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Visiting Erta Ale volcano: the ‘hike to hell and back’

Erta Ale in Ethiopia is one of the most active volcanoes in the world and looms above a deadly desert. We ask if it’s worth the risk

The 4×4 steams across the desert, lurching over rocks and cracks. Sand whips against the window, almost liquid in its motion. Immediately behind me sits our military escort: two men with automatic rifles slung casually across their laps.

I hate to say it, but there is a distinct sense of lawlessness in the air. I hate to because this is Africa and, for centuries, westerners have come to the continent to gather tales of risk and adventure for recounting at dinner parties over and cheese and wine.

I don’t want to be that guy , but it’s true: here, in the Danakil Depression in the Afar Region of Ethiopia , it really does feel like anything could happen.

The sense of risk is not just hyperbole. In 2012, an attack by Afar rebels left five tourists dead and four people kidnapped, and deadly incidents  continue today. As a result, tourists are forbidden in the area without a military escort.

Our escort consists of two men, both stoic and unsmiling. As we drive, our guide gives us gas masks for later. I glance at Peter and know he’s wondering the same thing as I: what on earth are we doing here?

To explain, we have to rewind to earlier this year when we idly put together our list of the countries we most want to see . In my top five was Ethiopia with Erta Ale the primary reason why I wanted to visit. Several months later and here we are, hurtling towards one of the most active volcanoes in the world to embark on what’s been described as the hike to hell and back.

The Danakil Depression is one of the hottest , lowest and driest places on Earth. It’s so extreme that life has been found in pure acid  here. Temperatures regularly reach 45°C (113°F) and seas of molten magma ooze just beneath the crust’s surface. Sensibly, the hike to Erta Ale starts after dark to avoid the suffocating heat of the day.

We set off at 6pm just as the edges of the sky begin to darken. Our guide, Haftu, is brisk and agile, hopping across hulking rocks in the fast-falling darkness. My torch is weak and I have to stay intensely focused on each step to stop myself from stumbling.

The pace is faster than is comfortable, but after years of practice as Peter’s weaker hiking partner , I’m well used to venturing outside my comfort zone. We trudge on, bookended by Haftu at the front and our man with a gun behind. At one point, I catch the latter’s laboured breathing and am comforted that it’s not only I who is struggling.

The hike up to the crater camp is three hours on average; we do it in two and a half. As we approach the devil glow of the volcano, I feel a sharp tang of excitement. This. This is adventure.

We pause briefly at camp. The heat isn’t as oppressive as I had feared and the ‘hike to hell’ was less hard than, say, hiking Matavanu Crater in Samoa, which had me in tears by the end.

We soldier on and carefully navigate the last 15 minutes to the edge of Erta Ale. There, in all its glory, lies the world’s longest-existing lava lake. It is everything I envisioned: livid, fearsome, incandescent. The lava blisters and explodes, making us yawp in wonder.

Erta Ale is not our first trek to a volcano , but it’s extraordinary in a different way. Less explosive but more expansive. The lava is not concentrated in a single vent; it oozes, flows and erupts across a vast amount of space.

We spend an age watching it, filming it, committing it indelibly to memory. This is and has to be one of the best experiences of our lives.

After an hour, Erta Ale smokes over – appropriate given its name: “smoking mountain” in the local Afar language. Satisfied that the risk, effort and expense of reaching the rim paid off, we pack up our equipment and head back to camp.

There, we collapse on our mattresses, which sit side by side in a stone Afar hut. As I lie there in the heat and wind, I consider the ‘Shafia Test’. Named after my youngest sister, it asks ‘Would I recommend this to Shafia?’ and therefore ‘Would I recommend this to our readers?’

The risk of visiting Erta Ale is real and tangible, but the most challenging thing I found was the lack of infrastructure. There is no commode at camp (here or the next night), there is no running water, no rubbish bins. I spotted a rat in our hut and the surrounding area is littered with plastic bottles and toilet paper, which can’t be buried in the hardened lava and so floats around if tourists don’t take it back down. With this in mind, would I recommend a visit to Erta Ale?

Honestly? Yes.

Knowing what I know, knowing that a deadly incident took place mere days after our visit, I would visit again and therefore must conclude that it was worth the risk and effort. Visiting Erta Ale is challenging, but it’s also thrilling, enchanting and life affirming.

I’ve considered before the pros and cons of risky travel and concluded that we should explore as much as our nerve allows. This, ladies and gentlemen, this is adventure.

Visiting Erta Ale: the essentials

What: Visiting Erta Ale as part of a 2-night, 3-day tour of the Danakil Depression in Ethiopia.

Where: Our tour of the Danakil Depression was bookended by a stay at Wukro Lodge in the town of Wukro . This cozy eco lodge uses solar power and boasts traditional decor and excellent views over the surrounding hills. There is free wifi in public areas, an onsite bar and restaurant and, at the time of writing, a pool under construction.

The accommodation on the Danakil Depression tour itself is extremely basic. At Erta Ale (first night), we camped on thin mattresses in a stone hut. On the second night, we slept under the stars on makeshift wooden beds.

We recommend packing your own sleeping bag. While the area is known for soaring temperatures, the nights do get windy. Note that there is no commode, so you must be comfortable walking out a way to answer nature’s call.

When: The best time to visit Erta Ale is between October to February when its soaring temperatures are most tolerable.

How: We visited Erta Ale with Smiling Ethiopia who come recommended in Lonely Planet Ethiopia . The two of us were accompanied by one English-speaking guide, two drivers, two cooks and a two-party military escort, transported via two 4×4 vehicles.

The tour was well organised and as comfortable as could be given the lack of underlying infrastructure in the area. (We recommend packing a bright head torch, sleeping bag, tissue/wet wipes and antibacterial gel.) Our 4x4s were sturdy and strong, and we ate extremely well thanks to our talented chef, Yidnak, and his assistant.

We paid $300 USD per person for a 2-night, 3-day tour taking in Erta Ale, Dallol and the salt flats of Lake Asale. It’s pricey but well worth the money. An extended 3-night, 4-day tour is priced at $400 per person. Book via Mulugeta Gebrehiwot: smilingethiopiatravel.com , [email protected] , (251-1) 150694.

Skybus and Selam operate comfortable buses between Addis Ababa and Mekele, the jumping-off point for Danakil tours. If you opt for Wukro Lodge , you can take a local bus to Wukro from Mekele bus station (15 ETB / 0.5 USD per person; 48km) and then a tuk tuk to the base. The lodge is a five-minute trudge uphill.

Domestic flights are the quickest way to travel in Ethiopia (check latest routes here ). It’s far cheaper to book flights at an Ethiopian Airlines office in the country. Be sure to mention if you flew with them internationally as you will be eligible for a substantial discount.

Addis Ababa is the country’s primary international airport. Book international flights via skyscanner.net .

Enjoyed this post? pin it for later…

Lonely Planet Ethiopia is a comprehensive guide to the country, ideal for those who want to both explore the top sights and take the road less travelled. If you prefer to travel in a tour, we recommend G Adventures and their small group Ethiopia tours .

Lead image: Atlas & Boots

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• Travel Guide

Visiting Erta Ale Volcano: The ‘hike To Hell And Back’

Published: October 8, 2023

Modified: December 27, 2023

by Cass Magallanes

• Plan Your Trip
• Travel Tips

Introduction

Welcome adventure seekers! Are you ready to embark on a journey to one of the most extraordinary volcanic formations on the planet? Strap on your hiking boots and get ready to experience the thrilling adventure of visiting the Erta Ale volcano. Located in the remote Afar region of Ethiopia, this active volcano offers a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to witness nature’s fiery power up close.

The Erta Ale volcano, also known as the “Smoking Mountain,” is renowned for its unique lava lake, making it one of the few in the world where you can witness an active volcanic eruption. This natural wonder has captured the imaginations of explorers and adventurers for centuries.

But be warned, this is not your average hiking trip. The hike to Erta Ale is not for the faint of heart. It is a challenging adventure that will test your physical endurance and mental fortitude. From harsh desert landscapes to treacherous lava flows, this journey will push you to your limits. However, the reward of standing at the edge of this awe-inspiring volcanic marvel is worth every step.

Are you ready to plan your expedition to Erta Ale? In this article, we will guide you through the process of preparing for the hike, share our experience of the journey, highlight the unique challenges and dangers you may encounter, and divulge the one-of-a-kind experiences you can expect within the volcano itself.

So, grab your map, pack your essentials, and join us as we take you on a virtual tour of the hike to hell and back in the mesmerizing world of Erta Ale volcano.

Background on Erta Ale Volcano

Nestled in the desolate reaches of the Afar Depression in northeastern Ethiopia, the Erta Ale volcano is like something out of a science fiction movie. This shield volcano stands approximately 613 meters high and is one of the most active volcanoes in the world. Its name, translated as “smoking mountain” in the local Afar language, perfectly captures its volatile nature.

Erta Ale is renowned for its unique feature – a mesmerizing lava lake. This lake, situated within the volcano’s elongated summit crater, is a rare phenomenon that draws adventurers from around the globe. The constantly shifting and bubbling lava lake offers a captivating display of nature’s raw power.

The volcano has a long history of eruptions. Over the past century, Erta Ale has erupted multiple times, with the most recent eruption occurring in January 2021. These eruptions have attracted scientists, geologists, and thrill-seekers alike, all eager to witness and study the volcano’s activity.

Geologically, Erta Ale sits on the East African Rift, a tectonic fault line where the African continent is slowly splitting apart. The combination of this geological activity and the presence of a magma source beneath the volcano creates the perfect conditions for regular volcanic eruptions.

From a cultural perspective, Erta Ale holds deep significance for the indigenous Afar people. They consider the volcano to be a sacred site, often incorporating it into their mythology and religious practices. The Afar people have a deep respect for the volcano’s power and continue to live in harmony with its unpredictable nature.

Despite its remote location and challenging conditions, Erta Ale has become a must-visit destination for adventure enthusiasts and photographers seeking extraordinary landscapes and unique experiences. The allure of witnessing an active volcano up close, with molten lava roiling and glowing, is an experience that stays etched in the memory forever.

Now that you have a better understanding of the background and significance of the Erta Ale volcano, it’s time to delve into the preparation required for the unforgettable journey to this mesmerizing natural wonder.

Preparing for the Hike

A successful expedition to the Erta Ale volcano requires careful planning and preparation. The journey to this remote location is not for the faint of heart, so it’s essential to be well-prepared to ensure your safety and enjoyment. Here are some key factors to consider when preparing for the hike:

Physical Fitness: The hike to Erta Ale is physically demanding and requires a good level of fitness. It involves long hours of walking over rough terrain and ascending steep slopes. Engaging in regular cardiovascular and strength training exercises prior to the hike can help improve endurance and prepare your body for the challenges ahead.

Acclimatization: The Erta Ale volcano sits at an elevation of around 613 meters, and the surrounding area can experience extreme temperatures. It’s vital to acclimatize your body to these conditions to minimize the risk of altitude sickness or heat-related illnesses. Spending a few days in the nearby town of Mekele before the hike can help your body adjust to the local climate.

Essential Gear: Proper equipment is crucial for a safe and comfortable hike. Some essential items to pack include sturdy hiking boots, lightweight and breathable clothing, a hat, sunglasses, sunscreen, a headlamp for nighttime exploration, a first-aid kit, and a backpack to carry your supplies. Additionally, a good camera and tripod will come in handy to capture the incredible sights along the way.

Water and Food: It’s crucial to stay hydrated during the hike, as the Afar region is known for its scorching temperatures. Carry an ample supply of water and electrolytes, as well as high-energy snacks to keep you fueled throughout the journey. It’s recommended to bring lightweight and nutritious food options that won’t spoil easily.

Local Guides and Permits: Navigating through the arid landscape and volcanic terrain of Erta Ale can be challenging without local knowledge. Hiring an experienced local guide is highly recommended for both safety and logistical reasons. Additionally, it’s important to obtain the necessary permits and permissions from the local authorities before embarking on the hike.

