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A Travelers Guide to the Trans Siberian Railway

Home / Russia Travel Tips & Essential Advice / A Travelers Guide to the Trans Siberian Railway

The Trans-Siberian Railway journey is easily one of the most talked-about train journeys in the world, and arguably the best way to experience Russia’s diverse landscapes. From the classical grandeur of the great cities to rural fairytale villages, the scenery slowly transforms to reveal the pristine wilderness of the Ural Mountains, the forests of Krasnoyarsk and the awe-inspiring Lake Baikal. This Trans Siberian Guide will help you make most of your experience.

We understand that it can be daunting to plan this journey of mammoth proportions, as there are a lot of factors to take into consideration and plan. That is why we have sourced upon the most up-to-date and relevant information to present you with this ultimate Trans Siberian Guide.

In this Trans Siberian Guide, you will find everything you will need to know about planning the ultimate Trans-Siberian railway experience. We cover the train routes, recommend travellers favourite stopover destinations, guide you through getting your Russian visas and train tickets, show you what life is like onboard the train, share travel tips about money and safety, and many more. Enjoy!

Table of Contents

What is the Trans Siberian?

The trans siberian – a railway, not a train.

Once praised as ‘the fairest jewel in the crown of the Tsars’, the Trans Siberian  Railway remains one of life’s greatest travel experiences. With its longest line covering 9,286km from the Russian capital of Moscow to remote Vladivostok in the Far East, it is the world’s longest single railway journey. Taking 7 days to complete and spanning over 10 different time zones, it runs through some of Russia’s most geographically challenging, yet culturally-rich and scenically splendid regions.

The Trans Siberian is not a tourist line – it is a real, working railway that carries huge amounts of freight and passenger traffic. Its classic route runs through Russia from end to end but also connects to Mongolia and China with its Trans Mongolian and Trans Manchurian lines. Many different trains can operate along the Trans-Siberian railway, from regular lines to luxury trains operated by private companies.

With an average speed of around 60km/h, these Trans Siberian services are not for travellers in a hurry. However, with the ever-changing scenery and diverse group of passengers to interact with, your Trans Siberian trip will be anything but dull. Whether you decide to experience the Trans Siberian route nonstop, or – as we’d strongly recommend – hop on and off the train at the many fascinating destinations en route, we can guarantee that it will be a journey to remember for the rest of your life.

Trans Siberian History

In the late 19th century, Japan, Britain and America all managed to gain footholds along the Chinese coast as bases for their trade with China and the Orient. In an attempt to secure their foothold on the East as well as the vast expanses of Siberia, the Emperor of Russia approved a plan for a transcontinental line to link the Russian capital of Moscow with Vladivostok on the Pacific coast, as this was the only year-round ice-free port on Russian territory. Construction began on May 1891 under the supervision of Tsar Alexander III, his son and a handful of personally chosen Russian Government Ministers. However, while construction of the railway started mainly primarily due to economic reasons, it soon turned into a matter of national pride.

The building of the railway was nothing short of challenging. Place yourself back in time and imagine the harsh environments that the Trans Siberian workforce faced. Unforgiving conditions of rugged ground and the Earth’s crumbling state, obstructed areas such as the large rivers and the epic lakes in the Baikal region to navigate, harsh climates to endure and towering mountains to be driven apart for the construction of the railway tunnels, not forgetting the bridges that needed to be constructed with the strength to withstand trains crossing over the gorges of the mountain rivers. The large cost to build the railway was another problem, alongside the limited supply of manpower. Many soldiers and exiled prisoners played the role of common workers during this task.

Despite its many difficulties, the railway was officially finished in 1916, where a complete journey could be made non-stop from Moscow to Vladivostok. The Trans-Siberian significantly influenced Russia’s economic growth and improved their trade, as well as functioned as a turning point for Siberia, making it more accessible. To this day, it continues to affect Russia’s history and plays a vital role in both trade and tourism.

Trans Siberian Guide: Routes and Schedules

Before booking your train tickets, you will first have to decide on what route to take. The Trans-Siberian Railway actually covers three main routes across Siberia: The Trans-Siberian (red line), the Trans-Manchurian (purple line) and the Trans-Mongolian (yellow line). All three of these routes follow the same main-line for the first 4 days from Moscow to Ulan-Ude before splitting off.

Routes can be further extended if the journey is not long enough for you. For example, instead of beginning or ending in Moscow , you can choose to do so from St. Petersburg . You can also travel to Vietnam from Beijing, or catch a ferry to Japan after reaching Vladivostok.

a. Classic Trans-Siberian Railway Route

Considered as the “true” Trans-Siberian, this traditional route is the longest of the Trans-Siberian routes, taking a grand total of seven days to complete without stopovers. It crosses the vast depths of Siberia, passing the mighty Altai Mountains and iconic Lake Baikal before finally arriving at Vladivostok, Russia’s easternmost city. From here, you have the option of extending your journey by catching a ferry over to Japan or South Korea, which leave every week.

The trains following this route are all Russian operated and run every other day with first, second and third-class coaches available. You are only required to have a Russian visa for this journey.

b. Trans-Manchurian Railway Route

Stretching over 8,986 kilometres, this route takes you directly from Moscow to Beijing, China. However, it misses out on the beloved Mongolian landscape, making it a much less popular route to take. The trains only cross one border between Russia and China, passing the steppes and spectacular Da Hinggan Ling Mountains before arriving in Beijing. Without stopovers, this journey can be completed in a little over 6 days and is perfect for those travelling in winter as you will have the opportunity to stop at the spectacular Harbin Ice & Snow Festival .

Trains along this route are generally Russian operated and run weekly using first and second-class coaches. You will be required to have a Russian and Chinese visa for this trip.

c. Trans-Mongolian Railway Route

Travellers rate this as by far the most interesting route to take along the Trans-Siberian. Despite being the shortest of the 3 rail routes (7,621 kilometres) that can be completed in just over 5 days, the Trans-Mongolian route offers the most diverse scenery. The trains cross Siberia and provide a spectacular journey along Mongolia’s grass steppes, through the eastern Gobi Desert and fertile rice-fields of China, with glimpses of the Great Wall, before ending in Beijing.

Trains on this route are Chinese operated and have been known to be of slightly better quality than their Russian counterparts. They run once a week and only offer first and second-class coaches. You will need a Russian, Chinese and Mongolian visa for this journey.

