tours in ghent

THE 10 BEST Ghent City Tours

City tours in ghent.

• Historical & Heritage Tours
• Walking Tours
• Cultural Tours
• Up to 1 hour
• 1 to 4 hours
• 4 hours to 1 day
• 5.0 of 5 bubbles
• 4.0 of 5 bubbles & up
• 3.0 of 5 bubbles & up
• 2.0 of 5 bubbles & up
• Likely to Sell Out
• The ranking of tours, activities, and experiences available on Tripadvisor is determined by several factors including the revenue generated by Tripadvisor from these bookings, the frequency of user clicks, and the volume and quality of customer reviews. Occasionally, newly listed offerings may be prioritized and appear higher in the list. The specific placement of these new listings may vary.

1. Bruges and Ghent - Belgium's Fairytale Cities - from Brussels

2. Guided Boat Trip in Ghent

3. From Zeebrugge: Beautiful Bruges & opt Ghent Shore Excursion

4. Ghent Like a Local: Customized Private Tour

5. e-Scavenger hunt Ghent: Explore the city at your own pace

6. Private Ghent Beer & Brewery Tour by a young local

7. AudioGuide Ghent

8. Bruges Private Custom Tour from Amsterdam

9. Private tour : Treasures of Flanders Ghent and Bruges from Brussels Full day

10. Ghent: Walking Tour with Audio Guide on App

11. Enjoy Day Trip to Ghent

12. 7-Day Sightseeing Tour to Belgium — Netherlands from Brussels by Minivan

13. Unforgettable private tour to Belgium’s most delightful cities Bruges and Ghent

14. Private Bruges, Ghent Full-day trip by Mercedes from Paris

15. Half Day Private Tour Ghent Highlights Historical

16. Discover Ghent and Bruges in Private day trip from Brussels Full day

17. Private Tour: Treasures of Flanders Ghent and Bruges of Brussels Full day

Keep the fun going with other experiences in the area.

Guided tour of Bruges and Boat Trip

The 10 Tastings of Bruges With Locals: Private Food Tour

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Private Brussels Tour with a Local, Highlights & Hidden Gems, Custom

Small-Group Highlights of Brussels Bike Tour

Brussels Tootbus Discovery Hop On Hop Off Bus Tour

e-Scavenger hunt Bruges: Explore the city at your own pace

Flanders Fields Remembrance Tour from Bruges with Lunch

Brussels Private Custom Tour with a Local Guide, Kickstart your Trip

Brussels PRIVATE TOUR With Locals: Highlights & Hidden Gems

Bruges Self-Guided City Walking Tour with Audio Guide

What travelers are saying.

Top Tours in Ghent, Belgium

Ghent tours.

• Historical & Heritage Tours
• Walking Tours
• Cultural Tours
• Up to 1 hour
• 1 to 4 hours
• 4 hours to 1 day
• 5.0 of 5 bubbles
• 4.0 of 5 bubbles & up
• 3.0 of 5 bubbles & up
• 2.0 of 5 bubbles & up
• Likely to Sell Out
• Special Offers
• The ranking of tours, activities, and experiences available on Tripadvisor is determined by several factors including the revenue generated by Tripadvisor from these bookings, the frequency of user clicks, and the volume and quality of customer reviews. Occasionally, newly listed offerings may be prioritized and appear higher in the list. The specific placement of these new listings may vary.