Safety Considerations: The Erta Ale volcano is an active volcanic site, and there are inherent risks involved in visiting such a location. It’s essential to be aware of the potential dangers and heed the instructions of your guide. Avoid straying from designated paths, be cautious around the lava lake, and follow all safety guidelines to minimize the risk of accidents.

By considering these important factors and adequately preparing for the hike, you’ll be better equipped to tackle the challenges and fully enjoy the awe-inspiring experience of venturing into the heart of the Erta Ale volcano. Now, let’s begin our adventure as we embark on the first day of the journey.

Day 1: Starting the Journey

Excitement fills the air as you set foot in the town of Mekele, your starting point for the Erta Ale volcano expedition. After a refreshing night’s rest and final gear checks, you gather with your expert local guide and fellow adventurers. The day has finally dawned for the start of this epic journey.

As the convoy of vehicles ventures into the vast desert, the rugged landscape gradually reveals its true nature. The dry and arid surroundings paint a picture of desolation, accentuating the remoteness and untouched beauty of the Afar region. With each passing kilometer, anticipation builds, knowing that you are drawing closer to the majestic Erta Ale volcano.

After a few hours of driving through dusty tracks and navigating challenging terrain, the vehicles come to a halt. It’s time to switch from four wheels to two feet as you begin the trek towards base camp. The barren landscape stretches before you, with occasional pockets of shrubs and small wildlife providing a glimpse of life in this unforgiving environment.

The trek to the base camp takes several hours, but the sense of adventure keeps you going. Your guide leads the way, expertly navigating through the rocky terrain while sharing fascinating insights about the surrounding geology and the ever-elusive volcano you strive to reach. The camaraderie among the group grows as stories and laughter fill the air, distracting from the physical demands of the hike.

As the sun starts to set, you catch your first glimpse of the smoking mountain in the distance. Its silhouette against the fiery sky creates an otherworldly ambiance, fueling your determination to continue the journey. With renewed energy, you press onward, eagerly anticipating what lies ahead.

Finally, the moment arrives when you reach the base camp, nestled at the foothills of the Erta Ale volcano. Tents are set up, and a warm meal awaits, providing a brief respite before the next phase of the adventure. As night falls and darkness envelopes the camp, a sense of anticipation fills the air. The glowing lava lake awaits, ready to reveal its captivating dance of fire and molten rock.

But the journey has only just begun. Day 2 will bring new challenges and wonders as you continue your ascent towards the summit of the Erta Ale volcano. So, gather around the campfire, share stories with fellow adventurers, and rest well, for tomorrow holds the promise of witnessing the extraordinary power of the Earth.

Day 2: Continuation of the Hike

The sun rises on the second day of your epic Erta Ale volcano adventure, casting a warm glow over the base camp. You eagerly prepare yourself for another day of exploration and discovery, knowing that today will bring you closer to the captivating lava lake at the summit.

With your backpacks securely fastened and spirits high, you begin the ascent towards the summit of the volcano. The path ahead is challenging, with steep inclines and uneven volcanic terrain, requiring careful navigation and sturdy footing. As you climb higher, the panoramic views of the Afar region unveil its unforgiving beauty, and you can’t help but marvel at the vastness of the landscape.

Your guide leads the way with unwavering confidence, sharing captivating tales and geological insights about the volcanic formation as you make progress. Along the way, you encounter remnants of previous eruptions, such as solidified lava flows and volcanic debris, serving as a testament to the power and intensity of Erta Ale.

As you approach the summit, you can sense the growing excitement among your fellow adventurers. The anticipation reaches its peak as you catch your first glimpse of the glowing cauldron that is the lava lake. The sight leaves you in awe as you witness nature’s elemental forces in action, with molten lava swirling and splashing, casting an otherworldly palette of fiery reds and oranges.

Guided by your experienced local guide, you carefully approach the edge of the volcano’s crater, ensuring your safety while allowing you to have an unobstructed view of the mesmerizing lava lake below. The intense heat emanating from the crater serves as a reminder of the raw power contained within this geological wonder.

As daylight fades into twilight, the spectacle intensifies. The contrast between the darkness of the surroundings and the vibrant glow of the lava creates a surreal atmosphere. The mesmerizing dance of the glowing lava against the black backdrop of the night sky offers a truly unforgettable experience for all your senses.

With cameras clicking and hearts filled with wonder, you take in the sight as the lava lake continues its rhythmic and hypnotic performance. The experience is nothing short of magical, allowing you a glimpse into the captivating and ever-changing world of volcanic activity.

As you descend back to the base camp, the memories of the lava lake’s fiery display linger in your mind, leaving an indelible imprint on your journey. The day has been filled with adventure and moments of pure awe, solidifying the Erta Ale volcano hike as a truly remarkable and unique experience.

But the journey is not yet over. Day 3 awaits, promising further exploration within the volcano’s fascinating terrain and the chance to delve deeper into its enigmatic nature. So, rest well, and get ready for another extraordinary day of discovering the secrets of Erta Ale.

Day 3: Reaching the Summit

As the sun rises on day three of your Erta Ale volcano expedition, anticipation fills the air. Today, you are determined to conquer the final ascent and stand at the summit of this awe-inspiring natural wonder.

Setting off from the base camp, your group embarks on the challenging climb towards the summit. The path becomes steeper and more rugged, demanding every ounce of your physical strength and mental determination. But the thrill of nearing the summit keeps you motivated, pushing through the fatigue.

The landscape transforms as you ascend, revealing the true magnitude of the volcanic formation. Jagged rocks and hardened lava flows surround you, serving as a constant reminder of the volcanic power that lies beneath your feet.

Step by step, you inch closer to the summit, fueled by the camaraderie and support of your fellow adventurers. Sweat beads on your forehead, but a sense of exhilaration replaces any feelings of exhaustion as you realize that you are about to reach the pinnacle of your journey.

Finally, after hours of challenging ascent, you reach the summit of the Erta Ale volcano. The feeling of accomplishment washes over you as you take in the breathtaking panoramic view spread before your eyes. The endless expanse of the Afar region stretches out, with vast desert plains and volcanic formations as far as the eye can see.

But it’s the sight that lies within the volcano’s summit crater that truly captivates you. The lava lake, a cauldron of molten rock, continues its mesmerizing display. Its ever-changing shapes and colors, the intense heat that radiates from its core, all serve as a reminder of the raw power and beauty of nature.

You find a quiet spot to sit and absorb the awe-inspiring surroundings. The humbling realization of being in the presence of such natural grandeur fills you with a sense of reverence and appreciation for Earth’s forces.

As the day progresses and the sun retreats beyond the horizon, the lava lake’s fiery glow becomes even more pronounced. The contrast of the darkened sky against the vibrant hues of the lava creates an ethereal atmosphere, reminiscent of a painting come to life.

With the memories and emotions of this incredible moment etched into your being, you reluctantly begin the descent back to the base camp. The journey down is tempered with a sense of fulfillment and satisfaction, knowing that you have conquered the summit of the Erta Ale volcano and witnessed its awe-inspiring beauty firsthand.

The summit may mark the pinnacle of your Erta Ale adventure, but the memories and lessons gleaned from this extraordinary experience will stay with you forever. As you bid farewell to the volcano on your final day, take a moment to reflect on the transformative journey you have undertaken and how it has stoked the flames of your adventurous spirit.

As you head back to Mekele, carry with you the knowledge that you have had the privilege of standing in the presence of a true natural wonder and the reminder that our planet holds boundless surprises for those willing to venture into the unknown.

Day 4: Descending Back to Base Camp

With a mix of bittersweet emotions, you wake on the fourth and final day of your Erta Ale volcano expedition. It’s time to bid farewell to the summit and begin the journey back to base camp and ultimately, civilization.

The descent from the summit is a stark contrast to the challenging ascent. The adrenaline and exhilaration of reaching the peak have subsided, giving way to a sense of reflection and nostalgia. As you traverse the rugged volcanic terrain, you can’t help but pause occasionally to take one last look at the breathtaking vista that stretches before you.

Descending through the rugged landscape, you pass by familiar landmarks and geological formations encountered during the ascent. The familiarity brings a sense of comfort and nostalgia, as you realize just how far you’ve come since the journey began.

The camaraderie among your fellow adventurers remains strong as you share stories and laughter along the way. Every step serves as a reminder of the challenges overcome and the indelible bond that has formed among the group as you faced the awe-inspiring and formidable forces of nature together.

As you near the base camp, a mixture of satisfaction and melancholy settles in. The realization that your Erta Ale volcano adventure is coming to a close tugs at your heartstrings. But the memories and experiences gathered over the past few days will be cherished forever.

Arriving back at the base camp, you take a moment to reflect on the transformation that has occurred within you. The physical and mental challenges you faced, the moments of pure awe and wonder, and the bonds forged with your fellow adventurers have left an indelible mark on your journey.

As you bid farewell to the base camp, you carry with you the lessons and memories of the Erta Ale volcano. The experience has taught you resilience, the value of camaraderie, and the immense power and beauty of nature.

The journey back to Mekele may be filled with tired bones and weary muscles, but your spirit is rejuvenated. The memory of the fiery lava lake, the vastness of the Afar region, and the sense of accomplishment gained from conquering an active volcano will remain with you for a lifetime.

As the town of Mekele comes into sight, you can’t help but feel a sense of awe and gratitude. Gratitude for the opportunity to have experienced nature’s wonders up close and personal, and awe for the immense beauty and power that this world possesses.

Although your Erta Ale adventure has come to an end, it has ignited a spark within you to seek out new adventures, explore unfamiliar territories, and embrace the untamed and unpredictable beauty of our planet.

So, as you bid farewell to the Erta Ale volcano, carry the memories and lessons learned with you on future journeys. Let your experiences inspire you to continue exploring, discovering, and embracing the wonders that await you beyond every horizon.

Challenges and Dangers Faced During the Hike

The hike to the Erta Ale volcano is a thrilling adventure, but it is not without its challenges and risks. The following are some of the challenges and dangers you may encounter during the journey:

Treacherous and Volcanic Terrain: The path to the summit of Erta Ale is characterized by rugged and uneven volcanic terrain. The hike involves navigating through sharp rocks, loose gravel, and hardened lava flows. It requires careful footing and balance to navigate safely.

Extreme Weather Conditions: The Afar region is known for its harsh and extreme weather conditions. Temperatures can soar to unbearable levels during the day, making it crucial to stay hydrated and protect yourself from the scorching sun. Conversely, the nights can be chilly, so it’s important to pack appropriate clothing for fluctuating temperatures.

Altitude and Heat: The elevation of the Erta Ale volcano, combined with the arid desert environment, poses challenges to hikers. Altitude sickness and heat exhaustion are potential risks, so proper acclimatization, hydration, and rest breaks are essential to mitigate these dangers.

Limited Services and Facilities: The region surrounding Erta Ale is remote and lacks basic amenities and services. Accommodations are basic, and you will need to rely on your own supplies, such as food, water, and first-aid supplies. It is important to be self-sufficient and come prepared with all necessary provisions.

Volcanic Activity: Erta Ale is an active volcano, and there is always a risk of eruptions or sudden changes in volcanic activity. Although volcanic activity can add to the allure of the hike, it also presents potential dangers. It is crucial to keep a safe distance from the lava lake and heed the instructions of your experienced guide.

Navigation in Remote Areas: The path to Erta Ale is not well-defined, and navigation can be challenging, particularly in the absence of marked trails. It is highly recommended to hire a knowledgeable local guide who can navigate the region and ensure your safety throughout the journey.

Physical and Mental Endurance: The hike to Erta Ale demands a good level of physical fitness and mental fortitude. The long hours of walking, steep climbs, and harsh environmental conditions can be physically and mentally taxing. Building stamina and maintaining a positive mindset are crucial to overcome these challenges.

By being aware of these challenges and dangers and taking appropriate precautions, you can mitigate risks and ensure a safe and rewarding experience on your Erta Ale volcano hike. Remember to prioritize your safety, listen to your guides, and be prepared for the unpredictable nature of this magnificent volcanic wonder.

