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Update May 10, 2024

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Global Health

Travelers coming to the u.s. from uganda will face enhanced screening for ebola.

Halisia Hubbard

Doctors walk in the Ebola isolation section of Mubende Regional Referral Hospital, in Mubende, Uganda, on Sept. 29. Ugandan health officials have declared an Ebola outbreak in several regions of the country. Hajarah Nalwadda/AP hide caption

Doctors walk in the Ebola isolation section of Mubende Regional Referral Hospital, in Mubende, Uganda, on Sept. 29. Ugandan health officials have declared an Ebola outbreak in several regions of the country.

Ugandan health officials declared an Ebola outbreak in several regions in late September . Now, travelers who have been to the African country within 21 days of arriving in the U.S. will be subject to enhanced screening, according to a health alert issued Thursday by the U.S. Embassy in Uganda.

So far, cases from this outbreak have only been detected in Uganda.

Passengers from that country will be routed to one of five airports: New York's John F. Kennedy International, Newark Liberty International, Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International, Chicago O'Hare International or Washington D.C.'s Dulles International. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Department of Homeland Security and Customs and Border Protection are adding new screening measures at the airports.

Guinea Faces First Ebola Outbreak In Years

Ebola virus disease, also referred to as EVD, is passed among humans through direct contact with an infected person's bodily fluids or objects and surfaces contaminated with such fluids.

According to the World Health Organization , the average fatality rate for Ebola is about 50%. The WHO says this outbreak appears to have been caused by Sudan virus, which it describes as a "severe, often fatal illness affecting humans." There are currently no approved vaccines or therapeutics for the Sudan ebolavirus.

The Congolese Doctor Who Discovered Ebola

The CDC recommends avoiding unnecessary travel to the affected districts in Uganda, and to avoid contact with sick people and dead bodies. Travelers should also isolate and seek medical help if any symptoms appear, such as fever, muscle pain, sore throat, diarrhea, weakness, vomiting, stomach pain, or unexplained bleeding or bruising.

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Uganda Traveler View

Travel health notices, vaccines and medicines, non-vaccine-preventable diseases, stay healthy and safe.

• Packing List

After Your Trip

There are no notices currently in effect for Uganda.

⇧ Top

Check the vaccines and medicines list and visit your doctor at least a month before your trip to get vaccines or medicines you may need. If you or your doctor need help finding a location that provides certain vaccines or medicines, visit the Find a Clinic page.

Routine vaccines

Recommendations.

Make sure you are up-to-date on all routine vaccines before every trip. Some of these vaccines include

• Chickenpox (Varicella)
• Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis
• Flu (influenza)
• Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR)

Immunization schedules

All eligible travelers should be up to date with their COVID-19 vaccines. Please see  Your COVID-19 Vaccination  for more information. 

COVID-19 vaccine

Areas of active cholera transmission are  localized  to Kayunga (last case reported 3-6 months ago), Mbale (last case reported in the past 3 months), and Namayingo (last case reported 6-9 months ago) in Uganda. Cholera is rare in travelers.  Certain factors  may increase the risk of getting cholera or having severe disease ( more information ). Avoiding unsafe food and water and washing your hands can also help prevent cholera.

Vaccination may be considered for children and adults who are traveling to areas of active cholera transmission.

Cholera - CDC Yellow Book

Hepatitis A

Recommended for unvaccinated travelers one year old or older going to Uganda.

Infants 6 to 11 months old should also be vaccinated against Hepatitis A. The dose does not count toward the routine 2-dose series.

Travelers allergic to a vaccine component or who are younger than 6 months should receive a single dose of immune globulin, which provides effective protection for up to 2 months depending on dosage given.

Unvaccinated travelers who are over 40 years old, immunocompromised, or have chronic medical conditions planning to depart to a risk area in less than 2 weeks should get the initial dose of vaccine and at the same appointment receive immune globulin.

Hepatitis A - CDC Yellow Book

Dosing info - Hep A

Hepatitis B

Recommended for unvaccinated travelers younger than 60 years old traveling to Uganda. Unvaccinated travelers 60 years and older may get vaccinated before traveling to Uganda.

Hepatitis B - CDC Yellow Book

Dosing info - Hep B

CDC recommends that travelers going to Uganda take prescription medicine to prevent malaria. Depending on the medicine you take, you will need to start taking this medicine multiple days before your trip, as well as during and after your trip. Talk to your doctor about which malaria medication you should take.

Find  country-specific information  about malaria.

Malaria - CDC Yellow Book

Considerations when choosing a drug for malaria prophylaxis (CDC Yellow Book)

Malaria information for Uganda.

Cases of measles are on the rise worldwide. Travelers are at risk of measles if they have not been fully vaccinated at least two weeks prior to departure, or have not had measles in the past, and travel internationally to areas where measles is spreading.

All international travelers should be fully vaccinated against measles with the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, including an early dose for infants 6–11 months, according to  CDC’s measles vaccination recommendations for international travel .

Measles (Rubeola) - CDC Yellow Book

Meningitis (Meningococcal disease)

Recommended for travelers 2 months old or older traveling to  areas of Uganda  that are part of the meningitis belt during the dry season.

Meningococcal disease - CDC Yellow Book

Meningitis Belt Map

Rabid dogs are commonly found in Uganda. If you are bitten or scratched by a dog or other mammal while in Uganda, there may be limited or no rabies treatment available. 

Consider rabies vaccination before your trip if your activities mean you will be around dogs or wildlife.

Travelers more likely to encounter rabid animals include

• Campers, adventure travelers, or cave explorers (spelunkers)
• Veterinarians, animal handlers, field biologists, or laboratory workers handling animal specimens
• Visitors to rural areas

Since children are more likely to be bitten or scratched by a dog or other animals, consider rabies vaccination for children traveling to Uganda. 

Rabies - CDC Yellow Book

Recommended for most travelers, especially those staying with friends or relatives or visiting smaller cities or rural areas.

Typhoid - CDC Yellow Book

Dosing info - Typhoid

Yellow Fever

Required for all arriving travelers ≥1 year old.

Recommended for all travelers ≥9 months old.

Yellow Fever - CDC Yellow Book

• Avoid contaminated water

Leptospirosis

How most people get sick (most common modes of transmission)

• Touching urine or other body fluids from an animal infected with leptospirosis
• Swimming or wading in urine-contaminated fresh water, or contact with urine-contaminated mud
• Drinking water or eating food contaminated with animal urine
• Avoid contaminated water and soil

Clinical Guidance

Schistosomiasis

• Wading, swimming, bathing, or washing in contaminated freshwater streams, rivers, ponds, lakes, or untreated pools.

Avoid bug bites

African sleeping sickness (african trypanosomiasis).

• Tsetse fly bite 
• Avoid Bug Bites

African Trypanosomiasis

African Tick-Bite Fever

African Tick-bite fever

Chikungunya

• Mosquito bite

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever

• Tick bite 
• Touching the body fluids of a person or animal infected with CCHF
• Mosquito bite
• An infected pregnant woman can spread it to her unborn baby
• Avoid animals
• Touching infected animals (including bats and primates) or their body fluids
• Touching body fluids (blood or sweat) from an infected person
• Touching objects contaminated with the body fluids of a person infected with Ebola or Marburg virus
• Avoid sick people
• Avoid animals and areas where they live

Ebola virus

Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever

Marburg virus

Rift Valley Fever

• Touching blood, body fluids, or tissue of infected livestock

Rift Valley fever

Airborne & droplet

• Breathing in air or accidentally eating food contaminated with the urine, droppings, or saliva of infected rodents
• Bite from an infected rodent
• Less commonly, being around someone sick with hantavirus (only occurs with Andes virus)
• Avoid rodents and areas where they live

Tuberculosis (TB)

• Breathe in TB bacteria that is in the air from an infected and contagious person coughing, speaking, or singing.

Learn actions you can take to stay healthy and safe on your trip. Vaccines cannot protect you from many diseases in Uganda, so your behaviors are important.

Eat and drink safely

Food and water standards around the world vary based on the destination. Standards may also differ within a country and risk may change depending on activity type (e.g., hiking versus business trip). You can learn more about safe food and drink choices when traveling by accessing the resources below.

• Choose Safe Food and Drinks When Traveling
• Water Treatment Options When Hiking, Camping or Traveling
• Global Water, Sanitation and Hygiene | Healthy Water
• Avoid Contaminated Water During Travel

You can also visit the Department of State Country Information Pages for additional information about food and water safety.

Prevent bug bites

Bugs (like mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas) can spread a number of diseases in Uganda. Many of these diseases cannot be prevented with a vaccine or medicine. You can reduce your risk by taking steps to prevent bug bites.

What can I do to prevent bug bites?

• Cover exposed skin by wearing long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and hats.
• Use an appropriate insect repellent (see below).
• Use permethrin-treated clothing and gear (such as boots, pants, socks, and tents). Do not use permethrin directly on skin.
• Stay and sleep in air-conditioned or screened rooms.
• Use a bed net if the area where you are sleeping is exposed to the outdoors.

What type of insect repellent should I use?

• FOR PROTECTION AGAINST TICKS AND MOSQUITOES: Use a repellent that contains 20% or more DEET for protection that lasts up to several hours.
• Picaridin (also known as KBR 3023, Bayrepel, and icaridin)
• Oil of lemon eucalyptus (OLE) or para-menthane-diol (PMD)
• 2-undecanone
• Always use insect repellent as directed.

What should I do if I am bitten by bugs?

• Avoid scratching bug bites, and apply hydrocortisone cream or calamine lotion to reduce the itching.
• Check your entire body for ticks after outdoor activity. Be sure to remove ticks properly.

What can I do to avoid bed bugs?

Although bed bugs do not carry disease, they are an annoyance. See our information page about avoiding bug bites for some easy tips to avoid them. For more information on bed bugs, see Bed Bugs .

For more detailed information on avoiding bug bites, see Avoid Bug Bites .

Stay safe outdoors

If your travel plans in Uganda include outdoor activities, take these steps to stay safe and healthy during your trip.

• Stay alert to changing weather conditions and adjust your plans if conditions become unsafe.
• Prepare for activities by wearing the right clothes and packing protective items, such as bug spray, sunscreen, and a basic first aid kit.
• Consider learning basic first aid and CPR before travel. Bring a travel health kit with items appropriate for your activities.
• If you are outside for many hours in heat, eat salty snacks and drink water to stay hydrated and replace salt lost through sweating.
• Protect yourself from UV radiation : use sunscreen with an SPF of at least 15, wear protective clothing, and seek shade during the hottest time of day (10 a.m.–4 p.m.).
• Be especially careful during summer months and at high elevation. Because sunlight reflects off snow, sand, and water, sun exposure may be increased during activities like skiing, swimming, and sailing.
• Very cold temperatures can be dangerous. Dress in layers and cover heads, hands, and feet properly if you are visiting a cold location.

Stay safe around water

• Swim only in designated swimming areas. Obey lifeguards and warning flags on beaches.
• Practice safe boating—follow all boating safety laws, do not drink alcohol if driving a boat, and always wear a life jacket.
• Do not dive into shallow water.
• Do not swim in freshwater in developing areas or where sanitation is poor.
• Avoid swallowing water when swimming. Untreated water can carry germs that make you sick.
• To prevent infections, wear shoes on beaches where there may be animal waste.

Schistosomiasis, a parasitic infection that can be spread in fresh water, is found in Uganda. Avoid swimming in fresh, unchlorinated water, such as lakes, ponds, or rivers.

Keep away from animals

Most animals avoid people, but they may attack if they feel threatened, are protecting their young or territory, or if they are injured or ill. Animal bites and scratches can lead to serious diseases such as rabies.

Follow these tips to protect yourself:

• Do not touch or feed any animals you do not know.
• Do not allow animals to lick open wounds, and do not get animal saliva in your eyes or mouth.
• Avoid rodents and their urine and feces.
• Traveling pets should be supervised closely and not allowed to come in contact with local animals.
• If you wake in a room with a bat, seek medical care immediately. Bat bites may be hard to see.

All animals can pose a threat, but be extra careful around dogs, bats, monkeys, sea animals such as jellyfish, and snakes. If you are bitten or scratched by an animal, immediately:

• Wash the wound with soap and clean water.
• Go to a doctor right away.
• Tell your doctor about your injury when you get back to the United States.

Consider buying medical evacuation insurance. Rabies is a deadly disease that must be treated quickly, and treatment may not be available in some countries.

