peanuts mayflower voyage

This Is America, Charlie Brown

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Image of the Paramount Home Entertainment 2006 DVD release of This is America, Charlie Brown .

This is America, Charlie Brown is an eight-part educational animated cartoon series featuring characters from the Peanuts comic strip by Charles M. Schulz . The series originally aired on CBS from October 21, 1988 to May 23, 1989.

The series featured the Peanuts characters learning about events and people from American history. Due to the necessity of depicting important historical characters, This is America, Charlie Brown is one of the few Peanuts animated cartoons, along with the movie Bon Voyage, Charlie Brown (And Don't Come Back!!) and the TV specials What Have We Learned, Charlie Brown? , It's the Girl in the Red Truck, Charlie Brown , Snoopy's Reunion and It's the Pied Piper, Charlie Brown , to depict adults ' faces; something that never happened in the Peanuts comic strip.

Most episodes of the series have not been rerun on television in the United States. However, since 2008, the first episode, The Mayflower Voyagers , has been aired immediately following A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving .

• 2 Voice cast
• 4 External links

Episodes [ ]

• " The Mayflower Voyagers " (aired October 21, 1988)
• " The Birth of the Constitution " (aired October 28, 1988)
• " The Wright Brothers at Kitty Hawk " (aired November 4, 1988, features the character of Linus' cousin Dolly )
• " The NASA Space Station " (aired November 11, 1988)
• " The Building of the Transcontinental Railroad " (aired February 10, 1989)
• " The Great Inventors " (aired March 10, 1989)
• " The Smithsonian and the Presidency " (aired April 18, 1989)
• " The Music and Heroes of America " (aired May 23, 1989)

Voice cast [ ]

• Erin Chase : Charlie Brown  (1988–1989)
• Brandon Stewart : Linus van Pelt  (1988–1989)
• Erica Gayle : Lucy van Pelt  (1988–1989)
• Brittany Thornton : Sally Brown  (1988–1989)
• Jason Mendelson : Peppermint Patty  (1988–1989)
• Curtis Andersen : Schroeder  (1989)
• Tani Taylor Powers : Marcie  (1988)
• Marie Cole :  Marcie  (1989)
• Hakeem Abdul-Samad :  Franklin  (1989)
• Gregg Berger : Jonathan "John" Krusei / Miles Standish / Orville Wright / Additional Adult Voices (1988–1989)
• Frank Welker : Abraham Lincoln / Thomas Edison / Alexander Graham Bell / Theodore Roosevelt / Wilbur Wright / Additional Adult Voices (1988-1989)
• Hal Smith : Delegate / John Muir (1988–1989)
• Bill Melendez : Snoopy and Woodstock
• Jason Riffle : Charlie Brown (in "The Birth of the Constitution" episode)
• Ami Foster : Lucy van Pelt (in "The Birth of the Constitution" episode)
• Jeremy Miller  : Linus van Pelt (in "The Birth of the Constitution" episode)
• Keri Houlihan : Marcie (in "The Birth of the Constitution" episode)
• Christina Lange : Sally Brown (in "The Birth of the Constitution" episode)
• Grant Gelt : Franklin (in "The NASA Space Station" episode)
• Brandon Horne as Cousin Dolly
• Peter Robbins  as Charlie Brown's screams (in "The NASA Space Station" episode)
• Each episode receives a Special Thanks credit in the end credits.

External links [ ]

• This is America, Charlie Brown on the Internet Movie Database.
• 1 List of Peanuts characters
• 2 Lucy van Pelt
• 3 Charlie Brown

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THIS IS AMERICA CHARLIE BROWN: THE MAYFLOWER VOYAGERS

SUBJECTS — U.S./1629 – 1750;

MORAL-ETHICAL EMPHASIS — Respect.

AGE : 7 – 11; No MPAA Rating;

Animated; 24 minutes; 1988; Color. Available from Amazon.com .

Benefits of the Movie Possible Problems Parenting Points

Selected Awards & Cast Helpful Background Discussion Questions

Moral-Ethical Emphasis Assignments and Projects Links to the Internet

DESCRIPTION

The Peanuts characters become Pilgrims on the Mayflower and endure the first difficult winter on Plymouth Plantation.

SELECTED AWARDS & CAST

Selected Awards: None.

Featured Actors: None.

Director: Evert Brown.

BENEFITS OF THE MOVIE

This short film will introduce children to the Pilgrims, their voyage on the Mayflower and the first year of the Plymouth Plantation.

Children will enjoy this film even if they are not familiar with the Peanuts characters.

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS

MINOR. This film perpetuates the inaccurate myth of the first Thanksgiving.

PARENTING POINTS

Your child will be intrigued to learn that this cartoon has some relationship to real events. Review the Helpful Background section and talk about the Pilgrims. You will not be able to cover everything but do the best you can. Immediately after the movie, or at odd times over the next week (for example at the dinner table or in the car on the way to school) bring up some of the Discussion Questions, starting with the Quick Discussion Question in the sidebar. Don’t worry if you can only get through a few questions. Just taking the film seriously and discussing it is the key. Allow your child to watch the movie several times and continue to ask and help him or her answer more discussion questions.

HELPFUL BACKGROUND

To enhance the educational value of this film, parents need only watch the film with their children and comment on two or three of the points. Some additional background is set out below.

