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Neat enough for Pepys: Magdalene college Cambridge’s inventive new library

The famous diarist’s dedicated building, left to his Cambridge alma mater, could not be altered. So architect Níall McLaughlin created a magical solution

“My delight is in the neatness of everything,” wrote Samuel Pepys in his diary in 1663, “and so cannot be pleased with anything unless it be very neat, which is a strange folly.”

He was referring in part to the fastidious organisation of his magnificent collection of books. By the time of his death in 1703 he had amassed 3,000 of them, which he left to his alma mater, Magdalene College, Cambridge, to be housed in a dedicated building with his name above the door . He gave strict instructions that his library be kept intact for posterity, without addition or subtraction, its contents arranged “according to heighth” in the bespoke glass-fronted bookcases he had especially commissioned. The responsibility came with an added threat: if one volume goes missing, he instructed, the whole library must be transferred to Trinity.

The precious gift had a downside. The sanctity of Pepys’ collection meant that a functional library for students to study in always took second place, tucked into cramped side rooms of the grade I-listed building, unrenovated since the 1960s. Now, over 300 years since his bequest, a brand new college library has been built right next door to Pepys’ precious trove. Its modern collection of books may not be arranged in height order, but it’s fair to imagine that the meticulous diarist would be delighted by its neatness.

“There was a great sense of trepidation about building a new library in such a sensitive location,” says Níall McLaughlin, the London-based Irish architect of the project. Thankfully he has form in daunting contexts. From inserting a museum into the princely surrounds of Auckland Castle in County Durham, to erecting a little stone temple for harpsichord recitals in the middle of Trinity Hall, his buildings manage to hold their own while respecting their stately neighbours. They fit in, but have their own forceful tectonic presence, avoiding the common pitfall of being overly deferential to the weight of history. The venerable context can have a paralysing effect on Oxbridge college clients and their architects, forcing some to opt for lifeless pastiche. Selwyn College, for example, has just completed a new library and auditorium that looks like something from a neoclassical toy town, a clumsily proportioned box, crowned with a bizarre campanile . Designed by Porphyrios Associates, it is comically misjudged, the search for gravitas resulting in something more redolent of a Poundbury Holiday Inn.

The new Magdalene library, by contrast, is an accomplished reinterpretation of tradition. “Settled” was the adjective that the then-master of the college, Dr Rowan Williams, kept returning to during the design process, to describe how he wanted the library to feel, and McLaughlin has responded deftly with a building that has a timeless air.

Facing the Fellows’ Garden with a row of tall brick chimneys, flanking pitched gables and oak bay windows, the library takes an almost Jacobean form, only filtered through a stripped, modernist lens. Its facade recalls the striking row of chimneys along Trinity College’s south range, which march like sturdy sentinels down Trinity Lane ; but, rather than rising from fireplaces, here the flues provide natural ventilation, expelling air from the reading rooms. McLaughlin cites Louis Kahn as his chief inspiration, whose 1950s Richards medical research laboratory in Philadelphia was structured around great brick flues. “I like Kahn’s idea that the chimneys simultaneously carry the load of the building down, and warm air up,” he says. “In our building they also provide the overall structure, creating a sort of ‘tartan’ grid that organises the whole space.” The tartan structure is evident as soon as you walk in. Pairs of chunky glulam timber beams shoot across the ceiling, intersecting with beams running in the other direction, forming a kind of hashtag motif where they cross. They support the weight of cross-laminated timber floor slabs, transferring the load on to concrete lintels, which are then tied into the tall brick piers, the materials carefully stitched together as in a piece of fine tailoring. Everything you see is doing its job: this is not skin-deep cladding for a hidden concrete structure, as is so often the case, but the actual stuff that holds the building up.

“I wanted the language of load and support to be legible,” says McLaughlin, channelling shades of the brick-whispering Kahn. Oak bookshelves and desks are slotted in between the structural elements, demarcated as pieces of furniture, so as not to be confused with the load-bearing bones of the building. The tartan grid creates an alternating rhythm of narrow and wide spaces, the former used to house stairs and bookcases, the latter defining square reading rooms and group study areas. The rigorous structural logic is then played with across the three levels, with floors removed in places to form lofty double- and triple-height voids. The various openings mean that you get continual views across, up and through the three-dimensional grid of books, desks and students at work, creating a vertical theatre of studiousness. Each square bay is crowned with a vaulted lantern roof, glazed on each side to bring daylight flooding in from all directions, making the building feel like an airy pavilion in the garden, nestled among the ancient yew trees. The layout creates inviting niches and cosy cubbyholes, with desks set into bay windows, slotted between the chimneys, and arranged around the galleries, so you can be tucked away, but also feel part of the bigger collective whole. “Students come to the library so they can work separately but together,” says deputy librarian Tom Sykes. “It’s motivating to see other people working, but you also need to be able to concentrate, or hide away. This building provides a wonderful mix of spaces, so there’s something for everyone.”

It caters to all tastes, from the recluse to the exhibitionist. One desk projects right out into the middle of a triple-height void, visible from all sides – what McLaughlin calls “the prima donna desk,” for the student who wants everyone to know they’re working. Others are tucked between the chimney breasts in secluded dens of oak joinery, with arrow-slit ventilation flaps that open to give a glimpse of the river beyond. “It’s great that the students can control their own immediate environment, with manual blinds and shutters for fresh air,” says Sykes. “We’re open 24 hours, so it’s important that the building can just function on its own without too much management.” On first sight of the open-plan design, he feared it would be an acoustic nightmare, but the building has proved remarkably quiet so far, thanks to acoustic buffers hidden in the ceilings. A dedicated social room – named after Rowan Williams – provides a release valve for eating, chatting and generally lounging around with a view of the garden, while the next-door gallery offers space for temporary exhibitions, lined with big oak doors that open out on to the lawn. The building has received rave reviews from students so far, although some are nostalgic for the musty carpet aroma of the old library. “It’s still there,” says Sykes. “Maybe we can cut it up into pieces and offer it to people who miss the smell.”

• Architecture
• Samuel Pepys
• University of Cambridge
• Higher education

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Magdalene College Library / Niall McLaughlin Architects

• Curated by Paula Pintos
• Architects: Niall McLaughlin Architects
• Area Area of this architecture project Area:  2000 m²
• Year Completion year of this architecture project Year:  2021
• Photographs Photographs: Nick Kane
• Manufacturers Brands with products used in this architecture project Manufacturers:   Reynaers Aluminium , Eurban , Junckers , Neue Holzbau AG , Schüco , VMZINC
• Main Contractor : Cocksedge
• Structural Engineer : Smith and Wallwork , Smith & Wallwork
• Project Manager : Savills
• Quantity Surveyor : Gleeds
• Acoustics Consultant : Max Fordham
• M&E Consultant : Max Fordham
• Project Associate:  Tim Allen-Booth
• Project Architect:  Claire McMenamin
• Wood Supplier Internal Oak Joinery:  James Latham
• Fire Engineer:  MLM
• Building Control:  MLM
• Internal Joinery:  Wedd Joinery Limited
• City:  Cambridge
• Country:  United Kingdom
• Did you collaborate on this project?

Text description provided by the architects. We were appointed to design Magdalene College’s New College Library through a competition held in 2014. The new building replaces cramped and poorly equipped facilities in the adjacent Grade 1 Listed Pepys Building with a larger library, incorporating an archive facility and a picture gallery.

The new building is sited in a highly sensitive historic setting, along the boundary wall between the enclosed space of the Master’s Garden and the more open space of the Fellows’ Garden. Its placement extends the quadrangular arrangement of buildings and courts that developed from the monastic origins of the college site.