Reduce your exposure to germs

Follow these tips to avoid getting sick or spreading illness to others while traveling:

• Wash your hands often, especially before eating.
• If soap and water aren’t available, clean hands with hand sanitizer (containing at least 60% alcohol).
• Don’t touch your eyes, nose, or mouth. If you need to touch your face, make sure your hands are clean.
• Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your sleeve (not your hands) when coughing or sneezing.
• Try to avoid contact with people who are sick.
• If you are sick, stay home or in your hotel room, unless you need medical care.

Avoid sharing body fluids

Diseases can be spread through body fluids, such as saliva, blood, vomit, and semen.

Protect yourself:

• Use latex condoms correctly.
• Do not inject drugs.
• Limit alcohol consumption. People take more risks when intoxicated.
• Do not share needles or any devices that can break the skin. That includes needles for tattoos, piercings, and acupuncture.
• If you receive medical or dental care, make sure the equipment is disinfected or sanitized.

Know how to get medical care while traveling

Plan for how you will get health care during your trip, should the need arise:

• Carry a list of local doctors and hospitals at your destination.
• Review your health insurance plan to determine what medical services it would cover during your trip. Consider purchasing travel health and medical evacuation insurance.
• Carry a card that identifies, in the local language, your blood type, chronic conditions or serious allergies, and the generic names of any medications you take.
• Some prescription drugs may be illegal in other countries. Call Uganda’s embassy to verify that all of your prescription(s) are legal to bring with you.
• Bring all the medicines (including over-the-counter medicines) you think you might need during your trip, including extra in case of travel delays. Ask your doctor to help you get prescriptions filled early if you need to.

Many foreign hospitals and clinics are accredited by the Joint Commission International. A list of accredited facilities is available at their website ( www.jointcommissioninternational.org ).

In some countries, medicine (prescription and over-the-counter) may be substandard or counterfeit. Bring the medicines you will need from the United States to avoid having to buy them at your destination.

Malaria is a risk in Uganda. Fill your malaria prescription before you leave and take enough with you for the entire length of your trip. Follow your doctor’s instructions for taking the pills; some need to be started before you leave.

Select safe transportation

Motor vehicle crashes are the #1 killer of healthy US citizens in foreign countries.

In many places cars, buses, large trucks, rickshaws, bikes, people on foot, and even animals share the same lanes of traffic, increasing the risk for crashes.

Be smart when you are traveling on foot.

• Use sidewalks and marked crosswalks.
• Pay attention to the traffic around you, especially in crowded areas.
• Remember, people on foot do not always have the right of way in other countries.

Riding/Driving

Choose a safe vehicle.

• Choose official taxis or public transportation, such as trains and buses.
• Ride only in cars that have seatbelts.
• Avoid overcrowded, overloaded, top-heavy buses and minivans.
• Avoid riding on motorcycles or motorbikes, especially motorbike taxis. (Many crashes are caused by inexperienced motorbike drivers.)
• Choose newer vehicles—they may have more safety features, such as airbags, and be more reliable.
• Choose larger vehicles, which may provide more protection in crashes.

Think about the driver.

• Do not drive after drinking alcohol or ride with someone who has been drinking.
• Consider hiring a licensed, trained driver familiar with the area.
• Arrange payment before departing.

Follow basic safety tips.

• Wear a seatbelt at all times.
• Sit in the back seat of cars and taxis.
• When on motorbikes or bicycles, always wear a helmet. (Bring a helmet from home, if needed.)
• Avoid driving at night; street lighting in certain parts of Uganda may be poor.
• Do not use a cell phone or text while driving (illegal in many countries).
• Travel during daylight hours only, especially in rural areas.
• If you choose to drive a vehicle in Uganda, learn the local traffic laws and have the proper paperwork.
• Get any driving permits and insurance you may need. Get an International Driving Permit (IDP). Carry the IDP and a US-issued driver's license at all times.
• Check with your auto insurance policy's international coverage, and get more coverage if needed. Make sure you have liability insurance.
• Avoid using local, unscheduled aircraft.
• If possible, fly on larger planes (more than 30 seats); larger airplanes are more likely to have regular safety inspections.
• Try to schedule flights during daylight hours and in good weather.

Medical Evacuation Insurance

If you are seriously injured, emergency care may not be available or may not meet US standards. Trauma care centers are uncommon outside urban areas. Having medical evacuation insurance can be helpful for these reasons.

Helpful Resources

Road Safety Overseas (Information from the US Department of State): Includes tips on driving in other countries, International Driving Permits, auto insurance, and other resources.

The Association for International Road Travel has country-specific Road Travel Reports available for most countries for a minimal fee.

Traffic flows on the left side of the road in Uganda.

• Always pay close attention to the flow of traffic, especially when crossing the street.
• LOOK RIGHT for approaching traffic.

Maintain personal security

Use the same common sense traveling overseas that you would at home, and always stay alert and aware of your surroundings.

Before you leave

• Research your destination(s), including local laws, customs, and culture.
• Monitor travel advisories and alerts and read travel tips from the US Department of State.
• Enroll in the Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP) .
• Leave a copy of your itinerary, contact information, credit cards, and passport with someone at home.
• Pack as light as possible, and leave at home any item you could not replace.

While at your destination(s)

• Carry contact information for the nearest US embassy or consulate .
• Carry a photocopy of your passport and entry stamp; leave the actual passport securely in your hotel.
• Follow all local laws and social customs.
• Do not wear expensive clothing or jewelry.
• Always keep hotel doors locked, and store valuables in secure areas.
• If possible, choose hotel rooms between the 2nd and 6th floors.

Healthy Travel Packing List

Use the Healthy Travel Packing List for Uganda for a list of health-related items to consider packing for your trip. Talk to your doctor about which items are most important for you.

Why does CDC recommend packing these health-related items?

It’s best to be prepared to prevent and treat common illnesses and injuries. Some supplies and medicines may be difficult to find at your destination, may have different names, or may have different ingredients than what you normally use.

If you are not feeling well after your trip, you may need to see a doctor. If you need help finding a travel medicine specialist, see Find a Clinic . Be sure to tell your doctor about your travel, including where you went and what you did on your trip. Also tell your doctor if you were bitten or scratched by an animal while traveling.

If your doctor prescribed antimalarial medicine for your trip, keep taking the rest of your pills after you return home. If you stop taking your medicine too soon, you could still get sick.

Malaria is always a serious disease and may be a deadly illness. If you become ill with a fever either while traveling in a malaria-risk area or after you return home (for up to 1 year), you should seek immediate medical attention and should tell the doctor about your travel history.

For more information on what to do if you are sick after your trip, see Getting Sick after Travel .

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• Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Embassy of the Republic of Uganda Washington, DC - USA

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TRAVEL ADVISORY

Effective 27th october 2022. all travelers who enter uganda via airports and other ports are required to complete the moh uganda travel health declaration, all passengers arriving to and departing from uganda are required to complete the traveler health declaration form within 24 hours of the flight time., all travelers should hold a valid covid19 vaccination certificate or negative pcr test with a sample taken at most 72 hours prior to the first port of embarkation, en-route to uganda., children below the age of 5 years are exempted..

For more information please click the link below:

https://poe-screening.health.go.ug/

The Embassy

Visa & consular, tourism & investment, related links.

• Uganda Wildlife Authority
• Uganda Investiment Authority
• Ministry of Tourism, Wildlife and Antiquities
• Ministry of Agriculture
• Bank of Uganda
• Uganda Airlines

Copyright © 2024, Embassy of the Republic of Uganda

Ministry of Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Health Tips For Uganda Travelers

Almost all immigration health advisory emphasizes that; to ensure a healthy trip to Uganda, one requires checks on their immunization status: it is wise to be up to date on routine vaccines, tetanus, polio, diphtheria (now given as an all-in-one vaccine, Revaxis, that lasts for ten years), hepatitis A and the novel COVID-19.

Generally, common health issues Uganda travelers may encounter are mostly predictable and can be easily avoided. Multiple vaccinations and malaria prophylaxis may be required, so make sure you talk to a competent health consultant for health tips before you travel to Uganda.

People new to exotic travel often worry about tropical diseases, but it’s the accidents that are most likely to carry you off. Road accidents are prevalent in many parts of Uganda, so be aware and do what you can to reduce risks: try to travel during daylight hours, always wear a seatbelt, and refuse to be driven by anyone who has been drinking. Listen to local advice about areas where violent crime is rife too. Also, be interested in national health advisory information by your embassy.

• Coronavirus – Covid-19

Protection from the sun

• Your first-aid kit
• Medical Facilities
• Water & Sanitization
• Common Medical Issues

Travelers’ diarrhea

Eye problems, skin infections.

• Bug Caused Diseases
• Bilharzia – Water diseases
• HIV/AIDS health

Meningitis 

• Catching Rabies
• Tick bite fever 
• International advisory links

Vaccines a Uganda Traveller Needs

Almost all immigration health advisory emphasizes that; to ensure a healthy trip to Uganda, one requires checks on their immunization status: it is wise to be up to date on routine vaccines, tetanus, polio, diphtheria (now given as an all-in-one vaccine, Revaxis, that lasts for ten years), hepatitis A and the novel COVID-19 .

Generally, the Yellow Fever vaccination is mandatory for travel into Uganda, not to protect you but to protect Ugandans you’ll get into contact with. Malaria is deadly and prevalent in many areas in Uganda, so it’s up to you to protect yourself. And Covid-19, well, you know how everyone is watching out for that.

Those are the three major diseases Uganda tourists should watch for; yellow fever, malaria, and Hepatitis.

Yellow Fever

Proof of vaccination against yellow fever is needed to enter Uganda if you are coming from another yellow fever endemic area.

The World Health Organization (WHO) advisory insists that all travelers older than nine months should get a Yellow Fever Vaccine before traveling to Uganda. However, immigration officials require proof of vaccination for those over one year of age. If the vaccine is not suitable for you, then obtain an exemption certificate from your GP or a travel clinic because you’ll be held back at entry points.

In addition to health advisory for various vaccinations recommended above, travelers must adequately protect themselves against malaria infection. Most lower-land areas of Uganda are high-risk zones for malaria-transmitting mosquitos.

Ideally, you should visit your doctor or a specialist travel clinic to discuss your requirements, if possible, at least eight weeks before you plan to travel. Several travelers report that antimalarial drugs (and other medicines) in Kampala are far cheaper than in the UK or US. However, you will still need to start the course of antimalarial tablets before you leave home. How to get protection against malaria.

Immunization against cholera is no longer required for Uganda because there’s little to no Cholera infections in Uganda.

Meningococcus and rabies

Ministry of Health advisory recommends immunizations against meningococcus and rabies. Meningococcal disease has a high mortality rate in teens and young adults if untreated but is vaccine-preventable. While best known as a cause of meningitis, it can also result in sepsis, an even more damaging and dangerous condition.

CDC travel health advisory recommends Meningococcal Vaccines for preteens, teens, and certain other people. If your teenager missed getting MenACWY, ask their doctor about getting it now at least 30 days before you travel to Uganda. Meningitis vaccine (containing strains A, C, W, and Y, will usually be recommended for trips of more than four weeks.

Vaccinations for rabies are ideally advised for everyone visiting Uganda but are especially important for travelers visiting more remote areas, especially if you are more than 24 hours from medical help and definitely if you will be working with animals.

Rabies can spread to people and pets if they are bitten or scratched by a rabid animal. In Uganda, rabies is mostly found in wild animals like bats and dogs. However, some domestic dogs (especially in villages) still carry rabies, and dog bites cause most rabies deaths in people worldwide.

Talk to your doctor about your Uganda travel plans. If your activities bring you into contact with animals such as dogs, cats, bats, or other carnivores , you should consider pre-exposure rabies vaccination, a 3-shot series (days 0, 7, and 21 or 28) given before travel. Even if you receive pre-exposure vaccination, you should still get immediate medical treatment if you are bitten or scratched by an animal.

Hepatitis A vaccine ( Havrix Monodose or Avaxim )

Travelers are more likely to get infected with hepatitis A if they visit rural areas, trek in backcountry areas, or frequently eat or drink in settings of poor sanitation. However, even travelers who stay in urban areas, resorts, or luxury hotels, who wash their hands regularly, and choose food and drinks carefully have been infected when visiting regions where hepatitis A is common.

Uganda health advisory recommends Hepatitis A vaccine for all travellers into the country. The vaccine is given in two or three doses. If your plans don’t allow you to get all doses before your safari trip , get at least 1 dose as soon as possible before you travel.

