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Prison, Maison d'arrêt Tours 37 horaire téléphone

Maison d'arrêt de Tours, carte et plan, horaires de la prison. Mais aussi adresse Email et numéros de téléphone de la maison d'arrêt.

• Maison d'arrêt de Tours

20 rue Henri Martin BP 3413 37034 TOURS CEDEX 1 Tours

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20 rue Henri Martin BP 3413 37034 TOURS CEDEX 1

37034 Tours

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Prison Museums You Can Visit Across The US

With over 100,000 prisons and jails around the globe, historic jail cells and prison museums have become a huge draw for tourists, and the US is no different – the states has over a dozen historic prisons to discover. From Alcatraz Island’s remote location off the shores of San Francisco to Eastern State Penitentiary’s famous haunted cells, learn about the histories and tales that characterize the past of these seven U.S. prisons.

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Alcatraz, California

Alcatraz is reputed to have housed some of the most dangerous prisoners of the 20th century, including mobster Al Capone and gangster Alvin Karpowicz ; referred to as ‘the prison system’s prison,’ Alcatraz received the most difficult inmates. Built on an island off the coast of San Francisco, ‘The Rock,’ as it was nicknamed, made for a challenging escape, although over a dozen attempts were made – none of which were successful. Alcatraz was originally built in the 1850s as a U.S. military fortress and housed military prisoners until 1933, when it was renovated as a maximum-security prison. Alcatraz could hold 260–275 prisoners during its time of operation, less than one percent of the entire federal inmate population, but officially closed its doors in 1963 due to its high operating costs.

Eastern State Penitentiary (ESP) was part of a controversial movement in the early 1800s that advocated the use of solitary confinement and hard labor to alter the behavior of inmates. Designed in a ‘radial-style’ floor plan, ESP was one of the most costly buildings of its time, with vaulted ceilings, skylights, and 253 cells, each with its own toilet, running water, and heat. The layout and practices at ESP were so popular that they were replicated in over 300 other prisons worldwide; by the early 1930s, however, the prison abandoned the solitary confinement system, replacing it with other severe forms of punishment. Operating from 1829–1971, the prison held some of the nation’s most infamous criminals, including Al Capone (before his time at Alcatraz) and Willie Sutton ; today, it’s considered one of the most haunted buildings in the world.

Sing Sing Prison, New York

Home to the first electric chair (‘Old Sparky’), the famous Babe Ruth baseball game , and some of the nation’s most notorious criminals, like Albert Fish and David Berkowitz , Sing Sing is one of America’s most famous prisons. Built by 100 prisoners from another local prison, Sing Sing was one of the most impressive prisons of its kind upon its completion in 1828. Originally modeled after Captain Elam Lynds’ ‘silent system’ – the use of ‘hard work, community activity and silent reflection’ to alter inmate behavior – the prison eventually moved to a more modern approach that used sports to teach discipline, introduced by Warden Lewis Lawes . While the prison still holds more than 1,500 inmates today, plans for turning the prison’s 1939 power plant into a 22,000-square-foot museum are in the making. Visit the museum in the meantime, located in The Ossining Historical Society Museum .

Ohio State Reformatory, Ohio

The Ohio State Reformatory , also known as the Mansfield Reformatory, was constructed between 1886 and 1910 to act as an ‘intermediate penitentiary’, or the half-way point between the Boys Industrial School and the Ohio Penitentiary. In the mid-1800s, the land was originally used as Civil War training grounds; in 1884, plans for the new prison were approved by the state. Designed by Levi T. Scofield, the reformatory featured Victorian and Romanesque architectural styles, believed to encourage inmates to get in touch with their spiritual side. In 1990, the Boyd Consent Decree deemed the prison overcrowded and unsanitary – over 200 inmates had died during its operation – forcing it to close its doors. Today, the prison operates as a museum, and has been included in many famous films like The Shawshank Redemption ( 1994).

West Virginia State Penitentiary, West Virginia

After separating from Virginia at the height of the Civil War, West Virginia lacked many public institutions, including a prison. After repeated denials, the West Virginia Legislature finally purchased the land for the West Virginia State Penitentiary in 1886. Completed using prison labor in 1887, the prison’s design featured stone walls and Gothic architectural elements like turrets and battlements, modeled after a prison in Illinois , and included a hospital and chapel, adding a school and library later on. There were other services, like a carpentry shop and bakery, that provided jobs for inmates, making the prison self-sufficient. Despite its good conditions at the turn of the century, the prison went into a state of decline: there were over 36 homicides, a prison break in 1979, and a riot in 1986. The prison was ordered to shut down by the Supreme Court in 1986; it officially closed its doors in 1995. It was listed as one of the US Department of Justice’s Top Ten Most Violent Correctional Facilities and played host to 94 executions from 1899–1959: 85 by hanging and nine by electric chair. It is also considered one of America’s most haunted prisons.

