cruise missiles onyx

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• P-800 Oniks (SS-N-26 Strobile)

The P-800 Oniks anti-ship cruise missile is a supersonic cruise missile with variants that can be deployed from land or air. Its development began in 1983, and it became operational in 2002. The missile launches from a vertical position and uses angular thrusters located near the nose to reposition itself horizontally and begin its flight path toward the target. The missile then flies at supersonic speeds, can maneuver to avoid air defense, and is resistant to electronic countermeasures. Its ground-based variant, the Yakhont, is placed on a Bastion-P road-mobile launcher as part of a coastal defense system. The Bastion-P, or a TEL vehicle, can carry two of the Yakhont missiles, which can be launched within five seconds of each other. The P-800 Oniks is primarily an anti-ship missile, but has been seeing more use against ground forces in Russia’s ongoing fight against Syrian rebels.

Strategic Implications

On November 16 th , 2016 Russia fired Yakhont missiles from road-mobile launchers located within Syria as part of a coordinated strike against rebel groups. This was the first instance of the Bastion system being used in a surface-to-surface capacity. On the same day, November 16 th , 2016, Russia reportedly deployed two Bastion launchers to Kaliningrad, an exclave of the Russian Federation. This is significant as the territory borders two NATO members, Poland and Lithuania. Russia’s placement of these Bastion systems threatens travel through the Baltic sea. The P-800 Oniks and Yakhont missiles are very versatile weapons that Russia has exported to other countries. Russia and India have also collaborated on the BrahMos missile, derived from the P-800.

In 2009, Syria purchased 72 coastal defense missiles and 36 of the TEL ground-based launchers from Russia. According to reports, Russia’s P-800 has fallen into the hands of Hezbollah , the Lebanese terrorist group. In 2006, Hezbollah used two Chinese C-802 anti-ship missiles to strike Egyptian and Israeli vessels. The P-800 is a superior weapon to the C-802, and adding it to Hezbollah’s arsenal is a threat to stability in the region, especially on the seas.

https://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/ss-n-26/

http://www.military-today.com/missiles/p800_oniks.htm

http://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-russia-strikes-idUSKBN13A19Y?il=0

http://www.defenddemocracy.org/media-hit/russian-yakhont-missiles-in-hezbollahs-hands/

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P-800 oniks-one of the strongest anti ship missiles. know all about it..

If there is a list of the most powerful weapons in the world, then Russia’s top missile, the P-800 anti-ship missile is definitely on the list; its range can reach 300 kilometers, and the maximum speed can reach Mach 3.5.

And it can change its trajectory in flight. It is said that only one can sink a large warship, and if five P-800s are fired simultaneously, it will cause severe damage to the aircraft carrier.

P-800 “Onyx,” NATO code name SS-N-26 is a supersonic anti-ship missile designed by the Soviet Chelomei Design Bureau in 1983 to replace the P-270 “Mosquito” and P-700 “Granite.” 

 An improved version of the 700, GRAU number 3M55, The export type is called Yakhont, which means ruby ​​or sapphire, also known as a ruby ​​anti-ship missile.

The vertical launch SS-N-26 “Ruby” new-generation supersonic anti-ship missile belongs to the fourth generation of anti-ship missiles. The projectile has super attack capability and can carry out single-shot or salvo attacks on an enemy surface ship.

The missile has a flight speed of Mach 2.5, and the final flight altitude can be reduced to 5 meters. It adopts a composite navigation system. The cruise section is inertial navigation, and the final section is active radar guidance. Depending on the launch trajectory, the maximum range is 120 kilometers and 300 kilometers, respectively.

Compared with the previous generations of anti-ship missiles made by Russia (Soviet Union), the most significant feature of the “Ruby” anti-ship missile system is its versatility. 

This missile has been thoroughly considered from the beginning for the versatility of different vehicles: it can be deployed on submarines, surface ships, and speedboats, can also be mounted on aircraft, and can also be used by shore-based launchers. 

In terms of generality, it greatly exceeds the “record setter” in this field – the US “Harpoon” anti-ship missile. In addition, the “Ruby” missile also has the following outstanding features: 

• A range beyond the horizon.
• fully autonomous combat use (“fire-and-forget”).
• flexible ballistics for a cruise (“low ballistic” or “high-low ballistic”).
• Maintains supersonic speeds during all phases of flight.
• It has shallow exposure characteristics to modern radars.

Developed based on the P-800 “Ruby” anti-ship missile, it adopts a shuttle dart-type aerodynamic layout design, and the surface of the missile body is coated with radar absorbing materials, which has excellent stealth capabilities. 

It adopts a two-stage power system of the solid rocket booster and ramjet engine and a combination of active radar guidance and satellite navigation.

 It has excellent supersonic flight performance and hit accuracy and can also use ultra-low altitude maneuvering ballistics flight, with a strong penetration ability.

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Ukraine's Intelligence Details Russian Missile Arsenal Amid Escalating Conflict .