Travelers allergic to a vaccine component or 6 months of age or younger should receive a single dose of immune globulin, which provides effective protection for up to 2 months, depending on the dosage given. Talk to your travel doctor to see if this is the best option for you.

Hepatitis B vaccination

Hepatitis B vaccination should be considered for longer trips (two months or more) or those working with children or situations where contact with blood is likely. Three injections are needed for the best protection and can be given over a three-week period if time is short. Longer schedules give more sustained protection and are therefore preferred if time allows.

Hepatitis A vaccine can also be given as a combination with Hepatitis B as Twinrix’. However, two doses are needed at least seven days apart to be effective for the hepatitis A component, and three doses are needed for hepatitis B. Both these schedules can only be used on those aged 16 or over.

Typhoid vaccines

Health advisory recommends Typhoid vaccination for people traveling to Uganda. Oral vaccines can be given to people at least 6 years old. It consists of four pills taken every other day and should be finished at least 1 week before travel. An injectable vaccine can be given to people at least 2 years old and should be given at least 2 weeks before your trip to Uganda .

Typhoid vaccines are not 100% effective. Always practice safe eating and drinking habits to help prevent infection.

Typhoid vaccines lose effectiveness over time. The injectable vaccine requires a booster every 2 years, and the oral vaccine requires a booster every 5 years. If you were vaccinated in the past, ask your doctor if it is time for a booster vaccination. Taking antibiotics will not prevent typhoid fever; they only help treat it.

Tuberculosis (TB)

The risk of contracting Tuberculosis in Uganda is generally low for most tourist travelers. Those anticipating possible prolonged exposure to TB environments (such as working in hospitals, prisons, or homeless shelters) or those who will be staying for years in an endemic region should have a 2-step tuberculin skin test (TST) or a single interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) before travelling to Uganda. If the pre-departure test is negative, a single TST or IGRA should be repeated 8–10 weeks upon return.

For more up-to-date health advisory for travelers to Uganda with recommendations for vaccines and medications, visit the official CDC link for Uganda .

Give some thought to packing sun cream. The incidence of skin cancer is rocketing as Caucasians travel more and spend more time exposing themselves to the sun.

Keep out of the sun during the middle of the day and, if you must expose yourself to the sun, build up gradually from 20 minutes per day. Be especially careful of exposure in the middle of the day and the sun reflected off water, and wear a T-shirt and lots of waterproof sun cream (at least SPF30) when swimming.

Sun exposure ages the skin, makes people prematurely wrinkly; and increases the risk of skin cancer. Cover up with long, loose clothes and wear a hat when you can.

The glare and the dust can be hard on the eyes, too, so bring UV-protecting sunglasses and, perhaps, a soothing eyebath.

Protection against Malaria in Uganda

Along with road accidents, malaria poses the single biggest serious threat to travelers’ health in most parts of tropical Africa, Uganda included. It is unwise to travel in malarial parts of Africa while pregnant or with children: the risk of malaria in many regions is considerable. These travelers are likely to succumb rapidly to the disease.

The Anopheles mosquito that transmits the parasite is most commonly found near marshes and still water, where it breeds, and the parasite is most abundant at low altitudes. The risk of malaria above 1,800m above sea level is low.

Parts of Uganda lying at an altitude of 2,000m or higher (a category that includes only high mountains such as the Bwindi , Rwenzoris, and Elgon) are regarded as free of malaria.

In mid-latitude locations, malaria is largely but not entirely seasonal, with the highest transmission risk occurring during the rainy season (March to May and October to December).

Moist and low-lying areas such as the Nile at Murchison Falls are a high risk throughout the year, but the danger is greatest during the rainy season .

This localized breakdown might influence what foreigners working in Uganda do about malaria prevention. Still, all travelers to Uganda must assume that they will be exposed to malaria and take health advisory precautions throughout their trip.

Malaria prevention

There is no vaccine against malaria that gives enough protection to be useful for Africa safari travelers. But there are other ways to avoid it. Since most of Africa is a very high risk for malaria, travelers must adequately plan their malaria protection. Seek honest advice from your doctor on the best antimalarials to take: usually Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, or tafenoquine.

If mefloquine (Lariam) is suggested, start this two-and-a-half-week (three doses) before departure to check that it suits you; stop it immediately if it seems to cause depression or anxiety, visual or hearing disturbances, severe headaches, fits, or changes in heart rhythm.

Side effects such as nightmares or dizziness are not medical reasons for stopping unless they are sufficiently debilitating or annoying. Anyone who has been treated for depression or psychiatric problems has diabetes controlled by oral therapy or who is epileptic (or who has suffered fits in the past) or has a close blood relative who has epilepsy should probably avoid mefloquine.

In the past, doctors were nervous about prescribing mefloquine to pregnant women; however, experience has shown that it is relatively safe and certainly safer than the risk of malaria. It is now an option at some stages. However, there are other issues and if you are traveling to Uganda whilst pregnant, seek expert advice before departure.

Malarone (proguanil and atovaquone) is as effective as mefloquine. It has the advantage of having few side effects and only be continued for one week after returning. However, it is expensive, and because of this, it tends to be reserved for shorter trips. Malarone may not be suitable for everybody, so advice should be taken from a doctor.

Another alternative is the antibiotic doxycycline (100mg daily) . Good for last-minute travelers because the drug is started 1–2 days before travel like Malarone. Unlike mefloquine, it may also be used in travelers with epilepsy, although certain antiepileptic medication may make it less effective. In perhaps 1-3% of people, there is the possibility of allergic skin reactions developing in sunlight; the drug should be stopped if this happens.

Women using oral contraceptives should use an additional protection method for the first four weeks when using doxycycline. It is also unsuitable in pregnancy or for children under 12 years.

Chloroquine and proguani l are no longer considered effective enough to travel to Uganda but may be considered a last resort if nothing else is deemed suitable.

Find other malaria drug recommendations from the CDC health advisory Yellowbook.

All tablets should be taken with or after the evening meal, washed down with plenty of fluid, and, except Malarone, continued for four weeks after leaving.

Despite all these precautions, it is important to be aware that no antimalarial drug is 100% protective, although those on prophylactics who are unlucky enough to catch malaria are less likely to get rapidly into serious trouble.

In addition to taking antimalarials , it is therefore important to avoid mosquito bites between dusk and dawn. Unfortunately, the occasional traveler prefers to ‘acquire resistance’ to malaria rather than take preventive tablets or who takes homeopathic Prophylactics thinking these are effective against the killer disease. Homeopathy theory dictates treating like with like, so there is no place for prophylaxis or immunization in a good person; bona fide homeopathists do not advocate it.

Travelers to Uganda cannot acquire any effective resistance to malaria. Those who don’t make use of prophylactic drugs risk their life in a manner that is both foolish and unnecessary. Malaria diagnosis and treatment Even those who take their malaria tablets meticulously and do everything possible to avoid mosquito bites may contract a malaria strain that is resistant to prophylactic drugs.

Untreated malaria is likely to be fatal, but even strains resistant to prophylaxis respond well to prompt treatment. Because of this, your immediate priority upon displaying possible malaria symptoms — including a rapid rise in temperature (over 38°C), and any combination of a headache, flu-like aches and pains, a general sense of disorientation, and possibly even nausea and diarrhea — is to establish whether you have malaria, ideally by visiting a clinic.

Diagnosing malaria is not easy, so consulting a doctor is sensible: there are other dangerous causes of fever in Africa, which require different treatments. Even if you test negative, it would be wise to stay within reach of a laboratory until the symptoms clear up and to test again after a day or two if they don’t. It’s worth noting that if you have a fever and the malaria test is negative, you may have typhoid or paratyphoid, which should also receive immediate treatment.

Travelers to remote parts of Uganda — for instance, in the game reserves and most popular hiking areas — would be wise to carry a course of treatment to cure malaria and a rapid test kit. With malaria, it is normal enough to go from feeling healthy to having a high fever in the space of a few hours (and it is possible to die from falciparum malaria within 24 hours of the first symptoms). In such circumstances, assume that you have malaria and act accordingly — whatever risks are attached to taking the dangers of untreated malaria outweigh an unnecessary cure.

Experts differ on the costs and benefits of self-treatment but agree that it leads to overtreatment and many people taking drugs they do not need, yet treatment may save your life. There is also some division about malaria’s best treatment, but either Malarone or Coarthemeter is the current choice treatment. Discuss your trip with a specialist either at home or in Uganda.

Personal first-aid kit contents

A minimal first-aid kit for your trip to Uganda contains:

• A good drying antiseptic, e.g., iodine or potassium permanganate (don’t take antiseptic cream)
• N95 facemask, disinfectant wipes, alcohol-based hand rub, a bottle of sanitizer, or a bar of soap in a plastic box.
• A few small dressings (Band-Aids)
• Insect repellent; antimalarial tablets; impregnated bed-net or permethrin spray
• Aspirin or paracetamol
• Antifungal cream (e.g., Canesten)
• Ciprofloxacin or norfloxacin, for severe diarrhea
• Tinidazole for giardia or amoebic dysentery (see below for regime)
• Antibiotic eye drops, for sore, ‘gritty,’ stuck-together eyes (conjunctivitis)
• A pair of fine-pointed tweezers (to remove hairy caterpillar hairs, thorns, splinters, coral, etc.)
• Condoms or femidoms
• Malaria diagnostic kits (5) and a digital thermometer (for those going to remote areas)

Medical facilities in Uganda

Medical facilities, Private clinics, hospitals, and pharmacies can be found in most large towns, and doctors generally speak fair to fluent English.

The main hospital is the International Hospital Kampala (Namuwongo; 0312 200400). Private clinics include Case Medical both in Kampala and Entebbe (+256-312 250 700), and IAA which is run by IMC has clinics in major cities around Uganda (+256 772 200400).

Consultation fees and laboratory tests are remarkably inexpensive (averagely UGX 20,000 – less than $10) compared with most Western countries, so if you do fall sick, it would be absurd to let financial considerations dissuade you from seeking medical help. International medical insurance cards are accepted in most modern clinics.

Commonly required medicines such as broad-spectrum antibiotics are widely available and cheap throughout Uganda, as are malaria cures and prophylactics, but wherever possible, take medicines with you. If you are on any medication before departure, or you have specific needs relating to a known medical condition (for instance, if you are allergic to bee stings or you are prone to attacks of asthma), then you are strongly advised to bring any related drugs and devices with you.

Water sterilization

You can fall ill from drinking contaminated water so try to drink from safe sources, e.g., bottled water (which is readily provided at all facilities and in tour vehicles). If you are away from shops — such as halfway up the Rwenzori — and your bottled water runs out, make tea, pour the remaining boiled water into a clean container and use it for drinking.

Alternatively, water should be passed through a good bacteriological filter or purified with iodine or the less-effective chlorine tablets (eg: Puritabs).

Common medical problems traveling in Uganda

Travelling in Uganda carries a fairly high risk of getting a dose of travelers’ diarrhea; perhaps half of all visitors will suffer, and the newer you are to exotic travel, the more likely you will be to suffer.

By taking precautions against travelers’ diarrhea, you will also avoid typhoid, paratyphoid, cholera, hepatitis, dysentery, worms, etc.

Travelers’ diarrhea and the other fecal-oral diseases come from getting other people’s feces in your mouth. This most often happens from cooks not washing their hands after a trip to the toilet, but even if the restaurant cook does not understand basic hygiene, you will be safe if your food has been properly cooked and arrives piping hot.

The most important prevention strategy is to wash your hands before eating anything. Take your portable hand sanitizer wherever you go around Uganda . You can pick up salmonella and shigella from toilet door handles and possibly banknotes. The maxim to remind you what you can safely eat is:

If you can’t peel it, boil it, cook it then forget it

This means that fruit you have washed and peeled yourself, and hot foods, should be safe but raw foods, cold cooked foods, salads, fruit salads which have been prepared by others, ice cream and ice are all risky, and foods kept lukewarm in hotel buffets are often dangerous.

That said, plenty of travelers and expatriates enjoy fruit and vegetables, so do keep a sense of perspective: food served in a fairly decent hotel in a large town or a place regularly frequented by expatriates is likely to be safe. If you are stuck, see the treatment below.

