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Travel & Eye Health Guide: Know the Signs of an Issue & What to Do

Home / Eye Health and Preventive Care / Travel & Eye Health Guide

When traveling abroad, it’s important to be aware of eye issues that may occur. With proper preparation, you can best care for your eye health while away from home.

The most common eye issue travelers suffer from is pink eye, or conjunctivitis. It ranges in severity but is mainly characterized by red or pink discoloration in the eye and itchiness.

Before traveling, research where you intend to go and what medical care you can expect there. You’ll also want to understand any potential health threats in the area where you are traveling.

Common eye issues while traveling.

When to See a Doctor
Frequently Asked Questions

Conjunctivitis

Research into common eye diseases among travelers suggests conjunctivitis is the most common problem travelers deal with. Conjunctivitis, or pink eye, is characterized by the following:

Red or pinkness in the eye
Itching or irritation
The feeling of foreign bodies in the eye
Inability for contact lenses to sit correctly

Pink eye can come from several sources, including viruses, bacteria, and allergens. It often begins in one eye and then spreads to the other eye with viral infections. In allergic cases, it begins more or less simultaneously in both eyes.

Pink eye ranges in severity, and medical intervention is not always necessary. If you experience pain in your eyes or your symptoms worsen, seek medical help immediately.

In general, it is a good idea to get any eye health issue examined as soon as possible, even if no treatment is necessary. This helps reduce the risk that a serious problem is overlooked.

If you have a weakened immune system or a prescribed treatment doesn’t improve your symptoms within 24 hours, seek further medical care as soon as possible for pink eye to make sure you have your symptoms under control. One problem with conjunctivitis is a doctor may misdiagnose the cause, believing the source is bacteria when it is actually fungus, for instance.

Another common eye problem among travelers is keratitis . This is characterized by inflammation of the cornea, often caused by improper contact use.

Through improper use, contact lenses can get dirty, exposing the eye to viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites. These can all cause problems for the wearer, even leading to permanent vision loss in severe cases.

Travel can cause people to skip steps in their care routine more frequently, even as they also live a temporarily more active lifestyle. This means they come into contact with the organisms that can cause keratitis more often and are less likely to take the necessary precautions to kill these organisms.

Tropical Ocular Diseases

While not necessarily “common,” a fairly regular concern of travelers to tropical locales is exposure to diseases not present in temperate environments. This can also complicate diagnosis, as the traveler may receive their eye care‌ back home, where the doctor is less familiar with a foreign location’s local diseases.

Comparatively common tropical ocular diseases include the following:

Onchocerciasis
Gnathostomiasis
African trypanosomiasis

Make sure to tell your doctor during your exam about any places you have traveled to in the past year, especially if you show unusual symptoms. This can help guide their diagnosis and consider scenarios that wouldn’t usually be relevant.

Eye Health Care Tips for Travelers

Always research the locales you hope to visit. Health care in developing areas isn’t always at the same level many people in the United States have grown to expect. This is especially important if you have health conditions that may require regular medical care.

Be aware of any local health risks, such as bacteria less common than where you live or higher levels of pollutants and other toxins.

Research the local water quality. In some areas, experts advise that you only use bottled water for all water needs.

While useful information for your general health, both air and water have the potential to introduce your eyes to contaminants. You ideally want to avoid these contaminants, but at least know which may cause issues if you cannot avoid exposure.

When visiting foreign countries, it can help to carry your basic medical history translated into the local native language. While many countries have adopted English as a lingua franca of medicine, some more remote areas may not have medical staff members who speak the same languages as you.

Many more may have staff with a passing proficiency in English. They may be better able to treat you if given information in their native tongue. Even better is having access to a guide who can help translate your needs to locals.

One useful tip for those who wear contact lenses is to wear glasses for the duration of their trip. The care routine for glasses is much easier and carries few health risks if not followed (at worst, a person’s glasses may get dirty).

Not following a proper contact lens hygiene routine can expose your eye to germs and other dangers. By switching to glasses, you can go about your day more quickly without risking your eye health by missing important steps in your care routine.

When to See a Doctor for Eye Issues While Traveling

As long as local facilities can meet a basic minimum level of care, schedule a doctor’s appointment as soon as possible for any unusual eye symptoms you experience. Short-term, very mild irritation, or symptoms that align with the way you’ve experienced allergies in the past likely don’t represent any major health concern.

Unusual, serious, or long-lasting symptoms warrant medical attention. If you experience any shift in your vision or serious pain, treat your symptoms as a medical emergency, even if doing so disrupts your trip plans. The same applies to similar serious symptoms, such as obvious swelling or unexplained color changes.

Some eye conditions progress quickly. It is important that you seek treatment quickly to prevent symptoms from worsening and doing permanent harm.

Keep in mind that health care while abroad is not inherently inferior. For example, studies show that European health care is as often as good, if not better , as American health care. In some cases, you may even receive superior health care at a lower cost than you could get at home.

Doctors in many developing countries are well trained. The actual obstacle in developing areas is often in relation to proper equipment and supplies.

Travel & Eye Health Guide FAQs

Is it okay to wear contacts overnight?

Very few contacts are designed for overnight use. While skipping steps in your care routine is tempting during hectic periods, such as when traveling, it is better to stop using contacts altogether and switch to glasses if you lack the time to use your contacts properly. Misusing contact lenses can cause serious problems for your eyes.

Only wear and use contacts as recommended by their labels. Follow the advice your eye doctor has told you.

Can flying affect eye pressure?

Certain activities, such as scuba diving, mountain climbing, and flying, can affect the pressure your body is under. Because of the ways planes work when functioning correctly, the change in pressure while inside a plane is fairly minor despite the significant difference in altitude.

As the American Academy of Ophthalmology notes, most eye conditions don’t worsen with air travel.

One notable exception is retina repair surgery, where your doctor may inject a bubble of gas into your eye. This bubble is highly sensitive to pressure changes. Confirm you can travel anywhere, especially by plane, before doing so if you’ve had such a procedure done.

Can flying cause macular degeneration?

Simply put, flying does not cause macular degeneration. You may read about pilots having their careers impacted by age-related macular degeneration, but this is because it is a condition associated with aging, and pilots are one group particularly impacted by vision problems.

Additionally, most people with macular generation can fly safely. However, if you have had a recent procedure performed on your eye, ask your clinician before flying. As discussed earlier, it is unlikely a procedure will impact your ability to fly, but it is possible.

Can flying affect retinal detachment?

Flying is not going to detach a retina or make retinal detachment worse. However, never fly without first authorizing it with a doctor if you’ve had retinal reattachment surgery. This is one of the few scenarios in eye health where flying can cause complications and seriously hurt your recovery.

Can I Fly With This Eye? (January 2017). American Academy of Ophthalmology.
Common Eye Disorders and Diseases . (June 2020). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Eye Diseases in Travelers . (2020). International Maritime Health.
Germs & Infections . (May 2021). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Mirror, Mirror on the Wall, 2014 Update: How the U.S. Health Care System Compares Internationally . (June 2014). The Commonwealth Fund.
Pink Eye (Conjunctivitis): Symptoms . (January 2019). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
The Doctor Will ‘See’ You Now: Online vs. In-Person Vision Tests . (March 2018). CNN.
Travel and Transport . (March 2022). Macular Society.
Utility of Teleconsultation in Accessing Eye Care in a Developing Country During COVID-19 Pandemic . (January 2021). PLOS ONE.
An Eye on Travel: An Overview of Travel-Related Ocular Complications . (September 2017). International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health.
Ocular Problems Associated Air Traveling . (March 2018). Advances in Ophthalmology & Visual System.

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Traveling With Low Vision

Tips for navigating travel by air, bus or rail when you can’t see well.

When you have a visual impairment, travel can seem challenging or even overwhelming. But with advance planning and these expert tips, you can comfortably — and safely — get to where you want to go.

The key? “Plan ahead,” says Carol A. Moog, senior mobility instructor at Lighthouse Guild : “Get as much information as you can before you leave your house. Go on websites to get train or bus directions, plan out your route and always leave more time than you think you’ll need.”

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Bring documentation of your vision loss. Optometrist Ranjoo Prasad, the director of the Penn Center for Low Vision Rehabilitation at the University of Pennsylvania Scheie Eye Institute in Philadelphia, gives her traveling patients a letter stating their diagnosis. It may not be obvious that you’re visually impaired, she says, so a letter from an eye-care provider can make clear that you’re entitled to assistance.

Share your itinerary. Make sure somebody — a loved one back home or a friend you’ll be visiting — knows what your plans are, says Prasad. (You can consider using the Life360 app , which allows others to follow your every step.)

Consult with an expert. If it’s your first time traveling with a vision impairment, consider meeting with an orientation mobility specialist, a professional who teaches people with low vision how to travel safely, confidently and independently. You can find one through your state’s Office of Vocational Rehabilitation or State Commission for the Blind (search online to find your state's).

Be flexible. Do your best to accept that things don’t always go as planned, says Moog: “That’s a natural part of traveling, no matter your situation.”

Traveling by Air

Call ahead. All airports should have a meet-and-assist program to help travelers with anything from check-in to boarding and baggage claim, says Miguel Reyes, certified orientation and mobility specialist at Blind & Vision Rehabilitation Services of Pittsburgh. By law you need to give airports at least 48 hours’ notice for them to be able to guarantee the services you need. “I encourage people to call and start their conversation by saying, ‘Hi, I’m visually impaired.’” Reyes says it will fast-track your call to the appropriate resources to get you what you need.

Blind and low-vision travelers can also get help navigating airports using Aira assistive technology . Aira, a smartphone and smart-glasses-connected technology company, connects blind and low-vision people to trained agents who can help with navigation. It's available for free at many airports across the country; you just need to download the Aira smartphone app and sign up as a guest. At other airports, you can still access Aira but you need to subscribe to the service.

Bring a magnifier or travel telescope. Your eye-care provider can help you get a magnifying device that you can keep in your carry-on bag.

Tag your bags. Put some kind of obvious marker on your luggage — like colored duct tape around the handle — to make it more noticeable to airport staff (or you) at baggage claim.

Speak up. Make sure you’re not seated in an emergency exit row. Ask for help when you need it, and don’t be afraid to advocate for yourself. “Meet-and-assist workers may want to put you in a wheelchair, but if you’re not okay with that, you’re entitled to speak up,” Reyes says.