1. Bruges and Ghent - Belgium's Fairytale Cities - from Brussels

2. Bruges and Ghent Day Trip from Brussels

3. Guided boat trip in medieval Ghent

4. Historical Walking Tour: Legends of Gent

5. Antwerp and Ghent Day Trip from Brussels With Atomium Photo Stop

6. Ghent Highlights Private Historical Tour

7. Discover Ghent beer world with a chocolate pairing by a young local

8. Private Full-Day Trip to Bruges&Ghent from Brussels with tastings

9. Guided Boat Trip in Ghent

10. Ghent: Walking Tour with Audio Guide on App

11. Bus day trip to Ghent from Brussels

12. Ghent Beer and Sightseeing Adventure

13. Gastronomic Walking Tour of Gent - Tasters included

14. Bicycle tour in historic Ghent

15. Best Of Bruges and Ghent Private Tour from Brussels

16. Private tour : Treasures of Flanders Ghent and Bruges from Brussels Full day

17. From Zeebrugge: Beautiful Bruges & opt Ghent Shore Excursion

18. Ghent Bike Tour Off-the-beaten-track

19. BeerWalk Ghent (English guide)

20. Ghent Like a Local: Customized Private Tour

21. e-Scavenger hunt Ghent: Explore the city at your own pace

22. Private Ghent Beer & Brewery Tour by a young local

23. Ghent Small-Group Chocolate Tour with Local guide

24. AudioGuide Ghent

25. Discover historic + authentic Ghent & taste the best chocolate

26. Bruges Private Custom Tour from Amsterdam

27. Private Tour: Ghent and Bruges From Brussels Full Day

28. Ghent Private Tasting Tour with local guide

29. All-in-One Bruges and opt. Ghent Shore Excursion from Zeebrugge

30. Discover Ghent while playing! Escape game - The Walter case

What travellers are saying.

Exploring Ghent with WALKINGENT

Guided tours

Ghent is fantastic! We would love to let you enjoy our beautiful city.

Day programs

Want more than just a tour of the city? We are happy to work out a customized program for you.

historical highlights

The medieval center between Lys and Scheldt offers an array of historical highlights and fascinating stories. We start at St. Bavo Square in the shadow of the belfry and cathedral. Passing centuries-old patrician houses, we walk to Ghent City Hall. Via the Castle of the Counts and the Groot Vleeshuis, we reach the beating heart of Ghent, the Graslei and Korenlei. This medieval harbor is flanked by beautiful historic guild houses. On St. Michael’s Bridge, you will enjoy an enchanting view of Ghent’s three towers.

You can combine this tour with a tasting of the most exquisite chocolate chocolates Ghent has to offer.

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GHENT in pictures

Ghent, a jewel in Belgium, where ancient architecture and modern lifestyle merge along winding canals. Medieval buildings reflect in the water, while lively markets and artsy cafes enrich city life. A city where history breathes in every stone, yet warmly embraces the present. Here visitors will find perfect harmony between the past and the future, captured in every cozy corner and bustling square. Ghent, an unforgettable treasure, waiting to be discovered.

Home » Travel Guides » Belgium » 10 Best Ghent Tours

10 Best Ghent Tours

The beautiful port city of Ghent, which is situated in the Flemish region of Belgium, is the biggest city in the province of East Flanders.

With a population of about 260,000 people, the city is small enough to hold onto that old-world charm it’s known for, and big enough to have a modern cosmopolitan feel.

Ghent is one of the oldest cities in the country, so you can expect to see medieval architecture and cobblestone streets mixed in with modern public squares, markets, world-class museums, and outstanding restaurants showcasing the food scene the city is famous for.

The friendly locals embrace the good life and make the most out of their free time. The best time to witness this zest for life is after dark, when the city is beautifully lit up and the beer – which the city is also known for – flows.

A number of festivals are held throughout the year in Ghent, including the Ghent Festival and the International Film Festival of Ghent.

Below are 15 of the best tours in Ghent.

1. Take a Private Walking Tour of Ghent

Meet your guide at your hotel or pre-determined meeting spot and get a private walking tour of a Medieval area of Ghent in the historic heart of the city.

Walk along the old streets and see many of the main attractions, including St. Nicolas’ Church, Gravensteen Castle, St. Bravo’s Abbey, Dulle Griet, House of Alijn, and Town Hall.

Admire the beautiful architecture as you take in the sights and sounds of this vibrant section of the city. End the tour at the Old Fish Market.

2. Feel the Wind Through Your Hair with a Bike Tour of Ghent

Meet your guide and be provided with a mountain bike, helmet, and complimentary water bottle so you can explore some of the more off-the-beaten areas of Ghent in comfort. During this three-hour tour, you’ll see parts of the city that aren’t usually seen by tourists.

Soar through the suburbs and more natural areas of the city but see some of the well-known landmarks as well. Along the way, you’ll see colorful street art and hear stories and facts from your informative guide.

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3. Get a Taste of Belgium Beer

Belgium is known for its beer, and the city of Ghent is the perfect place to experience a lively local bar scene and taste some of the great beers that are brewed in the country.

Meet up with your guide in the city center and spend the next three hours admiring the architecture of the city, seeing iconic landmarks, tasting local delicacies, and sampling a variety of craft beers. Along the way, learn about the history of local brewing techniques.

Before you even get to the first bar on the tour, you’ll stop at your guide’s preferred chocolate shop, where you’ll have the chance to sample some sweets and get some tips on how to pair chocolate with beer.