Treating Traveler’s Diarrhea

It is dehydration that makes you feel awful during a bout of diarrhea, and the most important part of treatment is drinking lots of clear fluids. Sachets of oral rehydration salts give the perfect biochemical mix to replace all that is pouring out of your bottom, but other recipes taste nicer.

Any dilute mixture of sugar and salt in the water will do you good: try Coke or orange squash with a three-finger pinch of salt added to each glass (if you are salt-depleted, you won’t taste the salt).

Otherwise, make a solution of a four-finger scoop of sugar with a three-finger pinch of salt in a 500ml glass. Or add eight level teaspoons of sugar ( 18g) and one level teaspoon of salt (3g) to one liter (five cups) of safe water. A squeeze of lemon or orange juice improves the taste and adds potassium, which is also lost in diarrhea. Drink two large glasses after every bowel action, and more if you are thirsty.

These solutions are still absorbed well if you are vomiting, but you will need to take sips at a time. If you are not eating, you need to drink three liters a day, and based on whatever is pouring into the toilet.

If you feel like eating, take a bland, high carbohydrate diet. Heavy, greasy foods will probably give you cramps. If the diarrhea is bad, or you are passing blood or slime, or you have a fever, you will probably need antibiotics in addition to fluid replacement.

A dose of norfloxacin or ciprofloxacin repeated twice a day until better may be appropriate (if you are planning to take an antibiotic with you, note that both norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin are available only on prescription in the UK). Ciprofloxacin is considered to be less effective in Uganda.

If the diarrhea is greasy and bulky and is accompanied by sulfurous (eggy) burps, one likely cause is giardia. This is best treated with tinidazole (four x 500mg in one dose, repeated three to seven days later if symptoms persist).

Bacterial conjunctivitis (pink eye) is a common infection in Africa; people who wear contact lenses are most open to this irritating problem. The eyes feel sore and gritty, and they will often be stuck together in the mornings. They will need treatment with antibiotic drops or ointment.

Lesser eye irritation should settle with bathing in saltwater and keeping the eyes shaded. If an insect flies into your eye, extract it with great care, ensuring you do not crush or damage it; otherwise, you may get a nastily inflamed eye from toxins secreted by the creature. Small elongated red and black blister beetles carry warning coloration to you not to crush them anywhere against the skin.

A fine pimply rash on the trunk is likely to be a heat rash; cool showers, dabbing dry, and talc will help. Treat the problem by slowing down to a relaxed schedule, wearing only loose, baggy, 1100%-cotton clothes, and sleeping naked under a fun; if it’s bad, you may need to check into an air-conditioned hotel room for a while.

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Any mosquito bite or small nick in the skin allows bacteria to foil the body’s usually excellent defenses; it will surprise many travelers how quickly skin infections start in warm, humid climates. It is essential to clean and cover even the slightest wound.

Creams are not as effective as a good drying antiseptic such as dilute iodine, potassium permanganate (a few crystals in half a cup of water), or crystal (or gentian) violet. One of these should be available in most towns.

If the wound starts to throb or becomes red and the redness starts to spread, or the wound oozes. Especially if you develop a fever, antibiotics will probably be needed: flucloxacillin (250mg four times a day) or cloxacillin (500mg four times a day). For those allergic to penicillin, erythromycin (500mg twice a day) for five days should help. See your travel advisory doctor if the symptoms do not start to improve within 48 hours.

Fungal infections also get a hold easily in hot, moist climates, so wear 100%-cotton socks and underwear and shower frequently.

An itchy rash in the groin or flaking between the toes is likely to be a fungal infection. This needs treatment with an antifungal cream such as Canesten (clotrimazole); if this is not available, try Whitfield’s ointment (compound benzoic acid ointment) or crystal violet (although this will turn you purple!).

See the CDC health advisory and medical recommendations on skin infections .

Insect-borne diseases

Malaria is by no means the only insect-borne disease to which the traveler may succumb to Uganda. Others include sleeping sickness and river blindness.

Dengue fever is rare in Uganda, but there are many other similar arboviruses. These mosquito-borne diseases may mimic malaria, but there is no prophylactic medication against them. The mosquitoes that carry dengue fever viruses bite during the daytime, so it is worth applying repellent if you see any mosquitoes around.

Symptoms include strong headaches, rashes, excruciating joint and muscle pains, and high fever. Viral fevers usually last about a week or so and are not usually fatal.

Complete rest and paracetamol are the usual treatment; plenty of fluids also help. Some patients are given an intravenous drip to keep them from dehydrating. It is especially important to protect yourself if you have had dengue fever before since a second infection with a different strain can result in potentially fatal dengue hemorrhagic fever.

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Avoiding Insect Bites

As the sun is going down, don long clothes and apply repellent on any exposed flesh. Pack a DEFF-based insect repellent (roll-ons or sticks are the least messy preparations for traveling).

You also need either a permethrin-impregnated bed-net or a pet spray so that you can ‘treat’ bed-nets in hotels. Permethrin treatment makes even very tatty nets protective and prevents mosquitoes from biting through the impregnated net when you roll against it; it also deters other biters.

Otherwise, retire to an air-conditioned room or burn mosquito coils (widely available and cheap in Uganda) or sleep under a fan. Coils and fans reduce rather than eliminate bites. Safari Lodges have most of these procedures in place but if you’re not traveling on a planned trip, check out travel clinics. They usually sell a good range of nets, treatment kits, and repellents. 

Aside from avoiding mosquito bites between dusk and dawn, which will protect you from elephantiasis and a range of nasty insect-borne viruses, as well as malaria, it is important to take health advisory precautions against other insect bites. 

It is wise to wear long, loose (preferably 100% cotton) clothes during the day if you are pushing through a scrubby country; this will keep off ticks and tsetse and day-biting Aedes mosquitoes, which may spread viral fevers, including yellow fever. A Tsetse fly bite hurts like a bee sting, and it is said that These flies are attracted to the color blue; locals will advise on where they are a problem and where they transmit sleeping sickness. 

Minute pestilential biting blackflies spread river blindness in some parts of Africa between 90 o N and 170 o S; the disease is caught close to fast-flowing rivers since flies breed there, and the larvae live in rapids. The flies bite during the day, but long trousers tucked into socks will help keep them off. Citronella-based natural repellents (e.g., Mosi-guard) do not work against them. 

Mosquitoes and many other insects are attracted to ligh t. If you are camping, never put a lamp near the opening of your tent, or you will have a swarm of biters waiting to join you when you retire. In hotel rooms, be aware that the longer your light is on, the greater the number of insects will be sharing your accommodation. 

Tumbu flies or putsi , often called mango flies in Uganda, are a problem where the climate is hot and humid. The adult fly lays her eggs on the soil or on drying laundry, and when the eggs come into contact with human flesh (when you put on clothes or lie on a bed), they hatch and bury themselves under the skin. Here they form a crop of ‘boils’ each with a maggot inside. 

Smear a little Vaseline over the hole, and they will push their noses out to breathe. It may be possible to squeeze them out, but it depends if they are ready to do so as the larvae have spines that help them hold on.  In putsi areas, either dry your clothes and sheets within a screened house, dry them in direct sunshine until they are crisp, or iron them. 

Jiggers or sandfleas are another flesh-feaster, which can be best avoided by ‘wearing shoes.’ They latch on if you walk barefoot in contaminated places and set up home under the skin of the loot, usually at the side of a toenail, where they cause painful, boil-like swelling. A Local expert has to pick them out.

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Bilharzia or schistosomiasis is a disease that commonly afflicts the rural poor of the tropics. Two types exist in sub-Saharan Africa — Schistosoma transonic and Schistosoma haematobium.

 It is an unpleasant problem worth avoiding on your Uganda safari trip , though it can be treated if you do get it. This parasite is common in almost all water sources in Uganda, even places advertised as `bilharzia free.’ Lake Bunyonyi is genuinely free of bilharzia.

The riskiest shores will be close to places where infected people use water, wash clothes, etc. It is easier to understand how to diagnose it, treat it, and prevent it if you know a little about the life cycle. Contaminated feces are washed into the lake, the eggs hatch, and the larva infect certain snail species. The snails then produce about 10,000 cercariae a day for the rest of their lives.

The parasites can digest their way through your skin when you wade or bathe in infested fresh water. Winds disperse the snails and cercariae. In particular, the snails can drift a long way, especially on windblown weed, so nowhere is really safe.

However, deep water and running water are safer , while shallow water presents the greatest risk for catching bilharzia. The cercariae penetrate intact skin and find their way to the liver. There male arid females meet and spend the rest of their lives in permanent copulation. No wonder you feel tired! Most finish up in the lower bowel wall, but others can get lost and damage many different organs. Schistosoma haematobium goes mostly to the bladder. 

Although the adults do not cause any harm to themselves, after about four to six weeks, they start to lay eggs, which cause an intense but usually ineffective immune reaction, including fever, cough, abdominal pain, and a fleeting, itching rash called ` safari itch .’ 

The absence of early symptoms does not necessarily mean there is no infection. Later symptoms can be more localized and more severe, but the general symptoms settle down fairly quickly, and eventually, you are just tired. ‘Tired all the time’ is one of the most common symptoms among ex-pats in Africa, and bilharzia, giardia, amoeba, and intestinal yeast are the most common culprits. 

Although bilharzia is difficult to diagnose, it can be tested at specialist travel clinics. Ideally, tests need to be done at least six weeks after likely exposure and determine whether you need treatment. Fortunately, it is easy to treat at present. 

Avoiding bilharzia 

If you are bathing, swimming, paddling, or wading in freshwater, which you think may carry a bilharzia risk, try to get out of the water within ten minutes. 

• Avoid bathing or paddling on shores within 200m of villages or places where people use the water a great deal, especially reedy shores or waterweed areas. 
• Dry off thoroughly with a towel; rub vigorously. 
• If your bathing water comes from a risky source, try to ensure that the water is taken from the lake in the early morning and stored snail-free. Otherwise, it should be filtered, or Dettol or Cresol added. 
• Bathing early in the morning is safer than bathing in the last half of the day. 
• Cover yourself with DEET insect repellent before swimming: it may offer some protection.

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HIV/AIDS health advisory for travelling to Uganda

The risks of sexually transmitted infections are extremely high in Uganda, whether you sleep with fellow travelers or locals. If you must indulge, use condoms or femidoms, which help reduce the risk of transmission. 

If you notice any genital ulcers or discharge, get treatment promptly since these increase the risk of acquiring HIV. If you have unprotected sex, visit a clinic as soon as possible; this should be within 24 hours, or no later than 72 hours, for post-exposure Prophylaxis. It costs US$15.

This is a particularly nasty disease as it can kill within hours of the first symptoms appearing. The telltale symptoms are a combination of a blinding headache (light sensitivity), a blotchy rash, and a high fever. 

Immunization protects against the most serious bacterial form of meningitis, and the tetravalent vaccine ACWY is recommended for Uganda by UK travel clinics. Although other forms of meningitis exist (usually viral), there are no vaccines for these. 

Local papers normally report localized outbreaks. A severe headache and fever should. Make you run to a doctor immediately. There are also other causes of headache and fever, one of which is typhoid, which occurs in travelers to Uganda. Seek medical help if you are ill for more than a few days. 

Catching Rabies in Uganda

All mammals carry rabies (beware the village dogs and small monkeys ) and pass it on to man through a bite, scratch, or a lick of an open wound. 

You must always assume any animal is rabid and seek medical help as soon as possible. Meanwhile, scrub the wound with soap under a running tap or while pouring water from a jug. 

Find a reasonably learned source of water (but at this stage, the water quality is not important), then pour on a strong iodine or alcohol solution olgin, whisky, or rum. This helps stop the rabies virus from entering the body and guard against wound infections, including tetanus. 

Pre-exposure vaccination for rabies is ideally advised for everyone. Still, it is particularly important if you intend to have contact with animals and/or are likely to be more than 24 hours away from medical help. Ideally, three doses should be taken over a minimum of 21 days, though even taking one or two doses of vaccine is better than none at all. Contrary to popular belief, these vaccinations are relatively painless. 

If you are bitten, scratched, or licked over an open wound by a sick animal, then post-exposure prophylaxis should be given as soon as possible. However, it is never too late to seek help, as rabies’ incubation period can be very long. Those who have not been immunized will need a full course of injections. 

The vast majority of travel health advisors, including WHO, recommend rabies immunoglobulin (RIG). Still, this product is expensive (around US$800) and may be hard to come by — another reason why pre-exposure vaccination should be encouraged.