The library is approached from Second Court, through a little doorway, and out under an old Yew tree. From this shady corner, you sense the presence of the river opening out at the edge of the lawn. We wanted to make the building a journey that gradually rose up towards the light. On the way up there would be rooms, galleries, and places to perch with a book. At the top, there would be views out over the lawn towards the water. We wanted to create a variety of ways for someone to situate themselves depending on inclination. You might sit in a grand hall, a small room, or tuck yourself into a tiny private niche.

For us, good architecture plays a variety of experiences against underlying order so as to produce harmony. The new library is based upon a logical latticework of interrelated elements. A regular grid of brick chimneys supports the floors and book stacks and carries warm air up to ventilate the building. Between each set of four chimneys, there is a roof lantern bringing light down into the spaces below: air rising and light falling.

This regular array produces a natural hierarchy with narrow zones for circulation and wide zones for reading rooms. The delineation of load-bearing brick vertical structure, supporting spanning engineered timber horizontal structure is used to reinforce the organizational scheme. This creates an underlying pattern of warp and weft that we hope can be understood intuitively by people using the building.

The materiality and form of the new library are derived both from its context and from the College’s brief to make a highly durable and sustainable building. The older college buildings are of load-bearing brick, with timber floors and gabled pitched roof structures. Brick chimneys animate the skyline and stone tracery picks out the fenestration. We tried to make the new building from this set of architectural elements. We used timber instead of stone for our window tracery, which will weather over time to become a silvery grey like the stone.

We worked carefully with our builders to find a variety of bricks that would match the tapestry-like quality of the older College buildings. At the same time, this is a modern building that employs innovative passive ventilation strategies to minimize energy in use and engineered timber structure to reduce carbon embodied in its construction.

Project gallery

Project location

Address: cambridge, united kingdom.

• Sustainability

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剑桥大学抹大拉学院图书馆 / Niall McLaughlin Architects

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Visiting Oxford  > Oxford University > Oxford Colleges

Magdalen College

Established in 1458 by William of Waynflete, Magdalen College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford. It is the fourth richest college and one of the strongest academically, setting the Norrington Score record in 2010.

There are several distinguished chairs at the university, such as the Agnelli-Serena Professorship, the Sherardian Professorship, and the four Waynflete Professorships. 

The college stands next to the River Cherwell and the University of Oxford Botanic Garden , and the college choir sings from the top of the large, square Magdalen Tower every May Morning. The tradition dates back to Henry VII’s time.

What's the History of Magdalen College?

Magdalen College was founded in 1458 by  William of Waynflete , Bishop of Winchester and Lord Chancellor of England. It’s named after St Mary Magdelene, a woman who according to tot eh four canonical gospels travelled with Jesus and his followers. 

Magdelen College succeeded a university hall called Magdelen Hall, which had been founded by Waynflete in 1448. Most of the college’s earliest scholars came from the hall. The college took over the site of St John the Baptism Hospital, alongside the River Cherwell. It first used the hospital’s buildings and completed a new construction between 1470 and 1480. At the time of its incorporation, MAgdelen College had a president and six scholars. When its Statutes were written, there were also 40 fellows, 30 demies, four chaplain priests, eight clerks, and 16 choristers. 

During the English Civil War, Magdelen College supported the Royalist cause. In 1642, the college donated 296 lbs of plate to fund the war effort. The College actually had tactical significance, as it commanded a position on the banks of the Cherwell overlooking Magdelen Bridge and the road from London. Prince Rupert is said to have quartered in the college. During the 1680s, King James II attempted to install Englishman Anthony Farmer  as president of Magdalen. The fellows rejected this (because of Farmer’s tarnished reputation) and proposed a different person. Samuel Parker, Bishop of Oxford, was admitted by force and the fellows and demies that had defied the king were expelled. This expulsion marked a turning point in the University’s relationship with the Crown. James’ interference with the college fed resentment in Anglicans and his appointments were reversed before the Glorious Revolution. A special banquet each year marks the event, the Restoration Dinner. 

Famous Alumni of Magdalen College

Cardinal Thomas Wolsey

Thomas Wolsey was a statesman and Catholic bishop. He was one of the last English churchmen that played a dominant role in the nation’s political life. He attended Ipswich School and Magdalen College and studied theology at Magdalen College, Oxford. He graduated at age of 15, a fact that earned him the nickname ‘Boy Bachelor’. 

See more Famous Oxford Alumni >

The Buildings of Magdalen College

Magdelen College features a variety of architectural styles. It has been described as “a medieval nucleus with two incomplete additions” (one from the 18th and one from the 19th centuries).

The college is organized around five quads: St John’s Quad (the first on entering the college, and irregularly shaped), Great Quad (richly decorated with carvings and pinnacles), Chaplain’s Quad (with a Chapel and hall), St Swithun’s Quad, and Longwall Quad (which contains the library). 

The Cloister or Great Quad

The Cloister or Great Quad is the medieval nucleus of the college. It was built between 1474 and 1480 and is accessed through the Founder’s Tower or Muniment Tower. The southern side of the quad contains the chapel and the hall. There’s also the old library, and junior, middle and senior common rooms. Allegorical hieroglyphs were added to the Cloister in 1508. These grotesques represent scholarly subjects such as medicine, science, law, and theology, and virtues.

 The Chapel is a High Anglican chapel and was influenced by the Catholic Revival (or Catholic Reformation) in the Church of England. Said and sung services are held daily during term . The Chapel is a grade I listed building and was built between 1474 and 1480. The stained glass windows facing St John’s Quad show a grisaille (painted entirely in shades of greY) depiction of the Last Judgement. 

Magdalen Tower

The construction of this great tower, 144 feet tall, began in 1492 and was possibly intended to replace an existing belfry from the early hospital. By the time it was completed (in 1509), additional buildings had been erected on its sides, creating the triangular Chaplain’s Quad. The tower contains ten bells cast at a number of different foundries. The heaviest was made in 1623. This imposing landmark welcomes visitors to Oxford.

The New Building

The New Building was constructed in 1733 and is built in a Palladian style, derived from and inspired by Venetian architect Andrea Palladio. Edward Holdsworth ‘s full vision was never completed and the idea of incorporating it into a new quad was abandoned. 

The Daubeny Laboratory

This 19th-century laboratory is opposite the main college site and overlooks the Botanic Garden . Established around 1622 by polymath and Magdalen fellow  Charles Daubeny , it was created to be worthy of a great University (as opposed to the previous laboratory in the basement of the Ashmolean Museum ). In 1973, most of Daubeny’s laboratory was turned into graduate student accommodation.

The Libraries

Magdalen College has an Old Library, located in the Cloister and accessed via FOunder’s Tower, that contains a large collection og manuscripts from before the 19th century. The New Library, or Longwall Library, is the main library for students. It was renovated between 2014 and 2016. 

What is it Like to Study at Magdalen College, Oxford?

Undergraduate students at Magdalen College are guaranteed accommodation during term. This is typically done in the Waynflette building and “inside-walls” in the Cloister. Graduate students are guaranteed at least two years of accommodation. The charges are inclusive of heating, power, and internet access. Three cafeteria-style services are held each day in the hall. 

There are several clubs and societies associated with the Oxford University Student Union , which operates at the University level. Some subject-specific ones are the Atkin Society (Law) and the Sherrington Society (Medicine). A number of other societies also put on events throughout the year. For example, the Magdalen Players, a drama society, the Magdalen Music Society, and the Magdalen Film Society.

Students have access to a variety of sports and the college has sports grounds accessible from the main college via Addison’s Walk. There are pitches for soccer, cricket, hockey, and rugby, as well as tennis and squash courts. The college keeps a boathouse on the Isis for the  Magdalen College Boat Club  (MCBC).

Where is Magdalen College?

Magdalen College is located in High Street (OX1 4AU), Oxford. Tel 01865 276000.

Can you Visit Magdalen College?

Yes, Magdalen College is open to the public and bookings are not required. 