There are hundreds of trains that run across Russia and the Trans-Siberian network all year round, each with varying frequencies and departure times. Consequently, choosing a train that matches up to your itinerary can be a challenge without the right tools. We recommend leaving the ticket booking process to the pros, using our expertise and knowledge.

Trans Siberian Guide – Kinds of Railway Trains

There are two ways in which you can experience the route of the Trans-Siberian Railway: through private luxury trains or regular standard trains.

Private Trains

Due to high levels of tourist attraction along the Trans-Siberian route, there are now a handful of private travel companies that organise trips by private luxury trains . Departing on a limited number of dates in a year, these travel packages offer a unique and memorable exploration of mysterious Russia for travellers all around the world.

Described as a classic ‘cruise on wheels’, travelling the Trans-Siberian on a private luxury train is a fantastic way to experience Russia’s diverse cultures and cinematic landscapes . As one of the safest, most comfortable and enriching form of railway travels, these trains combine first-class customer service with a romantic discovery of the world’s most remarkable destinations with a view that constantly changes.

While prices are on the higher side of the spectrum, you are guaranteed to receive the full 5-star package. A reservation will include a private bedroom and bathroom compartment, excursions that are pre-organised, food service in a luxurious restaurant wagon and many more.

Regular Trains

Travelling the Trans-Siberian railway by regular trains operated by the Russian National Railway Company (RZD) is the most common option chosen by tourists each year, mainly due to it being the more economical choice and it allows for more interaction with the locals. However, while some of these trains do offer first-class wagons and good restaurant service, they do not reach the same level of luxury as the private trains.

There are two ways in which you can complete the route by regular trains:

A non-stop route: This gets you from point A to point B in the least amount of time as the stops last no more than a few minutes, and only requires you to buy one train ticket. However, it also means that you will be sleeping every day on the train, which can get tedious, and you won’t be able to explore the major cities en route. 

A route with one or more stopovers: The recommended option for those who enjoy sightseeing, plus it is the more comfortable way to travel. You can spend a night or two in a hotel at any one of the many beautiful destinations and continue your journey the next day on another train. Just bear in mind that you will need to buy separate tickets for each journey combining different trains.

Regular trains: Deciding on a Class

There are 3 different classes to choose from, those of which being:

First class   “Spalny Vagon” or “SV”

These are the most expensive compartments that often sell out the fastest. Each cabin is limited to 2 people, with 9 compartments per coach. The 2 beds turn into seats during the day, and they offer slightly better amenities such as an armchair and access to a shower at the end of the carriage). The main advantage of a first-class cabin is the extra storage space and the privacy it provides.

Second class   “Kupe”

These cabins typically sleep 4 people, with 9 compartments per coach. They have two beds above and two below, and there are 2 washrooms and toilets (but no showers) at each end of the corridor. This is the more economical option, but you will need to share a compartment with strangers if you are not travelling in a group of four (which is not necessarily a bad thing!).

Third class   “Platskartny Vagon” or “Platzcard”

Unlike first and second classes that have closed compartments, the third class is an open-plan dormitory car with 54 bunks per coach. There are no compartments or divider curtains and are usually used by those making a short trip or seeking the most economical ride without caring much for comfort.

Carriage Setup

First and second class carriages mostly have the same setup, the only difference being the number of berths per carriage. During winter, all the carriages are heated so it is not uncommon to see passengers in t-shirts and trackies during most of the journey. In summer, there is an effective jet air cooling system that operates when the train is moving. Some trains also have air conditioning in first class and at times the second class.

A compartment will typically have 2 or 4 berths depending on your class, with the two lower berths turning into seats during the day. They also lift-up for space to fit 2 large suitcases under each one. At ceiling level, there is an ever larger luggage-bay with enough space to 4-5 large suitcases. There is also a small-fold out shelf big enough for small handbags, some hooks to hang your coats and a small table by the window.

Toilets and Showers

There are two washrooms at the two ends of every carriage with a western-style toilet and a sink. They are not the most glamorous of areas, but are kept clean by your carriage attendant. Keep in mind that showers are only provided for those in first-class carriages, so second and third class ticket holders should bring wet wipes to freshen up from time to time. Washrooms will be closed and locked 30 minutes before the train pulls up to a station and 30 minutes after it departs, so make sure to time your bathroom breaks around this.

Planning Your Trip

Best time to go.

The Trans-Siberian Railway operates all year round, but the experience differs slightly depending on the time of year. Many foreign tourists tend to travel during spring and summer as this is when the days are the longest, the weather is at its warmest and the trains carry a more bustling, sociable atmosphere. Just be sure to book well in advance if you’re planning a trip around this time as tickets sell out quicker.

On the other hand, travelling between November and April will give you a chance to experience Russia in all its stark, beautiful and enchanting winter splendour. The trains are well heated throughout winter, making it a warm and cozy journey, tickets tend to be less expensive and there won’t be as many foreign tourists around. However, the hours of daylight will be shorter and you’ll need to wrap up well when you get off for a stroll at the station stops.

Deciding Your Departure and Final Destination

You can travel the Trans-Siberian Railway either eastbound or westbound. Most travellers tend to begin their journey west in Moscow and travel east. However, if you are after a more authentic experience and want to interact with locals or improve your Russian skills, we would recommend you consider departing from Vladivostok or Beijing and head west from there. You will be more likely to encounter fewer tourists and instead, share the train with locals on the way home from work.

Places to Stopover

Travelling on the Trans-Siberian Railway provides you with a wealth of opportunities to visit some of the most famous, unusual and spectacularly beautiful destinations in Russia. Some of the stations themselves are incredibly impressive, from the imposing Soviet behemoth of Novosibirsk station to Sludyanka station near Lake Baikal – the only railway station in the world to be built entirely of marble. Some of the most popular stopping off points for travellers is Kazan, the city of Yekaterinburg with its fascinating Tsarist history, Irkutsk, the main gateway to Lake Baikal , and Ulan-Ude, Siberia’s frontier bastion of Buddhist Mongol culture. Click here to read about the top 13 Trans-Siberian Railway stops every traveller needs to visit .

Note: Stopovers must be organised in advance. Reservations are required for all trains so you cannot decide to hop off one train and catch another without the necessary ticket. 

How to Book Your Trans-Siberian Tickets

Russian invitation documents & visas.

