air travel guidelines for liquids

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Liquids Rule

You are allowed to bring a quart-sized bag of liquids, aerosols, gels, creams and pastes in your carry-on bag and through the checkpoint. These are limited to travel-sized containers that are 3.4 ounces (100 milliliters) or less per item. Placing these items in the small bag and separating from your carry-on baggage facilitates the screening process. Pack items that are in containers larger than 3.4 ounces or 100 milliliters in checked baggage.

Any liquid, aerosol, gel, cream or paste that alarms during screening will require additional screening.

• Medications
• Infant and child nourishments

Inbound International Flights

You may carry duty free liquids in secure, tamper–evident bags, more than 3.4 oz or 100 ml in your carry-on bag if:

• The duty free liquids were purchased internationally and you are traveling to the United States with a connecting flight.
• The liquids are packed in a transparent, secure, tamper-evident bag by the retailer and do not show signs of tampering when presented to TSA for screening.
• The original receipt for the liquids is present and the purchase was made within 48 hours.

The items inside the secure, tamper-evident bags must be screened and cleared. Any item that alarms or is unable to be screened will not be permitted in your carry-on bag. We recommend packing all liquids, gels, and aerosols that are over 3.4 oz or 100 ml in your checked baggage, even if they are in a secure, tamper-evident bag.

Here's the 411 on the TSA's 3-1-1 liquids rule

We've all been there. Waiting in the Transportation Security Administration line only to hear agents call for a "bag check," often because a traveler had a liquid product in their carry-on that's over the allowed limit (or some sort of other prohibited item).

It's a process that can sure slow things down, particularly on the busiest travel days. As you pack for your trip and consider what to put in your carry-on or checked luggage, it's important to consider what the TSA's limits are for liquids and similar products.

Since September 2006, the TSA has gone by the 3-1-1 rule when it comes to those types of products, including items like toothpaste, shampoo, conditioner, mouthwash and lotion -- sunscreen included.

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In short, the 3-1-1 rule is: Each liquid you bring through the TSA checkpoint must be in a 3.4-ounce or smaller container ("3"), all containers must be placed inside one clear quart-size plastic bag ("1") and each passenger is only allowed one plastic bag ("1").

If you meet those requirements, you should get through security without issue. However, if your liquid items are larger than 3.4 ounces each, you'll have to leave them in your checked bag.

There are a few exceptions, though.

The TSA has kept in place a temporary pandemic exception to the rule, allowing up to 12 ounces of liquid hand sanitizer in carry-on baggage.

Part of this exception: The hand sanitizer will have to be screened separately since it's technically over the limit. You'll need to remove it from your bag before it goes through the scanner.

There are also exceptions for larger amounts of medically necessary liquids, gels and aerosols. You can bring those products in larger, "reasonable" quantities, the TSA's website says. However, you must declare those items to security officers at the checkpoint for inspection.

This could, obviously, take a little more time than if you're traveling without those items.

This exception doesn't include sunscreen, despite calls to relax sunscreen restrictions at TSA checkpoints. Like other liquid products, sunscreen bottles over 3.4 ounces must go in your checked luggage.

There are also many liquids you cannot bring with you .

You can bring creamy cheeses, liquid chocolate, liquid coffee, creamy dips and spreads, gravy, honey, hummus, ice cream, jam, jelly, juice, syrup, peanut butter, salad dressing, sauce, salsa, soda, soup and yogurt as long as they are in a container of less than 3.4 ounces according to the TSA .

Related: Should you get TSA PreCheck or Clear — or both?

And yes, you can bring your water bottle with you, even if it weighs more than 3.4 ounces — as long as it's empty. This can also be a great way to save money at the airport, since -- as the TSA points out -- many airports have filling stations for reusable water bottles.

When in doubt, consult the TSA's list of what you can carry through the airport and check with your airline.

Additional reporting by Clint Henderson and Sean Cudahy.

UponArriving

TSA Liquid Rules Ultimate Guide (3-1-1 Explained) [2023]

Bringing your liquids through airport security is not always as straightforward as you might think.

There are several rules that apply when bringing your liquids through airport security checkpoints and, yes, many are obvious to those of us blessed with a shred of common sense.

But in some cases there are some less obvious restrictions that could apply to your liquids.

And when you start talking about things like baby essentials, medications, and liquids like alcohol, there are many lesser-known rules and exceptions that come into play.

Violating these rules can sometimes mean slowing down the flow of the screening checkpoint (something we all should want to avoid) but in other cases it could mean violating the law and you basically becoming an airport criminal.

And nobody wants that.

So it’s a good idea to get acquainted with how these rules work and in this article, I’ll give you a detailed breakdown of the 3-1-1 rule and also talk about the many different types of exceptions and additional rules that apply to different types of liquids such as medications and alcohol.

Table of Contents

What is the TSA Liquids “3-1-1 Rule?”

The TSA Liquids 3-1-1 Rule states that you can only bring liquids in containers no larger than 3.4 liquid ounces (100 milliliters) and that all of your liquid containers must fit “comfortably” into one clear, quart-size bag.

Where does the 3-1-1 come from?

It’s just an easy way to memorize the different requirements that make up the rule and I’ll hit on those below.

3.4 fluid ounces or (100 mL)

The “three” indicates that your liquids must be contained within a container no larger than 3.4 fluid ounces or (100 ml).

(TSA uses 3.4 ounces because it’s easier to remember but really  100 ml comes out to 3.3814 fluid ounces. )

One of the biggest things that people get confused about is that the 3.4 ounce requirement applies to the size of the container and not the liquid within the container.

So let’s say that you have a 6 ounce container with only 2 ounces of fluid inside.

You may think that because you have under 3.4 fluid ounces of liquid, you are good to go but because your container is larger than 3.4 ounces, you cannot bring that through TSA.

The other big thing to know is that this refers to fluid ounces which relates to volume and is very different from ounces used for weight.

Some products like honey could weigh 4 ounces but still fit inside of a 3.4 fluid ounce container. It helps to know how to convert ounces/grams to fluid ounces .

Tip: Use the free app WalletFlo to help you travel the world for free by finding the best travel credit cards and promotions!

1 quart-sized resealable bag

The first “one” means that your liquids must fit within 1 quart-sized resealable bag. Typically, this will be a clear Ziploc bag which just makes things easy for everybody.

The key thing to note here is that the containers must fit “comfortably” inside this resealable bag.