Old Idaho Penitentiary, Idaho

Old Idaho Penitentiary , once known as the Territorial Prison, was constructed in 1872 as a single-cell house; over the years, the prison expanded to include several buildings, as well as a 17-foot-high wall surrounding the complex. Over 101 years, until it closed in 1973, the Old Idaho Penitentiary received over 13,000 inmates, 215 of them women, and housed infamous convicts like Harry Orchard and Lyda ‘Lady Bluebeard’ Southard . The prison, however, was known for having unsuitable living conditions, and many inmates responded to these conditions with riots in 1971 and 1973. After its closing in 1973, the prison was placed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Yuma Territorial Prison, Arizona

Yuma Territorial Prison , now a historic state park , opened its doors in 1876, and its first inmates were seven men who were responsible for constructing the prison. During its 33 years of operation, the prison housed 3,069 prisoners, 29 of them women, and despite its infamous reputation, it is said to have had humane conditions – prisoners made hand-crafted items that were sold at Sunday public markets and they received regular medical attention; the prison also had one of the first public libraries in the territory, where prisoners learned how to read and write. No executions took place here, but over 26 inmates escaped and over 100 died (most from tuberculosis). By the turn of the century, the prison was overcrowded, so a new facility was built in Florence, Arizona , and the prison officially ceased operations in 1909.

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La Santé prison: visitors welcome

T he last vespasienne left standing in Paris stands on the Boulevard Arago just beneath the walls of La Santé prison. Not so long ago these green public urinals were almost as synonymous with Paris as the Eiffel tower or the Sacré-Coeur. They also played a minor but crucial role in Parisian cultural history – not only (and most obviously) as an erotic meeting place for gay people but also as cover for French resistance activities during the second world war. Then in the 1990s they were quietly disappeared and replaced with the grey sanisettes where Parisians can now relieve themselves in privacy and isolation. This last urinal, now clogged with mud and leaves, stands in its own way as a spectral monument to an older, earthier Paris, a long way from the sleek 21st century of the city.

The same might well be said of La Santé prison, which looms so large and menacingly over the urinal and the boulevard. Apart from the Bastille, this is the most famous prison in French history. It has been here since 1867 and its inmates have included Jean Genet, Carlos the Jackal, the crooked businessman Bernard Tapie, the rogue financier Jérôme Kerviel, Manuel Noriega and – most beloved by Parisians – the swaggering gangster Jacques Mesrine. In 1978, Mesrine climbed over its walls and went on the run. He was a master of disguise who loved tweaking the nose of the police. For many Parisians, he was a glamorous antihero – wanting to see him as a romantic outlaw, his admirers overlooked the fact that he was also a ruthless killer.

All of this, according to the public relations wing of the French prison service, has made La Santé a lieu de mémoire (“a site of memory”), a term used by French historians to denote buildings and monuments that are charged with historical meaning. Celebrated in song by the likes of Georges Brassens and Yves Duteil, who both lamented its stern and gloomy walls, as well as a backdrop in countless French gangster movies, La Santé has always had a mythic aura for Parisians.

That is not just because of the star quality of its past inmates but also because it is situated right in the heart of Paris in the otherwise smart and arty district of Montparnasse. It is indeed situated only a few steps away from a primary school. The cries of children mingling with the noise of shouting prisoners are part of the strange atmosphere in this part of town. I have been living here for nearly a decade and, like everyone else, I enjoy the street markets, cafés and bookshops. But if you live here you are always aware too of La Santé, lying just beyond the crossroads at Denfert-Rochereau, radiating its dangerous and ambiguous charisma.

In the past few years, however, the French government has been determined to improve the image of its prisons. In part this move was a reaction by politicians, provoked by professionals in the prison service who have been complaining for a long time that the French system has been falling behind European standards (when I was conducting research in French prisons in 2012 that is what all senior prison officers said to me). Most famously, these complaints caught fire in 2000 when Véronique Vasseur, La Santé’s chief medical officer, published a book, Médecin-chef à la prison de la Santé , which told the story of the prison from the inside.

Vasseur’s unflinching account of life in La Santé sickened the French public. She described how the place was infested with rats and cockroaches, inmates were piled on top of one another, suicidal prisoners were left in chains (drinking disinfectant was one of the most common ways to try to kill yourself). There were the kind of severe wounds usually only seen in wartime along with trench foot and other skin infections thought left behind in the 19th century. Most shocking of all to readers was that La Santé was a “city within the city”, with its own rules and a morality governed by violence and illogic. The prison had apparently been abandoned by the French authorities to disease and death.

Since then three of the most notorious blocks in La Santé have been closed down and now the prison is closed for four years [aside from operating as a day centre for parole prisoners]while renovations take place – the government has claimed that its models for reform in its prisons are second to none. Hence also the decision to open up La Santé to public scrutiny as part of the official Journées du Patrimoine – a series of heritage days every autumn when the government opens up places of historical importance that are normally hidden from the public gaze. The initiative was launched 30 years ago by Jack Lang, minister for culture under François Mitterrand. The first aim was, in the new spirit of socialism sweeping the land under Mitterrand, to demystify the impenetrable secrets of official France.