In England, at the time of the voyage of the Mayflower, the King was the head of the Church of England. It was considered treason to dissent from the views of the established church. To avoid the repressive policies of the English government, the Puritans first emigrated to Holland. While they were not persecuted in Holland, they could not prosper. In addition, the Puritans never intended to lose their English heritage. When they saw their children adopting Dutch ways and when they realized that they would never be able to advance economically in Holland, the Puritans decided to leave and try life in a different location.

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

Quick discussion question:.

Why is religious freedom important?

Suggested Response:

Respect for another person as a human being is the basis for religious freedom.

1. Click here for Standard Questions Suitable for Any Film .

2. Why did the Puritans leave Britain?

MORAL-ETHICAL EMPHASIS (CHARACTER COUNTS)

Discussion Questions Relating to Ethical Issues will facilitate the use of this film to teach ethical principles and critical viewing. Additional questions are set out below.

(Treat others with respect; follow the Golden Rule; Be tolerant of differences; Use good manners, not bad language; Be considerate of the feelings of others; Don’t threaten, hit or hurt anyone; Deal peacefully with anger, insults, and disagreements)

1. What does religious freedom have to do with respect?

2. Why is religious freedom important?

3. Why didn’t the British government just leave the Puritans alone?

ASSIGNMENTS, PROJECTS & ACTIVITIES

See Assignments, Projects, and Activities for Use With Any Film that is a Work of Fiction .

LINKS TO THE INTERNET

• Caleb Johnson’s Mayflower Web Pages ;
• Plimoth Plantation .

• Cast & crew
• User reviews

Episode list

This is america, charlie brown.

S1.E1 ∙ The Mayflower Voyagers

S1.E2 ∙ The Birth of the Constitution

S1.E3 ∙ The Wright Brothers at Kitty Hawk

S1.E4 ∙ The NASA Space Station

S1.E5 ∙ The Building of the Transcontinental Railroad

S1.E6 ∙ The Great Inventors

S1.E7 ∙ The Smithsonian and the Presidency

S1.E8 ∙ The Music and Heroes of America

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Product details

• Is Discontinued By Manufacturer ‏ : ‎ No
• Package Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 7.5 x 4.1 x 1.1 inches; 4.8 ounces
• Director ‏ : ‎ Sam Jaimes
• Run time ‏ : ‎ 24 minutes
• Release date ‏ : ‎ June 25, 1996
• Date First Available ‏ : ‎ December 7, 2006
• Actors ‏ : ‎ Erin Chase, Brandon Stewart, Erica Gayle, Brittany Thornton, Grant Gelt
• Studio ‏ : ‎ Paramount
• Producers ‏ : ‎ Bill Melendez, Lee Mendelson
• ASIN ‏ : ‎ 6303152767
• Writers ‏ : ‎ Charles M. Schulz, Lee Mendelson
• #3,791 in Children's Music (CDs & Vinyl)

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Fact-checking “This is America, Charlie Brown: The Mayflower Voyagers”

The year is 1988, and we are living in Reagan’s America. Public schools across the country struggled with segregation and the rising concept of standardized tests, and college tuition was purposefully increased so only the very rich could afford it. The country waited to learn who would secede the popular actor-turned-politician: Vice President George Bush or Senator Michael Dukakis.

We’re two years gone from Chornobyl, the Challenger disaster, and the fall of The Berlin Wall. The musical Carrie , a high school horror story by Stephen King, shared the limelight on Broadway with M. Butterfly and The Phantom of the Opera.

That’s where we find ourselves on October 21, 1988, when “This is America, Charlie Brown” premieres, and the lovable Peanuts gang dutifully boards the Mayflower.

You could say the Mayflower television special sparked this whole Critical Curious Kids endeavor.

We’d been living in China for over a year, and Thanksgiving was coming. My kids were so young they had no recollection of Thanksgiving in the United States and asked questions about it that led us, predictably, to the internet. I found “ The Mayflower Voyagers ,” and I warned them it would be interesting but may not show us the whole truth. 

“Mommy,” my then 6-year-old said. “If they say anything not true, I want you to pause the show and tell us the truth.”

This began our family habit of simultaneous fact-checking any historical media.

I started writing this as a review, but there’s not much entertainment value or even artistic content to discuss. It’s unique in the Peanuts canon because we see and hear the adults, though the children drive the small semblance of a story forward. 

But entertainment is not the point of “The Mayflower Voyagers;” the point is to solidify the American myth that the Pilgrims were the beginning of American history, First Nations or Jamestown be damned. The National Endowment of the Humanities even calls it America’s Creation Story, which is such an amazing perspective that I’m stealing it. Historian Blake Scott Ball described the television special as a “unique blend of conservative Christian traditionalism and progressive historical revision” in his fascinating book Charlie Brown’s America: The Popular Politics of Peanuts (Oxford University Press, 2021).

Although prayer and religion were the undercurrents of many of his holiday specials, this television miniseries stands out in that regard. Even so, Biographer Stephen J. Lind states in his book  A Charlie Brown Religion that Schultz was quick to warn against Patriot = Christian:

“Denying that belief in God was important to historical or contemporary Americans would be naive, even delusional. Those religions that rotated the equation, however, making their own particular religious faith synonymous with and necessary for patriotism, were a dangerous and misguided breed.