The Main Intelligence Directorate of Ukraine's Ministry of Defense (GUR) on mai, 1st 2024, has provided detailed information regarding Russia's missile stocks, including the Zircon, Onyx, Caliber, and Kh-69 types. According to the data collected, by the end of April 2024, Russia would have numerous missiles ready for use, with significant production capacities for each type, allowing for continued future strikes.

In footage released by the Russian Defense Ministry in 2022, a Zircon hypersonic cruise missile is seen being launched by a Russian navy frigate from the Barents Sea. (Picture source: Russian MoD)

The Main Intelligence Directorate of Ukraine's Ministry of Defense GUR reported that the Russian arsenal includes approximately 40 3M22 Zircon hypersonic anti-ship missiles, with a production capacity reaching 10 units per month. Regarding the 3M55/3M55M "Onyx" and "Onyx-M" cruise missiles, Russia would possess 400 units, with a monthly production also estimated at 10 missiles. For the 3M-14 "Caliber" cruise missiles, Russian forces would have 270 units, with a monthly production rate of 30 to 40 missiles. Finally, for the Kh-69 guided air missiles, the stock would be 45 units, with production varying between 1 and 3 missiles per month.

Zircon missile, also known as the 3M22 Zircon, is a hypersonic anti-ship missile developed by Russia. Capable of traveling at speeds of Mach 8 to Mach 9, Zircon can cover distances up to 1000 kilometers. It is designed to evade radar detection and defense systems due to its high speed and maneuverability. The missile can be launched from naval vessels and submarines, making it a formidable tool for targeting enemy warships and land targets with precision, enhancing the strategic strike capabilities of the Russian military.

Onyx, also known under the export version name Yakhont, is a supersonic anti-ship cruise missile that has a maximum range of approximately 300 kilometers and can reach speeds up to Mach 2.5. The missile is designed to be launched from ship, submarine, air, and land platforms, offering flexibility in various military scenarios. The Onyx uses a combination of inertial guidance and active radar homing to approach its target, making it effective in penetrating defenses at high speeds and delivering powerful conventional warheads.

The Caliber missile, specifically the 3M-14 variant, is a long-range cruise missile that can travel up to 2,500 kilometers depending on the version. Designed for precision strike capabilities, it can be launched from surface ships, submarines, and possibly from land-based platforms. The Caliber is known for its versatility, being capable of targeting both land and maritime targets, which makes it a key component of Russia's strategic and tactical missile forces. It employs advanced guidance technology to maintain accuracy over long distances, even in electronically contested environments.

The Kh-69 missile is a newer type of guided air missile developed by Russia, primarily intended for precision strikes against ground targets. While specific details on its capabilities and range remain less publicized compared to other Russian missiles, it is designed to be launched from aircraft, adding to the flexibility of the Russian air forces in engaging diverse target sets with precision. The Kh-69 is part of a modern generation.

This information comes in a context of heightened tensions, marked by the intensive use of these arsenals in the ongoing conflict against Ukraine. The GUR specifically indicated that in a single night, on April 27, 2024, Russia launched a combined attack using various types of missiles, specifically targeting Ukraine from different regions. In total, 34 missiles were used during this attack, including Kh-101/Kh-555 launched from Tu-95 MS strategic bombers, Kh-59/Kh-69, S-300 guided anti-aircraft missiles, Iskander-K, Kinzhal Kh-47M2, and Kalibr cruise missiles.

The Ukrainian defense forces, mobilizing fighter aircraft, anti-aircraft missile units, and electronic warfare equipment, successfully repelled this massive air offensive. Lieutenant General Mykola Oleschuk, commander of the Ukrainian Armed Forces' Air Force, confirmed that 21 aerial targets were destroyed during these engagements, including 6 Kh-101/Kh-555 cruise missiles, 8 Kh-59/Kh-69 guided air missiles, one Iskander-K cruise missile, and 6 Kalibr cruise missiles.

Furthermore, Lieutenant General Kyrylo Budanov, head of the GUR, emphasized that despite the recent reduced use of "Caliber" missiles compared to the Kh-101, these are still stockpiled in large quantities and ready to be used. This indicates a strategy of conserving "Caliber" missiles, considered less effective than the Kh-101, for potential future uses.

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Russia Test Fires Onyx Antiship Missile

On September 26, a Russian Northern Fleet tactical group test launched the Onyx (NATO: SS-N-26 “Strobile”) antiship cruise missile (ASCM) from a Bastion coastal missile system on Kotelny Island. Multiple missiles were fired at maritime targets in the Laptev Sea approximately 60 km from the launch site. Commander of the Northern Fleet Admiral Nikolai Evmenov said the test successfully met its objectives. The Onyx is a solid-fueled ASCM with a range of 300 km, armed with either a high explosive or semi-armor piercing warhead. This test marked the first use of the Bastion launching system, which was deployed to Kotelny in 2016.

