilities and not for those public ones.

It is favorable to point out that in Europe we have tried to regulate the sector of health services with specific European directive of 2011, 3 establishing the rules for cross-border healthcare, under which European citizens are now allowed to cure themselves freely even in countries other than their own.

In any case, what our opinion appears at this point is necessary that it is to reflect on at least two issues. The first one is whether expressions indicating the so-called “medical tourism” indicate the same phenomenon, even if with different shades, at the international level; the second one is if the mobility of people determined to respond to medical and health needs is in fact appropriate to pair the word “tourism.”

Regarding the first question, there is to say that, in the “literature,” this kind of tourism is almost always considered substantially equivalent to those of Anglo-Saxon term of “health travel,” “medical tourism,” or even “Health & Medical Tourism.” 4 In fact, however, this situation seems to represent a simplification not useful to understand the differences.

For example, in the Anglo-Saxon world, we are faced with health services, in many cases, paid services and that's why you go looking for economically viable healthcare solutions; this situation assumes the possibility of physical movement, and in these cases, for the same quality of medical service, the choice of where to go can also depend on the attractiveness of the tourist places and/or of the availability of tourist services and leisure. In the Italian case, however, even if a national health service exists, the prevailing gratuity brings the citizen to move to different places than those in which he lives only in the case of particular services or nonexistent or poors at the local level.

In short, from a substantive point of view, the Italian expression “turismo sanitario” does not have the meaning exactly similar to those attributed to the expressions used in the international arena such as “health travel” or “medical tourism.” Therefore, in our opinion not even conventionally, in the case of the Italian medical tourism, it appears appropriate to use dogmatically such an expression to propose a comparison with other international experiences, particularly with Anglo-Saxon ones, where, unlike the Italian system, the health services are of private nature, and for that, they are a substantial economic burden to the citizen.

The second issue on which we have set ourselves to reflect on it is whether it is in fact appropriate to use the term “tourism” to indicate the physical mobility of people toward health services, which is currently widespread.

Indeed, technically the use of the term “health tourism” depends by the definition of tourism generally adopted, developed, and proposed by the UNWTO, 5 according to which 6 : “Tourism is a social, cultural, and economic phenomenon, which entails the movement of people to countries or places outside their usual environment for personal or business/professional purposes. These people are called visitors (which may be either tourists or excursionists; residents or nonresidents) and tourism has to do with their activities, some of which involve tourism expenditure.” In this regard, it is worth to highlight that the definition of tourism over time has greatly expanded its conceptual meaning, and today, there is a tendency, in fact, to consider tourists even those who move for instrumental purposes (for example, for work reasons), and this leads to a census as a tourist movement, practically all types of travelers regardless the motivation that determines the journey.

In other words, to be tourism, to be able to label a particular territorial mobility of people as a tourist, it would be enough for the presence of a condition: the journey to a destination other than the one where you normally live. While visitors/hikers, even if today conceptually considered tourists, they remain statistically and economically very difficult to evaluate due to the absence of at least one night in an accommodation facility.

Anyway, the definition of tourism provided by the UNWTO and with it, a large capacity to consider substantially as tourism, as we have said before, almost all streams of people who move to places other than their own for us is clearly very difficult to recognize as valid the “health tourism” expression; we see a paradoxical situation in part, in the sense that it seems almost an oxymoron. Here, we try to explain what we mean.

Indeed, contemporary society no longer offers the certainties of modernity and even try to frame the conceptual and theoretical point of view of tourism phenomenon, precisely because social phenomenon of globalized mass and in continuous expansion, it becomes an increasingly difficult operation and contains full of obstacles. However, we think to have some certainties.

In a study of sociology on tourism very well-known internationally and still widely used today, Cohen [ 6 ] identified and defined the tourism role based on some dimensions. In other words, according to this scholar, any traveler could call himself a tourist in the presence of the following dimensions: (1) the stay of tourists should be temporary (for this reason they are different from other types of travelers as they have a residence that makes them traceable); (2) the tourist makes a round trip (this distinguishes it from the travelers who move to other places, such as immigrants, permanently); (3) the visitor makes a journey that is not completed in the same day (what differentiates it from hikers travelers); (4) the tourist traveling along pathways that, however, do not occur frequently; (5) tourists in traveling do not pursue instrumental goals (what distinguishes it from business travelers, for example, businessmen, missionaries, politicians, etc.); (6) the tourist is a person who decides to embark on the journey in a totally voluntary way (what distinguishes him from all the travelers who become obliged, for example: victims of political persecution, political prisoners, the prisoners, the sick, etc.) [ 7 ].

Cohen's work, although of extremely useful and epistemological interest, we have no difficulty in admitting that by virtue of the important changes that have affected the tourism phenomenon in time, it is no longer present and, moreover, “… It is limited in the real tourist experience. A series of figures traveler would remain outside in which the tourism component has ample space. Consider, for example, hikers, those who decide to spend a day on a farm or under an umbrella at the beach, or even the congressman who takes the opportunity to learn about a new location, it is these situations which are now generally considered to be a constituent part of tourist flows.” [ 7 ].

Even taking into account the above, by comparing the contents of Cohen's tourism dimensions and the definition of tourism role by UNWTO and adopting a more conceptual flexibility; however, it seems to emerge a broad convergence about who the tourist is and what tourism is. So given things, the aspect that even the definition of tourism UNWTO does not capture is “the voluntary nature of the trip.”

This, in our view, remains central to really understand what tourism is distinguishing it from what tourism is not and who tourist is from who is not even when the journey that is accomplished is not voluntary? Can trips really be included in tourist flows that they are required to do?

Using the definition UNWTO, the answer would be, probably, yes! While in the past, the entire mobility made with mostly recreational purposes and entertainment was considered tourism; today, there is a tendency to see the presence of tourist aspects in all types of mobility, and for that, we can conclude on the basis of over-simplifying phrases such as that included in the definition given above by the UNWTO tourism: Tourism is a social, cultural, and economic phenomenon, which entails the movement of people to countries or places outside their usual environment for personal or business/professional purposes.

Indeed, however, can we really think that a person who is working as a sales representative and that every day, he travels for hundreds of kilometers by car, traveling from city to city, even sleeping and eating at several hotels and restaurants, can be counted as tourist mobility? Or that the person who moves from his home to go to work for 6 months a year in another place and in doing so also sleeps and eats in various hotels and restaurants, can it be counted as a tourist mobility? Or also, and more simply, can it be considered a tourist the parent obligated to visit a university student son in need of help, and in doing so, he spent a short time in a holiday complex located in a distant city? From our point of view, the answer to these questions is probably not! The voluntary nature of the trip remains an essential element of tourism; otherwise, we are talking about something else and not of tourism. 7

Also, since it does not solve the problem of voluntariness of the trip, we think that the simplification of Henderson [ 8 ] is not very useful and that it has encouraged the definition of the various areas of “health tourism” dividing the search for cures into four categories: (1) the area of disease conditions (all forms of surgical interventional, diagnostic investigations, etc.); (2) the wellness area that can encompass the so-called alternative medicines as well as spa treatments and fitness; (3) the area of esthetic enhancement through plastic and cosmetic surgery; (4) the breeding area for fertility treatments and assisted reproduction.