During the tour, you’ll taste beer at five local watering holes, each with a different atmosphere. You’ll also play a fun beer game with your fellow tour participants.

At the end of the tour, your guide will provide you with suggestions on the best bars to go to if you wish to continue sampling local beers on your own.

4. Enjoy a Relaxing Boat Trip Through Medieval Ghent

During this 50-minute tour, you’ll get to see some of Ghent’s most beautiful landmarks from a unique perspective – a boat.

During your sail through the Medieval center, you’ll pass by St. Bavo’s Cathedral, the Fish Market, St. Nicholas’ Church, Castle of the Counts, and the Belfry, before sailing through the ancient port of the city.

Along the way, your knowledgeable guide will narrate the fascinating history of Ghent and provide information about historic sites.

5. Visit Belfort of Ghent without the Line-ups

This ticket allows you to visit the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Belfort without having to wait in line to gain entry.

During your visit, you can climb to the top of this must-see attraction in Ghent. Once at the top, you’ll admire panoramic vistas from the 14th-century tower, which is also the tallest belfry in the city.

6. Take a Combination Bus/Walking Tour of Ghent

During this 2.5-hour tour, you’ll explore Ghent by bus and on foot and see various architectural styles and historic sites.

The tour starts on the bus. As you make your way through the city streets, you’ll see the Millionaires’ Quarter, St. Peter’s Church, and Vooruit.

The walking tour focuses mainly on the historic center of the city, where you’ll see Woodrow Wilson Square, Fortress Gerard de Duivelsteen, the Belfry, Town Hall, St. Bavo’s Cathedral, The Friday Market, and St. Nicholas’ Church.

Listen carefully as your guide recounts stories of times past and provides a history of the buildings along the way.

7. Play the Escape Room Game

Escape the city for some time while trying to escape from a room in a unique setting inside Bar Bielologie. You’ll have one hour to solve clues and puzzles that will help you escape the room before the time is up.

Kick back with some local beer in the cozy bar afterward.

8. Participate in a Private Photo Session

Whether you’re traveling alone or in a group, it can be hard to get good photos of you and your party while exploring Ghent. This private photo session is the perfect way to capture your visit and have something to look at for years to come.

Your professional photographer will suggest the best locations to take the photos and make recommendations on what you can do to ensure you get the best shots. In the end, you’ll have edited HD photos of your memorable trip.

9. Indulge in Local Chocolate

It’s not hard to find places that sell local chocolate while wandering the streets of Ghent. However, it’s hard to know which places have the best chocolate. On this two-hour walking tour, you’ll have a chance to admire some of the city’s most iconic landmarks, such as Saint Bavo’s Cathedral, and sample eight different chocolate-based treats at some of the city’s best shops. Learn about the city, its famous sites, and its notorious chocolate-making history.

10. Take a Guided Tour of Mons Memorial Museum

During any trip to Ghent, you’ll get a number of history lessons covering various time periods. The Mons Memorial Museum is a must-visit if you wish to get a lesson on one crucial but painful time in the history of Ghent and Belgium as a whole.

During this tour, you’ll make your way through the museum at your own pace while your guide, who is also a local historian specializing in war history, recounts the history of that time.

See artifacts and exhibits relating to the soldiers and the battles they fought during World War 1 and World War 2.

10 Best Ghent Tours:

• Take a Private Walking Tour of Ghent
• Feel the Wind Through Your Hair with a Bike Tour of Ghent
• Get a Taste of Belgium Beer
• Enjoy a Relaxing Boat Trip Through Medieval Ghent
• Visit Belfort of Ghent without the Line-ups
• Take a Combination Bus/Walking Tour of Ghent
• Play the Escape Room Game
• Participate in a Private Photo Session
• Indulge in Local Chocolate
• Take a Guided Tour of Mons Memorial Museum

THE 10 BEST Ghent Private Tours

Private tours in ghent.

• Historical & Heritage Tours
• Walking Tours
• Cultural Tours
• Private Tours
• Up to 1 hour
• 1 to 4 hours
• 4 hours to 1 day
• 5.0 of 5 bubbles
• 4.0 of 5 bubbles & up
• 3.0 of 5 bubbles & up
• 2.0 of 5 bubbles & up
• Likely to Sell Out
• Special Offers
• The ranking of tours, activities, and experiences available on Tripadvisor is determined by several factors including the revenue generated by Tripadvisor from these bookings, the frequency of user clicks, and the volume and quality of customer reviews. Occasionally, newly listed offerings may be prioritized and appear higher in the list. The specific placement of these new listings may vary.