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Taking the Bus

Ask customer service for help navigating the station. Multi-level bus stations, which are essentially large parking garages, often have steep escalators or stairs and can be confusing. If you’d prefer an elevator, don’t hesitate to ask customer service to point or guide you to one, says Moog.

Talk to the driver. As you board your bus, let your driver know you’re visually impaired, and ask him or her to please tell you when you’ve reach your stop. If you’re transferring, ask where to catch your connecting bus, says Reyes.

Hold on to the railing. Even buses that lower the steps at stops can present trip hazards for passengers entering or exiting.

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Traveling by Train

Ask customer service for help. Train stations can be chaotic, and tracks are often not announced until a few minutes before departure times. Moog says customer service representatives will be happy to bring you to your track on time.

Ask questions. When the train doors open while you’re waiting on the platform, it’s perfectly acceptable to call into the car and ask if it’s the train you’re expecting. Plenty of people do so, whether they have vision loss or not, Moog says, “It’s just a part of [train] culture.”

Choose a seat by a door. Then you won’t have to climb over people when you reach your stop.

Be familiar with the name of the stop before yours. It will give you time to prepare so you'll be ready to go when you arrive at your stop.

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Eye Conditions and Their Effect on Air Travel

Posted by Dr. Robert Sparrenberger May 13, 2020

There are some eye conditions that can interfere with your air travel plans. Generally, if you’ve had any kind of eye surgery recently, then you need to talk to your eye doctor about your travel plans.

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J Travel Med
PMC10289526

Eye disease and international travel: a critical literature review and practical recommendations

Jay jun lee.

Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland

Department of Ophthalmology, Temple Street Children’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland

Mark T Forristal

Fiona harney.

School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland

Gerard T Flaherty

School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Rationale for review

Eye diseases pose a significant public health and economic burden, particularly for travellers exposed to ocular hazards who may lack access to specialist eye care. This article offers an evidence-based review for travel-health practitioners, with a particular emphasis on ocular infections and trauma that are more prevalent among travellers. Providing an overview of these issues will allow travel health practitioners to comprehensively address ophthalmic considerations of travel.

A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed and Embase electronic databases, using keywords related to travel medicine and ophthalmology. Inclusion was based on the relevant contribution to epidemiology, aetiology, diagnostics, management and long-term consequences of travel-related eye conditions. The data were analysed using narrative synthesis.

Key findings

This literature review highlighted that various travel-related eye conditions may occur. Travellers should be aware of the risk of travel-related ocular complications, which can arise from ocular infections, high-risk activities, high altitude and space travel. The economic and logistical challenges associated with medical tourism for ophthalmic procedures are discussed. For travellers with pre-existing eye conditions or visual impairment, careful planning may be needed to promote eye health and ensure safety of travel.

Conclusions

Travel medicine practitioners should have a comprehensive understanding of the major ocular risks associated with overseas travel, including eye infections, eye injuries and solar eye damage. Further research in this area can enhance overall wellness and alleviate the burden of ocular diseases on travellers. Evidence-based guidelines based on research can also improve the quality of care and prevent long-term vision problems.

Introduction

Travel medicine is a highly dynamic specialty that focuses on pre-travel preventative care. Travel exposes individuals to a wide range of ocular hazards while also impacting access to specialist eyecare. Eye diseases and visual impairment have a significant public health impact and economic burden. As global tourism returns to pre-pandemic levels, travel medicine practitioners should be knowledgeable about the ocular complications that may arise during international travel. According to the United Nations World Tourism Organisation projections for 2023, international tourist arrivals could recover to between 80 and 95% of pre-pandemic levels, highlighting the importance of informed travel health advice. 1 Ophthalmic considerations for travel are a relatively under-investigated topic, especially considering the growth of global tourism. 2

This article offers an evidence-based review for travel-health practitioners, with a particular emphasis on ocular infections and trauma that are more prevalent among travellers. The review will explore a variety of ocular conditions that can arise or worsen in different environments, including high altitude and space travel. This information aims to allow more informed advice to potential travellers after a comprehensive risk assessment, to reduce the frequency of ocular complications of travel and exacerbation of pre-existing eye conditions.

Manual searches of PubMed and Embase electronic databases were conducted, in February 2023, with combinations of the following keywords: ‘ophthalmology’, ‘travel medicine’, ‘travel-related eye infections’, ‘space travel’, ‘high altitude’, ‘travel-related eye injuries’, ‘ophthalmic tourism’, ‘air travel’, ‘contact lens use’, ‘visual impairment’ and ‘teleophthalmology’. The search strategy also included a grey literature search which accessed relevant guidelines. Where abstracts were available in English, non-English language articles were also consulted. The reference lists of articles were screened for additional sources not yielded by the primary literature search. Two authors assessed abstracts and identified relevant titles independently. Included texts were reviewed in full, screened for relevance and assessed based on the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine levels of evidence. 3 Inclusion was based on their relevance to epidemiology, aetiology, diagnostics, management and long-term consequences of travel-related eye conditions. The subject areas listed in the Body of Knowledge of the International Society of Travel Medicine ( https://www.istm.org/bodyofknowledge2 ) were used as a reference to ensure that there was broad coverage of the subject.

Air travel and eye conditions

Air travel can greatly affect the ocular surface due to the low humidity inside airplanes, resulting in dryness and discomfort with symptoms such as itching, severe pain, headaches, eye watering and contact lens intolerance. In addition, the lower atmospheric pressure on airplanes can cause reduced oxygen tension, leading to ischaemic changes in the nerve and retina. Individuals who have undergone ocular surgery with gas instillation are particularly at risk as lower atmospheric pressure can affect intraocular gas. 4–9

Ocular pain is reported in 1–2% of air travellers and is classified as an airplane headache (AHA). 10 Diagnostic criteria for AHA include at least 2 attacks of severe pain during airplane travel lasting less than 30 minutes, with both episodes occurring unilaterally in the fronto-orbital region, with associated jabbing, stabbing or pulsating pain, with no accompanying symptoms and not attributable to other disorders. 11 AHA tends to occur in landing or descent but may occur during take-off. AHA has a male predominance and tends to occur between the ages of 25 and 30. These headaches are believed to be secondary to sinus barotrauma or vasodilatation in cerebral arteries due to changes in cabin pressure. The fronto-orbital pain is explained by barotrauma to trigeminal nerve endings in the ethmoidal sinuses. 11–13 Analgesics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents and triptans have been shown to be effective in prophylaxis. Compression of the pain region, the Valsalva manoeuvre, extension of the earlobe, chewing and yawning have also been found to provide relief of symptoms. 12–15

Ischaemic optic neuropathy, exacerbation of diabetic cystoid macular oedema and neuro-ocular vestibular dysfunction (NOVD) have all been associated with air travel. 16–18 Air turbulence can cause NOVD or motion sickness. Air travel is not recommended for 2–6 weeks post intraocular sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) or perfluoropropane (C3F8) instillation until the gas has been fully absorbed as the gases can expand in lower atmospheric pressure conditions, causing a rapid rise in intraocular pressure. 19

Air travel does not pose a problem for individuals with glaucoma as the controlled atmospheric pressure of the airplane cabin compensates for the decrease in pressure at high altitudes that would otherwise increase intraocular pressure 20 However, the dim lighting conditions in airplane cabins can cause mydriasis and increase the risk of pupillary block, which can lead to acute angle close glaucoma, an ocular emergency. 21

Travel to high altitude destinations

High altitude represents a natural stress due to low oxygen partial pressure and barometric pressure. In normal response to hypobaric hypoxia, the retinal vessels become more engorged and the optic disc more hyperaemic. 22 High altitude retinopathy (HAR) is a spectrum of pathological changes that occurs in an individual who is exposed to a hypobaric hypoxic environment. They can be seen in most trekkers who ascend beyond 4900 m above sea level. The retinopathy produces retinal oedema, haemorrhages, ischaemia and optic disc swelling. 23 The degree of severity depends on the length and intensity of exposure, the rate of environmental change, as well as patient factors such as dehydration, oxygen consumption and underlying cardiac or respiratory conditions. 22 , 24 , 25 HAR is often detected incidentally as it is usually asymptomatic. Most cases resolve spontaneously and do not require intervention. 26 In a small subset of patients who develop HAR that results in blurring of vision or loss of visual field, the principles of management are to increase oxygen perfusion with supplemental oxygen and descend to a lower altitude. Besides retinopathy, the development of non-arteritic ischaemic optic neuropathy (NAION) has also been described with travel to high altitudes. 27

Prophylactic medications, such as acetazolamide, can be effective, but individuals should be aware of potential side effects like a transient myopic shift and have proper corrective measures in place. 29 High altitude illness, including acute mountain sickness, is primarily prevented by proper acclimatization, gradual ascent, staying hydrated and avoiding alcohol and smoking. 28

Space travel

With the increasing number of civilians travelling to space, there are growing concerns about health risks associated with space flight. One such risk is a novel entity termed Space-Flight Related Neuro Ocular Syndrome (SANS). SANS consists of a group of clinical features resulting from exposure to prolonged microgravity. Due to it being a relatively new condition, the underlying pathophysiology is still being debated. The two leading hypotheses are either a cephalad shift or compartmentalization of cerebrospinal fluid. 30 Common findings after a space mission include hyperopic shift, cotton wool spots and optic disc swelling. In a case series, lumbar punctures in astronauts post-space flight missions with optic disc oedema were as high as 28.5 cm H 2 O. 31 While no clear management strategy has been recommended, oral acetazolamide has been shown to decrease CSF pressure, but signs of SANS may persist for years after returning to terrestrial conditions. 32 , 33 It is expected the frequency of SANS will rise as more people engage in commercial space travel.

Visual impairment and travel

Visual impairment encompasses a broad spectrum of conditions that affect a person’s ability to see. It refers to any degree of vision loss, from mild to severe, that cannot be corrected with glasses or contact lenses. Travelling can pose significant challenges for individuals with visual impairment. These challenges can range from difficulty navigating unfamiliar surroundings to a reduced ability to fully experience and appreciate new environments. Navigating new environments can be one of the biggest challenges for individuals with visual impairment. A cane can be a helpful tool that provides stability and enables people to detect obstacles and changes in elevation. Other tools and techniques, such as guide dogs, tactile paving and audio cues, can also help people navigate their surroundings.

