noita long distance travel wand

Guide To Wand Mechanics

• View history
• 1 A Basic Guide to Wand Mechanics
• 2 The Casting Order for the two wand types
• 3 Adding Spell Modifiers
• 4.1 Multicast Shufflers
• 5 Adding Triggers and Timers
• 6 Putting it all together
• 7 Critical hit stacking
• 8 In Summary

A Basic Guide to Wand Mechanics [ ]

This is a guide on customizing Wands in Noita. In this article we'll cover some simple methods and concepts. If you have no idea how wands work, this guide is for you.

If you have any programming experience, the mechanics will likely seem somewhat familiar, as they have similarities with procedural programming.

The Casting Order for the two wand types [ ]

A non-shuffle wand casts spells in order from left to right, in its simplest form casting one spell at a time until all spells have been cast and the wand recharges and starts over.

This sequence would first cast an Energy Orb , then a Bouncing Burst , a Spark Bolt and lastly a Magic Bolt . Then the wand goes into recharge mode, and then starts over from the beginning. The sequence also resets to the beginning after equipping another item and re-equipping the wand; any recharge time can be avoided by performing such a switch before the last spell on the wand is cast. This can functionally increase the fire rate of a wand with high recharge time. (This can be made easier by rebinding the keys for switching to certain items and wands.)

A shuffle wand randomizes the order of spells before casting them. The shuffle wand behaves like a non-shuffle wand with a randomly ordered spell sequence.

In the above example, a shuffle wand would make a list with the same 4 spells in a random order, and cast in the randomized order. This will look like 1 of these 4 spells being cast, then 1 of the 3 remaining spells, then 1 of the 2 remaining spells, and finally the last remaining spell.

Adding Spell Modifiers [ ]

Adding spell modifiers causes the spells to gain additional properties. These effects only apply to the spell to the right of the modifier (with certain exceptions).

In this example (for a non-shuffle wand):

• The wand would first cast an Energy Orb without any effects.
• Then it would fire a Bouncing Burst affected by the Speed Up modifier.
• Finally, it would cast a Spark Bolt with both Damage Plus and Fire Trail applied.

Modifiers proceed left to right and stop when they reach an actual spell. (Modifier + modifier + modifier + spell = spell with three modifiers)

Adding Multicast Modifiers [ ]

A Multicast is a modifier that affects how many spells are cast at once.

In this example a normal non-shuffle wand will read (from left to right) a Triple Spell , and then cast the following 3 spells ( Energy Orb , Bouncing Burst , and Spark Bolt ) all at once. Then the wand recharges and starts over.

Multicast Shufflers [ ]

A shuffle wand follows the same rules, just with the spells randomly ordered first. Using the wand above as an example we'll get a random list containing these 4 spells.

If the first spell of the list happens to be the multicast, then it would cast just like the non-shuffle wand.

If the multicast is the second spell instead, the first cast will shoot one of the 3 projectiles ( Spark Bolt , in this example), then it would shoot all 3 of the projectiles. Multicast modifiers can "wrap" around the end of the spell list if necessary to get enough spells to cast themselves, subject to certain conditions. This phenomenon is described more in the Advanced Guide.

If this happens, then the following events would happen in order.

• read slot 1 and cast Spark Bolt
• read slot 2 and cast Triple Spell
• since Triple Spell is being cast, the next 3 available spells will be cast: Bouncing Burst , Energy Orb , the list ends here, but we are lacking 1 spell, so the wand wraps/loops to the start and casts Spark Bolt as well.
• since the wand now has cast all spells in it, it'll reset.

Adding Triggers and Timers [ ]

For many spells in Noita it's useful to be able to cast spells from a distance, and sometimes it's downright suicidal not to. (Spells that explode will also damage you, for example. ) For this purpose the game has spells marked with the Trigger or the Timer effect. Both cause another spell to be cast at the location of the projectile. Triggers cast another spell when the trigger projectile hits something, and timers cast another spell when the timer projectile has existed for a certain amount of time. Trigger and timer spells are similar to Multicast and Modifier spells in how they interact with the wand.