• Open : January to late June: 10am to dusk or 7pm, whichever is the earlier (4 January to 26 June inc) late June to early October: 10am to dusk or 7pm, whichever is the earlier. (27 June to 2 October inc). October to December: 10am to dusk or 7pm, whichever is the earlier (4 October to 22 December inc).
• Charge : Adults £8; Over 65s, children, students £7; Family ticket (2 adults and up to 3 children aged 7 or over) £25. Children under 7 years of age are admitted free of charge.
• Groups : Groups of more than 20 may have to split.

Related to Magdalen College

Joint tickets for Magdalen and the Oxford Botanic Garden and Arboretum are available at either location.

Oxford Botanic Gardens & Arboretum

The Oxford Botanic Garden is the oldest botanic garden in the UK. It was founded in 1621 and holds unique and important species.

More Oxford University Colleges

Worcester College

A constituent college of the University of Oxford in England, Worcester College was founded in 1714 by Sir Thomas Cookes.

Wolfson College

Wolfson College is an all-graduate college affiliated with the University of Oxford in England, located near the River Cherwell.

Wadham College

Wadham College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford. It is located in the centre of Oxford.

University College

University College (colloquially known as “Univ”) is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England and possibly the oldest.

Trinity College

Trinity College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. It was founded in 1555 by Sir Thomas Pope.

Visiting the Colleges

Things to do in oxford.

The Old Parsonage Hotel

The Old Parsonage Hotel is one of the best-ranked hotels in the city and dates back to the 17th century. Here’s how to visit.

The Randolph Hotel

The Randolph Hotel, situated in the heart of Oxford, stands as a distinguished landmark of the city, attracting guests from around the world.

Westgate Oxford

Westgate Oxford has more than 100 stores featuring prestigious luxury brands and beloved high-street choices.

Barefoot Jericho

Barefoot offers homemade cakes, pastries and bread, delicious coffee for eat-in or takeaway in the neighbourhood of Jericho, in Oxford.

The Cake Shop

The Cake Shop offers ready-made designs and bespoke masterpieces and has been trading since 1986 in Oxford’s Covered Market.

Oxford Museums & Art Galleries

Antiques on High

Antiques on High is an antiques and art shop from Oxford founded in 1997 and open seven days a week. It has won several awards.

Aidan Meller Gallery

Aidan Meller Gallery is one of Oxford’s longest-established specialist art galleries. They showcase modern, contemporary and old masters.

Christ Church Picture Gallery

Christ Church Picture Gallery is an art museum holding an important collection of about 300 Old Master paintings.

Oxford Parks & Meadows

Shotover Country Park

Brasenose Wood is a woodland park featuring quiet walking paths and diverse flora. It’s also part of a larger nature reserve in Oxford.

Crocodiles of the World

Crocodiles of the World is a unique and fascinating attraction located in Oxfordshire and dedicated to crocodiles and their relatives.

Cotswold Wildlife Park and Gardens

The Cotswold Wildlife Park and Gardens is a renowned zoological collection in Oxfordshire. Here’s how to visit from Oxford.

Everything about Oxford and its surrounding areas, including places to see, things to do, and information about all the colleges, libraries, and museums. 

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Collection Development

Mission statement.

To accomplish this mission, the library employs a professional librarian who oversees and implements the various programs and services of the department.  The librarian is responsible for the overall quality and balance of the collection and will provide instruction in the access and use of library materials.

Acquisitions Policies

Purpose of the collection.

The library’s primary obligation to the college community is to furnish resources and services in support of the undergraduate curriculum of the college.  It assists students in achieving a broad foundation in the liberal arts and sciences and encourages independent reading and study for enjoyment.   The collection strives to meet the research needs of students in their coursework and to support the scholarly pursuits of both students and faculty in and out of the classroom.

Scope of the Collection

Our holdings include:  primary works of permanent value in standard editions; secondary materials of critical and scholarly value; serial publications for research and general interest, and indexing tools to assist library users in retrieving information.

Criteria for Selection

Preference is given to those materials, both print and electronic, which are appropriate to college libraries of liberal arts institutions.  Criteria to be considered in determining the value of materials to the collection are:

Importance of subject matter/author to the curriculum

Relevancy in content and academic level

Authority of author, contributors, or editors

Current holdings in related materials in the collection

Changes in the curriculum

Particular criteria regarding periodical subscriptions:

Accessibility through indexing or abstracting in the appropriate scholarly sources

Requests for articles from particular journals via interlibrary loan

Availability in electronic format

Responsibility for Selection of Materials

The Library Director communicates regularly with the Academic Dean and Faculty regarding the purchase of monographs and reference materials, periodicals, standing orders, and media.  The library’s Criteria for Selection is used as a guide for all library acquisitions. 

Allocation of Funds

The library apportions funds to monographs, reference books, periodical subscriptions in both print and electronic format, and audiovisual materials.  The librarian also manages the costs of interlibrary loans and copyright permissions.

Collection Maintenance

Multiple copies.

Normally, only one copy of a title is purchased.  Exceptions may be made when there is a high demand for an item, either in the reserve collection or general collection.

The library does not acquire textbooks that students are required to purchase for their courses.  Exceptions are textbooks which are considered classics in a particular field and which may provide a significant source of information on a subject.

Gift Materials

The Library Director coordinates the acquisition of materials made possible through gifts.  While appreciating all donations to the library, materials will be added to the collection only if appropriate to the curriculum of the college and if they meet the Criteria for Selection.

General Guidelines for Removal of Library Items

If items no longer meet the library’s mission, scope, or selection criteria, they are set aside for removal from the collection.  Care is taken when newer editions of a work are acquired but the older edition continues to have scholarly value (for example, The Catholic Encyclopedia).  Damaged materials will be replaced or repaired.

Each year the Librarian, in consultation with the Academic Dean and faculty, reviews print and online renewals.  Subscriptions may be discontinued if:

The title receives little use

Space is required for more needed titles

Costs become prohibitive for a particular title

Online versions of print titles offer better value

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July 9 – 22, 2023

This session is now full.

Students will have the opportunity to take one of the following courses for college credit. Taught in Socratic-style seminar discussions, each course enables students to explore a particular interest and consider whether they might like to pursue that academic discipline as a potential college major. Students will spend 3.5-4 hours in class each day, have some assigned homework, and spend the remaining time in prayer, liturgy, sacred music, relaxation with new friends, and a wide range of extra-curricular activities.

Theology of the Body: The Deeper Meaning of Love, Sex, and Marriage (1 credit)  – Dr. Ryan Messmore THIS COURSE IS NOW FULL When it comes to romantic relationships and marriage, today’s culture is awash in confusion. The Church calls people to see a deeper meaning to sexual desire and marriage. But what is that, and how can it be pursued in modern times? Saint Pope John Paul II has provided valuable teaching in this area. Along with his “Theology of the Body,” this course will explore the nature of love, the meaning of betrothal and marriage, and sexual ethics from a Christian perspective. Class discussions will be theological and philosophical as well as practical.

Philosophy & Humanities: Friendship in Western Culture (1 credit) – Dr. Brian FitzGerald and Dr. Erik Van Versendaal THIS COURSE IS NOW FULL One of the most important features of human experience is friendship. Drawing on the great books of Western culture in literature, history, philosophy, and theology, from Aristotle and St. Augustine to Jane Austen and C.S. Lewis, this course will reflect on the nature of friendship across the centuries. Why do we need friends? What makes a good one? What are some obstacles to friendship? What happens as friends grow and mature in different ways?

Christ in Scripture (1 credit) – Deacon Karl Cooper THIS COURSE IS NOW FULL “Did not our hearts burn within us while he talked with us on the road, while he opened to us the Scriptures?” In this course we will seek to meet and understand Christ as he presents himself in all the Scriptures. We will read, discuss, enjoy, and pray through the most crucial texts, and focus our work on the living and present Christ.