‘I am very fearful of a church which equates itself with Americanism,’ Sparky [Schultz’s nickname since birth] once said. ‘This is a frightening trend – people who regard Christianity and Americanism as being virtually the same thing.’ ” 

Rather than try to review it, I’ll share an annotated, fact-checked version of “This is America: The Mayflower Voyagers.” I was honestly surprised to see some educational moments in the story, especially around illnesses and tracking storms then and now. It’s also not a bad way to introduce your kids to the idea that even if our history books are based on truthful events, classrooms across the United States still teach American mythologies as history. 

Fact-checking “The Mayflower Voyagers,” Charlie Brown

Claim 1: ”128 years since Columbus discovered America”

Fact: It’s hard to know where to start with this statement. The dates may be correct, but of course, it’s that word “discovered” that we need to parse The History Channel offers a pretty decent summation of the reality of this mythology: Columbus “stumbled upon the Americas and whose journeys marked the beginning of centuries of transatlantic colonization.”

Talk to Kids About: History is written by people, and most often the victors. In school you’ll be taught that Christopher Columbus discovered America as part of a grand plan to not only assure the world that the world is not flat, but as part of a glorious age of discovery. He was really on a quest to increase his own fortunes and spread Christianity to bring about the apocalypse, to be exact. 

I have to stop there or I’ll have nothing to say about Columbus Day, usually properly replaced by Indigenous Peoples Day in the sane parts of the United States. 

Claim 2: “Pilgrims, leaving to seek religious freedom”

Claim 3: “English merchants will finance the journey and share any profits from new settlement with Pilgrims.”

Fact: I tied these together because they both tell part of the truth. Not all those on the Mayflower sought religious freedom.In fact, they had already traveled from England to Holland in search of their religious freedom. Once there, however, the Pilgrims weren’t satisfied with the money they were making and thought they could try to recreate the financial success of the Jamestown colony in Virginia. That was actually their original destination until weather intervened

Props to the writers for including the information about English merchants, but the London Adventurers didn’t just finance the journey. According to History.com, only about “three dozen church members made their way back to England, where they were joined by about 70 entrepreneurs–enlisted by the London stock company to ensure the success of the enterprise.” 

An interesting wrinkle to the narrative of the entire Mayflower being Pilgrims, is the religious individuals tried to separate themselves from the “sinners,” as they referred to the English businessmen. Greg Garrison said in his 2017 article “Native Americans welcomed immigrant Pilgrims in the first Thanksgiving” that it “wasn’t until conditions got really rough and they were done to 50 people total that “they had all been humbled by burying friends and relying on the natives, who helped them find enough food to live…The distinction between saints and strangers faded.

Sinners aren’t so bad when they feed you, I suppose.

Final counts:

Saints/Religious refugees: 36ish ( History.com )/44 (AL.com)

Sinners/London merchants: 70ish v( History.com )/66 (AL.com

Claim 2.5: Calling the people on The Mayflower “Pilgrims”

The term “Pilgrim” was not used to describe the Plymouth colonists until the early 19th century and was derived from a manuscript in which Governor Bradford spoke of the “saints” who left Holland as “pilgrimes.” The orator Daniel Webster spoke of “Pilgrim Fathers” at a bicentennial celebration of Plymouth’s founding in 1820, and thereafter the term entered common usage. ( History.com )

Talk to Kids About: Some history was written or re-written to expand upon the story the writers want to tell. It’s often based in the truth that then gets stretched to tell a larger, more virtuous story. Which sounds better: everyone on The Mayflower was fleeing persecution for their religious beliefs, or they’d found an element of religious freedom in another country but wanted to make more money, so set sail? Which story elicits more sympathy?

Points to the Peanuts special for laying that more factual aspect of their journey into the special. I grew up in New England and visited Plimouth Plantation every year on field trips and didn’t know that.

Let’s also note, however, that religious freedom seemed to only be a priority if related to their religious freedom, as is so often the case.  Smithsonian Magazine details how “the Puritan fathers of the Massachusetts Bay Colony did not countenance tolerance of opposing religious views. Their “city upon a hill” was a theocracy that brooked no dissent, religious or political.”

Religious freedom for me, Intolerance for you, as they say.

Claim 4: “arrive at a virtual wilderness”

Fact: This detail about their first stop in Provincetown was added likely to increase the suffering that the Mayflower travelers experienced while holding them up as frontiersmen, as adventurers who created something beautiful out of land that wasn’t in use. Historian David J. Silverman told a different story in his 2019  New York Times piece , “The Vicious Reality Behind the Thanksgiving Myth.”

“The Pilgrims did not enter an empty wilderness ripe for the taking. Human civilization in the Americas was every bit as ancient and rich as in Europe. That is why Wampanoag country was full of villages, roads, cornfields, monuments, cemeteries and forests cleared of underbrush. Generations of Native people had made it that way, expecting to pass along their land to their descendants.” (Silverman, 2019)

Talk to Kids About: Who writes the history or articles or videos that they’re reading? Do the writers have their own points of view? Everyone has their perspective, no matter how objective a source may seem.

If a writer makes a claim that uplifts one side’s glory and makes them or their people look better, consider their perspective and what the writer gains by presenting you with a positive image of their actions. 

Claim 5: “Belief in God, desire for freedom from religious persecution”

See Claims 2 & 3.