To avoid animal quarantine when travelling with a service dog, patients should be advised to plan well in advance. It is important to research the specific requirements for each country and prepare all necessary documentation in advance. In general, most countries require canine health and rabies records, microchip documentation, a vet-issued health certificate, a letter from a healthcare professional stating the need for the service dog and proper identification gear like a vest or harness. The visually impaired traveller should contact the destination country’s embassy or consulate for breed restrictions and appropriate government agencies for animal quarantine policies. It is also advisable to translate all documents into the native language of the visiting country to ensure compliance with their legal requirements.

When travelling, individuals with visual impairment may require extra time and planning to find transportation, locate accommodation and navigate unfamiliar streets and landmarks. Consulting with a healthcare provider or mobility specialist can help determine the best strategies for safe and comfortable travel. 34 Unfortunately, individuals with visual impairments may be more susceptible to safety risks and crimes. The US Department of Justice reports that people with visual impairment are four times more likely to be victims of crimes such as robbery and assault. 35 Limited ability to assess their environment, recognize potential danger and respond to threatening situations can increase the risk of victimization for travellers with visual impairments.

In addition to the challenges of navigating new environments, individuals with visual impairment may also have difficulty fully experiencing and appreciating new surroundings. Visually impaired individuals may miss out on visual details and cues that help them understand and appreciate new environments, which can limit their enjoyment of travel experiences. This, in turn, can lead to significant stress and anxiety, which can further impede their ability to fully engage with their surroundings. The psychological impact of visual impairment on travellers is therefore an important consideration, and efforts should be made to optimize the travel experience for individuals with visual impairment.

To address these challenges, it is important to provide support and resources for individuals with visual impairment who are travelling. This may include access to specialized travel agencies that can provide tailored support, such as audio guides for sightseeing and accommodations that cater to the needs of visually impaired individuals. Additionally, travel companions, family members or friends can provide emotional support and assistance with navigating unfamiliar surroundings ( Table 1 ).

Recommendations for travellers with visual impairment

Traumatic eye injury and adventure activities

Eye injuries can be subclassified as closed globe and open globe injuries. 36 The mechanism of injury may be due to coup, countercoup and anteroposterior compression or horizontal expansion of the tissue. 37 High-velocity impacts can result in globe rupture secondary to the rapid increase in intraocular pressure and subsequent scleral rupture. Adventure travel presents a significant risk of traumatic eye injury. Bungee jumping is associated with ocular injury via a sudden increase in venous pressure from the rapid acceleration and deceleration forces involved. This can result in intraocular haemorrhages, retinal detachments and direct traumatic injury from the bungee cord itself. 38 , 39

Barotrauma related to scuba diving can lead to eye injury via mask squeeze. Mask squeeze occurs due to a pressure difference between the inside of the mask and the surrounding water. This pressure difference increases as the diver descends leading to a ‘suction’ over the area where the mask is applied. The suction pressure can lead to conjunctival blood vessel rupture and rarely orbital subperiosteal haematoma formation, which can cause increased intraocular pressure and optic nerve compression requiring urgent needle aspiration or orbitotomy. 40 , 41 Prevention involves the diver regularly exhaling through their nostrils, increasing the pressure within the mask and ensuring the volume remains constant. 42 Diving has also been associated with arterial air embolism, 43 which can be treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy. 44

Mountaineers, skiers and beachgoers are at risk of ultraviolet (UV) keratitis. UV keratitis, also known as snow blindness, is a photochemical injury secondary to the toxic effects of high-dose UV radiation. UV keratitis presents with ocular pain, tearing, conjunctival chemosis, blepharospasm and deterioration of vision. It typically occurs several hours after exposure and lasts up to 3 days. 45

Solar retinopathy can occur due to unprotected gazing at the sun, especially during activities such as eclipse tourism or at higher altitudes. This can result in acute foveal injury and outer retinal defects. 46 Using appropriate eye protection is crucial to prevent such issues. Travellers should use specialized solar filters or eclipse glasses that are certified and meet safety standards to ensure adequate protection. Sunglasses with sidepieces or goggles with polarized or photochromic lenses can also be effective in preventing common eye problems associated with these activities. 47 The increased sun exposure associated with travel can lead to cataract formation. 48

Travel-related eye infections

Travellers are at a higher risk of acquiring an infection when they are unfamiliar with local destination hygiene conditions and climatic factors. Eye infections may be bacterial, viral, fungal or protozoan. An understanding of this condition is key for travel health practitioners as these infections are often preventable and treatable. One of the leading causes of blindness in the world is keratitis ( Table 2 ). The occurrence of infectious keratitis is higher in developing countries with an incidence of up to 799 per 100 000 person-years in one landmark study. 49 The type of organism varies depending on the geographic location. Fungal keratitis, for instance, is concentrated in Southern Asia, with an estimated global annual incidence of over a million. 50 Risk factors for ocular infections include existing contact lens wear, ocular surface disease, eyelid disease, systemic disease and trauma, including post-ocular surgery. 51 The signs and symptoms depend on the type of organisms, extent of infection and existing ocular state but in general patients may experience pain, photophobia and decreased vision. Keratitis is treated based on risk factors and local antimicrobial guidelines. Treatment involves the use of antimicrobial agents, cycloplegic eye drops, corticosteroids and corneal scrapings for culture and sensitivities. Close monitoring is essential to ensure effective treatment.

Common causes of keratitis in travellers

With the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, there is a risk of travellers being infected with SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 is well documented to cause a prothrombotic state by increasing inflammation, endothelial disruption and complement activation. 52 This resulted in a high incidence of pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. 53 Equivalent findings in the eye would be a retinal vein or artery occlusion, which typically affects older individuals but can also occur in younger people who had the virus. 54 Similar underlying mechanisms are proposed for ischaemic optic neuropathy secondary to disruption of the arterial blood supply. 55 There are many other conditions in the literature that link COVID-19 with ocular conditions such as acute macular neuroretinopathy, central serous chorioretinopathy and even fungal endogenous endophthalmitis. 56–58 Larger studies are needed to further characterize their relationship.

Parasites are a common source of ocular inflammation, especially in visitors to tropical and subtropical regions. Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common parasitic ocular infections causing retinochoroiditis ( Figure 1 ). It can be contracted by consuming undercooked meat or shellfish. In Brazil, antibodies to Toxoplasma have been demonstrated in up to 80% of the population. 59 Moreover, the prevailing Toxoplasma genotype in Central and South America causes a more severe inflammatory response. 59 There is a considerable risk of recurrence after an episode of necrotizing retinitis, which may require long-term monitoring.

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Ocular toxoplasmosis. Optos image of right fundus showing an established macular scar from toxoplasma. (Photo courtesy of Dr Tomas Burke)

Malaria is another common parasitic infection that can affect the eyes, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. The pathogenesis of malaria retinopathy is like that of cerebral malaria, with vessel occlusion and ischaemia. 60 While there is no known treatment for malaria retinopathy, effective chemoprophylaxis is available. One such prophylactic agent is hydroxychloroquine, which can cause retinopathy, although this is rare with short-term use. 61 Travellers should also be advised to employ protective measures including applying insect repellent to their skin, minimizing skin exposure and avoiding forested and still water environments. Figure 2 illustrates a case of retinal arteritis occurring in a patient with tuberculosis ( Figure 2 ).

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Tubercular retinal arteritis. Fundus fluorescein angiogram of the right eye showing multiple area of retinal ischaemia from vasculitis (Photo courtesy of Dr Deirdre Townley)

Other rarer parasites that can cause posterior uveitis include Cysticercus , Onchocerca and Gnathostoma . While uncommon in Western Europe, they are endemic in some countries. The signs and symptoms vary between organisms, and management includes the use of anti-helminthic drugs and surgery in selected cases.

Pre-existing eye conditions

For patients with pre-existing ocular conditions, it is recommended to pack sufficient medication in their carry-on bag in their original, labelled containers. While many countries allow a month’s supply of medicine, a prescription from the patient’s physician is often required. To ensure authenticity, it is best to use medication from the patient’s home country, especially in low- and middle-income countries where counterfeit drugs are more common. 62 , 63 Environmental conditions such as humidity, temperature, wind, dust and pollen can affect ocular surface conditions like dry eyes syndrome, blepharitis and allergic conjunctivitis. 64 If necessary, patients should consider increasing medication frequency to maintain control of the disease. Some ocular conditions, such as wet age-related macular degeneration, retinal vein occlusion and diabetic macular oedema, require treatment at regular intervals. Patients on active treatment should discuss their travel plans with their ophthalmologist to determine if they can connect them with a healthcare professional at their destination if their travel duration exceeds their medication interval.

Contact lens use in travellers

While generally safe, contact lens wearers face an increased risk of complications during travel, including discomfort and infections. This risk is exacerbated by environmental factors and the challenge of maintaining good hygiene while on the go in an unfamiliar area, which is further compounded by limited access to ophthalmic care. These factors can lead to delayed treatment and worse outcomes for contact lens-related issues.

Risk factors for contact lens-related ulcers are overnight contact lens wear, long duration of continuous wear, lower socio-economic classes, smoking, dry eyes and poor hygiene. 65 Compared with microbial keratitis without contact lens wear, the disease in contact lens wearers is more common, has a lower morbidity and is more often caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acanthamoeba species. 66 Failing to wash and dry hands prior to handling lenses and poor hygiene with lens storage cases have been identified as key risk factors in microbial keratitis, 66 which can be exacerbated by travellers having poor access to clean water and contact lens supplies. Dry air, dust, wind and cold temperatures can lead to contact lens discomfort and predispose the wearer to epithelial damage and secondary corneal ulceration. Daily disposable contact lenses have been shown to significantly reduce the relative risk of microbial keratitis compared with planned replacement soft contact lenses and rigid gas permeable contact lenses. Risk of microbial keratitis is up to 5.4 times higher with the use of extended wear contact lenses. 67 Contaminated water exposure increases the risk of microbial keratitis in contact lens wearers ( Figure 3 ), in particular Acanthamoeba keratitis. 68 Therefore, recommendations should be made for daily contact lens wear over monthly or extended wear lenses and advice against swimming, showering or sleeping in contact lenses should be provided to all potential travellers. Prescription swimming goggles should also be considered.

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Contact lens-associated keratitis showing injected conjunctiva with ring-shaped corneal infiltrate (Photo courtesy of Dr Jay Jun Lee)

Travel health professionals should assist individuals in evaluating the risks associated with contact lens wear and care in remote wilderness areas during pre-travel consultations. This includes considering the potential for infection due to lens contamination from touching, particularly for daily disposables, versus the risk of corneal erosion when using extended-wear lenses. 69 It is essential for healthcare providers and travel agencies to remind contact lens wearers who plan to venture into remote areas to carefully review their lens wear and care routine to adapt to challenging conditions.