Related Links

Northern Fleet to use Bastion coastal missile system at the Arctic exercise for the first time , Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation Russia shows off new missile shooting in high Arctic , The Barents Observer

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Moscow fires cruise missiles in sea drills between Russia and Alaska

(Reuters) - Russia fired cruise missiles at mock targets in the seas separating it from Alaska on Monday in what it said was an exercise to protect its northern shipping route in the Arctic.

The defence ministry said Vulcan, Granit and Onyx cruise missiles were fired over distances of hundreds of kilometres to strike targets simulating enemy ships in the Bering Sea.

The exercise involved land-, ship- and submarine-launched missiles and included about 10,000 military personnel, as well as planes and helicopters, the ministry said.

The drills took place on Russia's Chukotka peninsula and in the Chukchi and Bering Seas, and were supervised by Admiral Nikolai Yevmenov, commander-in-chief of the Russian navy.

Russia is keen to demonstrate its continued ability to project force in the Arctic and the far east despite the strains on its armed forces from the 18-month war in Ukraine.

Moscow said last year it planned to spend almost $30 billion by 2035 on developing the northern sea route, which has become more viable as climate change has reduced sea ice in the Arctic. It runs across the top of Russia from Murmansk near the borders with Norway and Finland to the Bering Strait near Alaska.

President Vladimir Putin highlighted the importance of the route in a speech to the BRICS group of countries last month, saying Russia was planning to construct new ports and fuel terminals and expand its icebreaker fleet.

(Writing by Mark Trevelyan; Editing by Kevin Liffey)

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• International

May 9, 2022: Russia-Ukraine news

By Rhea Mogul , Andrew Raine , Tara John , Ben Church, Aditi Sangal , Laura Smith-Spark and Maureen Chowdhury, CNN

Missiles fired at Ukraine's southern Odesa region, says official

From CNN's Julia Kesaieva

Russian forces have fired four Onyx cruise missiles at the Odesa region in southern Ukraine, according to the spokesman for the Odesa region military administration, Serhiy Bratchuk.

"The missiles arrived from the territory of the temporarily occupied Crimea," he said. Russian forces illegally annexed Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula in 2014.

Bratchuk provided no details of where the missiles had struck.

Ukraine's Black Sea coast has seen a significant uptick in missile attacks by Russian forces in recent days.

Russia sees a "low key" parade, defense analyst says

From CNN's Brad Lendon in Seoul

Nicholas Drummond, a defense industry analyst specializing in land warfare, described this year's Victory Day parade in Moscow as a "very low key" affair.

The commemoration saw thousands of troops assemble outside the Kremlin in the Red Square and Russia's President Vladimir Putin reiterate his reasons for invading Ukraine. But the expected air portion of the annual event was canceled due to weather, a Kremlin official said.

Ukrainian officials say there was no parade in Mariupol

From Tim Lister in Lviv and Julia Kesaieva

Ukrainian officials have commented on the apparently muted commemoration of Victory Day in occupied Mariupol.

An adviser to the Mariupol mayor, Petro Andriushchenko, said there had been no parade but that flowers were laid at a memorial recently refurbished by Russian-backed separatists.

The leader of the self-declared Donetsk People's Republic (DPR), Denis Pushilin, lit the eternal flame in Mariupol to mark Victory Day, according to video released by the DPR Telegram channel "PRO_Republic."

Separately, the Mariupol city council said: "The occupiers celebrate Victory Day on the bones of Mariupol residents. Hundreds of citizens killed by the Russian army continue to be taken to the mass grave near the village of Vynohradne."

"Little" to glean from Putin speech on how Russia plans to proceed in Ukraine

CNN's International Diplomatic Editor Nic Robertson noted that there was "little" to read into how Russia plans to go forward in Ukraine following President Vladimir Putin's speech at Monday's Victory Day parade in Moscow.

"I was struck by the way that he referred at least to the battlezone... as Donbas, rather than the whole of Ukraine," he said. He added that the speech provided no sense that Russia was backing down from the fight.

"We will win" says Zelensky in his own Victory Day message

From CNN's Tim Lister

As Russian President Vladimir Putin delivered his Victory Day speech in Moscow on Monday, Ukraine's President Volodymyr Zelensky released his own video message.

"We will never forget what our ancestors did in World War II, which killed more than eight million Ukrainians. Very soon there will be two Victory Days in Ukraine. And someone won't have any.

"We won then. We will win now. Happy Victory over Nazism Day!"

Small pro-Russian events in Ukraine's Kherson region on Victory Day

From Tim Lister in Lviv

Pro-Russian social media accounts have begun circulating video shot in the Kherson region of Ukraine on Monday showing celebrations of Victory Day.

The events appear to have drawn small crowds waving red flags and carrying flowers.

Ukrainian activists in Kherson have claimed that Russia has brought in people from Crimea to bolster the numbers attending.

Russian state media have been quick to report on Victory Day celebrations in occupied parts of Ukraine.

State-run news agency RIA Novosti reported that in Kherson, a procession in memory of the heroes of the Great Patriotic War was taking place for the first time.