1. Ghent Highlights Private Historical Tour

2. Private Full-Day Trip to Bruges&Ghent from Brussels with tastings

3. Best Of Bruges and Ghent Private Tour from Brussels

4. Private tour : Treasures of Flanders Ghent and Bruges from Brussels Full day

5. Ghent Like a Local: Customized Private Tour

6. e-Scavenger hunt Ghent: Explore the city at your own pace

7. Private Ghent Beer & Brewery Tour by a young local

8. AudioGuide Ghent

9. Private tour in historic Ghent

10. Bruges Private Custom Tour from Amsterdam

11. Private Tour: Ghent and Bruges From Brussels Full Day

12. Ghent Private Tasting Tour with local guide

13. Ride The Unexpected Guided Tour Ghent by Urban Offroad E-Scooter

14. Private Evening Tour: The Dark Side of Gent

15. Private tour : Treasures of Flanders Ghent and Bruges from Brussels Full day

16. Ghent Private Highlights Tour with local guide

17. Ghent: Walking Tour with Audio Guide on App

18. Private Tour - Bruges and Ghent, our fairytale cities

19. Ghent Private Off The Beaten Path Tour with local guide

20. Ghent Private Chocolate Tour with local guide

21. Private tour : Treasures of flanders Ghent and Bruges From Zeebrugge Full day

22. 3 Days Private Tour Belgium:Bruges-Ghent-Antwerp-Brussels-Waterlo

23. Private 8-hour excursion to Ghent and Antwerp from Brussels with Hotel Pick Up

24. Taste of Ghent: Private Chocolate Walking Tour

25. Self Guided City Audio Tour in Ghent

26. 2 Hours Private Historical Walking in Ghent

27. Private Tour to Belgian Architecture Gem: Ghent

28. 7-Day Sightseeing Tour to Belgium — Netherlands from Brussels by Minivan

29. Unforgettable private tour to Belgium’s most delightful cities Bruges and Ghent

30. Hidden Ghent: A Self-Guided Audio Tour Of The Flemish City

What travellers are saying.

Free & Private Tours

Ben's Ghent

Not 1, not 2, but 3 free tours you don’t want to miss.

I’ve been a backpacker for many years and I’ve always enjoyed free tours by locals. Locals tell poignant stories and have a profound knowledge about history, culture, architecture and entertainment. Moreover, they know the mentality and hidden secrets. Locals dig deeper and provide you with authentic experiences.

Official Ghent city guide

I happen to be a deep-rooted Ghent local. And an official Ghent city Guide. A bonus for you. Friends tell me I’m the best Ghent ambassador with tons of enthusiasm and a good sense of humour.

Become a Ghent ambassador

I want to infect you with my love for Ghent by making you a Ghent ambassador too. I’d like you to fully enjoy every single aspect of my beloved town.

That’s why I’m offering you not 1, not 2, but 3 authentic Ghent experiences for individual travellers, couples and small individual groups of up to 8 persons. Together you form a tour group of maximum 20 persons.

1 Free Gorgeous Ghent by night Tour

March – October: every day 10pm

November – February: Thursday – Sunday 10pm

2 Free Highlights of Ghent Tour

March – October: Wednesday – Sunday 4pm

November – February: Thursday – Sunday 4pm

3 Free Graffiti & Street Art Tour

Every Saturday 1pm

• Destinations

Free tours in Gent

• Tours in Gent

Ghent - Authenticity with a strong pulse in 'Medieval Manhattan'

The Belgian port city of Ghent, or Gent, is a lively University city rich in culture, history, vibrant nightlife, ancient charm, modern beauty and a hint of honest urban grit.

Gent's heritage stretches back to the Middle Ages when it was an important large city-state and the best way to delve into this remarkable history and all Ghent has to offer is to join a lovely local guide on a Freetour.com recommended free walking tour. You'll get fantastic hints & tips and local recommendations while you explore centuries of history and discover beautiful sights & stories along the way, including Belfort, St. Michaels Church, St. Bavo's Cathedral, beautiful guildhalls, the 12th Century Castle of the Counts and the Belfry – perch of the all-seeing dragon, watching over the city from 95 metres up since 1380.