Teleophthalmology

Teleophthalmology refers to the use of telecommunication technologies such as video conferencing, digital imaging and remote monitoring to provide eye care services to patients in remote or underserved areas with limited access to eye care. Well-established teleophthalmology programs in Canada, India and Western Australia have allowed improved eye care delivery through swift assessment, improved access and reduced travel expenses and time. 70–73 However, previous programs have focused on chronic diseases such as glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy. Additional research may be required for successful implementation of teleophthalmology programs in acute ophthalmic presentations. The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the adoption and evolution of ophthalmology virtual clinics. This shift towards virtual eye care consultations has paved the way for future developments in teleophthalmology, making it an increasingly viable and convenient solution for patients seeking eye care services. 74 , 75

Ophthalmic tourism

In 2017, global spending on medical tourism reached $11 billion, increasing from $2.2 billion in 2000. 76 This trend is largely driven by patients from developed countries seeking more affordable medical treatment in developing countries. Ophthalmic procedures such as laser assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) are particularly popular among medical tourists, with treatment costs starting at $360 for both eyes in India, compared to around $2000 in the United States. 77 , 78 While accessibility, availability and quality of care are factors that influence the decision to seek medical treatment abroad, affordability remains a key consideration. Patients should be aware, however, that medical training standards and laws governing medical liability may vary between countries, and they may not have access to long-term follow-up care. In addition, any complications that arise during or after treatment may increase the burden on their home country’s healthcare system.

Limitations of review

While this review is one of the first to focus on eye health and international travel, it is subjected to several limitations, including the fact that eye disease in the context of space travel and high-altitude travel are under-researched areas. Additionally, reliance on English language publications may have introduced selection bias, and the use of two databases may have caused important literature to have been overlooked.

Recommendations for further research

Despite the importance of eye health in travel medicine, there is a lack of adequate discussion on ocular health in related journals. To address this knowledge gap, further research is needed in assessing the safety of travelling with visual impairment and developing supportive strategies for affected individuals. Identifying effective prophylactic measures and optimal treatment options for ocular diseases that occur during travel is also necessary. Additionally, understanding the psychological impact of ocular diseases on travellers and providing effective support is essential. Investigating the correlation between the duration of space travel and the severity of ocular disease is an important area to explore. Finally, creating evidence-based guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of ocular diseases in travellers is critical. By conducting research in these areas, we can improve our understanding of ocular health in travellers, leading to better care and support for affected individuals.

Acknowledgement

G.F. conceived the research question; all authors developed the search strategy; J.J.L. and M.T.F. screened the studies. All authors contributed to preparation of the manuscript and approval of the final version.

Contributor Information

Jay Jun Lee, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland. Department of Ophthalmology, Temple Street Children’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

Mark T Forristal, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland.

Fiona Harney, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland. School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.

Gerard T Flaherty, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland. School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

None received.

Author Contribution

Jay Jun Lee (Conceptualization [Supporting], Data curation [Lead], Formal analysis [Lead], Methodology [Supporting], Project administration [Supporting], Resources [Equal], Validation [Supporting], Visualisation [Supporting], Writing—original draft [Lead], Writing—review & editing [Supporting]), Mark Forristal (Conceptualization [Supporting], Data curation [Supporting], Investigation [Supporting], Methodology [Supporting], Writing—original draft [Supporting], Writing—review & editing [Supporting]), Fiona Harney (Conceptualization, Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing—review & editing [Supporting]), Gerard Flaherty

(Conceptualization [Lead], Data curation [Supporting], Formal analysis [Lead], Methodology [Lead], Project administration [Lead], Resources [Equal], Supervision [Lead], Validation [Lead], Writing—original draft [Supporting], Writing—review & editing [Lead])

Conflict of interest : None declared.

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Ocular problems associated air traveling

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Editorial Volume 8 Issue 2

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Department of Ophthalmology, Yuksek Ihtisas University, Turkey

Correspondence: Burak Turgut, Professor of Ophthalmology, Yuksek Ihtisas University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, 06520, Ankara, Turkey, Tel +90 312 2803601, Fax +90 3122803605

Received: March 07, 2018 | Published: March 9, 2018

Citation: Turgut B. Ocular problems associated air traveling. Adv Ophthalmol Vis Syst. 2018;8(2):80 – 83. DOI: 10.15406/aovs.2018.08.00275

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Ocular problems, air traveling, flighters, low cabin pressure, dry cabin air, airplane, air-travel-related, orbital pain, eye pain, headache, dry eye

Air traveling has been increased day by day. Thus, both aircraft crew and passengers have been affected by air travel conditions such as severe turbulence, low pressure or humidity, the presence of ozone and dry air in the cabin. Because of the change in cabin air pressure and its possible ocular hazards, the delay of the airplane traveling in the individuals undergone vitreoretinal or cataract surgery has been recommended until cleared by the ophthalmologist. However, the patients with glaucoma can safely travel by airplane as long as they take their antiglaucomatous medications. 1 ‒6 The most experiencing ocular complaints in air travelers are dryness in ocular surface (20%) and related symptoms. Additionally, other ocular problems including itching in the eyes, severe orbital pain or headache, watering in the eyes and contact lens intolerance may be experienced. 1 , 3 , 5 ‒7 Neuro-ocular vestibular dysfunction (NOVD), ischemic optic neuropathy, aggravation ofdiabetic cystoid macular edema have been also reported regarding with the ocular disorders to be occurred during air travelling. 8 ‒11

Moreover, it has been speculated that central retinal artery occlusion or other ocular ischemic events may occur due to reactive vasoconstriction or ischaemic changes during the traveling at high altitude. 12 However, orbital or ocular pain experienced in a rate of 1-2% in air travelers is the most worrying and excruciating symptom. Ocular pain which occurred in air travelling has been classifiedas a type of a headache by International Headache Society (IHS) since 2013. 13 Diagnostic criteria of a headache attributed to airplane travel (“airplane headache”) (AHA) include fulfilling criteria at least 2 attacks, including ‘’1. severe pain during airplane travel lasting less than 30 min, with at least 2 of these ‘’unilateral pain, fronto-orbital location (frontoparietal pain may occur), pain of jabbing or stabbing quality (pulsating may occur)’’; ‘’2. no accompanying symptoms’’; ‘’3. not attributed to other disorders’’. 13 AHA appears in especially during the landing or descent phase, sometimes ascending or take-off phase in airplane flights. Another predominant typical feature of AHA is that it is not experienced without any accompanying concomitant disturbanceor symptom in approximately all cases.

The stereotypical typical clinical characteristic of an AHA attack is an intense and very severe unilateral pain localized to the fronto-orbital region or periorbital region. It suddenly and shortly starts after the rapid descent from an average altitude of 1,800 m. The peak intensity of pain is experienced in a few minutes and AHA usually lasts 20-30 minutes corresponding to the duration of take-off and landing of aircraft until complete resolution. Most previous studies report a male predominance for AHA. AHA usually manifests between 25-30 years. The pathogenesis of this headache type has diversity including mainly sinus barotrauma or possibly vasodilation in the cerebral arteries as a result of cabin pressure change in air traveling. It has been considered that barotrauma associated with trigeminal nerve endings in the ethmoid sinuses causes the fronto-orbital pain in this clinical entity. 14 –16 It has been speculated that the vasodilation in the cerebral arteries which developed during an AHA-attack may be induced by prostaglandin E2. 14 , 17 Although there is no specific treatment or prophylaxis for AHA, it has been demonstrated that several medications including analgesics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or triptans may have beneficial effects as prophylactic therapy. However, drugs and nasal spray decongestants should be taken prophylactically approximately 30 minutes and 30-60 minutes, respectively before the expected triggering phase (ascending or descending phase) of the flightto obtain optimal results . Some maneuvers including compression on pain region, Valsalva maneuver, extension of the earlobe, chewing, or yawning can provide a relief of %25 in pain intensity.. 14 –17

Dry-eye is the most common problem in the air travelers. As air humidity in the cabin of the aircraft is often lower than 20% of humidity rate and the air in the pressurized cabin is dehydrated, dryness in both skin and ocular surfaces usually occur. In case of low humidity, especially, the users of contact lens is at the risk of dryness because of the elimination of the main source of oxygen under the lens. Using a skin moisturizing lotions and lubricating solutions or artificial tears, and wearing spectacles instead of contact lenses, drinking extra water, turning off the blowing direction of the air conditioner to another side rather face and giving a break while reading during flight may relieve or prevent discomfort.. 1 , 3 , 5 , 6 Neuro-ocular vestibular dysfunction or motion sickness can be experienced by air travelers in the case of severe turbulence. In an airplane traveling, the obtaining the seat at just near the window and the mid-section of the cabin or chairs fitting on the wing where movements are the least felt may be beneficial to prevent suffering motion sickness for the individuals who know their have NOVD.

Additionally, some medications that can be taken before the flight will help in preventing of this disease, may be beneficial. 18 –21 Air turbulence during flight can also cause ocular trauma, especially in the eyes having recently ocular surgery such as vitreoretinal surgery in which expandable intraocular gases were used and cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation. Because air turbulence may cause wound openingin the corneal incision region due to retching and vomiting or severe elevation of intraocular pressure due to the expansion intravitreal gas and consequently central retinal artery occlusion. Thus, these passengers should not travel immediately after cataract surgery and should be kept the seat belt fastened as long as the passenger seated. The delaying the travel for approximately two and six weeks following intraocular injections of sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ) and perfluoropropane (C 3 F 8 ), respectively has been recommended. 22 Air travelers with glaucoma usually do not experience any problem. A rapid decrease in the atmospheric pressure during flight can cause to a relative increase in intraocular pressure. However, this change usually does not cause a problem in a glaucoma patient during air travelling because aircraft cabins have a controlled artificial atmospheric pressure and this often compensates this decrease in pressure developed at high altitude. 22 , 23

Acknowledgements

Conflict of interest.

The author declares that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this paper.

The author received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Authorship contributions

Concept and Design, Data Collection, Literature Search, Writing: Analysis, Interpretation: Burak TURGUT.