Vladimir Saldo, the head of the city administration, congratulated residents who gathered in the Park of Glory with portraits of their relatives who participated in the war, the news agency said.

People with Russian flags and a large banner with the inscription "Immortal Regiment" are walking from the park through the streets of the city, according to RIA Novosti.

The videos available so far suggest a modest turnout for the rally.

On Monday, Kirill Stremousov, the Russian-appointed deputy chairman of the region's military-civilian administration, told RIA Novosti that the Kherson region would strive for integration with Russia.

"We are not planning to hold a referendum and create a republic," he told the agency. "Today, based on the opportunities that we have, we will integrate as much as possible into the Russian Federation."

Putin tries to defend Ukraine invasion in Victory Day speech

From CNN's Radina Gigova in London 

In a speech marking Russia's Victory Day on Monday, President Vladimir Putin sought to link his country's struggle against Nazi Germany in World War Two with his invasion of Ukraine and baselessly claimed the West had given him no choice.

Putin said the intervention in Ukraine was necessary as the West was creating "threats next to our borders" and "preparing for the invasion of our land." 

He also said the West didn't want to hear Russia's proposals for dialogue.

"NATO countries did not want to hear us," Putin said, adding that that means "they had very different plans and we could see that."

"Russia gave a preemptive rebuff to aggression -- it was a forced and sovereign decision," he said.

Putin told troops that "today you are defending what your grandfathers and great-grandfathers fought for."

He also addressed the soldiers of Donbas" who "together with Russian soldiers" are fighting for the "motherland." Donbas , a sprawling heartland region that blankets much of eastern Ukraine, has been the front line of Ukraine's conflict with Russia since 2014.

Fighting has intensified in the region in recent weeks as Putin refocused his war strategy following stiff resistance from Ukrainian forces.

"I address the servicemen of Donbas," Putin said in the speech. "You are fighting for the motherland, for its future, so that lessons of World War Two are not forgotten," he said, adding, "there is no place in history for the punitive divisions of Nazis."

"We bow our heads in the memory of our comrades in arms who died in the just struggle for Russia," he said. 

After those remarks, a moment of silence followed. 

Air portion of Victory Day parade is canceled due to weather, Kremlin official says

From CNN's Brad Lendon

The air portion of the Victory Day parade in Moscow has been canceled because of weather, Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov told state-run news agency RIA Novosti.

The ceremony was due to feature 77 aircraft flying over Moscow's Red Square, commemorating the 77th anniversary of the Soviet Union defeating Nazi Germany in World War Two.

What to expect at Russia's Victory Day parade

Russia's annual Victory Day parade in Red Square in Moscow has started. The commemoration, which marks the end of World War Two, got underway when Russian President Vladimir Putin arrived to take his seat in the grandstand with top officials.

Western officials speculate Putin could use the day to formally acknowledge Russia's war with Ukraine, allowing him to step up his campaign.

Here's what to expect:

• Putin is expected to deliver remarks, pausing part-way through for a moment of silence. 
• Bands play the national anthem as guns fire after his speech, followed by a parade of troops through the square.
• In previous years, ground-based weapons have been driven through the square, followed by aerial flypasts.
• Bands process out of the square.
• Putin leaves the stage with Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu and other officials, then walks through the square.
• Putin arrives at Tomb of the Unknown Soldier for a separate commemoration ceremony where he will lay a wreath at the tomb.

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• Missiles database

Characteristics: 

Testing: .

One of the first carriers of the complex is a multipurpose nuclear submarine of the project 885 "Ash", which belongs to the fourth generation of submarines. The keelmark in the series, called "Severodvinsk", took place on December 21, 1993. The boat carries 24 missiles in inclined launch shafts. The natural model of the new anti-ship missile in an export version (a variant for underwater, surface and shore-based), was first publicly demonstrated at the exhibition MAKS-97. It was also exhibited at MAKS-99.

The advertising passport for the small rocket ship of project 21632 "Tornado" (approved on 26.04.2008) indicates the possibility of placing the Yakhont complex as one of the weapon variants.

According to military analysts' forecasts, the Yakhont complex will have no analogues in the world for another 10 years. This can be proved by the interest expressed by foreign buyers. A number of countries of the Asia-Pacific region, the Middle East, which in the past bought Russian ships and boats with cruise missiles, have already become interested in the novelty of the domestic military industrial complex. PCR Yakhont also has good prospects in terms of upgrading foreign-built ships, where it can replace the Harpoon , Exocet , and Otomat anti-ship complexes.

Other languages:

• Description
• Composition
• Characteristics

Classification:

Similar in definition and basing:.

