where to travel if not vaccinated

The countries you can travel to without a vaccine

By Abigail Malbon

Travel around the world is easier now, particularly for those who are fully vaccinated with an approved Covid vaccine – but some countries are allowing unvaccinated travellers to enter. Yet with restrictions constantly changing, how do the latest rules affect those who aren't fully vaccinated, and which countries are allowing tourists to enter if they're unvaccinated?

Where can I travel unvaccinated?

There are currently a number of countries that will allow visitors who have not been vaccinated to enter. A few of them are in Europe , and the others are slightly farther afield. We recommend always closely following UK health guidance, including having your Covid vaccine and booster if you are able to. Before travelling, you should regularly check government guidelines both for the country you might be considering visiting and for the UK when you return.

You can find the full list of countries allowing people to enter without a vaccine below:

Since 1 May 2022, unvaccinated travellers are able to visit the country without proof of a negative PCR or rapid antigen test. Passenger locator forms are also no longer required.

Arrivals may, however, be required to undergo a rapid Covid test on arrival. If you test positive on arrival in Greece, you (and those you are travelling with) will have to self-isolate for at least five days, either at home or in a hotel (this will be paid for by the Greek state). If you have no symptoms on day five you will be allowed to leave quarantine.

For holiday inspiration, see our guide to the best Greek Islands to visit .

Read the rules on travel to Greece .

2. Portugal and Madeira

Portugal ’s mainland and Madeira are open to travellers who have not been vaccinated, as long as they can prove they don't have coronavirus when they enter the country. To enter mainland Portugal, you will be required to show proof of a negative PCR test taken within 72 or an antigen test taken within 24 hours of departure for the country as well as complete and submit a traveller questionnaire before departure for the country. Self-administered tests are not accepted. Your temperature will also be screened on arrival.

To enter Madeira, you must register on the Madeira Safe travellers platform and download a QR code to present to airport staff on arrival. You must provide proof of a negative antigen test taken within 48 hours of departure that has been administered by a trained healthcare professional.

Your airline may deny boarding if you cannot show one of these documents when you check in for your flight. Check with your airline before you travel.

Read the rules on travel to Portugal .

Unvaccinated adult travellers can enter Spain if they are able to show proof of a negative test taken before entering the country. Previously, only fully vaccinated travellers aged 12 and over could enter Spain from the UK, but the destination has relaxed rules slightly, so it is now accepting negative PCR tests taken in the 72 hours before departure for the country or negative antigen tests taken in the 24 hours before departure for the country in lieu of full vaccination in adults. However, those who cannot meet either criteria will not be able to enter.

As of 1 February, you need to have received your second jab between 14 and 270 days before travel to Spain and the Canary Islands to be classed as fully vaccinated. Children aged 12-17 no longer need to show proof of a vaccine, but will need a negative PCR test to enter.

Read the rules on travel to Spain .

Unvaccinated travellers can enter Croatia without showing proof of a vaccine or negative test. The requirement to fill out a passenger locator form also no longer exists.

Read the rules on travel to Croatia .

Unvaccinated travellers to  Cyprus  must provide proof of a negative PCR test taken within 72 hours before departure for the country or an antigen test taken in the 24 hours before departure for the country. Travellers over 12 may then be asked to take another PCR test upon arrival at Larnaca or Paphos airports, and remain in isolation until the result comes back (this should take roughly three hours). This costs €15–€19 and must be paid for by the traveller.

Read the rules on travel to Cyprus .

If you are unvaccinated and over 12 years old, you must provide a negative PCR test result taken within 72 hours or an antigen test result taken within 48 hours pre-departure for entry to France.

Read the rules on travel to France .

7. Maldives

All travellers to the Maldives must fill in a Traveller Declaration form in the 72 hours prior to departure. A PCR test is no longer required regardless of vaccination status.

Read the rules on travel to the Maldives .

Unvaccinated tourists entering Italy from the UK must show a negative PCR test taken within 48 hours before entering, or a negative lateral flow test taken within 48 hours before entering. The requirement to fill in a passenger locator form has now been lifted.

Read the rules on travel to Italy .

9. Dubai and United Arab Emirates

You do not have to be fully vaccinated to visit the UAE. Unvaccinated arrivals to the Emirates must present evidence of a negative PCR test taken 48 hours before departure. Unvaccinated travellers from the UK to Dubai may be required to have a Covid-19 PCR test on arrival.

Read the rules on travel to Dubai .

10. Slovenia

Unvaccinated British travellers to Slovenia must provide a Digital Passenger Locator Form, but are not required to show proof of a negative test or vaccination to enter.

You do not need to be fully vaccinated to visit Turkey, but you must be able to show proof of a negative PCR test (taken no more than 72 hours before entry), rapid antigen test (taken no more than 48 hours before entry), or proof of a recent recovery from Covid-19 within the last six months. Arrivals into the country should also show an online form completed 72 hours before travel and will be subject to a medical evaluation for symptoms of coronavirus, including temperature checks. Arrivals may be subject to random PCR testing on arrival.

Becky Lucas

Olivia Morelli

Anna Prendergast

Monisha Rajesh

You must wear a face mask at all times while in an airport and for the duration of all flights, to and from Turkey.

Read the rules on travel to Turkey .

Mexico  does not currently require visitors to show a negative PCR test or quarantine on arrival. Resorts are also able to request guests fill in a health questionnaire on arrival.

Read the rules on travel to Mexico .

13. Ireland

If you are travelling to Ireland as of Sunday 6 March 2022, you do not need to show any proof of vaccination, proof of recovery, negative test or passenger locator form.

Read the rules on travel to Ireland .

As of Friday 1 April 2022, UK travellers visiting Sweden are no longer required to present a negative Covid-19 test or proof of vaccination.

15. Seychelles

Travellers are able to enter Seychelles regardless of vaccination status, but must present a negative PCR test taken within 72 hours prior to departure for the country or a rapid antigen test done within 24 hours. There is no requirement to quarantine on arrival, but travellers must stay in approved accommodation.

16. Bahamas

Unvaccinated travellers aged 12 and over must show a negative PCR test taken no more than 72 hours prior to the date of arrival to The Bahamas. All visitors of any age must submit a Bahamas Travel Health Visa Trip application. Seventeen-year-olds and under must be included in a parent or guardian’s profile.

All travellers to Egypt must complete a declaration form before entering the country. Unvaccinated travellers are required to show either a negative PCR test, taken no more than 72 hours before arrival in Egypt, or a rapid antigen test. Proof of Covid-19 recovery will not be accepted.

18. Cape Verde

You do not need to be fully vaccinated to enter Cape Verde, but you do need to be able to prove that you don't have Covid, either with a negative PCR test taken 72 hours before departure for the country or a lateral flow test taken 48 hours, when you check-in for your flight to Cape Verde.

19. Iceland

On 25 February 2022 all Covid restrictions were removed, including domestic rules. This means you do not need to test or show proof of vaccination status to enter the country.

20. Luxembourg

All travellers to Luxembourg need to fill in a passenger locator form before their flight. Those who are not vaccinated need to show proof of a negative PCR test taken no more than 48 hours before their flight, or a negative lateral flow test taken no more than 24 hours before. If you’re not fully vaccinated but have tested positive for Covid in the last year you can show proof of recovery to enter.

The travel restrictions upon entry into Norway have been lifted, which means that the same rules as before the pandemic now apply.

Read the rules on travel to Norway .

22. Sri Lanka

Covid travel insurance is mandatory for all visitors, and unvaccinated travellers need to show proof of a negative PCR test taken no more than 72 hours before their flight, or a negative lateral flow test taken no more than 48 hours before – be aware that self-swab tests are not recognised.

23. South Africa

Travellers to South Africa must present proof of a negative PCR test taken no more than 72 hours before departure for the country. You may be screened on arrival.

Read the rules on travel to South Africa .

Unvaccinated travellers to Belize must present a negative PCR test taken within 72 hours before arrival, or a negative antigen test taken in the 48 hours before arrival. You may also opt to take a rapid test at the airport, at a cost of BZ$100 or US$50 (which must be paid in cash). If you test positive, you will be required to quarantine at your own cost. Foreign tourists are required to pay BZ$36 (US$18) for Belize Travel Health Insurance – this is mandatory even if you already have personal travel insurance and helps protect against incurred medical and non-medical expenses should you test positive for Covid during your stay in Belize.

There are no direct flights from the UK to Belize, so it's important to check the rules of the country you will be transiting through too.

25. Costa Rica

Since 1 April 2022 there have been no requirements for entry to Costa Rica in regards to coronavirus. However, the government acknowledges that these may be brought back at short notice, in which case travellers should always check guidance before their trip.

Since 6 April 2022, there have been no requirements for travellers from the UK to show either a Covid vaccination or Covid test when entering Cuba. However, random testing is still being carried out at airports, and anyone who tests positive will be moved to quarantine in a designated government health centre, at their own expense.

27. Denmark

There are no Covid-related requirements regarding test or self-isolation when entering Denmark.

Read the rules on travel to Denmark .

You do not need to show proof of vaccination to enter Monaco, however travellers over the age of 16 who are not fully vaccinated will need to provide either a negative result of a PCR or antigen test taken within the last 24 hours, or a certificate showing proof of recovery from Covid-19 (a positive PCR or antigen test, taken more than 11 days before arrival and within the last six months).

Do I have to quarantine when returning to the UK?

No. On 18 March 2022 all Covid travel rules within the UK were removed – which means that travellers do not need to test, quarantine or even fill in a passenger locator form , regardless of their vaccination status, upon return to the country.

• Credit cards
• View all credit cards
• Banking guide
• Loans guide
• Insurance guide
• Personal finance
• View all personal finance
• Small business
• Small business guide
• View all taxes

You’re our first priority. Every time.

We believe everyone should be able to make financial decisions with confidence. And while our site doesn’t feature every company or financial product available on the market, we’re proud that the guidance we offer, the information we provide and the tools we create are objective, independent, straightforward — and free.

So how do we make money? Our partners compensate us. This may influence which products we review and write about (and where those products appear on the site), but it in no way affects our recommendations or advice, which are grounded in thousands of hours of research. Our partners cannot pay us to guarantee favorable reviews of their products or services. Here is a list of our partners .

Ask a Travel Nerd: Can I Travel Without a COVID Vaccine?

Many or all of the products featured here are from our partners who compensate us. This influences which products we write about and where and how the product appears on a page. However, this does not influence our evaluations. Our opinions are our own. Here is a list of our partners and here's how we make money .

Table of Contents

Domestic travel for unvaccinated travelers

International travel for unvaccinated travelers, final thoughts on traveling without a covid vaccine.

Between constantly changing entry requirements, mandated quarantines, testing rules and vaccine provisions, traveling during the COVID-19 pandemic isn’t easy. If you’re not vaccinated, it's even harder. Some countries flat-out don’t admit unvaccinated travelers, while others require a mandatory quarantine and extra tests.

If you plan on traveling and aren't vaccinated, here’s what you need to know.

As recently as Jan. 12, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention continues to recommend delaying travel until you’re fully vaccinated.

Requirements are up to each city and state. For example, while Illinois doesn’t have statewide restrictions, its recommendations differ based on the daily COVID-19 case rates of the state the traveler is arriving from. Unvaccinated travelers arriving from states with higher case rates are encouraged to secure a negative COVID-19 test taken within 72 hours of travel to Illinois. At the city level, unvaccinated travelers going to Chicago are asked to get tested for COVID-19 before and after arrival and to quarantine upon arrival.

Meanwhile, all travelers 16 and older who enter California via Los Angeles International Airport, Van Nuys Airport or Los Angeles Union Station are required to fill out a City of Los Angeles Traveler Form, agreeing to follow CDC travel guidance — or face up to a $500 fine.

Other states may be more flexible and have no recommendations or requirements related to vaccination, quarantine, forms or testing for visitors.

Tips for traveling domestically without a vaccine

If the required time frame for getting a COVID-19 test ahead of travel is less than 24 hours, check if an urgent care center near you offers a rapid results option. In addition, check if a PCR and/or antigen test will be accepted. Generally, results from an antigen test can be provided faster. If you have insurance, the test may be covered.

Before heading to your intended destination, check the city and state requirements and recommendations, because they may differ (like Chicago and Illinois). Find out if your destination has any special requirements based on the state you’re arriving from.

Some businesses require proof of vaccination for entry. Be prepared to be turned away from restaurants, bars, stores and other establishments if this is the case.

Check if there are any ongoing testing requirements. For example, unvaccinated travelers staying in Puerto Rico longer than a week must submit weekly COVID-19 test results.

» Learn more: The majority of Americans plan to travel this year, according to recent NerdWallet study

Traveling internationally may present a greater number of obstacles, especially due to different systems and a potential language barrier. Some countries don't allow unvaccinated travelers to enter, period . For example, travel to the majority of European countries is possible only to those who are vaccinated. If you’re not vaccinated, make sure the country you want to visit will allow you entry.

In addition, before returning to the U.S., you’re required to provide proof of a negative COVID-19 test taken within one day of the flight's departure. While abroad, you’ll need to go to a COVID-19 testing center. Unlike getting tested in the U.S., COVID-19 tests abroad aren't covered by insurance, so you'll need to budget for the out-of-pocket cost .

Furthermore, you should book your accommodations wisely. Does the hotel you want to stay at allow unvaccinated guests? Will you be able to dine at the hotel restaurant? Can you use the spa or gym facilities? These are important questions you’ll need to consider before booking an international hotel stay.

Scrutinize your access to activities and other places you’d like to visit during your trip, too, like restaurants and museums. On my recent trip to Germany, I had to show my proof of vaccination and identification in every bar, restaurant, shop and hotel I entered.

If you’re unvaccinated, you may be refused entry to all these places, which can ruin your trip.

Tips for traveling internationally without a vaccine

Get travel insurance with Cancel For Any Reason coverage since entry requirements are changing constantly. What happens if you book a nonrefundable flight and hotel, and a week before your departure, your destination stops allowing in unvaccinated travelers? If you have travel insurance with CFAR, you’ll be able to cancel your trip and get your nonrefundable deposits back so long as changes aren’t made at the last minute. For example, with CFAR coverage from Berkshire Hathaway Travel Protection, "you may only be eligible if you purchase CFAR at the time of your base policy purchase, insure your full trip cost, and cancel more than 48 hours prior to departure," according to the company's website.

Confirm entry eligibility for your must-have experiences, like restaurants, museums, shopping malls or bars and clubs. Double-check that your hotel will allow you entry as well.

Research COVID-19 testing sites in the area before departure. Will you need to travel far to get your test? Consider travel time when making a test appointment.

Check if there's an app that your destination country uses that will accept your pre-departure negative COVID-19 test result. This step could make it easier to visit any bars, hotels, shops, restaurants and museums you’d like to check out.

Traveling domestically and internationally may pose a new set of challenges for those who are unvaccinated. Be sure to keep up to date with the latest requirements to make sure that your trip goes smoothly. International travel may result in many more difficulties, so if you’re not prepared to deal with all the uncertainties of being abroad, consider travel to a location within the U.S.

How to maximize your rewards

You want a travel credit card that prioritizes what’s important to you. Here are our picks for the best travel credit cards of 2023 , including those best for:

Flexibility, point transfers and a large bonus: Chase Sapphire Preferred® Card

No annual fee:   Bank of America® Travel Rewards credit card

Flat-rate travel rewards:  Capital One Venture Rewards Credit Card  

Bonus travel rewards and high-end perks: Chase Sapphire Reserve®

Luxury perks: The Platinum Card® from American Express

Business travelers: Ink Business Preferred® Credit Card

on Chase's website

1x-5x 5x on travel purchased through Chase Travel℠, 3x on dining, select streaming services and online groceries, 2x on all other travel purchases, 1x on all other purchases.

60,000 Earn 60,000 bonus points after you spend $4,000 on purchases in the first 3 months from account opening. That's $750 when you redeem through Chase Travel℠.

1.5%-6.5% Enjoy 6.5% cash back on travel purchased through Chase Travel; 4.5% cash back on drugstore purchases and dining at restaurants, including takeout and eligible delivery service, and 3% on all other purchases (on up to $20,000 spent in the first year). After your first year or $20,000 spent, enjoy 5% cash back on travel purchased through Chase Travel, 3% cash back on drugstore purchases and dining at restaurants, including takeout and eligible delivery service, and unlimited 1.5% cash back on all other purchases.

$300 Earn an additional 1.5% cash back on everything you buy (on up to $20,000 spent in the first year) - worth up to $300 cash back!

on Capital One's website

2x-5x Earn unlimited 2X miles on every purchase, every day. Earn 5X miles on hotels and rental cars booked through Capital One Travel, where you'll get Capital One's best prices on thousands of trip options.

75,000 Enjoy a one-time bonus of 75,000 miles once you spend $4,000 on purchases within 3 months from account opening, equal to $750 in travel.

An official website of the United States government

Here’s how you know

Official websites use .gov A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS A lock ( Lock A locked padlock ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

• Fact Sheets

Frequently Asked Questions: Guidance for Travelers to Enter the U.S.

Updated Date: April 21, 2022

Since January 22, 2022, DHS has required non-U.S. individuals seeking to enter the United States via land ports of entry and ferry terminals at the U.S.-Mexico and U.S.-Canada borders to be fully vaccinated for COVID-19 and provide proof of vaccination upon request.  On April 21, 2022, DHS announced that it would extend these requirements. In determining whether and when to rescind this order, DHS anticipates that it will take account of whether the vaccination requirement for non-U.S. air travelers remains in place.