What does “comfortably” mean?

It basically just means that the bag is not bursting at the seams. (Think about how a pair of jeans should fit when you’re being honest with yourself about your waist size.)

If you are not able to easily reseal your bag, then your contents may not be fitting comfortably inside.

In such a scenario, it’s possible that a TSA agent could ask you to throw something out in order to allow your bag to comply with the rules.

In my personal experience, I have not seen a lot of TSA agents enforce the “comfortable” requirement very strictly but if you have bottles poking out of your liquids bag, I could see that being an issue.

1 quart size bag per person

The last requirement is that you are allowed 1 quart size bag per person.

The easiest way to comply with this is to simply separate your liquids bag from your carry-on and have one liquids bag in your bin when going through security.

Otherwise, it could look like you are trying to bring through two bags of liquids.

The best packing tip I have for this is to keep your liquids bag at the top of your carry-on so that you can easily retrieve it.

There’s nothing worse than scrambling to find that liquids bag while trying to get ready to go through a screening checkpoint.

TSA Pre-Check liquids rule

TSA Pre-Check allows you to bypass the main security line and pass through a screening line that is usually much shorter and quicker. This also means avoiding the full body scanner in many cases. It basically makes you a VIP when it comes to airport security checkpoints.

If you have TSA Pre-Check , you can take advantage of several benefits including things like:

• Shoes can stay on
• Belt can stay on
• Light jackets can stay on
• Laptops allowed to stay in bag
• Liquids (3-1-1) can stay in bag

That last perk is the most relevant to the liquids rule as you will not have to remove your liquids bag and place them in one of the bins when going through security. You can simply leave them in your carry-on and pass through the metal detector without any issue.

I highly recommend that you look into getting Pre-Check in order to expedite your security screening. It will only cost $78 for five years and all you have to do is pass a background check. You can also get it if you are approved for Global Entry ( read how to get approved here ).

New hand sanitizer liquids rule

Due to the ongoing threat of coronavirus and the potential threat of spreading germs throughout airports and aircraft, TSA recently implemented a change with respect to hand sanitizer.

Passengers will now be allowed to bring one hand sanitizer bottle up to 12 ounces. These larger bottles will be screened separately so just be aware that it could add some extra time.

What exactly is a “liquid?”

In some cases, what constitutes a liquid will be very clear.

For example, it’s pretty much common sense that water inside of a water bottle is a liquid. The same applies for cologne, mouthwash, etc.

But liquids also can include less-obvious forms like aerosols, gels, creams, or pastes.

This means that several common items you would be bringing along for your trip could be considered a liquid like: toothpaste , lotion , sunscreen, shaving cream, shampoo , conditioner, and others.

You can find travel-sized products for most of these so it’s usually pretty easy to bring along items that comply with the TSA liquids rule.

Other items

You need to be mindful of other items that could be considered liquids like deodorant . For example, the following types of deodorants will be subject to the 3-1-1 rule:

• and Roll-On deodorants

Prohibited items

Just because you have something like an aerosol and it is in a container no larger than 3.4 ounces, that does not mean that you can bring it as a carry-on.

There are quite a few prohibited items like aerosol insecticide, bear spray, etc. that are not allowed as carry-ons. In fact, some of those items may not even be allowed on the plane at all. This is a good place to search if you are in doubt about whether or not you can bring a particular item.

Be aware that some items like hairspray may even have size restrictions when packed in your checked baggage.

Foods can also be liquids

One aspect of the TSA liquids rule that throws a lot of people off is that they forget many foods also qualify as liquids.

Here is a non-exhaustive list of food items that will fall under the liquids rule:

• Liquid chocolate
• Creamy dips and spreads
• Mashed fruits such as applesauce
• Jam and jelly
• Maple syrup
• Oils and vinegars
• Peanut butter
• Wet pet food
• Salad dressing
• Salsa and sauces

Basically anything that is usually poured, scooped, squeezed, slurped, or mashed will be considered a liquid for TSA purposes.

If your food is solid on the other hand , chances are you can bring it through.

TSA rules for liquid medications

The liquids rule provides exceptions for medical supplies and medications .

TSA allows larger amounts of medically necessary liquids, gels, and aerosols in “reasonable quantities” than your 3-1-1 allowance.

You do not have to have a prescription for these items but keep in mind that you need to comply with state laws regarding prescriptions and controlled substances.

This leaves two questions often to be asked and answered.

The first is what is considered “medically necessary?”

For example, is contact lens solution medically necessary?

It seems the answer to that is probably yes given the TSA states, they allow “larger amounts of medically necessary liquids, gels, and aerosols in reasonable quantities for your trip” on the page regarding contact lenses.

So if in doubt check the website and then inquire with AskTSA if you still don’t know.

The second question is what is considered a “reasonable quantity?”

What is deemed as a reasonable quantity is a subjective determination.

According to the TSA, you should bring what’s necessary for the duration of your trip (e.g., seven days) plus a day or two just in case things get delayed or canceled.

If you stick to what you think will be necessary for the duration of your trip, I don’t think you will often run into trouble. But if you’re bringing a six month supply of medication on a four day getaway, that’s when you might start to run into trouble if questioned.

TSA states that you must declare them to TSA officers at the checkpoint for inspection.

You also want to remove these from your carry-on so that they can be screened separately from your belongings. (You do not have to put your liquid medication in a plastic Ziploc bag.)

Just be aware that if one of your liquid items declared as medically necessary sets off the alarm, it may require additional screening and may not be allowed.

Baby essentials

You are allowed to bring formula, breastmilk, and juice for infants or toddlers in “reasonable quantities” through airport security. According to the TSA, reasonable quantities for baby essentials typically means the duration of the flight.

When bringing these items through security, be sure to separate these from your carry-on bag so that they can be screened separately from the rest of your items.

If you are carrying liquids in excess of 3.4 ounces, you are advised to inform the TSA officer at the beginning of the screening process that you have excess liquids. You can do this when you are unloading your items into the bin.

In many cases, excess liquids will be screened by x-ray.

It’s also possible that an officer may ask you to open up the container and potentially even transfer a small quantity of the liquid for testing.

If you are worried about the effects of an x-ray machine on your liquids, The Food and Drug Administration states that there are no known adverse effects from eating food, drinking beverages and using medicine screened by X-ray.

If that is not good enough assurance for you, you can ask to avoid the x-ray machine.