Unique Experiences Within the Volcano

Visiting the Erta Ale volcano offers not only a breathtaking adventure but also a chance to witness unique experiences found nowhere else on Earth. As you venture into the heart of this mesmerizing volcano, be prepared to be amazed by the following unique encounters:

Glowing Lava Lake: The undoubted highlight of the Erta Ale volcano is the mesmerizing lava lake nestled within its summit crater. Witnessing the glowing lava up close is a truly awe-inspiring experience. The ever-changing shapes and colors of the molten rock create a dynamic display that captivates all your senses. The crackling and hissing sounds, along with the intense heat emanating from the lake, add to the otherworldly ambiance.

Nighttime Illumination: As darkness descends upon the volcano, the impact of the lava lake’s glow intensifies. The contrast between the enveloping darkness and the vibrant hues of the lava creates a surreal and magical atmosphere. With the starry sky as the backdrop, the illuminated crater becomes a spectacle that is truly out of this world.

Exploring Volcanic Crater: Standing at the edge of the crater, you are granted a unique opportunity to peer into the depths of an active volcano. The raw power and energy contained within the molten lava lake are both humbling and awe-inspiring. From the sound of bubbling lava to the smell of sulfur in the air, every moment spent within the crater leaves an indelible impression.

Venturing into Alien-Like Landscapes: The journey to Erta Ale takes you through an otherworldly landscape that resembles a science-fiction movie set. The desolate and barren desert plains, jagged volcanic rocks, and surreal lava flows create an atmosphere that transports you to another time and place. The feeling of being in an alien-like environment adds to the sense of adventure and discovery.

Witnessing Volcanic Activity: If you’re lucky, you might get to witness firsthand volcanic activity beyond the lava lake itself. Erta Ale has a history of eruptions, and there is always the possibility of witnessing volcanic ash plumes, steam vents, or even minor eruptions. The sight of a volcanic eruption is a rare and mesmerizing spectacle that few people get to experience.

Stargazing in the Desert: The remote location of Erta Ale also offers unmatched stargazing opportunities. Far away from light pollution, the night sky becomes a canvas of a thousand twinkling stars. Gazing up at the celestial wonders above while being surrounded by the volcanic landscape adds a sense of tranquility and connection to the vastness of the universe.

These unique experiences within the Erta Ale volcano create memories that will last a lifetime. They provide a glimpse into the raw power, beauty, and mystery of our planet’s geological wonders. The adventure and wonder of exploring this extraordinary volcano are sure to leave a lasting impression on all those lucky enough to embark on the journey.

The journey to the Erta Ale volcano is a true adventure of a lifetime. From the moment you set foot on the rugged terrain of the Afar region to witnessing the mesmerizing lava lake at the summit, every step of the hike is filled with wonder and awe. The challenges faced along the way only serve to enhance the sense of accomplishment and appreciation for the natural forces that shape our planet.

Standing at the edge of the lava lake, feeling the heat on your skin and witnessing the ever-changing dance of molten rock, leaves an indelible mark on your soul. It’s a reminder of the power and beauty that our world holds, and the fleeting nature of the moments we are lucky enough to witness.

The journey to Erta Ale is not just about reaching the summit; it’s about the transformation that occurs within you. It’s about overcoming physical and mental barriers, connecting with nature in its rawest form, and forging lasting bonds with fellow adventurers who share the same thirst for exploration.

As you bid adieu to the Erta Ale volcano, carry the memories and lessons learned with you. Cherish the moments of awe and wonder, the unique experiences within the volcano’s confines, and the challenges faced and conquered. Let the spirit of adventure guide you as you continue to explore the world, seeking out remarkable destinations and embracing the unknown.

Remember, the Erta Ale volcano will forever hold a special place in your heart, reminding you of the power, beauty, and resilience of our planet. Let it ignite a fire within you to protect and appreciate the natural wonders that exist globally, and serve as a catalyst for environmentally conscious living.

Whether you embark on future journeys or simply share your stories with others, let the Erta Ale volcano be a constant source of inspiration and awe. As you reflect back on your adventure, may it remind you that the world is filled with hidden treasures and extraordinary experiences for those who dare to seek them.

So, embrace your inner adventurer, step outside your comfort zone, and open your heart and mind to the wonders of the world. The Erta Ale volcano is just the beginning of a lifetime of discovery and exploration that awaits you.

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Erta Ale, Ethiopia – Looking Into the Bowel of the Earth

Danakil Depression, Ethiopia

There aren’t that many places in the world where you can look down into an active lava lake, but one of them belongs to Erta Ale , Ethiopia’s active volcano found in the country’s remote corner called the Danakil. A visit to Erta Ale – and to the Danakil Depression in general – was the highlight of my time in Ethiopia . Looking into the surface of an active lava lake was like staring at the surface of the sun – it was mesmerizing and terrifying at the same time. It was such an incredible experience and the memory of it is something that would stay with me for a very long time.

RELATED Tips for Visiting Ethiopia Tips for Visiting Danakil Depression How Things Went Wrong in Ethiopia

How to Get to Erta Ale

Practical info on Erta Ale

• It’s the world’s only permanent lava lake and can be found in Danakil Depression located near Ethiopia-Eritrea border. See this amazing place in pictures.
• How to visit: Erta Ale can only be visited on 4×4 jeep. Armed guards and local Afar guides are required because of the nature of the area. Coming here as part of an organized tour to Danakil would be the easiest.
• The tour agency we went to Danakil with was Ethiopia Travel and Tour ([email protected]) and the cost was $550 for 4-day excursion.
• Important! Bring a strong headlamp and a scarf.
• The 3 hour hike to the summit of Erta Ale is an easy hike made harder because it’s done in the dark.
• You’ll sleep at the summit in bare huts on mattresses before hiking back down the following morning.
• To see how it’s like to travel in Ethiopia, I wrote a post on tips for visiting Ethiopia .

Erta Ale at Night, Imagine the scene

It was 10 o’clock at night. Ten people were walking in the dark across the crater towards a smoking, red-glowing pit. Occasional headlights lighted the path they were on. Or lack of path. Shouts were heard when feet went through the fragile dried lava sheets, unable to the bear the weight of their owner. Further steps were taken with more caution than before, testing the ground before each step.

Coughing, yells of pain were heard before they barely reached the pit. When the smoke from the pit blew towards the group of people, their eyes watered, their throats itched, and their noses burned.

I had half a mind to turn around at this time. The sting on the eyes was too much, but what kept me going forward was the chorus of wonderment, of “Holy shit!” “Oh my god!” from those who already reached the pit.

I scrambled to follow, fighting the acrid smoke, and what I saw took my breath away. It was like staring at the surface of the sun, it was like the eye of Sauron itself…

Having a hard time believing what I’m seeing.

It was alive…

The surface of the 60×100 m pool of lava seems to be alive. Bubbling in spots, the black crust was cracking and sinking in some areas, forming in others. The color where it’s the hottest, this bright yellow so intense that it’s almost white, was mesmerizing.

When the wind was blowing in our direction we would feel the intense heat and the acrid smell of sulfur that forced us to look away from the incredible sight below us.

I love how on the following video you could hear how we were all reduced into cursing – because what else can you do when something this amazing presents itself?

If you make it to Ethiopia, do yourself a favor and make sure to visit Erta Ale. You won’t regret it. I feel inadequate to describe this experience in words, but I remember feeling that it was one of those times I’m reminded how lucky I am to be alive and to be a witness to the spectacle in front of me.

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14 comments.

[…] Jack and Jill Travel who kindly shared some photos to show me what I was missing, now that is the Erte Ale volcano vision I wanted. She describes her […]

Holy crap, that's the coolest (or hottest?) thing I have ever seen!!! There's a cave dramatically called the "Chasm of Hell" in Turkey, but I think this lake deserves that name instead!

[…] Aaron. “Oh my God! Look at these cave dwellings in Turkey!” “Wow! Check out this awesome place in Ethiopia!” “Hey! These people travelled for a year for less than $25,000. It’s not […]

That is phenomenal!

Wowowow amazing photo! Another reason that Ethiopia is way high up on my travel list. Never even heard of this volcano before, thanks for sharing 😀

This is possibly the most epic thing I've seen in a while. Had no idea it even existed in Ethiopia, I'd love to see it with my real eyes.

Crazy!! It must've been an incredible experience. I would never expect to see something like this in Ethiopia.

Really, truly remarkable!

Incredible!

This is going to sound ignorant but I had no idea there were even volcanoes in Ethiopia!

Holy guacamole, that is an aptly titled post! Thanks for sharing your extraordinary experience, and the practical tips are most appreciated.

Okay, the cursing was pretty mild compared to what I am sure I would have yelled! Hope that experience made all the bed bugs worth it… 🙂

Wow! That looks like an incredible experience guys. Never heard of this volcano before.

Wow… that doesn't even seem real. What a cool experience!

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Visiting the Erta Ale and The Dallol Volcano

The Dallol volcano and Erta Ale are both found in the Danakil depression, one of the hottest places on earth, with temperatures often exceeding 45 degrees celsius. The Danakil depression sits 125 meters below sea level and is inhabited by a small population of Afar people who engage in salt mining. They have named the area ‘the gateway to hell’. 

Dallol is a place full of salt mines and a landscape awash with different colors that make you feel like you are in a watercolor painting while hiking Erta Ale lets you stare into the depths of the earth so see ever-flowing magma. If you are up for roughing it a bit, this is a truly mind-blowing trip that will put you in parts of the planet you wouldn’t have imagined or thought existed.

In the heart of the Danakil depression lies Dallol. Dallol sits at 116m below sea level and is part of the East African Rift, where three continental plates are being torn apart. Dallol is a cinder cone volcano and was formed by a phreatic eruption (a steam and rock eruption with no lava) in 1926 and around Dallol you will see other craters that have been formed in the same process.

Dallol is a maze of mind-altering color which is created by the mixture of rain and seawater from the nearby coastline and that is then heated by magma. The salt from the seawater reacts with all the volcanic minerals in the magma and makes all the luminescent colors you can see. The salt and sulfur react together to create bright yellow chimneys in the hottest pools. The cooler pools are a bright and deep turquoise color thanks to the copper salts’ reactions.

Erta Ale literally means smoking mountain in Amharic and it is just that. It is a volcano that holds the longest existing lava lake which has been going since 1906. It is 613 meters or 2,011 ft high and holds one or sometimes even two active lava lakes at the top that spill over now and then, and down the south side of the volcano. Volcanos with consistent lava lakes are a very rare occurrence and there are only eight in the world.

Here I’ll try to give you a sense of what visiting both Erta Ale and Dallol will be like, it’s quite a tough trip but it is full of adventure.

You’ll begin your journey in a 4×4 driving across the desert of the Danakil depression, bouncing over cracks and rocks while sand streams past the windows in a hazy dust fuelled fog. You will be accompanied by you guided and two armed escorts casually wielding AK47’s and it’s needed. The Afar region has a sense of lawlessness and it’s mandatory to take the armed guides with you. In 2012 Afar rebels attacked a group of tourists leaving five people dead and four kidnapped that were released a few months later. Opportunistic attacks continue to happen and as a result, you have to take your armed escorts.

You’ll arrive at the base of Erta Ale just before sunset and begin your hike then. You won’t want to hike in the day due to the searing temperatures. The hike lasts around three hours and the pace is fast. Try to keep up with your guides if you can but if you cant, be sure to ask for a rest as they have serious stamina and will only keep going and get faster if they think you can handle it. Make sure you have a head torch with you as the path is rocky and gravelly and you can easily slip marching up in the dark.

Once you begin to approach the summit, you will start to see the red devilish glow of the lava fields and feel the heat rushing off it. It isn’t as hot as you may think but it’s a feeling you won’t soon forget. The camp on Erta Ale is about 20-30 minutes from the top and you’ll stop there briefly to drop off anything and organize yourself before the final push to the summit.