Claim 6: “Adventures will change the course of American history”

Fact: I give this claim a huge yes. Just one indentured servant on The Mayflower, John Howland, can count more than 2,000 descendants to his name. (The television special tells how Howland fell overboard but was rescued.) That’s just one example of how The Mayflower, the Pilgrims, their treatment of the Natives, and the resulting stories found a solid place in American history. Would we have known much about the Mayflower if it weren’t for Thanksgiving and the resulting tourist trade in Plimouth? Unlikely.

Oh yeah, there’s also the little fact of all the diseases that explorers brought to the land they called America, and how many Natives were killed thanks to them.

Claim 7: “Miserable conditions aboard ship”

Fact: Yeah, this one’s true. Can’t argue here.

Talk to Kids About: This section got us talking about diseases, germs, and how people did or didn’t take care of them back then. Since we watched this in 2021 and our family had initially referred to COVID-19 as “The Big Germ,” our kids were interested in the seriousness of the Mayflower Voyagers’ illnesses. We also often watch great kids’ shows on germs like: 

• “How do People Catch a Cold: Storybots,” Netflix Jr. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ECPrtjnoCg  
• “Why do we Get Sick,” SciShowKids, Complexly. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKpg9JEJrHI
• “The Big Sneeze,” Sid the Science Kid, PBS Jr. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QjWhDynv-SQ
• “How to see germs spread” experiment, Mark Rober, YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I5-dI74zxPg  

Claim 8: “101 arrive, 2 died and one baby born”

Fact: I could only find a record of two deaths , and one happened after their long journey:

• William Butten was an indentured servant who died during the journey. 
• Elizabeth Hopkins gave birth to Oceanus on board the Mayflower, but the baby died at two years old.
• Susanna White gave birth to Peregrine White during an anchorage in Cape Cod in 1620. Peregrine means “traveler’ or “Pilgrim.”

More died after they landed and in the first months after arriving in Cape Cod and Plimouth.

Claim 9: “Captain Standish as military leader, not a Pilgrim, helps with building, nursing the sick, training to defend ourselves [from indians]”

Fact: Standish met the Pilgrims while they lived in the Netherlands and became their leader while the journey was planned. Supposedly John Smith was their first choice but was deemed too expensive. Standish is certainly documented as building, nursing the sick – even after his wife died – and did train the people. 

He also led the Wessagusset tribe that had been helping them into a trap which resulted in a massacre.* But hey, he was a great Captain.

Talk to Kids About: People often simplify history, specifically those who make history, to suit their narrative. This television special follows the story of all interactions between Pilgrim colonists and Native tribes as peaceful.

Claim 11: “20 adults, 30 children survived”

Fact: The numbers vary depending on the sources, but this is generally true. The variations also depend on the exact time you count survivors: when they docked at Cape Cod, when they were closer to Plimouth, after they’d gotten off the ship?

Claim 12: Samoset: speaks English, welcomed to their land, dressed in mohawk, leather

Fact: A lot of criticism of this television special express disbelief that Samoset “inexplicably” speaks English. It seems quite convenient, but it was true. What’s noteworthy, however, is that Samoset learned English because, as a youth, he was kidnapped by merchants and forced into slavery. His first words to the Mayflower survivors were also allegedly: “May I have a beer?” You can’t really put that into a kids’ show, though.

I also checked if his outfit in the cartoon was accurate, and it rings pretty true. According to Jerry Reif’s history papers:

“The startled colonists described Samoset as a tall and straight man with long black hair down his back, short hair in the front, and without a beard. Samoset carried with him his bow and an empty quiver in a gesture of peace. In his hand he held two arrows, one tipped and ready for battle, the other untipped. Samoset must have been considered virtually naked to the Puritan Pilgrims, since he wore only a fringed loincloth around his waist and moccasins on his feet. The day was mild but windy, so they offered him a horsehair coat to cover his body. Samoset told the Pilgrims that he was originally from Monhegan Island, which he said was five days journey by land but only one day by ship. He also told them that he had been in the Patuxet region for the past eight months visiting the Wampanoag, and that was planning to return to his people shortly. He stated that he had learned English from contact with the English fishermen and traders who visited Monhegan Island. “ (Reif)

Did you know? The episode also ran into public controversy for its brief usage of the term “savage” to refer to Native Americans in the original script. The American Indian Parents, a Minneapolis civil rights organization that had worked as show consultants, protested to CBS, and the term was removed. ( Ball, 2021 )

Claim 13: “Squanto only survivor. Kidnapped and sent to Spain. Master learned English and lent him money to return to his land”

Fact: Born around 1580 to the Pawtuxet Tribe, Captain Thomas Hunt persuaded Squanto and 23 other Natives to board their ship with promises of trade. But they were held captive and sold in Spain.

Claim 14: “Land of Pawtuxet Tribe – cleared land, all died of plague”

Fact: The cartoon colonists wonder who cleared all the land at this, their second stop in Plimouth, and Squanto explains. What Squanto doesn’t tell them here is that soon after he and his fellow Natives were stolen, most of the Pawtuxet Tribe died from disease given to them by explorers.

Another interesting fact is that Squanto was a prisoner of the Wampanoag Tribe when Samoset offered his translation services to the Pilgrims.

Claim 16: “Signed a treaty of friendship and mutual assistance, lasted for half a century”

Fact: This is true, although the motives behind it were more defensive than straight out peace. As Ramona Peters, the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe’s Tribal Historic Preservation Officer, told Indian Country Media Network, the tribes had come into contact with voyagers before, and many had died from their diseases or the new weapons called guns and cannons they brought on their ships. By signing a treaty, the Wampanoag Tribe hoped to keep at least the weapons at bay. 