There's plenty to do in Ghent after your free walking tour – marvel in museums & galleries, enjoy fantastic theatre, live music & performance arts, stroll along the waters-edge, snap a breath-taking panorama from St. Michael's bridge of the beautiful cityscape punctuated by majestic Medieval towers, relax at the delightful Portus ganda marina, treat your taste-buds in sublime cafes & restaurants and hit the bars, pubs and clubs for famously great Belgian beer and absorb the nightlife of this wonderfully vibrant student city. Get to Ghent and you won't regret it for a second!

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Boat trips in Ghent

These boat companies offer enjoyable trips on Ghent’s gentle waters. Traditional boat trips are held daily. To find out about themed tours, contact one of the boat companies in advance. The captain on board provides a guided tour in several languages. 

The people of Bootjes in Gent and Gent Watertoerist are happy to help you on board with your wheelchair (if there are multiple people with a wheelchair, please let us know beforehand). 

De bootjes van Gent - Rederij Dewaele

Gent Watertoerist

Rederij De Gentenaer

Boat in Gent

The Ghent water tram: hop-on, hop-off

From 1 April to 1 November Ghent will also feature a water tram service, which makes a circuit around the city. Jump aboard at one of the water stops. It’s free with the CityCard !

Hop on hop off water tram

Boat Trips - with skipper

If you want to discover Ghent by boat, you can rent a vessel with skipper. Whether you want a cosy trip for two or a lavish family boat tour, there are rental boats for every type of group. Some boat rentals also offer perks, such as an onboard breakfast or a delicious aperitif.   

De Gentse Barge

De Griffioen

Viadagio vzw

Cruise 4 Two

Benelux Rederij

Leiecruises

Boat Trips - sail yourself

Don’t feel like joining a shared boat trip and don’t want someone else to take the helm? Rent a vessel without skipper for yourself or your party. Book the boat of your choice in advance and you are sure to have a vessel. You can guide your party through Ghent’s inland waterways yourself or take a trip down the river Lys if you prefer something more laid back.   

Leie Yachting

Minerva Boat Company

Kajak en rafting

Want to take a boat trip and flex your muscles at the same time? That is also possible in Ghent. Rent a kayak (two paddles), a canoe (one paddle) or a rafting boat and sail down Ghent’s waterways!  

Kajaks Korenlei

Rafting & Outdoor Events

Kuiperskano

Sailing your own boat

Are you coming to Ghent with your own boat? Plan your visit and consult all information about the marinas, shipping routes, etc. in the city here.   

Sail your own boat to Ghent

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Out of the Centre

Savvino-storozhevsky monastery and museum.

Zvenigorod's most famous sight is the Savvino-Storozhevsky Monastery, which was founded in 1398 by the monk Savva from the Troitse-Sergieva Lavra, at the invitation and with the support of Prince Yury Dmitrievich of Zvenigorod. Savva was later canonised as St Sabbas (Savva) of Storozhev. The monastery late flourished under the reign of Tsar Alexis, who chose the monastery as his family church and often went on pilgrimage there and made lots of donations to it. Most of the monastery’s buildings date from this time. The monastery is heavily fortified with thick walls and six towers, the most impressive of which is the Krasny Tower which also serves as the eastern entrance. The monastery was closed in 1918 and only reopened in 1995. In 1998 Patriarch Alexius II took part in a service to return the relics of St Sabbas to the monastery. Today the monastery has the status of a stauropegic monastery, which is second in status to a lavra. In addition to being a working monastery, it also holds the Zvenigorod Historical, Architectural and Art Museum.

Belfry and Neighbouring Churches

Located near the main entrance is the monastery's belfry which is perhaps the calling card of the monastery due to its uniqueness. It was built in the 1650s and the St Sergius of Radonezh’s Church was opened on the middle tier in the mid-17th century, although it was originally dedicated to the Trinity. The belfry's 35-tonne Great Bladgovestny Bell fell in 1941 and was only restored and returned in 2003. Attached to the belfry is a large refectory and the Transfiguration Church, both of which were built on the orders of Tsar Alexis in the 1650s.  

To the left of the belfry is another, smaller, refectory which is attached to the Trinity Gate-Church, which was also constructed in the 1650s on the orders of Tsar Alexis who made it his own family church. The church is elaborately decorated with colourful trims and underneath the archway is a beautiful 19th century fresco.