That was why, on a blustery Sunday afternoon on the rue Messier, at the old exit from La Santé, I was chatting with a group of young people – students, teachers, IT workers. They were smoking, shivering, and speaking all at once. They all talked with awed tones, as if they have been through an extreme experience. As part of a Journée du Patrimoine, they had all just been on an escorted tour of La Santé, including the execution yard and high-security wing.

All of them said that they had not expected their day trip to the prison to be quite so disturbing. “I thought it would be educational,” said one, “but now I feel a bit strange.” The rue Messier is a peculiarly bleak and narrow street, the first view of freedom for the countless thousands of released prisoners since 1867. Directly across the street, until the 1980s, there was a café called A la bonne Santé (literally, “to your good health” – santé means health) where the newly freed men would toast their liberty before drinking themselves dead drunk. Standing there, after a visit of only a few hours, you are bound to feel strange – it felt as if we were trespassing on someone else’s bad memories. I asked the group, why did they come here? One visitor replied: “I don’t know. I thought I would learn something about our history, and I did. But it’s a lot harder than I thought it would be.” Another said that he felt both sad and elated – that he had just experienced something he never expected to see in his whole life. “Now I have seen it I don’t want to keep those images in my head,” he said.

A week earlier I had been on the same tour of the prison with an invited group of journalists, escorted by a group of tough-looking young women and a warder who joshed his way through the corridors between walls of peeling paint. The first thing I noticed as I went into the prison was the recent proclamation from the republic banning the use of the veil in public spaces.

There was nothing of the museum about the visit – no special exhibitions or explanatory signs. Everything was clean, rubbed raw but real. As we began the tour properly in the Cour d’Honneur, the former entrance to the prison, I asked where the executions had taken place and where the guillotine had been used. “Right where you are standing,” said the guard. “Until 1939 the guillotine was used just outside but after that all the executions took place here so that the whole prison knew about them.”

Public executions took place outside the prison walls in the rue de La Santé well into the 20th century. The last public beheading was actually in 1939 (for the purposes of comparison, the last public execution in England took place in 1868). The unfortunate victim in the rue de La Santé was Max Bloch, a burglar and double murderer. As was the tradition, the execution took place at dawn and attracted a crowd of several hundred who came to make a party out of it – “to see a murderer’s head pop like a champagne cork”, as one gore-hound put it.

Executions continued throughout the second world war, except that now it was the Germans, who were killing French Resistance fighters. Eighteen of them were either guillotined or shot by firing squad during this period. The occupation ended with a riot during which 28 prisoners were shot on the orders of the German régime. The last execution – by guillotine – actually took place here in 1972. The executioner was André Obrecht, the second chief executioner in France , who made a separate living as a bookmaker and with a business selling ice cream on the Paris cinema circuit.

La Santé is actually quite a small prison. It is divided into two levels – the upper and the lower. Until 2000 the prisoners were racially segregated – there was a block for “Western Europe”, “Black Africa”, “North Africa”, and “The Rest of the World”. The most depressing aspect of the prison is how overcrowded it must have been when prisoners were there. The cells are tiny. As recently as 2013, the lawyer Etienne Noël, a prominent advocate of prisoners’ rights in France, published angry reports that in La Santé each prisoner had no more than two square metres to himself. The maximum-security cells are even more claustrophobic – tight boxes where you can almost stretch your arms and touch both walls at the same time.

Overcrowding was a major factor in suicides. It was also a great incentive to escape. Probably the most daring of all of the great escapes from La Santé was that of Michel Vaujour in 1986, whose wife, Nadine, swooped into the courtyard to snatch him up in a helicopter she was piloting. As the police and guards gnashed their teeth, the whole of Paris applauded the daring and poetry of this escape, later to become the subject of two films . Like Jacques Mesrine, Michel Vaujour became a folk hero, another bandit on the run – until he was shot down and crippled in a vengeful stand-off with police a few months later.

On the last day of the visits to La Santé I spoke to Valérie Cormont, a senior officer in the prison system. We stood in front of an impatient queue of people at the entrance, their hopes of getting into the prison fading fast. Cormont expressed her amazement that within the first few hours of the announcement that the prison was to open to the public, more than 2,000 applications had been made. On the first day, visitors were running to get into the prison at eight in the morning.

There had always been “something special” about La Santé, Cormont explained. Staff and prisoners seem to agree. One former inmate, who was on the day-visit but who did not want to be named, described his experiences there to me as “staying with [him] like a tattoo”. The people in the queue agreed too that La Santé was a special place. For all French people, La Santé is the prison; its walls and its inmates alike have an iconic status. There is, of course, a kind of nostalgia at work here. For all its grimness, a prison like La Santé can look quaint and even homely in the new century, and as I strolled around the building with the press pack, listening to the stories of wisecracking old lags, it began to seem more like Porridge than a den of vicious despair.