Additional steps may be able to be taken to clear the liquid but the traveler will likely have to undergo additional screening procedures which could include a pat down and a thorough screening of all of your carry-on property.

You will also be allowed to bring along ice packs, freezer packs, frozen gel packs and other accessories required to cool formula, breast milk and juice.

If these are in a partially frozen state or perhaps appear like a slushy they will be subject to the same screening as described above.

Other permitted baby items include gel or liquid-filled teethers, canned, jarred and processed baby food.

Just always be aware that these items may have to undergo additional screening.

TSA liquid rules for alcohol

Bringing alcohol through TSA presents a number of different challenges.

First, your alcohol in most cases will have to comply with the liquids 3-1-1 rule. This means that you won’t be able to bring in regular bottles of liquor or beer.

It is possible to find small bottles that are under 3.4 ounces (mini-liquor bottles are often around 1.7 ounces, so this means that they are small enough to be brought on the plane as a liquid).

But contrary to what many people think, it’s also permitted to bring your own alcohol in one of your own containers.

The catch is that there are specific restrictions about what type of alcohol is allowed on board and that can be allowed as a carry-on. You really need to make sure that you are abiding by these rules because you could be violating federal law otherwise.

The first regulation to know is that alcohol beverages with an alcoholic percentage above 70% (140 proof) is never allowed on the plane . In fact, alcohol with such a high alcohol percentage is considered a hazardous material.

If the alcohol content is above 24% but not above 70% then the alcoholic beverage must be in its retail packaging. A lot of popular alcoholic beverages for within this range. Here are some  ranges  for the alcoholic content of some common beverages:

Alcohol Percentage Content

• Vodka | ABV: 40-95%
• Gin | ABV: 36-50%
• Rum | ABV: 36-50%
• Whiskey | ABV: 36-50%
• Tequila | ABV: 50-51%
• Liqueurs | ABV: 15%
• Fortified Wine | ABV: 16-24%
• Unfortified Wine | ABV: 14-16%
• Beer | ABV: 4-8%
• Malt Beverage | ABV: 15%

And finally, one of the most important things to remember is that you are not allowed to serve yourself your own alcohol when flying.

Instead, you must request a flight attendant to serve you the alcohol or else you will be violating FAA regulations. Some flight attendants will happily serve you your own beverage but others will not be so inclined.

If you purchased alcohol at duty free store, different rules apply in that scenario. Basically, you can bring your duty free alcohol through TSA security but you have to comply with three separate requirements:

• The duty free liquids were purchased internationally and you are traveling to the United States with a connecting flight.
• The liquids are packed in a transparent, secure, tamper-evident bag by the retailer and do not show signs of tampering when presented to TSA for screening.
• The original receipt for the liquids is present and the purchase was made within 48 hours.

Read more about this rule  here .

Checked baggage liquid rules

Many times, you can simply place your liquids in your checked baggage and not have to worry about that pesky 3-1-1 rule.

This is usually the way to go on longer trips when you might be bringing large quantities of things like shampoo or shaving cream.

But as mentioned above, you still need to make sure that the type of liquid is allowed on a plane. Certain materials may be considered hazardous and you could be violating the law by bringing those on board.

If you are loading up your checked baggage with a bunch of liquids, make sure that you double bag if there is potential for the liquids to spill!

TSA Liquid Rules FAQ

The TSA 3-1-1 rule does not apply to checked baggage. However, there are some restrictions on what liquids can be transported in your checked baggage. There may also be limitations on the quantity of liquids when it comes to importing large quantities of things like alcohol. At some point, you might have to obtain a license for certain goods.

TSA definitely enforces the liquids rule and I would recommend not trying to circumvent the rule. It’s possible that an agent may be more lenient than another in certain circumstances but I would always assume that an agent will be enforcing strictly so that I don’t run into any unexpected issues.

TSA has the rules in order to detect potential explosives and other harmful materials that exist in liquid state.

The same liquid rules apply for both domestic flights and international flights. One difference that you might encounter is when you purchase duty free goods before an international flight. See the duty-free section above for more details. Also, when flying internationally it is recommended that you get to the airport extra early. It is possible that you could get hit with SSSS and be forced to undergo a heightened security screening, so always plan out extra time.

While you might view your makeup as special, there are no special rules for your makeup when it comes to TSA. They must abide by the same 3-1-1 rule explained above. Read more about makeup rules here.

No, you do not have to take out your liquids if you have TSA Pre-Check.

The same TSA liquids rule will apply to all airlines. So if you’re flying American or Delta, the rules will be the same as if you were flying Southwest or United. With that said, some airlines do have some differences in how they handle acceptable baggage so you should make sure to read up on the latest baggage policies for the airlines.

If you are traveling from an “international last-point-of-departure” to the U.S ., powder-based substances in carry-on baggage greater than 350mL or 12 oz. may require additional screening. If your substance is over 12 ounces and cannot be cleared it will not be allowed onto the aircraft cabin. TSA recommends that you transport powders in your checked baggage.

TSA has several rules you need to follow when it comes to drinking liquids through airport security. The most well-known is the 3-1-1 rule but there are other considerations you need to think about like foods that might trigger the rule and exceptions for medical and baby essentials. In the end, try to be as reasonable as possible with what you are bringing through and you will run into few problems.

Daniel Gillaspia is the Founder of UponArriving.com and the credit card app, WalletFlo . He is a former attorney turned travel expert covering destinations along with TSA, airline, and hotel policies. Since 2014, his content has been featured in publications such as National Geographic, Smithsonian Magazine, and CNBC. Read my bio .

I will be traveling from Mexico April 25th. Will I be able to bring back a bottle of Tequila in my check in luggage probably wrapped safely? Thanks, Regina Green

The above is good detail but how about: electric shaver and charger electric toothbrush

Yes and yes!

Check these out:

https://www.uponarriving.com/tsa-rules-razors/ https://www.uponarriving.com/tsa-toothpaste/

I will be leaving Chicago going to Manila via Istanbul on 21 July 2022, Turkish Airways. I will be bringing 4 bottles of Scotch whiskey in original container, unopened and sealed and properly packed with bubble wrap. Is this allowed?

How do I know which states allow medication‘s to be in a travel organizer, and not in their original bottles? I am flying from Philadelphia with a layover in Ireland, and finally to Paris on Aer Lingus.

Hand sanitizer rules have reverted back to the 3-1-1 guidelines.