Ultimately, based on the principle of voluntariness of the journey becomes really difficult to see if and when it is possible in the Italian case, the use of the term “health tourism,” an expression, in our opinion, that to represent the phenomenon is more just separate into two further expressions: “medical trip” and “wellness tourism”:

With the “medical trip” expression, we could indicate all those travel experiences that individuals make because in any case obliged, the motivation of the travel to seek health care controls and/or medical treatment that they are necessary to the control or to the resolution of a disease, though the related medical and health care services are available at the place where he usually lives;

With the “wellness tourism” expression, we could, however, indicate all volunteer's trips that people make for not essential medical services but for the care of the psycho-physical wellness of their appearance. Among other things, it is worth noting that in the Italian case, the public national health service does not recognize the costs of nearly all of these treatments, which are therefore the sole responsibility of the citizen, and even if the choice of the medical structure in which “you receive care” is important, it is important too, the identification of the place where to go that sometimes convinces in particular the offer of “tourist” services associated, in other words to mix business and pleasure.

In the first case, that one of “medical trip,” we find ourselves faced with a necessary journey, where the only motivation is the need for appropriate treatment, maybe only available in certain cities and medical facilities. Although for these purposes, you may need to go in very desirable locations, or use the magnificent tourist services, it is difficult to think that this kind of travel experience is actually a tourism experience. In the second case, that one of “wellness tourism,” are faced with travel volunteers, either because not necessary from a medical point of view or because the health services are generally widespread or available in the places where you live, in any event, services not absolutely necessary for the very survival of the person. Moreover, in the case of “medical trip,” the challenge to attract the attention of the person as a “traveler” is not based on the tourist attractiveness of the destination, but on the presence of medical facilities and onto high quality or unique health services (in this case, the choice of where and how to stay will depend more easily by logistical and/or economic parameters). While in the case of “wellness tourism,” not only the choice is based on availability and quality of services and healthcare type structures, but also on the attractiveness of the tourist destination, on the different and qualified availability of tourism services, and reachability of the destination (the most obvious case is that of dental care, where in the last decade has developed an international challenge, with dozens of different offer packages that include in addition to medical care, travel, accommodation, excursions in the area, and an increasingly wide range of additional services for leisure).

In conclusion, we recognize as not useful and misleading using the term “health tourism,” at least in the Italian case. The reasoning led us first of all to separate the expression into two parts to start to understand more fully the phenomenon: we think we can establish that the “medical trip” is obligated by its nature, and therefore, it is not considered as tourism, as is the related traveler cannot be considered a tourist but, a “person in need of medical care”; the “wellness tourism” is, however, more properly defined as “health tourism,” because the more easily the nature of the trip is voluntary and the ability to care about their psycho-physical wellness reconciles with the tourist experience that assumes knowledge of the places where you are traveling and the development of relations and knowledge relations with host populations. 8

3. The so-called “health tourism” market

Evaluate the value of world market of so-called “health tourism” is not easy for two reasons.

The first one is a question of conceptual character. As we wrote before, to establish with reasonable accuracy what actually “health tourism” is, it is possible only when you come to a shared definition of the meaning. However, for the purposes of this paper, we assume that health tourism like all mobility that is determined by motives that concern as well as medical care dedicated to the more general welfare of the people. The second reason is the scarcity of systematic studies of this type of mobility, for which you will use what we currently have.

Bearing in mind the considerations just made, we say that already about 10 years ago, the American company Deloitte Research [ 10 ] predicted a rosy future for the US health tourism, which it imagined would touch the six million citizens compared to about eight hundred thousand in 2007, for a global turnover estimated at several billion dollars annually.

The same Deloitte [ 11 ], in a later study calculated “… that every year seven million people in the world travel because of health reasons, already generating a turnover of 100 billion dollars, which will become 150 in 2018” [ 12 ]. In addition, according to another study dated 2016, “… the revenue generated from medical tourism already amounted to 12 billion euro in Europe … Italy has a market share of 2 billion, which could reach 4, by implementing the “provision of health and tourism services offered to foreigners.” 9

The so-called health tourism is today a social and economic phenomenon of great importance in fact recently, and for the first time in one of the most important fairs of world tourism, which was the FITUR 2015, a specific space it has been reserved right to health tourism.

However, the Italian Association for Medical Tourism Development (IAMT) has published on its website [ 13 ], a brief illustration of the background of health tourism. In particular, the variables that determine the majority of the customer mobility flows are the quality of the delivered treatments; better access to health services; the absence of waiting lists; the ability to bind to a health need for the satisfaction of a tourist needs; travel opportunities; the cost of treatment, which is a significant variable for a given segment of the market; the confidentiality, especially for esthetic interventions. In addition, with regard to the health tourism numbers, it notes that about 15 million tourists patients in 2017 will decide to resort to medical treatment abroad, and that the major destinations of health tourism for many tourists are Costa Rica, India, Israel, Malaysia, Mexico, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thainlandia, Turkey, and United States of America.

There are more than 200,000 Italians who are traveling because of sanitary issues. At least, a quarter of this, 200,000 Italians ask for medical care dentistry. Most treatments in specialized health tourism dental are in Eastern European countries, Croatia, Hungary, and Romania (with Albania that's growing up). For the Italians, it is easy to get there in these countries, especially if they live near the airport. It is quite clear that these are countries where the cost of dental care is much lower than in Italy. Often the dentists (in these countries) have even studied abroad. The promotion of health treatment is very aggressive and aims almost exclusively on the Web support; in addition, all medical treatments are combined, with the basic tourist services like accommodation, food, shuttle service, etc. and excursions in the area who takes care to these tourists who speak Italian.

Precisely of this type of health tourism, we will deal in the next section.

4. Low-cost medical tourism of Italians

In this section, we will deal with the case of the health travels of Italians to foreign destinations where there are specialized institutions in dental care.

Thousands of Italians are contacting low-cost dental clinics in countries belonging mainly to Eastern Europe, and as we have mentioned before, it is a growing phenomenon.

Countries such as Croatia, Bulgaria, Romania, Slovenia, Poland, and Albania are in the last years the European leaders in dental health tourism market.

In recent years, we are seeing a proliferation of so-called low-cost dental centers, or commercial chains, mostly franchised, offer dental services at low prices.

Several clinics offer “all inclusive packages” at very low prices. In the “all inclusive,” beyond the costs directly attributable to the dental expenses in the strict sense, in many cases, the costs of travel, the stay in the place where the clinic and excursions in the area is located are included.

The very low cost relative to the “all inclusive package,” is due, according to what these clinics confirm, to the fact that “everything costs less” than the other countries of Western Europe: the rental of commercial premises, the average salary of a dentist, the cost of electricity, water, heating, expenses for advertising, administrative costs, taxes [ 14 ]. Indeed, the Italian president of the National Council of dentists, Dr. Giuseppe Renzo, in a 2015 interview said that “Italians look for alternative health services to cope with the crisis period” and because of the high prices of dental care in Italy according to Istat “over 8 million citizens would prefer not to heal mouth and teeth.” In fact, in an article in the Italian newspaper “Il fatto quotidiano” in talking about low-cost dental tourism is reported an interview with an Apulian lady who alleged that she was aware of the possible risks to go to Albania to dental care, but the Italian prices would not have permitted to care of her teeth; moreover, it would have taken little time to arrive in Albania, and that she was very satisfied with the reception saying “they treat me like a queen, they cuddle me, they offer me the stay and make me visit the castles” [ 15 ]. Furthermore, Dr. Renzo stated that “dentistry in Italy is based in large part on a private network of professional firms whose basic costs are on average four times higher than those faced by professionals from other countries. The tax is 22% compared to 4; VAT cannot be deducted; the costs for collaborators are a weight on the cost, but their presence is essential to ensure safety and hygiene” [ 16 ]. On the other hand, the Italian dentists assign to the low cost of dental services low quality [ 17 ], mainly with respect to sanitary regulations, the respect of clinicians time, and the necessity of subsequent checks [ 18 ].