Before applying for a Russian visa , you will need a letter of invitation from your travel agency setting out confirmed travel and accommodation arrangements for your entire stay in Russia or (for independent travellers) an accommodation voucher issued by your hotel(s) showing confirmed accommodation for each and every night you plan to spend in Russia. Alternatively, some travel agencies can sell you the necessary visa support for a small fee, which allows you to get a visa without any genuine hotel bookings, so you can travel around freely just as you would in any other country, buying tickets and finding hotels as you go.

2 most common types of visas:

• Tourist visa – The easiest and least expensive type of visa to get, making it ideal for tourists. It allows for a period up to 30 days in Russia and has single-entry or double-entry only.
• Business visa   – Can be used for those who require a longer stay, but is more expensive. It can be valid from 1 to 12 months and allows for single-, double- or multiple-entry.

Note: Visas are only issued 3 months or less before your intended date of entry to Russia, but cannot be obtained at the border so an application must be made in advance. 

Be very careful with the dates of entry and exit on your visa. Your date of entry into Russia is the date you physically enter Russian territory, in other words, the date your train rolls across the frontier, not the date you reach Moscow, which is irrelevant. Similarly, your date of exit is the date you physically leave Russian territory. Double-check train times to see when it reaches the frontier, and double-check that the embassy has given you the right dates when you get your passport back with the visa.

Chinese Visas

Applications for a Chinese visa should be done at least 1 month in advance before your departure date, but less than 3 months before entering China. For more information on obtaining a Chinese visa, visit: Visa for China

Mongolian Visas

Nationals from a select few countries have been exempted from requiring a visa to enter Mongolia, just be sure to check the allowed duration of stay. For  more information, visit: Mongolia Visa

Booking Trans-Siberian Railway Tickets

There are many ways to go about purchasing your Trans-Siberian Railway train tickets, each with their own advantages and disadvantages. Keep in mind that tickets can be purchased no earlier than 90 days in advance.

1. Buy tickets at a train station

This would be for the more adventurous travellers with lots of time and want a flexible itinerary, and/or for those travelling on a tight budget. It is the cheapest option as there are no extra booking fees, but it is also the riskiest because trains or types of compartments that you want to take, especially during high season, might be fully booked.

Getting a ticket for internal journeys within Russia is not usually that difficult, as long as you can be flexible on the exact departure date, time and class of travel. However, demand usually exceeds supply for trains that travel between Russia and Mongolia or China, particularly because they only have one or two trains that run weekly. Russian travel agencies also tend to buy up all the tickets as soon as they are released and resell them at a markup.

• Remember to bring your passport when purchasing tickets.
• Be prepared to be served by a ticket office staff that does not speak English. It is a good idea to learn the Russian alphabet and some basic phrases so you can write down your requirements to show to the staff .

2. Buy tickets online

Tickets can be bought online either through a local agency or a western English-speaking agency. Local agencies are typically cheaper than their western counterparts, but both still charge a commission fee. For those who want to save time and have it all organised by someone else, it would be best to go with an English-speaking agency.

There are three types of tickets that you can receive:

E-ticket with electronic registration: These are electronic tickets that you will receive via email, ready to print. You can present these directly on the train, along with your passport.

E-ticket without electronic registration: These tickets can also be obtained via e-mail, but must be redeemed at the same station, either in a window or a vending machine.

Paper tickets:  These physical tickets can be ordered through any intermediary agency, which can then send them directly to you via mail/carrier or you can pick them up before your trip at the offices of an intermediary in Russia.

• International routes that enter China or Mongolia must be organised through an intermediary agency as those tickets cannot be bought on the RZD website or in China or Mongolia’s official railway’s website.
• Be very cautious of faxing or providing credit card details to an agency in Russia that you have never used before or has not been recommended to you.
• Remember that an agency cannot 100% confirm your reservation until Russian Railways opens reservations, 90 days ahead. However, agencies will take your booking several months ahead and keep their own internal waiting list, and will make your reservation the moment bookings are open.

3. Book a whole Trans-Siberian Railway tour

Arranging a tailor-made itinerary through a western travel agency that specialises in independent travel to Russia would be the most expensive, but also the most hassle-free way of planning a Trans-Siberian trip. They can organise your whole holiday, from your Russian visa and train reservations to stop-overs, hotel bookings and tours, so you won’t have to worry about a thing. 56thParallel offers stunning Trans-Siberian tours with stopovers and tours at the most breathtaking places rich in culture and history. Alternatively, you can also request for a custom tour tailored to suit your individual requirements.

The world is divided into 24 time zones, and Russia covers 11 of them. This is the most time zones in any country (not counting overseas territories). When the east of Russia is in the middle of the working day, the western regions are still fast asleep. The closest runners up for the most time zones in one country are the United States and Canada, which both have six.

Effective from the 1st of August 2018, information on train arrival and departure times will be displayed on electronic boards, platform signposts and stations clocks and announced through the PA system in local time. Previously, times had always been indicated in Moscow time. The RZD implemented this change to improve the quality of passenger service travelling on both long-distance and suburban trains.

Similar changes have also been made to the procedure for booking train tickets operated by the RZD holding. While train arrivals and departures used to be shown according to Moscow time on all railway ticket forms, tickets now feature both Moscow time and local time.

Moreover, information about local arrival and departure times will also be displayed on the information boards on the trains.

Life on Board

Provodnik & provodnitsa.

Each carriage is assigned two Provodnik (male) or Provodnitsa (female) attendants whose job is to look after the wellbeing of their passengers and the carriage. They are responsible for providing the bed linen, keeping the carriage clean, making sure the samovar that each carriage has kept providing boiling water and generally keep order. They also have the final say in how long a train will be stopping at a station – something which is very important to check with them before heading off for a platform walk as the train will not wait for you.

In general, they will be keeping a paternalistic/maternalistic eye out for you. They can range from being friendly to indifferent, but somehow play a larger than life role for many on a Trans-Siberian trip . If the opportunity arises, try to make friends with your attendant. Having their goodwill is useful, especially for long journeys. It has been known for example for an attendant to keep a bathroom (usually closest to their quarters) locked and claim it is out of order when in reality they are keeping it for themselves and perhaps some of their favourite passengers. For a small tip, they may even let you charge your devices in their compartment, or use the first-class showers to freshen up.

Food on the Trans-Siberian

Restaurant carriage.