Nativity of Virgin Mary Cathedral

The Nativity of Virgin Mary Cathedral is the oldest building in the monastery and among the oldest buildings in the Moscow Region. It was built between 1404 and 1405 during the lifetime of St Sabbas and using the funds of Prince Yury of Zvenigorod. The white-stone cathedral is a standard four-pillar design with a single golden dome. After the death of St Sabbas he was interred in the cathedral and a new altar dedicated to him was added.

Under the reign of Tsar Alexis the cathedral was decorated with frescoes by Stepan Ryazanets, some of which remain today. Tsar Alexis also presented the cathedral with a five-tier iconostasis, the top row of icons have been preserved.

Tsaritsa's Chambers

The Nativity of Virgin Mary Cathedral is located between the Tsaritsa's Chambers of the left and the Palace of Tsar Alexis on the right. The Tsaritsa's Chambers were built in the mid-17th century for the wife of Tsar Alexey - Tsaritsa Maria Ilinichna Miloskavskaya. The design of the building is influenced by the ancient Russian architectural style. Is prettier than the Tsar's chambers opposite, being red in colour with elaborately decorated window frames and entrance.

At present the Tsaritsa's Chambers houses the Zvenigorod Historical, Architectural and Art Museum. Among its displays is an accurate recreation of the interior of a noble lady's chambers including furniture, decorations and a decorated tiled oven, and an exhibition on the history of Zvenigorod and the monastery.

Palace of Tsar Alexis

The Palace of Tsar Alexis was built in the 1650s and is now one of the best surviving examples of non-religious architecture of that era. It was built especially for Tsar Alexis who often visited the monastery on religious pilgrimages. Its most striking feature is its pretty row of nine chimney spouts which resemble towers.

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The Unique Burial of a Child of Early Scythian Time at the Cemetery of Saryg-Bulun (Tuva)

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Pages:  379-406

In 1988, the Tuvan Archaeological Expedition (led by M. E. Kilunovskaya and V. A. Semenov) discovered a unique burial of the early Iron Age at Saryg-Bulun in Central Tuva. There are two burial mounds of the Aldy-Bel culture dated by 7th century BC. Within the barrows, which adjoined one another, forming a figure-of-eight, there were discovered 7 burials, from which a representative collection of artifacts was recovered. Burial 5 was the most unique, it was found in a coffin made of a larch trunk, with a tightly closed lid. Due to the preservative properties of larch and lack of air access, the coffin contained a well-preserved mummy of a child with an accompanying set of grave goods. The interred individual retained the skin on his face and had a leather headdress painted with red pigment and a coat, sewn from jerboa fur. The coat was belted with a leather belt with bronze ornaments and buckles. Besides that, a leather quiver with arrows with the shafts decorated with painted ornaments, fully preserved battle pick and a bow were buried in the coffin. Unexpectedly, the full-genomic analysis, showed that the individual was female. This fact opens a new aspect in the study of the social history of the Scythian society and perhaps brings us back to the myth of the Amazons, discussed by Herodotus. Of course, this discovery is unique in its preservation for the Scythian culture of Tuva and requires careful study and conservation.

Keywords: Tuva, Early Iron Age, early Scythian period, Aldy-Bel culture, barrow, burial in the coffin, mummy, full genome sequencing, aDNA

Information about authors: Marina Kilunovskaya (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation). Candidate of Historical Sciences. Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Dvortsovaya Emb., 18, Saint Petersburg, 191186, Russian Federation E-mail: [email protected] Vladimir Semenov (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation). Candidate of Historical Sciences. Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Dvortsovaya Emb., 18, Saint Petersburg, 191186, Russian Federation E-mail: [email protected] Varvara Busova  (Moscow, Russian Federation).  (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation). Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences.  Dvortsovaya Emb., 18, Saint Petersburg, 191186, Russian Federation E-mail:  [email protected] Kharis Mustafin  (Moscow, Russian Federation). Candidate of Technical Sciences. Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.  Institutsky Lane, 9, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Moscow Oblast, Russian Federation E-mail:  [email protected] Irina Alborova  (Moscow, Russian Federation). Candidate of Biological Sciences. Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.  Institutsky Lane, 9, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Moscow Oblast, Russian Federation E-mail:  [email protected] Alina Matzvai  (Moscow, Russian Federation). Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.  Institutsky Lane, 9, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Moscow Oblast, Russian Federation E-mail:  [email protected]

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