The treaty stated that the Wampanoag Tribe and the Mayflower colony would come to one another’s defense if needed. If either side went against the treaty’s terms, the offending party would be sent to the side they had offended for punishment. 

Claim 17: “Fall 1621 large harvest and feast of Thanksgiving”

Fact: It is almost certain that a large feast occurred around the time our Thanksgiving stories say it did. That is because there was traditionally feasting around harvest time. For a longer explanation of the actual history behind Thanksgiving, please read “Talk to Kids About: Thanksgiving” here. 

This television special isn’t a bad way to open up a conversation about the Mayflower Voyage but put it into context. Depending on your child’s age, you won’t go into this much detail. However, introducing children to the idea that history is written, that those who write it have a point of view, and that they should always consider their sources — can start at almost any age.

READ MORE: Thanksgiving Specials: Classics in Context

Image Credits : Crash Course, All That’s Interesting

FAIR USE: Fair use permits a party to use a copyrighted work without the copyright owner’s permission for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, or research. These purposes only illustrate what might be considered as fair use and are not examples of what will always be considered as fair use. In fact, there are no bright-line rules in determining fair use, since it is determined on a case-by-case basis. But  copyright law  does establish four factors that must be considered in deciding whether a use constitutes a fair use. These factors are:

• The purpose and character of the use, including whether such use is of a commercial nature or is for non-profit educational purposes;
• The nature of the copyrighted work;
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Further Research & Sources

1621: A New Look at Thanksgiving

In the fall of 1621, English colonists and Wampanoag people feasted together for three days. Join us for a new look at the real history behind the event that inspired the myth of The First Thanksgiving.

Written by Catherine O’Neill Grace and Margaret M. Bruchac with Plimouth Plantation.

Photographs by Sisse Brimberg and Cotton Coulson.

National Geographic Society, Washington D.C.

• “Beyond the Bastards. Christopher Columbus Part One: Bringer of the Apocalypse,” iHeart Radio, https://www.iheart.com/podcast/105-behind-the-bastards-29236323/episode/part-one-christopher-columbus-bringer-of-101725720/?cmp=web_share&embed=true
• Garrison, G. (2017). “Native Americans welcomed immigrant Pilgrims in the first Thanksgiving,” AL.com ( https://www.al.com/living/2017/11/native_americans_welcomed_immi.html )
• History.com Editors. (2022). “This Day in History: September 16, Mayflower Departs England,” A&E Television Networks. https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/mayflower-departs-england
• Bradford, W. & Paget, H. Of Plymouth Plantation. Dover Publications, 2006.
• Drake, S. G. History of the Early Discovery of America and Landing of the Pilgrims. Kessinger Publishing, LLC, 2010.
• Fraser, R. The Mayflower: The Families, the Voyage, and the Founding of America. St. Martin’s Griffin, 2019.
• Mack, J. A Stranger Among Saints. Chicago Review Press, 2020.
• Philbrick, N. Mayflower: A Story of Courage, Community, and War. Viking Adult, 2006.
• Pilgrim Hall Museum: Standish Rapier Accessed 8 Nov 2020.
• Smith, J. & Horn, J. Capt. John Smith: Writings with Other Narratives. Library of America, 2010.
• Virginia Chronicle: Digital Newspaper Archive: Myles Standish Sword Accessed 8 Nov 2020.
• Franks, T. (2021). “Why BU Should Rename Myles Standish Hall” WBUR. https://www.wbur.org/cognoscenti/2021/09/21/myles-standish-hall-massachusett-tribe-boston-university-state-seal-travis-franks
• Massachusett Tribe. (2019). “The Massacre at Wesagussett,” Massachusett Tribe. http://massachusetttribe.org/the-massacre-at-wessagusset
• Editors. “List of Mayflower passengers who died at sea,” Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Mayflower_passengers_who_died_at_sea_November/December_1620
• Mayflower400 Editors. “66 Days at sea: What life was like aboard The Mayflower,” Mayflower400. https://www.mayflower400uk.org/the-mayflower-voyage/66-days-at-sea-what-life-was-like-on-board-the-mayflower/66-days-at-sea-what-life-was-like-on-board-the-mayflower/#:~:text=A%20death%20on%20board%20the,of%20the%20church%20in%20Leiden.
• Mayflower400.com Editors. “Millions owe their life to Mayflower passenger who fell overboard,” Mayflower400.com https://www.mayflower400uk.org/education/who-were-the-pilgrims/2020/february/john-howland/
• Lambert, C. (November/December 2015) “Who Were the Pilgrims and Who Celebrated the First Thanksgiving?? HUMANITIES, Volume 36, Number 6. https://www.neh.gov/humanities/2015/novemberdecember/feature/who-were-the-pilgrims-who-celebrated-the-first-thanksgiving
• Silverman, D. (November 2019). This Land Is Their Land: The Wampanoag Indians, Plymouth Colony, and the Troubled History of Thanksgiving.
• Martin, E. (November 2021). “How the traditional Thanksgiving fe as t evolved,” National Geographic https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/how-the-traditional-thanksgiving-feast-has-evolved-over-centuries
• (2017). “Interesting Shit,” Medium. https://medium.com/@interestingshit/the-pilgrims-were-welcomed-to-america-in-english-with-a-special-request-2974d64da0
• Dimuro, G. (2021). “Squanto: The True Story of the native American Behind the First Thanksgiving,” All That’s Interesting, https://allthatsinteresting.com/squanto  
• Courey Toensing, G. (2018). “Native history: First Wampanoag-Pilgrim Treaty SIgned on April Fools’,” Indian Country Today. https://indiancountrytoday.com/archive/native-history-first-wampanoag-pilgrim-treaty-signed-on-april-fools
• Green, J. and Meyer, R. (2013). “When is Thanksgiving? Colonizing America: Crash Course US History #2),” Complexly. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o69TvQqyGdg&list=PL8dPuuaLjXtMwmepBjTSG593eG7ObzO7s&index=3&t=146s