Eng WG. Survey on eye comfort in aircraft, I: flight attendants. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1979;50(4):401–404.
Committee on Airliner Cabin Air Quality, Commission on Life Sciences, Division on Earth and Life Studies, National Research Council.The Airliner Cabin Environment: Air Quality and Safety. National Academies Press, Washington DC,1986, p.190–207.
Leggat PA, Speare R, Moon ME. Sore eyes and travelers. J Travel Med. 1999;6(1):45–47.
World Health Organization. Mode of travel: health considerations.
Norbäck D, Lindgren T, Wieslander G. Changes in ocular and nasal signs and symptoms among air crew in relation to air humidification on intercontinental flights. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2006;32(2):138–144.
Backman H, Haghighat F. Air quality and ocular discomfort aboard commercial aircraft. Optometry. 2000;71(10):653–656.
Bekö G, Allen JG, Weschler CJ, et al. Impact of cabin ozone concentrations on passenger reported symptoms in commercial aircraft. PLoS One. 2015;10(5):e0128454.
Zhang LL, Wang JQ, Qi RR, et al. Motion sickness: current knowledge and recent advance. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2016;22(1):15–24.
Kaiserman I, Frucht-Pery J. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy after a trans-Atlantic airplane journey. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002;133(4):581–583.
Panos GD, Panos LD, Hafezi F, et al. Ischemic optic neuropathy after a long airplane flight: coincidence or rare economy class syndrome manifestation? Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 2014;231(4):390–391.
Daniele S, Daniele C. Aggravation of laser-treated diabetic cystoid macular edema after prolonged flight: a case report. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1995;66(5):440–442.
Newsom RS, Trew DR, Leonard TJ. Bilateral buried optic nerve drusen presenting with central retinal artery occlusion at high altitude. Eye (Lond). 1995;9(Pt 6):806–808.
Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS). The international classification of headache disorders, 3rd edition (beta version). Cephalalgia. 2013;33(9):629–808.
Bui SBD, Gazerani P. Headache attributed to airplane travel: diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment–a systematic review. J Headache Pain. 2017;18(1):84.
Mainardi F, Lisotto C, Maggioni F, et al. Headache attributed to airplane travel ('airplane headache'): clinical profile based on a large case series. Cephalalgia. 2012;32(8):592–599.
Berilgen MS, Müngen B. A new type of headache, headache associated with airplane travel: preliminary diagnostic criteria and possible mechanisms of aetiopathogenesis. Cephalalgia. 2011;31(12):1266–1273.
Benedetti F, Durando J, Giudetti L, et al. High-altitude headache: the effects of real vs sham oxygen administration. Pain. 2015;156(11):2326–2336.
Zanchin G, Maggioni F, Granella F, et al. Self-administered painrelieving manoeuvres in primary headaches. Cephalalgia. 2001;21(7):718–726.
Murdin L, Golding J, Bronstein A. Managing motion sickness. BMJ. 2011;343:d7430.
Shupak A, Gordon CR. Motion sickness: advances in pathogenesis, prediction, prevention, and treatment. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2006;77(12):1213–1223.
Brainard A, Gresham C. Prevention and treatment of motion sickness. Am Fam Physician. 2014;90(1):41–46.
Houston S, Graf J, Sharkey J. Commercial air travel after intraocular gas injection. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2012;83(8):809–810.
Bagshaw M, DeVoll JR, Jennings RT, et al. Medical guidelines for airline passengers.

©2018 Turgut. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the, Creative Commons Attribution License ,--> which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and build upon your work non-commercially.

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Resources for Travelers With a Vision Impairment

Alex Miller

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Resources for Travelers With a Vision Impairment

Travel Planning Guides for the Visually Impaired

Travel tips for the visually impaired, understanding your rights as a traveler with a vision impairment, specialist organizations for the visually impaired who want to travel, additional resources.

If you or a loved one has a vision impairment, traveling anywhere can seem like a daunting prospect…but it doesn’t have to be! With the correct planning, precautions, and awareness, you can make sure your next trip is enjoyable and successful.

Below you’ll find a wide range of resources offering detailed advice for visually impaired travelers and their companions. These include travel tips that will help you get from A to B, learn about rights for disabled travelers, and plan your journey using informative websites.

Traveling can be stressful at any time, but it can be even more overwhelming if you or your travel companion are dealing with a visual impairment. Below you’ll find some useful resources that will help you plan your trip ahead of time so it runs as smoothly as possible:

VisionAware.org – This article has been produced by a lifelong traveler who suffers from Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP). She discusses how to plan your trip, how to ask for advice, and where to look for discounts.

AFB.org – Produced by the American Foundation for the Blind, this guide offers travel ideas and tips for the blind or visually impaired. It includes handy pointers, such as what to look for in your hotel, how to put together a travel itinerary, and the benefits of using a white cane.

Henshaws.org.uk – In this article you’ll find helpful tips and tricks for planning your journey. There are also useful links and contacts for UK travelers who are blind or visually impaired.

VisionAware.org – This is another great article on the VisionAware website offering must-have advice on packing for your trip. Helpful tips include how to identify your luggage, selecting travel clothes, and packing for your dog.

Below are some handy guides that offer great advice to help visually impaired travelers and their companions get around safely and smoothly. Topics covered here include traveling abroad, traveling around a city, and traveling by bus or rail:

SATH.org – Produced by the Society for Accessible Travel & Hospitality, this guide offers in-depth advice for the blind or visually impaired. It covers a variety of topics including traveling by air, rail, or bus.

Travel.state.gov – Produced by the U.S. Department of State, this article offers advice on what you need to do before you travel, how to travel with service animals, and what medical considerations you need to make. You can also find information on the destination you’re traveling to and what they have in place for impaired travelers.

AFB.org – Aimed at professionals who are traveling with blindness or a vision impairment, this blog offers some helpful tips, especially for those navigating a city on business.

SocietyfortheBlind.org – Co-written by a board member for the Society for the Blind and one of their orientation and mobility instructors, this article offers a number of tips if you’re traveling with a vision impairment.

MIUSA.org – Within this article, you’ll find preparation advice and tips on going abroad as a person who’s blind or has low vision. This includes what you’ll need to take and how to prepare for your travels. You can also read stories from other members, including Kevin’s/a> first-hand experience of Australia.

CVIGA.org – Here, the Center for the Visually Impaired provides a handy blog on how to travel with a vision impairment in winter. It offers practical advice on what to wear and how to stay safe in the colder months.

IndependentTraveler.com – A thorough guide on disabled travel, including 15 travel tips that cover items such as transport to and from the airport and using specialist travel agents.

CDC.org – The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has put together a useful guide on traveling with disabilities such as a vision impairment. It includes some pointers on pre-travel consultations, air travel, and cruise ships.

RNIB.org – Targeted at a UK audience, this guide covers a range of topics including traveling abroad and getting around your local area. It also includes stories from different people who share their experiences of travel.

Gov.uk – Another resource for UK residents, this guide on foreign travel for disabled people covers a variety of topics, including health, medication, and how to review transport facilities. It also includes some helpful links about UK-based organizations that exist to assist you with travel arrangements.

It’s important to know what rights you or your companions have as blind or visually impaired travelers. Below you’ll find some practical guides that cover all of the legalities involved, including the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and what your rights are when traveling abroad:

VisionAware.org – Within this resource, you’ll find a breakdown of what’s involved in the ADA. There’s also a section on the ADA and transportation, which includes some examples of how your local transport system should be made accessible to you.

AFB.org – If you’re the parent of a child who’s blind or visually impaired, this guide by the American Foundation for the Blind provides detailed information on what your rights are, including orientation and mobility services.

FriendshipCircle.org – This article details your rights as an air traveler if you have a disability such as vision impairment. It also includes some handy tips for navigating the airport and airplane, as well as ways you can enforce your rights.

Here, you can discover some of the organizations that specialize in helping the visually impaired travel around the world:

SATH.org – The Society for Accessible Travel & Hospitality was founded in 1976, and it helps expand opportunities for disabled travelers in the U.S. and abroad. On the website you’ll find a calendar of events, travel tips, need to know facts, and more.

AbroadWithDisabilities.org – Founded by Juanita Lillie (who suffers from a visual impairment), this organization has been set up to help promote the opportunities available for disabled travelers. Read inspiring stories and learn more about their travel recommendations.

BlindCamps.org – This nonprofit organization offers free camping services to the blind with locations all over Canada and the United States. These camps are affiliated with Christian Record Services Inc.

EuroBlind.org – Here you’ll find a number of useful contacts when planning a trip to Europe. Created by the EBU, this resource includes a number of hotels, companies, and travel agents that specialize in European travel for the visually impaired.

For further information and advice on traveling with a vision impairment, see the resources below:

American Council of the Blind – This website offers information for the blind and visually impaired, including a number of useful travel resources.

AFB.org – Produced by the American Foundation for the Blind, this resource page includes valuable information about traveling by public transport and airlines. It includes links to manuals, complaint forms, and contact information for the relevant organizations.

MIUSA.org – Mobility International USA has a wide range of resources available and offers great tips for planning your travel abroad. There’s also a section for those who are visiting the U.S.

Access-Able.com – On this website, you’ll find a whole host of resources that can help you plan your trip. These include guides on world destinations, links to further reading, and recommended travel agents.

DisabledTravelers.com – This resource is dedicated to information about accessible travel, providing detailed advice on adventure travel, travel companions, and much more.

AccessibleTourism.org – This website is run by the European Network for Accessible Tourism. Here, you’ll find information on European cities and how they welcome all types of travelers. You can also discover which cities have been awarded the European Access City Award .

Frequently Asked Questions

Are there travel planning guides for those who are visually impaired.

Absolutely! Travelers who are visually impaired can utilize resources like

isionAware.org
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VisionAware.org

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Yes, You Can Travel If You’re Blind or Have Low Vision

By Tom Mangan

Planning your visit

Traveling to (and from) your destination , making the most of your destination, a few final points about traveling with low vision.

Tourism and travel do not require eyesight. Whether you’re blind or dealing with low vision, you just need new ways to apply what you already know about navigating the world.

This guide to travel and tourism for blind and low-vision people will help you figure everything out. You’ll soon find out that your senses of smell, touch, hearing and taste provide everything you need to enjoy the wonders of our planet and its people.

We’ll cover:

Planning – Anticipating accessibility challenges in advance.

Navigating – Getting to your destination by plane, train, bus or cruise ship.

Experiencing – Making the most of touring, dining and lodging at your destination.

If you need inspiration, consider the case of James Holman , a sightless Englishman whose global travels made him a celebrity in the early 1800s. In an age when blind people were stigmatized and resources were negligible, Holman insisted on experiencing everything his world had to offer. Need a more recent example? Check out Tony the Traveller , who is totally sightless, partially deaf and the author of three e-books about his global solo travels.