$395.00 USD Tuition includes room and board. The purchase of a book may be required for some classes. Students should bring spending money for off-campus trips.

June 18 – July 1, 2023

Physics: Understanding Boomerangs, Billiard Balls, and Balance Beam Routines (1 credit)  – Mr. John Klucinec THIS COURSE IS NOW FULL This course explores the laws of motion as described by Galileo and Newton by reading and discussing these authors and through classroom experiments. Students will gain an understanding of physics in concrete phenomena through studying air flight, fluid dynamics, the aerodynamics of the boomerang, the motion of billiard balls, and the physics of gymnastics and diving.

Poetry and Politics in the Western Tradition (1 credit) – Dr. Mary Mumbach THIS COURSE IS NOW FULL This course will examine poetic form and political form in the tradition of the West. Students will explore, in particular, how the Incarnation shapes the roles of imagination, prudence, and the heroic in literature and political philosophy. Readings in poetry, fiction, and American Founding documents will be considered.

Moral Philosophy: How Do We Make the Right Decisions? (1 credit) – Rev. Fr. Stephen Rocker THIS COURSE IS NOW FULL Natural law morality and utilitarianism are incompatible frameworks of moral reasoning, yet elements of both are mixed in the public mind. Catholic moral teaching and the Western system of law are grounded in natural law. This course will present these two moral frameworks and apply them to moral issues.

Old Library

The collections in the Old Library are of national and international significance. Once reserved for the use of Fellows of Magdalen College, the Old Library is now more accessible to other members of Magdalen, the general public, and researchers from around the world. Find out how we are increasing access to our collections, online and in-person, in the following sections.

Virtual Tour

Step into the Old Library, wander between the shelves, and discover some of the greatest treasures in our collections

Exhibitions

We showcase material from our Library and Archives collections in fascinating exhibitions throughout the year on Wednesdays 2-4:30pm in the Old Library

Online Exhibitions

Can’t visit in-person, or want to look back at previous exhibitions? Many of our Old Library exhibitions have been converted to online exhibitions for the permanent enjoyment for all

Research and Enquiries

Researchers can make enquiries, request images, and are welcome to consult items from the Old Library by making an appointment in advance

Digitisation

We are working on digitising our medieval manuscripts and unique early printed books so that anyone can view them – anywhere, anytime

Reprographics

We offer a reprographics service for items from the Old Library. Users may request images from 1 item at a time with a total of up to 20 folios/pages free of charge.

Finding Aids

To facilitate finding items, much of the Old Library collections have been catalogued, although it is still a work in progress

Illuminating Magdalen

Our regularly updated Library and Archives blog highlights Magdalen College’s cultural heritage

PLAGUE! at Magdalen

Conference Announcement & Call for Papers – Writing Lawrence

Video: Reflections on Magdalen’s past, present and future

Marginalised Histories

Witches, Dragons and Hidden Kingdoms

C.S. Lewis: Words & Worlds

Talk: In His Own Image

Old Library Exhibition: In His Own Image

40 Facts About Elektrostal

Written by Lanette Mayes

Modified & Updated: 02 Mar 2024

Reviewed by Jessica Corbett

Elektrostal is a vibrant city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia. With a rich history, stunning architecture, and a thriving community, Elektrostal is a city that has much to offer. Whether you are a history buff, nature enthusiast, or simply curious about different cultures, Elektrostal is sure to captivate you.

This article will provide you with 40 fascinating facts about Elektrostal, giving you a better understanding of why this city is worth exploring. From its origins as an industrial hub to its modern-day charm, we will delve into the various aspects that make Elektrostal a unique and must-visit destination.

So, join us as we uncover the hidden treasures of Elektrostal and discover what makes this city a true gem in the heart of Russia.

Key Takeaways:

• Elektrostal, known as the “Motor City of Russia,” is a vibrant and growing city with a rich industrial history, offering diverse cultural experiences and a strong commitment to environmental sustainability.
• With its convenient location near Moscow, Elektrostal provides a picturesque landscape, vibrant nightlife, and a range of recreational activities, making it an ideal destination for residents and visitors alike.

Known as the “Motor City of Russia.”

Elektrostal, a city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia, earned the nickname “Motor City” due to its significant involvement in the automotive industry.

Home to the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Elektrostal is renowned for its metallurgical plant, which has been producing high-quality steel and alloys since its establishment in 1916.

Boasts a rich industrial heritage.

Elektrostal has a long history of industrial development, contributing to the growth and progress of the region.

Founded in 1916.

The city of Elektrostal was founded in 1916 as a result of the construction of the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Located approximately 50 kilometers east of Moscow.

Elektrostal is situated in close proximity to the Russian capital, making it easily accessible for both residents and visitors.

Known for its vibrant cultural scene.

Elektrostal is home to several cultural institutions, including museums, theaters, and art galleries that showcase the city’s rich artistic heritage.

A popular destination for nature lovers.

Surrounded by picturesque landscapes and forests, Elektrostal offers ample opportunities for outdoor activities such as hiking, camping, and birdwatching.

Hosts the annual Elektrostal City Day celebrations.

Every year, Elektrostal organizes festive events and activities to celebrate its founding, bringing together residents and visitors in a spirit of unity and joy.

Has a population of approximately 160,000 people.

Elektrostal is home to a diverse and vibrant community of around 160,000 residents, contributing to its dynamic atmosphere.

Boasts excellent education facilities.

The city is known for its well-established educational institutions, providing quality education to students of all ages.

A center for scientific research and innovation.

Elektrostal serves as an important hub for scientific research, particularly in the fields of metallurgy, materials science, and engineering.

Surrounded by picturesque lakes.

The city is blessed with numerous beautiful lakes, offering scenic views and recreational opportunities for locals and visitors alike.

Well-connected transportation system.

Elektrostal benefits from an efficient transportation network, including highways, railways, and public transportation options, ensuring convenient travel within and beyond the city.

Famous for its traditional Russian cuisine.

Food enthusiasts can indulge in authentic Russian dishes at numerous restaurants and cafes scattered throughout Elektrostal.

Home to notable architectural landmarks.

Elektrostal boasts impressive architecture, including the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord and the Elektrostal Palace of Culture.

Offers a wide range of recreational facilities.

Residents and visitors can enjoy various recreational activities, such as sports complexes, swimming pools, and fitness centers, enhancing the overall quality of life.

Provides a high standard of healthcare.

Elektrostal is equipped with modern medical facilities, ensuring residents have access to quality healthcare services.

Home to the Elektrostal History Museum.

The Elektrostal History Museum showcases the city’s fascinating past through exhibitions and displays.

A hub for sports enthusiasts.

Elektrostal is passionate about sports, with numerous stadiums, arenas, and sports clubs offering opportunities for athletes and spectators.

Celebrates diverse cultural festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal hosts a variety of cultural festivals, celebrating different ethnicities, traditions, and art forms.

Electric power played a significant role in its early development.

Elektrostal owes its name and initial growth to the establishment of electric power stations and the utilization of electricity in the industrial sector.

Boasts a thriving economy.

The city’s strong industrial base, coupled with its strategic location near Moscow, has contributed to Elektrostal’s prosperous economic status.

Houses the Elektrostal Drama Theater.

The Elektrostal Drama Theater is a cultural centerpiece, attracting theater enthusiasts from far and wide.

Popular destination for winter sports.

Elektrostal’s proximity to ski resorts and winter sport facilities makes it a favorite destination for skiing, snowboarding, and other winter activities.

Promotes environmental sustainability.

Elektrostal prioritizes environmental protection and sustainability, implementing initiatives to reduce pollution and preserve natural resources.

Home to renowned educational institutions.

Elektrostal is known for its prestigious schools and universities, offering a wide range of academic programs to students.

Committed to cultural preservation.