The last part of the hike is done at a slower pace as you carefully navigate the rocky terrain until you get to the edge of Erta Ale. At this point, you will be given gas masks, which is a little concerning in the moment, but the vapors from the volcano are toxic and you’ll have to wear them. Once at the top you can gaze into the world’s longest existing lava lake and feel the angry, glowing, feared energy coming off the lava as it oozes, streams, pops and bubbles while it erupts over the huge expansive lake. It’s mesmerizing, like watching a fire burn times a million.

You can spend as long as you need at the top watching, filing, taking pictures and soaking this once in a lifetime experience of staring into the center of the earth. It truly is mind-blowing.

The volcano does tend to smoke over eventually, so hopefully, you will have enough time there to take it all in before this happens. One it smokes over, it’s a good time to head back to camp, but you can hang out to watch the ever-changing lava lake for as long as you need.

Once back at camp, you’ll sleep in an Afar hut on a mattress and your mind will be full of dreams of the lava you’ve just seen. In the morning it’s a quick walk back down the volcano back to your 4×4.

The visit to Dallol is a walk in the park compared to the climb up Erta Ale. You’ll hop in your 4×4 with your military escorts and set off across the desert of the Danakil depression once again. It will be an early start to avoid the heat as usual and you can expect to be there around 8 am in the morning.

Arriving at Dallol is like landing on a new planet, it’s like nothing you’ve never seen before. It is similar to some zones of Yellow Stone National Park, just a lot hotter and more acidic. You will feel the heat radiating inside you and it comes at you from everywhere. The sun above cooking your brain while the ground radiates you from below with heat steaming out from cracks, vents, and bubbling sulfur pools. The smell is something else too and if you have ever smelt sulfur, you’ll know it coats you all over and is inescapable.

You’ll spend about an hour walking over the delicate ground as the salt crushes under your weight. Be sure not to get close to the water as it’s 100 degrees celsius and very acidic and there is no hospital nearby. The place itself is a dizzying array of yellows and blues, with craters, salt mines and slat cones surrounded by a harsh desert full of craggy rocks. If anywhere felt like the moon, it would be here. It’s hard to put into words how removed you feel from the planet you’re used to.

Dallol is near to where Lucy, the oldest hominid in the world was found. It’s an interesting thing to contemplate while you’re there and somehow makes sense.

What To Expect

I have already said that this trip isn’t for the faint-hearted and here is what to expect, just so you know what you’re getting into and there are no surprises.

Infrastructure

While you’re on tour in the Danakil depression you’re going to have to rough it. After all, you’re in a desert and this means there are no bathrooms, no showers, no freshwater, and no electricity. The ‘bush’ will be your toilet, which will be more of a ditch or a shrub and you will have to be ok with not cleaning yourself while you’re there. It pays to take some wet wipes with you. Your drinking water should be provided by your tour guides but always check before you begin your journey.

The pace is fast when you are ascending Erta Ale and trying to keep up with guides is not worth it, they’ll just go faster. It;’s three hours up and three hours down, and in the dark. Ask for breaks or to slow down the pace if you need to.

It’s Hot

The heat can get very uncomfortable, please be aware of this and make sure you hydrate and wear a hat and sun cream. Luckily most of the walking happens in the early mornings or at night, so you will avoid the hottest times.

As we know, military escorts are mandatory when visiting the Danakil Depression and for good reason. Don’t less this put you off, however. Your escorts will change from time to time and they may not all look or dress the same. Trust in your tour guide and it’ll be fine.

There Danakil is a very poor and lawless area and your escorts take their jobs seriously. Do not go ahead or leave the group, this will put you and the tour at risk and your escorts will not be happy about it. They are there for a reason and be sure to follow their advice. They are a bit casual about where the barrel of their gun points, just be aware of it as you go.

Car Journeys

There are long days of driving across dusty and pothole-filled roads. There is a new road being built be it will take some time to be finished. To get to Erta Ale takes around 3-4 hours and then it’s a day to Dallol from there but you do stop for lunch and see some cool scenery on the way.

Lift Takers

You are in the middle of nowhere and transportation is rare. Your guides will often pick up people in need of a lift and this is normal and nothing to worry about. It can be a chance to learn a little about the locals but chances are they won’t understand you. Don’t expect any manners from them, they’ll be themselves as if you weren’t there, it’s nothing offensive, it’s just the way it is. You’ll also see random people emerging from the desert as you drive through, this is also normal and the Afar people wander to create a living.

You will be given gas masks when you get to Erta Ale. This is to protect you from the toxic fumes of the lava. Make sure you use them when you’re told to.

Itineraries

Your tour of the Danakil depression usually lasts 2 nights and three days and are based out of Wukro. This is a standard itinerary for the trip. Smiling Ethiopia is a good tour operator to go with, they have good reviews and do the Danakil tour very well. They will provide you with your equipment, vehicles, food, water, an English speaking guide, drivers, cooks and of course your military escorts. It is recommended to bring your own sleeping bag with you.

On day one you’ll drive for most of the day, stopping for lunch on your way and arrive at Erta Ale in the late afternoon. Here you’ll find the base camp and get ready for your hike at sunset. That evening you’ll see the crate and camp nearby.

Day two you’ll hike back down before sunrise for breakfast at base camp and take a day to drive to Dallol, stopping for lunch and the sunset at Lake Asale.

Day three you’ll visit Dallol early in the morning before returning to Wukro.

Getting There

In order to go to the Danakil Depression, you first have to get to Mekele and the best way to travel is by internal flight with Ethiopian Airlines. Be sure to book once in Ethiopia for a discount and mention it if you flew into Addis with Ethiopian Airlines as you’ll get even more of a discount. You can get to Mekele by bus but it will take a while.

The best time to be in Ethiopia is during the dry season and the same thing goes for the Danakil depression. In the months of October to February, the heat is a little more tolerable.

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World  🢖  Africa  🢖  Ethiopia

Volcanoes  🢔 Geological wonders 🢔  Categories of wonders

T he longest living lava lake in the world is found in the crater of Erta Ale – a very remote volcano in Ethiopia. Visitors to this place tell that this is an unforgettable sight – but coming here is hard and could be very dangerous.

GPS coordinates

Location, address, alternate names, meaning in afar language, map of the site, “smoking mountain”.

Erta Ale – the most active volcano in Ethiopia – has formed over the East African Rift system. Here the crust of Earth is spreading: literally, the Earth is opening here and magma is close to the surface.

The volcanoes here are not cone-shaped giant mountains that from time to time explode, killing all around them. Erta Ale is a typical basaltic shield volcano with very gentle slopes. This mountain is some 50 km wide and rises approximately 700 meters above the Danakil Depression. The caldera of Erta Ale is complex, approximately 1.7 km long and 0.6 km wide, with several crater openings in it.

Most active are two of these craters – one in the north and one in the south. The famous lava lake is in the southern crater, although sometimes lava lake has been reported also in the northern crater.

Eruptions of Erta Ale

Due to its remote location, Erta Ale has been seldom visited by scientists and we know little about its activity in the past, but there are reports about eruptions in 1873, 1903, 1904, 1906, 1940, and 1960. It is very likely that there were eruptions also in between – or maybe the eruption has continued all the time.

The current eruption started in 1967 and has not stopped since then. Since this time has existed the lava lake, which sometimes overflows the southern rim. There open also cracks in other locations and lava pours out: thus in January 2017 some 7 kilometers south of the lava lake opened a new fissure and huge amounts of lava covered the ground.

Eruptions of such basaltic volcanoes are comparatively silent but nevertheless, dangerous. Basaltic lava could flow quite fast and the gentle slopes of the volcano may lead to unexpected turns of lava flows.

Even if Erta Ale is located in a sparsely populated area, its eruptions may create havoc in local communities. Thus, on 25th September 2005 eruption forced thousands of people to evacuate and killed livestock. Another eruption in August 2007 again forced the evacuation.

Lakes of lava are very rare on Earth – and Erta Ale has one of the best ones and nowhere else has it existed that long as here. It is known that lava lake in the southern crater exists since 1967 but it is highly likely that it existed here well before this. There have been reports also about another lava lake in the northern crater in earlier times.

The lava lake is circular, some 50 meters in diameter. In the daytime, it is black, molten basalt with visible cracks of deep-red lava. Meanwhile, at the night it turns out that the whole surface of the lake is emitting a quite strong glow. The sight of the lake is fascinating – lava is constantly changing.

Sometimes the level of lava rises and the lake spills over its rims. At such times the glow of the lava in the night is seen far away from the summit – this is an unusual spectacle of the forces of nature!

Dangerous tourism

This area is one of the world’s most remote and inhospitable locations and travel to the volcano is dangerous and rather difficult. This is further complicated by the unrest of local people – there have been cases when tourists and scientists have been attacked and killed. Now the tourist groups are accompanied by a military escort.

Nevertheless, Erta Ale has a constant flow of tourists, uniting this trip with the visit to one more unique natural landmark – the colorful Dallol hot springs and geysers .

• Erta Ale volcano , Volcano Discovery. Accessed on February 7, 2019
• Fissure Eruptions on Erta Ale , NASA Earth Observatory. Accessed on February 7, 2019

Erta Ale is included in the following article:

Linked articles

Wonders of Ethiopia

Ethiopia is a very interesting country with a rich cultural and natural heritage. Highlights of Ethiopian heritage are its rock-cut churches, ancient stelae, and megaliths as well as places, where are found some of the oldest hominins and humans in the world.

This category includes the most unusual and interesting volcanoes of the world.

Over the last 10,000 years in some 1,500 places around the Earth mantle of Earth has emitted lava, ash, and gases through the crust of the planet. Each of these places is an active volcano. Some 50 – 70 volcanoes erupt every year and at any moment there are some 20 – 30 eruptions ongoing.

Lakes and streams

There are many factors that can make lakes, sea bays, or rivers unusual. Some lakes have unusual chemical properties and even do not contain water at all – such as lava lakes. Others may have unusual animals living in them or… legends about such animals.

Recommended books

Volcanoes of the world.

This impressive scientific resource presents up-to-date information on ten thousand years of volcanic activity on Earth. In the decade and a half since the previous edition was published, new studies have refined assessments of the ages of many volcanoes, and several thousand new eruptions have been documented.

Volcanoes: Global Perspectives

Volcanoes are essential elements in the delicate global balance of elemental forces that govern both the dynamic evolution of the Earth and the nature of Life itself. Without volcanic activity, life as we know it would not exist on our planet. Although beautiful to behold, volcanoes are also potentially destructive, and understanding their nature is critical to prevent major loss of life in the future.

this helped me know facts

Is it impossible to see the lava in the lake? So many negative feedback from last year. By the way great article

Indeed, when looking at the comments in TripAdvisor it really sounds like the lava lake has disappeared (or hidden in smoke). This is unusual because lava lakes since the last year have disappeared also from some more volcanoes (Kilauea, Benbow, Marum) where they have existed for a long time. Thanks for noting this!

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Nomadic by Nature

Small Chronicles from the Far Corners of a Big World

The Dancing Lava Fountains of Erta Ale

May 12, 2016

T here are 30 volcanoes in the Danakil Depression, accounting for a quarter of all the volcanoes on the African continent.  In this land of lava, the Erta Ale volcano stands out for the boiling pit of lava is has been holding at its summit.  It is possibly the longest standing pool of lava in the world, and may have been here for the last hundred years, but it is so remote, no one actually seems to know.  The most impressive part is that you can walk right to the edge of it, close enough to spit your gum into the lava pit — a mere five meters below you.

The journey to Erta Ale is through a road less sand desert. As we approach the volcano we have to slow to a crawl so as not to rip our tyres open on lava rocks in the middle of nowhere.  We arrive at the village of Dodom, and lay on mats, hydrating in the heat and playing cards until dusk.

While Erta Ale is only a 613 meter (2,011 ft.) gently sloping shield volcano, even trekking the three hours to the top is a serious task in 43 degrees Celsius (109 Fahrenheit) heat.  So the best option is to climb it at night with head torches.  The hike is still sweaty, but the reward is phenomenal.  When we get to the top, we have a view overlooking the lava lake.  There is a glowing aura around it in the night sky, and the stars twinkle behind it.