The National Library Service for the Blind and Print Disabled, part of the U.S. Library of Congress, maintains an extensive list of links for low vision travelers . It’s a great place to find specific guidance for things like assistance animals and accessibility on cruise lines.

Now, let’s get moving on your travels.

Preparation pays off when planning a vacation or tourism holiday for people with low vision. It’s a good idea to get started several months before you plan to go. You can plan everything yourself or work with a travel agent or professional tour guide. Just make sure they have experience with visually impaired travelers.

Let’s walk through some of the most important things to plan.

Choosing a destination

If you’re undecided on where to travel, think about places that ignite the senses:

The spice of Thai food.

The aroma of a French bakery.

The touch of a Caribbean breeze.

The sounds of Mideastern music.

Look for articles online about adventure travel and urban tourism, and ask your friends with low vision for ideas about what to do and where to go. Once you've made a decision, it’s time to figure out how you can make the most of your trip.

Assessing accessibility

Some big cities are organized on grids that are easy to navigate. Remote villages may have few accessibility features, but the people there may be willing to help you out.

Nations, states and metropolitan areas usually have tourism offices and websites for visitors. Scan these sites for resources for people with low vision and blindness. The more you learn about accessibility at your destination, the better you’ll do with the rest of your preparations.

Weighing personal assistance

Think about asking a sighted friend or family member to come along. That way you can spend more time enjoying yourself and less time on distractions when navigating a new environment. And you’ll have somebody you can share memories with for years to come.

After you’ve traveled with a companion, you may decide you’d prefer to go solo. Just make sure you weigh the pros and cons of each choice.

Preparing your canine assistant

If you have an assistance dog, you’ll have to make a few special preparations. Immigration officials in the countries you’ll visit will probably need to know about your dog’s vaccination records and any other relevant health information.

Some nations may require a quarantine. As you research your destinations and explore immigration policies, make sure you know all the rules specific to animals. And don’t forget about your dog’s dietary needs and medications.

Acquiring documents and identification

To pass through airport security, you’ll need a valid, state-issued photo ID. If you’re leaving the country, you’ll have to apply for a passport if you don’t have one already. Do this as soon as you pick your destination. There are always unanticipated paperwork hassles involved in getting government documentation.

Again, ask your friends and acquaintances in the low vision community about their experiences. That should help move things along.

Updating technologies, equipment and devices

Make a checklist of the assistive devices you use every day. Are they in good condition, or should they be replaced or repaired? Make sure you have enough batteries and chargers — with adapters that match the plugs used in your destination (Europe and other regions of the world often have different electrical plug and socket formats than the U.S.). You might even consider getting duplicates for items that might get lost or stolen.

Also, dozens of smartphone apps can help with things like GPS locations and audio descriptions of your environment. For instance, Be My Eyes is an app that connects users with volunteers who can describe objects within view of a smartphone’s camera.

Filling prescriptions, getting shots

Check with your doctor and pharmacist to make sure all of your medications and prescriptions are up to date. If you’re going overseas, find out about the vaccinations you’ll need.

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has a handy page to help you match your destination with the recommended shots . The CDC strongly urges giving yourself at least a month before you leave to build up your immunities.

Dealing with dietary needs

If you’re a finicky eater, that’s fine — just avoid the stuff you don’t like. But if you have specific health requirements (gluten-free, diabetes-specific, etc.), then you have to start planning how to stay fed while traveling.

As you sort through destinations, look for restaurants and other meal sources that can accommodate your needs. Yes, it’s time-consuming because most tourist destinations have a vast array of food sources. This underscores why you have to get an early start on your travel plans.

Making reservations

When booking flights and hotel nights online, make sure you include any special accommodations you’ll require. If you find you’ve booked everything without clicking any boxes or including information about your visual impairment, take time to find a customer service page where you can double-check their accessibility policies.

Trying to get everything right when booking reservations can be an exercise in frustration if you try to do it all yourself. This is why many vacationers prefer to use travel agents and touring companies that specialize in working with people who have disabilities. It’s their job to get everything right.

Telling people where you’re going

Make sure you create an in-depth itinerary of your planned travels — especially if you’re going it alone. Even if you have a traveling companion, there’s always the potential to get separated for hours or perhaps days, depending on the ambitions of your travel plans.

Leaving an itinerary behind also helps the folks back home coordinate their efforts if they need to track you down for a family emergency.

Getting there — and back home safely — is the hard part. Planes, trains, buses and cruise ships have schedules to keep and millions of other travelers to deal with. A snowstorm in Chicago can trip up your international flight out of Atlanta.

And then you have to find your way through a maze of dropping off luggage, going through security, finding your boarding location, getting seated, retrieving your luggage and starting your vacation in an unfamiliar place. It’s enough to make some people stay home.

But you’ve made it this far and you’re not so easily discouraged. You just need specific guidance for the most likely modes of travel.

Airports handle so many travelers that they are usually well-equipped to deal with people who have low vision or blindness. Typically, it’s just a matter of asking for help when you arrive at the terminal.

Passing through security is the tricky part. Make sure you have your photo ID or passport ready at the checkpoint. If you have a cane or an assistance dog, you’ll require special attention from the security agents who have to x-ray everything. Be patient and cooperate with the agents’ requests.

At the gate, tell the airline staff about your disability and they will help you board.

Trains and buses

Train stations and bus depots may be easier to navigate than airports are, though this can vary by region and country. You may not have an assigned seat, however, so you may need to arrive early and get to the boarding area before a crowd builds up.

Calling ahead a day or two before you arrive can help the local station or depot staff assign somebody to help you out.

Cruise ships

Affordability might be the only obstacle to a cruise vacation if you have low vision or blindness. A ship has everything you need in one place, with options for dining, entertainment, relaxation and socialization.

Getting to the ship poses a long list of logistical difficulties — you don’t want to miss the boat. All-inclusive packages that include airfare may be an attractive option, though you’ll pay more for them.

Cruise lines can accommodate most dietary needs, but you’ll need to let them know in advance. Ships also have limited medical facilities for emergency care.

Packing your bags

Don’t forget you’ll have limits on luggage. You’ll also want to mark your bags to make them easier to find in baggage carousels (unusual colors, bumper stickers or flowers that stick to the bottom of a bathtub might work).

Always pack as lightly as possible and bring only the things you know you (and your assistance dog) will need. Always keep your most important items — medications, passport, documents — with you in a carry-on. Checked baggage is for extra clothing and other non-essentials.

If you plan thoroughly, you just have to take your time and enjoy your vacation once you reach your destination. A lot of that depends on where you stay, what you eat and where you go.

Hotels, resorts, spas, bed-and-breakfasts and other places to stay should not have a problem accommodating guests with low vision. There could be issues with stairs and other obstacles. Contacting the management in advance can help ensure somebody is available to help you navigate.

Most lodgings have strict rules for pets that may apply to your service dog. Make sure you find out the rules before your arrival.

If you plan ahead, you may be able to secure Braille menus if you need them. Be sure to double-check that restaurants and other dining establishments can accommodate your dietary needs. Sometimes you don’t find out what’s available until you’re on-site and placing your order.

Again, don’t forget about the dietary needs of your service dog.

Touring

You might feel fine kicking back at the hotel lounge and taking a taxi to a local concert. Guided tours reduce the risk of getting lost or injured in an accident, but you may not enjoy the regimented timeline. Do what feels best while staying in your comfort zone.

Keep these thoughts in mind throughout your vacation:

Citizens of other countries may have different attitudes toward people with disabilities. These attitudes might not be negative — people might be too helpful — but they may take some patience on your part. Be prepared to educate people on how much assistance you need.

Ask lots of questions. Things you take for granted at home (like flush toilets) may be foreign concepts in foreign lands.

Get familiar with exchange rates and local currencies. If you’re not buying with your home currency, it may be difficult to estimate the costs of local goods and services. Take some time to work out the math.

Reach out to people with low vision for information and advice. They’re the perfect allies when you’re in unfamiliar territory.

Vacation is a time to relax and take a break from the relentless stresses of everyday life. Wherever you go, give yourself plenty of time. If you enjoy having a schedule, then go ahead and travel with a tour group. If you’d rather improvise, then don’t overstress yourself trying to stay on somebody else’s timetable.

Perhaps the best way to vacation is to soak up the benefits of your strongest senses. It’s a gift to taste a fine wine or touch a stone worn smooth by a mountain stream. Let yourself enjoy those moments — and let them inspire your next vacation.

Notes and References

Tales of a blind traveler . National Public Radio. August 2006.

Meet our contributors – Tony the Traveller . GetAboutAble.com. Accessed April 2021.

Travel and recreation for the visually impaired and physically disabled . National Library Service for the Blind and Print Disabled. Accessed April 2021.

Traveling internationally with a guide dog or service animal . Mobility International USA. Accessed April 2021.

Before you fly: The transportation Security Administration and people with visual impairments . Access World, American Federation for the Blind. September 2012.

World map showing the spread of plug types . WorldStandards. March 2021.

Be My Eyes . Be My Eyes. Accessed April 2021.

Complete list of destinations . Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed April 2021.

Get vaccinated before you travel . Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed April 2021.

Traveling on trains and buses . VisionAware.com. Accessed April 2021.

Cruising as a senior with a visual impairment: How to get the most out of your adventure . Access World, American Foundation for the Blind. February 2016.

Packing for holiday travel . VisionAware.com. December 2013.

Blind and low vision tips for going abroad . Mobility International USA. Accessed April 2021.

Page published on Wednesday, May 12, 2021

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Moscow Travel Guide: Best Things to Do + More [2023]

· everything to know about visiting moscow, including the best things to do and how to get around. ·.

the red st basils church in moscow on a white winters day

Moscow is Russia’s vibrant capital city, and it also happens to be the largest city in all of Europe. The city’s long and infamous history makes it one of the most unique places we have ever visited.

The architecture ranges from centuries-old palaces to uniform, gray concrete buildings. The people range from cold and private to warm and welcoming. Moscow is a city is strong juxtapositions, and we learned a lot during our time there.

This post will break down all you need to know about visiting Moscow, including the best things to do, how to get there, how to get around, and more.

man and woman standing in front of main church in moscow

The Best Things to Do in Moscow

1. explore the red square.

The Red Square is the heart of Moscow. Most of the city’s top attractions can be found here, including just about everything on this list. The Kremlin, St. Basil’s Cathedral, and Lenin’s Mausoleum are all located here, and the State Historical Museum and GUM are not far from here, either.