Triggers and timers behave the same aside from when they cast the next spell, so this guide will only cover triggers, though the same advice applies to timers.

Here's our example (non-shuffle) wand for this topic:

This wand casts its spells as follows:

• First, an Energy Sphere
• Then a Spark Bolt with Trigger , casting an Energy Orb at the spark bolt's location once its condition is met: hitting an enemy or solid object.
• Finally, a Spitter Bolt
• Recharge and start over

As seen above it takes 3 casts to reset the wand. When the Sparkbolt with Trigger is used, it brings with it the Energy Orb, in a similar manner to how a Double Cast would. The main difference between a Double Cast and the trigger is where (and when) the energy orb is being shot from. You can imagine it as if the Spark Bolt with Trigger creates its own little miniature wand (containing only the Energy Orb) which it uses when it hits something.

Now, for the shuffle wand, as always it'll make a list containing the spell in a random order. When the trigger spell is cast it'll bring the next spell in the list with it as described in the Non-shuffle example.

Using the same wand as above, the random list on it could become the following:

• Cast Spitter Bolt
• Cast Energy Orb
• Cast Energy Sphere
• Cast Spark Bolt with Trigger , wrap into the spitter bolt from before.

Exercise caution when using dangerous close-ranged spells in a shuffle wand. A shuffle wand containing Spark Bolt with Trigger and Explosion , for example, might cast an explosive projectile, or it might cast the explosion at point blank range and cause damage to the player.

Putting it all together [ ]

Here are a few examples of what you might actually want to build in-game.

Wand Type: non-shuffle

Since this wand has frontloaded modifiers, it casts slightly differently than previous wands. The aim of this wand is to shoot something which will deal damage over a large area wherever it hits--a 'bomb' of sorts. This wand first fires a plain Magic Arrow with Trigger that, when hitting a target, bursts into 3 separate Bubble Sparks with a Fire Trail (this is different from a Burning Trail ) pouring from them. The Triple Scatter modifier adds +10 degree to each bubble (which on their own have +23 degree spread already), causing all bubbles to fly wide, ensuring maximum area effect. The spells used have fairly low mana cost. This is a reasonable early game wand.

But decent non-shuffle wands can be hard to find early on, so you could also build something like this:

Wand type: Shuffle

This wand has a few different ways its spell sequence can turn up. The wand itself will take 2-3 casts between each recharge. On the first cast, it has a chance of shooting a normal Spark Bolt , a burning Spark Bolt, two normal Spark Bolts, or two burning Spark Bolts. Shuffle wands are harder to work with, but they generally offer higher stats compared to non-shuffle wands. The golden wands frequently found in the Mines can be used to make some fast firing wands, for example.

An important note about shuffle wands: if the wands Spells per Cast stat is higher than the amount of projectile spells on the wand, it'll cast the same way as a non-shuffle wand (assuming no triggers) because it'll cast the entire list in one click.

Here's another:

This one gives Triplicate Bolt a chance being fired inside an enemy hit by putting Spark Bolt with Trigger on the wand. The regular Spark Bolts make the fire rate more consistent but reduce the chance of Triplicate Bolt being fired by the trigger.

In general, the way you deal with shuffle wands is to either increase the odds of getting the wand to do what you want (by for example putting multiple copies of the same spell on the wand) or by making it only have 1 option (by using less projectiles than the Spells per Cast stat or just using one projectile spell and no modifiers).

On wands with 1 spell per cast, you can add Multicasts to increase the chance of applying modifiers to your spell. As modifiers do not change the amount of casts per recharge, they can't be ignored for the purpose of probability calculations.

Critical hit stacking [ ]

The critical hit multipliers add together. A detailed explanation is in this video:

In Summary [ ]

Wand building is one of the best aspects of Noita, but can also be one of the most confusing until you figure out the system behind it. It is our hope that with this guide, every player will know how to make the most of the spells and wands they find in the game and utilize them to make some crazy god-wand that will carry them to the endgame.