Bal-E mobile coastal missile system

Spike-NLOS multi-purpose missile system

Spike-ER multi-purpose anti-tank missile system

SM-6 anti-aircraft guided missile (RIM-174 Standard ERAM)

DF-21 medium-range missile system

Experimental multi-purpose guided missile JAGM

Aircraft guided missile X-59MK (X-59MK2)

K-10S cruise missile (K-10 "Kometa-10" complex)

COP-1 "Comet" cruise missile

X-20 cruise missile (K-20 complex)

• Anti-ship cruise missiles of Russia
• Anti-ship cruise missiles of the Soviet Union
• Ramjet engines
• Surface-to-surface missiles

Advantages [ ]

Over-the-horizon firing range, full autonomy of combat use ("fire and forget"), a set of flexible ("low", "high-low") trajectories, high supersonic speed on all phases of flight, full harmonization for a wide range of platforms (surface ships of all major classes, submarines and land-based launchers), low profile RCS ("STEALTH" technology), the use of the missile in electronic countermeasures environment.

Operational history [ ]

In 2010 Sergei Prikhodko, senior adviser to the Russian President, has said that Russia intends to deliver P-800 to Syria based on the contracts signed in 2007. [3] [4] Syria received 2 Bastion missile systems with 36 missiles each (72 in total). [5] The missiles' test was broadcast by Syrian state TV. [6]

In May 2013, Russia continued the contract delivery to the Syrian government of Bashar al-Assad supplying missiles with an advanced radar to make them more effective to counter any future foreign military intervention. [7] [8] The warehouse containing the Bastion launchers was destroyed in an Israeli air strike on Latakia on 5 July 2013, but US intelligence analysts believe that some missiles had been removed before the attack. [9]

Specifications [ ]

• Length: 8.9 m
• Diameter: 0.7 m
• Wingspan: 1.7 m
• Weight: 3100 kg
• Speed at altitude: 750 m / s (Mach 2.6)
• Surface speed: Mach 2
• Engine: ramjet, weight 200 kg, 4 tons of thrust
• Range: 120–300 km
• for the combined trajectory (the length of the final section 40 km) - 300 km
• for low-altitude trajectory - 120 km
• Flight altitude of 10-14000m
• Warhead: 250 kg
• Period of storage: 7 years [10]
• Fuel: kerosene T-6

Radar homing head.

• all-weather monopulse active-passive, with frequency hopping
• Immunity: high, from active spoofing, dipole clouds
• Range: 50 km active [11]
• Launchable sea state - up to 7 points
• Warm-up time from power on: no more than 2 min
• Current consumption at 27 V circuit: up to 38 A
• The maximum angle of the target search - ± 45 °
• Homing weight - 85 kg

Variants [ ]

• Oniks - Base version for Russia
• Yakhont - Export version of Oniks
• Brahmos - Co-developed by Russia and India, based on Oniks, produced by BrahMos Aerospace Private Limited in India. BrahMos-II , a hypersonic version is also being developed.
• Bastion-P - Coast mobile missile system

Operators [ ]

References [ ].

• ↑ http://www.npomash.ru/history/en/history.htm
• ↑ http://pa-strela.com/index.php/en/products/military-goods/yakhont
• ↑ Russia has sent sophisticated anti-ship missiles to Syria
• ↑ Despite Israeli protests, Russia won't halt arms sale to Syria
• ↑ http://rusnavy.com/news/navy/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=10315
• ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YwTaOeurbQE
• ↑ US rues Russian missiles sent to Damascus
• ↑ Russia Sends More Advanced Missiles to Aid Assad in Syria
• ↑ Gordon, Michael R. (31 July 2013). "Some Syria Missiles Eluded Israeli Strike, Officials Say" . http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/01/world/middleeast/syrian-missiles-were-moved-before-israeli-strike-officials-say.html?_r=0 .  
• ↑ http://inbsite.com/missiles.html
• ↑ http://www.granit-electron.ru/products/mil/complex/yahont_head/
• ↑ http://www.eurasiareview.com/indonesia%E2%80%99s-anti-ship-missiles-new-development-in-naval-capabilities-analysis-31052011/
• ↑ http://news.rufox.ru/texts/2011/01/18/197401.htm
• ↑ Wertheim, Eric (2007). "The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World: Their Ships, Aircraft, and Systems" . Naval Institute Press. p. 625. ISBN  9781591149552 . http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=TJunjRvplU4C&pg=PA625 .  
• ↑ http://rusnavy.com/nowadays/strength/surfaceships/nakat/index.php?print=Y
• ↑ http://lenta.ru/news/2011/12/01/bastion/
• ↑ Haaretz (1 December 2011). "Report: Russia delivers supersonic cruise missiles to Syria" . http://www.haaretz.com/news/middle-east/report-russia-delivers-supersonic-cruise-missiles-to-syria-1.399048 . Retrieved 1 December 2011 .  
• ↑ http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/mainnews/2011/1024/100910082/detail.shtml
• Russian/Sovjet Sea-based Anti-Ship Missiles DTIG - Defense Threat Informations Group, Nov 2005
• Warfare.ru details
• Russian missile export details
• NPO Mashinostroyeniya details
• Yakhont Launcher on KRI Oswald Siahaan

External links [ ]