The dental tourism in recent years has made its history to Albania. There are several clinics on the Albanian territory, as many are also, the individual dental practices. Among the different realities encountered in our research, we wanted to analyze the case of “Dentists in Albania–Viaggiare e sorridere” [ 19 ].

In their Web page, they immediately show the fact that in Albania many of them speak, even correctly, the Italian (75% of the population) putting the possible Italian customer at ease and reassuring him, as well, also, they reassure on professionalism and quality of materials used (that they define high), they perform the relevant certifications and that they offer 5 years Warranty [ 20 ].

Albanian dentists reassure the potential customers on the qualitative aspect of their services, explain why their prices are so low compared to Italian dentists, attributing the reason to lower taxes, saying that in Albania tax pressure affects 10% while in Italy 55%, and the lower labor costs are due to a lower cost of living. In their opinion, it would lead to savings for the Italian patient tourists by 60% compared to what they could spend in Italy.

Another element that it should entice potential Italian customers to turn to them is the so-called word of mouth. In fact, on the website, dozens of testimonials were published that highlight the quality of services offered, the main motivation of the trip, that is, the economic issue and the tourist aspect. A witness, in fact, declares: “I hope nobody feels offended, I want just to tell my experience: in Italy, our doctors charge 4 times the cost of performances more than the Albanians, often abusing of the good faith of our patients and of our lack of information with the result of a medical service of the third world! This is what happened to me in Italy. That's why I want everyone to know about my experience with Viaggiare e sorridere. In Albania, for three certified dental implants made in Europe and the extraction of teeth 3, I spent EUR 1,400.00, and I was operated by a skilled doctor, who teaches Dental Implantology at the University of Tirana and by her husband too. The intervention lasted only 55 minutes as opposed to Italy, in fact the Italian dentists to justify the excessive price make you go several times ending up losing even 3 months. I saw people from all social backgrounds enter in this clinic equipped with the best three-dimensional machinery and hygiene at par with the best clinics in the world, I saw people, which they hugged each to other and then they decided to exchange they phone numbers, people pleased to have found a smile without signing a mortgage. A unique professionalism, many money saved and the stay is free, as also the taxi for and by Tirana to airport on arrival and departure and outings to discover the beauty of their land with the company of reception staff who speak Italian. A real holiday of well-being, which is why I thank and advise everyone the clinic Viaggiare e sorridere” [ 21 ]. Among other things, each patient/tourist who has left his testimony has left their contact information in case any potential customer wants to know more.

In Albania, low prices are not the only element to attract customers' attention, there are other elements as: a detailed range of interventions and services offered, the curriculum of some dentists and professionals who are part of the medical staff and not, the reviews (all positive) of their patients/tourists; “Dentists in Albania” also uses the “card” of the holiday, offering, among other things, a free stay for two people, and both the transfer to the hotel and the reception service: at the airport, there will be an attendant who will speak properly in Italian and that he will welcome them, he will be available to patients-tourists from 9 AM to 21 PM to resolve any problems on the stay or even to play the role of tour guide of the city. In addition, the reception agent will be available 24–24h contacting him by telephone. Even before the trip, they offer their availability to clients in the organization of the trip, advising how to reach Tirana “stress-free and save a lot of money.” The tourist aspect is repeatedly quoted on the website where, among other things, you can read “beyond to low-cost professional dental care, you will have the opportunity to take a holiday in a wonderful city like Tirana, all without spending just a euro for the stay and benefiting of all the services that you want.”

It is some years now, that some of these dental clinics have opened offices in Italy where they exclusively, do free visits with the purpose of provide quotes. Among them, there is the case “Dentists Croatia low-cost,” which opened an office in Verona for “a free estimate, to explain the treatments, prices, to answer all your questions freely, and to give you all the information related to your stay in Croatia.”

For free, no-obligation appointments call us at our number “…Cell…Email…” [ 22 ]. Also in this case, the bus trip, starting from some cities reported on the website, is free. It is to be noted that accommodation is free sometimes subjected to the cost of the performance that a patient goes to support it and, in any case, the patient's accommodation does not happen in a hotel but in an apartment. In particular, the dental office specifies: “During your dental care, we offer a FREE comfortable apartment in the center of RIJEKA/RIVER Croatia near the sea with five beds. The apartment is free if you spend at least € 1000/1500 in dental care” [ 23 ].

Actually, in this case, by some researches carried out on the Web, it is not a dental clinic, but it concerns a real travel agency that manages the health travels. Indeed, by analyzing other websites offering low-cost dental care in Croatia, we realized that another website had the same addresses of “Dentists Croatia low-cost,” and it is the following website www.viaggideldente.info [ 24 ]. The latter, it is known as the “Tour operator of dental savings,” offering free travels by bus from some cities in northern Italy, low-cost dental care “in the best dental practice in Croatia” [ 25 ] and the opportunity to book your stay at favorable prices in the apartment.

However, the proliferation of dental clinics and dental low-cost studies in recent years has become an increasingly important phenomenon, and, therefore, the online offering of low-cost dental tourism is really impressive. Even in Italy dental centers specialized low cost are springing to try to attract these patients/tourists who want to be cured at a lower price. Although, now, as we have seen, competition in the European scenario, in terms of cost and quality, it really is ever more.

5. Conclusion

In our discussion of the issue, we refer to the patient/tourist in terms of an exaltation of humanity. We refer to the person and his emotional sphere, which led him to travel to search for a better state of health [ 26 ]. Rests in the economic and marketing logic and activates processes for which he becomes a consumer, but he remains a person driven by doubts, fragility, and hope to the pursuit of happiness.

The medical treatment related to dental care is among the categories of health (medical) tourism, which refers to disease conditions and to ones of the esthetic improvement.

The research shows that the main reasons why Italians do dental care abroad are due to saving time and money. As well as because distance, communication, and knowledge of the language are not a real problem. Finally, using in a wise way the Web, there is no needs either of large economic investments to create promotion nor advertisements [ 27 ].

Italy is not among the top destinations for foreign health tourism, even if relying on a health care system, it is between the most efficient in the world. Italy was always been one of the most important tourist destinations in the world. Because of this, it is possible to arrange strategies that allow Italy to grow up the market related to the health tourism.

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Dr. Lucia Groe. This research was supported by her who provided expertise and comments that greatly improved the manuscript.