Every main Trans-Siberian train has a dining wagon usually located in the middle of the train, and open generally from around 0900-2100hrs local time. Passengers use it as a sociable place to meet, hang out, drink beer and eat. Meals are reasonably priced and the quality is adequate, but limited options are available. However, bar prices have been known to be pricey, and most Russians won’t pay them but instead will bring their own. The restaurant car service is provided by whichever country you are crossing.

In Russia, traditional foods are hearty and make use of simple, locally grown ingredients. Typical dishes include pancakes, schnitzels and potatoes, soups and salads. Cash payments are accepted in the form of roubles, although they may also accept euros or US dollars.

Mongolian dining cars offer authentic food, such as the beef dumpling soup and rice and mutton. They accept euros, US dollars, rubles, Chinese RMB and Mongolian currency. Chinese dining cars tend to be priced cheaper and have a selection of excellent Chinese dishes, ranging from noodles to stir-frys with rice. Payment will be by meal voucher (depending on your ticket) or local RMB currency.

A cart is sometimes also wheeled through the carriages with snacks and drinks for sale.

Platform Dining

For those on a tight budget, and also those that want to sample the local food, the station platform can be a real culinary adventure. You have the option of either buying from a tiny platform kiosk, or from one of the many vendors along the platform.

Kiosks generally stock a selection of cigarettes, dried food, drinks and cheap souvenirs. Prices are reasonable and most items will have a price ticket clearly displayed so it is rare to be overcharged.

At larger stations, locals carry a large variety of food onto the platform and set up by the train, creating almost a small outdoor market. Typical items sold by vendors include ‘cooked’ meals and drinks, alongside other local produce such as fruit, pastries, coffee and honey. Just watch your stomach – be wary of cold meats and salads, and always make sure you know how long each stop is before venturing far from the coach as people have been left behind before.

Entertainment Onboard

While riding the Trans-Siberian is an exciting adventure, it is also a very long journey. Many travellers use this as an escape from the stress of their day-to-day lives. As the ultimate chance to do nothing, you can sit in peaceful contemplation as you watch the everchanging beautiful and wild scenery from the comfort of your own bunk. Be sure to keep an eye out for the various landmarks en route, such as the famous Lake Baikal .

Your time will mostly be filled with solitary leisure activities such as reading that book that you’ve been meaning to get to for the past 4 years, listening to music or indulging yourself in your hobby, whether it be writing, drawing or knitting. This may also be the perfect time to pick up a new craft.

Social interaction will take up the rest of your free time. Play cards, eat, share stories, and drink vodka with your fellow passengers. On the train, you’ll meet people from different walks of life, from blue-collar workers and soldiers on their way home from a long day at work, to students, businessmen and travellers from all around the world.

On the private Trans-Siberian trains/tour packages you may expect daily onboard activities such as:

• Russian language lessons
• Lectures about the history and culture of Russia
• Dance and music performances
• Tea ceremonies and “vodka drinking” classes
• Matryoshka-doll painting master classes, etc

Note:   Don’t rely too much on electronics for the entire trip. Most carriages should have power outlets in the hallways, but they don’t always work. Also, you’ll be sharing them with the other passengers in your carriage so access will be limited. 

Extra Travel Tips and Information

Things to bring.

Apart from the obvious essentials, some important things to remember to pack before embarking on your Trans-Siberian journey include:

• Snacks – pack items that are instant and won’t easily perish, e.g. cup noodles, granola bars, crackers, cheese, coffee, hot chocolate and tea
• Cutlery and a mug
• Wet wipes and deodorant – to freshen up if there are no showers
• Toilet paper – provided on the train but can usually run out
• Painkillers
• Earplugs and eye-mask – especially if sharing a cabin
• Portable charger for electronic devices
• Comfortable lounge clothes and slip-on footwear
• Backpack – to keep essentials as it is hard to access suitcases constantly
• Russian SIM card with internet connection
• Books, board games, playing cards, etc.
• Russian phrase book or mini-dictionary

Currencies and Money

In general, it is recommended to take a mixture of some cash (USD, Euro or Sterling) and credit/debit cards (for ATM usage) to obtain local currency. When exchanging money, ID is required. We would suggest to only carry minimal amounts of local currency in advance of your arrival in each country as rates will usually be better once there. While credit card acceptance is becoming more common, cash is still the norm in most establishments. On the train, the restaurant carriage accepts cash only. Please note that changing traveller cheques is time-consuming and complicated and only recognised by with the very large banks, so avoid them if possible.

The Russian currency is called  ‘Ruble’, and they come in denominations of 5000, 1000, 500, 100, 50 and 10 notes. US Dollars and Euros are the best currency for exchange, with the Bureau de Change and ATM machines found in the major cities of Russia such as Moscow, St. Petersburg, Irkutsk and Yekaterinburg. ATMs allow withdrawals in Roubles, Euros or US dollars.

Chinese Yuan (CNY), also known as “Renminbi” (RMB), come in denominations of 100, 50, 20, 10, 5 and 1. Exchange rates within China at hotels, banks and ATMs are the same everywhere on any given day, although commission rates may vary. ATMs are plentiful in major Chinese cities.

Mongolia’s currency, Mongolian Turgik (MNT) comes in notes of 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500, 1000, 5000, 10,000 and 20,000. Changing cash in Ulaanbaatar at exchange booths is straightforward enough and the city has several ATMs. For any trips out of the city, it is best to take the cash you need with you in local currency, although small denomination US dollars in good condition may also be accepted. The Turgik is near impossible to change outside of Mongolia, so make sure to change all remaining currency before leaving the country.

Electrical Outlets & Voltages

The standard voltage of the electrical outlets on the Trans-Siberian trains is 220-230V, and require either a Continental or European plug with two round pins.

Every carriage has at least one or two sockets next to the toilets in the hallways. First class and newer second class carriages also offer individual sockets in each compartment. If you want to charge more than one device at a time, you can use a power strip. Your carriage attendant may also be willing to charge items using the socket in their own compartment, for a small tip of course.

Internet Connection

None of the Trans-Siberian trains offers wifi on board. However, you can get a local SIM with a data plan or a dongle to check your emails and Facebook along the way. 3G coverage is pretty good along the whole Trans-Siberian railway while 4G is available in the vicinity of the major cities.

Buying a local SIM is recommended as they are cheap, easy to acquire and will help keep your international roaming charges down. Many phone stores that sell SIM cards can be found at the airport, near metro stations, in shopping streets or in large shopping centres. The three most common Russian mobile phone operators are MTS, MegaFon and Beeline, though there are many more to choose from. Please note that you will need to show a valid passport or registration certificate when purchasing a SIM at any store.  