There is too much excitement to set-up camp, so we all immediately descend the outer crater wall in the darkness.  However, upon setting foot in the inner crater, it is apparent it is not the best idea.  The ground crumbles under your feet like ice cream cones.  The lava flow is thin and new from recent overflows of the lake in 2010, and then again in January 2016 — just four months before our arrival.

Having lived in the South Pacific’s ring of fire for years, I know how magma cools into lava tubes .  If you are not extremely careful, you can break through the top of them, sometimes landing on molten rock or in a gaping chasm just below the surface.  It is super dangerous, and we all stay as close behind the guide as possible.

We walk right to the edge of the lava pool, but the heat is so intense that you have to quickly retreat.  Its temperature fluctuates between 200 and 1100 degrees Celsius (392 to 2,012 Fahrenheit), and creates such fierce waves of heat, that you can see them at night.  It is so intense that my camera cannot focus, as they are distorting so much light.  It is like looking through a rippling wall of water.

I shift my camera to manual focus, but standing at the edge trying to focus feels like the heat is evaporating my eyes.  Fortunately, when I squat down, the heat rushes straight up the crater wall in front of me, giving me a little respite and recovery time until I can stand and adjust settings again.

While the conditions are brutal, the show is spectacular.  It feels like the lake is alive, changing its moods without warning.  Sometimes it flows all in one direction, down into a hole at one edge.  Then a fissure in the metallic black crust will slowly pry itself open, exposing a shape like a radioactive snake.  This is the time to wait and watch until hot molten, the color of the sun, leaps through the chasm like a ballerina on center stage.

We pass the night sleeping on the ground on the edge of the outer rim.  We seemed safe from wildlife on top of this desolate wilderness, until a pair of Fennec foxes started fighting 20 meters from where we were sleeping.  It seemed like definitive proof that life can find a way anywhere.

At sunrise we returned to the edge of the lava.  The sun crested over the lava canyon wall exposing a land that looked like it was smashed by a giant’s sledgehammer.  The cracks in the ruptured lava rock are covered in Pele’s Hair .  At first glance it looks like clumps of savannah grass, but it is actually thin strands of volcanic glass, that can fracture into your skin.  Just another unique and deadly feature of Erta Ale you do not want to learn about the hard way.

We stand for over an hour, moving around the rim, gawking at the pot of liquid rock cooking just below us.  Parts of crust are uplifted, and subducted as the currents in the lava change, and we watch it melt like honey and reform into rock.  It feels like the closest thing to the birth of earth that you can witness, and might be the only thing in our world that the surrounding Afar tribesmen fear.  Traveling to Erta Ale is a spectacularly unique traveling experience, so make the pilgrimage to see its dancing fountains of lava in the Danakil Depression.

Author’s Note:   The Danakil Depression is legendary as a dangerous and remote baked piece of earth in the Afar Triangle . It rolls across the disputed borders of Northern Ethiopia and Eritrea, flanked by the Ethiopian plateau to the west, and marking the point where the Great Rift Valley plunges into the Red Sea in the east.  It is created by the Afar Triple Junction , formed by the boundaries of the Nubian, Somalian and Arabian plates tearing apart .  As these plates diverge, they stretch the Earth’s crust above, which becomes thin, and sinks (like cheese on separating pieces of pizza).

The Danakil Depression is one of the hottest and lowest places on earth.  Some parts of it are over 100 meters below sea-level, and the thin crust of the Earth here allows magma and other minerals to bubble to the surface from the bowels of the earth. Two of the most famous attractions in the Danakil Depression are: The Candy Colored Hot Springs of Dallol and the dancing lava fountains of the Erta Ale volcano.

While traveling to the Danakil Depression felt safe, if something happens out there, help is a long way away.  Also keep in mind that travelers were abducted here in 2007, there was an attempted kidnapping in 2008, and in 2012 five travelers were murdered .  If you are still up for the adventure, I traveled with Ethio Travel and Tours as they offered the best budget way to get to the Danakil Depression, and were even willing to negotiate with me. I quite enjoyed my trip.

For further tales of these psychedelic lands, I enjoyed National Geographic’s The Cruelest Place on Earth , BBC’s video series The Hottest Place on Earth and Colleen Kinder’s Travelogue: Journey to the Hottest Place on Earth .

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For Wanderlust

A melody of stories, perspectives and images from around the world, Nomadic by Nature is written and documented by Mike McCaffrey.

Visiting Erta Ale: The Hike to Hell and Back

However, every rule has an exception. The Danakil Depression, which is in the northeastern corner of the country near Eritrea and Djibouti, is that exception.

It is a dangerous, hellish place with some of the highest temperatures on Earth. It is dry and dusty. During the three days I was there I saw temperatures hit 46C twice (115F) and many times the dust was blowing so hard that we couldn’t see other vehicles in our small caravan. Few people live here, and those who do, do so by raising goats and camels who eat the few plants that can grow there. Toss on top of that a local separatist movement which has kidnapped tourists in the past, and you have an environment which demands respect.

In this environment is a place called Erat Ale, which is the embodiment of hell for some people. It is an open lake of molten rock, spewing noxious gasses. It is literally fire and brimstone.

On the surface, this is a story of hiking to Erat Ale. However, it is just as much a story about preparedness, information, getting proper hydration, and selecting a good tour company.

On our schedule, day 5 had listed, “ Camp visit and stay overnight at Erta’ale watching the dramatic lava lake. ” That was it. From the description I assumed that we would just drive up to the volcano, perhaps walk a bit, and then we would photograph the lava for an hour or so, before heading back to camp.

As it turned out, this was not the case.

In the morning, before we left our hotel in Mekele, we were told we would be walking for 3 hours, but it wasn’t clear if it was 3-hours there or 3-hours round trip. No one could really tell us anything. This lack of information was going to be the theme for this adventure.

After 4 hours of driving on paved roads and another 3 hours of off-roading, we arrived at the camp about 2 hours before sunset. It was here we were informed that we wouldn’t start hiking until after the sun had set. While this is a perfectly reasonable thing to do given the high temperatures, we had no clue we would be doing it.

Despite hiking in the dark, it was still very warm. I estimate the temperatures were around 95F (35C) with a very warm, dry wind hitting us the entire time. The rocks were still hot from the heat of the day wind was blowing that heat in our faces.

The total distance from the camp to the volcano turned out to be around 14km (9 miles) each way, with a climb of about 500m (1,500 ft) in elevation.

The pace we were on was also quite brisk. The guides were all at the front of the group and walked at their own pace. Being local to the area, they were accustomed to the conditions and had made this trek many times. They paid almost no attention to their guests at the end of the line, and at one point we stopped to rest just to see if our guides would notice we weren’t there. It was quite a while before they noticed.

It was about 3/4 of the way through when I started to feel the onset of heat exhaustion and dehydration. I was getting chills and started to get dizzy. I was incredibly thirsty and the wisdom of serving beer before this hike now became evident. Alcohol dehydrates you. Toss in the high temperatures, the wind, and the exertion from a 14k, uphill hike across a lava field, and it was sort of a perfect storm of dehydration. The only thing which mitigated it was the fact that this was all taking place in the dark.

While I was the worst off of our group, others were starting to get dehydrated as well. We sort of staged a general strike so we could rest and wait for the supply camels to catch up with us. It was during this break that several things came to light. First, the guides had no real concern for any of us. Not a single “how are you doing?” or “are you OK?”. Second, none of the guides had any first aid training, nor did anyone have so much as a basic first aid kit with them. Not even so much as a band-aid. Third, they had no radio. If something did happen, they had absolutely no way to communicate to get help.

It was around this time I began wondering how the hell I could get evacuated out of there if that had to be done.

I get my travel insurance through Allianz Global Assistance. They have a giant war room and a global team of people whose job it is, is to get travelers out of trouble if they are injured or in danger. Despite the great job they do, I was starting to wonder if I had gotten myself into a situation which even they couldn’t get me out of?

I was hours away from the nearest road, let alone the nearest town or settlement, in one of the most extreme environments on Earth, with no way to communicate with anyone. Ethiopia is a developing country, so it isn’t as if they have rescue helicopters waiting somewhere to rescue tourists.

In the end, the camels showed up with more water. They put me on one of the camels to go the remaining 30 minutes, and everyone else walked rested and hydrated.

The lava pool itself was pretty cool, however, they also didn’t manage to tell us about the noxious fumes which could choke you, or damage your lungs if you breathed it. Another separate group which went up the same night we did were supplied with gas masked. We weren’t even given so much as a warning.

We woke up at 4 am to walk back down to our vehicles. The walk back wasn’t nearly as bad as it had cooled down considerably by then, and we were walking downhill. We all also had ample water for the return trip. I did fall on the way back and badly skinned my knee on the lava stone. There is still a massive scab on the right knee as a write this.

This entire episode taught me several important lessons.

• Pick a Good Tour Operator. We just took it on faith that our guides knew what they were doing. While they knew how to get to the volcano, they didn’t know much else about actually guiding people. They weren’t trained nor prepared. It is something you don’t really know the importance of until you experience a bad one.
• Ask Questions . We should have asked more questions about what we were going to be doing, so it wouldn’t have caught us by surprise. I’m not sure we would have gotten answers, but some of the blame belonged on us.
• Prepare . Even if we had known what we were getting ourselves into, we needed to be prepared for the excursion. That meant having enough water, proper hiking boots, etc. Make sure you have basic first aid supplies and if possible, some sort of communications.
• Respect the environment. I came away from this was a whole lot of respect for the Danakil Depression. This is a serious place and not be messed around with. I’ve seen other warnings around the world, and often I didn’t give them the attention they deserve. People have died recently in the Grand Canyon from dehydration. Despite being a popular national park , you can still suffer consequences if you don’t respect where you are.
• Always have travel insurance . While getting compensation for canceled trips and flights is an important part of having travel insurance, having a team of people who can get you our of trouble is by far the most important aspect of it. After we were out of the Danakil Depression I later found out that there was an Army base with a helicopter which was within flying distance. If something catastrophic had happened, there could have been an evacuation, even if it would have taken a while for the helicopter to arrive.
• Know your limits . Because we weren’t used to the extreme environment, I think everyone in our group could have benefited from going at a slower pace with more rests. Myself the most.

My trip to Erta Ale will probably affect how I travel for the rest of my life. I have no desire to get in such a situation again. For most of my trips, the environment isn’t something you need to obsess over. However, I have upcoming trips planned to the Arctic and other places with extreme environments. You can be sure I’ll be more prepared and informed before I go into those areas.

Disclaimer: I work as an ambassador for Allianz Global Assistance (AGA Service Company) and receive financial compensation.

8 thoughts on “Visiting Erta Ale: The Hike to Hell and Back”

Of 38 countries and 6 continents, this was one of the best adventures I’ve ever been on. I thoroughly loved every minute of it, even the 47-degree weather. Maybe pooping on the ground wasn’t the best but other than that, seeing a lava lake up close was AMAZING. I highly recommend this trip to people who love a good adventure :)

I’m just back from Erta Ale, we were a group of 6 women all over 50 with the oldest being 75. Our experience was not like yours but then .. we were prepared and knew what to expect. I find it very surprising that none of your group researched your destination. Being a press group makes your situation even more ridiculous. I’m glad you’ve taken on board the travel lessons learned. All the best to you.

Great article! I just had to reread the account after I heard it (multiple times) on your podcast. This is a reminder to me, even on little trips here close to home that I can take those little steps to have proper supplies and preparation.

This is terrible experience! I cant believe this was a press trip! Puting journalists who are supposed to promote the destination in danger is very stupid of them and very bad for everybody!

Around 35 Degrees travelling 18 miles in the night! Pwoah that’s insane. Can’t believe those guides, they sound awful. At least you lived to tell the tale though, and a fasincating one at that. The photos look excellent and sounds like you learnt some worthy lessons. Well done to you, that’s a real accomplishmet.

Wow – I’m glad that everything worked out in the end & you’re okay. Powerful article, what huge lessons you’ve learned.