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[…] when I decided that our Classics in Context series would kick off with “This is American, Charlie Brown: The Mayflower Voyagers” and “It’s Thanksgiving, Charlie Brown,” I delved into the psychology of […]

[…] I also don’t think anything in pop culture encapsulates this incredible mythology we’ve created around Thanksgiving other than “A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving” and “This is America, Charlie Brown: the Mayflower Voyagers.“ […]

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Districts [ edit ]

Central Moscow districts [ edit ]

Outlying districts [ edit ], understand [ edit ].

Moscow is the financial and political centre of Russia and the countries formerly comprising the Soviet Union. It has a population of around 13 million and an area of 2,511 square kilometres (970 sq mi) after an expansion in 2012. One-tenth of all Russian citizens live in the Moscow metropolitan area. Moscow is the second most populous city in Europe, after Istanbul , and has the most populous metropolitan area in Europe, with some 21 million residents. Moscow is in the UTC+3 time zone; there is no daylight saving time.

Many years since the break up of the Soviet Union, the economy has improved, and the modern era has brought upon a wide variety of construction projects, modern architecture and newer transport systems replacing the derelict ones during Soviet times.

Geography [ edit ]

Moscow is a large metropolis on the Moskva River, which bends its way through the city. The historical center is on the northern bank of the river. The other major waterway is the Yauza River, which flows into the Moskva east of the Kremlin.

Much of Moscow's geography is defined by the 3 'Ring Roads' that circle the city at various distances from the centre, roughly following the outline of the walls that used to surround Moscow. With Red Square and the Kremlin forming the very centre, the innermost ring road is the Boulevard Ring ( Bulvarnoye Koltso ), built in the 1820s where the 16th century walls used to be. It runs from the Christ the Savior Cathedral in south-west central Moscow, to the mouth of the Yauza in south-east central Moscow.

The next ring road, the Garden Ring ( Sadovoe Koltso ), derives its name from the fact that landowners near the road in Tsarist times were obligated to maintain gardens to make the road attractive. In Soviet times, the road was widened, and there are now no gardens there.

The Third Ring Road, completed in 2004, is not much use for tourists but is a heavily used motorway which absorbs a bit of Moscow's traffic. It roughly follows the outline of Kamer-Kollezhsky val , the customs boundary of Moscow in the 18th – early 20th century. The outer edge of Moscow is largely defined by the Moscow Ring Road (widely known by its abbreviation: MKAD-Moskovskaya kolcevaya avto doroga), a motorway which is 108 km (67 mi) long and encircles the entire city (similar to London's M25 and Paris' Périphérique ).

Climate [ edit ]

The climate of Moscow features warm summers and long, cold winters.

Get in [ edit ]

See Russia#Get in for visa requirements to Russia.

By train [ edit ]

Moscow is a railway hub, with connections to all parts of Russia and far into Europe and Asia. Due to its hub status, Moscow's train stations are often crowded; trains are the usual form of intercity transport for most Russians. The stations have a reputation for being unsafe but paradoxically the threat of terrorism has improved things: security gates, policing and surveillance deter the casual thugs and villains. Guard your valuables and yourself as you would in any big city.

All long-distance trains are operated by Russian Railways and its subsidiaries, except for a few international trains with other operators. Tickets can be bought at stations or online . For domestic trains, you can show the ticket officer your online boarding pass; however, international trains require a printed ticket. There are usually ticket counters with English-speaking personnel - they may be marked as such, or the clerk may direct you to another counter if they can't cope with your English. See Russia#By train 2 for more details on travelling in Russia by train.

From Europe [ edit ]

All trains from Europe halted since 2020

Train stations in Moscow [ edit ]

Moscow has 10 train stations, 9 of which are near metro stations close to the center of Moscow. Be sure to note the station from which your train is departing, which will be indicated on the ticket, or online . Three stations ( Leningradsky , Yaroslavsky , and Kazansky ) are on one huge square, informally known as the "Three Stations' Square". A running joke among Moscow taxi drivers since the Soviet times is to be able to pick up a fare from one of them to the other, taking the unwary tourist on an elaborate ride in circles. Be prepared for enormous queues trying to enter or exit the Metro at peak times, as people are getting off or on the commuter trains.

By car [ edit ]

Many entry points to Moscow over the Ring Road and into the city feature rotating roadblocks, where teams of traffic police may stop a vehicle, especially if it is not featuring Moscow plates. You may be stopped and questioned but you'll be allowed to proceed if you have all the proper documents.

Foreign cars, especially expensive cars, might attract unwelcome attention, and there is cumbersome paperwork involved to enter Russia by car.