No doubt that was partly because of the absence of prisoners. I compared my visit to my first time in a French prison – the prison of Fresnes to the south of Paris. Fresnes is of the same vintage as La Santé and boasts a similar roll-call of notorious ex-cons. But these days Fresnes is a far harder, less controllable place than La Santé. Like many French prisons, Fresnes has a majority population of Muslims, many of whom have become radicalised and declare themselves at war with the French state. It is estimated that 70% of prisoners in France are Muslim, though no one really knows – French law forbids defining people by religion or ethnicity. The guards I spoke to in Fresnes described the radical Muslims as a sort of secret army; they told me how with the Basques, Corsicans, Romanians and “ordinary decent” criminals, you could almost be friends with them on the outside. But not with the radical Muslims who answered only to God and were constantly threatening revenge and war.

It was Louis-Ferdinand Céline, that supreme chronicler of Parisian low-life (and pro-Nazi anti-semite), who said that you can only judge a country when you have seen its prisons. Céline himself was no stranger to confinement. After the second world war, he spent a year and a half in prison in Denmark accused of being a collaborator. In his great novel of the 1930s, Voyage au bout de la nuit ( Journey to the End of the Night ), praised by Orwell and Trotsky, Céline also said that “all of the desires of the poor are punished by prison”.

This is indeed how generations of Parisians have seen La Santé and why it occupies such an important place in the cultural history of the city and is deeply inscribed into the city’s folklore. The reality is, however, that the French prison system is under great strain and faces totally new challenges related to geo-political tensions in north Africa and the Middle East. As a consequence, say the prison authorities, La Santé is now being rebuilt to suit the new prison population of the 21st century. The old-school voyous (“bad guys”) – the bandits, swindlers and assassins – from the cobbled streets of old Paris are now no more than legends.

In the same way, La Santé in its present dilapidated state belongs firmly to the last century – a melancholic reminder of a different, disappearing civilisation. It remains to be seen whether future generations of Parisians will remember the ghosts of La Santé. This is no doubt why the French government has opened the place up to the public; not only to remind Parisians of their transgressive histories but also to demonstrate that the past really is now behind them.

But for the time being, it only takes a short stroll in Montparnasse, down towards rue de La Santé, and then a few yards further on, to find yourself before the high grey-green walls of the prison. And then, as you stand where the guillotine once stood, alongside the last vespasienne in Paris, you’ll sense the tangy whiff of what was for so long the stuff of Parisian nightmares.

Andrew Hussey is director of the University of London’s Centre for Post-Colonial Studies School of Advanced Study, Paris

• This article was amended on 10 January 2018 to remove two visitor’s names.
• The Observer
• Prisons and probation
• UK criminal justice

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The Palgrave Handbook of Incarceration in Popular Culture pp 541–554 Cite as

Dark Tours: Prison Museums and Hotels

• James C. Oleson 4  
• First Online: 04 February 2020

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When carceral punishments supplanted public spectacles of corporal punishment, the public was deprived of an important solidarity-building ritual about crime and punishment. Today, trials are the public spectacle; punishment is invisible. For people interested in real prisons but unwilling to endure the deprivations of a custodial sentence, four principal options are available and this chapter will explore their expression, uptake, and impact. First, it is possible to visit operational prisons. But as a general matter, the public cannot access the interiors of operational prisons. Clandestine tours of Bolivia’s San Pedro Prison are an important exception. Second, urban explorers infiltrate the ruins of abandoned prison facilities. Third, many people tour prison museums. However, prison museums are not limited to America; as indicated in this chapter’s maps, they are located on every continent. Finally, fourth, many decommissioned prisons have been repurposed as hotels.

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Oleson, J.C. (2020). Dark Tours: Prison Museums and Hotels. In: Harmes, M., Harmes, M., Harmes, B. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Incarceration in Popular Culture. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36059-7_33

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La Vieille Prison de Trois-Rivières

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Visible du Golden Gate Bridge ou encore du Pier 39, la prison d'Alcatraz, aussi appelée "The Rock", est installée sur une île, Alcatraz Island, située au beau milieu de la baie de San Francisco.

La visite de la prison d'Alcatraz est un must pour n'importe quel touriste souhaitant découvrir San Francisco. Avec près de 2 millions de visiteurs chaque année, la prison d'Alcatraz est l'une des attractions les plus populaires de la ville.

Fermée depuis 1963, la prison était réputée pour être impossible de s'en évader. Il est désormais possible de se rendre sur l'île en bateau et de suivre une visite audioguidée très bien faite de la prison, incluant la visite des cellules ou de la cantine, avec en prime une superbe vue sur la baie de San Francisco et le Golden Gate Bridge.

La prison d'Alcatraz se situe sur Alcatraz Island, un bout de terre de 9 hectares émergeant au milieu de la baie de San Francisco, à moins de 2 kilomètres de Fisherman's Wharf. Voir le plan de situation de l'île d'Alcatraz .