If you read all this and want to know more, you can head on over to the Advanced Guide to Wand Mechanics , which goes into far more detail (covering topics like wand stats, machine-gun wand-building, and innate multicast and Always Cast spell interactions).

See Also [ ]

• Advanced Guide To Wand Mechanics

• + Share Wand

Noita Cheat Sheet is an experimental learning tool for the video game Noita by Nolla Games . Quickly view Noita spells and perks, and explore user uploaded example wands showcasing their Noita wand crafting abilities.

All artwork and game assets are lovingly used and are not the property of this website.

NoitaCheatSheet is a work in progress, if you would like to help, suggest ideas (there's so many!), or just say hi (knowing that people like and use the site provides a lot of motivation!), you can reach out to me at Shrug#6348 on Discord.

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How long did it take to get from Moscow to St. Petersburg throughout the centuries? (INFOGRAPHICS)

Russian Railways recently announced a new speed train railway between Moscow and St. Petersburg will be launched by late 2027. The journey is expected to take just 2.5 hours in total (with an estimated 2 hours 15 minutes ride time without stops). As of today, the project is going to break a record in terms of the duration of a journey between the two capitals. So, how long did it take to travel from “the northern capital” to Moscow (and vice versa) in the different epochs?

In 1703, Peter the Great founded St. Petersburg and transferred the Russian capital there. The city began to develop, with its population swiftly growing, but a great many noble families continued on living in Moscow. Additionally, the main orthodox cathedrals, where tsars were crowned and buried , remained there. So, Peter the Great would make the journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow and back by horse carriage, making it the most frequently used route for centuries.

Alexander Orlovsky. Journey in a kibitka (carriage with tent). Litography, 19th century

In the 18th century, the journey took on average four and half to six or more days . To a great extent, it depended on weather conditions; for instance, it took the least amount of time to glide on winter ice and snow. Empress Elizabeth of Russia held the record in the 18th century for the shortest journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow.

Elizabeth's sledge

In 1742, it took her and her entourage merely three days to reach her coronation place in a sledge. They rode quite a few horses to death at that time, traveling only during the day and resting at night.

One could reach the destination fast enough with a troika , pulled by three horses, as they developed a speed of 45-50 km/h. However, not everyone could afford such a ride, most often going for a pair of horses or just one.  

During the off-season, in spring and fall, the road was covered with impassable mud and it cost more and took longer to travel along it. “ No less than six days did I wend my way along a filthy road, arriving in St. Petersburg half dead,” Alexander Pushkin wrote in his sketch ‘The Journey from Moscow to Petersburg’. All in all, the poet traveled between the cities over 20 times: in a tilt cart or by changing horses (a sort of “horse sharing”, when one would change horses at post stations) or in his own comfortable carriage.

Nikolai Sverchkov. A Landowner on the Road. 1855

In 1820, the first “public transport” emerged, namely stagecoaches, which could carry 4-12 passengers and ran between the cities according to a schedule. The journey in a stagecoach took about 4.5 days .

Back in 1834, the first “even highway” between the cities was built: part of the road was paved with stone, while the rest was covered with pebble stone. Pushkin made up his mind to test it and reached the destination - in merely four days!

The first railway

The mid-19th century saw a real technical breakthrough. In 1842, Nicholas I signed an order to build a railway between Moscow and St. Petersburg. Years earlier, the first railroad in Russia had been built, connecting St. Petersburg with its suburb, Tsarskoye Selo. Regular trains started running between St. Petersburg and Moscow in 1851, with the journey taking 21 hours 45 minutes . After Nicholas I’s death, the railroad adopted his name - Nikolaevskaya - and, in Soviet times, it was renamed Oktyabrskaya, as we know it today.

The railroad in Tver, early 20th century

It became incredibly trendy to travel between the cities by train. It’s not by chance that, in the 1870s, Leo Tolstoy wrote his novel ‘Anna Karenina’, where the railway was a significant part of the narration .