These requirements apply to non-U.S. individuals who are traveling for essential or non-essential reasons. They do not apply to U.S. citizens, Lawful Permanent Residents, or U.S. nationals.

Effective November 8, 2021, new air travel requirements applied to many noncitizens who are visiting the United States temporarily. These travelers are also required to show proof of COVID-19 vaccination. All air travelers, including U.S. persons, must test negative for COVID-19 prior to departure. Limited exceptions apply. See  CDC guidance  for more details regarding air travel requirements.

Below is more information about what to know before you go, and answers to Frequently Asked Questions about cross-border travel.

Entering the U.S. Through a Land Port of Entry or Ferry Terminal

Q. what are the requirements for travelers entering the united states through land poes.

A:  Before embarking on a trip to the United States, non-U.S. travelers should be prepared for the following:

• Possess proof of an approved COVID-19 vaccination as outlined on the  CDC  website.
• During border inspection, verbally attest to their COVID-19 vaccination status. 
• Bring a  Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative  compliant border crossing document, such as a valid passport (and visa if required), Trusted Traveler Program card, a Department of State-issued Border Crossing Card, Enhanced Driver’s License or Enhanced Tribal Card when entering the country. Travelers (including U.S. citizens) should be prepared to present the WHTI-compliant document and any other documents requested by the CBP officer.

 Q. What are the requirements to enter the United States for children under the age of 18 who can't be vaccinated?

A:  Children under 18 years of age are excepted from the vaccination requirement at land and ferry POEs.

Q: Which vaccines/combination of vaccines will be accepted?

A:  Per CDC guidelines, all Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved and authorized vaccines, as well as all vaccines that have an Emergency Use Listing (EUL) from the World Health Organization (WHO), will be accepted.

Accepted Vaccines:

• More details are available in CDC guidance  here .
• 2 weeks (14 days) after your dose of an accepted single-dose COVID-19 vaccine;
• 2 weeks (14 days) after your second dose of an accepted 2-dose series;
• 2 weeks (14 days) after you received the full series of an accepted COVID-19 vaccine (not placebo) in a clinical trial;
• 2 weeks (14 days) after you received 2 doses of any “mix-and-match” combination of accepted COVID-19 vaccines administered at least 17 days apart.

Q. Is the United States requiring travelers to have a booster dose to be considered fully vaccinated for border entry purposes?

A:  No. The CDC guidance for “full vaccination” can be found here.

Q: Do U.S. citizens or lawful permanent residents need proof of vaccination to return to the United States via land POEs and ferry terminals?

A:  No. Vaccination requirements do not apply to U.S. citizens, U.S. nationals, or Lawful Permanent Residents (LPRs). Travelers that exhibit signs or symptoms of illness will be referred to CDC for additional medical evaluation.

Q: Is pre- or at-arrival COVID testing required to enter the United States via land POEs or ferry terminals?

A: No, there is no COVID testing requirement to enter the United States via land POE or ferry terminals. In this respect, the requirement for entering by a land POE or ferry terminal differs from arrival via air, where there is a requirement to have a negative test result before departure.

Processing Changes Announced on January 22, 2022 

Q: new changes were recently announced. what changed on january 22.

A:  Since January 22, 2022, non-citizens who are not U.S. nationals or Lawful Permanent Residents have been required to be vaccinated against COVID-19 to enter the United States at land ports of entry and ferry terminals, whether for essential or nonessential purposes. Previously, DHS required that non-U.S. persons be vaccinated against COVID-19 to enter the United States for nonessential purposes.  Effective January 22, all non-U.S. individuals, to include essential travelers, must be prepared to attest to vaccination status and present proof of vaccination to a CBP officer upon request. DHS announced an extension of this policy on April 21, 2022.

Q: Who is affected by the changes announced on January 22?

A: This requirement does not apply to U.S. citizens, U.S. nationals, or U.S. Lawful Permanent Residents. It applies to other noncitizens, such as a citizen of Mexico, Canada, or any other country seeking to enter the United States through a land port of entry or ferry terminal.

Q: Do U.S. citizens need proof of vaccination to return to the United States via land port of entry or ferry terminals?

A: Vaccination requirements do not apply to U.S. Citizens, U.S. nationals or U.S. Lawful Permanent Residents. Travelers that exhibit signs or symptoms of illness will be referred to CDC for additional medical evaluation. 

Q: What is essential travel?

A:  Under the prior policy, there was an exception from temporary travel restrictions for “essential travel.” Essential travel included travel to attend educational institutions, travel to work in the United States, travel for emergency response and public health purposes, and travel for lawful cross-border trade (e.g., commercial truckers). Under current policy, there is no exception for essential travel.

Q: Will there be any exemptions? 

A: While most non-U.S. individuals seeking to enter the United States will need to be vaccinated, there is a narrow list of exemptions consistent with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Order in the air travel context.

• Certain categories of individuals on diplomatic or official foreign government travel as specified in the CDC Order
• Children under 18 years of age;
• Certain participants in certain COVID-19 vaccine trials as specified in the CDC Order;   
• Individuals with medical contraindications to receiving a COVID-19 vaccine as specified in the CDC Order;
• Individuals issued a humanitarian or emergency exception by the Secretary of Homeland Security;
• Individuals with valid nonimmigrant visas (excluding B-1 [business] or B-2 [tourism] visas) who are citizens of a country with limited COVID-19 vaccine availability, as specified in the CDC Order
• Members of the U.S. Armed Forces or their spouses or children (under 18 years of age) as specified in the CDC Order; and
• Individuals whose entry would be in the U.S. national interest, as determined by the Secretary of Homeland Security.

Q: What documentation will be required to show vaccination status?

A:  Non-U.S. individuals are required to be prepared to attest to vaccination status and present proof of vaccination to a CBP officer upon request regardless of the purpose of travel.

The current documentation requirement remains the same and is available on the CDC website . Documentation requirements for entry at land ports of entry and ferry terminals mirror those for entry by air.

Q: What happens if someone doesn’t have proof of vaccine status?

A: If non-U.S. individuals cannot present proof of vaccination upon request, they will not be admitted into the United States and will either be subject to removal or be allowed to withdraw their application for entry.

Q: Will incoming travelers be required to present COVID-19 test results?

A: There is no COVID-19 testing requirement for travelers at land border ports of entry, including ferry terminals.

Q: What does this mean for those who can't be vaccinated, either due to age or other health considerations? 

A: See CDC guidance for additional information on this topic. Note that the vaccine requirement does not apply to children under 18 years of age.

Q: Does this requirement apply to amateur and professional athletes?

A: Yes, unless they qualify for one of the narrow CDC exemptions.

Q: Are commercial truckers required to be vaccinated?

A: Yes, unless they qualify for one of the narrow CDC exemptions. These requirements also apply to bus drivers as well as rail and ferry operators.

Q. Do you expect border wait times to increase?

A:  As travelers navigate these new travel requirements, wait times may increase. Travelers should account for the possibility of longer than normal wait times and lines at U.S. land border crossings when planning their trip and are kindly encouraged to exercise patience.

To help reduce wait times and long lines, travelers can take advantage of innovative technology, such as facial biometrics and the CBP OneTM mobile application, which serves as a single portal for individuals to access CBP mobile applications and services.

Q: How is Customs and Border Protection staffing the ports of entry? 

A: CBP’s current staffing levels at ports of entry throughout the United States are commensurate with pre-pandemic levels. CBP has continued to hire and train new employees throughout the pandemic. CBP expects some travelers to be non-compliant with the proof of vaccination requirements, which may at times lead to an increase in border wait times. Although trade and travel facilitation remain a priority, we cannot compromise national security, which is our primary mission. CBP Office of Field Operations will continue to dedicate its finite resources to the processing of arriving traffic with emphasis on trade facilitation to ensure economic recovery.

Q: What happens if a vaccinated individual is traveling with an unvaccinated individual?  

A:  The unvaccinated individual (if 18 or over) would not be eligible for admission.

Q: If I am traveling for an essential reason but am not vaccinated can I still enter?

A:  No, if you are a non-U.S. individual. The policy announced on January 22, 2022 applies to both essential and non-essential travel by non-U.S. individual travelers. Since January 22, DHS has required that all inbound non-U.S. individuals crossing U.S. land or ferry POEs – whether for essential or non-essential reasons – be fully vaccinated for COVID-19 and provide related proof of vaccination upon request.

Q: Are sea crew members on vessels required to have a COVID vaccine to disembark?

A:  Sea crew members traveling pursuant to a C-1 or D nonimmigrant visa are not excepted from COVID-19 vaccine requirements at the land border. This is a difference from the international air transportation context.

Entering the U.S. via Air Travel

Q: what are the covid vaccination requirements for air passengers to the united states  .

A:  According to CDC requirements [www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/travelers/noncitizens-US-air-travel.html | Link no longer valid], most noncitizens who are visiting the United States temporarily must be fully vaccinated prior to boarding a flight to the United States. These travelers are required to show proof of vaccination. A list of covered individuals is available on the CDC website.  

Q: What are the COVID testing requirements for air passengers to the United States?  

A:  Effective Sunday, June 12 at 12:01 a.m. ET, CDC will no longer require pre-departure COVID-19 testing for U.S.-bound air travelers.

• Border Security
• Transportation Security
• Airport Security
• Coronavirus (COVID-19)
• Customs and Border Protection (CBP)
• Transportation Security Administration (TSA)

clock This article was published more than  3 years ago

Can I travel without getting a vaccine?

I’m probably one of the last people who will get one of the coronavirus vaccines. I’m healthy and a little too young to be considered at risk.

But I want to travel soon. So, like a lot of other unvaccinated people with wanderlust, I’ve been wondering: Can I travel without being vaccinated?

Answer: It depends on where I want to go.

Most airlines currently allow passengers to fly unvaccinated. But some require a negative coronavirus test. Qantas , the Australian carrier, has announced that it will begin mandating proof of vaccination for international flights.

Hotels generally do not require a negative coronavirus test or a vaccination. The same goes for car rental companies and vacation rentals.

Most cruise lines are not operating. When they resume, at least one of them, U.K.-based Saga Cruises , will require passengers to have been vaccinated at least 14 days before sailing. Others are expected to follow suit.

Your vaccination status could also affect access at your next destination. Restaurants, concert venues and other attractions might require a negative test result or proof of vaccination. No one knows what will happen yet.

“I believe that once the vaccine is offered to the general public, proof of vaccination will be the golden ticket to travel,” says Sylvia Lebovitch, a lead travel adviser with Ovation Travel Group , “especially internationally.”

So who will need to be vaccinated? Which countries might require the shots? What kind of documentation will you have to show, and is there any way around that? While it may be too early to answer those questions with any certainty, that hasn’t stopped the experts from trying.

The most obvious barrier could be at the border.

“Some countries may start requiring vaccines for entry or visa requirements,” says Ben Carothers, a flight coordinator for Global Air Ambulance .

No country has announced a vaccine requirement yet. But Carothers says that based on previous outbreaks, it probably isn’t a question of if, but when countries will impose such rules.

“We’re already seeing so many travel shutdowns that a vaccine might be the only way to ensure travel internationally,” he says.

That could put some travelers in a difficult spot, experts say.

“No one can be forced to take a vaccine,” says Len Horovitz, a physician and pulmonary specialist at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York. “But not being vaccinated may shut some people out of options where a vaccination is required.”

Horovitz says travel without a vaccination or antibodies from a previous infection may raise the risk of contracting covid-19. And while masks offer some protection against infection, they don’t eliminate the threat.

“Most patients are becoming less hesitant to travel as they see people vaccinated without any appreciable side effects,” he says.

It’s difficult to predict which countries will require vaccination. “I would think it would be areas that have less access to medical vaccinations,” says Angie Licea, a division president at Internova Travel Group , a travel network. “Areas that might be more susceptible to individuals contracting the virus or spreading the virus, if not vaccinated.”

If you think requiring vaccination seems too intrusive, travel experts say you may need to think again.

“We have to remember that while this all seems new to us now, the reality is that travelers have been showing proof of vaccination or receiving travel vaccinations to enter certain destinations for decades — completely without concern,” says Ragan Stone, a travel adviser and owner of Ragan Stone Travel in Birmingham, Ala.

Will you need more than just a vaccine record? Yes, says Mariea Snell, assistant director of doctor of nursing practice programs at Maryville University in Missouri . The technology for tracking your vaccines, still under development, will need to do more than confirm your vaccinations.

“With the variations in efficacy between vaccines, it will be important to show what vaccine you received,” she says.

For now, a negative coronavirus test will probably be enough to get you on a plane or across a border. “But once the vaccination is widely available, if you want to travel internationally, there is a very high chance that you will be required to be vaccinated first,” says Narendra Khatri, CEO of Insubuy , a travel insurance company.

How soon that happens is anyone’s guess.

For travelers like me, it’s not a question of whether they can travel without vaccination, but how soon they can get the shots. I’m still waiting for my turn, but Steve Schumann just received his first shot and is already looking forward to traveling again. In 2019, he and his wife made three international trips, but they stayed home last year because of the pandemic.

“We would never think of traveling without the coronavirus vaccine,” says Schumann, a retired security manager from Hayward, Calif. He expects that by June most airlines will require passengers to have proof of vaccination before they can fly.

If that happens, it could throw our summer travel plans into chaos yet again and force many travelers to decide among Pfizer, Moderna — or a staycation.

Elliott is a consumer advocate, journalist and co-founder of the advocacy group Travelers United. Email him at [email protected] .

Read more from Travel :

Read past Navigator columns here

Your Life at Home

The Post’s best advice for living during the pandemic.

Health & Wellness: What to know before your vaccine appointment | Creative coping tips | What to do about Zoom fatigue

Newsletter: Sign up for Eat Voraciously — one quick, adaptable and creative recipe in your inbox every Monday through Thursday.

Parenting: Guidance for vaccinated parents and unvaccinated kids | Preparing kids for “the return” | Pandemic decision fatigue

Food: Dinner in Minutes | Use the library as a valuable (and free) resource for cookbooks, kitchen tools and more

Arts & Entertainment: Ten TV shows with jaw-dropping twists | Give this folk rock duo 27 minutes. They’ll give you a musically heartbreaking world.

Home & Garden: Setting up a home workout space | How to help plants thrive in spring | Solutions for stains and scratches

Travel: Vaccines and summer travel — what families need to know | Take an overnight trip with your two-wheeled vehicle

From vaccines to testing: What travelers need to know before the new US travel system on Nov. 8

• The U.S. is launching a new travel system on Nov. 8.
• Vaccinated foreign air travelers will need to show proof of full vaccination and test for COVID-19.
• The new travel system also adds more stringent testing requirements for unvaccinated U.S. travelers.

The United States is about to make it much easier for vaccinated international travelers to visit.  

The White House announced that a new air travel system will take effect Nov. 8, allowing entry for fully vaccinated foreign tourists .  The system is set to launch nearly two years after the U.S. began imposing travel restrictions to prevent the spread of COVID-19 . 

The move by the White House will essentially have the U.S. drop its travel ban on dozens of countries while also making entry more challenging for the unvaccinated. The new system will allow entry for foreign nationals only with vaccinations approved for emergency use by the World Health Organization and would add testing requirements for unvaccinated Americans.

Here’s what we know about the new travel requirements:

What are the entry requirements for foreign nationals?

Starting Nov. 8, non-citizen, non-immigrant air travelers   will need to show proof of full vaccination as well as a pre-departure negative coronavirus test taken within three days of travel before they can board a plane to the U.S. 

Learn more: Best travel insurance

Acceptable forms of proof of vaccination include:

• Digital or paper verifiable record, such as a vaccination certificate or a digital pass with a QR code.  
• Nonverifiable paper record, such as a printout of a COVID-19 vaccination record or COVID-19 vaccination certificate.
• Nonverifiable digital record, such as a digital photo of a vaccination card or record, downloaded vaccine record, downloaded vaccination certificate or a mobile phone application without a QR code.  

The U.S. will accept nucleic acid amplification tests, including PCR tests, and antigen tests. The rules will go into effect for passengers on planes leaving for the U.S. at or after 12:01 a.m. ET on Nov. 8.  

Airlines will collect basic personal contact information   from all U.S.-bound travelers for contact tracing. Airlines are required to keep the information on hand so the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention   can reach out to travelers who may have been infected or exposed to COVID-19.

Masking will be required, but there will be no quarantine mandate for vaccinated travelers or unvaccinated children .

► US  travel bans: How COVID-19 travel restrictions have impacted families and couples

The change will make entering the U.S. possible for travelers from countries now listed on the U.S. travel ban, which prohibits entry for travelers who have been in any of the regions within the past 14 days. The travel ban  took effect in early 2020 and includes :

• United Kingdom
• Republic of Ireland
• South Africa
• The European Schengen area (Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Monaco, San Marino and Vatican City)

Currently, the U.S. asks international air passengers only to get tested within three days of their flight to the U.S. and show either the negative test result or proof of recovery  from COVID-19 before boarding. 

What about the land borders with Mexico and Canada?

New travel rules will also take effect for foreign nationals arriving by land or passenger ferry.

Starting Nov. 8, fully vaccinated foreign nationals can cross the land borders for nonessential reasons such as tourism or visiting friends and family . These travelers will need to verbally attest to their reason for travel and vaccination status and be prepared to show proof of vaccination  upon request. U.S. Customs and Border Protection will accept both digital and paper records showing proof of vaccination, including documents not in English.   Foreign nationals will also need appropriate travel documentation to enter the country.  