By boat [ edit ]

There is no scheduled passenger service to Moscow by boat; however, cruise ships do provide service to the Northern River Terminal, on the Moscow Canal near the Khimki Reservoir. The pier is not convenient to the city and it can take over 2 hours to reach the city centre by car.

A system of navigable channels and locks connects the Moskva River with the Volga River, which is further connected to the Baltic Sea , White Sea, the Azov, the Black Sea, and the Caspian Sea. In the Soviet times this allowed the official propaganda to refer to Moscow as "a port on the five seas".

By bicycle [ edit ]

Moscow is the easternmost destination of the EuroVelo cycling routes . Eurovelo Route 2 , the Capitals Route, is a 5,500 km (3,400 mi) route starting in Galway , Ireland , passing through Dublin , London , Berlin , Warsaw and Minsk before terminating in Moscow.

By metro [ edit ]

The Metro is open from 05:30-01:00. Station entrances are closed at 01:00, and at this time the last trains depart from all of the termini stations. After 01:00, many locals will enter the train station using the exits, which are still open. Service on the ring line runs until 01:30, although entrances are closed at 01:00. The down escalators are also shut off at 01:00.

There is signage in the Metro stations in English and the Latin alphabet, but these signs are not everywhere. Each train carriage has a map in Latin script and there is one near the entrance to each station. Note the direction of the train before you alight. It is worth printing a map of the metro system in both Cyrillic and Latin letters to take with you.

All trains in the system have free WiFi onboard, but you will need to have a Russian phone number to get the authorization code to access the WiFi. Some of the older train cars are not climate controlled.

2 or 3 stations may be connected as transfer points but will each have a different name. There are 2 stations called Smolenskaya and 2 stations called Arbatskaya , but the station pairs are not connected to each other despite having the same name. Some of the stations are very deep underground, and transfer times between certain metro lines can take a lot of time. In the city centre, it can save time to go directly to the above-ground entrance of the line you want to take rather than to enter at a connecting station and transfer underground. On the escalators, stand on the right and walk on the left except for peak hours, when standing on the left side is also allowed.

Some of the train stations include beautiful architecture and it is worth taking a guided tour of the metro system. The most interesting stations in terms of decor are Komsomolskaya (ring line), Novoslobodskaya (ring line), Kievskaya (ring line), Kropotkinskaya (Line #1 - red), Kievskaya (Line #3 - dark blue), Arbatskaya (Line #3 - dark blue), Ploschad' Revolyutsii (Line #3 - dark blue), Mayakovskaya (Line #2 - dark green). Also look at the architecture of the ground entrance building of Arbatskaya (Line #4 - light blue) and Krasnye Vorota (Line #1 - red). History buffs may appreciate that Metro Line #1 (red) has the oldest stations, opened in 1935.

The Vorobyovy Gory Metro Station on Line #1 (red) is unique in that it is on a bridge crossing the Moscow River. This bridge also carries auto traffic road on another level. There is a beautiful view through the transparent sides of the station. A great observing point around Moscow is located nearby on Vorobyovy hills, next to the main building of Lomonosov Moscow State University.

There are a couple of unique trains operating through the system and you will be lucky if you get to ride them. Aquarelle (Watercolor) is a train that includes an art gallery. The train operates daily on Line #3 (dark blue). The Sokolniki Retro Train is a train modeled after the original 1930s trains and it occasionally is placed into service, usually around a major anniversary of the metro system.

The metro is relatively safe, although pickpockets are a problem, as they are in any environment where a lot of people are pressed together. Opportunistic petty crime, such as snatching someone's mobile phone and jumping out just as the doors are closing, is also commonplace. Take the usual precautions at night when gangs of inebriated teenagers may look for an excuse to beat someone up. There is no train guard or conductor, so the first car near the driver may be the safest. Every car is equipped with an intercom to the driver's cabin; they are beige boxes with a grill and a black button near doors, and mostly work, unless visibly vandalized.

By tram [ edit ]

There are several tram routes, although trams are not common in the city centre.

By monorail [ edit ]

Moscow Monorail is a 4.7 km (2.9 mi) monorail line with 6 stations. It is slower, less frequent, and has shorter operating hours when compared with the metro (every 30 min, 08:00-20:00). However, the view is picturesque. It is useful to get to the Ostankino Tower, or to get to the VDNKh exhibition centre from Metro Line #9 (silver). Interchanges between Moscow Metro and Monorail is free, no additional fee will be charged.

By hop-on-hop-off bus [ edit ]

The hop-on-hop-off bus is a convenient way for tourists to see the major sights quickly and efficiently. The buses feature English-speaking guides to answer any questions. A 1 day pass costs $24 for adults and $15 for children.

See [ edit ]

Do [ edit ].

Moscow has many attractions, but many of them are not friendly to a non-Russian-speaker. English-language newspapers like The Moscow Times , Element [dead link] , Moscow News and others can help to navigate towards English-language friendly attractions and services.

Circuses [ edit ]

Theatres [ edit ].

• Bolshoi Theatre , one of the oldest and best known ballet and opera companies in the world.

Learn [ edit ]

Moscow remains the educational center of Russia and the former USSR. There are 222 institutes of higher education, including 60 state universities & 90 colleges. Some of these offer a wide-spectrum of programs, but most are centered around a specific field. This is a hold-over from the days of the USSR, when Sovietwide there were only a handful of wide-spectrum "universities" and a large number of narrow-specialization "institutes" (mostly in Moscow & St.Petersburg). Moscow offers some of the best business/management, science, & arts schools in the world. Moscow is also a popular destination for foreign students to learn Russian.