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• 7. Romita T. Argomenti di sociologia del turismo, Working Paper n.78. Università della Calabria; Messina; 2010. pp. 9-10
• 8. Henderson JC. Healthcare tourism in Southeast Asia. Tourism Review International. 2004(7):111-122
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• 10. Deloitte. Medical Tourism: Consumers in Search of Value. Deloitte Center for Health Solutions; New York; 2008 (See www.deloitte.com/centerforhealthsolutions )
• 11. Deloitte. 2014 Global Health Care Outlook. Shared Challenges, Shared Opportunities. New York; 2014. pp. 1-24 (Web)
• 12. http://www.lastampa.it/2016/09/21/italia/cronache/turismo-sanitario-anche-litalia-una-eccellenza-C8OG1I0WQf3OoFT7JCjtyH/pagina.html . Available from: [22-02-2017]
• 13. http://www.iamt.it/?page_id=37
• 14. http://turismodentale.al/Turismo-Dentale/Perche-prezzi-piu-bassi/perche-prezzi-piu-bassi.html
• 15. http://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2017/01/15/albania-patria-del-turismo-dentale-low-cost-le-protesi-con-la-vacanza-intorno-odontoiatri-italiani-concorrenza-al-ribasso/3212554/
• 16. http://www.ilgiornale.it/news/sirena-delle-cure-low-cost-farebbe-bis-soltanto-paziente-su-1085991.html
• 17. http://www.odontotecnici.net/news/2009/097articolo2009.htm
• 18. http://www.dentistiassociati.org/impianti-dentali/turismo-dentale-i-dentisti-in-croazia-sono-unopportunita-o-un-rischio/
• 19. http://www.dentistiinalbania.com/
• 20. http://www.dentistiinalbania.com/garanzia-sicurezza-igiene-orale/
• 21. http://www.dentistiinalbania.com/testimonianze-dentisti-dentista-estero-croazia-ungheria-romania/
• 22. http://dentistacroazia.eu/it/il-nostro-ufficio-a-rimini-per-preventivi-gratis.html
• 23. http://dentistacroazia.eu/it/appartamento-in-croazia-gratis.html
• 24. www.viaggideldente.info
• 25. https://www.viaggideldente.info/appartamento-a-fiume-rijeka.html
• 26. Fondazione ISTUD. Dalla sanità tradizionale a percorsi di nuova economia: la sanità low cost: rapporto di ricerca, XI edizione del “Programma scienziati in azienda”, Stresa; 2010
• 27. Garcìa-Altès A. The development of heath tourism services, Annals of Tourism Research. 2005; 32 (Jan):262-266
• Paragraphs “Introduction”, “For a definition of health/medical tourism” and “Conclusions” are by Tullio Romita; Paragraphs “The so-called ‘health tourism’ market” and “Low-cost medical tourism of Italians” are by Antonella Perri.
• It is also fair to add that mobility is not only directed to having a quality medical service at or higher, but also to search for the so-called “second opinion” as a confirmation of a diagnosis or treatment.
• For a discussion about the cross-border healthcare scheme, see Ref. [1].
• In this regard compares, for example, Refs. [2–4].
• The UNWTO acronym stands for “United Nations World Tourism Organization” the corresponding Italian acronym is OMT (Organizzazione Mondiale del Turismo).
• The tourism definitions provided by the UNWTO are so many, since tourism is a social phenomenon that continually changes its character, the definitions have gradually over time adapted to ongoing social changes. The definition given refers back to 2014 and it is within the “Glossary of tourism terms” UNWTO [5].
• An interesting aspect that should be investigated, is that inherent to the paradox mentioned by Lunt et al. [9] that one side he talks about the voluntary nature of the trip, but on the other, highlights the preference of patients to be treated close to home. This in our view would justify an attitude obvious and immediate that equal of quality medical, patients, even for economic reasons, tend to choose the closest specific center.
• In this paper, our intention is to consider the tourist as a person with an emphasis on the human and the emotional aspect. Not included in the health consumer commodification process, but as a person who seeks a better state of health.
• Forum on the Internationalization of the Italian Health 2016, Rome; Report Observatory Private Consumption in Health (OCPS), SDA Bocconi, Milan.

© 2017 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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A guide for how to see a doctor in Italy, what costs to expect, and how to fill a prescription.

Stephanie G

Some of the links in this post are affiliate links. If you make a booking through these links, I may earn a small commission at no extra cost to you.

Thanks to Italy's public healthcare system, tourists and non-residents, including Americans, can receive urgent care, prescriptions, and continuous medical care in Italy for a very low fee—or even for free, depending on the case.

Don't worry about travel insurance, deductibles, or debt when visiting a doctor or emergency room in Italy. Unlike in some countries, the cost of receiving urgent care or being hospitalized in Italy without insurance will never lead to bankruptcy. A "high" hospital bill in Italy would be around €1,000—and I've never heard of anyone paying this much.

How to Find a Doctor in Italy

Finding a doctor in Italy is straightforward, even for tourists. However, you should first assess the situation and determine what level of care you need.

If you require immediate medical attention...

• You can dial 112 to request an ambulance. Emergency medical services and ambulances are free of charge in Italy.
• Alternatively, you can visit your nearest emergency room, called pronto soccorso in Italian. You can find nearby emergency rooms here.
• Bring your passport or ID card for faster processing.

If you're ill and need a doctor or a prescription...

• To see a doctor in person, contact the nearest Guardia Medica (or Continuità Assistenziale ). These doctors are available 24/7 for non-emergency services and can prescribe medications as well as follow-up care. Find your nearest Guardia Medica here. They will likely speak English, but I recommend downloading Google Translate just in case. Price: Free for EU residents. Non-residents might pay a small fee.
• For an online consultation with an English-speaking doctor , I recommend Doctors in Italy . They can prescribe antibiotics and prescriptions as needed, and you can follow up with them after the appointment to ask questions or discuss new symptoms. I've used them twice to get antibiotics for an eye infection, and I was able to book a same-day appointment both times. Price: €15-50 per consultation, depending on which doctor you choose.
• If you're in a major tourist hub , you might find a clinic that caters specifically to tourists, called a Guardia Medica Turistica. Check here to see if there's a tourist clinic near you.

Average Costs When Seeing a Doctor in Italy

If you're a tourist from outside of the EU/EEA, rest assured that Italy's public healthcare system keeps costs very low, even for tourists and non-residents. The cost for visiting a doctor will vary, but it's usually between €0-100, depending on your location, symptoms, and whether you go public or private.

In my experience, I've never had to pay more than €20 for a private consultation.

If you're a resident of an EU/EEA country, you can use your European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) to receive healthcare in Italy as if you were a local. This card is usually the same one you use in your home country.

Note: Ambulances and other emergency services in Italy are free of charge.

Getting Antibiotics or Prescriptions in Italy

When a doctor in Italy gives you a prescription, you can fill that prescription at any pharmacy in Italy or the greater European Union. European Union countries, as well as Norway and Iceland, must recognize cross-border prescriptions and are required by law to fill them.

Note: Switzerland is not part of the agreement on the recognition of cross-border prescriptions, so it is not obliged to accept prescriptions from Italy.

If the first pharmacy you visit in Italy doesn't have your prescribed product in stock, just try another one. All pharmacies carry similar products, but sometimes the smaller ones sell out quickly.

To pick up your prescription, bring your passport and the digital or physical copy of the prescription to a pharmacy of your choice.

You can use Google Translate or ChatGPT to translate the instructions of your prescription into English.

As an American, I'm a huge fan of the Italian healthcare system. Whether you're a tourist or a resident, you'll receive excellent and affordable care in this country.

Since moving to Europe in 2019, I've taught myself how to ski downhill, ski cross-country, pole dance, and paddle board, all thanks to knowing that if I injure myself, I'll receive free medical care and paid time off from work. Life is much more enjoyable without the looming threat of medical debt or a failed GoFundMe!