 Tell the doctor if you have had a pre-exposure vaccine, as this should change the treatment you receive. And remember that, if you do contract rabies, mortality is 100% and death from rabies is probably one of the worst ways to go. 

Tickbite fever 

African ticks are not the rampant disease transmitters in the Americas, but they may spread tick bite fever and a few dangerous rarities in Uganda. Tickbite fever is a flu-like illness that can easily be treated with doxycycline, but as there can be some serious complications, it is important to visit a doctor. 

Ticks should ideally be removed as soon as possible, as leaving ticks on the body increases the chance of infection. They should be removed with special tick tweezers that can be bought in good travel shops. Failing that, you can use your fingernails by grasping the tick as close to your body as possible and pulling steadily and firmly away at right angles to your skin. The tick will then come away completely as long as you do not jerk or twist. If possible, douse the wound with alcohol (any spirit will do) or iodine. 

Irritants (e.g., Olbas oil) or lit cigarettes are discouraged since they can cause the ticks to regurgitate and therefore increase the risk of disease. It is best to get a traveling companion to check you for ticks and if you are travelling with small children, remember to check their heads, particularly behind the ears. 

Spreading redness around the bite and/or fever and/or aching joints after a tick bite implies that you have an infection that requires antibiotic treatment, so seek advice.

Snakes rarely attack unless provoked, and bites in travelers are unusual. You are less likely to get bitten if you wear stout shoes and long trousers when in the bush. Most snakes are harmless, and even venomous species will dispense venom in only about half of their bites. 

Snakebite 

If bitten, you are unlikely to have received venom; keeping this fact in mind may help you stay calm. Many so-called first-aid techniques do more harm than good: cutting into the wound is harmful; tourniquets are dangerous; suction and electrical inactivation devices do not work. The only treatment is antivenom. 

In case of a bite that you fear may have been from a venomous snake: 

• Try to keep calm — no venom has likely been dispensed. 
• Prevent movement of the bitten limb by applying a splint 
• Keep the bitten limb BELOW heart height to slow the spread of any ven.
• If you have a crêpe bandage, wrap it around the whole limb (e.g., all the way from the toes to the thigh), as tight as you would for a sprained ankle or a muscle pull. 
• Evacuate to a hospital that has antivenom. 

And remember:

• NEVER give aspirin; you may take paracetamol, which is safe 
• NEVER cut or suck the wound 
• DO NOT apply potassium permanganate

If the offending snake can be captured without risk of someone else being bitten, take this to show the doctor — but beware since even a decapitated head can bite.

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Traveling in Uganda with a disability.

Up-to-date health information for Uganda Travelers

Stay in the know, and find relevant health advisory information on travelling to Uganda at your embassy or consulate. Engage your travel doctor for advice before you start planning. That will help you have workable dates for your trip itinerary. Most importantly, if you’re going on a guided planned trip, talk to your trip manager about your health. It will be great for them to help you avoid places that would threaten your health. Check out these official links for more accurate health information:

• CDC health advisory for travelling to Uganda: https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/traveler/none/uganda
• Who Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) travel advice: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/travel-advice
• UK health advisory for people travelling to Uganda: https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/uganda
• Canada travel advisory: https://travel.gc.ca/destinations/uganda
• Australia health travel advisory: https://www.smartraveller.gov.au/destinations/africa/uganda
• MoH Covid Uganda updates: https://www.health.go.ug/covid/

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COVID-19: travel health notice for all travellers

Uganda travel advice

Latest updates: The Health section was updated - travel health information (Public Health Agency of Canada)

Last updated: May 6, 2024 10:24 ET

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Safety and security, entry and exit requirements, laws and culture, natural disasters and climate, uganda - exercise a high degree of caution.

Exercise a high degree of caution in Uganda due to the threat of terrorism and a high crime rate.

Border with South Sudan - Avoid all travel

Avoid all travel to areas within 50 km of the border with South Sudan due to banditry and cross-border attacks by rebel groups. This advisory excludes visits to national parks when accompanied by a reputable guide and using well-travelled roads.

Border with the Democratic Republic of Congo - Avoid non-essential travel

Avoid non-essential travel to areas within 50 km of the border with the Democratic Republic of Congo due to joint military operations. This advisory excludes visits to national parks when accompanied by a reputable guide and using well-travelled roads.

Karamoja Province - Avoid non-essential travel

Avoid non-essential travel to Karamoja Province due to inter-communal violence and banditry. This advisory excludes visits to national parks when accompanied by a reputable guide and using well-travelled roads.

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Border with the Democratic Republic of Congo

The volatile security situation in the eastern part of neighbouring Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) could lead to possible incursions into western Uganda by armed rebel groups from the DRC.

At the end of November 2021, Uganda and the Democratic Republic of Congo started a joint military operation against the Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) in North Kivu and Ituri provinces of the DRC, near Virunga National Park.

Ugandan military troops are present on both sides of the border. There is also a risk of banditry in this area.

Border with South Sudan

The border with South Sudan is porous and banditry and criminality are a concern. Inter-communal tensions and clashes are common in this area. Given the security situation in South Sudan, we recommend that you avoid travelling to areas within 50 km from the border.

Karamoja Province

Clashes between tribal groups occur, especially in districts north of Kate Kyoga. There is also a risk of banditry.

Western Uganda

Western Uganda has a history of inter-ethnic violence.

Due to political tensions between Uganda and Rwanda, the land border may be closed without notice. Be sure to check that it’s open before trying to cross.

There is a threat of terrorism in Uganda. On October 17, 2023, an attack occurred near the Queen Elizabeth National Park in south-west Uganda and resulted in three casualties. On October 15, 2023, the Ugandan police foiled a bomb attack on churches in the central Butambala district, west of Kampala. The Ugandan police also located and disabled improvised explosive devices (IED) in three locations in Kampala and on its outskirts in September 2023.

Terrorists have previously carried out attacks, including in June 2023 on a school in Mpondwe, near the border with the Democratic Republic of Congo, resulting in several casualties.

Further attacks cannot be ruled out. While the attacks do not appear to have targeted foreigners, exercise increased caution in and around Kampala.

Targets could include:

• public areas such as tourist attractions, restaurants, bars, coffee shops, shopping centres, markets, hotels and other sites frequented by foreigners
• government buildings, including schools
• places of worship
• airports and other transportation hubs and networks

Always be aware of your surroundings when in public places. Expect a heightened presence of security forces in Kampala. They may conduct increased security checks in public areas.

National Parks

There are several national parks in Uganda, including near the border with the Democratic Republic of Congo. Local authorities have enhanced security measures in these areas; however, tourists have been involved in security incidents in the past.

If you are visiting a national park:

• only use reputable and professional guides or tour operators
• don’t take any tours that will bring you into the Democratic Republic of Congo
• closely follow park regulations and rangers’ advice
• stay informed of recent developments in the security situation in the area before travelling as it can change quickly

Uganda’s National Parks and Reserves - Ugandan Wildlife Authority

Armed banditry, car thefts, muggings and kidnappings occur throughout Uganda and foreigners have been targeted.

Petty crime, including pickpocketing, purse and jewellery snatching and theft from hotel rooms and vehicles, occurs regularly.

If attacked, don’t resist, as offering resistance may result in violence.

• Maintain a high level of personal security awareness at all times and in all places
• Take appropriate security measures, particularly on roads linking a city centre to residential areas
• Refrain from travelling at night
• Never leave your bags unsupervised at a ticket office or a registration desk
• Ensure that your personal belongings, including passports and other travel documents, are secure at all times, and that your credit and debit cards, cash and any other financial resources are not all kept in the same place
• Don’t show signs of affluence
• Don’t carry large sums of money
• Travel in groups if possible

Armed robberies

Armed robberies are perpetrated against pedestrians, even during day time.

Armed robberies also occur along roadways, particularly at night.

Keep your vehicle doors locked at all times, windows closed and personal belongings, including handbags, safely stored.

• Don’t leave items such as laptops and briefcases in unattended vehicles
• Don’t display jewellery or electronics when walking
• Remain vigilant when using public transportation or walking along deserted streets
• Avoid walking and driving at night

Taxi and matatu (minibus) operators have robbed their passengers and stranded them far from their destination. Avoid taking taxis or matatus that have only one or two passengers, and ensure that your personal belongings are secure at all times when using public transportation.

Demonstrations

Demonstrations may occur. Even peaceful demonstrations can turn violent at any time. They can also lead to disruptions to traffic and public transportation.

• Avoid areas where demonstrations and large gatherings are taking place
• Follow the instructions of local authorities
• Monitor local media for information on ongoing demonstrations

Mass gatherings (large-scale events)

2SLGBTQI+ travellers

2SLGBTQI+ persons have been attacked and harassed based on their identity and sexual orientation. Violent incidents have increased since the Parliament passed an “anti-homosexuality” bill in March 2023.

2SLGBTQI+ travellers should carefully consider the risks of travelling to Uganda.

Travel and your sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and sex characteristics

Women’s safety

Women travelling alone may be subject to some forms of harassment and verbal abuse.

Advice for women travellers

Spiked food and drinks

Never leave food or drinks unattended or in the care of strangers. Be wary of accepting snacks, beverages, gum or cigarettes from new acquaintances. These items may contain drugs that could put you at risk of sexual assault and robbery.

Identification

Carry a photocopy of your passport’s identification page and the page containing your visa, and keep the original in a secure place.

Tourist facilities and infrastructure are adequate in Kampala, Jinja and larger national parks, but limited elsewhere in the country.

Wildlife viewing

Wildlife viewing poses risks, particularly on foot or at close range.

• Only visit game parks and reserves with a reputable tour company
• Always maintain a safe distance when observing wildlife
• Only exit a vehicle when a professional guide or warden says it’s safe to do so
• Only use reputable and professional guides or tour operators
• Closely follow park regulations and wardens’ advice

Park information  - Uganda Wildlife Authority

Road safety

A lack of traffic signs, reckless driving habits, wandering animals, pedestrians and poor road conditions pose risks. Pedestrians should exercise caution when crossing roads. There are many fatal road accidents in Uganda. The Jinja–Kampala and Maska–Kampala roads are of particular concern. Alcohol is often a contributing factor to accidents, particularly at night. Highway travel is dangerous, especially after dark, because of banditry and poor visibility. Avoid driving outside major cities after dark.

If travelling to Uganda by road, you should get information from the appropriate border police station regarding the security situation at your next destination.

Public transportation

Avoid intercity buses (especially overnight long-distance buses) and vans. Fatal accidents caused by reckless driving, excessive speed and poor vehicle maintenance have occurred in the past.

Exercise caution when using other forms of public transportation, such as matatus and boda-bodas (moped taxis), and ensure that the vehicle is in good condition before departure. If you opt to travel by boda-boda, wear a helmet at all times.

Ferry accidents are not uncommon, due to overloading and poor maintenance of some vessels. Do not board vessels that appear overloaded or unseaworthy.

We do not make assessments on the compliance of foreign domestic airlines with international safety standards.

Information about foreign domestic airlines

Every country or territory decides who can enter or exit through its borders. The Government of Canada cannot intervene on your behalf if you do not meet your destination’s entry or exit requirements.

We have obtained the information on this page from the Ugandan authorities. It can, however, change at any time.

Verify this information with the  Foreign Representatives in Canada .

Entry requirements vary depending on the type of passport you use for travel.

Before you travel, check with your transportation company about passport requirements. Its rules on passport validity may be more stringent than the country’s entry rules.

Regular Canadian passport

Your passport must be valid for at least 6 months beyond the date you expect to leave Uganda.

Passport for official travel

Different entry rules may apply.

Official travel

Passport with “X” gender identifier

While the Government of Canada issues passports with an “X” gender identifier, it cannot guarantee your entry or transit through other countries. You might face entry restrictions in countries that do not recognize the “X” gender identifier. Before you leave, check with the closest foreign representative for your destination.

Other travel documents

Different entry rules may apply when travelling with a temporary passport or an emergency travel document. Before you leave, check with the closest foreign representative for your destination.

Useful links

• Foreign Representatives in Canada
• Canadian passports

Tourist visa: required Business visa: required Work permit: required Transit visa: required

While you can obtain a visa on arrival, you should first attempt to get a visa online. Apply as far in advance of your trip as possible, as delays could occur. You may need proof that you first attempted to apply online, before being granted a visa on arrival.

Some travellers without an e-visa have been refused entry, even though they technically qualified for visa on arrival.