L'île d'Alcatraz accueillit au cours du 19ème siècle un fort, afin de protéger la baie de San Francisco. Au début du 20ème siècle, les infrastructures furent reconverties en prison militaire, avant de devenir une prison fédérale en 1933, qui ferma en 1963. En 1972, l'île intégra la Golden Gate National Recreation Area et sa gestion fût confiée au National Park Service.

Accès à Alcatraz Island

L'île d'Alcatraz est accessible toute l'année. Le seul moyen de se rendre sur l'île et de visiter la prison est d'opter pour un tour en ferry proposé par Alcatraz City Cruises , seule compagnie autorisée par le NPS à accoster sur l'île.

Ces ferries partent du Pier 33 et rejoignent en une quinzaine de minutes l'île d'Alcatraz, située au milieu de la baie de San Francisco.

Bien que l'île soit gérée par le NPS, le pass America the Beautiful ne vous sera d'aucune utilité pour visiter Alcatraz.

Tours pour visiter Alcatraz

La réservation des billets, qui incluent la traversée en ferry et la visite de la prison d'Alcatraz, se fait en ligne, sur le site de Alcatraz City Cruises .

C'est une excursion extrêmement populaire, et le nombre de places quotidiennes est assez limité. Il est donc conseillé de réserver vos tickets le plus tôt possible, tout en sachant que les ventes de billets n'ouvrent que 3 mois à l'avance.

Il existe la possibilité de combiner la visite de la prison d'Alcatraz avec une autre activité, comme une visite guidée de la ville ou une croisière dans la baie de San Francisco. Si ces combos sont intéressants financièrement, ils sont surtout une excellente option de repli si plus aucun ticket de visite de la prison d'Alcatraz n'est disponible via le canal de distribution "classique".

Il existe 3 tours différents permettant de découvrir la prison et l'île d'Alcatraz :

• Alcatraz Day Tour : il s'agit du tour le plus classique, qui vous amène sur l'île d'Alcatraz en journée pour une visite libre de la prison.
• Alcatraz Night Tour : identique au tour précédent, cette option vous permet de visiter l'île en fin de journée, à la tombée de la nuit, offrant une ambiance particulière à votre visite.
• Alcatraz Behind The Scenes Tour : il s'agit d'une visite guidée et commentée, en petit groupe et donnant accès à des secteurs fermés au public.

Tous les tours incluent une visite libre et audioguidée (11 langues disponibles, dont le français) du bâtiment principal de la prison d'Alcatraz.

Sur l'île, si vous souhaitez compléter votre visite, vous aurez la possibilité de vous inscrire à des visites commentées gratuites. Vous trouverez un panneau listant toutes ces activités en arrivant sur place (le programme change en fonction des bénévoles disponibles). Les thématiques abordées sont très variées et changent tous les jours : portrait d'un des prisonniers, évasions, vie des gardiens et de leur famille...

Alcatraz Day Tour

Alcatraz Day Tour vous permet de découvrir librement l'île d'Alcatraz et sa prison. Le tour inclut la traversée aller/retour en ferry, l'accès à l'île et la visite de la prison avec un audioguide.

Les premiers départs ont lieu le matin vers 9h, puis s'enchainent toutes les heures jusqu'à 16h (14h en hiver).

Si vous le pouvez, optez pour le premier départ, tôt le matin, afin de pouvoir visite la prison sans trop de monde.

Vous pourrez rester autant de temps que vous le souhaitez sur l'île, le tout étant de ne pas rater le dernier ferry pour le retour, qui s'effectue généralement vers 18h (16h en hiver).

Prix : 40$ pour les plus de 12 ans et 25$ pour les enfants.

Alcatraz Night Tour

Comme le tour précédent, Alcatraz Night Tour vous permet de découvrir librement l'île d'Alcatraz et sa prison. La seule différence est que ce tour se déroule en fin de journée, lorsque la nuit commence à tomber, donnant un peu de piment à la visite de la prison.

Ces tours de nuit sont très populaires, d'une part à cause de l'ambiance générale qui se dégage une fois l'île et la prison plongées dans l'obscurité, d'autre part parce que le nombre de personnes est restreint.

Notez que pour des raisons de sécurité, certains secteurs extérieurs accessibles en journée peuvent être fermés lors de ces visites nocturnes. Mais il peut aussi y avoir des pièces normalement fermées qui sont rendues accessibles durant ces tours...

Ce tour n'est proposé que du Jeudi au Lundi.

Le nombre de départs quotidiens est limité : 2 départs en été (entre 18h et 18h30), un seul en hiver (vers 16h). Le retour s'effectue 3 heures plus tard.

Prix : 50$ pour les plus de 12 ans et 30$ pour les enfants.

Alcatraz Behind The Scenes Tour

Alcatraz Behind The Scenes Tour vous permet de découvrir des zones qui sont normalement inaccessibles au public.