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Health tourism: an opportunity for sustainable development

Affiliations.

• 1 Health Innovation Division of Campania Region (DG04), Federico II University and Hospital, Naples, Italy.
• 2 Research and Development Unit, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy.
• 3 Programma Mattone Internazionale Salute, Italian Ministry of Health, San Donà di Piave VE, Italy.
• 4 AGE Platform Europe Network, Brussels, Belgium.
• 5 Caritas Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
• 6 Academy on Age-friendly Environments BV, Gouda, the Netherlands.
• 7 Azienda per i Servizi Sanitari n.5 "Bassa Friulana", Udine, Italy.
• 8 Azienda ULSS n. 4 Veneto Orientale, San Donà di Piave VE, Italy.
• 9 Junta de Andalucia, Seville, Spain.
• 10 Center for Gastrology, Brussels, Belgium.
• 11 Relations with European and extra-European countries Division, Campania Region, Naples, Italy.
• 12 Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 3 Sud, Castellamare di Stabia NA, Italy.
• 13 Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 2 Nord, Frattamaggiore NA, Italy.
• 14 Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 1 Centro, Naples, Italy.
• 15 Istituto Nazionale Tumori Pascale, Naples, Italy.
• 16 Regional Coordination of Tourism Districts of Campania, Naples, Italy.
• 17 Parco regionale dei Monti Lattari, Castellammare di Stabia NA, Italy.
• 18 Federalberghi Terme, Rome, Italy.
• 19 Federterme, Rome, Italy.
• 20 Centro Mediterranea Diagnostica Srl, Castellamare di Stabia NA, Italy.
• 21 Mediterranean Federation for Advancing Vascular Surgery, Naples, Italy.
• 22 Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
• 23 General Directorate for Health Protection and the coordination of Regional Health System, Campania Region, Naples, Italy.
• 24 Regional Ministry for Tourism, Campania Region, Naples, Italy.
• 25 Department of Heart Surgery, San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona Hospital, Salerno, Italy.
• 26 Department of Pneumology and Addictology, Montpellier University Hospital Center, Montpellier, France.
• PMID: 31360675
• PMCID: PMC6581494

In February 2017, the "Programma Mattone Internazionale Salute" (ProMis), that is the Italian Program for Internationalization of Regional Health Systems of the Ministry of Health (MoH), presented the first version of its Position Paper on Health Tourism, which embeds a first shared approach to the recommendations expressed by the European Committee of Regions (CoR) on "Age-Friendly" tourism. The CoR stresses the importance of local and regional authorities in the coordination of multi-sectoral policies such as healthcare, social assistance, transport, urban planning and rural development in relation to the promotion of mobility, security, accessibility of services, including health care and social services. "Age-friendly" tourism is an example of an innovative tourist offer that strives to meet the health needs of the entire "traveling" population, with an integrated and cross-sector approach that involves various organizations operating in sectors such as healthcare, accessibility and transport. The aim of the workshop was to explore the interest of the stakeholders to participate in a systemic action in the field of "health" tourism, and to identify priority implementation areas that offer opportunities to take advantage of validated, innovative experiences that strengthen the accessibility to health and social services in regional, national and international contexts. This effort provides the opportunity to take advantage of aligning the European Structural and Investment Funds (ESIF) to the development of tourism, coherently with the needs and resources of local and regional health authorities.

Keywords: Active ageing; accessibility; age-friendly environments; health tourism; innovation.

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• Passports, travel and living abroad
• Travel abroad
• Foreign travel advice

Before you travel check that:

• your destination can provide the healthcare you may need
• you have appropriate travel insurance for local treatment or unexpected medical evacuation

This is particularly important if you have a health condition or are pregnant.

Emergency medical number

Dial 118 and ask for an ambulance.

Contact your insurance or medical assistance company promptly if you’re referred to a medical facility for treatment.

For more information, read our guidance on healthcare when travelling in Europe .

Vaccinations and health risks

At least 8 weeks before your trip check:

• the latest information on vaccination recommendations and health risks in TravelHealthPro’s Italy guide
• where to get vaccines and whether you have to pay on the NHS travel vaccinations page

Altitude sickness is a risk in parts of Italy, including the Alps and the Dolomites. More information about altitude sickness is available from TravelHealthPro .

There have been cases of the mosquito-borne disease, dengue fever, in Italy. You should take appropriate precautions to avoid being bitten by mosquitoes  .

The legal status and regulation of some medicines prescribed or bought in the UK can be different in other countries.

TravelHealthPro explains best practice when travelling with medicines .

The NHS has information on whether you can take your medicine abroad .

Health insurance cards

Apply for a free UK Global Health Insurance Card ( GHIC ) before leaving the UK. If you already have a European Health Insurance Card ( EHIC ) it will still be valid as long as it remains in date.

The GHIC or EHIC entitles you to state- provided medical treatment necessary during your trip. Any treatment provided is on the same terms as Italian nationals. If you don’t have your EHIC with you or you’ve lost it, contact the NHS Overseas Healthcare Team .

It’s important to take out appropriate travel insurance for your needs. A GHIC or EHIC is not an alternative to travel insurance and you should have both before you travel. A GHIC or EHIC does not cover all health-related costs, for example, medical repatriation, ongoing medical treatment and non-urgent treatment. Read more about what your travel insurance should cover .

You can find details of English-speaking doctors in Italy on our list of healthcare providers .

GHIC and or EHIC cover state healthcare only, not private treatment. You will be responsible for the cost of any treatment provided by a private doctor or private clinic.

Pharmacies and doctors

Unlike in the UK, you will need to go to a pharmacy to get most over-the-counter medicines. Pharmacies are widely available and are usually identified by a green cross. UK prescriptions are not accepted, though you may be able to buy an equivalent medication from the pharmacy. Alternatively, you can visit an Italian GP to obtain a local prescription. Prescription medicines are not free in Italy, but with an EHIC or GHIC , and an Italian prescription, you will pay a reduced rate.

Travel and mental health

Read FCDO guidance on travel and mental health . There is also guidance on TravelHealthPro .

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Travel and tourism in Italy - statistics & facts

What are the leading inbound travel markets in italy, what are italians’ preferred travel destinations, key insights.

Detailed statistics

Travel and tourism's total contribution to GDP in Italy 2019-2022

Distribution of travel and tourism expenditure in Italy 2019-2022, by type

Travel and tourism's total contribution to employment in Italy 2019-2022

Editor’s Picks Current statistics on this topic

Current statistics on this topic.

Travel, Tourism & Hospitality

International tourist arrivals in Italy 2019-2022, by country

Monthly number of international tourist arrivals in Italy 2018-2024

Related topics

Tourism in italy.