CBP will spot-check travelers' vaccination documents, and those without documented proof of vaccination can be denied entry. Travelers under 18 will be exempt from the vaccination requirement as long as they are traveling with a fully vaccinated adult, according to Matthew Davies, CBP's executive director of admissibility and passenger programs.  

The new travel rules will go into effect as soon as a port of entry opens on Nov. 8, or at midnight for ports that operate 24 hours a day changes will go into effect at midnight on Nov. 8 for ports that operation 24 hours a day.  

U.S. citizens reentering the country should also bring a Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative document, such as a valid passport, trusted traveler program card, enhanced driver's license or enhanced tribal card. 

Entry rules along the border will change again in early January, with all travelers – including those traveling for essential purposes – required to show proof of full vaccination. 

► US land borders: Travelers in Mexico and Canada plan their next US visit after new land border policy announced

Which vaccines does the US accept for travel?

The CDC has announced that vaccines approved for emergency use by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and World Health Organization will be accepted for air travel. White House officials expect the CDC to approve the same vaccines for travelers entering the U.S. by land or ferry.  

The FDA has authorized three COVID-19 vaccines for emergency use during the pandemic: Moderna, Johnson & Johnson and Pfizer-BioNTech, the last of which has received the FDA's full stamp of approval.

Vaccines with WHO approval for emergency use include:

• Johnson & Johnson
• Pfizer-BioNTech
• Oxford-AstraZeneca/Covishield 

The CDC confirmed that it would accept a mix-and-match approach to vaccinations. Travelers who have any combination of FDA- or WHO-approved vaccines will be considered fully vaccinated.

The new travel policy does not accept foreign travelers who have had COVID and received just one shot in a two-dose series. White House press secretary Jen Psaki said Tuesday that the administration will "continue to review" its entry requirements.  

► Covaxin gets WHO emergency approval: Travelers vaccinated with Covaxin can enter US   

► 'You feel lonely and left out': These fully vaccinated travelers want to visit the US. They may not be allowed in.

How do the new rules affect kids? 

Foreign nationals under 18 are exempt from the vaccination requirement. Children under two will not need to take a pre-departure COVID test.

Kids 2 and older traveling with a fully vaccinated adult can test three days prior to departure, while children traveling alone or with unvaccinated adults will need to get tested within one day of departure. 

Currently, all air passengers 2 or older, including U.S. citizens and permanent residents, need to show a negative coronavirus test to fly to the U.S.

What are the entry requirements for Americans?

The new travel system adds more stringent testing requirements for unvaccinated U.S. travelers.

Starting Nov. 8, unvaccinated U.S. citizens and permanent residents will need to take a test one day before departure and test again upon arrival in the U.S. 

► New travel rules: What US travelers need to know about the new COVID rules for international flights

Entry requirements will not change for vaccinated Americans. They will still need to show proof of a negative coronavirus test taken no more than three days before departure. 

Americans will not need to be fully vaccinated to board international flights to the U.S.

Are there any exemptions?

There is a limited set of travelers who are exempt from the vaccine requirement for entry.

Children under 18, certain COVID-19 vaccine clinical trial participants and travelers with adverse reactions to the vaccines – such as people who have had severe anaphylactic allergic reactions to a prior COVID-19 vaccine –  will be exempt.

People traveling on non-tourist visas from countries with less than 10% of its population vaccinated who need to enter the U.S. for emergency or humanitarian reasons are also exempt from the vaccine requirement. There are about 50 countries considered to have low vaccine availability at this time.

These exempt travelers will generally need to show that they will comply with public health mandates, including a requirement to be vaccinated in the U.S. if they plan to stay more than 60 days.  

Unless they have recovered from COVID-19 within the last 90 days, unvaccinated travelers  must agree to be tested with a COVID-19 viral test three to five days after their arrival and quarantine for seven days, even if their post-arrival test comes back negative. 

Unvaccinated travelers who are not U.S. citizens or permanent residents must also agree to self-isolate if their post-arrival test is positive or if they develop COVID-19 symptoms. 

Unvaccinated children under 18 will not need to quarantine but will still need to take a post-arrival test. 

► Who is exempt?: These select groups of unvaccinated foreign travelers can enter the US

The CDC will not give exemptions  to people who object to the vaccinations due to religious or moral convictions. 

There will also be testing accommodations for travelers who can prove they recently recovered from the coronavirus. These travelers will need to show a positive COVID-19 viral test result on a sample taken no more than 90 days before their flight's departure and a letter from a licensed healthcare provider or public health official saying they are cleared for travel.  

Follow USA TODAY reporter Bailey Schulz on Twitter: @bailey_schulz . 

Protect Your Trip »

Where Can Americans Travel Right Now?

More than 100 countries currently allow U.S. citizens to visit, but some restrictions apply.

Getty Images

Travel is limited due to the coronavirus pandemic, but there are still some countries allowing American visitors.

The current global pandemic has many Americans rethinking the way they travel. Road trips and camping vacations have grown in popularity, as many Americans have discovered the country has more than its fair share of stunning natural landscapes, from the Grand Canyon to Acadia National Park. Some people have even created memorable vacations in their backyards.

However, if you're itching to leave the U.S., there are several countries around the world that will accept you (and your negative coronavirus test results), though some specific restrictions will apply. If you decide to travel, be sure to evaluate the risks and understand the safest ways to travel . You should also look out for yourself and others by taking necessary safety precautions and investing in one of the best face masks for travel .

Note that due to the pandemic, travel guidelines are constantly changing; you'll want to check your destination's official tourism website periodically before your trip. And, consider purchasing travel insurance , so you don't lose money if your U.S. passport is no longer accepted at the last minute.

Below are the countries that currently accept travelers from the United States. Note: As of Aug. 30, the European Union removed the U.S. from its safe list of countries and advised member countries to reinstate travel restrictions. However, it’s up to individual countries to decide on restrictions for incoming travelers, so keep an eye out for official announcements from any European destinations as things are changing quickly. If you decide to travel, you'll also want to check with the State Department for information on returning from your visit as there are some restrictions in place. As of Dec. 6, the CDC requires all passengers, regardless of vaccination status, traveling to the U.S. from a foreign country (including American citizens) to show proof of a negative COVID-19 test taken no more than one day before their flight. Travelers should also be aware that the State Department has updated travel advisories for dozens of countries to Level 4: Do Not Travel, warning Americans to reconsider international travel due to the ongoing pandemic. Visit the State Department website for additional details on travel advisories. (Note: All mentions of coronavirus tests refer to the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test unless otherwise stated. This information was accurate at the time of publication and will be updated as additional information becomes available.)

As of Sept. 6, U.S. citizens must now submit to testing when traveling to Albania. PCR tests must be taken within 72 hours of travel and antigen tests must be taken within 48 hours; negative results are required for entry. Fully vaccinated travelers can bypass these requirements as long as they show proof of vaccination (as can anyone who can prove they recovered from COVID-19 in the past six months). Expect health screening procedures in airports, and prepare to abide by social distancing guidelines and a curfew. Make note that on your return home, there are restrictions to what countries you can pass through, according to the embassy website .

[Read: The Best Hotels in Albania .]

This tiny country between France and Spain is open to U.S. citizens. In order to enter, you’ll either need to show proof of vaccination completed at least 14 days before arrival, proof of negative test results within 72 hours of arrival or proof of recovery from the coronavirus. For more information, visit the country’s FAQ website .

Americans can enter Angola as long as they show proof of a negative coronavirus test taken no more than 72 hours before traveling. Travelers must also fill out a Travel Registration Form and abide by screenings to enter. Visitors may also be required to test upon arrival and quarantine depending on the results. Find more information at the U.S. embassy website .

As of July 1, only travelers who can prove they have been fully vaccinated at least three weeks before arriving can visit Anguilla. They will have to apply for entry to the island before traveling and upload results from a negative coronavirus test taken two to five days before travel (or 48 hours prior to travel if taking an antigen test). Once on the island, they will be subject to another test and must stay at their accommodation until they receive a negative result. For more information, visit the U.S. embassy in Anguilla website or Anguilla’s tourism board website .

[Read: The Best Hotels in Anguilla .]

Antigua and Barbuda

Access to this Caribbean gem is contingent on a negative coronavirus test (for those older than 5) taken no more than four days prior to your flight. All arriving visitors must also prove they are fully vaccinated by an approved World Health Organization or Ministry of Health, Wellness and the Environment coronavirus vaccine. Travelers must also show proof of a negative PCR coronavirus test taken no more than four days before travel (or three days for a rapid antigen test). They may also be required to submit to testing upon arrival. American travelers will be subject to temperature checks and health screenings before being admitted into Antigua and Barbuda, no matter if they're coming from a plane, a cruise ship or another mode of transportation. They must also complete a Health Declaration Form prior to landing. Plus, masks are required in all public spaces. Find more specific information on the country's tourism website.

[Read: The Best Hotels in Antigua .]

All travelers regardless of vaccination status must provide proof of a negative coronavirus test taken no more than 72 hours before travel and complete an electronic sworn statement about their health 48 hours prior to travel. Unvaccinated travelers also have to complete a seven-day quarantine. For more information, visit the embassy website .

This western Asian country allows U.S. citizens to enter as long as they either present a negative coronavirus test taken no more than 72 hours prior to arrival, or agree to test upon arrival and quarantine until they receive negative results. Vaccine documentation cards are also accepted in lieu of a negative coronavirus test. Face masks are required in some public spaces throughout the country, but virtually every business is open in Armenia. Learn more about the pandemic atmosphere in the country at the U.S. Embassy in Armenia website or the Armenian government's travel restrictions website .

According to its website , which is updated frequently with information on travel restrictions, Aruba is welcoming U.S. vacationers to the island. However, entrance hinges on travelers' completion of an online embarkation/disembarkation card and a health assessment, plus a negative coronavirus test taken no more than one day before arrival (for everyone 12 and older). Fully vaccinated (and boosted) travelers can show proof of vaccination instead of testing. The booster shot is not required for vaccinated travelers younger than 18. If you’re flying JetBlue to Aruba, you have the option to take an at-home, saliva-based Vault PCR Molecular COVID-19 test. All U.S. travelers also must purchase Aruba Visitor Insurance to ensure they are covered if health issues arise during their stay. This insurance cost varies depending on each traveler's age and length of stay; to find out how much it costs, check out the Aruba Visitor Insurance calculator .

[Read: The Best Hotels in Aruba .]

Americans can enter this European nation without having to quarantine if they provide proof of vaccination and a booster shot. Those who are vaccinated but have not received a booster shot must provide proof of vaccination in addition to a negative test taken no more than 72 hours prior to travel. Those who are not vaccinated must present proof of a negative test taken no more than 72 hours before travel and quarantine for 10 days upon arrival at their own expense. Unvaccinated individuals are barred from entering most public venues in Austria including hotels, restaurants and museums. For additional info, see the embassy website .

[Read: The Best Hotels in Austria .]

The Bahamas

A popular tourist destination among stateside citizens, t he Bahamas are welcoming American visitors to the picturesque islands. Travelers must provide a negative COVID-19 test taken no more than 72 hours before arrival. This negative pretesting requirement extends to all travelers older than 11 (including vaccinated travelers). Visitors are also required to opt-in to health insurance that will cover them for the entirety of their stay (the cost of which depends on your vaccination status). Additionally, those who travel around the Bahamas without wearing face coverings will be subject to fines. Learn more about traveling details on the tourism website .

[Read: The Best Hotels in the Bahamas .]

U.S. citizens may travel to Bahrain without prior testing. However, all travelers older than 6 (aside from those who can prove they have recovered from COVID-19) must submit to and pay for a coronavirus test upon arrival. Travelers must also download the BeAware Bahrain app before travel. For more information, visit the embassy website .

U.S. citizens must take a COVID-19 test within 48 hours of traveling to Bangladesh and prove the negative results with the appropriate documentation in order to enter the country. Even with proof of a negative test, unvaccinated travelers must complete a 14-day home quarantine period upon arriving in the country. Visit this website to learn more about Bangladesh's entry and exit requirements.

As long as travelers (older than 5) complete a travel form online no less than 24 hours before their flight and provide a negative coronavirus test result taken within 72 hours of their entrance to the island, they can vacation in this Caribbean paradise. Starting Jan. 7, negative results from a rapid PCR test taken one day before travel will also be accepted. Even with a negative result in hand, travelers must quarantine in an approved hotel or villa for a minimum of three days at which time they can take another test to be released. Fully vaccinated travelers will still need to take a test prior to traveling, but they can skip the quarantine and the fourth day coronavirus test. They might still be randomly tested upon arrival at the airport as well. Visit the Barbados website for more information regarding traveling during the pandemic.

[Read: The Best Hotels in Barbados .]

U.S. citizens can travel to Belarus with some restrictions. Travelers need a negative coronavirus test no more than three days prior to arrival. Travelers will also be subject to health screenings, including temperature checks, at the port of entry. A seven-day self-quarantine is also required for unvaccinated travelers; vaccinated travelers can bypass quarantine. Note: The U.S. issued a Level 4: Do Not Travel warning for Belarus, and the nation’s land borders are closed to travelers. Visit the U.S. Embassy in Belarus website for additional information.

[Read: The Best Hotels in Belarus .]

As of Sept. 1, only vaccinated Americans can visit picturesque cities like Brussels , Bruges and Antwerp. A test no more than 72 hours prior to travel, a test upon arrival and a period of self-quarantine pending receipt of a negative test result are also required, as is a second test again on day seven. Travelers will have to complete a Passenger Locator Form and submit to health screenings at the airport. For more information, visit the embassy website .

[Read: The Best Hotels in Belgium .]

American travelers (anyone 5 and older) will be required to present a negative coronavirus test taken no more than 96 hours prior to departure to Belize. (Rapid antigen tests taken no more than 48 hours before arrival are also accepted.) If you don’t present a negative test, you’ll have to front a $50 fee (paid in cash) and take a test upon arrival. A negative test means visitors can proceed to their Gold Standard Hotel. As of Feb. 15, all travelers regardless of vaccination status must purchase health insurance from a local insurance company. Keep in mind, a curfew is in effect from 7 p.m. to 4 a.m. (9 p.m. until 4 a.m. in select areas). For more information, visit the Belize tourism website or the U.S. Embassy in Belize website .

Americans don’t need a test before traveling to this African nation, but they will be subject to a rapid test and a PCR test upon arrival. They must also undergo a third test on day 15 of their stay. For more information, visit the embassy website .

This Atlantic paradise welcomes Americans to its pristine beaches as long as the travelers (ages 2 and older) present negative results from a COVID-19 test taken no more than four days before arrival. As of Dec. 13, all travelers (ages 12 and older) must also be fully vaccinated to enter Bermuda . Vaccinated travelers who tested negative prior to traveling must then take an arrival test and quarantine until they receive negative results. If you are vaccinated but did not come prepared with a pre-arrival test, you must quarantine until you receive negative results from a test on day four of your trip. Visit the U.S. Consulate in Bermuda website for additional information. The Bermuda tourism board also has a website that outlines how to travel safely and responsibly to the island.

[Read: The Best Hotels in Bermuda .]

This country allows Americans to visit as long as they show proof of a negative coronavirus test taken no more than 72 hours before travel. Masks are required in public spaces, and travelers should expect health screenings at the airport. All unvaccinated visitors must test again 72 hours after arrival and quarantine until they receive negative results. Check for any updates on the embassy website .

Bonaire requires all visitors 13 and older to provide negative test results taken no more than 48 hours prior to travel. They must also complete a health declaration form, take a self-test upon arrival and take a test five days after arrival. Travelers who are not vaccinated must quarantine until they receive negative results from the test on day five. Bonaire considers the U.S. to be a high-risk country. Additional information is available on the <u class="rte2-style-underline">Bonaire crisis website</u> , which outlines specifics for travelers.

[Read: The Best Hotels in Bonaire .]

Bosnia and Herzegovina

The U.S. Embassy in Bosnia-Herzegovina states the country is open to American visitors as long as they can provide either proof of vaccination, proof of recovery from the coronavirus or proof of a negative COVID-19 test taken no more than 72 hours before entry.

Americans who provide proof of negative coronavirus test results taken no more than 72 hours before departure can travel to Botswana. All visitors are also subject to a rapid antigen test upon arrival. Visitors should expect some restrictions on interstate travel between the country's different zones. For more information visit the country’s U.S. Embassy website .

Travelers from the U.S. (older than 12) must show proof of vaccination as well as a negative test taken no more than 72 hours before boarding the plane to Brazil. They must also complete a Traveler’s Health Declaration form. There are some health screening procedures in place at airports but no required quarantine period upon arrival. Visit the U.S. Embassy in Brazil website for more information.

British Virgin Islands

These picturesque islands are now open for visitors. Any unvaccinated Americans (over age 5) planning to travel here must first show proof of a negative test taken three to five days prior to arrival. Completion of and payment for travel authorization certificate is also required. Unvaccinated visitors must be tested upon arrival, quarantine for seven days, and submit to a test on day seven, the results of which will determine if they can travel around the islands. Vaccinated travelers must show proof of a negative test taken no more than five days before arrival, but they can bypass quarantine and will not need to fill out the authorization certificate. For more information, visit the U.S. embassy website .

[Read: The Best Hotels in the British Virgin Islands .]