Work [ edit ]

You will need a work visa which is not an easy process. The visa needs to be arranged well in advance of traveling. It is possible to work in Moscow, you just need to find a good company to support you. The main obstacle for many foreigners will be a mandatory Russian language exam required to obtain a work permit.

Shopping malls [ edit ]

Large shopping malls are common near metro stations.

Tipping [ edit ]

For information on tipping in restaurants, see Russia#Eat .

Ethnic food [ edit ]

Authentic ethnic food from countries of the nearby Caucasus ( Azerbaijan , Georgia , Armenia ) is common in Moscow. Japanese food, including sushi, rolls, tempura, and steakhouses are very popular in Moscow. Other Asian cuisines including Vietnamese, Thai, and Chinese are becoming increasingly more common.

Budget [ edit ]

Street food [ edit ].

Free-standing kiosks serving sausages, meat pies, or kebobs are plentiful, although the origins of the meat served is questionable and the food has been known to occasionally make people sick.

Muscovites are also fond of their ice cream, consumed in any weather, even in the dead of winter, cheap and usually of superior quality; kiosks can be found all over the center and near all Metro stations.

Foodcourts 2.0 [ edit ]

This term is used in articles by local food critics: since 2016, several special food courts were opened with independent and small food chains, for those people who get bored of McDonald's-like food. They offer a wider choice of cuisines.

Clubs [ edit ]

Nightlife in Moscow is bustling, intense and exciting. It starts quite late; it's common for the headliners to start at 02:00-02:00. Most noticeable are areas near Solyanka street and Krasniy Oktyabr' place. At summer time a lot of clubs opening open-air terraces called "verandas". Most of clubs in Moscow are very picky of who they let in, so make sure you have a positive attitude and dress up if you are going to a fancy club.

Gazgolder [dead link] (not far from Kremlin) is among the best.

Cafes [ edit ]

Moscow has several café chains with great coffee including Coffeemania and Coffee Bean [dead link] . Moscow also has a good selection of tea saloons. High-quality infusion teas such as Newby, are widely available in cafes, both in packets and loose.

Asking to add boiling water to the tea you ordered earlier is a practice that some cafes don't welcome, but normally it's acceptable.

Sleep [ edit ]

Stay safe [ edit ].

Moscow enjoys a relatively low crime rate.

Drunk people are the most likely sources of problems. In the past years, lots of policemen were corrupt, and it was best to avoid them. Nowadays Moscow has a Tourist Police force, whose officers are able to speak foreign languages and help tourists. Police officers are equipped with body-cameras.

It is preferable to avoid some parts of the outer districts of Moscow, especially in the south. Some of those areas are notorious for gopniks (drunkards notorious for muggings and starting fights with strangers, and will do so seemingly unprovoked), who normally hang out in sparse residential areas and in industrial zones. The same problems can be witnessed in the surrounding regions and in other Russian cities as well.

While traveling in Moscow, as in the rest of Russia, you should always have your passport with you. If you look non-white, your papers may get checked more often than otherwise. The police may demand to see your papers to check if you have been registered within 7 business days of your arrival into Moscow. Always remember that if you stay in a hotel then you are automatically registered and will be handed a confirmation paper at a time of check-in, so don't worry in this case. The police are usually looking for migrants from Central Asia and unless you fit this profile, you are unlikely to be questioned.

Women should take caution walking alone late at night since they may receive unwanted attention from drunk men. Women should also stay clear of large companies of men in front of bars, restaurants, etc. It is best to walk with a friend if possible.

Streets can become very slippery in winter. Wear shoes or, even better, boots with decent grip to prevent twisted ankles. Ice patches can be hard to spot. A waterproof raincoat is also sensible.

Traffic is poorly handled, and vehicle accident rates are very high.

If you need help with translation, ask students or pupils: younger people are more likely to be able to help you than the older generations.

Connect [ edit ]

For information on using telephones and buying SIM cards in Russia, see Russia#Connect .

Mobile Internet is quite affordable in Russia, but you have to buy Russian SIM-card first.

Wireless Internet [ edit ]

Moscow Metro has Wi-Fi in all trains. It is ad-supported.

Mosgortrans has Wi-Fi spots on every bus, trolleybus and tram. Also sometimes you can find Wi-Fi spot on a public transport stop.

Beeline Wi-Fi [dead link] operates the largest network of both paid and free Wi-Fi access points. If there is a charge, you can pay online via credit card.

There is a large network of free Wi-Fi hotspots in the city centre; check your device in the middle of a busy area and you may find one.

Many cafes and restaurants offer Wi-Fi - ask for password. Most bookstores offer free Wi-Fi, including "Dom Knigi" on New Arbat Street or "Respublika" bookstore on Tverskaya near Mayakovskaya Metro Station.

Some establishments that offer free Wi-Fi may require you to verify an authorization code sent to a Russian phone number before gaining access, but for the most part, foreign numbers also work as of 2016.

Cope [ edit ]

Embassies [ edit ].

Moscow is one of the global diplomatic capitals, competing with Berlin , Brussels , Beijing , Paris , London , Tokyo and Washington D.C. . Most of the world's countries have their embassies in the city.

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