Lors de la traversée en ferry, vous aurez d'abord droit à une narration sur l'histoire d'Alcatraz.

Sur l'île, la visite se déroule en 2 parties : la visite audioguidée du bâtiment principal et la visite guidée de bâtiments et secteurs fermés.

Vous commencerez d'abord par la visite guidée, qui se fait en anglais et se déroule en petit groupe (20 personnes maximum). Elle permet de découvrir, en 2 heures environ, des lieux secrets et fascinants de la prison et des histoires passionnantes.

Après cette visite guidée, vous pourrez explorer l'île par vous-même, notamment la découverte du bâtiment principal avec un audioguide.

Attention : cette visite est très éprouvante physiquement. Elle implique de marcher pendant près de 2 heures sur des pentes raides, de monter plusieurs escaliers, de monter éventuellement sur des échelles et de rester debout pendant de longues périodes. D'autre part, pour des raisons de sécurité, les enfants de moins de 12 ans ne sont pas autorisés à participer cette visite.

Le nombre de départs quotidiens est très limité : un seul départ (vers 14h en été, vers midi en hiver). Le retour s'effectue 5 heures plus tard.

Prix : 90$ par personne.

Les ferries pour rejoindre l'île d'Alcatraz partent du Pier 33, au Sud de Fisherman's Wharf.

Les billets sont horodatés. Vous devez donc prendre le ferry qui part à l'heure que vous avez choisie. Prévoyez d'arriver 30 minutes avant afin de ne pas rater le départ.

Que ce soit pour la traversée ou pour la visite de l'île, prévoyez un pull ou un coupe-vent, l'air peut être assez frais au milieu de la baie, l'île étant en plus exposée aux quatre vents.

Concernant le ferry pour le retour pour Alcatraz Day Tour, comme vous pouvez rester autant de temps que vous souhaitez sur l'île, vous pouvez prendre le bateau que vous voulez pour rentrer à San Francisco. Prévoyez tout de même d'arriver 10 à 15 minutes avant le départ, afin d'être assuré d'avoir une place à bord. Les ferries ont un nombre de places limité. Si celui que vous pensiez prendre est plein, vous devrez attendre l'arrivée du prochain ferry pour pouvoir repartir.

Temps de visite

Quelque soit le tour que vous choississez, comptez au moins 3 heures pour visiter l'île et de la prison d'Alcatraz.

À voir, à faire

Prison d'alcatraz.

Pour un visite classique (Day Tour ou Night Tour), une fois débarqué sur l'île d'Alcatraz, vous avez tout le temps devant vous pour visiter les lieux et découvrir la prison d'Alcatraz .

Que cela soit au début ou à la fin de votre visite, ne manquez pas de vous arrêter dans le bâtiment près de la zone de débarquement, pour visionner un court métrage présentant l'histoire d'Alcatraz Island. Ce film gratuit retrace l'histoire de l'île depuis ses débuts jusqu'à certains des projets actuels de restauration.

Du pont de débarquement, suivez le chemin qui grimpe au sommet de la colline pour atteindre le bâtiment principal de la prison : Cellhouse .

Vous pourrez alors commencer la visite autoguidée du bâtiment. Celle-ci dure environ 45 minutes.

La visite permet de suivre un itinéraire prédéterminé, marquant de nombreux arrêts : cellules, cuisine, salle de cantine, couloirs... Vous pourrez écouter les témoignages de gardiens et de prisonniers qui ont passé des années dans cette prison.

À tout moment du parcours, vous pouvez mettre votre lecteur audio en pause, afin de prendre le temps d'observer chaque recoin de la prison.

Les cellules et les différentes pièces sont meublées avec du mobilier et des objets d'époque, et certaines scènes de la vie quotidienne des prisonniers et des gardiens ont été reconstituées.

Vous apprendrez tout sur l'histoire de l'île et sur ses plus célèbres prisonniers, comme Al Capone ou Machine Gun Kelly.

La prison d'Alcatraz était un complexe comprenant plusieurs bâtiments :

• Main Building (Cellhouse), qui accueillait les prisonniers et était divisé en plusieurs blocs.
• Dining Hall, la cantine.
• Building 64, qui servait de logement aux gardiens et à leurs familles.
• Divers autres bâtiments et infrastructures (miradors, phare...).

Les blocs B et C étaient réservés aux détenus ne causant pas de problèmes. Les cellules, individuelles, mesuraient 1.5 sur 2.5 mètres. Elles étaient équipées d'un petit évier, d'un petit lit de camp et de toilettes.

Les cellules du bloc D étaient plus spacieuses, mais restaient les moins populaires. C'est en effet ici que les prisonniers étaient mis à l'isolement.

Les blocs B et C comptaient 336 cellules. Il y avait 36 cellules d'isolement.