Travelling on the Trans-Siberian railway is perfectly safe, even for families and solo female travellers. After all, it’s the way many Russian families and women travelling alone get around. Not only does every carriage have its own conductor who looks after the cleanliness and order, but also every train has a police squad on standby in case anything goes wrong. The trained security is almost as tight as in airports, though still carrying a generally relaxed atmosphere. You just need to use some common sense as you would travelling anywhere else in the world – don’t drink too much alcohol, avoid flashing money around in public and don’t leave any valuables lying around unattended.

One other main precaution you can take is to lock your cabin door at night. In addition to the normal lock on the compartment doors, there are also security latches which stop the door opening more than an inch or two and can’t be released from the outside even with a staff key. We would recommend using both locking devices. Carriage attendants may at times also lock the access doors at the end of each corridor at night to prevent intruders. Moreover, at train stops, only those with a ticket to a particular carriage are allowed to board that carriage.

A safe place for your luggage is also provided – there is a metal box underneath the bottom bunk that can only be accessed by lifting the bunk up. This means that anyone wanting to get to your bags at night would have to physically shift you off your bunk first.

Typically, men and women travel in the same compartments, but on some routes, you can now ask for a ladies-only compartment. If you do happen to find yourself sharing a space with people who make you feel uncomfortable, simply ask your carriage attendant if they can move you to another compartment and they usually will without too much of a problem.

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Total Guide to plan & book a great Trans-Siberian Railway Trip

31. December 2020

Destination The World

This post may contain affiliate links, where we may receive a small commission if you purchase something through following the links at no extra cost to you.

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It’s slow travel at its best, taking you from one continent to another, through big cities, over the Siberian steppes and along the largest lake in the world. Without a doubt, a Trans-Siberian Railway trip will take you on the greatest railway journey in the world. This legendary adventure stretching over eight time zones is one of the best travel experiences you can have, and no other rail journey can compare to the Trans-Siberian Railway.

Travelling the Trans-Siberian Railway is a dream for many people, and for one of us, this ultimate adventure was a lifelong dream. Doing this trip independent can seem like a bit of a challenge, and it also did for us in the start. The questions can be many but read on. This blog post has all the answers on how to travel the Trans-Siberian Railway independently. We will also shortly present the stops we had en route and give you some suggestions on what to see there, as an idea, while you start planning your journey.

1. Planning your Trans-Siberian Railway trip

We chose the classic, original route, starting in Moscow, before ending in Vladivostok, and we had our Trans-Siberian Railway trip in winter. That is just one way of doing it, but the options are many.

There are many things to consider when you start planning your journey, but first things first. A trip with the Trans-Siberian is perfectly safe, both for families, solo and female travellers. It is the way Russians have travelled for years, and very few reported incidents. Take precautions, choose your berth wisely, and take care of your belongings.

A journey like this requires some planning. But if you are like us, then you also find planning your trip half the fun.

Checklist for planning your Trans-Siberian Railway trip:

• When do you prefer to travel? Which season?
• Do you want to travel eastbound or westbound?
• Which visas will you need to organise? Check visa requirements
• Make sure that your passport is valid six months after you return
• What should be your final destination?
• Which route should you choose?
• How much will it cost?
• Do you want to stop along the route? Where?
• Organise travel insurance

The above list gives you a brief overview of things to take into consideration when planning your trip. What you choose will mostly depend on your wishes, budget and the time you have on hand.

2. Best time to travel the Trans-Siberian Railway

If there is one best time to travel on the Trans-Siberian Railway or not, is really up to you and what you prefer. The train runs all year round, and each season has something to offer. Some periods are busy or warm while others are freezing cold.

Trans-Siberian in summer

Summer is the most popular time of the year for a Trans-Siberian Railway trip. With the summer holiday in the western world, lots of travellers find themselves onboard the train. It can get busy and harder to find tickets for some routes. The summer months are great if you travel solo and want to meet other fellow travellers.

The climate in Russia is mild, but July and August can get very hot. The same goes for Mongolia. Even the summer is shorter in Mongolia it really can get warm also there. China is hot and humid in the summer months.

Trans-Siberian in autumn

Autumn is by many considered the best time to travel the Trans-Siberian. It is less crowded, the worst heat is gone, and the foliage let you catch the autumn colours along the route. The weather can still be nice the whole route. In China, the humidity from the summer is gone.

Trans-Siberian in winter

A Trans-Siberian trip in the winter is spectacular. Yes, it can get freezing cold, like in really Siberian cold, and you will see that Siberia looks like yes, Siberia. The trains are heated and, you can expect to sweat even in winter. But to snug up inside while watching the Siberian winter pass by outside the windows is a magical feeling.

It is much fewer passengers in the winter, so it never gets crowded, and finding tickets is rarely a problem. Bring lots of warm clothes (think layers of clothes) for exploring the places you choose to stop.

Winter is considered the best time to visit Lake Baikal with its clear thick ice perfect for winter activities. The lake usually freezes from mid or end of February and last at least throughout March.

Trans-Siberian in spring

The spring is maybe the least recommended time for a Trans-Siberian Railway trip. It is no longer winter and also not summer. In late spring when the snow has melted, and nature starts to wake up is also very pretty. China has pleasant weather in the spring.

Spring is also not the busiest time on the train. It’s great for avoiding crowds and, tickets are available.

TIP: Read our post on the Harz Mountain Railway or the Zittauer Schmalspurbahn in Germany if you would like a nostalgic journey with a steam train

3. Choose your Trans-Siberian Railway route

The Trans-Siberian Railway is not one train route, but it’s a network of railways connecting Moscow with the Russian Far East. The building of the railway started in 1891 and finished in 1916. Train services ran along the route much before its completion. Today, the expansion of the railway system continues, with connecting routes to China, Mongolia, Japan and North Korea.

You can choose from three main routes, but the Trans-Siberian Railway also has several other options for connections along with its extended network. You don’t have to follow the same route the whole time, and you can combine more routes in one journey.

Eastbound or Westbound?

You can make your Trans-Siberian Railway trip in both directions. The choice is up to you and what you prefer. The eastbound route tends to be more popular among western travellers, so westbound is recommended if you are looking to avoid too many other travellers.