Americans can once again travel from the U.S. to Bulgaria for tourism purposes. Bulgaria considers the U.S. a “red zone” country, so Americans must show either proof of vaccination, proof of recovery or proof of a negative coronavirus test taken no more than 72 hours prior to travel in order to enter. To see the list of exceptions, visit the U.S. embassy in Bulgaria website .

Travelers from the U.S. must obtain a visa to travel to Cambodia. The country has suspended its visa-on-arrival program until further notice, but travelers can now obtain visas online prior to travel. Travelers to Cambodia must be fully vaccinated and they must take a test 72 hours prior to arrival as well as upon arrival. Keep tabs on updates via the embassy website .

As of Aug. 9, vaccinated American travelers can travel to Canada. Visitors to this northern nation must be fully vaccinated with a Canada-approved vaccine (Pfizer, Moderna, J&J or AstraZeneca) and submit proof electronically through the ArriveCAN app. They must also show proof of a negative coronavirus test taken no more than 72 hours prior to entering. Select travelers may also be chosen at random to complete a test upon arrival. Americans can fly to Canada or choose to cross at a land border. Anyone who submits false vaccination records can be fined up to $750,000 and potentially face jail time. For more information, check out the Canadian government updates here .

Travelers from the U.S. can visit Cape Verde as long as they provide proof of a negative test (either PCR or antigen) taken no more than 72 hours before travel. There are no quarantine requirements upon arrival. For more information, visit the embassy website .

Americans can enter Chad as long as travelers over age 12 show proof of a negative coronavirus test taken no more than 72 hours prior to traveling. They must also pay $40 for a test upon arrival. Travelers staying for more than seven days must take another test at their own expense. For more information, visit the embassy website .

Chile has reopened to American travelers as long as they can show proof of a negative coronavirus test (only PCR tests are accepted) taken within 72 hours of boarding the final flight to Chile. They must also obtain a Mobility Pass prior to arrival, part of which includes uploading proof of full vaccination; these passes can take two to three weeks to obtain, so it’s best to apply early. They also need to show a completed Affidavit of Travelers electronic form and proof of health insurance. Travelers must quarantine for five days upon arrival. For more information, visit the U.S. Embassy in Chile website .

U.S. citizens over age 18 must present proof of vaccination to enter Colombia. Testing is only required in certain situations, such as if a traveler is only partially vaccinated. However, the U.S. Embassy in Colombia website states travelers should be prepared for further health screening upon arrival.

This Central American country, favored by Americans for its lush landscape and pristine beaches, welcomes all U.S. citizens. (Previously, only residents of select states were allowed entry.) Costa Rica no longer requires visitors to submit a negative COVID-19 test taken less than 72 hours before their visit. However, visitors are required to purchase or show proof of medical insurance to cover any possible coronavirus-related costs they may incur and complete health pass forms, according to the U.S. Embassy in Costa Rica website . As of Aug. 1, the health insurance requirements are waived for those younger than 18 and for any American traveler who can provide a vaccination card. The Costa Rican government also holds authority to shorten the length of tourists’ stays. Additional details are available on Costa Rica's tourism board website as well.

Côte d’Ivoire

As long as American travelers come prepared with a completed Air Travel Declaration Form and proof of a negative coronavirus test taken no more than five days before travel, they can enter Côte d’Ivoire. For more information, visit the U.S. embassy website .

Americans are once again allowed to visit Croatia, with some restrictions. You must show proof of a negative coronavirus test taken no more than 72 hours (or 48 for antigen test) prior to arrival or take a test upon arrival and quarantine while awaiting results. If you’re fully vaccinated, you can provide proof of vaccination instead of a test. Or, if you can prove you have recovered from the coronavirus within the past 12 to 270 days, you won’t need to provide test results. Also, you must provide documented evidence of an accommodation paid in advance. If you can’t prove vaccination, recovery or a negative test, you must take an arrival test and quarantine for 10 days. Visit the Croatian government's specific COVID-19 website to learn more about how the country is dealing with the pandemic.

[Read: The Best Hotels in Croatia .]

Americans are permitted to enter Curacao as long as they show negative test results taken within 48 hours of departure. Travelers must also have insurance and complete an online immigration card as well as a Health Department passenger locator card before traveling. A test on the third day is also required. Keep in mind there is a curfew in place from midnight until 4:30 a.m. every night. Additional details are available on the U.S. Embassy in Curacao website .

[Read: The Best Hotels in Curacao .]

Vaccinated individuals may travel from the U.S. to Cyprus as long as they provide proof of vaccination (or recovery from coronavirus). If you are not vaccinated, you must show proof of a negative test taken no more than 72 hours prior to travel and take another test upon arrival at the airport; you’ll also have to quarantine for seven days at your own expense. All travelers must have an approved Cyprus Flight Pass and are subject to random testing upon arrival at their own expense. For more information, visit the embassy website .

Czech Republic

The Czech Republic has reopened to American travelers as long as they complete a Personal Locator Form. Travelers who are vaccinated and have received the booster can bypass the pre-travel coronavirus test. (The country considers a vaccine valid as long as it has been nine months since the final dose.) Those who haven’t received the booster or are completely unvaccinated must show proof of a negative test taken prior to travel. There are no quarantine requirements nor travel restrictions within the country. However, many public establishments require visitors to show proof of vaccination or negative tests. For the most up to date information, visit the Ministry of the Interior website .

[Read: The Best Hotels in Czech Republic .]

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Travelers to this Central African country who are 11 or older must provide proof of a negative COVID-19 test taken no more than three days prior to departure. They will be subject to another test upon arrival in the Congo and must quarantine until they receive another negative result. Proof of health and medical evacuation insurance is also required in addition to completion of a form. There are also exit requirements in place: Travelers must present negative test results taken no more than three days before leaving the country. All required tests will be paid out-of-pocket by travelers. Visit this website for the most up-to-date information.

Vaccinated Americans can enter this Scandinavian country without testing or quarantine. Unvaccinated visitors must submit to testing upon arrival and quarantine for 10 days (or they can end quarantine early with a negative test on day six). For more information, head to the embassy website or to Denmark’s designated COVID-19 protocol page .

[Read: The Best Hotels in Denmark .]

Americans traveling to Djibouti must test negative for coronavirus no more than 72 hours before boarding the plane and no more than 120 hours before arriving in Djibouti. Passengers will be subject to health screenings and a rapid COVID-19 saliva test for $30 upon arrival. Only travelers who test negative will be allowed to enter the country; those who test positive will either depart on the next flight or enter isolation and treatment. Learn more by visiting the U.S. Embassy in Djibouti website .

Americans are allowed to visit Dominica if they answer a health questionnaire and present proof of a negative COVID-19 test taken no more than 72 hours prior to arrival. Unvaccinated travelers will be antigen tested upon arrival and required to quarantine at a government facility or government-approved hotel for at least five days. They’ll be subject to a test on day five; if negative, travelers will be considered medically cleared and free to explore. Fully vaccinated Americans must upload a vaccination certificate and complete an online form in addition to the required testing. They will also submit to antigen testing upon arrival (for $100), and if results are negative, no quarantine is necessary. Additional info on health and safety protocols for travelers is available here . More details are also available on the U.S. Embassy in Dominica website .

[Read: The Best Hotels in Dominica .]

Dominican Republic

American travelers are permitted to visit this island nation, whose popular tourism spots include Punta Cana , Puerto Plata and Santo Domingo , with few restrictions. While the country doesn't require a negative coronavirus test before visiting, travelers will be chosen at random for coronavirus tests upon arrival at the port of entry. If you have proof of a negative coronavirus test or proof of vaccination, you will be exempt from these random tests. Health screening procedures, such as temperature checks, are also in place. Travelers must also state they haven’t experienced any COVID-related symptoms in the last 72 hours and provide contact details for the next 30 days in the form of a Traveler’s Health Affidavit. There are curfews in place around the island, but times vary by location. The latest visitor information is available on the tourism board's website .

[Read: The Best Hotels in Punta Cana ; the Best Hotels in Puerto Plata ; the Best Hotels in Santo Domingo .]

American travelers visiting Ecuador must present proof of vaccination or proof of a negative COVID-19 PCR test or rapid antigen taken within three days of their arrival. A health declaration is also required. Passengers who show COVID-19 symptoms will be evaluated by health officials (regardless of a negative test) and may be subject to isolation and further testing. Alternatively, fully vaccinated travelers can show proof of vaccination instead of negative test results. If you’re looking to visit the Galápagos Islands, you’ll need proof of a negative PCR test taken no more than 72 hours before arrival (if you are 16 or older), and you’ll need to complete a transit control card. Learn more about protocols in Ecuador on the U.S. embassy website .

If you're visiting Egypt from America, you'll need to present physical proof of a negative COVID-19 test taken ideally no more than 72 hours before arrival. Travelers who arrive without proof of a negative test must be tested upon arrival and quarantine until they receive a negative test result. There is no required quarantine for American travelers. Learn more about specific interstate travel restrictions on the embassy website .

El Salvador

This Central American country no longer requires U.S. citizens (2 and older) to take a negative COVID-19 test to enter. Visitors will also be subject to various medical screenings at their port of entry before beginning their travels through El Salvador. There is no required quarantine period for U.S. travelers, according to the U.S. Embassy in El Salvador website .

Equatorial Guinea

U.S. citizens are allowed to visit Equatorial Guinea without any need for quarantine upon arrival as long as they provide proof of a negative coronavirus test taken no more than 48 hours before arrival in the country, according to the U.S. Embassy website . An exit PCR test is required as well.

Estonia is open to Americans with some restrictions. Vaccinated passengers with documented proof can bypass all testing and quarantine requirements. Unvaccinated individuals can only travel to Estonia for an approved purpose (not for tourism), and they will have to undergo testing and quarantine. Visit the embassy website for more information.

Travelers to this East African country must present a negative COVID-19 test taken no more than 120 hours prior to flying, according to the embassy website . There are health screenings in place at the ports of entry, and if any traveler exhibits coronavirus-like symptoms, they will be taken to temporary isolation. Even with proof of a negative test, travelers must quarantine for seven days upon arrival. Note: Travel to Ethiopia is not advised, as the U.S. has placed the country on the Level 4: Do Not Travel list due to civil unrest and terrorism concerns.

Travelers can once again visit France and pay a visit to the Louvre, the Palace of Versailles, wine regions, beaches and numerous other attractions. Entry will be granted to travelers who have completed a full vaccination course and show proof of vaccination at the airport. Unvaccinated or partially vaccinated travelers from a list of orange countries (which includes the U.S.) can also enter France only if they have a compelling reason for travel. (See details on what is classified as a compelling reason here.) Unvaccinated travelers must provide proof of a negative PCR test performed 48 to 72 hours before departure. All travelers must complete a French Health Pass as well. For more information, visit the embassy website .

[Read: The Best Hotels in France .]

French Polynesia

Vaccinated Americans can visit idyllic islands like Tahiti , Mo'orea and Bora Bora . They must present a negative COVID-19 test result, taken no more than 24 hours prior to departure, to their airline. They are then subject to testing upon arrival. Vaccinated travelers do not have to quarantine but unvaccinated travelers must isolate for seven days. They must also receive prior authorization to travel to French Polynesia. Additional forms may also be required. Learn more about the current French Polynesian COVID-19 protocols on the tourism website .

Americans can travel to this west African country as long as they provide proof of a negative coronavirus test taken no more than five days prior to travel. Visitors must also take a test upon arrival at their own cost ($36) and quarantine until they receive a negative result. For more information, visit the U.S. Embassy website .

American travelers to The Gambia must provide proof of a negative coronavirus test taken no more than 72 hours prior to arrival. They will also be subject to a rapid test upon arrival, as the U.S. is considered a hot spot country. There are no quarantine restrictions. Learn more on the U.S. Embassy in The Gambia website .

Unvaccinated visitors to the country of Georgia must provide proof of a negative test taken no more than 72 hours before arrival, get a follow-up PCR test taken on the third day (at their own expense) and submit a form with contact info and travel history details. Those who don’t test on the third day run the risk of getting fined more than $600, according to recent reports. Vaccinated American travelers can enter without proof of a test, but they must show documentation confirming they have received two full doses of the vaccine. For more information, visit the U.S. embassy website .

Americans must be fully vaccinated to travel to Germany. If not fully vaccinated, they must have an important reason for traveling to Germany – tourism is not considered important. Travelers must show either proof of vaccination, proof of recovery or proof of a negative coronavirus test taken no more than 48 to 72 hours prior to traveling. For more information, visit the country’s Federal Foreign Office coronavirus website .

[Read: The Best Hotels in Germany .]

Americans looking to travel to Ghana must provide proof of a negative COVID-19 test taken no more than 72 hours before leaving for their trip. Additional health screenings are in place upon arrival in Ghana, and all arriving passengers must take another rapid COVID-19 test for $150 to fully enter the country (paid for at their own expense online; travelers must present proof of this to the airline before boarding). Learn more about what your trip to Ghana will look like on the U.S. Embassy website .

Travelers from the U.S. will be happy to know they can now enter this scenic country, known for its historic cities and vibrant islands. Travelers older than 5 must present results from a negative coronavirus test taken no more than 72 hours before arriving in Greece or a rapid antigen test no more than 24 hours before arrival. Everyone must also complete a Passenger Locator Form prior to entering the country. Travelers should note that many restaurants, stores and nightclubs in Greece have started requiring proof of vaccination to enter. For more information, visit the U.S. Embassy in Greece website .

[Read: The Best Hotels in Greece .]

All visitors to Grenada must show proof of a negative test taken no more than 72 hours prior to arrival. All visitors must also apply for a Travel Authorization Certificate online to enter the country. Vaccinated individuals traveling must show proof of vaccination. Unvaccinated visitors 13 or older must test upon arrival and quarantine at an approved accommodation until they receive negative results, allowing them to move around Grenada . Find out more on the Grenada entry protocol website .

[Read: The Best Hotels in Grenada .]

In addition to partaking in health screenings at ports of entry and completing a health pass form online, U.S. citizens traveling to Guatemala who are 10 or older must present proof of a negative coronavirus test taken no more than 72 hours before arrival. They must also show proof that their second vaccine dose was administered more than two weeks prior. Once in the country, visitors won't have to quarantine, and there are no restrictions on travel within Guatemala, according to the embassy website .

Those traveling from the U.S. to Guinea must provide proof of a negative coronavirus test taken no more than 72 hours prior to arrival. If a traveler fails to provide proof, they will be tested upon arrival and required to quarantine for two weeks. Learn more on the embassy website .

Americans planning to visit Guyana must provide proof of a negative test taken no more than 72 hours before traveling. Visitors age 12 and older must also show proof of full vaccination. Before arrival in this South American country, visitors must also complete a passenger locator form to ensure easy contact tracing in the case of infection. For more information, visit the U.S. embassy website .

Commercial flights from the United States to Haiti are now operating, although keep in mind this island nation is labeled with a Level 4 advisory from the State Department, due to crime, kidnapping and civil unrest. Passengers are required to provide a negative PCR or antigen coronavirus test result taken no more than 72 hours before boarding a flight to Haiti. Travelers are subject to health screenings upon arrival and may be contacted up to three times based on the information disclosed in their health declaration to monitor for signs of disease, according to the embassy website .

Americans will need a negative coronavirus test taken no more than 72 hours before travel and a completed immigration form to enter Honduras. (If fully vaccinated, travelers can present a vaccine card in lieu of test results.) Visitors should note there will be health screenings in place at the airport, curfews around the country, and restrictions on certain essential activities, such as shopping. Learn more about what your trip to Honduras will look like on the U.S. Embassy website or visit the Honduras government website for additional details.

Vaccinated Americans can enter Iceland as long as they provide proof of vaccination, proof of a negative coronavirus test (either a rapid test or PCR test) and complete a preregistration form. Unvaccinated travelers can only enter for essential reasons or under specific circumstances. If unvaccinated individuals have previously tested positive for COVID-19 and recovered, they can visit Iceland with proof of a negative coronavirus test result and a completed preregistration form. For more information on traveling to Iceland, see the country's guide to travel or visit the government's official website .

[Read: The Best Hotels in Iceland .]

Americans can venture across the pond to Ireland after showing proof of full vaccination or recovery from the coronavirus within the past 180 days in addition to proof of a negative test taken no more than 72 hours prior to travel. Those who enter without a test can face fines and even jail time. There are no quarantine requirements. However, keep in mind Ireland officials advise against all nonessential travel. See up-to-date information on the Ireland tourism board website .

[Read: The Best Hotels in Ireland .]

As of Jan. 9, U.S. citizens are allowed to enter Israel provided they are fully vaccinated and boosted (or they have recovered from the coronavirus). They must also complete an entry statement form and show negative results from a test taken no more than 72 hours (24 if antigen test) prior to travel. For more information, visit the country’s Ministry of Health website or the U.S. embassy website. For more information, visit the country’s Ministry of Health website or the U.S. embassy website .

As of Aug. 30, vaccinated Americans with proof of immunization (or recovery) and a negative (molecular or antigen) coronavirus test taken within 72 hours of travel can visit Italy. American travelers must also complete a self-declaration form. Those who are not vaccinated must abide by the same testing requirements and quarantine for five days upon arrival. They can leave quarantine if they test negative on the fifth day. For more information, visit Italy’s government website or the U.S. embassy website .

[Read: The Best Hotels in Italy .]