Les détenus avaient droit à une visite par mois et chaque visite devait être approuvée par le directeur de la prison. Aucun contact physique n'était autorisé, les détenus s'entretenaient avec les visiteurs par interphone et un gardien écoutait les conversations.

La prison accueillait entre 200 et 300 prisonniers. 300 civils vivaient à Alcatraz, dont les femmes et les enfants des gardiens de la prison. Les principaux lieux de vie des familles étaient le bâtiment 64. Le directeur de la prison vivait dans une grande maison adjacente à la prison.

La visite aborde aussi les nombreuses tentatives d'évasion qui se sont déroulées durant les 30 ans d'activité de la prison.

En tout, la prison d'Alcatraz a connu 14 tentatives d'évasion. Ces tentatives ont concerné 36 prisonniers, et aucune n'a été considérée comme réussie (bien qu'une personne ait réussi à rejoindre San Francisco lors de la dernière tentative, mais elle a été immédiatement rattrapée et renvoyée sur l'île).

Sur ces 36 prisonniers, 2 se sont noyés dans la baie, 6 ont été abattus durant leur tentative, 23 ont été capturés et 5 n'ont jamais été retrouvés. Pendant des années, les responsables de la prison ont déclaré que ces cinq prisonniers avaient dû se noyer, puisque personne n'a plus jamais entendu parler d'eux.

L'évasion la plus célèbre est celle de 1962, immortalisée dans le film "L'évadé d'Alcatraz" de Don Siegel, avec Clint Eastwood, impliquant Frank Morris, John Anglin et Clarence Anglin, qui n'ont jamais été retrouvé.

Une fois cette visite commentée terminée, vous pouvez vous joindre à une visite guidée proposée par les Rangers ou les bénévoles, en fonction du programme de la journée ou partir à la découverte de l'île.

Île d'Alcatraz

Une fois que vous avez terminé la visite audioguidée, vous êtes libre de vous promener dans les zones extérieures ouvertes au public et d'arpenter l'île d'Alcatraz .

Ce sera l'occasion de découvrir d'autres bâtiments et infrastructures de l'île, comme le phare, les miradors ou le château d'eau, et d'avoir de jolies vues sur San Francisco et le Golden Gate Bridge, notamment des points de vue situés au sommet de l'île, autour du bâtiment principal.

L'île dispose de deux petits sentiers balisés : New Industries Building Path , qui sillonne partie Nord de l'île, et Agave Trail , au Sud.

Vous trouverez également deux boutiques de souvenirs sur l'île, proposant une grande sélection de livres, de films et d'autres articles liés à Alcatraz.

Notez qu'il n'y a pas de point de restauration sur l'île. Prévoyez donc un petit encas si nécessaire (attention aux oiseaux, nombreux sur l'île, qui n'hésiteront pas à venir voler votre repas !).

Hébergements

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Hôtels situés à San Francisco sur :

N'oubliez pas de consulter les avis des membres de RoadTrippin.fr pour choisir le bon hôtel !

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Météo

Altitude moyenne : 30 mètres

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Alcatraz City Cruises National Park Service - Alcatraz Island

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Norilsk: The city built by gulag prisoners where Russia guards its Arctic secrets

Environmental activists are frustrated by how authorities handled a diesel spill which poured into two Arctic rivers in late May.

International correspondent @DiMagnaySky

Friday 3 July 2020 23:41, UK

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The drive from Norilsk airport to the city takes you past mile after mile of crumbling, Soviet-era factories.

It looks like an endless, rusting scrapyard - a jumble of pipes, industrial junk and frost-bitten brickwork. If you were looking for an industrial apocalypse film setting, this would be your place - but you're unlikely to get the permissions.

Norilsk was built in Stalin's times by gulag prisoners. This gritty industrial city is a testament to their endurance both of the cruelty of Stalin's regime and of the harsh polar climate. There were no thoughts then on how to build to protect the environment, just to survive it.

Vasily Ryabinin doesn't think much has changed, at least in ecological terms. He used to work for the local branch of the federal environmental watchdog, Rosprirodnadzor, but quit in June after exposing what he says was a failure to investigate properly the environmental impact of the gigantic diesel spill which poured into two Arctic rivers in late May.

At 21,000 tonnes, it was the largest industrial spill in the polar Arctic .

Despite the Kremlin declaring a federal emergency and sending a host of different agencies to participate in the clean-up, just last week Mr Ryabinin and activists from Greenpeace Russia found another area where technical water used in industrial processes was being pumped directly into the tundra from a nearby tailing pond. Russia's investigative committee has promised to investigate.

"The ecological situation here is so bad," Mr Ryabinin says.

"The latest constructions such as the tailing pond at the Talnack ore-processing plant were built exclusively by Nornickel chief executive Vladimir Potanin's team and supposedly in accordance with ecological standards, but on satellite images you can see that all the lakes in the vicinity have unnatural colours and obviously something has got into them."