Usually, you will have to book one long-haul flight. Either to start the journey or when you have finished. Check airfares before you decide, it can be a big difference in costs depending on where and when you fly.

BUDGET TIP: In case you end your journey in Vladivostok, you save big bucks on flying domestic back to Moscow, and then have your international flight out from there, instead of flying out from Vladivostok

We chose eastbound from Moscow for two reasons. Firstly we found it kind of more romantic to start our adventure with the long train journey first, instead of with a long haul flight. Secondly, starting our winter trip with the Trans-Siberian in Moscow, also gave us the chance to celebrate New Year’s Eve there before we boarded the train the next day.

TIP: Read our post with tips and attractions in Moscow for a Moscow city break

Trans-Siberian line: Moscow to Vladivostok

The legendary and original mainline from Moscow to Vladivostok is mostly following the historic path over the continent. Trains leave Moscow daily for this 9,259 km long journey. Depending on the train number, this route takes at least 143 hours, or around six full days. It can take longer. Some of the trains have slightly different routes or more stops en route.

The prime choice for this route is train number 1/2, the Rossiya. Train 1 is westbound and, train 2 is eastbound. Rossiya is regarded as the best train along this route, with the best comfort, service and food. It is also the most expensive one, so if you’re on a budget, consider doing only shorter legs with this train, and combine it with other trains, e.g. train number 62.

• Train number 1/2 has daily departures, in both directions
• Train number 61/62 departs Mon, Thurs, Sat, both directions
• If you plan to stop on your way, it is also possible to travel by trains that follow the same route but doesn’t go all the way to Vladivostok. It is still the Trans-Siberian Railway.
• Train number 70 will take you from Moscow to cities like Yekaterinburg, Novosibirsk or Irkutsk. In any of these cities, you can catch up with train number 2 or 62.
• For stops before Irkutsk, you can travel with the trains going to China and Mongolia and later change to trains for Vladivostok.

Trans-Manchurian line: Moscow to Beijing via Manchuria

This route takes just over six days for travelling 8,986 km. Train number 19/20 has weekly departures to or from Beijing via Manchuria (train 19 is westbound and train 20 is eastbound). This train follows the mainline on the Trans-Siberian Railway between Moscow and Chita. Also here you can combine it with stops and other trains. This route is operated by Russian trains.

• Train number 19/20 departs Saturday nights from both cities
• This train does not go via Mongolia. You will need visas for Russia and China only
• Take this train if you wish to visit the Harbin International Ice Snow Sculpture Festival in China

Trans-Mongolian line: Moscow to Beijing via Ulaanbaatar

This is the most popular route for western travellers on a Trans-Siberian Railway trip. This route is 7,621 km and takes 6 nights. With this train, you will have the chance to experience three different countries with their unique cultures. After travelling over Siberia, this train cuts across Mongolia and the Gobi desert before entering China.

TIP: Read our post on the Oslo to Bergen train an incredible beautiful train journey

The major train on this route is the weekly train number 3/4 (train 3 is westbound and train 4 is eastbound). This route is operated with Chinese trains, but when in Russia, a Russian restaurant car is attached, then later a Mongolian before a Chinese restaurant car for the last part of the trip is attached.

• Train 3 departs Beijing every Wednesday
• Train 4 departs Moscow every Tuesday
• Between Moscow and Ulan Ude you can combine this route with all other trains
• Most travellers on this train need a visa to Russia and China, and some also to Mongolia

Other routes

There are other alternative routes to take on your Trans-Siberian Railway trip as well, where you later can connect with the mainline to Vladivostok, or with the trains to China.

One route runs via Kazan, the capital and largest city of the Republic of Tatarstan in southwest Russia. Another option is the train via Yaroslavl, northeast of Moscow. Yaroslavl is part of the Golden Ring of ancient towns in Russia.

TIP: Read our post on the best places to visit in Russia’s Golden Ring

4. Choose your Trans-Siberian Railway stops

When you have chosen your preferred route for your Trans-Siberian Railway trip, it is time to choose your stops. It is possible to travel the whole journey in one go. But we do recommend stopping en route to your destination. Russia has so much to see, so it would be sad to miss out on a stop there.

Depending on the time you have, you can almost have unlimited stops. If you follow the mainline, there are several interesting places in Russia to visit. Perm, Yekaterinburg, Omsk, Novosibirsk, Irkutsk (Lake Baikal) and Ulan Ude are all recommended places to stop, among many others.

We chose two stops along the route, in Yekaterinburg and Irkutsk. If you have limited time, and can’t do too many stops, these two cities will give you many options to explore Russian culture, cities and nature.

Best things to do in Yekaterinburg

Yekaterinburg just west of the Ural mountains is the gateway between Europe and Asia. With a population of over 1,3 million, it is a major Russian city. The history goes long back but is maybe most famous for being the city where former president Boris Yeltsin came to rise, and also for being the city where Russia’s last monarchs, the Romanov family were executed.

The city centre is lively, with a mix of grand old and communist-era style buildings. The city has good cafes and restaurants. After some time on the train, a break here can be very welcome. If you visit Yekaterinburg in the winter, the city has a small ice sculpture festival in the city centre.

If you like opera or ballet (and think Bolshoi in Moscow is too expensive), Yekaterinburg has an excellent opera and ballet house showing first-class productions throughout the year. We were lucky and got good tickets for The Nutcracker for only €50.

If you’d like a detour out of the city, you can visit the Europe-Asia border, located 40km west of the city. Yekaterinburg For You can arrange the trip for you.

Our highlights in Yekaterinburg:

• Visit the Church upon the Blood. This is the death site of Tsar Nicholas II and his family
• See the mansion house of Sevastyanov
• Watch an opera or ballet at Ural Opera & Ballet . Book tickets in advance
• Eat excellent Uzbek food at the restaurant Nigora
• Visit the Ascension Church
• Enjoy the mix of architectural styles

Best things to do in Irkutsk

This Siberian city is such a hidden treasure. Irkutsk is beautiful. One of the best things to do there is simply to wander around its streets and take in the beauty of the city.

From streets full of beautifully crafted wooden houses to spectacular churches and monasteries, Irkutsk really was a pleasant surprise. The food scene in the city is also great. Cute cafes serve delicious breakfasts, trendy cafes have excellent coffee and restaurants serve mouth-watering Asian food.