The city values its cultural heritage and takes active steps to preserve and promote traditional customs, crafts, and arts.

Hosts an annual International Film Festival.

The Elektrostal International Film Festival attracts filmmakers and cinema enthusiasts from around the world, showcasing a diverse range of films.

Encourages entrepreneurship and innovation.

Elektrostal supports aspiring entrepreneurs and fosters a culture of innovation, providing opportunities for startups and business development.

Offers a range of housing options.

Elektrostal provides diverse housing options, including apartments, houses, and residential complexes, catering to different lifestyles and budgets.

Home to notable sports teams.

Elektrostal is proud of its sports legacy, with several successful sports teams competing at regional and national levels.

Boasts a vibrant nightlife scene.

Residents and visitors can enjoy a lively nightlife in Elektrostal, with numerous bars, clubs, and entertainment venues.

Promotes cultural exchange and international relations.

Elektrostal actively engages in international partnerships, cultural exchanges, and diplomatic collaborations to foster global connections.

Surrounded by beautiful nature reserves.

Nearby nature reserves, such as the Barybino Forest and Luchinskoye Lake, offer opportunities for nature enthusiasts to explore and appreciate the region’s biodiversity.

Commemorates historical events.

The city pays tribute to significant historical events through memorials, monuments, and exhibitions, ensuring the preservation of collective memory.

Promotes sports and youth development.

Elektrostal invests in sports infrastructure and programs to encourage youth participation, health, and physical fitness.

Hosts annual cultural and artistic festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal celebrates its cultural diversity through festivals dedicated to music, dance, art, and theater.

Provides a picturesque landscape for photography enthusiasts.

The city’s scenic beauty, architectural landmarks, and natural surroundings make it a paradise for photographers.

Connects to Moscow via a direct train line.

The convenient train connection between Elektrostal and Moscow makes commuting between the two cities effortless.

A city with a bright future.

Elektrostal continues to grow and develop, aiming to become a model city in terms of infrastructure, sustainability, and quality of life for its residents.

In conclusion, Elektrostal is a fascinating city with a rich history and a vibrant present. From its origins as a center of steel production to its modern-day status as a hub for education and industry, Elektrostal has plenty to offer both residents and visitors. With its beautiful parks, cultural attractions, and proximity to Moscow, there is no shortage of things to see and do in this dynamic city. Whether you’re interested in exploring its historical landmarks, enjoying outdoor activities, or immersing yourself in the local culture, Elektrostal has something for everyone. So, next time you find yourself in the Moscow region, don’t miss the opportunity to discover the hidden gems of Elektrostal.

Q: What is the population of Elektrostal?

A: As of the latest data, the population of Elektrostal is approximately XXXX.

Q: How far is Elektrostal from Moscow?

A: Elektrostal is located approximately XX kilometers away from Moscow.

Q: Are there any famous landmarks in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to several notable landmarks, including XXXX and XXXX.

Q: What industries are prominent in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal is known for its steel production industry and is also a center for engineering and manufacturing.

Q: Are there any universities or educational institutions in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to XXXX University and several other educational institutions.

Q: What are some popular outdoor activities in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal offers several outdoor activities, such as hiking, cycling, and picnicking in its beautiful parks.

Q: Is Elektrostal well-connected in terms of transportation?

A: Yes, Elektrostal has good transportation links, including trains and buses, making it easily accessible from nearby cities.

Q: Are there any annual events or festivals in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal hosts various events and festivals throughout the year, including XXXX and XXXX.

Elektrostal's fascinating history, vibrant culture, and promising future make it a city worth exploring. For more captivating facts about cities around the world, discover the unique characteristics that define each city . Uncover the hidden gems of Moscow Oblast through our in-depth look at Kolomna. Lastly, dive into the rich industrial heritage of Teesside, a thriving industrial center with its own story to tell.

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Elektrostal, visit elektrostal, check elektrostal hotel availability, popular places to visit.

• Electrostal History and Art Museum

You can spend time exploring the galleries in Electrostal History and Art Museum in Elektrostal. Take in the museums while you're in the area.

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Campus protests: NYPD moves in to clear protests at NYU and The New School; more than 2,300 arrested nationwide

What to know about campus protests:.

• More than 2,300 people have been arrested at pro-Palestinian protests at colleges across the country.
• Columbia University is rethinking its commencement ceremony in the wake of campus protests and mass arrests.
• Police operations are ongoing at multiple colleges , including NYU and The New School in New York. At least 30 were arrested at Portland State University, where protesters barricaded themselves inside a library.
• Pro-Palestinian demonstrations that have rocked college campuses in the United States are now gaining traction across the world, from London, Paris and Rome to Sydney, Tokyo, Beirut and beyond.
• A NYPD officer accidentally fired a gun inside Columbia University's Hamilton Hall when police entered it to clear it of protesters earlier this week, officials said.

Ole Miss protest ends in heated confrontation

Curtis Bunn

A group of pro-Palestinian protesters at the University of Mississippi became surrounded by a larger and rowdy group of counterprotesters yesterday, and had to be escorted into a building by police. 

Videos of the protest posted on social media show the larger crowd, of about 200 seemingly mostly white young people, surrounding and shouting down the multi-racial group of between 30 and 60 pro-Palestinian protesters. 

Another video showed the counterprotesters singing “The Star-Spangled Banner” to drown out the chants from the pro-Palestinian protesters, while yet another video showed a large crowd of men, including two male students who appear to be white, in American flag overalls, yelling in the direction of a Black female graduate student.

In the video, the woman appears to be walking toward the crowd while recording them on her phone. 

Read the full story here.

Cal Poly Humboldt moves graduation ceremonies off campus

Dennis Romero

California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt, the northernmost California State University campus, today announced it has scuttled plans to hold graduation ceremonies on campus after protesters shut down the institution.

Pro-Palestinian protesters began an occupation of two buildings at the campus in Arcata on April 22, the school has said. The protests prompted the school's leaders to close the campus and cancel in-person classes for the rest of the academic year.

The occupation ended Tuesday with 35 people arrested and the buildings cleared by law enforcement, Cal Poly Humboldt said. Commencement ceremonies scheduled for May 11 have been moved off-campus.

The protest, an investigation, and the subsequent clean-up have diverted the usual month's worth of planning that goes into hosting the events on campus, it said. "There is no way," the institution said.

Commencement ceremonies will be held May 11 by major for students completing studies at each of Cal Poly Humboldt's three colleges, the institution said. Locations include Sapphire Palace at the Blue Lake Casino in Blue Lake, the Eureka Theater in Eureka, and the Eureka High School auditorium in Eureka.

A previously planned regional commencement for students from Southern California will happen as scheduled at the Saban Theater in Beverly Hills on May 14, the institution said.

Columbia rethinking commencement plans

Antonia Hylton

Columbia University is rethinking its commencement plans after weeks of pro-Palestinian protests ended with  authorities forcing their way into a barricaded school building  and arresting dozens of people, according to a source at the university and two members of student government.

The source at the university said the main commencement ceremony was slated to be canceled, but smaller events were still being planned.

After a meeting with top university leaders Friday, two members of student government said administrators indicated they are not sure they can hold a commencement ceremony on the main Morningside Heights campus in Manhattan because of security concerns. 

It is unclear if final decisions have been made.

24 arrested at Northern Arizona University, after-hours protests banned

Twenty-four protesters were arrested this week at Northern Arizona University, which said protests will not be allowed after-hours.

The university said in a statement students composed 22 of the 24 people arrested after police moved in on a what it described as a prohibited encampment on the Flagstaff campus.

Those arrested remained following a dispersal deadline of 10 p.m. Tuesday, the institution said. Exact allegations related to the arrests were not revealed, but the university reiterated that temporary structures that underly encampments are prohibited along with protests outside of the hours of 8 a.m. to 5 p.m.