Anyone over the age of 12 traveling to Jamaica from the U.S. will need to provide proof of a negative COVID-19 test from an accredited medical lab (can be a PCR test, a Nucleic Acid Amplification test, an RNA or molecular test, or an antigen test) taken no more than 72 hours before arrival. They must also apply for travel authorization within seven days of their trip. The country has established “resilient corridors” which include destinations like Negril and Montego Bay; quarantine requirements differ depending if you stay inside or outside of the corridor, according to the tourism board website .

[Read: The Best Hotels in Jamaica .]

As long as travelers from the U.S. provide proof of a negative coronavirus test taken no more than 72 hours before arrival and submit to a second test upon arrival at their own expense, they can enter Jordan. Health insurance to cover any coronavirus related expenses is also required for every visitor. For more information, visit the U.S. Embassy in Jordan website .

As long as they can provide proof of a negative COVID-19 test taken within 72 hours of arriving in the country and arrive without a fever or cough, trouble breathing and flu-like symptons, Americans can travel to Kenya for touristic purposes. According to the embassy website , there are health screenings, including temperature checks, in place at the Kenyan airports as well.

Travelers to Kosovo must present either proof of full vaccination, proof of partial vaccination paired with a negative test, proof of recovery within the last 90 days or a negative test taken no more than 48 hours prior to travel. There are no quarantine requirements. Visitors should also expect medical screenings at the airport. Learn more about travel in Kosovo on the U.S. embassy website .

Visitors to Kyrgyzstan must provide proof of a negative test taken no more than 72 hours before arrival. There are also health screenings in place at airports, but there are no daily restrictions or curfews in place. For more information, visit the embassy website .

American travelers coming from the U.S. can only enter Latvia for tourism purposes if they can prove they are fully vaccinated. Testing is not required. To learn more about entrance to Latvia, visit the embassy website .

Lebanon allows people to travel from the United States as long as they provide proof of a negative COVID-19 test taken within 48 hours of traveling to this Middle Eastern country. Vaccinated travelers can bypass testing requirements. However, there are travel restrictions in place throughout the country as well as a curfew, as stated on the embassy website .

To enter Liberia, visitors must complete a health screening arrival form online and pay $75 for a coronavirus test to be taken upon arrival in Liberia. Authorities recommend completing the payment online before arrival. They will also be subject to temperature checks at the Liberian airports. However, there is no required quarantine period nor restrictions on interstate travel. A tourist visa is required for travel, according to the embassy website .

Lithuania is welcoming only vaccinated U.S. tourists. Vaccination is considered valid as long as it has been less than 270 days since the final dose. There are no testing or quarantine requirements website .

U.S. citizens are only allowed to visit Luxembourg if they are fully vaccinated. For the most up to date information, visit the embassy website .

Many resorts and hotels have reopened in the Maldives, and American travelers can experience a once-in-a-lifetime vacation here after providing proof of a negative COVID-19 test taken no more than 96 hours before arrival. They must also complete a Traveler Health Declaration form. For more information, visit the country's tourism board updates page .

[Read: The Most Beautiful Maldives Resorts .]

Only vaccinated Americans are permitted to visit Malta. Travelers must provide their CDC vaccination card and fill out a public health form. As of Aug. 1, vaccination cards must be approved through the VeriFLY app. If you arrive without a vaccination card, you’ll be subject to testing and forced to quarantine for 14 days at a government-mandated hotel (or otherwise face a fine). Find the most up-to-date information on the embassy website .

Americans can visit this island nation as long as they provide proof of negative test results taken within 72 hours of travel. They must also stay in an approved resort . Unvaccinated visitors must remain in their hotel room (meals will be delivered to you) for 14 days, with tests on day seven and day 14. Vaccinated visitors are allowed to move about the island after testing negative on day seven. After day 14, all visitors can explore the island. For more information, visit the embassy website .

Americans can embark on a vacation in Mexico without taking a COVID-19 test prior to traveling. While travel across the land border between the U.S. and Mexico remains limited to essential trips, nonessential travel has resumed via air. Travelers will be subject to health screenings upon arrival and should note there are some cities around the country that have curfews and other health restrictions in place. Additionally, cases are on the rise in some Mexico states, so be sure to travel with caution. Learn more about traveling while in Mexico at the embassy website .

[Read: The Best Hotels in Mexico .]

This Eastern European country is now open to American travelers as long as they provide proof of a negative coronavirus test taken no more than 72 hours before travel. Those who can provide proof of COVID-19 vaccination or proof of recovery are exempt from the testing requirements. There are no quarantine requirements or travel restrictions once in the country. For more information, visit the embassy website .

Anyone entering this ritzy city-state from the U.S. must show either proof of full vaccination course, proof of recovery from coronavirus (between 11 days and six months prior). For more information, visit Monaco’s government website .

A negative COVID-19 test or a coronavirus antibody test taken no more than 72 hours prior to arrival is required for Americans visiting Montenegro. (Those who are vaccinated do not have to take a test but must show proof that vaccination occurred at least seven days prior to traveling. A positive antibody test can also replace proof of PCR test.) Visitors should be careful not to stop in any of the banned countries before arriving in Montenegro, though. Find the restricted countries on the Institute of Public Health in Montenegro website .

Morocco, the African country most frequented by tourists, has reopened to Americans. Visitors must show proof of a negative test taken no more than 48 hours prior to travel and submit to rapid antigen testing upon arrival. Learn more about the rules applying to specific travelers on the embassy website ; additional info is available on the Morocco tourism board website as well.

Tourists (ages 5 and older) entering Namibia must provide a negative COVID-19 test performed no more than 72 hours before their initial flight, according to the embassy website . There are additional health screenings in place at airports but no restrictions on travel within the country once a tourist has passed all these tests.

As long as you show proof of a negative coronavirus test taken no more than 72 hours prior to boarding your flight, you can visit Nepal from the U.S. Travelers must also show proof of insurance as well as a tourist visa. Read more on the embassy website .

The Netherlands

The Netherlands considers the U.S. a “very high-risk” country, so American travelers can only enter the country if they can show proof of full vaccination and proof of a negative coronavirus test taken no more than 72 hours prior to travel. They must also quarantine for 10 days, unless they test negative on day five.

[Read: The Best Hotels in Netherlands .]

Americans are allowed to enter Nicaragua as long as they provide proof of a negative coronavirus test taken no more than 72 hours before entry. . For more information, visit the U.S. embassy website .

Visitors to Niger must present a negative COVID-19 test result taken no more than 72 hours prior to landing in this West African country. The embassy website also states American visitors will be subject to medical screening measures upon entry.

American travelers older than 10 must provide negative COVID-19 test results taken within the previous 48 hours before departure to this country. Fully vaccinated travelers can show proof of immunization instead of testing. They must also sign a health declaration before traveling and pay out of pocket for a retest after spending seven days in Nigeria, according to the embassy website .

North Macedonia

As of Sept. 1, American travelers must provide either a COVID-19 vaccination certificate, a negative PCR test taken within 72 hours prior to travel or a certificate of recovery issued within the previous 45 days. They may be subject to medical screening at the airport, according to the embassy website .

Before jetting off to this sunny Central American nation, travelers must present their Electronic Health Affidavit, according to the tourism website . However, unvaccinated visitors must show proof of a negative coronavirus test taken within 72 hours of their trip. If the test is expired, travelers will be subject to further testing at the airport at their own cost. They also have to quarantine in a hotel for 72 hours. Note that upon arrival, there are additional health screening measures in place, including temperature checks.

You can travel from the U.S. to Paraguay without any quarantine requirements as long as you can show proof of vaccination. Unvaccinated visitors are not permitted to enter. For more information, visit the embassy website .

Americans can enter Peru as long as they provide results of a negative real-time COVID-19 test, a negative antigen test result or a medical certificate of epidemiological discharge no more than 48 hours old. Proof of vaccination can be presented in lieu of test results. Health screenings are also in place at airports. For more information, visit the embassy website .

Philippines

Americans can now travel to the Philippines if they have valid visas. Vaccinated visitors must show proof of vaccination and a negative test taken no more than 48 hours prior to travel. Unvaccinated American visitors must abide by the same testing requirements, complete a facility-based quarantine and submit to repeat testing on the fifth day. For more information, visit the Philippine Airlines website .

Americans are allowed to travel to Poland as long as they can show proof of negative test results taken no more than 24 hours before landing in Poland. A seven-day quarantine is mandatory except for those who provide a negative antigen or PCR test taken within 24 hours of crossing the border and are considered fully vaccinated (or recovered). For more information, visit the embassy website .

U.S. citizens can visit Portugal’s charming cities and scenic coastline as long as they show proof of a negative coronavirus test taken no more than 72 hours (or 48 hours for antigen tests) before arrival, regardless of vaccination status. Rules may differ in the Azores and Madeira, so be sure to check for updates on your specific destination. Stay up to date on the regulations – which are reviewed every two weeks – by visiting the embassy website .

[Read: The Best Hotels in Portugal .]

Puerto Rico

American travelers who show proof of vaccination and submit a completed Travel Declaration Form are free to explore the island, according to the tourism board website . Unvaccinated travelers must show proof of a negative test taken no more than 48 hours prior to arrival. Anyone who doesn’t test within this time period must quarantine for seven days. Travelers will have to follow rules in public spaces regarding social distancing and mask-wearing. It’s also important to note that proof of vaccination is required at many public establishments across the island.

[Read: The Best Hotels in Puerto Rico .]

All travelers to Qatar must take a negative coronavirus test no more than 72 hours prior to boarding. Once in the country, unvaccinated American travelers must quarantine for five days. If vaccinated, you can bypass quarantine requirements. For more information, see the country’s Ministry of Public Health website or the U.S. embassy website .

Americans visiting Romania must either show proof of immunization, proof of recovery within the last 180 days or proof of a negative test taken no more than 72 hours before arrival. Those who show proof of a negative test must also quarantine for five days. Vaccinated visitors can bypass these testing and quarantine requirements. For more information, visit the Romania tourism board website .

Americans can travel to Russia as long as they provide proof of a negative coronavirus test taken no more than two days prior to travel and obtain a travel visa. There is no required quarantine upon arrival, but each local jurisdiction can set its own quarantine requirements. Note if not flying directly to Russia, Americans must transit through certain government-approved countries to be allowed entry. Keep in mind, the U.S. State Department still discourages travel to Russia due to terrorism and has placed a Level 4 Do Not Travel warning on the country. For more information on applying for a tourist visa and traveling to Russia, visit the U.S. embassy website .

While American tourists are allowed to visit Rwanda, the country's government goes to great lengths to reduce the spread of coronavirus from tourism, according to the embassy website . First, tourists must present negative coronavirus test results taken within 72 hours of their trip, and they must fill out a Passenger Locator Form, which details their passport information and travel plan. Upon arrival, Americans will partake in health screenings at their port of entry, and will then travel to a designated transit hotel as they await the results of a second COVID-19 test (paid at their own expense). Self-isolation is required until the results of this second test prove to be negative.

Saudi Arabia

All travelers regardless of vaccination status must show proof of a negative test taken no more than 48 hours prior to arrival in Saudi Arabia. While in the country, vaccinations and booster shots are required to enter most public spaces. For the most up-to-date information, visit the embassy website .

U.S. citizens entering Senegal from the states must provide negative coronavirus test results taken no more than five days before their arrival. Proof of immunization is accepted in lieu of test results. Health screenings are also in place at Senegal's ports of entry. Use the guidelines provided on the embassy website to plan your trip to Senegal.

This Balkan nation is allowing American visitors as long as they provide results of a negative coronavirus test taken no more than 48 hours before arrival (or proof of vaccination). To curb the spread of coronavirus, many businesses and restaurants operate under restricted hours. Learn more at the embassy website .

[Read: The Best Hotels in Serbia .]

This pristine group of islands off the coast of Africa has opened its doors to American travelers who obtain a Health Travel Authorization visa and can show proof of a negative coronavirus test taken 72 hours prior to travel. Visit the Seychelles tourism board website for more information.

Sierra Leone

Before visiting Sierra Leone, Americans must show negative COVID-19 test results received no more than a week before departure. American travelers should also be prepared to take two COVID-19 tests upon arrival – a rapid diagnostic blood sample test and a diagnostic nasal swab test. The tests cost $80 at the traveler’s expense. For more information about Sierra Leone’s policies, visit the embassy website .

Singapore allows Americans to visit as long as they show proof of a negative test taken no more than 48 hours before arrival. They must also submit to testing upon arrival. Americans can apply to the Vaccinated Travel Lane and, if approved, they will not face quarantine restrictions. In order to apply for the VTL, travelers must be vaccinated. Learn more at the embassy website or on Singapore’s government website .

Sint Maarten

Vaccinated American travelers who have received a booster can enter the Dutch Sint Maarten without testing. Those who are vaccinated but not boosted – and those who are unvaccinated – must show proof of a negative coronavirus test taken no more than 48 hours prior to travel. Everyone must complete an EHAS application to enter. For more information, visit the country’s government website .

Americans can travel to Slovakia without prior testing. However, unvaccinated travelers will be subject to a five-day quarantine upon arrival. Vaccinated travelers are exempt from quarantine. Learn more on the country’s immigration website .

South Africa

This popular African vacation destination is once again open to American visitors. Any travelers to South Africa will need to present a negative COVID-19 test taken no more than 72 hours before departure. If they don’t provide test results, they will be required to quarantine at their own cost. There is a nightly curfew in place, and social distancing is strictly enforced. Note: The U.S. Department of State has moved South Africa, as well as some other nearby countries, to the Level 4: Do Not Travel list due to concerns about the omicron variant. For more information about what your trip to South Africa will look like, visit the embassy website .

South Korea

Travelers from the United States are permitted to visit South Korea as long as they show proof of a negative coronavirus test taken within 48 hours of travel. There is a mandatory seven-day quarantine requirement, but select travelers may apply for quarantine exemptions. Travelers must also answer daily health questions through a mobile app to help the government monitor the spread of disease. Learn more at the embassy Learn more at the embassy website .

Vaccinated American travelers can now sip sangria and sample tapas in this popular European vacation destination. Testing is not required, but as of Sept. 6 showing proof of vaccination is mandatory to visit Spain. American travelers also need to obtain a QR code from the online Spain Travel Health portal to gain entry. For more information and updates, visit the U.S. embassy in Spain website .

[Read: The Best Hotels in Spain .]

Sri Lanka is now open to American citizens, providing they show proof of a negative coronavirus test taken no more than 72 hours before arrival. There will be health screenings in place at the airport and there are curfews in different regions throughout the country. Vaccinated individuals can stay anywhere in the country, but unvaccinated people must stay for eight days and seven nights at an approved accommodation. They can only visit specified tourist sites. For more information, visit the country’s official protocol website .

Fully vaccinated Americans can visit St. Barts as long as they show proof of a negative coronavirus test taken no more than 72 hours before traveling. Visit the embassy website for more travel specifics.

St. Kitts & Nevis

As of May 29, only fully vaccinated American travelers can enter St. Kitts & Nevis. Previously, all Americans could enter but restrictions changed as a result of new coronavirus cases on the island. (Note: Unvaccinated travelers 18 or younger can still enter the country if they’re traveling with fully vaccinated guardians.) Travelers must complete a travel authorization form by uploading proof of vaccination as well as negative coronavirus test results taken no more than 72 hours before traveling. They also must vacation in place for until they receive negative results from their arrival test. The St. Kitts tourism website and the Nevis tourism website are frequently updated with information regarding entry.

[Read: The Best Hotels in St. Kitts & Nevis .]

Armed with a negative coronavirus test taken no more than five days before their trip to St. Lucia , Americans (5 and older) can visit this picturesque island nation. Before arrival, travelers will have to fill out a travel registration form, confirm reservations at a certified property and upload their negative test results in an online portal. Travelers must also adhere to the medical screening procedures at the country's airport and unvaccinated travelers must stay in place at an approved facility for at least 14 days or the duration of their vacation. However, fully vaccinated travelers are free to leave their hotels and explore the island. Visit the embassy website or the tourism board website before traveling to learn more specifics.

[Read: The Best Hotels in St. Lucia .]

This Caribbean nation allows Americans to visit as long as they provide negative test results taken no more than 120 hours prior to departure, depending on which airport they’ll be flying to. In addition, travelers must fill out a mandatory health authorization application prior to departure. St. Maarten also requires travelers to have health insurance coverage that will cover COVID-19 related expenses. Unvaccinated travelers must quarantine for seven days upon arrival, but vaccinated travelers can bypass this requirement. Find more details on the U.S. embassy website and the country’s entrance website, which is frequently updated with the most recent travel entry requirements.

[Read: The Best Hotels in St. Martin – St. Maarten .]

St. Vincent and the Grenadines

Americans looking to visit St. Vincent and the Grenadines will be subject to many coronavirus tests, according to the embassy website . The first must be taken no more than 72 hours before arrival in the island nation. If you are unvaccinated, another test might be administered upon arrival and a 14-day quarantine period in an approved hotel is mandatory. Visitors must take another test between four and seven days after arrival, then continue to vacation in place.

[Read: The Best Hotels in St. Vincent and the Grenadines .]

Americans can enter this Nordic country as long as they show proof of vaccination and show proof of negative test results taken no more than 48 hours prior to travel. There are no quarantine requirements. For more information, visit the embassy website .

Switzerland

This popular tourist destination is open to Americans who complete an entry form, show proof of vaccination and provide proof of a negative coronavirus test. If you are not vaccinated, you cannot enter solely for tourism purposes. To enter many public spaces, everyone needs a Swiss vaccine certificate; you can use the information provided here to apply for a certificate. For more up to date information, visit the embassy website or the Swiss government website .