Canadians intending to work in Uganda should insist that the employer ascertain what type of permit will be required from Uganda’s Directorate of Citizenship and Immigration Control.

Apply for an electronic visa - Uganda’s e-immigration system

Children and travel

Learn more about travelling with children .

Yellow fever

Learn about potential entry requirements related to yellow fever (vaccines section).

Relevant Travel Health Notices

• Global Measles Notice - 13 March, 2024
• Zika virus: Advice for travellers - 31 August, 2023
• COVID-19 and International Travel - 13 March, 2024

This section contains information on possible health risks and restrictions regularly found or ongoing in the destination. Follow this advice to lower your risk of becoming ill while travelling. Not all risks are listed below.

Consult a health care professional or visit a travel health clinic preferably 6 weeks before you travel to get personalized health advice and recommendations.

Routine vaccines

Be sure that your  routine vaccinations , as per your province or territory , are up-to-date before travelling, regardless of your destination.

Some of these vaccinations include measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, varicella (chickenpox), influenza and others.

Pre-travel vaccines and medications

You may be at risk for preventable diseases while travelling in this destination. Talk to a travel health professional about which medications or vaccines may be right for you, based on your destination and itinerary. 

There is a risk of hepatitis A in this destination. It is a disease of the liver. People can get hepatitis A if they ingest contaminated food or water, eat foods prepared by an infectious person, or if they have close physical contact (such as oral-anal sex) with an infectious person, although casual contact among people does not spread the virus.

Practise  safe food and water precautions and wash your hands often. Vaccination is recommended for all travellers to areas where hepatitis A is present.

Yellow fever   is a disease caused by a flavivirus from the bite of an infected mosquito.

Travellers get vaccinated either because it is required to enter a country or because it is recommended for their protection.

• There is a risk of yellow fever in this country.

Country Entry Requirement*

• Proof of yellow fever vaccination for travellers from all countries.

Recommendation

• Vaccination is recommended.
• Contact a designated  Yellow Fever Vaccination Centre  well in advance of their trip to arrange for vaccination.
• Discuss travel plans, activities, and destinations with a health care professional.
• Protect yourself from mosquito bites .

About Yellow Fever

Yellow Fever Vaccination Centres in Canada * It is important to note that  country entry requirements  may not reflect your risk of yellow fever at your destination. It is recommended that you contact the nearest  diplomatic or consular office  of the destination(s) you will be visiting to verify any additional entry requirements.

Measles is a highly contagious viral disease. It can spread quickly from person to person by direct contact and through droplets in the air.

Anyone who is not protected against measles is at risk of being infected with it when travelling internationally.

Regardless of where you are going, talk to a health care professional before travelling to make sure you are fully protected against measles.

This destination is in the African Meningitis Belt, an area which has the highest rates of meningococcal disease in the world. Meningococcal disease is a serious and sometimes fatal infection. 

Travellers who are at higher risk should discuss vaccination with a health care provider. High-risk travellers include those living or working with the local population (e.g., health care workers) or those travelling to crowded areas or taking part in large gatherings.

  Hepatitis B is a risk in every destination. It is a viral liver disease that is easily transmitted from one person to another through exposure to blood and body fluids containing the hepatitis B virus.  Travellers who may be exposed to blood or other bodily fluids (e.g., through sexual contact, medical treatment, sharing needles, tattooing, acupuncture or occupational exposure) are at higher risk of getting hepatitis B.

Hepatitis B vaccination is recommended for all travellers. Prevent hepatitis B infection by practicing safe sex, only using new and sterile drug equipment, and only getting tattoos and piercings in settings that follow public health regulations and standards.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious viral disease. It can spread from person to person by direct contact and through droplets in the air.

It is recommended that all eligible travellers complete a COVID-19 vaccine series along with any additional recommended doses in Canada before travelling. Evidence shows that vaccines are very effective at preventing severe illness, hospitalization and death from COVID-19. While vaccination provides better protection against serious illness, you may still be at risk of infection from the virus that causes COVID-19. Anyone who has not completed a vaccine series is at increased risk of being infected with the virus that causes COVID-19 and is at greater risk for severe disease when travelling internationally.

Before travelling, verify your destination’s COVID-19 vaccination entry/exit requirements. Regardless of where you are going, talk to a health care professional before travelling to make sure you are adequately protected against COVID-19.

 The best way to protect yourself from seasonal influenza (flu) is to get vaccinated every year. Get the flu shot at least 2 weeks before travelling.  

 The flu occurs worldwide. 

•  In the Northern Hemisphere, the flu season usually runs from November to   April.
•  In the Southern Hemisphere, the flu season usually runs between April and   October.
•  In the tropics, there is flu activity year round. 

The flu vaccine available in one hemisphere may only offer partial protection against the flu in the other hemisphere.

The flu virus spreads from person to person when they cough or sneeze or by touching objects and surfaces that have been contaminated with the virus. Clean your hands often and wear a mask if you have a fever or respiratory symptoms.

Malaria is a serious and sometimes fatal disease that is caused by parasites spread through the bites of mosquitoes.

Malaria is a risk to travellers to this destination.   Antimalarial medication is recommended for most travellers to this destination and should be taken as recommended. Consult a health care professional or visit a travel health clinic before travelling to discuss your options. It is recommended to do this 6 weeks before travel, however, it is still a good idea any time before leaving.    Protect yourself from mosquito bites at all times: 

• Cover your skin and use an approved insect repellent on uncovered skin.
• Exclude mosquitoes from your living area with screening and/or closed, well-sealed doors and windows.
• Use insecticide-treated bed nets if mosquitoes cannot be excluded from your living area.
• Wear permethrin-treated clothing. 

 If you develop symptoms similar to malaria when you are travelling or up to a year after you return home, see a health care professional immediately. Tell them where you have been travelling or living. 

In this destination, rabies is commonly carried by dogs and some wildlife, including bats. Rabies is a deadly disease that spreads to humans primarily through bites or scratches from an infected animal. While travelling, take precautions , including keeping your distance from animals (including free-roaming dogs), and closely supervising children.

If you are bitten or scratched by a dog or other animal while travelling, immediately wash the wound with soap and clean water and see a health care professional. In this destination, rabies treatment may be limited or may not be available, therefore you may need to return to Canada for treatment.  

Before travel, discuss rabies vaccination with a health care professional. It may be recommended for travellers who are at high risk of exposure (e.g., occupational risk such as veterinarians and wildlife workers, children, adventure travellers and spelunkers, and others in close contact with animals). 

The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified this country as no longer poliovirus-infected but at high risk of an outbreak . Polio can be prevented by vaccination.

Recommendations:

• Be sure that your polio vaccinations are up to date before travelling. Polio is part of the routine vaccine schedule for children in Canada.
• One booster dose of the polio vaccine is recommended as an adult .

Safe food and water precautions

Many illnesses can be caused by eating food or drinking beverages contaminated by bacteria, parasites, toxins, or viruses, or by swimming or bathing in contaminated water.

• Learn more about food and water precautions to take to avoid getting sick by visiting our eat and drink safely abroad page. Remember: Boil it, cook it, peel it, or leave it!
• Avoid getting water into your eyes, mouth or nose when swimming or participating in activities in freshwater (streams, canals, lakes), particularly after flooding or heavy rain. Water may look clean but could still be polluted or contaminated.
• Avoid inhaling or swallowing water while bathing, showering, or swimming in pools or hot tubs. 

Cholera is a risk in parts of this country. Most travellers are at very low risk.

To protect against cholera, all travellers should practise safe food and water precautions .

Travellers at higher risk of getting cholera include those:

• visiting, working or living in areas with limited access to safe food, water and proper sanitation
• visiting areas where outbreaks are occurring

Vaccination may be recommended for high-risk travellers, and should be discussed with a health care professional.

Travellers' diarrhea is the most common illness affecting travellers. It is spread from eating or drinking contaminated food or water.

Risk of developing travellers' diarrhea increases when travelling in regions with poor standards of hygiene and sanitation. Practise safe food and water precautions.

The most important treatment for travellers' diarrhea is rehydration (drinking lots of fluids). Carry oral rehydration salts when travelling.

Typhoid   is a bacterial infection spread by contaminated food or water. Risk is higher among children, travellers going to rural areas, travellers visiting friends and relatives or those travelling for a long period of time.

Travellers visiting regions with a risk of typhoid, especially those exposed to places with poor sanitation, should speak to a health care professional about vaccination.  

There is a risk of schistosomiasis in this destination. Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by tiny worms (blood flukes) which can be found in freshwater (lakes, rivers, ponds, and wetlands). The worms can break the skin, and their eggs can cause stomach pain, diarrhea, flu-like symptoms, or urinary problems. Schistosomiasis mostly affects underdeveloped and r ural communities, particularly agricultural and fishing communities.

Most travellers are at low risk. Travellers should avoid contact with untreated freshwater such as lakes, rivers, and ponds (e.g., swimming, bathing, wading, ingesting). There is no vaccine or medication available to prevent infection.

Insect bite prevention

Many diseases are spread by the bites of infected insects such as mosquitoes, ticks, fleas or flies. When travelling to areas where infected insects may be present:

• Use insect repellent (bug spray) on exposed skin
• Cover up with light-coloured, loose clothes made of tightly woven materials such as nylon or polyester
• Minimize exposure to insects
• Use mosquito netting when sleeping outdoors or in buildings that are not fully enclosed

To learn more about how you can reduce your risk of infection and disease caused by bites, both at home and abroad, visit our insect bite prevention page.

Find out what types of insects are present where you’re travelling, when they’re most active, and the symptoms of the diseases they spread.

There is a risk of chikungunya in this country.  The risk may vary between regions of a country.  Chikungunya is a virus spread through the bite of an infected mosquito. Chikungunya can cause a viral disease that typically causes fever and pain in the joints. In some cases, the joint pain can be severe and last for months or years.

Protect yourself from mosquito bites at all times. There is no vaccine available for chikungunya.

Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever is a viral disease that can cause fever, pain and bleeding under the skin.  In some cases, it can be fatal.  It spreads to humans through contact with infected animal blood or tissues, or from the bite of an infected tick.  Risk is generally low for most travellers.  Protect yourself from tick bites and avoid animals, particularly livestock.  There is no vaccine available for Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever.

• In this country, risk of  dengue  is sporadic. It is a viral disease spread to humans by mosquito bites.
• Dengue can cause flu-like symptoms. In some cases, it can lead to severe dengue, which can be fatal.
• The level of risk of dengue changes seasonally, and varies from year to year. The level of risk also varies between regions in a country and can depend on the elevation in the region.
• Mosquitoes carrying dengue typically bite during the daytime, particularly around sunrise and sunset.
• Protect yourself from mosquito bites . There is no vaccine or medication that protects against dengue fever.

Rift Valley fever is a viral disease that can cause severe flu-like symptoms. In some cases, it can be fatal. It is spread to humans through contact with infected animal blood or tissues, from the bite of an infected mosquito, or eating or drinking unpasteurized dairy. Risk is generally low for most travellers. Protect yourself from insect bites and avoid animals, particularly livestock, and unpasteurized dairy. There is no vaccine available for Rift Valley fever.

Onchocerciasis (river blindness)   is an eye and skin disease caused by a parasite spread through the bite of an infected female blackfly.  Onchocerciasis often leads to blindness if left untreated. Risk is generally low for most travellers. Protect yourself from blackfly bites, which are most common close to fast-flowing rivers and streams. There is no vaccine available for onchocerciasis although drug treatments exist.

Zika virus is a risk in this country. 

Zika virus is primarily spread through the bite of an infected mosquito. It can also be sexually transmitted. Zika virus can cause serious birth defects.

During your trip:

• Prevent mosquito bites at all times.
• Use condoms correctly or avoid sexual contact, particularly if you are pregnant.

If you are pregnant or planning a pregnancy, you should discuss the potential risks of travelling to this destination with your health care provider. You may choose to avoid or postpone travel. 

For more information, see Zika virus: Pregnant or planning a pregnancy.

African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)  is caused by a parasite spread through the bite of a tsetse fly. Tsetse flies usually bite during the day and the bites are usually painful. If untreated, the disease is eventually fatal. Risk is generally low for most travellers. Protect yourself from bites especially in game parks and rural areas. Avoid wearing bright or dark-coloured clothing as these colours attract tsetse flies. There is no vaccine available for this disease.