Thanks for this update. Do you have a source on that? Couldn’t find updated info.

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Everything You Need to Know About the TSA’s Liquid Limit

The tsa allows liquids under 3.4 ounces in your carry-on—but what’s considered a “liquid” isn’t always obvious..

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Don’t forget to remove your liquids when going through TSA screening.

Photo by Jaromir Chalabala/Shutterstock

Whether you’re a carry-on-only kind of person or not , knowing the Transportation Security Administration’s (TSA) liquid limits is essential for anyone who travels by plane in the United States. Yet understanding which of your toiletries, foods, and other items even count as “liquid”—let alone how best to pack them—can get confusing. Use this guide to understand the TSA’s rules and restrictions about liquids, common exceptions, and tips to help ensure your next airport security screening goes smoothly.

What is the TSA liquid limit?

The TSA’s liquid limit for carry-ons—known as the 3-1-1 rule—allows travelers to pack liquids, aerosols, gels, creams, and pastes under 3.4 ounces (100 milliliters) in their carry-on bags. Passengers are allowed up to one quart-sized bag per person , or roughly nine 3.4-ounce containers in a single quart-sized bag. Anything more will have to go in a checked bag or risk being tossed out.

If your liquids are stored in containers larger than 3.4 ounces, even if there’s only 3.4 ounces left inside the bottle, you can’t bring them through security.

Completely empty bottles, such as your reusable water bottle , are allowed through the TSA checkpoint since (spoiler alert!) they don’t contain any liquids at that moment.

Which toiletries TSA allows in your carry-on

The TSA allows all of the following common toiletries in your carry-on only in containers that are 3.4 ounces or less:

• Shampoos and conditioners
• Lotions and sunscreen
• Gel hair products

In other words: yes, you can bring toothpaste, deodorant, and sunscreen through TSA checkpoints but only if they are in travel-sized containers.

Powders and powder-like substances, including baby powder and some makeup items, aren’t restricted in your carry-on bag. But if you’re carrying more than 12 ounces (350 milliliters) of a powder, you’ll need to place it in a separate bin for X-ray screening, and it may be subject to additional screening—so it’s a good idea to budget an extra few minutes at the security checkpoint if you think this might happen.

Tips for packing your toiletries in your carry-on

To comply with TSA regulations, invest in small, reusable toiletry bottles, like these capsules by Cadence.

Courtesy of Cadence

Especially if you don’t have TSA PreCheck , it’s helpful to pack all of your toiletries in a quart-sized (or smaller) clear plastic toiletry bag for screening. Although improved airport technology means that far fewer air passengers (both in PreCheck and non-PreCheck lines) will have to take their liquids out out of their carry-on, it’s still helpful to have all of your liquids in one bag just in case you get pulled aside for additional screening. For an upgrade from that large Ziplock, we recommend the standard-sized Clarity Jetset Case from Truffle ($88), which has a clear window panel and is comparable in size to a quart-sized bag.

Since toothpaste is considered a liquid, paste, or gel by the TSA, most of us toss those tiny one-ounce tubes in our carry-on bags. However, if you want to ditch the hard-to-recycle packaging, consider toothpaste tablets, an ecofriendly alternative that’s not subject to the 3-1-1 rule. We like Humankind’s fluoride toothpaste tablets ($12), which resemble small mints and turn to paste when you crush them between your teeth. Matador has also recently released a reusable toothpaste tube ($10), which you can fill (and refill) with your regular toothpaste.

For travel toiletries that are easy to rebottle (like shampoo or body wash), consider investing in reusable bottles or containers so you can always keep your preferred brand on hand. Some of our favorite TSA-approved toiletry bottles include:

Buy Now: GoToob three-pack of 3.4-ounce bottles, $30, rei.com

These easy-to-fill, leakproof silicone tubes are ideal for shampoos, conditioners, lotions, and body washes. GoToob’s line comes in a variety of sizes, ranging from 1.7 to 6 ounces, and are easy to clean between refills.

Matador FlatPack

Buy Now: $13 for one or $35 for three, matadorup.com

Each three-ounce, TSA-approved bottle is made from a durable, waterproof, nylon-based fabric. Like GoToob, they’re leakproof and easy to fill, but thanks to their flexible, fabric-like design, they will shrink to their contents, taking up less space in your pack. >> Read the full review of the Matador FlatPack

Buy Now: $14 for one or $74 for six, keepyourcadence.com

The refillable travel containers by Cadence are small, leakproof “capsules” that click together with magnets. At 0.56 ounces, they’re best for makeup and toiletries you don’t need much of—like a weekend’s worth of shampoo or a week of that under eye cream you only need a dab of.

Foods are subject to liquid limits

The TSA’s 3-1-1 rule applies to food too, meaning you’ll need to make sure any foods that count as liquids, gels, or pastes (like yogurt, peanut butter, pâté, jams, or that tasty pimento cheese spread you tried to bring home from Charleston) are less than 3.4 ounces or packed in your checked bag. There are some exceptions, like frozen foods and juice for babies, and the TSA’s website is the best resource to check for specific items.

Exceptions to TSA’s liquids rule: Full-sized liquids that you can bring through security

The TSA has several important exemptions to its liquids rule. You’re allowed to bring full-sized bottles of the following:

Hand sanitizer: Due to the coronavirus pandemic, the TSA currently allows travelers to bring up to 12 ounces of hand sanitizer in their carry-on bags. These will be screened separately.

Medication: You’re allowed to bring medically necessary liquids, aerosols, and gels through security. This also includes the ice or gel packs you may need to keep your medications cool. You are not required to store these items in a plastic, resealable bag, but you should remove them from your luggage and let the TSA officer know what you’ve packed.

Baby formula and breast milk: Like medication, you can bring freezer packs to keep these items cool, and you should remove them from your luggage and notify an agent when you go through security. More baby-related exceptions? Gel or liquid-filled teethers and canned or jarred baby food.

Of course, the final decision on whether an item is allowed through the checkpoint rests with the TSA officer.

If you’re ever unsure about a specific item, the TSA’s website has a handy, searchable list of prohibited and allowed items worth checking before you travel. You can also now text the TSA with your questions.

This article was originally published in 2022. It has been most recently updated on March 21, 2023, with additional information.

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Everything You Need to Know About TSA Liquid Rules

Here's what to know before you fly with shampoo, medication, or any other liquids you may need during your travels.