In the USSR, the importance of railways was fully acknowledged, with focus put on reducing the time of a journey. In the 1920s, passenger trains between the two capitals traveled for 15 hours on average. Back in 1920, an experimental electric train managed to cover the distance in just 12 hours . In 1931, the first Soviet express train was launched, reaching the destination in a record-breaking ten hours . In the 1960s, the focus shifted from locomotives to the electric haulage, which made it possible for an electric train to accelerate to 130 km/h instead of the average 70.

In 1984, the speedy ER200 electric train covered the distance from Leningrad to Moscow in five hours 20 minutes and, later, in as little as four hours 59 minutes . It could reach speeds of up to 200 km/h. However, there were only two such trains, which ran three times a week and cost a lot to maintain and, thus, were not mass-produced. Soviet people preferred regular passenger trains to them. In 2009, the ER200 ran for the last time, giving way to the high-speed ‘Sapsan’ train.

What’s there nowadays?

Sapsan high-speed express trains

These days, a plane covers the distance between Moscow and St. Petersburg in merely 1.5 hours . Yet, taking into account the journey to the airport and then from it in the city of destination, as well as the fact one has to arrive at the airport in advance, many prefer to travel by rail. A good thing is that there always are a plethora of options to choose from: over 30 trains run between the cities daily.

Journey time on express trains is seven to 10 hours , with the length mostly depending on the number of stops. The eight-hour journey was immortalized in a popular 1995 song by Maxim Leonidov  - ‘From Petersburg to Moscow’, featuring the following lines: “Just eight hours without sleep/from Petersburg to Moscow”.

Journey time on the Soviet ‘Red Arrow’ train also roughly takes eight hours . There are also a number of different express trains: For instance, the journey on the Nevsky Express takes four hours and four minutes . The fast Lastochka electric train covers the distance in 5.5-6.5 hours , whereas the journey on the fastest train - the ‘Sapsan’ takes only three hours 50 minutes .

Road signs on the M-11 Moscow-to-St Petersburg Motorway in Moscow Region

For many years, apart from the railway, the old tsar road was used for traveling on horses and then, in cars. In 1958, asphalt was added, with the road becoming known as highway M10. It is typically possible to cover the distance of 684 kilometers in ten hours . Most of the road goes through villages and towns, where a speed limit of 40-60 km/h applies.

In 2019, the express M11 ‘Neva’ toll highway was unveiled. The journey takes around five hours , with most parts having a 130 km/h speed limit. A small section of the highway in the vicinity of Tver is still being built, which forces the route to travel through residential areas. 

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Guide: spell synergy.

A list of spell combinations, usually two to four spells, which create surprisingly good results.

• 1 Trigger + Payload
• 2 Ping Pong, Luminous Drill
• 3 Explosive Projectile and a Material Spell
• 4 Homing Rock
• 5 Proximity Explosive
• 6 Velocity-sensitive spells
• 7 Criticals
• 8 Chaotic Transmutation and Plasma
• 9 Healing and Teleport
• 10 Long Distance Cast, Teleport
• 11.1 See also
• 12 External links

Trigger + Payload

The source of damage (i.e. the payload) can be placed inside a trigger to cast it at a range.

Chainsaws are normally only short range. A trigger can be used to cast them at a distance to do fairly decent damage.

It can be quite effective to place multiple projectiles inside a payload. They will all hit the enemy simultaneously. In this case, the damage plus is applied to each of the chainsaws.

An example using orbiting arc to increase damage and heavy spread, digging blast and digging bolt to reduce recharge time.

Ping Pong, Luminous Drill

Ping-Pong path increases the lifetime of luminous drill at no additional mana cost. This turns an otherwise very close range digging/damage wand into a powerful long range one. Any other spell or perk that increases lifetime will also create interesting results: Phasing Arc , Increase Lifetime , Orbiting Arc , Spiral Arc , Bouncing Spells and Boomerang Spells

Explosive Projectile and a Material Spell

Explosive Projectile creates surprisingly high damage explosions on certain projectiles which causes trick kills. See Explosive Projectile for more information on the modifier's awesome but glitchy behavior.