• SS-N-26 (Federation of American Scientists)
• Sunburns, Yakhonts, Alfas and the Region (Australian Aviation, Sept 2000) (PDF)
• www.dtig.org Russian/Sovjet Sea-based Anti-Ship Missiles (pdf)
• Russia would supply Syria with P-800 Yakhont cruise missiles
• 1 Comparative military ranks of Korea

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Moscow Fires Cruise Missiles in Sea Drills Between Russia and Alaska

A Russian warship fires a missile during naval drills on protecting Arctic shipping route held in the waters of the Chukchi and Bering Seas and on the Chukchi Peninsula, in an unknown location, in this still image taken from video released September 18, 2023. Russian Defence Ministry/Handout via REUTERS

(Reuters) - Russia fired cruise missiles at mock targets in the seas separating it from Alaska on Monday in what it said was an exercise to protect its northern shipping route in the Arctic.

The defence ministry said Vulcan, Granit and Onyx cruise missiles were fired over distances of hundreds of kilometres to strike targets simulating enemy ships in the Bering Sea.

The exercise involved land-, ship- and submarine-launched missiles and included about 10,000 military personnel, as well as planes and helicopters, the ministry said.

The drills took place on Russia's Chukotka peninsula and in the Chukchi and Bering Seas, and were supervised by Admiral Nikolai Yevmenov, commander-in-chief of the Russian navy.

Russia is keen to demonstrate its continued ability to project force in the Arctic and the far east despite the strains on its armed forces from the 18-month war in Ukraine.

Moscow said last year it planned to spend almost $30 billion by 2035 on developing the northern sea route, which has become more viable as climate change has reduced sea ice in the Arctic. It runs across the top of Russia from Murmansk near the borders with Norway and Finland to the Bering Strait near Alaska.

President Vladimir Putin highlighted the importance of the route in a speech to the BRICS group of countries last month, saying Russia was planning to construct new ports and fuel terminals and expand its icebreaker fleet.

(Writing by Mark Trevelyan; Editing by Kevin Liffey)

Copyright 2023 Thomson Reuters .

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• Vajiram --> (current)

What is Onyx Missile?

Russia’s onyx supersonic cruise missile, which has frequently struck ukrainian targets, is slated to get deadlier with a new target seeker..

About Onyx Missile: 

• The P-800 Onyx , a supersonic medium- range cruise missile, is designed to combat surface ship groups, as well as to destroy ground targets in conditions of strong fire and electronic countermeasures.
• Also known as Russian Brahmos , it can reach speeds of over 3,000 km/h, making it extremely difficult to intercept. 
• Additionally, the missile operates at an altitude of 10-15 meters above land or water, further enhancing its stealth capabilities .
• The missile has a range of up to 300 kilometers in its default trajectory and a range of 120 km in a low-altitude trajectory.
• It can be launched from surface ships, submarines and land-based equipment. It is a self-guided munition , designed with the "shoot and forget" principle in mind.
• Unlike some other missiles that rely on extensive target data, the Onyx missile requires minimal information about its target to strike it successfully.

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“Originally developed as anti-ship missiles, work is also underway to ensure the invulnerability of the Onyxes to the effects of electronic warfare systems of the Ukrainian Armed Forces,” the report added.

The P-800 Onyx was developed by the Reutov NPO Mashinostroeniya (part of the Tactical Missile Arms Corporation). It is designed to combat “surface ship groups, as well as to destroy ground targets in conditions of strong fire and electronic countermeasures.”

It is carried by surface ships and submarines of the Russian Navy and was also “used to destroy terrorist ground targets in Syria.”

Ukraine Vs. Russian Standoff Missiles

Russia uses the Onyx missile, an anti-ship weapon, as a part of its Bastion-P coastal missile defense system. In November 2022, reports emerged that Russia was also developing a launcher that could fire both the Onyx and the Zircon (Tsirkon) anti-ship missiles.

Interestingly, both missiles can also be used for land-attack roles. Last year, on March 23, a month after the beginning of the war, Russia fired a P-800 Onyx from a Bastion battery on a warehouse in Ukraine near the Black Sea port of Odesa. According to Russia’s Ministry of Defense (RuMoD), the building held weapons and ordnance.

Another strike on a civilian-military target on July 6, 2023, at Lviv has been assessed to have been possibly conducted by an Onyx, given the scale of destruction; the kind of hit and damage to a structure could only be caused by a powerful supersonic missile.

Thus, Russia has a variety of missiles and launching platforms, such as warships, ground launchers, and aircraft like the Tu-95MS, the MiG-31K, the Tu-160, or the Tu-22.

It has employed air-launched land-attack cruise and ballistic missiles like the Kalibr (another sea-launched land attack cruise missile), the Kh-101, the Kinzhal hypersonic missile, or Iskander against Ukraine in its long-range missile strikes where it fires volleys and waves of weapons on Ukrainian targets.

The P-800 Onyx is another missile to the inventory that can be used at unpredictable intervals and patterns and surfaces at a time when Ukraine is in a position to predict and somewhat prepare for such Russian missile and drone strikes.