• Tourism in Italian cities
• Museums in Italy
• Arts and cultural industry in Italy
• Travel and tourism in Europe
• Travel and tourism in Greece
• Travel and tourism in France
• Travel and tourism in Spain

Recommended statistics

• Basic Statistic Travel and tourism's total contribution to GDP in Italy 2019-2022
• Basic Statistic GDP share generated by travel and tourism in Italy 2019-2022
• Premium Statistic Monthly tourism balance in Italy 2019-2024
• Basic Statistic Distribution of travel and tourism expenditure in Italy 2019-2022, by type
• Basic Statistic Distribution of travel and tourism spending in Italy 2019-2022, by tourist type
• Basic Statistic Travel and tourism's total contribution to employment in Italy 2019-2022

Travel and tourism's total contribution to GDP in Italy 2019-2022

Total contribution of travel and tourism to GDP in Italy in 2019 and 2022 (in billion euros)

GDP share generated by travel and tourism in Italy 2019-2022

Share of travel and tourism's total contribution to GDP in Italy in 2019 and 2022

Monthly tourism balance in Italy 2019-2024

Monthly tourism balance in Italy from January 2019 to January 2024 (in million euros)

Distribution of travel and tourism spending in Italy in 2019 and 2022, by type

Distribution of travel and tourism spending in Italy 2019-2022, by tourist type

Distribution of travel and tourism spending in Italy in 2019 and 2022, by type of tourist

Travel and tourism's total contribution to employment in Italy 2019-2022

Total contribution of travel and tourism to employment in Italy in 2019 and 2022 (in million jobs)

Inbound tourism

• Premium Statistic Total number of international tourist arrivals in Italy 2015-2022
• Premium Statistic International tourist arrivals in Italy 2006-2022
• Premium Statistic International tourist arrivals in Italy 2019-2022, by country
• Premium Statistic Inbound business travelers in Italy 2015-2022
• Premium Statistic Number of inbound tourist overnight stays in Italy 2014-2022, by travel reason
• Premium Statistic Average length of stay of international tourists in Italy 2009-2022
• Premium Statistic Inbound tourist expenditure in Italy 2007-2022
• Premium Statistic Inbound tourist expenditure in Italy 2019-2022, by country

Total number of international tourist arrivals in Italy 2015-2022

Total number of international tourist arrivals in Italy from 2015 to 2022 (in million travelers)

International tourist arrivals in Italy 2006-2022

Number of international tourist arrivals in Italy from 2006 to 2022 (in millions)

Number of international tourist arrivals in Italy from 2019 to 2022, by country of origin (in millions)

Inbound business travelers in Italy 2015-2022

Number of international business tourists in Italy from 2015 to 2022 (in millions)

Number of inbound tourist overnight stays in Italy 2014-2022, by travel reason

Number of international tourist overnight stays in Italy from 2014 to 2022, by travel reason (in millions)

Average length of stay of international tourists in Italy 2009-2022

Average length of stay of international tourists in travel accommodation establishments in Italy from 2009 to 2022 (in number of nights)

Inbound tourist expenditure in Italy 2007-2022

Total international tourist expenditure in Italy from 2007 to 2022 (in billion euros)

Inbound tourist expenditure in Italy 2019-2022, by country

International tourist expenditure in Italy from 2019 to 2022, by country of origin (in million euros)

Outbound tourism

• Premium Statistic Number of outbound tourists from Italy 2015-2022, by type
• Premium Statistic Number of outbound trips from Italy 2019-2022, by destination
• Premium Statistic Number of outbound tourist overnight stays from Italy 2015-2022
• Premium Statistic Overnight stays for outbound trips from Italy 2019-2022, by destination
• Premium Statistic Expenditure of Italian outbound tourists 2007-2022
• Premium Statistic Expenditure of Italian outbound tourists 2019-2022, by destination
• Premium Statistic Share of outbound holiday trips taken by Italians 2023, by purpose
• Premium Statistic Share of outbound holiday trips taken by Italians 2022, by destination type
• Premium Statistic Travel intentions of Italians in the next six months 2023, by destination
• Premium Statistic Italian travelers' preferred European countries for trips in the next six months 2023

Number of outbound tourists from Italy 2015-2022, by type

Number of outbound tourists from Italy from 2015 to 2022, by type (in millions)

Number of outbound trips from Italy 2019-2022, by destination

Number of outbound trips from Italy from 2019 to 2022, by country of destination (in 1,000s)

Number of outbound tourist overnight stays from Italy 2015-2022

Number of outbound tourist overnight stays from Italy from 2015 to 2022 (in millions)

Overnight stays for outbound trips from Italy 2019-2022, by destination

Number of overnight stays for outbound trips from Italy from 2019 to 2022, by country of destination (in 1,000s)

Expenditure of Italian outbound tourists 2007-2022

Total expenditure of Italian tourists abroad from 2007 to 2022 (in billion euros)

Expenditure of Italian outbound tourists 2019-2022, by destination

Expenditure of Italian outbound tourists from 2019 to 2022, by country of destination (in million euros)

Share of outbound holiday trips taken by Italians 2023, by purpose

Distribution of holiday trips abroad taken by Italian residents in 2023, by purpose of trip

Share of outbound holiday trips taken by Italians 2022, by destination type

Share of holiday trips abroad taken by Italian residents in 2022, by type of destination

Travel intentions of Italians in the next six months 2023, by destination

Share of individuals intending to travel in the next six months in Italy as of September 2023, by destination

Italian travelers' preferred European countries for trips in the next six months 2023

Preferred European countries for a trip in the next six months among travelers in Italy as of September 2023

Domestic tourism

• Premium Statistic Number of domestic trips in Italy 2014-2022
• Premium Statistic Domestic trips in Italy 2019-2022, by accommodation type
• Premium Statistic Overnight stays for domestic trips in Italy 2019-2022, by region of destination
• Premium Statistic Domestic business trips in Italy 2015-2022
• Premium Statistic Overnight stays during domestic business trips in Italy 2022, by destination
• Premium Statistic Number of same-day domestic trips in Italy 2019-2022, by purpose
• Basic Statistic Domestic tourism spending in Italy 2019-2022

Number of domestic trips in Italy 2014-2022

Number of domestic trips in Italy from 2014 to 2022 (in 1,000s)

Domestic trips in Italy 2019-2022, by accommodation type

Number of domestic trips in Italy from 2019 to 2022, by type of accommodation (in 1,000s)

Overnight stays for domestic trips in Italy 2019-2022, by region of destination

Number of overnight stays for domestic trips in Italy from 2019 to 2022, by region of destination (in 1,000s)

Domestic business trips in Italy 2015-2022

Number of trips by domestic business tourists in Italy from 2015 to 2022 (in 1,000s)

Overnight stays during domestic business trips in Italy 2022, by destination

Number of nights spent by domestic business tourists in Italy in 2022, by region of destination (in 1,000s)

Number of same-day domestic trips in Italy 2019-2022, by purpose

Number of same-day domestic trips in Italy from 2019 to 2022, by purpose (in 1,000s)

Domestic tourism spending in Italy 2019-2022

Domestic tourism expenditure in Italy in 2019 and 2022 (in billion euros)

Accommodation

• Premium Statistic Number of hotel and non-hotel accommodation in Italy 2019-2022
• Premium Statistic Number of hotels in Italy 2012-2022, by rating
• Premium Statistic Number of hotels in Italy 2022, by region
• Premium Statistic Revenue of the hotels industry in Italy 2019-2028
• Premium Statistic Leading international hotel chain brands in Italy 2022, by number of hotels
• Premium Statistic Leading domestic hotel chain brands in Italy 2022, by number of hotels
• Premium Statistic Number of bed and breakfasts in Italy 2010-2022
• Premium Statistic Number of agritourism establishments in Italy 2012-2022
• Premium Statistic Distribution of trips made by Italians 2023, by accommodation

Number of hotel and non-hotel accommodation in Italy 2019-2022

Number of hotel and non-hotel accommodation establishments in Italy from 2019 to 2022

Number of hotels in Italy 2012-2022, by rating

Number of hotel establishments in Italy from 2012 to 2022, by rating

Number of hotels in Italy 2022, by region

Number of hotel establishments in Italy in 2022, by region

Revenue of the hotels industry in Italy 2019-2028

Revenue of the hotels market in Italy from 2019 to 2028 (in billion U.S. dollars)

Leading international hotel chain brands in Italy 2022, by number of hotels

Leading international hotel chain brands in Italy in 2022, by number of hotels

Leading domestic hotel chain brands in Italy 2022, by number of hotels

Leading domestic hotel chain brands in Italy in 2022, by number of hotels

Number of bed and breakfasts in Italy 2010-2022

Number of bed and breakfasts in Italy from 2010 to 2022

Number of agritourism establishments in Italy 2012-2022

Number of agritourism establishments in Italy from 2012 to 2022

Distribution of trips made by Italians 2023, by accommodation

Distribution of trips taken by Italians in 2023, by type of accommodation

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Venice begins charging entry fees to curb mass tourism — here’s why residents are protesting in the streets.