Good everything ended up well in the end. I was in the Danakil Depression just one month ago and, although my experience was not as dreadful as yours, I share some of of your concerns. I used the services of ETT, one of the most reliable travel companies in Ethiopia, and we were well briefed about the conditions of the hike. However, it is true that the local guides are not prepared for dealing with tourists (bad english, cannot see if tourists are struggling, no respect for the environment, throwing garbage on the trail, etc.). I had the same feeling, if things go wrong, no way out of there. When we were back we talked with the manager of the travel company who was already aware of the problems. It seems that the main problem is that the whole area is not under a national park so the government has little influence in there. The Danakil Depression is managed by the local tribes and they only see the place as a cash-cow. For instance, every tourist pays a cleaning fee but they just keep the money and burn or bury the garbage. They also do not allow other guides and their own kids but don’t give them any training. According to ETT, the solution is to give the management of the place to the ministry of culture, and there are pressure in that direction. It is a pity because the place is amazing and unique.

WOW. Powerful, important article with such good lessons! Really glad you are all ok!

Comments are closed.

Erta Ale, the “Smoking Mountain” of Ethiopia

Erta Ale is an isolated active basaltic shield volcano situated in the Afar Region of northeastern Ethiopia, a badlands desert area located at the border with Eritrea. Compared to other volcanoes, Erta Ale has a relatively low-elevation (613 m) because it is surrounded by an area below sea level, one of the most inhospitable on earth. It is well known for its two lava lakes at the summit which occasionally overflow and for being the longest-existing lava lake (of the five lava lakes in the world). In the local Afar language, Erta Ale means “smoking mountain” and its southernmost pit received an apocalyptic name, “the gateway to hell”. (a similar “gate” is located in Turkmenistan).

“Shield volcanoes form when rock deep in the Earth heats to its melting point and rises through conduits and fractures until it punches through the crust. Unlike explosive stratovolcanoes, like Mount St. Helens in Washington state, lava oozes out of shield volcanoes at a more lethargic pace.

Shield volcanoes are the biggest volcanoes on earth. They are short but wide with widths 20 times their heights. Their typical gradient is gentle at the bottom, near 2-3 degrees, with a steeper slope of 10 degrees near the top and they level out at the summit, producing the shield-like shape.” (via Physics Buzz)

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Erta Ale Volcano Special

• 2 nights and 1 full day on the summit of Erta Ale active volcano
• Exploration of fascinating Dallol
• Visit and swim in Afdera Salt Lake
• Small international group
• Ethiopian geologist as a main guide
• Dedicated supply vehicle with experienced cook
• Competent and friendly local team and drivers
• Interaction with local people, introduction into local customs
• Experience - we organise Danakil adventures since 2007

8-days itinerary

Arrival info:.

To allow for maximum flexibility for individual participants travel plans, this volcano special expedition starts and ends in Semera . The airline company that service this airport is Ethiopian Airlines. One can easily book this domestic flight from and to Addis Ababa, Ethiopia´s capital, as there are some daily connections. Or you may try to book the tickets: Your place - Addis Ababa-Semera (sometimes it is possible to avoid the night in Addis Ababa). On the first day of the program you are supposed to arrive with the morning flight 07:00 - 08:20. If you arrive with the next flight - the transfer to the hotel is on your own expenses and you miss the afternoon activity. The best option might be to arrive 1 day earlier, stay for a night in Addis Ababa, take your chance to get to know the capital of Ethiopia and next day fly with the morning flight to Semera. Your flights to and from Ethiopia are not included as default since we have participants from all over the world. However, please do feel free to contact us if you would like any assistance with finding the best flight connections for you!

Additional info

Physical requirements.

The walks on this tour are not particularly difficult, but you should have experience with hiking on uneven and rugged terrain . Although we organise our Danakil during the cooler months of the year, temperatures in the Danakil depression usually range between 35-40 deg C (95-105 deg F), but can easily soar up to 45-50 deg C (120-130 deg F) in the hottest hours near Dallol. The hike to / from Erta Ale´s summit area and caldera rim from base camp and back requires about 10 km trekking over uneven, but relatively easy and gently climbing terrain (about 500 m altitude gain / descend) and is done in the early morning hours prior to sunrise in order to minimize the impact of heat. To approach the edge of the lava lake and other parts of the caldera one needs to walk across the uneven, easy to moderately difficult to walk on platy, ropy or hollow pahoehoe lava flows. Good boots, long pants and gloves are a must . Extra care must be taken when walking over the lava tubes as the thin, glassy crusts of the hardened lava sometimes break so that you suddenly sink up to max halve meter into the hollow cavity below. Walking sticks to "test" the terrain and keep balance are recommended. Sanitary conditions  during most part of this expedition will be very to extremely basic and you should therefore be in excellent overall health . No proper washing facilities are available while in the desert (approx. 7 days). Unfortunately, the local toilet habits in the Afar region and in particular around the salt lakes and atop the volcano is to do your business more or less anywhere; the area around Ahmed Ela (the salt-cutters'town near Dallol) is littered with garbage and human and animal excrement, resulting in a high rate of stomach bugs / traveler´s disease among visitors to the region. We therefore ask you to consult a medical doctor about going to the Danakil prior to joining the expedition. One should particularly take precautions / medicine against dehydration, diarrhea and stomach infections .

Arrival to Semera

Semera - afdera salt lake, afdera - erta ale summit, explore erta ale's activity.

Descend to Dallol

Dallol-afdera lake, afdera - semera, flight back to addis abeba or extension, tour dates & prices, prices for tours at custom dates on request.

• Accommodations on Double room Basis at the best hotel in Semera Kuriftu Lodge / Similar and with all camping facilities on the dates of Afar Desert expedition camping.
• Meals on Full Board Basis at the Hotels and Camping with water.
• Professional Ethiopian guide who is an English-speaking geologist
• Transportation with Land Cruisers equipped with AC and experienced 4WD drivers
• Logistic Car for camping equipment's.
• Full camping equipment
• Cook and assistant for the camping days.
• All entrance fees, security, polices, local guide, road guide, camels and processing fees.
• Camping and sanitation fees and govemental tax

Not included:

• Flights to and from Semera airport
• Single room/tent supplement
• Light sleeping bag
• Extra and/or alcoholic drinks
• Extra nights in Semera or Addis Ababa (if required)
• Tips for the main guide, drivers and cook and local stuff
• Costs of entry VISA
• 3 day Dallol extension (colourful hydrothermal system, Assale salt lake): 950 USD per person (min. 2 participants)

"the trip was, simply said, excellent and super"

Dear Ingrid, the trip was, simply said, excellent and super including logistics, staff, food, geology, etc. Enclosed you'll find a short excursion debriefing :-). The staff was excellent and I've never met better one. Enku is really great and sensitive person, willing to do whatever for others, and loving geology . He showed us everything he could or we wanted. Demis (our driver) is an even-tempered man all time smiling and was my personal guide on fragile lava. Meski (our cook) is so good in cooking. First day I was a little bit startled of eating unknown meals but next days I was eating so much (big portions of very tasty meals) that my weight increased by 1.5 kg. Thank you very much for the beautiful trip and I'm looking forward to the next volcano expedition . Many greetings from freezing Prague. - Richard (from the Czech Republic) about his participation on our first Erta Ale volcano special in from 14 to 21 January 2017 . Fellow traveler Paul shared his photographs of this unique high activity at Erta Ale .

"Hallo Tom! Ich möchte Dir an dieser Stelle noch einmal ganz herzlich danken für die sehr gut organisierte Expedition zum Erta Ale und Dallol . Ich habe selten zuvor in zwei Wochen so viele positive und eindrückliche Momente erlebt wie auf dieser Reise. Neben dem Besuch der Vulkane wird mir die Danakil-Wüste mit all ihren facettenreichen Landschaften, die Freundlichkeit der Aethiopier, der sehr gute Teamgeist unserer Gruppe und natürlich die Kamelkarawane zum Salzsee in bester Erinnerung bleiben. Auch erwähnenswert ist natürlich der Besuch der Felsenkirchen, welche eingebettet in einer fantastischen Landschaft liegen. Ich bin sehr dankbar für all diese eindrücklichen Momente ! Sollte ich zukünftig wieder einmal auf Vulkanexpedition gehen, werde ich ohne zu zögern "VolcanoDiscovery" deswegen kontaktieren. Zudem erlaube ich mir, Dich in meinem Bekanntenkreis weiter zu empfehlen. Herzlichst, André B. Schweiz" ( Expedition to the Danakil )

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Name and (billing) address of the main traveler (person responsible for the booking):, you can enter the names of up to 3 additional participants in your booking:, additional information:.

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Erta ale volcano.

Erta Ale volcano is a large basaltic shield volcano in the Erta Ale volcanic range in the central northern Danakil depression (NE Ethiopia). It is famed for its persistent lava lake which has been active during most of the past decades since it was first discovered in the 1960s. Erta Ale is only 613 m high, but as typical for a shield volcano has a very gentle slopes and a large 40 km diameter base. The summit is truncated by a complex, elongated 1700 x 600 m wide caldera which contains vast lava flows and several larger and smaller pit craters, most notably the active north and south crater, which contains the lava lake at present. Erta Ale is one of the main attractions of the Danakil, and had became a popular tour destination in recent years. Unfortunately, the deadly attack on 4 January 2012 against tourists and scientists camped on the crater rim, in which several were killed, illustrates that the area is politically unstable and can be subject to terrorist attacks. Anyone visiting the volcano should be aware of this.

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Erta ale volcano photos.

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Erta Ale volcano (Danakil depression, Ethiopia) field report: new hornito has triggered lava overflow towards northern caldera

Erta Ale volcano (Danakil depression, Ethiopia): new lava flow in northern pit crater

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Erta Ale, sometimes written as Ertale or Irta’ale, is a large basaltic shield volcano which is located in the northern part of the Afar Regional State, within the northeastern part of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia.

Situated more precisely in the Afar Depression which is considered as a badland desert area, it is certainly one of the most active volcanoes that can be found in the African nation.

The most famous part is the persistent lava lake which has been active since its discovery in 1960s. Being only 613 meters (2,011 feet) high above the sea, it is one of eight other volcanoes in the world that have a lava lake, nonetheless, it is interesting to be noted that there are two active lava lakes at the summit which sometimes overflow on the south side of the volcano.

When the name is translated from the local Afar language, it means the “smoking mountain”, and with the enormous pool of active magma which is located beneath the ground surrounding Erta Ale, the volcano shall certainly continue to “smoke” for an even longer period.

Still, it should be noted that the lake goes through different cycles and from time to time will cool, form a black layer on top, and then all of a sudden converts back into liquid lava. Throughout history, there have been eruptions that occurred more than almost a dozen times, which forced the locals to flee and it killed their livestock.

As the volcano is centered over the active continental rift zone in East Africa, better known as the East African Rift System, which in fact is a triple junction where boundaries of three tectonic plates meet, it is sure that continuous eruptions will occur, and movements in the ground shall be felt by the locals.

Even though there are quite harsh conditions, the ceaseless danger of volcanic eruption and extreme heat, in recent years there has been a lot of people who saw Erta Ale from a helicopter ride, and in recent years, with the constant growth of tourism, there have been adventure tourism groups which organize trips to the volcano.

The closest that they could get and which would seem safe distance right next to the unforgiving Erta Ale is some 7 km (4 mi) away, however, there are also some scientists and other visitors who are getting on top of the volcano and witness the mesmerizing and relentless Erta Ale.

All in all, being one of the unique features of Ethiopia, this small volcano is definitely something that should be well known around the world, and if possible to be better learned about the possible eruptions that might happen in the future.

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Geologic features near Erta Ale, Afar region.

Erta Ale is a shield volcano in the Afar region of East Africa. Erta Ale is a remote and rarely visited volcano that is known currently to have an active lava lake in its summit crater.

Erta Ale has undergone seven eruption events in the past 125 years. Three of the early eruption dates, 1873, 1903, and 1904 are uncertain. However, 1906, 1940, 1960, and 1967 are well established events. Erta Ale has been erupting continuously since 1967.