TIP: Read our post on Flamsbana Railway in Norway . It is said to be one of the most beautiful train journeys in the world

Irkutsk is the gateway to the famous Lake Baikal. You can visit the lake on a day trip from Irkutsk, or better spend a night or two. Most hotels and hostels in Irkutsk can help arrange trips to Baikal. The nearby, lakeside village of Listvyanka is a good starting point for exploring Lake Baikal. You can reach the village by hourly bus from outside the tourist office in Irkutsk.

Our highlights in Irkutsk:

• Wandering along the river and the streets to look at all the cute wooden houses and churches
• Visit the amazing Kazan Church of Irkutsk
• Visit Znamensky Monastery
• Eat excellent Asian food and Russian dumplings
• See the Epiphany Monastery

5. Classes on the Trans-Siberian Railway

Of the regular trains, train number 1/2, the Rossiya , has the best standard. It is very comfortable, but don’t expect luxury even when travelling on this train.

There are usually two or three classes to choose from when booking your ticket, but this may vary from train to train, season and demand. The berths (rooms) don’t vary that much. It is more about the space, and how many you will share the berth with.

Which class you should choose depends on your wishes and your budget. If you value privacy, choose the first class. If you travel on a budget, choose the third class. On the other hand, if you want to meet the locals as they travel, choose this class as well. Choose the second class for anything in between.

To get the best experience of a Trans-Siberian railway trip, we would recommend a mix of the classes (if you have stops along the route). It will give you unforgettable memories with locals, and ensure some privacy and calmness on the trip.

First class

1st class berths, known as Spainy Vagon or SV , on Russian trains are usually the same as 2nd class, but only the lower beds as used, meaning you only share the berth with one other person. On Chinese trains, known as deluxe sleeper , you normally sleep in the upper bed and can relax on a sofa during the day.

On trains without first class, it is possible to buy out the whole berth for single-use or to buy out the left-over beds in your berth if you are more people travelling.

The luggage is stored under the lower beds, and the berth is equipped with a reading light and electric socket. There are toilets and washrooms at each end of the wagon. Some trains have a shower available. Ask your train host if your train has showers for rent.

Second class

Usually, 2. class is known as Kupe, which are 4-bed berths with two upper and two lower beds. The lower beds function as a sitting area during the daytime. Expect to share your lower bed with passengers from the upper bed during the day, e.g. for meals. The second class on Chinese trains is called soft sleeper .

The luggage is stored under the lower beds, and the compartment is equipped with a reading light and electric socket. There are toilets and washrooms at each end of the wagon.

Third class

The third class, known as platskartny , has an open plan with 54 bunks per wagon, arranged in groups of 4 or 2. Here you will have a lack of privacy, but on the other hand, you are guaranteed nice encounters with your fellow passengers.

If you are travelling on a tight budget, the third class will be the best option. It is significantly cheaper than the higher classes.

Private luxury trains

If you have the money and are looking for a once-in-a-lifetime experience, one of the private luxury trains could be the option for you. Here you travel in a secluded world, with meals, excursions and the best comfort included. It is expensive, so only expect to meet other wealthy travellers on this train. The downside is that you won’t have many encounters with the locals if you choose one of these trains.

Check Golden Eagle or Imperial Russia for more information on private luxury trains.

6. How much does the Trans-Siberian cost?

It’s a myth that a Trans-Siberian Railway trip is very expensive. On the contrary, when thinking of the distance travelled, it comes out as very affordable indeed.

In addition to the Trans-Siberian-Railway ticket itself, there are some additional costs you need to add:

• Costs for the visa(s)
• Health insurance
• Flights (or other transport) to start and endpoint
• Accommodation before and after the train ride, plus at the stops you make
• Food and drinks
• Personal expenses

The price of the train tickets depends on the time of year you travel, and your preferred class. The high season is June to August when the ticket prices are at the highest. Also around Russian New Year and Christmas, the prices rise. The same goes for the Chinese train around Chinese New Year.

In general, it is cheaper to travel the whole Trans-Siberian without stops, as you then travel on the same ticket the whole way. Making stops will raise the ticket cost, but not that much. The more stops you make, the higher the total cost you will get (when you stop you have to buy several independent tickets).

Your travel class will affect the ticket price the most, and in general, a first-class ticket is around double of a second-class 4-berth ticket. The lower bed is more expensive than the upper bed. Some tickets on certain trains also include one or a few meals, but far from all the meals, you’ll need.

Price example (per person) from our Trans-Siberian Railway trip (January 2020):

• Train number 70 Moscow-Yekaterinburg, 2nd class, 4-bed berth, lower bed: €68/ $83
• Train number 2, the Rossiya , Yekaterinburg-Irkutsk, 2nd class 4-bed berth, upper bed:€129 / $158
• Train number 100 Irkutsk-Vladivostok, 2nd class, 4-bed berth, upper bed: €121/ $149/ lower bed: €157 / $193

Total price Moscow-Vladivostok with two stops: €672/ $825, or only €336/ $412 per person. With more stops, the price will go up, and without stops, it will go down, but the difference is really not that much.

Tickets from Moscow to Beijing can cost as little as €550/ $680, but the real bargain is on the classic route from Moscow to Vladivostok.

As seen above, it is possible to make a Trans-Siberian Railway trip quite cheap. If you travel only third class, you can save more, and first-class would cost around double. The total price for the whole trip will then more depend on your choice of accommodation before, during and after the trip, and how much the flights or other transport costs before and after the train itself. With budget accommodation and low-cost airlines, it is possible to do this whole trip for less than €1000/ $1230, food and activities not included, if you live in Europe.

Expect to pay much more if you use a travel agent. Should you prefer to book via a travel agency, you will get the best deal from local offices in China or Mongolia, while the western ones usually will be the most pricey option.

For private luxury trains, you should expect to pay more than €10,000 (up to €20,000). And that’s per person!

7. How to book Trans-Siberian Railway tickets?

When you have decided your route and planned which stops your Trans-Siberian railway trip should have, it is time to book your tickets.

Booking tickets to the Trans-Siberian Railway is surprisingly easy and straightforward. There is no need to ask a travel agent at home or in Russia to do this for you. Expect to pay much more if you use a travel agent.

Tickets are available for booking 60 days before departure. Especially in the high season, it is recommended to book in advance, but often it is possible to find tickets 2-3 days in advance online or at the train stations in Russia. The Trans-Mongolian line is popular and can sell out due to only one departure per week. Book way ahead unless you are very flexible on time.