Animal precautions

Some infections, such as rabies and influenza, can be shared between humans and animals. Certain types of activities may increase your chance of contact with animals, such as travelling in rural or forested areas, camping, hiking, and visiting wet markets (places where live animals are slaughtered and sold) or caves.

Travellers are cautioned to avoid contact with animals, including dogs, livestock (pigs, cows), monkeys, snakes, rodents, birds, and bats, and to avoid eating undercooked wild game.

Closely supervise children, as they are more likely to come in contact with animals.

There is a risk of   plague   in this country. Plague is a bacterial disease that can cause serious illness, and if left untreated, death.

The occurrence of cases in areas where the plague bacteria are known to circulate can be influenced by weather and environmental conditions. In some countries, this results in seasonal outbreaks. Travellers to areas where plague routinely occurs may be at risk if they are camping, hunting, or in contact with rodents.

Plague is spread by:

• bites from fleas infected with the plague
• direct contact with body fluids or tissues from an animal or person who is sick with or has died from plague

Overall risk to travellers is low.   Protect yourself   by   reducing contact with fleas  and potentially infected rodents and other wildlife.

Anthrax is a serious infectious disease caused by bacteria. People can get sick with anthrax if they come into contact with infected animals or contaminated animal products. Anthrax can cause severe illness in both humans and animals. Travellers to areas where anthrax is common or where an outbreak is occurring in animals can get sick with anthrax if:

• they have contact with infected animal carcasses or eat meat from animals that were sick when slaughtered
• they handle animal parts, such as hides, wool or hair, or products made from those animal parts, such as animal hide drums.

If you are visiting these areas, do not eat raw or undercooked meat and avoid contact with livestock, wildlife, animal products, and animal carcasses.

Person-to-person infections

Stay home if you’re sick and practise proper cough and sneeze etiquette , which includes coughing or sneezing into a tissue or the bend of your arm, not your hand. Reduce your risk of colds, the flu and other illnesses by:

•   washing your hands often
• avoiding or limiting the amount of time spent in closed spaces, crowded places, or at large-scale events (concerts, sporting events, rallies)
• avoiding close physical contact with people who may be showing symptoms of illness 

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) , HIV , and mpox are spread through blood and bodily fluids; use condoms, practise safe sex, and limit your number of sexual partners. Check with your local public health authority pre-travel to determine your eligibility for mpox vaccine.  

Tuberculosis is an infection caused by bacteria and usually affects the lungs.

For most travellers the risk of tuberculosis is low.

Travellers who may be at high risk while travelling in regions with risk of tuberculosis should discuss pre- and post-travel options with a health care professional.

High-risk travellers include those visiting or working in prisons, refugee camps, homeless shelters, or hospitals, or travellers visiting friends and relatives.

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)   is a virus that attacks and impairs the immune system, resulting in a chronic, progressive illness known as AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). 

High risk activities include anything which puts you in contact with blood or body fluids, such as unprotected sex and exposure to unsterilized needles for medications or other substances (for example, steroids and drugs), tattooing, body-piercing or acupuncture.

Sporadic outbreaks of Ebola disease occur in this country.

Ebola disease can be caused by 6 different viruses, including Sudan virus and Ebola virus, which spread through contact with infected bodily fluids (from people or animals). It is very serious and often fatal.

Practise good hygiene (frequent and proper hand washing) and avoid contact with the body fluids of people with Ebola disease or unknown illnesses. Avoid contact with wild animals.

Of the different viruses that cause Ebola disease, there is only a vaccine to prevent disease caused by Ebola virus. It is available under certain circumstances; however, it is not authorized for sale in Canada. There are currently no approved vaccines or effective treatments for Ebola disease caused by the other viruses, including Sudan virus.

Medical services and facilities

Medical facilities are extremely limited outside Kampala. Serious illness or emergencies may require evacuation by air ambulance at the patient’s expense. 

Make sure you get travel insurance that includes coverage for medical evacuation and hospital stays.

Travel health and safety

Medications

Ensure you have sufficient prescription medicine and medical supplies for the duration of your trip.

Keep in Mind...

The decision to travel is the sole responsibility of the traveller. The traveller is also responsible for his or her own personal safety.

Be prepared. Do not expect medical services to be the same as in Canada. Pack a   travel health kit , especially if you will be travelling away from major city centres.

You must abide by local laws.

Learn about what you should do and how we can help if you are arrested or detained abroad .

Penalties for possession, use or trafficking of illegal drugs are strict. Convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and heavy fines.

Drugs, alcohol and travel

Photography

Photography of security forces, diplomatic sites, government installations, airports and the Owen Falls Dam (at the source of the Nile River, near Jinja) is prohibited. Always ask for permission before photographing individuals.

Camouflage clothing

Wearing military-style or camouflage clothing is prohibited and may result in a jail sentence.

The laws of Uganda prohibit sexual acts between individuals of the same sex. In May 2023, the President of Uganda approved the 2023 Anti-Homosexuality Bill. If enforced, it would increase penalties for convicted offenders up to the death penalty for certain cases. It would also impose:

• up to 20 years’ imprisonment for recruitment, promotion and funding of same-sex activities
• 14 years’ imprisonment for those convicted of “attempted aggravated homosexuality”

Societal discrimination based on identity and sexual orientation is widespread. 2SLGBTQI+ persons are routinely harassed by the police. Incidences of blackmail and extortion directed against 2SLGBTQI+ persons and their families are common.

Dual citizenship

Dual citizenship is legally recognized in Uganda.

If you are a Canadian citizen, but also a citizen of Uganda, our ability to offer you consular services may be limited while you're there. You may also be subject to different entry/exit requirements .

Travellers with dual citizenship

International Child Abduction

The Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction is an international treaty. It can help parents with the return of children who have been removed to or retained in certain countries in violation of custody rights. It does not apply between Canada and Uganda.

If your child was wrongfully taken to, or is being held in Uganda by an abducting parent:

• act as quickly as you can
• consult a lawyer in Canada and in Uganda to explore all the legal options for the return of your child
• report the situation to the nearest Canadian government office abroad or to the Vulnerable Children’s Consular Unit at Global Affairs Canada by calling the Emergency Watch and Response Centre.

If your child was removed from a country other than Canada, consult a lawyer to determine if The Hague Convention applies.

Be aware that Canadian consular officials cannot interfere in private legal matters or in another country’s judicial affairs.

• International Child Abduction: A Guidebook for Left-Behind Parents
• Travelling with children
• Canadian embassies and consulates by destination
• Emergency Watch and Response Centre

Traffic drives on the left.

An International Driving Permit is recommended.

Drivers must always carry:

• a valid driver’s license in English or with a certified translation
• vehicle registration documents
• proof of valid insurance
• a valid vehicle inspection certificate

These documents must be produced on demand by a police officer.

You must be at least 18 years old to drive a private motor vehicle in Uganda.

If you are over 18, you may drive using a Canadian driver’s licence for up to 90 days from the date of entry into Uganda.

In the event of an accident, Ugandan law requires drivers to stop and exchange information and assistance. There is a possibility of mob anger if the accident has caused serious injury. In such cases, remain in your vehicle and drive to the nearest police station to report the accident.

Penalties for driving under the influence of alcohol include immediate imprisonment.

International Driving Permit

Traffic violations

If you are stopped for a traffic violation, the police officer may ask you to pay an on-the spot fine. Police, however, are not permitted to accept cash on the spot without issuing an official receipt. If you disagree with the traffic ticket, you have the right to ask for due process. The officer should provide you with information on when and where you can go to be properly charged, and then you may pursue that process.

The currency is the Uganda shilling (UGX).

Credit cards are accepted only by major hotels, airlines and some car rental agencies. You will find a foreign exchange (forex) bureau at most border posts and in all major cities. Most shops, banks and forex bureaus do not accept or exchange U.S. dollars printed before 2007.

Severe flooding

In April 2024, heavy rainfall caused severe flooding in Uganda. Buildings and infrastructure have been damaged.

Additional rain is expected in May. This could lead to damaging floods and landslides. The following essential services could be disrupted:

• transportation
• power distribution
• water and food supply
• telecommunications network
• emergency services
• medical care

If you are near or around an affected area:

• Exercise caution
• Monitor local news and weather reports
• Follow the instructions of local authorities, including evacuation orders

Latest weather warnings – Uganda Meteorological Authority

Seismic activity

Uganda is located in a seismic zone.

Monsoon seasons

The rainy (or monsoon) seasons extend from March to May and from October to November. Weather-related events such as floods and landslides occur throughout the country during these months. Stay informed of regional weather forecasts and pay careful attention to all warnings issued.

Local services

Dial 999 for emergency assistance.

Consular assistance

Burundi, Rwanda, Somalia, South Sudan, Uganda

For emergency consular assistance, call the High Commission of Canada in Kenya, in Nairobi, and follow the instructions. At any time, you may also contact the Emergency Watch and Response Centre in Ottawa.

The decision to travel is your choice and you are responsible for your personal safety abroad. We take the safety and security of Canadians abroad very seriously and provide credible and timely information in our Travel Advice to enable you to make well-informed decisions regarding your travel abroad.

The content on this page is provided for information only. While we make every effort to give you correct information, it is provided on an "as is" basis without warranty of any kind, expressed or implied. The Government of Canada does not assume responsibility and will not be liable for any damages in connection to the information provided.

If you need consular assistance while abroad, we will make every effort to help you. However, there may be constraints that will limit the ability of the Government of Canada to provide services.

Learn more about consular services .

Risk Levels

  take normal security precautions.

Take similar precautions to those you would take in Canada.

  Exercise a high degree of caution

There are certain safety and security concerns or the situation could change quickly. Be very cautious at all times, monitor local media and follow the instructions of local authorities.

IMPORTANT: The two levels below are official Government of Canada Travel Advisories and are issued when the safety and security of Canadians travelling or living in the country or region may be at risk.

  Avoid non-essential travel

Your safety and security could be at risk. You should think about your need to travel to this country, territory or region based on family or business requirements, knowledge of or familiarity with the region, and other factors. If you are already there, think about whether you really need to be there. If you do not need to be there, you should think about leaving.

  Avoid all travel

You should not travel to this country, territory or region. Your personal safety and security are at great risk. If you are already there, you should think about leaving if it is safe to do so.

Travel Vaccines and Advice for Uganda

The east African country of Uganda was called the “Pearl of Africa” by Winston Churchill. That title is unsurprising if one looks at the sheer beauty of the country.

In Uganda is the world’s longest river, the Nile, snowy mountains, and wildlife reserves. The country has a diverse culture, comprised of more than 50 local tribes, each with their own traditions and history. There’s also a lively night life, particularly in Kampala, with tons of parties, bars, and dance floors around.

On This Page: Do I Need Vaccines for Uganda? Other Ways to Stay Healthy in Uganda Do I Need a Visa or Passport for Uganda? What Is the Climate Like in Uganda? Is It Safe to Travel to Uganda? Queen Elizabeth National Park What Should I Take to Uganda? U.S. Embassy in Uganda

Do I Need Vaccines for Uganda?

Yes, some vaccines are recommended or required for Uganda. The CDC and WHO recommend the following vaccinations for Uganda: typhoid , hepatitis A , polio , yellow fever , chikungunya , rabies , hepatitis B , meningitis , influenza , COVID-19 , pneumonia , chickenpox , shingles , Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis) and measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) .

See the bullets below to learn more about some of these key immunizations:

• Typhoid – Food & Water – Shot lasts 2 years. Oral vaccine lasts 5 years, must be able to swallow pills. Oral doses must be kept in refrigerator.
• Hepatitis A – Food & Water – Recommended for most travelers.
• Polio – Food & Water – Due to an increase in cases globally, an additional adult booster is recommended for most travelers to any destination.
• Yellow Fever – Mosquito – Required for all travelers over 1 year of age.
• Chikungunya – Mosquito – Infection is believed to be widespread in Uganda. Vaccination is recommended.
• Rabies – Saliva of Infected Animals – High risk country. Vaccine recommended for long-term travelers and those who may come in contact with animals.
• Hepatitis B – Blood & Body Fluids – Recommended for travelers to most regions.
• Meningitis – Airborne & Direct Contact – Located in the meningitis belt, vaccination is recommended during the dry season (Dec. – June)
• Influenza – Airborne – Vaccine components change annually.
• COVID-19 – Airborne – Recommended for travel to all regions, both foreign and domestic.
• Pneumonia – Airborne – Two vaccines given separately. All 65+ or immunocompromised should receive both.
• Chickenpox – Direct Contact & Airborne – Given to those unvaccinated that did not have chickenpox.
• Shingles – Direct Contact – Vaccine can still be given if you have had shingles.
• Polio – Food & Water – Considered a routine vaccination for most travel itineraries. Single adult booster recommended.
• TDAP (Tetanus, Diphtheria & Pertussis) – Wounds & Airborne – Only one adult booster of pertussis required.
• Measles Mumps Rubella (MMR) – Various Vectors – Given to anyone unvaccinated and/or born after 1957. One time adult booster recommended.