Dealing with airport security can be one of the more daunting aspects of air travel , from the detailed rules about what you can and can't bring on board to the long lines that often form at checkpoints.

One rule that frequently trips up travelers is the Transportation Security Administration's (TSA) 3-1-1 regarding liquids in carry-on bags . We're here to walk you through the finer details of the rule and provide helpful tips for packing liquids when you're flying.

What is the TSA's 3-1-1 rule?

In 2006, British security officials thwarted a plot to bomb an aircraft with liquid explosives carried on board. Since then, security agencies around the world have limited the amount of liquid passengers can bring through airport security.

For the TSA, which regulates travel in the United States, all liquids, gels, and aerosols must be in containers that are 3.4 ounces (100 milliliters) or less. All liquids must fit into a single, clear quart-size bag — passengers can only pack one of these bags in their carry-on.

The 3-1-1 designation is a simple way to remember these numbers: individual liquid containers must be 3.4 ounces or smaller, they must fit into one clear, quart-size bag, and there is only one bag allowed per passenger.

Liquids that do not comply with the 3-1-1 rule must be packed in checked bags, or thrown out at airport security. Some liquids, such as gasoline or other flammable liquids, are prohibited entirely, both in checked and carry-on bags. You can find a full list of permitted and prohibited items on the TSA's website .

If you're unsure if a specific item adheres to the 3-1-1 rule, you can always contact the TSA before your trip. "Tweet your questions and comments to @AskTSA or via Facebook Messenger , weekdays from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. ET," TSA spokesperson Jessica Mayle tells Travel + Leisure . "You can also call the TSA Contact Center at 866-289-9673."

Are there any exceptions to the 3-1-1 rule?

The TSA does exempt some items from the 3-1-1 rule: medically necessary liquids, formula, and breast milk. You can bring more than 3.4 ounces of these liquids on board, but you may have to undergo additional security screening.

"Inform the TSA officer at the beginning of the screening process that you're carrying them," says Mayle. "These liquids are typically screened by X-ray, but TSA officers may also test them separately for explosives or concealed prohibited items. Officers may ask you to open the container and/or have you transfer a small quantity of the liquid to a separate empty container, or dispose of a small quantity, if feasible."

If you don't want your exempt liquids to be screened by X-ray, inform your TSA officer, and they will use alternative security measures to clear the items.

And that's not all. "There's an exception for hand sanitizer, which has a temporary 12-ounce limit," says Mayle. But as COVID-19 travel restrictions and protocols continue to lift, the temporary special case for hand sanitizer could change, too.

Another exception is liquids purchased after security in an airport. In domestic U.S. airports , you can bring nonalcoholic drinks and other liquid items purchased airside onto your flight. (This is not always the case in international airports.) Duty-free liquids, however, will be sealed in a tamper-safe bag before boarding — sometimes they're permitted in the cabin, and other times they may be stowed elsewhere on the plane.

Packing Tips for Liquids in Carry-on Bags

• While many products are sold in 3.4-ounce containers suitable for travel, not all of them are. Consider rebottling your liquids into travel-size, leak-proof cases.
• "Another way to save space in your quart-sized bag is to pack solid versions of products, which you can put in your luggage or carry-on bag without needing to place it in the quart-size bag," travel advisor Ateet Ahuja of Complete Getaways tells T+ L. "For example, you can bring a stick or solid version of some perfumes and shampoo bars instead of liquid shampoo."
• Buy your liquids, like shampoo or mouthwash, at your final destination. "While you'll spend a little extra, the cost far outweighs the potential of it spilling or leaking in your bag," says Ahuja.
• On that note, prepare for spills — Ahuja advises wrapping a small hand towel around your quart-size bag.
• Pack your nonliquid toiletries separately to save space in your quart-sized bag.
• Pack your liquids bag in an easy-to-access space, like an external compartment or the top of your carry-on bag. According to Ahuja, "This will save you time in the TSA line."

Related Articles

Calling All Travelers: These Are the Official TSA Liquid Rules

You don't want security to throw away your new, full-size bottle of shampoo do you?

Every item on this page was chosen by a Town & Country editor. We may earn commission on some of the items you choose to buy.

We've all fallen victim to TSA while traveling; here's a refresher so you don't make the same mistakes again.

TSA Liquid Rules:

According to the TSA website , these rules apply for liquids, aerosols, gels, creams, and pastes.

All liquids must be in a 3.4oz or smaller container. Your serums, creams, cleansers, and masks are too expensive to lose, so check their sizes and if they're too big, leave them at home or transfer them to a smaller container.

They have to be able to fit in a quart-size bag. Before you throw 10 containers of liquids into your carry-on, make sure that everything can fit in a quart-size bag. Think about what you really need for your trip, a la Marie Kondo , and remember you can always buy things once you arrive at your destination.

Powders must be in 12oz containers or smaller. TSA placed new restrictions on powders in 2018. Ensure that your makeup, protein powder, and baby powder are in containers within that range, or put them into a checked bag.

Travel-Size Beauty Essentials

Drunk Elephant The Littles™ Set

Sunday Riley Power Couple Kit

Drybar The Four Pack

Ole Henrikson Truth Serum®

SK-II Facial Treatment Essence Mini

LA MER The Moisturizing Soft Cream

Fresh Rose Deep Hydration Toner

LE LABO Santal 33 & AnOther 13 Set

Kiehl's Since 1851 Super Age-Correcting Collection

Shiseido Urban Environment Oil-Free Sunscreen

R+Co Television Perfect Hair Shampoo

COOLA Suncare Sport Sunscreen Spray SPF 30

Anything else has to go into a checked bag. If you can't part with your full-size products, they have to go into a checked bag to avoid getting tossed into the TSA product graveyard. If you're looking to save money, share one checked bag with your whole group.

Only empty water bottles will pass the TSA checkpoint. If you bring a refillable water bottle, make sure it's empty before you approach security. You can fill it up after you go through the checkpoint or buy water in the terminal.

There are exemptions. If you use a medication that comes in liquid, aerosol, gel, cream, or paste form and the container is larger than 3.4oz, it's exempt from the above rules. Similarly, if you're carrying baby formula, breast milk, or other liquid foods for your child, these are also exempt.

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Learn What I Can Bring on the Plane

Learn what you can bring on the plane by reviewing the Transportation Security Administration's (TSA) list of what you can bring on the plane, what you cannot bring on the plane, and TSA's Liquids 3-1-1 rule.