Mining company Nornickel would disagree. It has admitted flagrant violations at the tailing pond and suspended staff it deems responsible at both the Talnack plant and at Norilsk Heat and Power plant no 3 where the diesel spill originated from.

On Thursday it appointed Andrey Bougrov, from its senior management board, to the newly-created role of senior vice president for environmental protection. It has a clear environmental strategy, provides regular updates on the status of the spill, and its Twitter feed is filled with climate-related alerts.

But what investors read is very different to the picture on the ground.

Norilsk used to be a closed city - one of dozens across the Soviet Union shut off to protect industrial secrets. Foreigners need special permissions approved by the Federal Security Service (FSB) to enter the region. It would take an invitation from Nornickel to make that happen and, for the past month since the spill, that has not been forthcoming.

Unlike in Soviet times, Russian citizens are now free to come and go. That's why our Sky News Moscow team were able to fly in and travel around the city, even if getting to the spill site was blocked. What they were able to film provides a snapshot of the immense challenge Russia faces in upgrading its Soviet-era industrial infrastructure, particularly at a time when climate change is melting the permafrost on which much of it was built.

Just downwind from one of the rusting factories on the city outskirts is a huge expanse of dead land. The skeletal remains of trees stand forlorn against the howling Arctic winds. Sulphur dioxide poisoning has snuffed the life out of all that lived here. Norilsk is the world's worst emitter of sulphur dioxide by a substantial margin.

"For 80km south of here everything is dead," Mr Ryabinin says, "and for at least 10km in that direction too. Everything here depends on the wind."

Immediately after the spill, Mr Ryabinin filmed and took samples from the Daldykan river just a few kilometres from the fuel tank which had leaked. By that point the river was a churning mix of diesel and red sludge dredged up from the riverbed by the force of the leak. Norilsk's rivers have turned red before and the chemical residues have sunk to the bottom, killing all life there. Nothing has lived in those rivers for decades.

In his capacity as deputy head of the local environmental watchdog, Mr Ryabinin says he insisted that he be allowed to fly further north to check the levels of contamination in Lake Pyasino and beyond.

Nornickel at the time claimed the lake was untouched by the spill. Mr Ryabinin says his boss encouraged him to let things be.

"I can't be sure I would have found anything, but this sort of confrontation - making sure I didn't go there with a camera, let alone with bottles for taking samples, it was all very clear to me. It was the final straw."

Rosprirodnadzor refused to comment to Sky News on Mr Ryabinin's allegations or suggestions that the agency was working hand in hand with Nornickel.

Georgy Kavanosyan is an environmental blogger with a healthy 37,000 following on YouTube. Shortly after the spill, he set out for Lake Pyasino and to the Pyasina River beyond to see how far the diesel had spread.

"We set out at night so that the Norilsk Nickel security wouldn't detect us. I say at night, but they've got polar nights there now, north of the Arctic Circle. So it's still light but it's quieter and we managed to go past all the cordons."

He is one of the few to have provided evidence that the diesel has in fact travelled far beyond where the company admits. Not just the 1,200km (745m) length of Lake Pyasino but into the river beyond.

He says his measurements indicated a volume of hydrocarbons dissolved in the water of between two and three times normal levels. He thinks after he published his findings on YouTube, the authorities' vigilance increased.

Greenpeace Russia have spent the last two weeks trying to obtain samples from Lake Pyasino and the surrounding area. They have faced difficulties getting around and flying their samples out for independent analysis.

They are now waiting for results from a laboratory in St Petersburg but say the samples remain valid technically for just four days after collection and that they weren't able to make that deadline due to the authorities' actively obstructing their work.

Elena Sakirko from Greenpeace Russia specialises in oil spills and says this has happened to her before. This time, a police helicopter flew to the hunter's hut where they were staying and confiscated the fuel for the boat they were using. Then a deputy for the Moscow city parliament tasked with bringing the samples back from Norilsk was forced to go back empty-handed.

"We were told at the airport we needed permission from the security department of Nornickel," Ms Sakirko says. "We asked them to show us some law or statement to prove that this was legal or what the basis for this was, but they haven't showed us anything and we still don't understand it."

Nornickel announced this week that the critical stage of the diesel spill is over. The company is now finalising dates for a press tour for foreign media and for other international environmentalists.

Mr Ryabinin thinks this should have happened weeks ago.

"If we don't let scientists come to the Arctic region to evaluate the impact of the accident, then in the future if anything similar happens, we won't know what to do."

A spokesperson for Nornickel said the company "is actively cooperating with the scientific community and will meticulously assess both the causes and effects of the accident."

Nornickel considers permafrost thawing to be the primary cause of the accident, but is waiting for the end of investigation before making a final statement, the spokesperson said.

They added that the company "accepts full responsibility for the incidents on its sites these past two months and holds itself accountable for any infrastructural deficits or poor decisions by personnel.

"The imperative is to do everything to clean up our sites, instil a stronger culture of transparency and safety in our workforce, and ensure that such situations do not occur in the future."

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