[Read: The Best Hotels in Switzerland. ]

American tourists visiting Tanzania will be required to partake in health screenings upon arrival. They must also provide proof of a negative coronavirus test taken no more than three days before arrival in the country. Visit the U.S. Embassy in Tanzania website before planning a trip here.

Thailand is now open to all vaccinated visitors and has no quarantine requirements in place. However, before traveling, you must book a stay in a government-approved hotel for the first and fifth nights of your trip; you’ll also need to prepay for two coronavirus tests. Visitors must also show proof of a negative test taken no more than 72 hours prior to arrival. For more information, visit the U.S. embassy website. For more information, visit the country’s official tourism website .

Trinidad and Tobago

As of July 17, fully vaccinated American travelers are permitted to enter Trinidad and Tobago. They must take present a negative coronavirus test result for entry and register for a travel pass at least 72 hours prior to arrival; visitors will be subject to health screenings upon arrival as well. For more information, visit the embassy website.

[Read: The Best Hotels in Trinidad and Tobago .]

This North African country, known for its Mediterranean climate, is now open to American visitors. Americans must show proof of a negative coronavirus test taken no more than 72 hours before arrival. Additionally, visitors will be required to complete a 14-day self-quarantine before setting out to explore Tunisia (or they can test out of quarantine on the seventh day). Travelers should also note there is a nationwide curfew from 10 p.m. until 5 a.m. every night. Learn more on the embassy website .

Unvaccinated American visitors to Turkey must show proof of a negative test taken no more than 72 hours before their flight. Vaccinated travelers can bypass testing by showing their vaccine cards. Passengers will also be required to fill out an entry form within 72 hours of their flights. Note: Many establishments in Turkey require guests to be fully vaccinated to enter. Learn more about travel to Turkey on the embassy website .

[Read: The Best Hotels in Turkey .]

Turks and Caicos

A popular vacation spot among Americans, Turks and Caicos allows visitors from the states as long as all travelers older than 16 are fully vaccinated. Everyone must also show proof of a negative coronavirus test taken no more than 72 hours prior to arrival. Travelers also must share health information in the form of a questionnaire. Learn more about COVID-19 in Turks and Caicos on the country's tourism website .

[Read: The Best Hotels in Turks and Caicos .]

Americans can travel to Uganda if they provide proof of a negative coronavirus test taken no more than 120 hours before departure. They also must take another test upon arrival at their own expense and quarantine until results are available. For more information, visit the U.S. embassy website .

Americans entering Ukraine must show either proof of a negative test taken no more than 72 hours before travel, proof of a negative rapid antigen test or proof of vaccination. They must also demonstrate they have adequate health insurance to cover any coronavirus costs before entering the country, according to the U.S. embassy in Ukraine website .

[Read: The Best Hotels in the Ukraine .]

United Arab Emirates

All travelers arriving from the U.S. must still show proof of a negative coronavirus test taken no more than 72 hours before arrival. Each emirate has differing quarantine requirements for incoming travelers. There are advanced medical screening measures in place at the ports of entry. Additionally, there are varying measures and interstate travel restrictions in place depending which emirate you're traveling to. To help safely plan your trip to the UAE, visit the embassy website .

United Kingdom

Fully vaccinated Americans must provide proof of vaccination and a passenger locator form to enter the U.K. Unvaccinated travelers must provide proof of a negative test taken no more than 48 hours prior to arrival and pay for another test to be taken within two days after arrival. Many major airports in the U.K. offer walk-in or drive-thru testing sites at the airport so you can test upon arrival and receive your result within 24 hours. For more information, visit the U.K.’s coronavirus website .

[Read: The Best Hotels in England ; the Best Hotels in Wales ; the Best Hotels in Scotland ; the Best Hotels in Northern Ireland .]

U.S. Virgin Islands

Americans can visit this U.S. territory in the Caribbean after showing proof of a negative COVID-19 test result taken within five days of travel and providing their travel authorization certificate from the USVI Travel Screening Portal. Tests are required for all travelers 5 and older. Upon arrival, all U.S. Virgin Islands visitors will have their temperature taken and must complete a traveler screening questionnaire. Visit this website for more information on traveling here.

[Read: The Best Hotels in the U.S. Virgin Islands .]

Americans can visit this country in Central Asia after providing proof of a negative coronavirus test taken no more than 72 hours prior to traveling. Additional health screenings are in place at ports of entry but there are no quarantine requirements. For more information, visit the embassy website .

Americans can now enter Venezuela as long as they come prepared with a negative coronavirus test taken within 48 hours of arrival in this South American country. There are no curfews or quarantine requirements in place. For more information, visit the embassy website .

Zambia now allows all international travelers to enter the country. Those visiting from America need to show a negative COVID-19 test result taken within 72 hours of travel. If you exhibit coronavirus symptoms upon arrival, you'll be subject to a 14-day quarantine period in a government-appointed area. Learn more about travel to Zambia on the embassy website .

Americans can travel to Zimbabwe after taking a coronavirus test and receiving a negative result issued no more than 48 hours prior to arrival. There is no required quarantine for travelers (in most cases) but there is a daily curfew from 6:30 p.m. until 6 a.m. There are also restrictions in public spaces like restaurants. For more information, visit the embassy website .

Domestically

Keep in mind, you don't need to leave the country to have a memorable vacation. While international destinations are tempting, there are plenty of enjoyable places to safely vacation around the U.S. Trade the Maldives for Maui, Hawaii , the Swiss Alps for Vail, Colorado , or an African safari for an adrenaline-filled Jeep ride through the desert of Sedona, Arizona . You can even find many lesser-known destinations around the country – such as St. Augustine, Florida ; Leavenworth, Washington; or Holland, Michigan – that feel more like Europe than America.

Choosing a domestic vacation has its perks, especially during a pandemic. You won't have to worry about visa restrictions, issues with entry or last-minute country closures ruining your trip. (Though note some states are imposing their own travel restrictions and quarantine rules.) Not to mention, you might find a little slice of paradise close to home that you can continue to visit.

You may also be interested in:

• The 15 Best Face Masks for Travel
• Where Can You Travel if You're Vaccinated?
• When Will Cruises Resume?
• Is It Safe to Travel? How to Vacation Safely During the COVID-19 Pandemic
• The Best Travel Insurance Companies
• The Cheapest Travel Insurance Companies
• What to Do If Your Flight is Canceled

Tags: Coronavirus , Vacation Ideas , Travel Tips

World's Best Places To Visit

• # 1 South Island, New Zealand
• # 4 Bora Bora

If you make a purchase from our site, we may earn a commission. This does not affect the quality or independence of our editorial content.

You May Also Like

The best carry-on backpacks.

Rachael Hood , Erin Evans , Catriona Kendall , Amanda Norcross and Leilani Osmundson March 29, 2024

Best Chicago Boat Tours

Holly Johnson and Marisa Méndez March 29, 2024

The Best Alaska Cruises for Families

Gwen Pratesi March 29, 2024

The 14 Best Maui Tours

John Rodwan March 28, 2024

Monos vs. Away Comparison Charts

Rachael Hood and Amanda Norcross March 28, 2024

The Best Weekender Bags for Women

Rachael Hood , Erin Evans , Catriona Kendall , Amanda Norcross and Leilani Osmundson March 27, 2024

What to Pack in a Carry-on Bag

Rachael Hood March 27, 2024

15 Best Nashville Tours

Lyn Mettler March 26, 2024

The Best NYC Helicopter Rides and Tours

The 6 Best Kauai Helicopter Tours

Holly Johnson and Marisa Méndez March 25, 2024

An official website of the United States government

Here’s how you know

Official websites use .gov A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS A lock ( Lock Locked padlock icon ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

COVID-19 international travel advisories

If you plan to visit the U.S., you do not need to be tested or vaccinated for COVID-19. U.S. citizens going abroad, check with the Department of State for travel advisories.

COVID-19 testing and vaccine rules for entering the U.S.

• As of May 12, 2023, noncitizen nonimmigrant visitors to the U.S.  arriving by air  or  arriving by land or sea  no longer need to show proof of being fully vaccinated against COVID-19. 
• As of June 12, 2022,  people entering the U.S. no longer need to show proof of a negative COVID-19 test . 

U.S. citizens traveling to a country outside the U.S.

Find country-specific COVID-19 travel rules from the Department of State.

See the  CDC's COVID-19 guidance for safer international travel.

LAST UPDATED: December 6, 2023

Have a question?

Ask a real person any government-related question for free. They will get you the answer or let you know where to find it.

You are using an outdated browser. Upgrade your browser today or install Google Chrome Frame to better experience this site.

Think Travel Vaccine Guide

As a health care provider, be sure to prepare your globe-trotting patients for travel by providing a quick pretravel risk assessment, consultation, and care. THINK TRAVEL:

• Ask your patients if they plan on any international travel .
• Make sure they are up- to- date on all routine vaccines before their trip.
• Hepatitis A
• Hepatitis B
• Yellow fever
• Japanese encephalitis
• Meningococcal diseases

For destination-specific vaccine recommendations, search CDC’s Destination pages.

Think about...

*Travelers may also need routine (non-travel) vaccines or boosters before travel including influenza; measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR); tetanus (Td or Tdap); varicella; pneumococcus; and polio. Check CDC’s Destination Pages for country-specific vaccine recommendations.

File Formats Help:

• Adobe PDF file
• Microsoft PowerPoint file
• Microsoft Word file
• Microsoft Excel file
• Audio/Video file
• Apple Quicktime file
• RealPlayer file
• Zip Archive file

Exit Notification / Disclaimer Policy

• The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website.
• Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website.
• You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link.
• CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website.

• KAYAK for Business NEW

Italy Travel Restrictions

Traveler's COVID-19 vaccination status

Traveling from the United States to Italy

Open for vaccinated visitors

COVID-19 testing

Not required

Not required for vaccinated visitors

Restaurants

Not required in public spaces and public transportation.

Italy entry details and exceptions

Ready to travel, find flights to italy, find stays in italy, explore more countries on travel restrictions map, destinations you can travel to now, dominican republic, netherlands, philippines, puerto rico, switzerland, united arab emirates, united kingdom, know when to go.

Sign up for email alerts as countries begin to open - choose the destinations you're interested in so you're in the know.

Can I travel to Italy from the United States?

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Italy.

Can I travel to Italy if I am vaccinated?

Fully vaccinated visitors from the United States can enter Italy without restrictions.

Can I travel to Italy without being vaccinated?

Unvaccinated visitors from the United States can enter Italy without restrictions.

Do I need a COVID test to enter Italy?

Visitors from the United States are not required to present a negative COVID-19 PCR test or antigen result upon entering Italy.

Can I travel to Italy without quarantine?

Travelers from the United States are not required to quarantine.

Do I need to wear a mask in Italy?

Mask usage in Italy is not required in public spaces and public transportation.

Are the restaurants and bars open in Italy?

Restaurants in Italy are open. Bars in Italy are .

Situation in Haiti March 29, 2024

U.s. citizens in haiti, update january 10, 2024, information for u.s. citizens in the middle east.

• Travel Advisories |
• Contact Us |
• MyTravelGov |

Find U.S. Embassies & Consulates

Travel.state.gov, congressional liaison, special issuance agency, u.s. passports, international travel, intercountry adoption, international parental child abduction, records and authentications, popular links, travel advisories, mytravelgov, stay connected, legal resources, legal information, info for u.s. law enforcement, replace or certify documents.

Travel.State.Gov Newsroom

U.S. Passports News

International Travel News

U.S. Visas News

Intercountry Adoption News and Notices

Share this page:

Update on Change to U.S. Travel Policy Requiring COVID-19 Vaccination for nonimmigrant travel

Worldwide Visa Operations: Update

Employment-Based Fourth Preference (EB-4) Announcement

Suspension of Visa Services in Sudan

Diversity Visa 2024 Update

Nonimmigrant Visa Fee Increases to Take Effect June 17, 2023

India EB-3 Retrogression

Expiration of Covid-Era Visa Application Fee Receipts

Digital Visa Authorization (DVA) Proof of Concept

Final Rule Governing Public Charge Grounds of Visa Ineligibility

Visa Waiver Travel for Israeli Citizens

Important Update on Waivers of the Interview Requirement for Certain Nonimmigrant Visa Applicants

Department of State to Process Domestic Visa Renewals in Limited Pilot Program

The Administration will end the COVID-19 vaccine requirements for international air travelers at the end of the day on May 11, the same day that the COVID-19 public health emergency ends. This means starting May 12, noncitizen nonimmigrant air passengers will no longer need to show proof of being fully vaccinated with an accepted COVID-19 vaccine to board a flight to the United States. CDC’s Amended Order Implementing Presidential Proclamation on Safe Resumption of Global Travel During the COVID-19 Pandemic will no longer be in effect when the Presidential Proclamation Advancing the Safe Resumption of Global Travel During the COVID-19 Pandemic is revoked .

Please see: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2023/05/01/the-biden-administration-will-end-covid-19-vaccination-requirements-for-federal-employees-contractors-international-travelers-head-start-educators-and-cms-certified-facilities/

External Link

You are about to leave travel.state.gov for an external website that is not maintained by the U.S. Department of State.

Links to external websites are provided as a convenience and should not be construed as an endorsement by the U.S. Department of State of the views or products contained therein. If you wish to remain on travel.state.gov, click the "cancel" message.

You are about to visit:

An official website of the United States government

Here’s how you know

Official websites use .gov A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS A lock ( Lock A locked padlock ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Vaccines for Travelers

Vaccines protect travelers from serious diseases. Depending on where you travel, you may come into contact with diseases that are rare in the United States, like yellow fever. Some vaccines may also be required for you to travel to certain places.

Getting vaccinated will help keep you safe and healthy while you’re traveling. It will also help make sure that you don’t bring any serious diseases home to your family, friends, and community.

On this page, you'll find answers to common questions about vaccines for travelers.

Which vaccines do I need before traveling?

The vaccines you need to get before traveling will depend on few things, including:

• Where you plan to travel . Some countries require proof of vaccination for certain diseases, like yellow fever or polio. And traveling in developing countries and rural areas may bring you into contact with more diseases, which means you might need more vaccines before you visit.
• Your health . If you’re pregnant or have an ongoing illness or weakened immune system, you may need additional vaccines.
• The vaccinations you’ve already had . It’s important to be up to date on your routine vaccinations. While diseases like measles are rare in the United States, they are more common in other countries. Learn more about routine vaccines for specific age groups .

How far in advance should I get vaccinated before traveling?

It’s important to get vaccinated at least 4 to 6 weeks before you travel. This will give the vaccines time to start working, so you’re protected while you’re traveling. It will also usually make sure there’s enough time for you to get vaccines that require more than 1 dose.

Where can I go to get travel vaccines?

Start by finding a:

• Travel clinic
• Health department
• Yellow fever vaccination clinic

Learn more about where you can get vaccines .

What resources can I use to prepare for my trip?

Here are some resources that may come in handy as you’re planning your trip:

• Visit CDC’s travel website to find out which vaccines you may need based on where you plan to travel, what you’ll be doing, and any health conditions you have.
• Download CDC's TravWell app to get recommended vaccines, a checklist to help prepare for travel, and a personalized packing list. You can also use it to store travel documents and keep a record of your medicines and vaccinations.
• Read the current travel notices to learn about any new disease outbreaks in or vaccine recommendations for the areas where you plan to travel.
• Visit the State Department’s website to learn about vaccinations, insurance, and medical emergencies while traveling.

Traveling with a child? Make sure they get the measles vaccine.

Measles is still common in some countries. Getting your child vaccinated will protect them from getting measles — and from bringing it back to the United States where it can spread to others. Learn more about the measles vaccine.

Find out which vaccines you need

CDC’s Adult Vaccine Quiz helps you create a list of vaccines you may need based on your age, health conditions, and more.

Take the quiz now !

Get Immunized

Getting immunized is easy. Vaccines and preventive antibodies are available at the doctor’s office or pharmacies — and are usually covered by insurance.

Find out how to get protected .

Get Vaccinated Before You Travel

It’s important to plan ahead to get the shots required for all countries you and your family plan to visit.

Protect your child and family when traveling in the United States or abroad by:

• Getting the shots required for all countries you and your family plan to visit during your trip
• Making sure you and your family are up-to-date on all routine U.S. vaccines
• Staying informed about travel notices and alerts and how they can affect your family’s travel plans

Avoid getting sick or coming back home and spreading the disease to others.

Vaccinate at least a month before you travel

See your doctor when you start to plan your trip abroad. It’s important to do this well in advance.

• Your body needs time to build up immunity.
• You may need several weeks to get all the doses of the vaccine.
• Your primary doctor may not stock travel vaccines. Visit a travel medical clinic .
• You’ll need time to prepare for your pre-travel appointment .
• If the country you visit requires a yellow fever vaccine , only a limited number of clinics have the vaccine and will probably be some distance from where you live. You must get it at least 10 days before travel.

Find out which vaccines are recommended or required for the countries you plan to visit .

TIP : Save time by getting routine vaccines during the same doctor visit. Use the Vaccine Self-Assessment Tool and discuss the results with your doctor. It tells you which U.S. recommended vaccines you (19 years and older) or your child (birth – 18 years) might need.

Last-minute travelers

When traveling to another country be aware your doctor may not carry a travel vaccine and you may have to visit a medical clinic.