Please note that the final decision rests with the TSA officer on whether an item is allowed through the checkpoint.

For items not listed on the site, simply snap a picture or send a question to AskTSA on Facebook Messenger or Twitter . TSA looks forward to answering your questions, from 8 a.m. to 10 p.m. ET weekdays; 9 a.m. to 7 p.m. weekends/holidays.

What Can I Bring?

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Know what you can pack before arriving at the airport by checking the prohibited items list.

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Rules for Liquids in Checked Baggage: The Complete Guide

TripSavvy / Ashley DeLeon 

DIY Ways to Secure Your Packed Liquids

Go with the pros, add padding, anticipate inspections, tips for packing liquids in checked baggage.

You can carry liquids in checked baggage, but you will have to do some research and take precautions. First, you must find out which liquids are not allowed on airplanes regardless of where you pack them. The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) has a list of these prohibited liquids on its website . You should also look at the Federal Aviation Administration's list of hazardous materials. Never try to bring prohibited materials with you when you fly.

After you've done your research, you must determine whether you can bring the liquid items of your choosing to your destination. If you plan to carry several bottles of wine, for instance, you may not be able to bring them into certain U.S. states due to liquor import regulations. Travelers flying to or from Canada will want to read the Canadian air travel regulations, and visitors to the UK should read the United Kingdom's list of items you may carry in hand (carry-on) and hold (checked) baggage.

Your next step is to decide whether you want to pack colored liquids, such as red wine or nail polish, which could damage your clothing. Carrying any colored liquid can be risky. Decision-making factors include whether these items are available at your destination and whether your itinerary is flexible enough to allow you to purchase them locally, rather than bring those liquids with you.

Finally, you will need to carefully pack your liquid items so they will not break or leak. There are several ways to accomplish this. Read on for our complete guide on what to know before packing liquids for your next trip.

To prevent leaks, wrap the top of your bottle or container with duct tape so the cap stays on. (You may also want to pack a small pair of sharp scissors in your checked bag so you will be able to remove the tape later.) Put the container into a zipper-top plastic bag and seal the bag closed. Next, place that bag into a larger zipper-top bag and seal it closed, pressing out all the air as you do so. Wrap the whole thing in bubble wrap if the container is breakable. Finally, wrap that bundle in a towel or in clothing. (Many travelers suggest using dirty laundry for this.) Place the wrapped bottle or container in the middle of your largest suitcase, surrounded by clothing and other soft items.

A variation on this method involves using a hard-sided plastic or cardboard container to protect your liquid item. Use a small cardboard box or a sealed plastic container. Double-bag the liquid item as described above. Then, place it in the container and pad it with crushed newspapers, plastic air pillows or crumpled plastic grocery bags. Tape the box shut and pack it in the center of your suitcase.

You can buy styrofoam or bubble wrap "shippers," which are sealable padded bags. Brand names include the inflatable VinniBag or the Wine Mummy. Boxes made especially for transporting glass and liquid items are another option. Your local wine shop or pack-and-wrap store may carry shippers. Be aware that the bubble wrap bags will keep escaping liquid from staining your clothes, but may not prevent glass bottles from breaking. The box shipper will take up more room in your luggage. While it may not prevent liquid from escaping, the box shipper minimizes the risk of breakage.

Protect your liquid items by placing them in the middle of your suitcase, completely surrounded by clothing and other items. Be aware that your suitcase could be dropped or crushed, perhaps more than once, on its way to your destination. It may even be dragged on the ground behind a luggage cart. If you can choose from several suitcases, pick the one with the stiffest sides and pack it as tightly as you can to better cushion your liquid items.

If you pack liquid items in your checked bag, assume that your bag will be inspected by a baggage security screener. The screening officer will see your liquid item on the baggage scanner and will probably need to take a closer look at it. Do not pack valuables, even liquid ones, or prescription drugs in your checked baggage.

• Careful packing and padding will increase your chances of success, so make sure to transfer all liquids to leak-proof containers.
• Pare down your packing. Not everything can fit in your suitcase! Decide what toiletries you may find up for grabs in your hotel room, and edit, edit, edit.
• Two-in-one items are always a good idea.
• If you have a large-sized soap or shampoo that you really want to take on your trip, invest in travel-sized toiletry bottles . This way, you can pour some into the correctly sized bottle and still be allowed to take it with you on your trip.

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clock This article was published more than  1 year ago

Tiny toiletries forever? The future of TSA, from liquids to shoes.

Coming to an airport security line near you

On Nov. 19, the Transportation Security Administration will turn 21 — old enough to drink, but not a full-size alcoholic beverage.

The Department of Homeland Security agency was established in response to the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks and subsequent threats to air travelers’ safety, such as the foiled shoe bomber in 2001 and the 2006 attempt to detonate liquid explosives hidden in soda bottles on flights from England to North America. Many of the safety measures introduced back then are still with us now, such as the 3-1-1 liquids rule .

“I don’t think anyone is saying that the way we did things [is] the way we will do things,” said J. Matt Gilkeson, director of TSA’s Innovation Task Force, which tests new security technologies. “We want to be beyond where we were 20 years ago.”

With TSA’s birthday approaching, we checked in with the agency to learn about the latest security developments and what the future might hold for travelers and their toiletries.

No more removing electronics and liquids

If you are one of the approximately 25 million members of TSA PreCheck , you can skip this section. As you well know, trusted travelers can leave their electronics and quart-size pouch of Lilliputian liquids, gels, pastes and creams inside their carry-ons at security checkpoints. The rest of you: Good news is afoot, if not already underfoot.

Since 2019, TSA has been acquiring and deploying Computed Tomography (CT) X-ray systems, the same technology that hospitals use for patients and TSA employs on checked bags. The agency initially purchased 300 CT scanners and plans to expand its inventory by more than 1,230 machines. Airports have been installing the technology at a steady pace. (Note: The nation’s 430 federalized airports don’t incorporate new technologies simultaneously because of budget and staffing limitations, so what you experience at one airport might not be the same at another.)

No, you still can’t bring marijuana through a TSA checkpoint

“Waiting in Lane 21? Leave All Items In Your Bag,” reads a banner sign at Dulles International Airport. “Including . . . Computers, Cell Phones, and Tablets!”