Two new studies on Erta Ale have recently been published. Oppenheimer and Francis (1998) looked at the implications of long-lived lava lakes. They believe that Erta Ale's lava lake has been active for at least the last 90 years (making it one of the longest known historic eruptions). Large amounts of heat are released by the volcano but the amount of lava that erupts is relatively small. Oppenheimer and Francis speculated that a higher magma density (caused by the cooling of the lava in the lake) inhibits eruptions. They proposed that most of the magma accumulates in the underlying crust in the form of dikes and sills. Since the Afar region is under extension, conditions are favorable for the injection of dikes and sills.

Barrat and others (1998) looked at the chemistry of the rocks at Erta Ale. Rocks range in composition from basalt to rhyolite. Barrat and others found that two mantle sources were tapped for the basalts: one similar in composition to the source for mid-ocean ridge basalts (called MORB by geochemists) and one similar in composition to the source for ocean-island basalts (called OIB). Their data did not show a significant contribution of sialic material from the continental crust. The silica-rich volcanics are derived from fractional crystallization of basaltic magmas.

Sources of Information:

Barrat, J.A., Fourcade, S., Jahn, B.M., Cheminee, J.L., and Capdevila, R., 1998, Isotope (Sr, Nd, Pb, O) and trace-element geochemistry of volcanics from the Erta'Ale range (Ethiopia): Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 80, p. 85-100.

Global Volcanism Network, 1995, Summary of Recent Activity: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 34, p. 848.

Oppenheimer, C., and Francis, P., 1998, Implications of longeval lava lakes for geomorphological and plutonic processes at Erta 'Ale volcano, Afar: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 80, p. 101-111.

Simkin, T., and Siebert, L., 1994, Volcanoes of the World: Geoscience Press, Tucson, Arizona, 349 p.

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In Pictures

Past and present dangers of Erta Ale lava lake

Ethiopia’s erta ale volcano, locally known as ‘the gateway to hell’, is not the most obvious tourist destination..

Erta Ale, Ethiopia –  The words from the young and energetic guide hurrying toward the Erta Ale volcano in north-eastern Ethiopia were not particularly reassuring. “ Tourists will die here someday. I’m sure of it, “  he said, albeit in a light manner.

Darkness slowly set over the barren landscape, but temperatures still hovered at around 35 degrees Celsius.

The guide’s gloomy premonition was also a reminder of a very grim past. In 2012 a group of tourists were ambushed by gunmen on the edge of this crater. Five European tourists were killed and four others abducted.

The Afar Revolutionary Democratic Front, a separatist group, claimed responsibility for the attack. The incident led to a period of fighting between Ethiopian and Eritrean forces as Ethiopia accused the Eritrean government of supporting, harbouring and training the attackers.

Since then security has been buffed up, with government-appointed soldiers routinely monitoring the inhospitable desert terrain for potential ambushers and bandits. All tourist groups are now accompanied by an armed guard and an armed policeman. Indeed, as unrest spread and a state of emergency was imposed in Ethiopia in the last half of 2016 as a result of widespread protests, Erta Ale and the Danakil Depression were among the safest places to travel in the country.

With the dangers of a violence at bay, the tourist guide focused his commentary on the more actual dangers of the fiercely active and constantly erupting volcano, which holds one of only six lava lakes in the world. 

TOUR AND TRAVEL AGENCY

Erta Ale is a continuously active basaltic shield volcano in the Afar Region of northeastern Ethiopia. It is situated in the Afar Depression, a badland desert area. Erta Ale is the most active volcano in Ethiopia. Listed as the most active volcano in the world with having hosted a permanent lava lake for longer than125 years, it has been in a state of continuous eruption scince1965.

Boat ride on river

South Ethiopia

Cultural tours.

Tourism is travel for pleasure or business; also the theory and practice of touring, the business of attracting, accommodating, and entertaining tourists, and the business of operating tours. Tourism may be international, or within the traveller’s country. The World Tourism Organization defines tourism more generally, in terms which go “beyond the common perception of tourism as being limited to holiday activity only”, as people “traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes”.

Tourism can be domestic or international, and international tourism has both incoming and outgoing implications on a country’s balance of payments. Today, tourism is a major source of income for many countries, and affects the economy of both the source and host countries, in some cases being of vital importance.

Jungle Safari

A is an overland journey, usually a trip by tourists to Africa. In the past, the trip was often a big-game hunt, but today, safari often refers to trips to observe and photograph wildlife—or hiking and sightseeing, as well.

The Swahili word safari means journey, originally from the Arabic meaning a journey; the verb for “to travel” in Swahili is kusafiri. These words are used for any type of journey, e.g. by bus from Nairobi to Mombasa or by ferry from Dar es Salaam to Unguja. Safari entered the English language at the end of the 1850s thanks to Richard Francis Burton, the famous explorer. The Regimental March of the King’s African Rifles was ‘Funga Safari’, literally ‘tie up the March’, or, in other words, pack up equipment ready to march.

In 1836 William Cornwallis Harris led an expedition purely to observe and record wildlife and landscapes by the expedition’s members. Harris established the safari style of journey, starting with a not too strenuous rising at first light, an energetic day walking, an afternoon rest then concluding with a formal dinner and telling stories in the evening over drinks and tobacco.

Peak Climbing

A climbing peak may refer to a mountain or hill peak or a rock formation that has to be ascended by climbing. The term is common in Germany where it is specifically used of free-standing rock formations in the climbing regions of Saxon Switzerland, Zittau Mountains and other nearby ranges in the German Central Uplands that can only be summitted via climbing routes of at least grade I on the UIAA scale or by jumping from nearby rocks or massifs. As a general rule, they must have a topographic prominence of at least 10 metres to qualify. In Saxon Switzerland the Saxon Climbing Regulations do not require any minimum height, but define climbing peaks as

Another requirement is its recognition by the responsible sub-committee of the Saxon Climbers’ Federation (SBB) and the responsible conservation authorities. For hikers these authorized summits may often be recognised by the presence of a summit register and abseiling anchor points.

In other climbing areas, such as those in Bohemian Switzerland, there are other exceptions. There, climbing peaks only need to have a significant rock face – the lowest side of which has to be less than 10 m high, but at least 6 m high.

GREAT ETHIOPIAN RUN 10KM The Great Ethiopian Run International 10km is Africa’s biggest running race. It’s also been described as the world’s biggest street party with a run! Participants all wear the same race T-shirt designed around the colors of the Ethiopian flag, and DJs and bands keep runners and spectators entertained across the course that loops through central Addis Ababa. THE 2018 GREAT ETHIOPIAN RUN INTERNATIONAL 10KM TAKES PLACE ON SUNDAY 18 NOVEMBER 2018. This event is for runners of all levels. At the front end it attracts an impressive field of elite runners, but its main purpose has always been to encourage mass participation running, and judging by ever-increasing demand for race places it has been very successful in doing this. So, whether you’re a serious runner looking to push yourself in a tough competition at altitude, or a fit 10km first-timer, or a bit of a plodder who wants also to enjoy dancing in the streets, this is a great event! WHAT TO EXPECT Haile Gebreselassie starts you off, usually accompanied by a coterie of other Ethiopian Olympic champions. From Meskel Square you complete a loop around the city, the kilometers marked by DJs and live bands, where both spectators and runners can dance or do a little bit of running to the beat. There’s a carnival atmosphere for the entire route, and plenty of encouragement from broad-smiling fellow runners and spectators along the way. As you cross the finish line back in Meskel Square, you’re handed your medal, and can relive your experience with fellow runners over a celebratory lunch.

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Volcano Profile: Erta Ale

The latest in my Volcano Profiles series , this one on Erta Ale in Ethiopia.

The summit crater at Erta Ale in 1994

Location : The Afar region of Ethiopia .

Height : 613 m / 2,011 feet Tectonic setting : Erta Ale (meaning "smoking mountain") is part of the East African Rift , where the African Continent is tearing apart along a seam that runs from the Red Sea/Gulf of Aden (two other arms of the rift themselves) south through eastern Africa. Many of the large lakes of eastern Africa such as Lakes Albert, Tanganyika , Nyasa and Kariba fill rift valleys created by the cracking of the continental plate from rising asthenopheric mantle. This upwelling produces the magma underneath the rift . Type : Shield volcano Hazards : Lava flows - the volcano has a long-lived active lava lake , possibly as long as the last 100 years (Oppenheimer and Francis, 1998). There is also evidence of more explosive eruptions (VEI 2) in the last 150 years from Erta Ale , but its remote location makes accurate records sparse. Monitoring : There is not much in the way of nearby monitoring of Erta Ale, as the eruption of Dallafilla in 2008 shows - there was no one on the scene to find out which volcano in the range (conveniently also called Erta Ale) had erupted. Most eruptions in the area are first noticed by their sulfur dioxide plumes or the lava lakes by satellite , then by reports from the few locals who live near the volcano.

Summary : Erta Ale is one of the most remote volcanoes in the Afar region of Ethiopia part of the East African Rift. It is rarely visited and most of our knowledge of the volcano's activity comes from remote sensing data. The volcano itself is a large shield volcano with the typical summit caldera with craters that we see at many shield volcanoes. This summit caldera is more unique, though, thanks to the long-lived lava lake that sits in the summit crater pit. Over the last 100 years, this lava lake is sometimes joined by a second lava lake. Studies of the lake surface temperatures suggest that the flux of lava through the lake (at least in the late 1990s) is ~510-580 kg/s of basaltic lava ( Burgi, 2002 ). Fresh-looking lava flows on the flanks of Erta Ale indicate that the lava lake will periodically overflow (as it may have in 2005), sending lava flows down the slopes of the volcano - this is a significant hazard, as superheated lava from a lava lake at Nyiragongo breached in 1977 , sending lava downslope at ~100 km/h (60 mph) and killing 70 people. Most eruptions are sourced from the summit caldera area, however there have been rift vent eruptions along the northern flank of the volcano as well. Current status : Just this week, new reports arrived that the lava lake at Erta Ale has risen to just 20 meter below the rim of th summit crater pit. Last year, an expedition visited the volcano and noted several changes since the last visit in 2002, including changes in the crater shapes and alignments at the summit. Notable Recent Eruptions and History : An eruption of Erta Ale in 2005 forced evacuations of the region near the volcano and killed 250 heads of livestock. This eruption followed an M5.5 earthquake in the region. The volcano erupted again in 2007 , prompting evacuations again, and possibly killing 5 people. Mitigation : Evacuations are common near Erta Ale when eruptions begin, and geologists from the University of Adis Adaba usually respond quickly when evidence arises that the volcano may be erupting.

The lava lake in the crater of Erta Ale.

Selected resources of Erta'Ale: Bizhourd, H., Barberi, F. and Varet, J., 1980, Mineralogy and Petrology of Erta Ale and Boina Volcanic Series, Afar Rift, Ethiopia. Journal of Petrology, Volume 21, Number 2. Pages 401-436.

Burgi, P.Y., Caillet, M., Haefeli, S., 2002, Field temperature measurements at Erta'Ale Lava Lake, Ethiopia. Bulletin of Volcanology, Vol. 64, No. 7. pp. 472-485.

Oppenheimer C., Francis P., 1997, Remote sensing of heat, lava and fumarole emissions from Erta 'Ale volcano, Ethiopia. International Journal of Remote Sensing, Volume 18, Number 8. pp. 1661-1692.

Oppenheimer, C., Francis, P., 1998, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, Volume 80, Issues 1-2. Pages 101-111

Oppenheimer, C., McGonigle, A.J.S., Allard, P., Wooster, M.J. and Tsanev, V., 2004, Sulfur, heat, and magma budget of Erta 'Ale lava lake, Ethiopia, Geology, v. 32 no. 6. p. 509-512

• earth science

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Welcome to Moscow

Home to the University of Idaho, Moscow (aka Fest City) is known for its lively celebrations and charming hometown vibe. Whether you’re exploring picturesque landscapes, rocking out at a music festival or indulging in mouthwatering local cuisine, this welcoming city offers an array of experiences for every style of adventurer. The only question is, where should you begin?