During the booking process, you can choose between available berths and between upper or lower beds. You can also choose between mixed-gender or female berth only. Smoking is prohibited anywhere on the train, so you don’t have to fear smoking in your compartment.

TIP: There are toilets at each end of the wagons. If the toilet is full, it can stink really bad, also in the corridor and berths close by. Choose your berth in the middle of the wagon.

How to book tickets at the Trans-Siberian railway (for trains starting in Russia)

• Go to the official website of the Russian Railways (site in English)
• Click on log-in or registration to create a profile (mandatory before booking)
• Type in from/to and date and search
• Click on the from-price in the class you prefer, and see which berths are available
• Choose your berth, and if you want an upper or lower bed
• Fill in personal information, confirm, and pay (NB: you need to add your passport number)
• Voila! You have your ticket
• Tickets work electronic but, we recommend a print-out in case of battery issues

PLEASE NOTE: This way of booking is at the moment only available for trains starting in Russia. You can not book tickets online on this site for trains starting in China or Mongolia. Some US-issued credit cards may get rejected.

How to buy tickets on trains starting in China and Mongolia:

• You can not buy tickets for the Trans-Siberian Railway at Beijing stations
• The CITS international train booking office is recommended for purchasing tickets in China and Mongolia
• In Ulaanbaatar, you can buy tickets at the international ticket office next to the train station

8. Life onboard the Trans-Siberian Railway

A journey on the Trans-Siberian Railway is slow travel at its best. Prepare yourself for days on the tracks with many fellow passengers coming and going. The encounters with fellow passengers, tourists and locals, will be some of the most memorable moments of this trip. Keep in mind that the Trans-Siberian is not run for tourists. It is as it’s meant to be; a passenger train made for transporting many people over long distances. Don’t expect nightclubs and entertainment onboard.

Even though you will spend hours and days onboard the train, you hardly will have time to get bored. Somehow, the days pass by as the Siberian landscape slowly glides by outside your window. Relax, watch the scenery outside, read, play a game, listen to music or podcasts or watch a downloaded movie or series. Talk with your fellow passengers, stretch your legs at the stops, have a drink and enjoy your journey. That’s all that it’s about!

Please note that onboard the train, they always use Moscow time. Time tables show both Moscow and local time. Keep track of the time zone, and you will manage.

Before boarding the train

Essential items to pack

• Comfy clothes
• Slip-on footwear
• Electric adapter
• Toilet paper
• Bottled water
• Instant food

Arrival and boarding

• Trains in Russia are punctual
• Check the name of the station closely
• Arrive latest 30 min before departure
• Platform and track will be displayed in the departure hall
• Keep tickets and passports safe but available for inspection

Arrival on the train

Upon arrival, you will meet your train host, the provodnitsa. She is the boss, your best friend, and must be obeyed. Each wagon has its provodnitsa, and on long trains, they work in pairs (one works while the other rests). They only speak Russian and can seem very strict and fearsome, but mostly they are friendly and helpful.

On arrival, she will check your ticket and provide you with the bed linen. Her most important task is to keep her wagon clean, tidy and warm. She also makes sure that the samovar (water boiler) at the end of the corridor always contains hot water for your use.

At the beginning of the journey, they usually also offer some souvenirs or snacks they have for sale. Buy something, and you have a friend and helper for the rest of the journey. If you need something, like plates, cups or cutlery, you can often borrow it from her (for a small tip).

Your compartment

Depending on if you travel solo, as a couple or in a small group, usually, you share your compartment with other passengers, unless you have bought all beds. Be polite, greet fellow travellers and try to interact with them.

You can be lucky or not so lucky with your roommates, but that’s also a part of the experience. Put baggage under the seats, and keep personal belongings in your bed. Respect that people want to sleep in the night, and expect fellow passengers to come and go at all times as the train stops frequently.

If you have the lower bed, you are expected to make room for passengers in the upper bed to sit in your bed and share the table at meals. Not everyone is so happy with doing this, but all passengers have the right to use the table.

TIP: If you are two travelling together, book one lower and one upper bed on the same side. Then you can rest whenever you want, and sharing the lower bed as a daytime sofa and the table is never a problem.

Meals on board

Let’s be honest: don’t expect your Trans-Siberian Railway trip to be a culinary journey. In that case, you will get deeply disappointed. If your ticket includes some meals, you will get them brought to your compartment. Every train has a restaurant car, with various decorations. The food in the restaurant car is disappointing and nothing special. It is quite pricey for such low quality.

Try the food in the restaurant car as part of your experience. But don’t have all your meals here. Eat most meals in your compartment, and rather use the restaurant car for a drink or two during the day. It is a good place to meet other travellers.

Buy instant food, like noodles, soups and stews before you board the train. The samovar in your wagon always has hot water you can use. Stock up on fruits, crackers and other dry food items. When the train stops for more than just a few minutes you can buy more food at the stations along the route.

Short stops along the route

The many shortstops along the route are one of the highlights during the day onboard. Sometimes the train stops for just a few minutes and other times for anything between 30 minutes to an hour. Each wagon is equipped with a timetable showing the stops along the route. The timetable states arrival and departure times at each stop.

When the train only stops for a few minutes, it can be worth getting off to get some fresh air and stretch your legs. Don’t be late back. The train will not wait for you.

Life on the stations is some of the most fun and memorable moments of this journey. Passengers come and go, and everywhere it’s busy activities. Small stalls sell fresh or preserved food, drinks, fruits and sweets. Locals often also offer local products for sale. It can be handcrafted items, souvenirs, food and drinks. Often you can find fresh bread on the stations, and in some places, you can also find warm food. Try the smoked fish offered at the stations in Siberia. It’s delicious and a good supplement to all the instant food.

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2 thoughts on “Total Guide to plan & book a great Trans-Siberian Railway Trip”

Hello guys!! Just loved your blog on the transiberian. It cleared my mind and encourage us to a future trip. Have fun and enjoy life as you two always do and maybe our paths will cross some day on a post covid dream trip. Big hugs from Monterrey, Mexico.

Thank you very much for your feedback! Trans-Siberian is such a great adventure that we would recommend to everyone.

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We are Matthias and Kent. With a strong desire to travel the world, we create articles and travel guides from our many trips. We aim to inspire you to explore the world, near and far. Maybe your next adventure is closer than you think?