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They want it gone-dola.

Venice began charging day trippers a 5 euro ($5.36) entry fee this week, reportedly in order to protect the UNESCO World Heritage Site from the adverse effects of over-tourism — but weary locals say the measure is just a drop in the bucket, and could end up sinking the struggling city.

Angry activists took to the streets, passageways and canals of the proud former maritime republic on Thursday to protest the new scheme, saying that Venice mayor Luigi Brugnaro — who commended his own, Marco Polo-level “bravery” in making the unprecedented move — has now turned one of the world’s most romantic destinations into little more than a “theme park,” The Guardian reported.

“I can tell you that almost the entire city is against it,” claimed Matteo Secchi, who leads Venessia.com, a residents’ activist group. “You can’t impose an entrance fee to a city; all they’re doing is transforming it into a theme park. This is a bad image for Venice … I mean, are we joking?”

Venice is the first major city in the world to take the step, at a time when popular destinations around the world — from Barcelona to America’s top national parks — suffer from overexposure.

Brugnaro hoped, he said, that the fee would make the city “livable” again. Constituents instead took to the streets on Thursday to protest, saying that real action is required to correct the various issues plaguing the city of canals.

Venice has lost more than 120,000 residents since the 1950s. The local population is now typically dwarfed by the many looky-loos who crowd onto the celebrated string of urbanized islands on a daily basis.

The fee can be paid online — the traveler will then receive a QR code that can be scanned at a number of strategic entry points. Tickets can be purchased on arrival if preferred, but random checks will be carried out and fines levied — between 50 and 300 euros — for those attempting to evade the pedestrian congestion charge.

For now, the fee will only apply on a string of peak days through mid-July, while the city evaluates the program. Locals, commuters, students and children under the age of 14 are exempt, as are those who can show an overnight hotel reservation.

A spokesperson for the council told reporters that 5,550 people had booked for Thursday, the inaugural date, bringing in roughly $30,000. While the city has denied the accusation that the fee is merely a cash grab, it has promised to cut taxes if the program takes root.

Critics contend that the fee won’t even scratch the surface of the real problems facing Venice .

Federica Toninello, leader of a local housing association: “They think this measure will solve the problem, but they haven’t really understood the consequences of mass tourism on a city like Venice.

“For a start, 5 euros will do nothing to deter people. But day trippers aren’t the issue; things like the shortage of affordable housing are … What we need are policies to help residents, for example, making rules to limit things like Airbnb .”

Others were sounding a more positive note.

“It will serve to collect fundamental data and help regulate tourist flows, which during certain periods of the year risking damaging a fragile city like Venice,” said Tommaso Sichero, the president of the association for Venice shop owners, in an interview with the Avvenire newspaper.

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Retire in Italy: everything you need to know

R etiring in Italy can be a dream for many people, thanks to its rich history, culture, stunning landscapes, delicious cuisine, and a relaxed lifestyle. However, like any international move, there are several factors to consider when planning to retire in Italy . Retirement in Italy for EU citizens in generally easier, but certainly not impossible for those from other countries. We have all the details in our guide on how to retire in Italy. 

The cost of living in Italy

Healthcare in italy, live in italy as a retiree, top 5 best places to retire, visa requirements in italy, pros of retiring in italy, cons of retiring in italy.

Is Italy an expensive country to live in? Answering this question is not easy, partly because it depends a lot on the goods and services you buy. Those who are thinking of going to live in Italy, especially pensioners, should be careful not to underestimate the cost of living as it has significantly increased over the last decade. Italy is a relatively expensive country compared to US standards and is one of the most expensive countries in Europe . That said, there is a large difference between the cost and the standard of living in the regions of Northern and Central Italy and the South, which is quite poor in comparison.

Unless you choose to live in the South or in a small inland town like Le Marche, famous metropolitan cities like Rome and Milan are more expensive, especially if you want to live on your own. Luxury and quality products such as cars are expensive, but food and drink tend to be cheaper. Research the cost of living in your preferred region to ensure it aligns with your budget.

Italy has a well-regarded healthcare system, and as a resident, you can access public healthcare. However, many retirees also opt for private health insurance to cover additional medical expenses and provide faster access to services. This is everything you need to know about healthcare in Italy for expats .

To live legally in Italy as a pensioner, you have to show that you still have an income. Retirement income can come from:

• Pension Social security cheques
• Real Estate investments
• Social Security cheques
• Other types of investment

Taxation may not be the same in Italy as in your country, so ask an accountant for advice on how best to manage your tax compliance both at home and in Italy. There are also certain  tax deductions for expats retiring to Italy . On the other hand, if you want to claim a state pension while you're in Italy from your home country, you have to apply to the  Italian National Social Security Institute ( Istituto Nazionale Previdenza Sociale  or INPS) and they will help you to automatically transfer the money.

Beyond the biggest cities in Italy like Rome, Florence and Milan , which are great choices for their quality lifestyle, architecture, history and transport links , the following regions are really popular with pensioners:

• Abruzzo : its strong point is definitely that it's cheaper than other areas of the country. Abruzzo is an amazing region with mountains, a coastline on the Adriatic Sea, plus plenty of national parks and nature.
• Puglia : a big region overlooking the Adriatic Sea also known as Apulia, it is the ideal choice for a retiree with an easygoing lifestyle and a love of seafood, beaches and waves. The cost of living is lower than in the rest of the country.

Check out our full guide on the best places to retire in Italy.  

Retiring in Italy as a foreigner, especially for EU citizens, is relatively uncomplicated in 2024, making it an appealing choice for retirees. However, if you're a non-European Union citizen, including those from the UK post-Brexit, the procedure becomes more complicated but certainly feasible. To retire in Italy, you must obtain an entry visa, a step that necessitates initiation at the Italian Embassy in your home country prior to relocation.

Foreigners who retire to Italy and draw their income from social security or a pension should apply for an elective residency Visa . It’s also a good idea to keep a valid passport from your home country.

Retiring in Italy: Pros and Cons

Retiring in Italy can offer a variety of benefits, but it also comes with its challenges. Here are some pros and cons to consider:

Cultural Richness: Italy boasts a rich cultural heritage, including art, history, music, and cuisine. Retiring in Italy allows you to immerse yourself in this vibrant culture.

Scenic Landscapes: From picturesque coastlines to historic cities and charming countryside, Italy offers diverse and beautiful landscapes that can be a delight to explore during retirement.