The three-dimensional machines provide a more detailed and comprehensive picture of a bag’s contents than the earlier two-dimensional models. In addition, TSA officers can electronically poke around the luggage’s interior, which will reduce the frequency of manual bag checks.

“It’s like a CAT scan machine,” said Scott T. Johnson, TSA’s federal security director at Dulles. “You can spin it and look at different angles, or slice it, dice it and [virtually] pull something out of a bag.”

If the machine identifies suspicious organic material, it will issue an alert. The officers, who receive additional training for the 3D scanners, have discovered several items that often trigger a warning, despite their apparent innocence.

“The machine doesn’t like deodorant,” said TSA officer J.D. Pugh, as he scrutinized a screen displaying the contents of a Dulles passenger’s bag. Oddly, Sweet Baby Ray’s barbecue sauce also sets off the alarm.

An illustrated guide to people at the airport

Gilkeson said object recognition is about five years away. “We are testing here,” he said, referring to the facility in a former post office on the grounds of Reagan National Airport, “and in the operational environment.” (If you are curious about the latest developments, fly in or out of Las Vegas’s Harry Reid International Airport, home of the Innovation Checkpoint, a TSA lab for security technology.)

The new machines, which are snow white with a bulbous midsection and colored lights, streamline security on multiple fronts. For example, passengers place all of their bags in the bins, which transport the items in a tidy and orderly fashion, like widgets in a factory assembly line. The trays are tagged with radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology, which helps the officers keep track of the status of the items in the bins.

“We are matching the image to the bin and luggage,” Gilkeson said, “but not yet to people.”

After the bins exit the scanner, they are sent on one of two routes: to the passenger waiting on the other side or to an area where an officer will conduct additional screening. The empty bins, meanwhile, will return to their starting point, eliminating shortages of containers at the entry point and pileups at the finish line.

The best restaurants in America’s busiest airports

About 100 airports have the machines, including several international facilities, such as Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta, Baltimore-Washington, Chicago O’Hare, Miami and Los Angeles. An agency spokesman said the equipment will become as ubiquitous as the X-ray machine, unless (or until) newer technology supplants it.

Because not every checkpoint or lane will be furnished with a CT scanner, look for the signage or listen to the officer’s instructions. If an employee tells you to keep your electronics and liquids inside, keep your bags zipped up.

Liquids over 3.4 ounces? Not yet.

Sadly, we are going to be stuck with mini-toiletries and temporary caffeine withdrawal for the near future, if not longer. The technology is not advanced enough to quickly determine whether a large container of shampoo or a travel mug brimming with coffee contains explosive material.

Passengers with exceptions, such as people traveling with infants, nursing parents or travelers with medical needs, can carry on liquids exceeding 3.4 ounces. However, TSA requires additional screening to ensure the safety of these liquids. Travelers in this group should notify security of their medically necessary liquids.

TSA said screening of breastfeeding mom did not meet ‘standards’

The officer will place the liquid container in an explosive detection device that resembles an Easy-Bake oven. If the light turns green, the passenger — and the liquid — are free to proceed. If a red light flashes, the officer will hold a test strip over the bottle and give it a little squeeze. If the vapors do not cause a change in color, the item is deemed safe. A different hue means that the liquid is unsafe and cannot advance through the checkpoint. The passenger has the choice of sending it in their checked luggage or surrendering it.

The procedure takes several minutes, a delay that may feel negligible for the individual traveler but interminable to everyone else in line, waiting for their turn.

“It’s not feasible to screen oversized liquid for everyone,” Gilkeson said. “We need to speed up the time.”

You’ll take off your coat, but maybe not your shoes

The season is approaching when PreCheck members must follow one of the rules that applies to standard passengers year-round: removing their heavy outerwear.

“The machine can’t penetrate through your coat to see the reflection of your skin,” Gilkeson said. “It doesn’t know your jacket is a jacket.”

You asked: Is it ever okay to cut in line at TSA?

As for footwear, the wide range of shoe materials is a boon for fashionistas but a bust for scanning machines. “There are so many different types of shoes, we want to lower the false alarm rate,” he said, adding: “You have to know your shoes. Do they have metal?”

To accommodate the diversity of shoes, the agency has launched a pilot program testing machines that inspect the clothing item from the ground up. Basically, you are stepping on the scanner. One way to avoid removing your shoes: if a TSA bomb-sniffing dog inspects you in line and moves on. An uninterested whiff means you have passed the test and can leave your shoes on.

More sensitive pat-downs

Gilkeson admitted that no one enjoys a pat-down.

“We want to get out of the business of touching people,” he said.

TSA has put a priority on creating a more hospitable environment at security checkpoints, especially for transgender travelers. If a pat-down is required, the agency will no longer assign a male or female officer based on appearance of the traveler, which can lead to an uncomfortable public conversation about gender identity. Instead, the officers will press a single button (they previously pushed a male or female button) and the traveler can choose the sex of the officer that they prefer. TSA announced the program in March and will begin the software upgrades to the Leidos Advanced Imaging Technology by the end of the year, aiming to complete the update by next fall.

#TravelingWhileTrans: The trauma of returning to ‘normal’

Also on the sensitivity docket: hair pats. Gilkeson said TSA is exploring ways to phase out the controversial procedure, which could upset travelers whose hairstyles are associated with a cultural practice or religious belief.

Expect simplified identification

TSA is chugging down the road to self-security, a trend that will give passengers more responsibilities and autonomy, similar to check-in and baggage tagging.

“Security is becoming incrementally more automated,” Gilkeson said.

Passengers who fly out of airports with credential authentication technology units do not have to present their boarding passes to an officer. Official forms of identification, such a driver’s license or passport, will suffice. The system is in place at about 1,300 travel document checker podiums at airports nationwide.

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In the next level of DIY security, travelers will scan their IDs themselves, a trend that dovetails with the contactless movement born during the pandemic. The identification synchronizes with the airline booking information and informs the officer that the bearer of the ID is a ticketed passenger and is eligible to proceed through security. ID-checking of the future could also entail a camera that snaps a photo of the passenger and matches the image of their face with their ID.

“The machine is looking for bone structure,” Gilkeson said.

The agency is testing the technology in PreCheck lanes at airports in Baltimore, Atlanta and Phoenix, as well as DCA. “People think it’s a hand sanitizer,” he said of the equipment that does resemble a dispenser.

The long-term goal is to establish e-gates that allow passengers to pass through security as quickly and painlessly as swiping their card at a Metro station.