See the table below for more information:

Specific Vaccine Information

• Typhoid – Typhoid, a potentially life-threatening illness caused by Salmonella Typhi, spreads through contaminated food and water in areas with poor sanitation. To prevent it, practice good hygiene and safe food and water precautions.
• Hepatitis A – Hepatitis A is a highly contagious liver infection caused by the hepatitis A virus, typically spreading through contaminated food or water. Symptoms include jaundice, fatigue, and abdominal pain. The hepatitis A vaccine is an effective prevention method, administered in two shots over six months. The vaccine is recommended for travelers to areas with high hepatitis A rates and certain high-risk groups.
• Yellow Fever – Yellow fever, a virus transmitted by mosquitoes, can cause serious illness. Protection is essential, and the yellow fever vaccine is the key. This highly effective vaccine, administered before travel to at-risk areas, grants long-lasting immunity, helping to halt the virus’s spread and safeguard travelers from infection.
• Rabies – The rabies virus is a deadly threat that spreads through bites and scratches from infected animals. Preventing rabies involves timely vaccination, avoiding contact with wildlife and seeking immediate medical attention if bitten. The rabies vaccine is instrumental in developing immunity and safeguarding against this fatal disease.
• Hepatitis B – Hepatitis B, a liver infection transmitted through infected fluids, can be prevented through safe practices and the hepatitis B vaccine. The vaccine prompts the immune system to produce antibodies, offering robust and long-lasting protection against the virus.
• Meningitis – Meningitis is an inflammation of the brain and spinal cord membranes, often caused by viral or bacterial infections. The meningitis vaccine, administered through injection, protects against various types of meningitis, including bacterial forms. It’s recommended for high-risk groups, including certain age groups, travelers, and those with specific medical conditions.
• Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) – Measles, mumps, and rubella are contagious diseases transmitted via respiratory droplets and touch. Preventing these illnesses is primarily achieved through vaccination, using the MMR vaccine. It’s administered in two doses and provides immunity against all three viruses.

Yellow Fever in Uganda

Proof of yellow fever vaccination is required for entry to Uganda. Travelers are advised to receive the vaccine at least 10 days before arrival in the country. Vaccination is also recommended by the CDC and WHO to protect travelers from the virus.

Malaria in Uganda

Antimalarials are recommended for travelers to all regions of Uganda. Chloroquine resistance is present in the country. Atovaquone, doxycycline, mefloquine and tafenoquine are suggested as antimalarials if traveling to the region. Consult with a travel health specialist on which antimalarial will best fit your needs.

Malaria spreads through infected mosquitoes. Travelers should also take steps to avoid mosquito bites and take antimalarials.

There is a risk of yellow fever in Uganda. All travelers over the age of one year must be vaccinated for entry.

The CDC recommends travelers planning on visiting certain parts of Uganda during the dry season (December – June) receive a meningitis vaccine .

Visit our vaccinations page to learn more. Travel safely with Passport Health and schedule your appointment today by calling or book online now .

Other Ways to Stay Healthy in Uganda

Prevent bug bites in uganda.

Protect yourself from bug bites by wearing long clothing and using CDC-recommended repellents like DEET or picaridin. Avoid bug-prone areas during peak hours to reduce the risk.

Food and Water Safety in Uganda

Safeguard your health while abroad by researching local cuisine, avoiding tap water, and practicing hand hygiene. Choose reputable eateries, be cautious with ice, and drink in moderation.

Altitude Sickness in Uganda

Altitude sickness, characterized by symptoms like headache and nausea stemming from oxygen deprivation at high elevations, can be prevented through gradual ascent, hydration, and medication like acetazolamide. Should AMS symptoms arise, immediate descent to lower altitudes, rest and seek medical attention.

Infections To Be Aware of in Uganda

• African Sleeping Sickness – Protective clothing and insect repellent use, plays a vital role in preventing African Sleeping Sickness, a disease transmitted by tsetse flies in sub-Saharan Africa.
• African Tick-Bite Fever – African Tick-Bite Fever (ATBF) is transmitted through tick bites. Prevention involves proper clothing, tick repellents, and regular tick inspections. If visiting endemic regions, consult healthcare professionals to further safeguard against ATBF.
• Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever – Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever, caused by tick bites and person-to-person contact, requires preventive actions like tick protection and strict healthcare precautions.
• Dengue – Dengue fever is a significant global health concern. Symptoms can escalate from mild fever to life-threatening conditions. Preventing mosquito bites is key to avoidance, with recommendations including repellent and netting use.
• Ebola – Ebola, a deadly virus, can be prevented through rigorous hand hygiene and avoiding infected individuals, both are crucial in halting its transmission.
• Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever – As the development of a Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever vaccine progresses, it remains vital to prevent the virus’s spread through vigilant measures. Infections stem from contact with infected animals or people, stressing the importance of protective gear.
• Rift Valley Fever – Rift Valley Fever, transmitted by mosquitoes and infected animal contact, can be prevented through livestock vaccination, mosquito control, and safe animal handling practices.
• Schistosomiasis – Schistosomiasis, caused by parasitic flatworms, is prevalent in areas with contaminated freshwater sources. Prevention involves staying out of potentially infected waters and using protective clothing. Recognizing symptoms such as fever and seeking medical help promptly is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.
• Zika – Zika, transmitted by infected mosquitoes and through sexual contact, can lead to birth defects. Preventing Zika involves using insect repellent, safe sexual practices, and eliminating mosquito breeding sites.

Do I Need a Visa or Passport for Uganda?

American travelers to Uganda must have a valid passport and visa for entry. Proof of yellow fever vaccination is also required.

Sources: Embassy of Uganda and U.S. State Department

What Is the Climate Like in Uganda?

Uganda is a country with many popular tourist destinations, each with its own unique weather patterns.

Bwindi Impenetrable National Park is in the southwest and is known for mountain gorillas. The weather there is generally cool and wet throughout the year, with temperatures ranging from 45 to 70 degrees. It is wettest from March to May and September to November, and driest from June to August and December to February.

Queen Elizabeth National Park is in the west and has a lot of wildlife like elephants, lions and hippos. The weather is generally warm and dry, with temperatures ranging from 70 to 85. It is wettest from March to May and September to November, and driest from June to August and December to February.

Murchison Falls National Park is in the north and has a waterfall and wildlife like elephants, giraffes, and crocodiles. The weather is generally hot and dry, with temperatures ranging from 80 to 90. It is wettest from March to May and September to November, and driest from June to August and December to February.

Kibale National Park is in the west and is known for chimpanzees and tropical forests. The weather is generally warm and wet, with temperatures ranging from 60 to 80. It is wettest from March to May and September to November, and driest from June to August and December to February.

Uganda has a tropical climate, and it’s a good idea to check the weather forecast before visiting any of these destinations.

Is It Safe to Travel to Uganda?

Before traveling, it is a good idea to research the places you plan to visit to get an idea of the safety situation in those areas. Use reliable tour operators and transportation providers. Be cautious of strangers who approach you.

Keep your valuables such as cash, passport, and electronics in a safe place like a hotel safe or a money belt. Avoid carrying large amounts of cash or expensive jewelry and electronics. Always wear a seatbelt and drive carefully.

These tips can help you stay safe while traveling in Uganda.

Queen Elizabeth National Park

Avoid an embarrassing stop, over 70% of travelers will have diarrhea., get protected with passport health’s travelers’ diarrhea kit .

Queen Elizabeth National Park is a popular tourist destination in Uganda because of its diverse wildlife and beautiful landscapes. Tourists can see many different kinds of animals on a safari, like elephants, lions and chimpanzees.

They can also take a boat cruise on the Kazinga Channel to see hippos, crocodiles, and many types of birds. Birdwatchers will be especially happy in the park, as there are over 600 species of birds. There are cultural tours where tourists can visit local communities and learn about the different tribes that live there.

Tourists can go on hikes and explore the different trails in the park, such as the Kyambura Gorge and Maramagambo Forest.

Queen Elizabeth National Park offers many fun activities for tourists interested in nature, wildlife, and culture, and is a must-visit destination in Uganda.

What Should I Take to Uganda?

If you’re planning a trip to Uganda, you should pack light, comfortable clothes because it’s warm and humid there. Don’t forget to bring a rain jacket or umbrella for occasional rain showers. You should also bring insect repellent to protect against mosquitoes and other biting insects. Sunscreen with a high SPF and sunglasses will protect your skin and eyes from the intense equatorial sun.

It’s also a good idea to pack a small first-aid kit with basic supplies like bandages, antiseptic, and pain relievers. A camera and binoculars will allow you to capture the beauty of Uganda’s wildlife and landscapes. Bring enough cash or a credit card to cover expenses, and a reusable water bottle to stay hydrated.

You’ll need your passport and any necessary visas, as well as proof of yellow fever vaccination. Other recommended vaccinations include hepatitis A and B, typhoid, and rabies. Uganda uses Type G electrical outlets, bring a travel adapter if you plan to bring electronic devices.

U.S. Embassy in Uganda

When traveling it is very helpful to find out exactly where the U.S. embassy or consulates are located. Keep the address written down in case you have a legal problem, you lose your passport, or you want to report a crime. Be sure to keep a copy of your passport with you in case you lose the original.

U.S. Embassy Kampala Plot 1577 Ggaba Road Kampala, Uganda Telephone: +(256)(0) 414-306-001 and +(256)(0)312-306-001 Emergency After-Hours Telephone: +(256)(0) 414-306-001 and +(256)(0)312-306-001 Fax: +(256)(0) 414-259-794 Email: [email protected]

If you have any questions about traveling to Uganda or are wondering what shots you may need for your trip, schedule an appointment by calling or book online today .

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• Passports, travel and living abroad
• Travel abroad
• Foreign travel advice

Before you travel check that:

• your destination can provide the healthcare you may need
• you have appropriate travel insurance for local treatment or unexpected medical evacuation

This is particularly important if you have a health condition or are pregnant.

Emergency medical number

Dial 999 and ask for an ambulance.

Medical help at the scene of an accident is likely to be limited, particularly outside Kampala.

Contact your insurance company quickly if you’re referred to a medical facility for treatment.

Vaccination requirements

At least 8 weeks before your trip check:

• the latest information on recommended vaccinations in TravelHealthPro’s Uganda guide
• where to get vaccines and whether you have to pay on the NHS travel vaccinations page

Health risks

There are occasional outbreaks of Ebola in Uganda. The authorities and the World Health Organisation declared the last one was over in January 2023. See more information on Ebola and similar diseases .  

Some countries have heightened health screening for travellers from Uganda. Check the entry requirements of the country you are travelling to or transiting.

Public Health England has guidance for humanitarian or healthcare workers travelling to countries at risk of Ebola.

See the TravelHealthPro Uganda guide for more details about health risks.

Drinking water

Only use boiled or bottled water, and avoid ice in drinks. Avoid eating food prepared by unlicensed vendors or where you have concerns about kitchen hygiene .

If you are staying in Uganda for a long time, store basic provisions (drinking water and non-perishable foods) at your accommodation, in case of supply problems.

HIV and AIDS

UNAIDS estimate that around 1,400,000 adults aged 15 or over in Uganda are living with HIV. Read more about precautions and how to avoid exposure to HIV or AIDS .

Laws and rules about medicines you can buy or get on prescription in the UK can be different in other countries.

Read best practice when travelling with medicines on TravelHealthPro .

The NHS has information on whether you can take your medicine abroad .

Healthcare facilities in Uganda

Medical facilities in Uganda are limited, especially outside Kampala. Many popular tourist attractions have poor medical facilities. If you are seriously ill or have an accident, you may need an air ambulance. Make sure you have accessible funds to cover the cost of any medical treatment abroad and repatriation.

FCDO has a list of English speaking doctors in Uganda . 

Travel and mental health

Read FCDO guidance on travel and mental health . There is also mental health guidance on TravelHealthPro .

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