Healthcare: Italy has a well-regarded healthcare system, and residents can access public healthcare. Private healthcare options are also available for those who prefer additional coverage.

Culinary Delights: Italian cuisine is renowned worldwide, and retiring in Italy means you have easy access to delicious and authentic food.

Mild Climate: Many regions in Italy enjoy a Mediterranean climate with mild winters and warm summers, making it an attractive destination for those who prefer temperate weather.

Community Lifestyle: Italian communities often emphasise social connections, and retiring in smaller towns or villages can provide a close-knit and supportive environment.

Historical Sites: Italy is home to numerous historical landmarks and UNESCO World Heritage sites, providing ample opportunities for exploration and learning.

Bureaucracy: Dealing with Italian bureaucracy can be challenging and time-consuming. Navigating residency permits, healthcare paperwork, and other administrative tasks may require patience.

Language Barrier: While English is spoken in tourist areas, some regions may have a language barrier, especially in more rural locations. Learning Italian can be beneficial for daily life and integration.

Cost of Living: The cost of living in certain cities, especially popular ones like Rome and Milan, can be relatively high. Housing, dining, and other expenses may need careful budgeting.

Traffic and Transportation: Traffic congestion and limited parking are common issues in larger cities. Public transportation is efficient but may vary in availability in rural areas.

Economic Challenges: Italy has faced economic challenges, and this can impact job opportunities, especially for expatriates. It's essential to have a solid financial plan for retirement.

Healthcare System Differences: While Italy has a good healthcare system, there might be differences in procedures and practices compared to what you are accustomed to in your home country.

Before making a decision, carefully weigh these factors based on your personal preferences, lifestyle, and priorities. Visiting the country beforehand and seeking advice from expats who have already retired in Italy can provide valuable insights.

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Stewards check tourists QR code access outside the main train station in Venice, Italy, Thursday, April 25, 2024. The fragile lagoon city of Venice begins a pilot program Thursday to charge daytrippers a 5 euro entry fee that authorities hope will discourage tourists from arriving on peak days. The daytripper tax is being tested on 29 days through July, mostly weekends and holidays starting with Italy's Liberation Day holiday Thursday. Officials expect some 10,000 people will pay the fee to access the city on the first day, downloading a QR code to prove their payment, while another 70,000 will receive exceptions, for example, because they work in Venice or live in the Veneto region. (AP Photo/Luca Bruno)

VENICE – Under the gaze of the world’s media, the fragile lagoon city of Venice launched a pilot program Thursday to charge day-trippers a 5-euro ($5.35) entry fee that authorities hope will discourage visitors from arriving on peak days and make the city more livable for its dwindling residents.

Visitors arriving at Venice's main train station were greeted with large signs listing the 29 dates through July of the plan's test phase that also designated separate entrances for tourists, and residents, students and workers.

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“We need to find a new balance between the tourists and residents,’’ said Simone Venturini, the city’s top tourism official. “We need to safeguard the spaces of the residents, of course, and we need to discourage the arrival of day-trippers on some particular days.”

Not all residents, however, are persuaded of the efficacy of the new system in dissuading mass tourism , insisting that only a resurgence in the population will restore balance to a city where narrow alleyways and water buses are often clogged with tourists.

Hundreds of Venetians protested against the program, marching festively though the city's main bus terminal behind banners reading “No to Tickets, Yes to Services and Housing.” Protesters scuffled briefly with police with riot gear who blocked them from entering the city, before changing course and entering over another bridge escorted by plainclothes police officers. The demonstration wrapped up peacefully in a piazza.

Tourists arriving at the main station encountered almost as many journalists as stewards on hand to politely guide anyone unaware of the new requirements through the process of downloading the QR code to pay the fee.

Arianna Cecilia, a tourist from Rome visiting Venice for the first time, said she thought it was “strange” to have to pay to enter a city in her native country, and be funneled through separate entrance ways for tourists. She and her boyfriend were staying in nearby Treviso, and so downloaded the QR code as required. But she was still caught off-guard while soaking in her first view ever of Venice's canals by the sight of the entrance signs and her boyfriend telling her to get out the ticket.

On the other side of the entrance ways, workers in yellow vests carried out random checks at the train station. Transgressors face fines of 50 to 300 euros ($53 to $320), but officials said “common sense” was being applied for the launch.

The requirement applies only for people arriving between 8:30 a.m. and 4 p.m. Outside of those hours, access is free and unchecked.

Venice has long suffered under the pressure of overtourism, and officials hope that the pilot project can help provide more exact figures to better manage the phenomenon.

The city can track the number of hotel visitors, which last year numbered 4.6 million and is down 16% from pre-pandemic highs. But the number of day visitors, which make up the majority of the crowds in Venice, could only be estimated until recently.

A Smart Control Room set up during the pandemic has been tracking arrivals from cellphone data, roughly confirming pre-pandemic estimates of 25 million to 30 million arrivals a year, said Michele Zuin, the city’s top economic official. That includes both day-trippers and overnight guests.

But Zuin said the data is incomplete.

“It’s clear we will get more reliable data from the contribution” being paid by day-trippers, he said.

Venturini said the city is strained when the number of day-trippers reaches 30,000 to 40,000. On peak days, local police set up one-way traffic for pedestrians to keep the crowds moving.

Residents opposing the day-tripper tax insist that the solution to Venice's woes are to boost the resident population and the services they need, limiting short-term rentals to make available more housing and attract families back from the mainland.

Last year, Venice passed a telling milestone when the number of tourist beds exceeded for the first time the number of official residents, which is now below 50,000 in the historic center with its picturesque canals.

“Putting a ticket to enter a city will not decrease not even by one single unit the number of visitors that are coming,’’ said Tommaso Cacciari, an activist who organized a protest Thursday against the measure.

“You pay a ticket to take the metro, to go to a museum, an amusement park. You don’t pay a ticket to enter a city. This is the last symbolic step of a project of an idea of this municipal administration to kick residents out of Venice,” he said.

Venice Mayor Luigi Brugnaro declared the launch day, coinciding with an Italian holiday, a success, registering 15,700 paying visitors, 50% more than anticipated.

More than 97,000 others had downloaded a QR code denoting an exemption, including to work in Venice or as a resident of the Veneto region. Hotels in Venice, including in mainland districts like Marghera or Mestre, provided a QR code for visitors to attest to their stay, which includes a hotel tax — accounting for 40,000 of those.

Venturini, the tourist official, said that interest in Venice’s pilot program has been keen from other places suffering from mass tourism, including other Italian art cities, and municipalities abroad such as Barcelona, Spain, and Amsterdam.

But Marina Rodino, who has lived in Venice for 30 years, doesn't see the fee as the cure-all. Neighboring apartments in her residential building near the famed Rialto Bridge once inhabited by families are now short-term apartment rentals.

The corner butcher shop closed. Yet she noted that the new entrance fee requirement will still allow young people to flood the city in the evening for the traditional aperitivo, which can grow rowdy.

She was passing out mock European Union passports for “Venice, Open City,” underlining the irony of the new system, and challenging its legal standing with citations from the Italian Constitution guaranteeing its citizens the right to “move or reside freely in any part of the national territory."

“This is not a natural oasis. This is not a museum. It is not Pompeii. It is a city, where we need to fight so the houses are inhabited by families, and stores reopen. That is what would counter this wild tourism,’’ Rodino said.

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