The institution also said the campus' arm of Students for Justice in Palestine was temporarily suspended.

The university said it would strive to ensure its "continued commitment to free expression."

Displaced students in Gaza have thanked pro-Palestinian protesters on U.S. college campuses for their solidarity.

USC alumni pledge to withhold donations until university divests

Alicia Victoria Lozano

More than 1,700 alumni from the University of Southern California have signed a letter supporting calls from antiwar student protesters to divest from Israeli companies tied to military operations in Gaza.

Until those demands are met, they will withhold donations to the university, according to a statement by USC Alums for Justice.

“Students across the country are demanding an end to this genocide and Israel’s Zionist occupation of Palestine,” the letter states. “We, the undersigned alumni of the University of Southern California, stand with them. …  In full support of the USC Divest from Death Coalition’s demands, we call on USC to boycott, disclose, and divest from Israel and war-profiteering.” 

Protesters, UC Riverside come to agreement, ending encampment

David K. Li

Leaders of an encampment protesting Israeli military action in Gaza and UC Riverside officials struck a deal today to put an end to the tent city, school officials said.

The school agreed to publicize all campus holdings and form a task force aimed at developing "ethically sound" investments, according to a UCR statement .

"This agreement does not change the realities of the war in Gaza, or the need to address antisemitism, Islamophobia, and other forms of bias and discrimination," UCR Chancellor Kim Wilcox said, "however, I am grateful that we can have constructive and peaceful conversations on how to address these complex issues."

How Columbia University protesters organized before law enforcement moved in

Daniel Arkin

Pro-Palestinian activists who set up a sprawling outdoor encampment on Columbia University’s campus divided themselves into two groups to stay organized.

In one group were protesters who were willing to be on the front lines of a possible confrontation with law enforcement. They were ready to be arrested imminently. In another group were protesters who stood ready to help their fellow demonstrators — but wanted to avoid arrest and potential charges.

In interviews with NBC News and videos recorded at the pro-Palestinian encampment in April, activists explained how elements of the protest were organized, providing a window into a tense standoff that divided the Columbia community and seized national attention.

In an interview last week, an undergraduate student from Bangladesh who spoke on the condition of anonymity because he was concerned he could lose his visa explained that he was part of the so-called “yellow” group — a squad of protesters who wanted to avoid being handcuffed and taken away by police, but nonetheless tried to bolster the activist campaign in other ways.

“When you’re yellow, essentially, you are not prepared to be arrested,” the student said. “But you are willing to provide all sorts of other support … [such as] locating picketing, making supply runs into and beyond the encampment.” He described these as “challenging tasks” that would also “not actually have … legal repercussions.”

Another Columbia undergraduate who provided only her initials because she is an undocumented immigrant and fears deportation, said last week she spent hours a day in the encampment before university officials threatened to suspend those students.

She joined a supplies “platoon” — a subgroup formed by pro-Palestinian campus organizers. She said some of those platoons volunteered to be first in line for arrest or agreed to be configured in human chains when police officers arrived.

In a video recorded late April 23, an unidentified protest organizer in a green hoodie and black mask explained that the other team — the “red” group — would be made up of people “who prefer to be arrested today, or imminently.” The crowd surrounding the organizer can be heard cheering during his speech — and a police helicopter can be heard circling overhead.

In a dramatic escalation early April 30, a group of the protesters stormed Hamilton Hall, shattering windows and barricading doors. 

The protesters who occupied Hamilton Hall hung pro-Palestinian banners over the facade and set up a rope system that they used to transport supplies into the building. They renamed the building Hind’s Hall in honor of a 6-year-old Palestinian girl who was killed in the Gaza Strip.

In the end, 112 people were arrested Tuesday on the Columbia campus in upper Manhattan. New York City officials announced Thursday that 29% of those people were not affiliated with the Ivy League institution, where activist anger over Israel’s war in Gaza helped spur a campus protest movement that swept across the country in the latter half of April.

The pro-Palestinian protesters at Columbia demanded that the school divest from corporations that could be profiting from Israel’s war in Gaza, which has killed more than 33,000 people, according to local health authorities. The surprise Hamas terror attack in Israel on Oct. 7 killed more than 1,200 people, and the militants also kidnapped dozens of civilians.

Columbia president defends action to break up encampment

Columbia President Minouche Shafik defended the university's action in breaking up a pro-Palestinian encampment saying Columbia had made "sincere" offers to protesters before they "crossed a new line" to occupy Hamilton Hall.

She called the past two weeks among the most difficult in university history, filled with "turmoil and tension" as students protested Israeli military action in Gaza by camping out on a campus lawn.

"The university made a sincere and good offer but it was not accepted," she said in a video statement posted to Instagram . "A group of protesters crossed a new line with the occupation of Hamilton Hall. It was a violent act that put our students at risk, as well as putting the protesters at risk. I walked through the building and saw the damage which was distressing."

Protesters took over Hamilton Hall in the early hours of Tuesday morning before the NYPD, at the behest of the university, moved in on the occupiers and encampment late that night.

University of Buffalo welcomes protest, but not encampment

Madison Lambert

The University of Buffalo today warned pro-Palestinian protesters to follow all rules and not take over a campus building or camp out.

There are prohibitions "against occupation of buildings, overnight assemblies and encampments" and protests "must not disrupt university operations or activities including classes, events, meetings and lectures," according to a UB statement.

A group expected to lead a demonstration later this afternoon, UB Students for Justice in Palestine, has pledged to disperse and follow all rules.

Chicago PD and mayor want peaceful resolution to university protest

Chicago police and administrators say they’re in close contact with the University of Chicago over the ongoing student protests, with City Hall stopping just short of pledging support for any campus crackdown.

"Obviously, we are in communication with leadership in most of these situations," Chicago Police Superintendent Larry Snelling told reporters. "What we don’t want to do as a police department is escalate the situation unnecessarily. So we take our time, we assess the situations and if it’s not necessary for us to go in and attempt to start removing people, then we won’t." 

Mayor Brandon Johnson said City Hall is committed to "providing a safe, secure place where the First Amendment can ultimately be protected" and praised the police for seeking "deescalation."

University of Tennessee head defends action against protesters

Juliette Arcodia

The University of Tennessee defended its action against protesters last night, saying demonstrators can't "monopolize university property for an indefinite period of time."

While Chancellor Donde Plowman insisted the school views free speech as "the backbone of any university," she also said protesters last night went to impermissible outdoor locations, forcing campus police action.

"We apply laws and policies to everyone equally and without prejudice to preserve the use and enjoyment of university property and protect the safety of members of our community," Plowman said in a statement today. "A group of individuals does not have the right to monopolize university property for an indefinite period of time."

Nine people, seven students and two others , were arrested.

University of Wisconsin wants encampment ended soon, protesters say

Maura Barrett

Selina Guevara

MADISON, Wisc. — University of Wisconsin administrators want a protest encampment taken down before  finals start next week , but talks to end the ongoing action have stalled, demonstrators said today.

The university will not open books to show if any investments are benefitting Israel and the Jewish state’s ongoing military action in Gaza, protesters said.

School officials told protesters they want a resolution before finals and offered a meeting tomorrow to discuss demands, which organizers said would be “pointless” without disclosure of the university’s investments.

A university spokesperson could not be immediately reached for comment on Friday.

Police cleared a protest on Wednesday . It was not clear on Friday afternoon whether police action was again being considered.

Protesters, University of Chicago at an impasse

Students and staff protesting at the University of Chicago in support Palestinians in Gaza are at odds over the term “scholasticide” and cannot agree on a solution to end their encampment, demonstrators said today.

A sticking point is the university's refusal to embrace the word “scholasticide” and agree that to the "widely accepted fact   that every university in Gaza has been destroyed by" Israeli forces, according to a statement by the group UChicago United for Palestine.