The Red Square is a common home for parades, protests, and seasonal celebrations. There are massive Christmas celebrations here, with food vendors and carnival rides set up in numbers.

red orthodox church in moscow russia red square on a winter day

2. Check Out the Ziferblat

The Ziferblat is a café in Moscow that is unlike any café we have ever been to. While most cafes charge you for your drinks and food, the Ziferblat charges you for your time.

Upon arrival, you are given a clock. When you leave, the barista calculates how much time you spent in the café and charges you accordingly. This concept was created to help visitors to be more intentional with their time, and the cafe itself is incredibly charming.

For a detailed look at everything you need to know before you visit, make sure you read my post about visiting the Ziferblat Cafe in Moscow .

3. Marvel at St. Basil’s Cathedral

St. Basil’s Cathedral is one of the most iconic churches in the world, and it was the single thing we were most excited to see while in Moscow. Built almost 500 years ago, St. Basil’s Cathedral is recognized by its colorful domes and whimsical style. The church is of the Russian Orthodox faith, and the inside is just as wondrous as the outside.

St. Basil’s Cathedral is located on the edge of the Red Square, making it incredibly convenient to visit. Entrance for non-worshippers costs 800 rubles, and tickets can be bought at the church

woman in winter jacket standing in front of St Basils Russian Orthodox in moscow on a winter day

4. Explore the Kremlin

The Kremlin is the largest active fortress in Europe, and it is the site of most of Russia’s government affairs. In addition to government buildings, the Kremlin Complex is filled with courtyards, towers, and museums that are open to the public. If you have the time, you could spend a couple of days fully exploring all that there is to see in the Kremlin.

selfie of man and woman pointing to the Kremlin in Moscow

5. Walk Through Lenin’s Mausoleum

Vladimir Lenin is one of the most important figures in Russian history, and his body is located perfectly embalmed in a mausoleum in the Red Square. The Mausoleum is open to the public to visit, and as long as you are willing to go through a few security checks, it is easily one of the best things to do in Moscow. Its convenient location in the Red Square makes it a can’t miss attraction.

There is absolutely no photography allowed inside the Mausoleum. Do not test this rule.

red exterior of lenins mausoleum in moscow russia

6. Wander Along Arbat Street

The Arbat is a very popular street in Moscow that is lined with stores, cafes, and other touristy attractions. It is one of the oldest streets in the city, dating back to the 1400s. This street is both quaint and trendy, and there are many walking tours that introduce tourists to the neighborhood’s wonders and highlights.

man in sinter jacket standing in arbat street moscow at night with glistening white lights strung from the buildings

7. Catch a Show at the Bolshoi Theatre

As a lover of the arts, it is hard to think of Moscow and not think of ballet. Russia has always been a top dog in the world of fine arts, and Bolshoi Theater is one of the best places to catch a performance. We were lucky enough to attend an Opera here, and it is a venue that you don’t want to miss out on if you enjoy opera, ballet, or orchestral performances.

8. Visit the State Historical Museum

The State Historical Museum is one of the most respected museums in Moscow. Despite its name, it is not really focused on the history of Russia as a nation. Rather, it contains a collection of artifacts from all throughout Russia’s history.

The museum’s collection is very broad in nature. It houses some items from indigenous tribes that used to occupy the region, pieces collected by the Romanov family, and more.

9. Wander Around GUM

GUM is an absolutely massive mall within walking distance of the Red Square. It isn’t just the size that draws visitors here; it’s the sense of luxury. The mall is so beautiful inside, much like the metro stations.

While visiting a mall might not sound like it belongs on a bucket list, this mall does. You will not want to miss out on visiting GUM while in Moscow.

people walking inside GUM mall in russia with christmas lights

10. Admire the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour

While St. Basil’s Cathedral is the most iconic church in Moscow, it isn’t the only one. The Cathedral of Christ the Saviour is absolutely stunning, with massive golden domes. It is the tallest Orthodox church in the world, and it is the seat of the Orthodox Patriarch of Moscow.

It is located just about a mile from the Red Square, just south of the Kremlin Complex. You can walk to it from the Red Square in about 20 minutes.

How to Get to Moscow

Flying to moscow.

Moscow has three major international airports: Sheremetyevo (SVO) , Domodedovo (DMO) , and Vnukovo (VKO) . All three of them are directly connected to downtown Moscow by the Aeroexpress trains, which leave every 30 minutes throughout the day. By Aeroexpress train, you can expect to get to the city center in 25-45 minutes depending on the airport that you fly into.

Sheremetyevo is the biggest and busiest of the three airports, and it is the one you are most likely to fly into – especially if you are coming from outside of Europe or the Caucus region. We flew into Sheremetyevo on a direct flight from New York City.

I usually provide backup airport options, because flying right into the city isn’t always the cheapest way to get where you’re going. Unfortunately, when it comes to Moscow, don’t really have a choice other than to fly right into Moscow. It is a very remote city, and it is usually the cheapest place to fly into in Russia as a whole.

Since Sheremetyevo is so busy, you will probably find a great flight option anyway. I wrote in my post about finding cheap flights that using hub airports will lead to more affordable airfare, and the same logic applies here. Even though Russia’s national airline, Aeroflot, is no longer a member of the SkyTeam Alliance, Moscow is still a major hub connecting passengers from all over the world.

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Train or Bus to Moscow

Trains and buses are one of the most popular ways to get around Europe. However, they’re of very little use when you’re trying to get to Moscow.

Moscow is hundreds of miles from the nearest major cities. The only major European city that can even be reached within 8 hours on the ground is St. Petersburg, and even the Baltic capitals of Riga, Vilnius, and Tallinn are over 12 hours away.

If you want to get to Moscow, the best option is almost always to fly. While the train routes to Moscow are scenic, they simply take forever.

How to Get Around Moscow

METRO | TROLLEYS | TRAMS | BUSES

Moscow has one of the most memorable metro systems in the world. Its metro lines are very deep underground, and the stations are absolutely stunning. Each station has its own unique style, but all of them contain escalators that seem to go on forever.

turned-on chandelier on ceiling of moscow metro

The system was built in an effort to showcase the power of the Soviet Union and its bright future. The plans were a form of propaganda, but they resulted in what is still one of the most visually appealing subway systems on earth.

Moscow’s metro system isn’t just pretty. It is also very useful and accessible. The system has 17 lines that connect the city and its surrounding area.

But wait; there’s more!

The Moscow metro system is also incredibly affordable, with each ride costing less than a dollar. The metro is by far the best way to get around Moscow, as it is almost impossible to beat the connection times and the low cost to ride.

Tickets can be bought at electronic, English-speaking kiosks in stations, or directly from ticket counters at certain larger stations. There are also day passes available, which are a very solid option if you plan on riding the metro several times per day.

The metro is by far the best way to get around Moscow.

In addition to the metro system, Moscow also has a network of buses, trams, and trolleys. This system is nowhere near as convenient or well-connected as the metro, though, and is likely of little use to you during your trip. There is no Uber in Moscow, but a similar app named Yandex is available if you need a ride in a pinch.

How Many Days Do You Need in Moscow?

Moscow is the biggest city in all of Europe, and it is absolutely loaded with things to do. You could spend weeks in Moscow and still find new things to do. Of course, most travelers don’t have that kind of time to spend in one place!

I recommend spending no less than three full days in Moscow, and ideally closer to five or seven.

Moscow is very spread out, and it can take some time to get from one major point to another. There are also so many places that are nice to just sit back and relax, which is hard to do when you’re in a hurry trying to cram activities into just a few days.

If you only have a week to visit Russia, I’d advise spending all of the time in one city. If you decide to split your time between Moscow and St. Petersburg, I recommend not trying to squeeze in any day trips beyond those two cities.

When Is the Best Time of the Year to Visit Moscow?

There are two different ways to approach this question. Personally, I think the best time to visit Moscow is around Christmas and New Year’s Day. While the weather will be absolutely freezing, Moscow is a surreal winter wonderland in December and January.

We were in Moscow right before Christmas. While it was very cold, you can always bundle up. Exploring the Christmas markets and pop-up ice skating rinks throughout Moscow is one of my favorite memories from anywhere I’ve traveled, and I dream of going back to do it again.

If you aren’t fond of the cold, Moscow is beautiful in the summer. It tends to get pretty cold in the shoulder seasons, so if you want warm weather, you should plan to visit in the summer. Moscow actually gets pretty warm in July and August, and there are a bunch of fantastic places to soak up the sun within the city.

The best time to visit Moscow is either around Christmas or from late May to August.

group of people walking in moscow red square at night with christmas lights everywhere

Is Moscow Safe to Visit?

While Moscow is a truly wonderful city, there’s no denying that visiting Russia comes with risks. As the country is run by an infamous communist dictator, concerns about visiting are valid. While we didn’t experience any sort of threat or negative treatment during our time in Moscow, we visited in a peaceful time.

In our experience, Russia doesn’t seem to detain normal Americans or Westerners to use as pawns. As a regular person, as long as you don’t commit any crimes, there is a slim chance you will run into any issues. However, Russia will not hesitate to enforce its laws against foreigners, and illegal behaviors will likely land you in a very compromising position.

Russia will not hesitate to enforce its laws against foreigners, and illegal behaviors will likely land you in a very compromising position.

To make matters worse, Russia has a bad reputation for gang violence. While the Russian mafia has very little interest in normal Western tourists, they won’t hesitate to pick a fight with anyone who ventures into their sphere of influence. If you seek out illegal substances or activities, you could be a target of the mafia.

If you seek out illegal substances or activities, you could be a target of the mafia.

Finally, since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, things are all very different. Russia is currently at war, and there are battles raging within 8 hours of Moscow. While it is still relatively safe to visit, that could change at any time as the war with Ukraine continues.

Is Moscow Worth Visiting?

Without a doubt, Moscow is worth visiting. It is one of the most unique major cities we have ever visited, and we hope to make it back one day. The Russian Orthodox churches are stunning, the city’s history is unlike any other, and the food is to die for.

While many visitors prefer St. Petersburg to Moscow, I think Moscow deserves a lot of hype of its own. Moscow is the beating heart of Russian culture and history, and it’s a place I highly recommend checking out if you have the chance.

woman in head scarf hugging bronze statue of angry bear

That’s all we have for you about Moscow! I hope this post was helpful as you plan your trip to Russia’s capital.

Have you been to Moscow? Or is this your first time visiting? Comment below if you have anything to add to our travel guide!