Many travel vaccines require multiple shots or take time to become fully effective. But some multiple-dose vaccines (like hepatitis A) can still give you partial protection after just one dose. Some can also be given on an “accelerated schedule,” meaning doses are given in a shorter period of time.

• Discover and learn about specific diseases that can affect you while traveling
• What to do if you get sick after traveling
• Vaccines & Immunizations

Exit Notification / Disclaimer Policy

• The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website.
• Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website.
• You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link.
• CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website.

What we know about the container ship that crashed into the Baltimore bridge

• The ship that crashed into the Francis Scott Key Bridge on Tuesday was the Singapore-flagged Dali.
• The container ship had been chartered by Maersk, the Danish shipping company. 
• Two people were recovered from the water but six remain missing, authorities said.

A container ship crashed into a major bridge in Baltimore early Tuesday, causing its collapse into the Patapsco River.

A livestream showed vehicles traveling on the Francis Scott Key Bridge just moments before the impact at 1:28 a.m. ET.

Baltimore first responders called the situation a "developing mass casualty event" and a "dire emergency," per The Associated Press.

James Wallace, chief of the Baltimore Fire Department, said in a press conference that two people had been recovered from the water.

One was uninjured, but the other was transported to a local trauma center in a "very serious condition."

Wallace said up to 20 people were thought to have fallen into the river and some six people were still missing.

Richard Worley, Baltimore's police chief, said there was "no indication" the collision was purposeful or an act of terrorism.

Wes Moore, the governor of Maryland, declared a state of emergency around 6 a.m. ET. He said his office was in close communication with Pete Buttigieg, the transportation secretary.

"We are working with an interagency team to quickly deploy federal resources from the Biden Administration," Moore added.

Understanding why the bridge collapsed could have implications for safety, in both the shipping and civil engineering sectors.

The container ship is the Singapore-flagged Dali, which is about 984 feet long, and 157 feet wide, per a listing on VesselFinder.

An unclassified Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency report said that the ship "lost propulsion" as it was leaving port, ABC News reported.

The crew notified officials that they had lost control and warned of a possible collision, the report said, per the outlet.

The Dali's owner is listed as Grace Ocean, a Singapore-based firm, and its manager is listed as Synergy Marine, which is also headquartered in Singapore.

Shipping news outlet TradeWinds reported that Grace Ocean confirmed the Dali was involved in the collapse, but is still determining what caused the crash.

Related stories

Staff for Grace Ocean declined to comment on the collision when contacted by Business Insider.

"All crew members, including the two pilots have been accounted for and there are no reports of any injuries. There has also been no pollution," Synergy Marine said in a statement.

The company did not respond to a request for further comment from BI.

'Horrified'

Maersk chartered the Dali, with a schedule for the ship on its website.

"We are horrified by what has happened in Baltimore, and our thoughts are with all of those affected," the Danish shipping company said in a statement.

Maersk added: "We are closely following the investigations conducted by authorities and Synergy, and we will do our utmost to keep our customers informed."

Per ship tracking data, the Dali left Baltimore on its way to Colombo, the capital of Sri Lanka, at around 1 a.m., about half an hour before the crash.

The Port of Baltimore is thought to be the largest in the US for roll-on/roll-off ships carrying trucks and trailers.

Barbara Rossi, associate professor of engineering science at the University of Oxford, told BI the force of the impact on one of the bridge's supporting structures "must have been immense" to lead to the collapse.

Dr Salvatore Mercogliano, a shipping analyst and maritime historian at Campbell University, told BI: "It appears Dali left the channel while outbound. She would have been under the control of the ship's master with a Chesapeake Bay pilot onboard to advise the master.

"The deviation out of the channel is probably due to a mechanical issue as the ship had just departed the port, but you cannot rule out human error as that was the cause of the Ever Forward in 2022 just outside of Baltimore."

He was referring to the incident two years ago when the container ship became grounded for a month in Chesapeake Bay after loading up cargo at the Port of Baltimore.

The US Coast Guard found the incident was caused by pilot error, cellphone use, and "inadequate bridge resource management."

Claudia Norrgren, from the maritime research firm Veson Nautical, told BI: "The industry bodies who are here to protect against incidents like this, such as the vessel's flag state, classification society, and regulatory bodies, will step in and conduct a formal investigation into the incident. Until then, it'll be very hard for anyone to truly know what happened on board."

This may not have been the first time the Dali hit a structure.

In 2016, maritime blogs such as Shipwreck Log and ship-tracking site VesselFinder posted videos of what appears to be the stern of the same, blue-hulled container vessel scraping against a quay in Antwerp.

A representative for the Port of Antwerp told BI the Dali did collide with a quay there eight years ago but couldn't "give any information about the cause of the accident."

The Dali is listed as being built in 2015 by Hyundai Heavy Industries in South Korea.

Watch: The shipwreck at the center of a battle between China and the Philippines

• Main content

Advertisement

Supported by

The U.S. Is Lifting Travel Restrictions for Visitors. What Do the New Rules Mean?

The Biden administration will allow vaccinated international travelers to enter the United States, including at land borders with Canada and Mexico. Details remain to be worked out, but here is what we know now.

• Share full article

By Heather Murphy

The White House has announced that it will open its land borders with Canada and Mexico to fully vaccinated travelers starting on Nov. 8, simultaneously lifting one of the United States’ most far-reaching, pandemic-era travel restrictions and creating a new vetting process for entry.

The development follows a September announcement in which the White House said that, come November, it will lift the 18-month ban on visitors from the European Union, China, Iran, South Africa, Brazil and India, as long as they can show proof of vaccination and a negative coronavirus test.

Together these two policies fundamentally reshuffle rules about entry into the United States. For more than a year and a half, the United States based decisions on which country a traveler was coming from. The new rules reorient groupings of who can and who cannot enter based on vaccination status.

Along with spurring many people from restricted countries to immediately plan trips to the United States , the new policies also eliminated the need for one of the odder workarounds that sprung up during the pandemic: Travelers from the prohibited countries spending two weeks in an intermediate country — often, Mexico or the Dominican Republic — and then obtaining a negative coronavirus test there before flying to the United States.

Over the past six months, Fabienne Walther, 28, from Switzerland, has helped about 20 Europeans enter the United States via Mexico. Some have rented a room in her temporary home in Playa del Carmen. In other cases, she simply offered moral support and tips about where to eat.

“The whole travel through Mexico thing is a joke,” she said, given that contracting the coronavirus is actually more of a risk in the Cancún area than in the hometowns of many of the travelers she has helped.

The new policies have raised plenty of questions. Many details are yet to be announced, but here is a look at what is currently known about how entry into the United States will change.

How do the new rules affect people from banned countries?

For the past 18 months, virtually all visitors from the banned countries, including those who are members of the European Union and a handful of others, have been prohibited from traveling directly to the United States. Come Nov. 8, this policy will no longer apply, Jeffrey D. Zients, the White House pandemic coordinator, announced. Individuals from these countries can fly to the United States — or drive, if coming from Mexico or Canada — as they did before the pandemic, provided they can show proof of vaccination. A negative coronavirus test is also required for those traveling by air — but not for those crossing the land border. No quarantine will be required, regardless of how visitors enter.

The C.D.C. will also issue an order directing airlines to collect phone numbers and email addresses of travelers for a new contact-tracing system. Additional details of the contact-tracing system have not yet been outlined.

Unvaccinated people who are not American citizens will not be permitted to enter the United States.

What about people coming from Canada and Mexico? If travelers go through the land border, do they have to be vaccinated?

Regardless of whether people fly or drive in from Canada or Mexico they must be vaccinated. Initially, the new policy for international visitors only applied to people boarding an airplane. And vaccination status aside, land borders with Canada and Mexico are currently closed for all but essential travel. But in November, when the United States reopens the land borders, similar restrictions regarding vaccination status will apply, the White House said on Tuesday.

The shift in policy will also eventually affect people who were never banned from traveling across the land border. Commercial drivers and students, for example, will need to show proof of vaccination, starting in January, giving them some time to adjust to the new rules, officials said.

Until November, only essential visitors can drive in. The definition of “essential” offered by the U.S. Embassy and Consulates in Canada includes “work and study, critical infrastructure support, economic services and supply chains, health, immediate medical care, and safety and security.”

What does fully vaccinated mean? Which vaccines will be accepted?

The United States will accept vaccines authorized by U.S. regulators or listed for emergency use by the World Health Organization, according to the C.D.C. This includes Moderna, Johnson & Johnson, Pfizer-BioNTech, two versions of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine, Sinopharm and Sinovac. Russia’s Sputnik V vaccine is not currently on the accepted list, meaning that most Russians and others inoculated with Sputnik V may be prohibited from entering the United States.

People are considered fully vaccinated two weeks after their second dose of a Pfizer or Moderna vaccine, or two weeks after a single-dose vaccine, such as the Johnson & Johnson vaccine, a spokeswoman for the C.D.C. said. “Mix and match” vaccines, an inoculation strategy involving a first dose of one vaccine and a second dose of a different vaccine, will be accepted as long as each dose involved is an accepted vaccine, the C.D.C. said.

How do the new rules affect people from countries that were not on the banned list?

The new policy applies to everyone who is not a U.S. citizen, including individuals from Japan, Singapore, Mexico and many other countries whose citizens have been able to fly to the United States throughout the pandemic. Though vaccination status does not currently affect whether or not these individuals can enter the United States, in November only fully vaccinated travelers will be permitted.

Already these individuals have to show proof of a negative coronavirus test taken within three days of boarding a flight. This requirement will remain.

The policy applies to all “foreign nationals,” meaning that long-term residents of the United States who are not American citizens would not be able to leave the country and then re-enter unless they are fully vaccinated.

What about U.S. citizens?

The vaccination stipulation does not apply to U.S. citizens. But the new policy does require unvaccinated Americans to provide proof of a negative result from a test taken within one day of their return flight to the United States, and to test again after they land.

What about children and others who can’t get vaccinated for medical reasons?

Children under the age of 18 who are unvaccinated, and a limited category of foreigners arriving from countries with low vaccination rates, are among the travelers exempted from the requirements, Biden administration officials said on Oct. 25.

What restrictions on entering the United States will remain come November?

For people from many parts of the world — even before the pandemic — access into the United States was not easy. One of the reasons that the travel ban had such a profound impact is that it applied to many of the countries whose citizens traditionally had the easiest time gaining entry to the United States.

The new policy does not rewrite who can enter the United States without a visa, but it does severely limit who can enter the United States. Only four percent of the population in Africa is fully vaccinated; less than a third of residents are fully vaccinated in many parts of Latin America, Asia and the Middle East. In some cases, not getting vaccinated is a choice; in others, people simply do not have access to vaccines. Regardless of their reasons, these individuals will no longer be able to travel to the United States.

Ceylan Yeginsu contributed reporting from Turkey and Zolan Kanno-Youngs contributed from Washington.

Follow New York Times Travel on Instagram , Twitter and Facebook . And sign up for our weekly Travel Dispatch newsletter to receive expert tips on traveling smarter and inspiration for your next vacation. Dreaming up a future getaway or just armchair traveling? Check out our 52 Places list for 2021 .

Heather Murphy is a reporter on the Travel desk. She welcomes tips, questions and complaints about traveling during the pandemic. More about Heather Murphy

• Skip to main content
• Keyboard shortcuts for audio player

Goats and Soda

• Infectious Disease
• Development
• Women & Girls
• Coronavirus FAQ

Why the mpox outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo is worrying disease docs

Gabrielle Emanuel

The palms of a patient with mpox during an outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo in 1997. The country is now seeing a dramatic spike in mpox — with a strain that is deadlier than the one that sparked the global outbreak in 2022. CDC/BSIP/Universal Images Group via Getty Images hide caption

The palms of a patient with mpox during an outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo in 1997. The country is now seeing a dramatic spike in mpox — with a strain that is deadlier than the one that sparked the global outbreak in 2022.

"It's just a matter of time, if nothing is done, that the transmission crosses the border in the African region and, again, globally," says Dr. Jean Nachega , an epidemiologist at the University of Pittsburgh.

Nachega is one of a number of public health experts expressing alarm over a major outbreak of mpox – formerly called monkeypox – in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

They say the current situation represents a triple threat.

First, the DRC is seeing record numbers. About 400 suspect cases are reported each week – the majority in children. Second, the strain of the virus that's circulating is especially deadly, with up to 1 in every 10 people who get the virus dying. And third, the virus is behaving differently. Scientists say it is not only surfacing in new areas and new populations (including sex workers), but it's also spreading in new ways – including sexually – and evading diagnostic tests.

Together these issues have made it more urgent – and also more complicated – for the global health community to respond, say mpox specialists.

"For measles, we know what to do. For cholera, we know what to do. For polio, we know what to do. These are things that have been around for a long time. For mpox, a lot of the elements are new," says Dr. Rosamund Lewis , the World Health Organization's technical lead and emergency manager for mpox. "And we don't yet have all the countermeasures in place that we need in place."

A dramatic spike in cases

Last year, the DRC recorded more than 14,500 suspected cases of mpox, and more than 650 deaths. Those figures dwarf previous years – and the numbers continue to rise. In the first two months of this year, there have been more than 3,500 suspected mpox cases and more than 250 deaths.

At this point, the majority of the cases follow a pattern that has become well-established over the past few decades: The outbreaks happen in remote villages in densely forested areas of the north and central DRC. They typically start when the virus jumps from an animal to a person. Imagine a child catching a rodent or a parent cooking bushmeat. And from there, the virus can spread within a household or a community, often through skin-to-skin contact or through contact with shared surfaces, like a bed sheet or towel.

For some, the mpox virus is mild – causing a few lesions. For others, it can be devastating: fever, malaise and painful lesions all over the hands, face and torso – and even death.

"People are very ill, and there's certainly a risk of dying from it or having long-term consequences," says Dr. Anne Rimoin , a professor of epidemiology at UCLA's Fielding School of Public Health who has spent 22 years working on mpox in the DRC.

The strain of the virus that's common in the DRC is called Clade I and it's 10 times more deadly than Clade II, which is found in West Africa and caused the global outbreak. (The nomenclature "Clade" is a scientific way to indicate the strains have a common ancestor.) And with Clade I, about two-thirds of the cases in the DRC are in children under the age of 15.

Lewis, of the WHO, says this could be because many adults have been exposed and acquired some immunity. Plus, anyone who received the smallpox vaccine has some immunity. That vaccine was administered before the disease was eradicated in 1980.

"We've heard about outbreaks in schools. It behaves very much the way other childhood viruses behave," Lewis says. "But we see that high, high death rates are in children. And that is very concerning." So far in 2024, 87% of mpox deaths have been among children under 15 years old.

Experts say it's unclear exactly why there's been such an increase in cases. "I think it's too early to say what exactly is happening here," Rimoin says.

With the number of cases and the number of children impacted, many experts worry about regional spread. Earlier this month, more than 40 mpox infections were reported on the other side of the Congo River in the Republic of Congo . But, so far, Lewis says, it's unclear if those cases came from the DRC, since mpox is endemic in both countries.

A tougher version of mpox

In addition to focusing on children, experts are closely tracking a new situation that doesn't fit the traditional mpox story. Attention has been focused on the gold-rich city of Kamituga in the South Kivu province, which never used to have mpox cases.

"It's a rich region where there are several minerals and thousands of workers working in this mining setting," explains Nachega of the University of Pittsburgh. "We have some recent evidence showing that some miners are circulating this virus and it's been documented also in sex workers."

This is concerning for two reasons, he says. First, the more virulent strain of the virus that's present in the DRC – Clade I – was never known to transmit sexually until a few months ago. Now, this type of spread is firmly established. Second, many of the miners are transient, and many families in the area are on the move too, fleeing violence from ongoing strife.

"This population is highly mobile," says Nachega, noting that when people move viruses move with them and Kamituga is not far from Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda and Tanzania. "We are calling for urgent reinforcement."

He would like to see the DRC and the international community act quickly, improving everything from surveillance to case management. Fast action is especially important when it comes to testing and vaccination, he says.

Tests that might not work

About 90% of the mpox cases in the DRC are not confirmed by a laboratory test. That's because in a country of over 100 million, there are only two labs that do mpox PCR – or polymerase chain reaction – testing.

"You need to collect specimens from the skin and they have to transit [the sample] hundreds of kilometers across very rough roads or down rivers to arrive at the national lab," explains the WHO's Lewis. "There are, as of yet, no fully validated rapid tests. Lots of research is being done on molecular tests, on protein-based tests, but they're not yet at a stage where they can be widely deployed."

She says the result is that most diagnoses are based solely on symptoms, which is problematic. In the forested part of the country, mild mpox can look like chickenpox or measles. In the mining community where it's sexually transmitted, the virus needs to be distinguished from herpes, syphilis and other sexually transmitted diseases.

On top of all that, the specific strain circulating in the mining community has evolved, as viruses do. The part of the genome which the PCR test targets is not present in the current strain.

"So, it's possible to miss the diagnosis," says Lewis. However, she adds that the national lab can adjust to this new reality with testing that reveals the broad type of virus – an orthopoxvirus – and then genome sequencing. The WHO is working to get the word out to neighboring countries.

Vaccine hurdles

Vaccines were a major piece of the strategy during the global mpox outbreak in 2022. However, the DRC government has not authorized use of any of the three vaccines available for mpox – nor has any other African government.

"The need is great," said Lewis. "Everybody wants it to happen very quickly but, at the same time, it has to be done carefully and with quality discussions and quality information." She said she expects it to be several more months, at a minimum, before vaccines arrive in the country.