This is because of the unofficial presence of NATO advisors and experts on the ground who analyze data gathered from special mission aircraft like the E-3 Sentry Airborne Warning Control System (AWACS), the RC-135 Rivet electronic intelligence (ELINT) aircraft or the RQ-4B Global Hawk reconnaissance drone.

Information is also gathered through American surveillance satellites that have infrared sensors used to detect the launch of jets or missiles, particularly the Kinzhal aeroballistic hypersonic missile launched from the MiG-31K.

Curiously, the last Onyx officially reported by the RuMoD was on May 3 and May 8, 2022. It showed the Bastion coastal missile system launching the missile from the “Black Sea coast” at “Ukrainian military infrastructure.”

Possibly being fired from Crimea, this was during the first three months of the war when Russia had announced the stated “demilitarization” goal, aimed at crippling Ukraine’s defense industrial base and destroying its ability to fight a war.

However, later reports also suggested that even the ship-fired version of the Onyx may have also been part of Russia’s “long-range” missile strikes, as it claimed to have hit targets in Odesa. This is because Odesa is on the Black Sea and it would make sense for Russia to strike those by launching the missile from its missile corvettes of the Black Sea Fleet (BSF).

By October 2023, when the war in the Black Sea had escalated with Ukrainian unmanned kamikaze boat strikes that damaged and sunk a few Russian vessels, the missile corvettes of the Black Sea Fleet (BSF) were still launching the Onyx two to three times a week on Ukrainian land targets. Bastion batteries based in Crimea, too, were firing Onyx missiles.

Onyx Is BrahMos Analog

It would be pertinent to note that India’s BrahMos missile is a derivative of the Onyx, particularly the latest BrahMos-Extended Range (ER) Land Attack Cruise Missile (LACM), which can reach 450 km, from its previous range of 290 km. The same missile can also be used for anti-ship roles.

The missile’s supersonic speed causes severe damage to hardened targets, and some experts consider it the next best thing to the Kinzhal aeroballistic hypersonic missile.

How Russia has employed the Onyx can serve as a learning opportunity for India, particularly in a non-contact standoff war. Combined with a good surveillance and target-acquisition capability, the BrahMos can be effective in striking an adversary’s rear positions, such as command and control centers and logistical supply nodes.

• The author can be reached at  [email protected]
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Russia’s Onyx supersonic cruise missile, which has frequently struck Ukrainian targets in Odesa near the Black Sea, is slated to get deadlier with a new target seeker.

About onyx missile.

• The P-800 Onyx missile, also known as Oniks, is a supersonic medium-range cruise missile developed by Russia.
• It is designed to combat surface ship groups, as well as to destroy ground targets in conditions of strong fire and electronic countermeasures.
• o Also known as Russian Brahmos, it can reach speeds of over 3,000 km/h, making it extremely difficult to intercept. 
• o Additionally, the missile operates at an altitude of 10-15 meters above land or water, further enhancing its stealth capabilities.
• o The missile has a range of up to 300 kilometers in its default trajectory and a range of 120 km in a low-altitude trajectory.
• o It can be launched from surface ships, submarines, and land-based equipment.
• o It is a self-guided munition, designed with the "shoot and forget" principle in mind.
• o Unlike some other missiles that rely on extensive target data, the Onyx missile requires minimal information about its target to strike it successfully.

Q1) What are cruise missiles?

Cruise missiles are unmanned vehicles that are propelled by jet engines, much like an airplane. They can be launched from ground, air, or sea platforms. Cruise missiles remain within the atmosphere for the duration of their flight and can fly as low as a few meters off the ground. Flying low to the surface of the earth expends more fuel but makes a cruise missile very difficult to detect. 

Source: BrahMos Analog, Russia’s P-800 Onyx Supersonic Cruise Missile To Get Deadlier With New Target Seeker

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Russia Now Firing Kh-101 Cruise Missiles Modified With Two Warheads At Ukraine

R ussia is now adding a second warhead to its Kh-101 air-launched cruise missiles , widely used against targets across Ukraine. The jury-rigged solution apparently involves fitting a second charge — reportedly containing steel fragments to increase the overall destructive effect — at the expense of fuel and therefore range. It is not the first modification noted on Russian air-launched cruise missiles since the start of the full-scale invasion but it does reveal the extemporized nature of some of these adaptations.

Photos that are now circulating on social media show the wreckage of a Kh-101 — also known by the Western reporting name AS-23A Kodiak — in a field. One warhead can be seen within the mangled missile body, while another lies alongside it.

https://twitter.com/DEFENSEEXPRESS/status/1788156510696095969 https://twitter.com/JohnH105/status/1788260845933179036

According to Defense Express, a Ukrainian security and defense publication, the missile was brought down by Ukrainian air defenses on Tuesday night, although a technical failure cannot be ruled out.

https://twitter.com/RALee85/status/1788090336708882573 Kh-101s under a Tu-95MS, in July 2022. Note the low-observable design of these missiles, designed to reduce their radar cross-section. Russian Ministry of Defense

This seems to be the first solid evidence of a Kh-101 modified with a second warhead. The first claims that such a weapon was being used emerged at the end of March among Ukrainian military bloggers. It was claimed that one of the missiles had been shot down, revealing two charges, with a combined weight of around 1,760 pounds compared to around 1,000 pounds for the single warhead in the standard Kh-101.