University of Chicago protesters have been camp ing out since Monday , and a rep for the school hinted today that administrators might be forced to take action soon.

"On Monday, I stated that we would only intervene if what might have been an exercise of free expression blocks the learning or expression of others or substantially disrupts the functioning or safety of the University," president Paul Alivisatos said in a statement . "Without an agreement to end the encampment, we have reached that point."

Map: Campus protests across the U.S.

Jiachuan Wu

Nigel Chiwaya

Since mid-April, campuses across the country have been the site of encampments, protests and counterprotests as students have demanded Palestinian liberation and for their schools to call for a cease-fire and divest their endowments from Israel and companies they say are profiting from the war.

ACLU suing on behalf of banned Indiana University student and professor

Matthew Mata

The American Civil Liberties Union went to court today on behalf of at least three people banned from the Indiana University campus after they protested in support of Palestinians, the group said.

Bloomington resident Jasper Wirtshafter, tenured professor Benjamin Robinson and grad student Madeleine Meldrum were demonstrating at Dunn Meadow, a 20-acre campus space that's designated for protests, when they were arrested and later banned, the ACLU said .

More banned people could be added to the lawsuit later, the ACLU said.

An IU rep today said the school does not comment on pending litigation.

Pro-Palestinian campus protests go global

Chantal Da Silva

LONDON —  Pro-Palestinian demonstrations  that have  rocked college campuses in the United States  are now gaining traction across the world, from London, Paris and Rome to Sydney, Tokyo, Beirut and beyond.

These protests at schools in major cities around the globe were launched in response to  Israel’s monthslong military assault on the Gaza Strip , but students told NBC News they were also inspired   by the dramatic scenes from colleges in the U.S. in recent weeks.

They have stopped short of the size and intensity of the American encampments, which have  stirred fierce debate  and clashes with both authorities and pro-Israel counterprotesters. But today, police moved in to clear a sit-in that had closed an elite French university — a sign of the  fervent opposition to Israel’s actions felt by many young people  in countries beyond the U.S., its closest ally.

NYPD confirms 'accidental discharge' during Columbia raid

Brittany Kubicko

A sergeant accidentally fired his weapon when New York police raided Columbia University earlier this week to clear out protesters, authorities said today.

The sergeant, who was trying to make sure no one was hiding in a locked office in Hamilton Hall, switched his gun from his dominant right hand to his left, when he fired by mistake, officials said.

No one was hit or hurt by the discharge.

An NYPD spokesperson, Sgt. Tarik Sheppard, defended the department keeping quiet about the incident that happened three days earlier.

"Accidental discharges happen every single year and we average about eight a year and we don't get request (for information) on it," Sheppard told reporters. "If you do ask about it, we'll talk about it like we're doing right now." He added that bodycam video of the accidental discharged would not be released because doing so would go against protocol.

Princeton students begin hunger strike

A group of Princeton students, protesting in support of the Palestinian cause, are refusing food, a campus group said today.

Leaders of the campaign, Princeton Israeli Apartheid Divest, did not specify how many students are taking part in the hunger strike.

CIA working for release of American hostages, cease-fire

Dan De Luce

CIA Director William Burns will return to the Middle East to join talks about the possible release of American hostages in Gaza and a potential cease-fire, a source with knowledge of the matter told NBC News today.

Burns is expected to stop in Cairo where previous talks, aimed at bringing at least a temporary halt to Israel’s ongoing military action in Gaza, have taken place.

Police arrest 43 while clearing encampment at The New School in New York

Patrick Smith

Police arrested while 43 people clearing out a second college in New York City this morning, with officers moving in to remove protesters from The New School.

NYPD Chief of Patrol John Chell told NBC News that protesters were given the options of leaving or being arrested.

Earlier, the NYPD confirmed it was removing protesters from NYU.

Kaz Daughtry, deputy commissioner for operations, said on X that police had moved in at the request of The New School, to assist in dispersing the "illegal encampment inside their university center building and residence hall."

Daughtry shared police video showing officers inside the building addressing the camp. One office tells them: "You got two choices: Right now you're trespassing in this building, that is not a summons," adding that they can leave.

Daughtry also shared a letter from The New School requesting police action, which says protesters have ignored pleas to leave and have damaged university property.

"It is with deep regret that we ask NYPD's help in removing the trespassing individuals," the letter said.

The New School, based on Fifth Avenue, describes itself as a university "for scholarly activists, fearless artists, and convention-defying designers founded in 1919."

The school's biography on X says: "We welcome dissent."

NYPD arrest 13 while clearing 'illegal' encampment at NYU

At least 13 people were arrested this morning while police cleared a pro-Palestinian protest encampment at New York University, NYPD said.

Kaz Daughtry, NYPD deputy commissioner of operations, said in a post on X that police were moving in after NYU "requested our assistance to disperse the illegal encampment on their property.

Daughtry shared footage from a camera worn by an officer as several moved through the encampment advising protesters to leave.

"If you guys want to leave, you're more than welcome," the officer said. "Grab your stuff and go if you'd like to leave."

The clip showed multiple protesters emerging from tents and silently walking away, as a loudspeaker blared a message in the background.

Protest march stops traffic at UNC-Chapel Hill

Pro-Palestinian activists at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill stopped traffic with a protest march this morning, where several hundred chanted "long live the intifada," "from the river to the sea, Palestine will be free," and other slogans.

At least 30 protesters were arrested at UNC-Chapel Hill for allegedly refusing to leave an area when asked and for throwing items at police.

There were two Palestinian intifadas — in 1987, and between 2000 and 2005 — which saw widespread civil disobedience and violence that was met with a strong Israeli military response. In the second intifada, more than 4,000 Palestinians and 1,000 Israelis died, according to  the U.N ., which tallied deaths until 2007. 

Since then, the phrase has become part of the lexicon of pro-Palestinian protesters across the world, while different groups interpret the term differently. The Anti-Defamation League  refers  to intifada as a “reference to violent Palestinian uprisings against Israel, while the Council on American-Islamic Relations  says  it is used as “the Arabic word for uprising.” CAIR says using intifada as a term referencing “killing Jews” is a “false claim.

NYPD officers working to clear pro-Palestinian camp at NYU

Max Butterworth

Aerial pictures show NYPD officers moving in to clear an encampment at NYU in New York City this morning, with no apparent signs of resistance so far.

The images captured by a WNBC helicopter showed officers moving through the encampment. Earlier, images released by NYPD Deputy Commissioner Kaz Daughtry showed protesters willingly leaving the encampment.

Rutgers president declares New Brunswick protest over after agreement reached

The protest at Rutgers University's campus in New Brunswick, New Jersey, ended peacefully last night after the college management reached an agreement with protesters, the college's president said in a statement.

"I am writing to express my appreciation to all those who worked to bring a peaceful end to the protest on the Voorhees Mall on the College Avenue Campus of Rutgers–New Brunswick," Jonathan Holloway wrote.

He stressed that the college still has "a great deal of work ahead and will continue to be tested," in terms of how administrators balance freedom of speech with everyday college life.

Police arrest more than 200 protesters on UCLA’s campus as protests continue nationwide

After a clash between police and protesters on UCLA’s campus, little remains of the encampment and more than 200 people were arrested. NBC’s Liz Kreutz reports for "TODAY: on the ongoing pro-Palestinian demonstrations.

French police remove protesters from Sciences Po campus

A protester is escorted away by police during the evacuation of a pro-Gaza demonstration at the Institute of Political Studies (Sciences Po) in Paris today.

Drone video captures pro-Palestinian encampment at University of Washington in Seattle

A pro-Palestinian encampment has been set up at the University of Washington in Seattle in one of the campus courtyards. The demonstrators are calling for the university to cut ties with Israel and with Boeing, which supplies the Israeli military with aircraft.