When the global outbreak happened two years ago, vaccines used for mpox were still relatively new. It was only within the last 10 years – and, in some cases, the last couple years – that places like North America, Japan and Europe approved them. One vaccine used in the U.S. is roughly 82% effective with two doses.

But the data about effectiveness comes from healthy adults in high-income settings. Earlier this month, the WHO's advisory group on immunizations grappled with how this data would apply to children and to adults who may be malnourished or face a different health profile than the one seen in high-income countries. The group ultimately recommended an off-label use in children, given the large number of kids affected by mpox in the DRC.

"The group has been struggling to issue a policy recommendation because there is such a lack of data," says Joachim Hombach, executive secretary of the advisory group.

Several nations have offered to donate doses, and one vaccine manufacturer has drawn up plans to scale up production.

However, experts say, even if an mpox vaccine is licensed, a target population is decided on and supply issues are ironed out, it would still not be easy for the DRC.

"Congo is going through, I think at this point, it must be going through eight or ten different epidemics," says Dr. Michael Ryan , executive director of the WHO's Health Emergency Programme, noting that the country is dealing with measles, cholera, plague and anthrax, among other diseases. "We also have a deep amount of instability in the east of Congo – the peacekeeping operation has shut down there and there are many, many armed groups operating. So ... a very difficult area in which to run any form of health operation, particularly any form of vaccination."

But, he says, the stakes are too high not to take up the challenge of controlling the current mpox outbreak in the DRC.

"This bug is badder and it's more virulent," says Ryan. "We really do need to keep a very, very close eye on it."

Blog The Education Hub

https://educationhub.blog.gov.uk/2024/03/22/what-to-do-if-you-think-your-child-has-measles-and-when-to-keep-them-off-school/

What to do if you think your child has measles and when to keep them off school

Cases of measles are rising across England, including among children. It’s an infection that spreads very easily and for some people can cause serious problems.

There’s no specific medical treatment for measles, so it’s important to get vaccinated as it’s the best protection against becoming seriously unwell.

The measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine is one of the  routine childhood vaccinations,  so most children are already vaccinated against measles. If your child has received both doses of the vaccine, they are unlikely to have the virus.

Here, we explain everything you need to know about the rise in measles cases, from getting your child vaccinated to when to keep them off  school .

What are the symptoms of measles?

Measles usually starts with cold-like symptoms (cough, runny nose), a high temperature, and red, sore, watery eyes (conjunctivitis), followed by a rash a few days later. The rash looks brown or red on white skin. It may be harder to see on brown and black skin.

The rash typically starts on the face and behind the ears before spreading to the rest of the body. Some people may also get small white spots (Koplik spots) in their mouth.

Find out more on the  NHS website .

What should you do if you think your child has measles? 

If a child has been vaccinated, it is highly unlikely they have measles.

You should ask for an urgent GP appointment or get help from NHS 111 if you think you or your child may have measles.

Don’t go to the GP or any other healthcare setting without calling ahead first to prevent the further spread of measles.

If your child has been diagnosed with measles by a doctor, they should stay off nursery or school for at least 4 full days from when the rash first appears.

They should also avoid close contact with babies and anyone who is pregnant or has a weakened immune system.

What is the best way to protect against measles?

The best protection against measles for children and adults is to get both doses of the MMR vaccine.

Children are offered a vaccine free on the NHS at 12-months-old and then a second dose when they turn 3-years-and-4-months-old.

But you can catch up at any age – if you or your child haven’t yet been vaccinated, you should contact your GP practice to book a free appointment.

Two doses of the MMR vaccine offer lifelong protection against measles.

In the UK, we have 2 MMR vaccines which work very well. One of them contains porcine gelatine and the other one doesn’t. If anyone would prefer to have the vaccine that does not contain gelatine, they can talk to their practice nurse or GP.

Cold-like symptoms can be an early sign of measles. Should you still send your child to school?

If your child has been vaccinated, it’s very unlikely that they have measles.

School attendance  is vitally important to your child’s learning and health.

According to the NHS, it’s fine to send your child to school with a minor cough or common cold, provided they don’t have a temperature.

When should you keep your child off school or nursery and how long for?

If your child has measles, they should stay off nursery or school for the entire infectious period (4 days before the rash first appears and for at least 4 full days from when the rash first appears where the date the rash appears is day 0). They should avoid close contact with babies and anyone who is pregnant or has a weakened immune system.

Your child can go back to their education or childcare setting once they feel well and following the completion of the 4 day period after the rash first appears.

If your child is unvaccinated against measles and is a close contact of a measles case (for instance a sibling), the health protection team may advise that your child should remain off school or nursery for a number of days to reduce the spread of meases. The number of days will vary on the circumstances.

The best way to protect your child from measles and ensure they can continue to attend school is to ensure they have both doses of the MMR vaccine.

If you’re not sure whether your child is due a vaccination or has missed a vaccination, you can check their Red Book or contact your GP practice.

If your child has missed their first or second dose of MMR vaccine, you should contact your GP practice to book an appointment.

Should you keep your child off school if another pupil has been diagnosed with measles?

Your child should continue to attend school if another pupil has been diagnosed with measles as long as they have no symptoms and have not been advised otherwise by the Health Protection Team or GP.

Most children will be protected against measles  if they have had both their MMR vaccinations.

The local Health Protection Team will work with the school or setting to advise on further action.

What should I do if I can’t get a GP appointment and I suspect measles?

Ask for an urgent GP appointment or get help from NHS 111, let them know you suspect measles.

Measles can spread to others easily. Call your GP surgery before you go in. They may suggest talking over the phone.

You can also call 111 or  get help from 111 online .

The child or staff member should not attend the education or childcare setting until they have received advice.

Can I still get my child vaccinated even if they’re older? 

Yes. Anyone who has not had 2 doses of the MMR vaccine should ask their GP surgery for a vaccination appointment.

It’s best to have vaccines on time, but you can still catch up on most vaccines if you miss them. Two doses of the vaccine are needed to ensure full protection.

For schools, nurseries and other education settings

What should education settings do if they have a likely or confirmed measles case.

If an education setting is told that a child or staff member has seen their doctor in person and been diagnosed with measles, the setting should contact the UKHSA Health Protection Team so that they can investigate and support as required. If measles is suspected by the GP or healthcare professional, they will also notify the UKHSA Health Protection Team, who may then reach out if there is a setting associated with the case.

Education and childcare settings are not expected to diagnose cases, and parents or carers do not need to contact the health protection team. If parents, carers, or staff are concerned that they or a child have symptoms, they should contact their doctor or NHS111. They should alert the surgery or other healthcare setting of symptoms before attending any appointment to prevent the further spread of measles.

How should schools code measles absences?

For confirmed cases, schools should continue to use usual register codes for absence due to illness.

If a child needs to isolate following public health advice, the most appropriate code is likely to be an absence authorised by the school (code C).

As part of its planned changes to the attendance system, the Government is establishing a new register code to cover absences due to public health guidance.

The new code is planned to take effect from September 2024.

Will the Department for Education and Ofsted take measles absences into account when reviewing the attendance statistics for schools?

Schools play a vital role in improving attendance, but not all factors influencing attendance are in their control.

Ofsted will take these factors into account. Schools should demonstrate that they’re doing all they can to achieve the highest possible attendance, even if their attendance numbers are lower than previously.

What advice should special schools follow? Is there any additional advice for pupils who may be more vulnerable to exposure to measles?

Special schools and settings should also follow the  UKHSA guidance .

The Health Protection Team will carry out a risk assessment of the situation based on the information provided.

They will ask the education setting to share information to help them understand the size and nature of the outbreak and the vaccination status of pupils, and advise on any recommended actions.

The MMR vaccine is the safest and most effective way to protect yourself against measles, mumps, and rubella.

What advice is there for staff who might be more vulnerable, for example if they’re pregnant or unvaccinated?

Measles is a viral infection that spreads very easily and can cause severe illness, especially in certain groups including babies, small children, those who are pregnant and people with weak immunity.

For adults, it is never too late to catch up on any missed MMR vaccinations. People should contact their GP practice to book an appointment.

Anyone considering getting pregnant should make sure that they are protected by having two doses of the MMR vaccine before they become pregnant.  Unvaccinated pregnant people should make sure they are vaccinated soon after the baby is born, to protect them during future pregnancies. As a precaution, the MMR vaccine is not recommended for those who are pregnant. This is because it is a live vaccine.

If you’re pregnant and you have been in close contact with someone who has measles, you should ask for an urgent GP appointment or get help from NHS 111.

A staff member isn’t sure if they’ve had the MMR vaccine and their GP doesn’t have their vaccine records. Can they have another dose?

Anyone with an unknown vaccination history should ask their GP for a vaccine appointment. If your vaccine records are not available or do not exist it will not harm you to have the MMR vaccine again. Two doses of the MMR vaccine is the best protection against measles, mumps and rubella.

Are babies who are too young to be vaccinated protected?

Babies who are too young to be vaccinated are not protected from measles. It is still safe for children and babies who are too young to be vaccinated to attend nursery and early years setting, unless they have been advised otherwise by a health protection team or GP.

The best way to protect children under 1, who are more vulnerable, is by ensuring other children and members of the household are fully vaccinated with two doses of MMR. This significantly reduces the risk of them passing the virus onto the young child. Early education settings can help by promoting the importance of the MMR vaccine.

Are staff who aren’t vaccinated and have to stay off work on public health advice entitled to pay for this period?

Unvaccinated staff who have been in contact with measles cases may be asked to stay away from school or childcare settings for a number of days, based on a risk assessment by the Health Protection Team.

The Department for Education has no remit over sick pay, which is at the discretion of the school.

Some useful links to guidance and resources:

The Department for Education hosted a national webinar on the increase in measles cases, with speakers from UK Health Security Agency, the NHS, and school leaders with recent experience of dealing with a measles outbreak. The webinar covered information on measles, current epidemiology, the importance of the MMR vaccine and how to get it, and how to manage cases and outbreaks in educational settings. View this here.

Measles - NHS (www.nhs.uk)

MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) vaccine - NHS (www.nhs.uk)

Supporting immunisation programmes - GOV.UK (www.gov.uk)

Managing outbreaks and incidents - GOV.UK (www.gov.uk)

UKHSA resources for settings:

• Measles: protect yourself, protect others leaflet
• Measles: don’t let your child catch it poster
• Measles: don’t let your child catch it flyer (with translations)
• Thinking of getting pregnant leaflet (German measles or rubella)
• MMR, MenACWY and coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccine comms toolkit for universities  helping to protect students from vaccine preventable infectious diseases.

Copies of printed publications and the full range of digital resources to support the immunisation programmes can be ordered through the  health publications  platform.

You may also be interested in:

• How to protect against measles – vaccines for school pupils
• What are the latest rules around COVID-19 in schools, colleges, nurseries and other education settings?
• Vaccines for students: how to get up to date

Tags: measles , Measles symptoms , mmr , MMR vaccine , UKHSA guidance , Vaccine against measles

Sharing and comments

Share this page, related content and links, about the education hub.

The Education Hub is a site for parents, pupils, education professionals and the media that captures all you need to know about the education system. You’ll find accessible, straightforward information on popular topics, Q&As, interviews, case studies, and more.

Please note that for media enquiries, journalists should call our central Newsdesk on 020 7783 8300. This media-only line operates from Monday to Friday, 8am to 7pm. Outside of these hours the number will divert to the duty media officer.

Members of the public should call our general enquiries line on 0370 000 2288.

Sign up and manage updates

Follow us on social media, search by date, comments and moderation policy.

• International edition
• Australia edition
• Europe edition

Israel lodges proposal with UN for dismantling of Palestinian relief agency

Exclusive: Aid officials warn that transferring Unrwa’s functions to other bodies with famine looming would be disastrous

Israel has given the UN a proposal to dismantle Unrwa, its relief agency in the Palestinian territories , and transfer its staff to a replacement agency to make large-scale food deliveries into Gaza, according to UN sources.

The proposal was presented late last week by the Israeli chief of the general staff, Lt Gen Herzi Halevi, to UN officials in Israel , who forwarded it to the organisation’s secretary general, António Guterres, on Saturday, sources familiar with the discussions said.

Unrwa was not involved in the talks as the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) have been refusing to deal with it since last Monday, on the basis of claims, so far unproven, of affiliations of some of the agency’s staff with Hamas or Islamic Jihad.

Israel insists it is prepared to allow large amounts of aid into Gaza and that the limiting factor is UN capacity. Its decision not to cooperate with Unrwa severely affects that capacity.

Under the terms presented last week, 300 to 400 Unrwa staff would initially be transferred either to another UN agency, such as the World Food Programme (WFP), or to a new organisation specially created to distribute food aid in Gaza.

More Unrwa employees could be transferred in later stages and the agency’s assets would also be transferred. Details were vague of who would run any new agency under the scheme, or of who would provide security for its deliveries.

Unrwa, which has been supporting the Palestinian territories since 1950, has been shut out of conversations on its future existence despite being the largest humanitarian actor in the territory. “Unrwa has not been systematically privy to conversations related to coordinating humanitarian aid in Gaza,” said the organisation’s director of external relations, Tamara Alrifai.

Some UN officials see the Israeli plan as an attempt to portray the UN as unwilling to cooperate if there is famine in Gaza, which humanitarian organisations have warned is impending. On Thursday the international court of justice, which is examining genocide charges against Israel, ordered the Israeli government to take “all necessary and effective measures” to ensure the large-scale delivery of aid to Gaza “in full cooperation with the United Nations”.

Some inside the UN, other aid agencies and human rights groups also see the Israeli proposal as the culmination of a long Israeli campaign to destroy Unrwa .

“If we allow this, it is the slippery slope to us being completely managed directly by the Israelis, and the UN directly being complicit in undermining Unrwa, which is not only the biggest aid provider but also the biggest bastion of anti-extremism in Gaza,” one UN official said. “We would be playing into so many political agendas if we allowed this to happen.”

Guterres’s office and the IDF did not respond to requests for comment.

Alrifai said the small size of the proposed new aid distribution entity would hobble its ability to effectively deliver aid in Gaza at a time when the need was greatest. “This is no criticism of WFP, but logically if they were to start food distribution in Gaza tomorrow, they’re going to use Unrwa trucks and bring food into Unrwa warehouses, and then distribute food in or around Unrwa shelters,” she said.

“So they’re going to need at a minimum the same infrastructure that we have, including the human resources.”

Unrwa is by far the biggest aid organisation in Gaza, employing 13,000 staff at the time the war broke out, 3,000 of whom are still doing their jobs, as well as tens of thousands more across the West Bank and elsewhere in the Middle East. In addition to distributing food, the agency is a major employer in Gaza, providing teaching and essential medical services as healthcare in the enclave crumbles.

“It’s not just food. We have seven healthcare centres now running in Gaza, we give 23,000 consultations every day, and we have administered 53,000 vaccines since the war started. So that in itself is an entire field that no other agency right now can offer,” Alrifai said.

“It’s great that we’re focusing on food because of the famine, and we are raising the alarm about malnutrition, but Unrwa is so much more than food distribution.”

Israel has claimed that up to 11% of Unrwa employees are affiliated with Hamas or Islamic Jihad, and that as many as 30 took some part in the 7 October attack on Israel, in which 1,200 people were killed.

Israel has yet to provide evidence for the allegations, which led to the suspension of $450m in funding by 16 major donors at a time when the 2.3 million people in Gaza were sliding towards famine.

Earlier this month, the US Congress voted for a spending bill that included a clause blocking future US financing of Unrwa, but other national donors have resumed their funding in the weeks since the UN launched two inquiries. One is an investigation of the specific Israeli allegations, which reported a month ago that it was yet to receive evidence from Israel for its allegations but was hopeful about future cooperation.

The second inquiry, chaired by the former French foreign minister Catherine Colonna and supported by three Nordic research agencies, is a broader review of the agency’s integrity. An interim report by the Colonna inquiry on 20 March said Unrwa had a “significant number of mechanisms and procedures” to ensure its neutrality but that critical areas still needed to be addressed.

The IDF halted cooperation with Unrwa as Australia, Canada and Sweden, Finland and Japan said they would resume funding the agency. The Israeli military has sought to work with other agencies, such as the WFP, instead.

Behind the scenes at the UN, the US has supported the Israeli effort to fold Unrwa’s functions into other agencies, but diplomats in New York said that effort had so far been resisted by other donors and Guterres, who until now has given his full support to Unrwa.

“We must strive to keep the one-of-a-kind services that Unrwa provides flowing, because that keeps hope flowing,” the secretary general said on a visit to a refugee camp in Jordan last week, adding that it would be “cruel and incomprehensible” to stop Unrwa services to Palestinians.

Unrwa derives its mandate from the UN general assembly, which in theory can alone decide the agency’s fate.

Some UN aid officials argue that only Unrwa has the resources and the confidence of ordinary Palestinians to deliver food aid to Gaza, and that trying to reinvent an aid organisation for political reasons in response to Israeli demands, in the midst of bombardment and the onset of a famine, would have disastrous consequences.

“It is outrageous that UN agencies like WFP and senior UN officials are engaging in discussions about dismantling Unrwa,” said Chris Gunness, a former Unrwa spokesperson. “The general assembly gives Unrwa its mandate and only the general assembly can change it, not the secretary general and certainly not a single member state.”

• Israel-Gaza war
• Palestinian territories
• United Nations
• Middle East and north Africa

Most viewed