The second warhead was said to contain steel fragments. A fragmentation charge would render the weapon more effective against personnel and softer targets as well as increasing its lethal radius and blast damage. It could also be useful if accuracy is more limited.

The standard 9E-2648 warhead from a Kh-101 that came down in Ukraine in March 2022. Ukrainian Ministry of Defense

It should be pointed out that this is a very different solution to the kinds of twin warheads found in certain Western cruise missiles , in which a precursor charge is used to punch through hardened structures followed by a main change that detonates after breaching the target. The Russian solution is very much more crude and only intended to enhance area effects, but that’s not to say it won’t be effective above ground.

The implication of the second warhead is that the fuel capacity of the Kh-101 has been reduced since this would be the obvious way of creating more internal space. However, sacrificing fuel (and thereby range) is not a concern for Russia so long as it’s using Kh-101s to hit targets in Ukraine. With a reported maximum range of between approximately 1,870 and 2,480 miles, the basic Kh-101 can strike targets almost anywhere in Europe when launched within Russian airspace.

Targets within reach of the Kh-101 fall within the yellow circle, based on an estimated maximum range of 2,485 miles and missile launch directly over the Tu-160 home base of Engels. Google Earth

The Kh-101 is launched by both Tu-160 Blackjack and Tu-95MS Bear-H bombers operated by the Russian Aerospace Forces, or VKS.

According to an assessment from the U.K. Ministry of Defense, in its latest intelligence update on Ukraine, the twin-warhead Kh-101 modification has likely reduced the missile’s range by half. This would put it at somewhere between around 935 and 1,240 miles. Even at the lower end of this scale, the range would be sufficient to strike anywhere in Ukraine without the aircraft having to leave Russian airspace.

With this in mind, the decision to modify the Kh-101 in this way makes a good deal of sense for Russia, provided it doesn’t interfere with the flying qualities of the missile.

The radius of a twin-warhead Kh-101, based on a predicted lower-end range of 935 miles, with a launch from directly over the Tu-160 home base of Engels. Google Earth

As the U.K. Ministry of Defense points out, the twin warheads should make the Kh-101 notably more lethal, a major concern for Ukraine and its civilian population, who have been bearing the brunt of Russian long-range cruise missile attacks, much of which is aimed at energy infrastructure.

The U.K. Ministry of Defense states:

“The [Russian Long-Range Aviation] Command has sought to modify its systems and tactics throughout the conflict to: increase survivability as too many missiles were being intercepted by Ukrainian air defense systems; enhance capabilities to have greater effect; and use up older missiles as the VKS had depleted more modern systems in the early days of the conflict.”

Another feature of the Kh-101 that has become obvious since the start of the full-scale invasion of Ukraine is its ability to release decoy flares in flight . Kh-101s have been noted employing this capability in Ukraine since at least January 2023, although a self-defense function of some kind is understood to have always been present in these missiles.

There have also been reports of Russia fielding a new countermeasure-equipped Kh-101 subvariant, known as the izdeliye 504AP. According to these accounts, the revised countermeasures are intended to “jam” enemy surface-to-air missiles, which could suggest dispensers loaded with chaff.

Other modifications made to existing air-launched cruise missiles, and specifically their warheads, have been reported on the earlier Kh-55, known to NATO as AS-15 Kent.

In late 2022, reports emerged that examples of the Kh-55 were having their normal nuclear warheads removed entirely and were being used unarmed. In this capacity, their value would be as decoys that put further pressure on Ukraine’s air defenses and provide false targets, increasing the likelihood of ‘real’ missiles and drones getting through.

Even older than the Kh-55 is the Kh-22 (AS-4 Kitchen), a supersonic cruise missile with a primary anti-shipping role. Examples have been used against land targets in Ukraine, some of these missiles reportedly also being fitted with cluster warheads, as discussed in this previous article .

As we discussed in the past, the Kh-22’s advantages include its supersonic speed and terminal dive on its target, making it very hard to intercept . However, the missiles are also inaccurate against ground targets, a factor that would be mitigated somewhat by a cluster munition warhead.

All these examples reflect Russia’s willingness to adapt its legacy weapons to better suit the demands of its war in Ukraine. They also reveal the limits in terms of the availability of more appropriate missiles .

It remains to be seen if the twin-warhead Kh-101 will be a more regular feature of Russia’s strikes on Ukraine. But if it does prove viable, its additional destructive power will be bad news for Ukraine and will once again highlight the country’s need for more and more effective air defense systems to counter these and other threats.

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