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When is the best time to visit Moscow? | Weather, budget, events by month

• July 14, 2023

Discover when is the best time to visit Moscow. In this blog post, I will talk about weather, budget and other things to know to choose the best time when to go to Moscow for you. I cannot account the times when we went in Moscow. Here are the pros and the cons of each month taking all main criteria into account!

I will first describe the main criteria that will help you choose when to go to Moscow:

• Climate in Moscow: temperatures and weather

Special events in Moscow

• Budget and visa

Then I will talk about each season (go directly to this party if you already have an idea of ​​the desired departure date):

• Advantages and disadvantages month by month

The weather cannot be the only criterion to decide when is the best time to visit Moscow for you. Even if the temperatures drop low, Moscow in December is just magical! This is why I advise to take into account several criteria at the same time. Also remember that it takes at least a month to get the Russian visa.

When to go to Moscow: climate and weather

The seasons are well marked. The mid-season months are not necessarily the best for the weather. However, they are not necessarily to be avoided, because, as we will see later, Moscow is a city that changes all the time and the prices can be more attractive. For example, for a lot of people winter is the best time to visit Moscow.

Weather in Moscow. Moscow is inland, making the city “more protected” from changing weather. For example, the weather is much more changeable in St. Petersburg. On the other hand, the weather in Moscow is more and more scorching in summer, we can then easily reach 30 degrees (for the Russians, it’s already the heat wave).

Moscow temperatures

As soon as you think of Russia, you want to do “Brrrr”. Let’s prepare our down jackets! Indeed, the Russian climate is not the mildest on the planet. However, it all depends on the region, because the country is very large. Moscow is almost at the same latitude as Copenhagen. As Moscow is relatively far from the coast, there is a pronounced continental climate. It is hot in summer and cold in winter.

In addition, global warming is there. For several decades, annual average temperatures have always been recorded above the past. I suggest you look at the averages over the past five years to be as close as possible to reality:

Sunshine and precipitation

Sunshine. This is surprising, but there is more sunshine in Moscow than in Paris or even in Berlin: 1,731 hours in Moscow, compared to 1661 in Paris and 1626 in Berlin.

Duration of the day in winter. We had questions about the length of the day in winter. So, here are a few things. As in Europe, the shortest days are in December. In Moscow, at the end of December, the sun rises around 9 a.m. and sets around 4 p.m. Then the day gets bigger until the end of June, when the day is the longest.

Precipitation. There is more precipitation in Moscow than in Paris (705mm against 637mm).

When is the best time to visit Moscow: interesting events

Moscow is a city that moves a lot. It is even said that this city never sleeps. So there are a lot of events, forums, exhibitions, conferences. Here I’m going to talk about the main recurring events that punctuate the year and that may help you decide when to go to Moscow.

End of year celebrations in Moscow

December 31 rather than Christmas. The Russians are eagerly awaiting the holiday season. Here on December 31 is like Christmas with us. Religion, “opium of the people” according to Marx, and, above all, its official absence marked the country during the Soviet years. This then reinforced the celebration of December 31, while Orthodox Christmas is January 7.

Russian calendar. In addition, it should be known that the first week of January is a bank holiday. Many Russians therefore do not work during this period. Europe also greatly influences the habits of Muscovites. Consequently, the Christmas markets start in early December and, for some, continue until early February!

Fairytale atmosphere. If you are wondering when to go to Moscow and you love the holiday mood, then the end of December – early January, and even February, is for you! There are many things to do during this time: for example, Christmas markets, decorations, winter games, skating rinks. In 2016, Moscow opened the largest ice rink in Europe. In short, the city is doing a lot of entertainment during this period and the general atmosphere is at the top! However, everything comes at a cost. You can see more detail below in the article, month by month.

Find our more in this blog post: Christmas and New Year in Moscow .

Visit Moscow in May

May 1 and 9 are two big festivals in Russia. Both dates are known worldwide. May 9 in Russia is May 8 with us in France. The signature that marks the end of the Second World War. The shift day is explained by … the difference in time zone.

The May 9 holiday is a very important holiday for the Russians. The Soviet human losses amounted to millions. So there are many families who have been directly affected by the war. The first big parade was organized by Stalin on June 24, 1945 in Red Square in Moscow. Later each year the USSR and then Russia organized a parade on May 9. Here is the video of the first parade dating from 1945 in color, then the last – that of 2016.

A disadvantage of the beginning of May. For the planned events, Red Square will not be completely empty. There are always installations for May 9, but also rehearsals. So, to the question “when is the best time to visit Moscow”, I would not say that May is the best one. You can find out more in the article “Moscow in autumn” below.

Throughout the year, the Moscow City Hall organizes free events (festivals, small markets, concerts, etc.) in the Red Square and in the streets of the city center. For example, there are two major interesting events:

• Festival of Lights “Around the World”: in 2019, it was from September 28 to October 4.
• Anniversary of the city of Moscow always celebrated the first weekend of September.

When is the best time to visit Moscow: budget, price seasonality, visa

Most touristy periods. Many travelers come to Moscow from May to October. This is the period when we see the most tourists in Moscow. In addition, many are also those who come at the end of December and at the beginning of January for the New Year. The beginning of May and the first week of January are also strongly requested, in particular by the Russians (school holidays, public holidays).

Accommodation. Hotel rates therefore necessarily increase during these periods of the year. But they do not go so far as to triple. To give an idea, count at least 80 euros in the city center for a double room with breakfast. You can read more about the districts of Moscow in my article: Where to stay in Moscow?

Guides and tours. Also take into account that during these periods it will be more difficult to find a guide at the last moment. It’s best to do it 2-3 months in advance. There will be more waiting or difficulty obtaining tickets during the months of high tourist influx: late December, early January, May, June, July, August.

Visa for Russia. The cost of the visa does not change depending on the month of the year. On the other hand, the deadlines can be longer if you make the request for the high tourist season (from May to October). Allow about a month. Getting the Russian visa is not complicated, there is a procedure to follow.

In Russia, the seasons are divided as follows:

• Fall: September, October, November.
• Winter: December, January, February.
• Spring: March, April, May.
• Summer: June, July, August.

Discover Moscow in autumn: when is the best time to visit Moscow in autumn?

From the beginning of September, we feel that the temperatures begin to drop gradually, especially at night.

Moscow in September

More and more travelers are choosing the month of September to go to Moscow. Because it is not cold yet and there are fewer tourists than in summer. Prices drop slightly, but remain higher than in the lean months of the year. There is also the city’s birthday on the first weekend in September, but also the “Around the World” festival towards the end of the month.

Moscow in October

You are likely to come across the colors of autumn from the beginning of October. The accommodation prices are starting to drop gradually. There is less waiting in the places to visit. Temperatures are not very low: during the day they are generally around +6 degrees. On the other hand, the only negative point can be the cost of plane tickets, if you leave during the French school holidays.

Moscow in November

It’s one of the least calm! Temperatures drop and can approach zero during the day in mid-November. Hotel rates are low, there are few tourists, and therefore less waiting in museums. It’s easier to get tickets for the Kremlin Palace of Armor, which can be very difficult in the summer. Guides also have more availability. So why not go to Moscow in November?

Discover Moscow in winter: when is the best time to visit Moscow in winter?

Winter is a very nice time to go to Moscow, because the Christmas and New Year decorations are installed from the beginning of December and are not removed until the end of February. To learn more about the different activities in winter, read this article: What to do in Moscow in winter? If winter temperatures scare you, check out Moscow in the spring (see below).

Moscow in december

Normally, negative daytime temperatures set in, although the weather can vary significantly from year to year. In general, from mid-December the snow is durable. It is from December 20 that more and more travelers come to Moscow. December 31st is celebrated like Christmas in France. Accommodation rates are higher from mid-December. It’s also more complicated to find a guide at the last moment. Furthermore, as in Europe, the days of December are the shortest of the year. But if you want to mark New Years Day, you will have lots of memories!

Moscow in january

January is also a very festive month. The first week of January is a public holiday in Russia. Besides, it’s also a week of Russian school holidays. There are more people in the streets, museums and everywhere in the city. To find out more about this time of year (Christmas markets, itineraries, etc.), read: Christmas and New Years in Moscow . Prices remain high during this week, but drop from mid-January.

Moscow in February

It’s the second quietest month of the year. In February, winter clearly takes its ease. The temperatures are the lowest, it’s a real winter! The days are longer in February than in December. So we’re enjoying the day more, and with the snow it’s really nice, because the weather in Moscow in February is pretty sunny. Accommodation rates are at their lowest, and the decorations are still there. So, if you are looking for when to go to Moscow, if the cold does not scare you and you appreciate the snowy landscapes, why not consider the month of February?

Discover Moscow in spring: when is the best time to visit Moscow in spring?

Spring is a contrasting period between March, which is still quite cold, and May, when we really feel the arrival of summer.

Moscow in March

The ice and snow begin to melt around mid-March. Winter is coming in March, but spring is not quite there yet. It’s the third quietest month of the year. It is therefore possible to visit the city more quietly. Accommodation prices are low, guides are available. The weather in Moscow in March is milder than in February. In addition, the days are longer, so you can take many walks.

Moscow in April

It is only from mid-April that we begin to feel the beginnings of sunny days. The weather in Moscow in spring and April in particular is getting milder and colder: we can expect +7 during the day. In addition, there are not many travelers yet and we fear to enjoy the places more quietly, but we feel that the start of the tourist season is approaching. Accommodation rates are lower than in May.

Moscow in May

The early May holidays attract many travelers to Moscow. There are also many Russians who come to the capital on public holidays. It is therefore advisable to plan visits in advance to avoid queuing once there. Red Square can be closed or partially closed for rehearsals for the May 9 parade, the same day and one or two days after. More info in: Moscow in May: events, budget, what to do?

Discover Moscow in summer: when is the best time to visit Moscow in summer?

All summer months are great, if you take temperatures into account. The weather in Moscow in summer is quite pleasant. However, in recent years, there have been great heat peaks or heat waves in July (30 degrees during the day).

Moscow in June

From June, you can take long walks in the city’s parks, very numerous and much appreciated by the locals. Boat trips are more enjoyable from June. On the other hand, the prices of accommodation in Moscow are higher than in the lean months. There are also more tourists. Book your hotel, tours and activities in advance.

Moscow in july

July is the hottest month, but we’re not on +40. Moscow is a city inland and therefore there is little fresh air, if it is very hot. We can do lots of walks to discover the city. We have written several complete itineraries so as not to miss anything of Moscow in our special Moscow travel guide. It also contains tips to save time and enjoy the city off the beaten track, as there are so many tourists during this time of year.

Moscow in August

Temperatures are starting to drop gradually, but there are still so many people. In order to be sure of the choice of accommodation, I advise you to book in advance. The same goes for guided tours or entrance tickets to the Kremlin. It’s also a good time to discover the city differently by going to places that are less touristy and more frequented by locals.

When is the best time to go to Moscow? In summary!

The best time to discover Moscow depends on the criteria you want to favor: the weather, the budget, the tranquility of the visits, the special events to be experienced on site.

In summary:

• The peak tourist season in Moscow begins in early May and ends in late September.
• Late December and early January is the best time to experience the holiday mood, but it comes at a cost.
• End of January, February, March, beginning of April, November are the quietest months of the year, when you can visit the city more calmly and on a reduced budget.

So, have you decided when to go to Moscow? 🙂 Do you plan to visit Moscow in spring, summer, autumn or winter?

Travel idea! As in all cases you will get a visa and there is only 4 hours by train between Moscow and Saint Petersburg, why not visit both cities? Read an example of a route here: Moscow to Saint Petersburg in one week.

If you still have doubts, take a look at what you can visit in Moscow in order to choose the best period: Things to do in Moscow in 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 days.

For a great trip to Moscow:

• Visit Moscow and St Petersburg in one week: itinerary
• Where to stay in Moscow?
• Tourist voucher for Russian visa

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