Homing Rock

Rocks deal physics damage and cause trick kills. Accelerative homing is ideal for the extra speed, but in practice homing is also good. Adding one of the "thrower" modifiers cause the rocks to expire for easy clean up and deal more damage. See Guide To Homing for more homing ideas.

Proximity Explosive

The slimeball creates a hole in the large explosive box that is big enough for the rock spirit. Acid ball will also work instead of slime ball. The rock spirit can home towards enemies somewhat and will explode when in proximity or when its lifetime expires. Warning: highly dangerous without immunity perks; this one is not very practical.

Velocity-sensitive spells

Five spells will deal more damage the more they accelerate: Bouncing Burst , Arrow , Disc Projectile , Energy Sphere and Infestation .

Heavy Shot helps reduce the initial speed. Accelerative Homing can be used instead of, or in addition to, Accelerating Shot . Some more complex high damage wands build on this concept.

Chaotic Transmutation and Plasma

Chaotic Transmutation removes the beam on plasma spells rendering it harmless towards you but not for enemies. Caution is advised as transmuted liquids may be dangerous.

Healing and Teleport

One of many setups for using healing bolt. Works better with some way to make healing bolt infinite. See: Advanced Guide: Introduction to Greek Letter Spells

Long Distance Cast, Teleport

Long distance cast ignores terrain allowing us to teleport through thin enough walls.

Small Teleport Bolt can be substituted with other forms of teleport such as Return Spell. Nolla limits the lifetime of spells to 2 frames so the teleport bolt has time to move slightly. This only really matters with later wands such as blackhole teleport wands.

See something missing or a better way to organize this information? Please contribute your ideas!

• Machine Gun Wands
• Warp Cast, Touch of(s)
• Expert Guide: Long Distance Travel
• Guide To Homing
• Note spells#Using Notes as attack spells
• Wand Refresh and any limited-use spells

External links

• noitacheatsheet.com - examples of many spell-combinations. (Does not include many late-version spells)
• Pages with wand templates

The flight time from United States to Moscow, Russia is:

11 hours, 24 minutes.

Change your flying speed:

mph     knots     km/h    

take-off and landing: minutes

Flight map from United States to Moscow, Russia

Open this map directly on Google Maps .

More trip calculations

• Reverse Flying Time
• airports near Moscow, Russia
• Driving Time
• Hotels near Moscow, Russia
• Time Difference

Flying time from United States to Moscow, Russia

The total flight duration from United States to Moscow, Russia is 11 hours, 24 minutes .

This assumes an average flight speed for a commercial airliner of 500 mph, which is equivalent to 805 km/h or 434 knots. It also adds an extra 30 minutes for take-off and landing. Your exact time may vary depending on wind speeds.

If you're planning a trip, remember to add more time for the plane to taxi between the gate and the airport runway. This measurement is only for the actual flying time. You should also factor in airport wait times and possible equipment or weather delays. If you're trying to figure out what time you'll arrive at the destination, you may want to see if there's a time difference between United States and Moscow, Russia .

The calculation of flight time is based on the straight line distance from United States to Moscow, Russia ("as the crow flies"), which is about 5,446 miles or 8 764 kilometers .

Your trip begins in the United States. It ends in Moscow, Russia.

Your flight direction from United States to Moscow, Russia is Northeast (24 degrees from North).

The flight time calculator measures the average flight duration between points. It uses the great circle formula to compute the travel mileage.

United States

Related links.

• airports in United States
• cities in United States

Moscow, Russia

• airlines serving Moscow, Russia
• hotels near Moscow, Russia
• cities near Moscow, Russia

Flight time calculator

Travelmath provides an online flight time calculator for all types of travel routes. You can enter airports, cities, states, countries, or zip codes to find the flying time between any two points. The database uses the great circle distance and the average airspeed of a commercial airliner to figure out how long a typical flight would take. Find your travel time to estimate the length of a flight between airports, or ask how long it takes to fly from one city to another.

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