UPenn says it asked Philadelphia officials for help after protests 'escalate'

The University of Pennsylvania said it reached out to city officials in Philadelphia this week after protest activity on and around campus "escalated."

"We have reached out to the City of Philadelphia to ensure we have the necessary resources to keep our community safe. The Mayor’s Office has asked for more information, and we are providing it," the college said in a statement yesterday evening.

An encampment has been on College Green on UPenn’s campus since April 25. The college has told the protesters in the encampment that they are violating its policies and that it was checking the IDs of those involved. Some disciplinary processes have already been started, it said.

Counterprotesters staged a march at UPenn yesterday and delivered a petition with 3,000 signatures to college leaders, NBC Philadelphia reported .

Campus protests at Portland State University

Pro-Palestinian students and activists face police officers after protesters were evicted from the library on campus yesterday at Portland State University in Portland, Ore.

Portland police seek protesters after clearing barricaded library twice, arresting 30

Police in Portland are appealing for information on 18 protesters suspected to have barricaded themselves inside Portland State University's library before fleeing the scene.

The Portland Police Bureau said in a series of statements early today that its officers cleared out the library twice following a "days-long occupation," in a police operation in which seven officers sustained minor injuries.

At least 30 protesters were arrested over the course of yesterday, police said, after "trespassers illegally entered the building again despite efforts to secure it." Some have been booked into jail; none have so far been identified.

The PPB added that it will release the identities of the suspects soon.

Police surrounded the building from 6 a.m. (9 a.m. ET) yesterday. After orders to leave were ignored, police said, officers began clearing the building — while they met no resistance, they say they saw "barricades, acts of vandalism including damage to the fire alarm system," and homemade attempts to stop the officers' advance.

This included, police said, "floors coated with paint and soap, or some other slippery substance." One person let off a fire extinguisher at officers, the statement said, before being arrested.

Those still inside then fled the scene, some carrying improvised shields, police said. One "attempted to strike an officer with a shield" and was then arrested.

At 9:30 a.m. (12:30 p.m. ET), the building was declared clear and officers left — but protesters then tore down a fence and re-entered the building, prompting yet another police response and eight more arrests.

Campus calls to divest from Israel hinge on a tough question: Where’s the money exactly?

Brian Cheung

Pro-Palestinian protesters at Columbia University yelled “disclose, divest, we will not stop” as they  broke into Hamilton Hall earlier this week , demanding the school drop any investments in companies doing business in Israel.

But shedding those stakes first requires identifying them, and even that step — disclosure — can get tricky fast, higher education finance experts say. Many large university endowments are murkily set up with thousands of individual funds that have their own rules on how they’re invested, few requirements to share their investments publicly, and third-party managers whose oversight of day-to-day trading can limit campus officials’ knowledge of their own schools’ portfolios.

“I think a lot of people believe an endowment is a piggy bank, and it’s not,” said Bill Guerrero, chief financial officer at the University of Bridgeport, a private university in Connecticut.

How the showdown at Columbia University between protesters and the NYPD unfolded

Matt Lavietes

Corky Siemaszko

The first sign that the weekslong standoff at Columbia University  was nearing a dramatic finale came after dusk when New York City police officers clad in riot gear began massing south of the east gate of the venerable Ivy League school.

It was around 9 p.m. Tuesday and the pro-Palestinian protesters standing in front of the wrought-iron gate could see the police gathering and were defiant.

“We will not move. We will not bend,” they chanted. “The occupation has to end.”

The protests had erupted on the campus April 17 when students — demanding a cease-fire in Gaza and that Columbia divest from corporations that could be profiting from the war — set up 50 tents on campus and refused to leave. The police cleared them out the next day, but the protesters returned.

This time, the NYPD was back at Columbia at the request of school administrators after a group of protesters had taken over Hamilton Hall, an on-campus building beside the gate at Amsterdam Avenue and 116th Street.

Pro-Palestinian demonstrators ‘scream’ outside Columbia University president’s home

Pro-Palestinian demonstrators gathered outside Columbia University President Minouche Shafik’s residence and chanted “shame on you” — as they unleashed the annual “primal scream.”

Pulitzer Prize Board recognizes student journalists on college campuses

Rebecca Cohen

The Pulitzer Prize Board recognized “the tireless efforts of student journalists across our nation’s college campuses” in a statement released yesterday.

The board gave recognition to the journalists “who are covering protests and unrest in the face of great personal and academic risk.”

The statement acknowledged “the extraordinary real-time reporting” of student journalists specifically at Columbia University, who covered the New York City Police Department being called to campus Tuesday night to breach a protester-occupied building.

“In the spirit of press freedom, these students worked to document a major national news event under difficult and dangerous circumstances and at risk of arrest,” the statement said.

Student journalists have been at the forefront of campus protest and encampment coverage as colleges and universities have restricted campus access to only those who are meant to be there, meaning the media has largely been barred.

MAGDALENE COLLEGE

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Everest mountaineer’s letters digitised for the first time

An alumnus of Magdalene College, Cambridge, Mallory is known for purportedly replying "because it's there" when asked by a reporter why he wanted to climb Everest. There is still debate about whether he and his climbing partner Andrew ‘Sandy’ Irvine did in fact make it to the top of the mountain.

The bulk of the collection is made up of letters written between Mallory and his wife Ruth from the time of their engagement in 1914 until his death on Everest in 1924. Among them are the very last letter he wrote before his final Everest summit attempt and three letters that were retrieved from his body in 1999. These letters survived 75 years in his jacket pocket before his body was discovered.

The letters cover some fascinating topics including:

• His first reconnaissance mission to Everest in 1921. There were no existing records or maps, it was uncharted and this was the mission to see if it was even possible to get to the base of Everest.
• His second mission to scope out Everest. This mission ended in disaster when eight Sherpas were swept off the mountain and killed in an avalanche. Mallory blamed himself for this tragic accident in his letters.
• His service in the First World War including his eyewitness accounts of being in the Artillery during the Battle of the Somme.
• Letters from his 1923 visit to the USA in the middle of prohibition, visiting speakeasies, asking for milk and being served whiskey through a secret hatch.

The letters to Mallory from his wife Ruth are a major source of women's social history, covering a wide variety of topics about her life as a woman living through the First World War.

College Archivist Katy Green said:

“It has been a real pleasure to work with these letters. Whether it’s George’s wife Ruth writing about how she was posting him plum cakes and a grapefruit to the trenches (he said the grapefruit wasn’t ripe enough) or whether it’s his poignant last letter where he says the chances of scaling Everest are “50 to1 against us” they offer a fascinating insight into the life of this famous Magdalene alumnus”.

Pepys Librarian, Dr Jane Hughes added:

“I am delighted that the College is able to make the letters available through the digitisation project.

"It launches a new chapter in our archival provision, aiming over future years to assist readers around the world to have access to materials not only through travel to our award-winning archive centre, but also through exploring from afar the digitised images and detailed catalogue.

"And our inspirational alumnus, Mallory, could not provide a better topic for our first digital archive project: a student, a soldier, a husband and a mountaineer, his short life represented his generation of young men a hundred years ago in a remarkable and moving way.”

The letters are free to view on the Magdalene College Archive website .

Exploring the letters of Everest mountaineer George Mallory

Mallory Seminar and Exhibition

George Mallory: Magdalene to the Mountain Cripps Court, 19 June 2024, 4:30 PM - 6:45 PM

A Celebration of George Mallory, a special event to commemorate the life of George Mallory. The College is hosting presentations by three distinguished writers, followed by a discussion and question and answer session. The event is open to all and free to attend.

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George Mallory: Magdalene to the Mountain Robert Cripps Gallery ,  20 June – 28 September 2024.

The exhibition will draw on material held in the Magdalene College Archive to reflect on the life and career of George Mallory. In association with The Foster Museum, Palo Alto, California, the archival material will be complemented by a series of watercolours of Everest by artist Tony Foster.