Hi, I'm Greg. I'm an avid traveler who has traveled to over 50 countries all around the world with my wife and kids. I've lived in Italy, Mexico, China, and the United States, and I dream of moving abroad again in the future. With this blog, I provide my audience with detailed destination guides to my favorite places and pro-tips to make travel as stress-free as possible.

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What sets us apart? Reliability, user-friendliness, and excellent value for money. Our products are developed with unique innovative technologies to meet the needs of our customers. Whether you’re traveling with your camper, caravan, or boat, with Travelvision, you’ll always stay connected.

Our mission is to provide ease of use at attractive prices so you can enjoy seamless connectivity during your travels. We aim for success in the market by listening to our customers’ needs and continuously innovating.

Discover our range of high-quality connectivity products and experience the freedom of television and internet on the go with Travelvision!

Travel Vision satellite dishes first appeared on the market in 1989. In 1992 we introduced the very first analogue automatic satellite tracking antenna, a first for inland shipping. In 1996 the first Travel Vision digital satellite dishes came on the market; the Travel Vision Marine 2 for inland shipping and the Travel Vision Standard for the motorhome market. Due to the enormous demand that arose from inland shipping, we specialized in the maritime sector from 2001 onwards. The Travel Vision Modi, the first dome antenna, was soon introduced and in 2007 the Travel Vision Q6 was introduced.

Travel Vision is becoming the market leader in inland shipping in Europe, among other things by the introduction of the Travel Vision satellite dish with Duo LNB in 2010. This unique and innovative solution was once again a first for inland shipping. To reinforce this position, the Q7 DUO was introduced in June 2015, a maritime satellite dish equipped with Travel Vision’s latest Dynamic Tracking Technology. This dish offers up to 25% more signal output and is therefore extremely suitable for receiving HD channels.

In 2012, Travel Vision re-entered the market for campers and caravans with the introduction of the Travel Vision R6 satellite dish antenna, a unique fully automatic satellite dish antenna on a tripod. In early 2015, the range was expanded with the TVA satellite dish antennas, suitable for mounting on the roofs of campers and caravans. In 2017, we added LED TVs with built-in satellite receivers to our range, providing our customers with an all-in-one solution. Additionally, in 2017, the Travel Vision G6 satellite dish antenna was introduced, an automatically tracking satellite dish antenna specially designed for yachts and sea-faring vessels. In 2018, the Travel Vision R7 was launched as the successor to the highly successful R6 satellite dish antenna, with even more improved features and performance

In 2021, the 4G WiFi Connect was introduced, followed by mobile IPTV in 2022. Both solutions cater to the growing need for reliable internet connections while traveling. This evolution has positioned Travel Vision as a leading player in the field of internet and satellite reception.

As of January 2024, Travel Vision has split its business operations. The division specializing in maritime products has been acquired by Dacom Maritiem. Travel Vision has decided to further specialize in product development for the recreational vehicle market. As part of this strategic shift, a collaboration has been established with Tradekar, and the company has relocated to Culemborg.

IMAGES

A Guide To The Air Travel For Blinds Or Visually Impaired Travelers
How To Create a Travel Vision Board To Inspire You
Travel Vision R7 schotelantenne installeren
The Complete Guide to Creating a Travel Vision Board
How to Travel When You Can't: 15+ Ways to Travel Without Leaving The
Traveling With Low Or No Vision

COMMENTS

Support
Welkom op onze support pagina. Als u problemen ondervindt met uw Travel Vision systeem, kunt u verder gaan naar de supportpagina voor uw specifieke systeem door op een van de onderstaande afbeeldingen te klikken. Op de supportpagina vindt u relevante informatie, handleidingen en mogelijke oplossingen voor veel voorkomende problemen.
Travel & Eye Health Guide: Know the Signs of an Issue & What to Do
Research into common eye diseases among travelers suggests conjunctivitis is the most common problem travelers deal with. Conjunctivitis, or pink eye, is characterized by the following: Red or pinkness in the eye. Swelling. Tearing. Itching or irritation. Burning. Discharge. The feeling of foreign bodies in the eye.
Tips en Gebruikersvragen R6
Problemen met de USB stick, formatteer uw usb stick en probeer opnieuw. USB stick formatteren met Windows. Om een USB-stick te formatteren gaat u als volgt te werk: ... De Travel Vision R7 systemen zijn ontworpen voor regelmatig transport en gebruik in Europa. Zo zijn onze gebruikte schotelbladen niet van aluminium/staal maar van een ...
Travelvision 4G WiFi connect
Travelvision 4G WiFi connect Wil u beter WiFi ontvangst op de camping is dit een oplossing deze versterkt het WiFi net werk van de camping Of als er geen Wi...
How To Navigate Travel If You Have Low Vision
Bring a magnifier or travel telescope. Your eye-care provider can help you get a magnifying device that you can keep in your carry-on bag. Tag your bags. Put some kind of obvious marker on your luggage — like colored duct tape around the handle — to make it more noticeable to airport staff (or you) at baggage claim.
Eye Conditions and Their Effect on Air Travel
We are a locally owned practice that's known for our professional and personalized eye care. We offer a wide range of specialities so that we can meet all of the needs of our customers. We serve many areas, including Crystal City, VA. Call us at (703) 660-9494 in Alexandria, (703) 413-1400 in Crystal City, (703) 522-7676 in Clarendon, (703 ...
Eye disease and international travel: a critical literature review and
Travel medicine practitioners should have a comprehensive understanding of the major ocular risks associated with overseas travel, including eye infections, eye injuries and solar eye damage. ... Evidence-based guidelines based on research can also improve the quality of care and prevent long-term vision problems. Keywords: High altitude ...
Problemen met Travel Vision R6 80
Re: Problemen met travel vision r6 80. door komtwelgoed » za 09 jan 2021, 21:17. Tja, zo moeilijk kan het niet zijn. De besturingsunit zal toch naar het ontvangen signaal moeten kijken of hij de juiste satelliet heeft gevonden en optimaal staat uitgericht. Als er geen ontvanger is aangesloten, krijgt de lnb geen voedingsspanning en werkt dus niet.
Ocular problems associated air traveling
Dry-eye is the most common problem in the air travelers. As air humidity in the cabin of the aircraft is often lower than 20% of humidity rate and the air in the pressurized cabin is dehydrated, dryness in both skin and ocular surfaces usually occur. In case of low humidity, especially, the users of contact lens is at the risk of dryness ...
Resources for Travelers With a Vision Impairment
Here, you can discover some of the organizations that specialize in helping the visually impaired travel around the world: SATH.org - The Society for Accessible Travel & Hospitality was founded in 1976, and it helps expand opportunities for disabled travelers in the U.S. and abroad. On the website you'll find a calendar of events, travel ...
Travel with Blindness or Low Vision
Yes, You Can Travel If You're Blind or Have Low Vision. Tourism and travel do not require eyesight. Whether you're blind or dealing with low vision, you just need new ways to apply what you already know about navigating the world. This guide to travel and tourism for blind and low-vision people will help you figure everything out.
Can You Still Travel the World with Vision Problems?
Publish your guest post on Etramping! YES, you can travel the world with vision problems and NO, your traveling doesn't have to be ruined or come to an end because of having poor vision. Continue reading this post to find out a bit more about my eyesight problems and how I manage to handle them on the road.
Support
Travel Vision R7 Portable; Support; About us; Dealers; Documentation; Contact; Spare parts Shop; Support. Support Arie Heijblom 2023-12-21T11:38:39+01:00. Welcome to the Support Page from TravelVision. Depending on your system type, you can click on the images below to proceed to support for your system.
Travel Vision satelliet reparatie
Veelvoorkomende Travel Vision satelliet reparaties. U kunt bij Service Partner terecht voor al uw Travel Vision satelliet reparaties. Veelvoorkomende problemen zijn: De ontvangen werkt niet meer. De melding gecodeerd kanaal. Geen beeld meer bij gecodeerde kanalen. Maar ook voor andere Travel Vision satelliet problemen kunt u terecht bij Service ...
Travelvision Mobiel IPTV
TV Kijken over Internet
Support Travelvision R6
Handleiding R6 Flat. Handleiding R6 80. Support Travelvision R6 Firmware Download R6 Aanmelden update Service R6 Tips en Veelgestelde Vragen Instructie video Handleiding R6 55-65 (Duo) Handleiding R6 Flat Handleiding R6 80.
21 Things to Know Before You Go to Moscow
1: Off-kilter genius at Delicatessen: Brain pâté with kefir butter and young radishes served mezze-style, and the caviar and tartare pizza. Head for Food City. You might think that calling Food City (Фуд Сити), an agriculture depot on the outskirts of Moscow, a "city" would be some kind of hyperbole. It is not.
Home
Travel Vision Watch television with just a push on the button Home Arie Heijblom 2023-12-21T11:35:45+01:00. Welcome to Travelvision. Travelvision offers high-quality connectivity products for ships and for motorhomes and caravans. We specialize in satellite TV, WiFi, 4G LTE and wireless technology for mobile applications.
[4K] Walking Streets Moscow. Moscow-City
Walking tour around Moscow-City.Thanks for watching!MY GEAR THAT I USEMinimalist Handheld SetupiPhone 11 128GB https://amzn.to/3zfqbboMic for Street https://...
Moscow Travel Guide: Best Things to Do + More [2023]
3. Marvel at St. Basil's Cathedral. St. Basil's Cathedral is one of the most iconic churches in the world, and it was the single thing we were most excited to see while in Moscow. Built almost 500 years ago, St. Basil's Cathedral is recognized by its colorful domes and whimsical style.
Home
Home - Travel Vision BV (Tradekar Benelux BV) Welkom bij Travelvision, dé specialist in hoogwaardige producten voor satelliet-tv, internet tv en WiFi voor campers en caravans. Als marktleider streven we ernaar om betrouwbare en gebruiksvriendelijke oplossingen te bieden die perfect aansluiten bij de behoeften van onze klanten.
MOSCOW CITY CENTRE TOUR. PART 1 /// RUSSIA TRAVEL VIDEO ...
There are lots to see in the city centre of Moscow, so we decided to start our series of Russia travel videos by showing you around the most historical part ...
About us
Additionally, in 2017, the Travel Vision G6 satellite dish antenna was introduced, an automatically tracking satellite dish antenna specially designed for yachts and sea-faring vessels. In 2018, the Travel Vision R7 was launched as the successor to the highly successful R6 satellite dish antenna, with even more improved features and performance