Of course, not all of TSA’s technologies succeed. The puffer machine, which blew air at passengers like small sneezes, was abandoned, as was the hologram that provided security checkpoint information and directions at three New York and New Jersey airports. The holograms failed because passengers were too rushed or distracted to stop and listen to a talking light fixture.

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Air travel is much more efficient when you have the up-to-date information that you need to plan and prepare for your trip. Here you will find real-time airport status and delay information, what to know before you go to the airport, and important safety information.

Preparing to Fly

Flying Safe

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Report Travel Problems, Concerns & Complaints

Know before you go.

Think about what you need to do to get through screening quickly before you dress for travel or zip up your bags.

• Holiday Travel
• Check airport status and delays.
• Check out  Preparing to Fly  for more information.
• View TSA's checklist of Travel Tips.
• Pack Safe  before you fly.
• The Department of Transportation (DOT) launched an interactive Customer Service Dashboard to provide travelers with up-to-date airline customer service policies on controllable cancellations and delays to ensure customers have easy access to information when problems arise. Know your airline's policies in the event of a delay or cancellation.
• Enroll in TSA Pre Check

If you fly often, consider TSA's program for expedited screening at certain airports and airlines.

Passenger Health & Safety

To maintain good health, be aware of travel advisories and disease outbreaks at your destination.

• Fly Healthy .
• Research  travel advisories .
• Look up  travel health notices .

Flying for People with Disabilities, Children, and Pets

• Information about Family Travel
• If you or someone you know will require accommodations while flying, read about  Passengers with Disabilities .
• If you are flying with children, review FAA's guidance about  Child Safety .
• If you are bringing pets or service animals, read about  Flying with Pets .
• Find out if your airline has a commitment to free family seating with DOT's Airline Family Seating Dashboard .
• Show your youngest travelers what to expect with our Kid's First Flight video .

Check for Prohibited items

Use the " Can I bring? " app and the " MyTSA " app to find helpful information about TSA policies and procedures.

• Review information about flying with your  portable electronic devices  (PEDs).
• Can you fly with batteries, medical devices or lighters? Review  Pack Safe  guidance.
• View  TSA Prohibited Items .
• Check out  Flying Safe  for more resources.

3-1-1 for Liquids

Liquids, gels, aerosols, creams, and pastes must be 3.4 ounces or less.

• All bottles must fit in a single quart size plastic bag and the bag must be placed in a bin for screening.
• Screening may be required for sun block, tanning sprays, and food such as yogurt.
• Review  TSA's 3-1-1 for Liquids rule .

Prepare for Security

Have an acceptable ID and your boarding pass ready.

• View your airport's security wait time .
• Remove large electronics including laptops and your quart size liquids bag from carry-on luggage.
• Put any metallic clothing or objects, as well as your cell phone, into a bin for screening.

You may also need to  report a travel problem, concern, or complaint .

Airlines and airports warn travellers to respect liquids rules for cabin baggage

A s the UK’s airlines and airports gear up for a record summer, and new flight routes appear at a rate of 10 a day, passengers are being urged to respect the liquids rules for cabin baggage .

At the start of the week travellers at both Birmingham and Stansted airports experienced extremely long queues as technical issues coincided with the usual Monday morning rush.

Some of them missed flights.

Birmingham airport apologised for the delay but told The Independent a high level of “rejected” bags was partly responsible.

An airport spokesperson said: “We wish to remind our customers that existing security restrictions remain in place. This can be confusing to our customers and on average 15 per cent of bags are rejected as they are not compliant with current security restrictions.”

The figure corresponds to 27 passengers on a typical 180-seater jet having to undergo a manual search. The airpor warns: “For each customer, a non-compliant bag adds 10 minutes on top of their security search time.”

The Independent understands Heathrow airport has a similar number of rejects.

Typically across UK airports, around one in 10 bags is non-compliant and requires a manual search.

At Liverpool John Lennon airport, the current average rejection rate is 7.5 per cent, but at the peak of the summer season rates which can be up at around 12 per cent.

Some airports, including London City and Teesside, have new scanners that allow larger quantities of liquids and “personal electronic devices” (PEDs) to be left in cabin luggage.

But many airports are not yet ready and have said they cannot comply with the government’s deadline of June 2024.

Ryanair is emailing passengers ahead of their flights to warn them: “Despite upcoming changes to the rule, the 100ml limit on liquids still applies across UK airports.

“We ask all passengers travelling through UK airports in the coming months to please consult the website of the airport for the most accurate and up-to-date information on their liquids policy. Policies will vary.”

The current much-loathed liquids regulations were introduced as a “temporary” measure in 2006.

The Independent is the world’s most free-thinking news brand, providing global news, commentary and analysis for the independently-minded. We have grown a huge, global readership of independently minded individuals, who value our trusted voice and commitment to positive change. Our mission, making change happen, has never been as important as it is today.

The U.K. Ended Its Travel-Size Liquid Rule for Carry-Ons—Will the U.S. Do the Same?

By Jessica Puckett

Passing through airport security in the U.K. is about to get easier and more streamlined, as U.K. officials announced that the rule mandating liquids in carry-on bags be 100ml (3.4 ounces) or less will no longer be enforced, starting in June 2024. 

When the rule ends, passengers will be able to carry-on liquids measuring up to two liters in volume, the BBC reports . Additionally, passengers will no longer need to remove electronics from bags, such as laptops. Previously, major airports in the U.K., such as London Heathrow, were known for their stringent enforcements of the liquid rules.

In the U.S., similar policies are still in effect at airports around the country, with the TSA enforcing its so-called “ 3-1-1 ” liquid rule for carry-on bags: all liquids must be 3.4 ounces or less and fit in a single, one-quart clear bag. (Though there are  some exceptions to those rules.)

The more relaxed screening policies in the U.K. are possible thanks to new X-ray scanners that use computed tomography (CT) technology to produce more detailed, 3D images of luggage contents. (The technology is similar to a CT scan you might get at a hospital.) Most airports in the U.K. will need to upgrade their X-ray machines to the newer high-tech versions by June 2024. 

The same enhanced CT technology has been in use at U.S. airports for several years now, with the TSA rapidly expanding the scanners to dozens of airports nationwide. As of May 2022, the agency said it had deployed at least 402 CT units to 163 airports around the country. Over the summer, officials installed more of the scanners at additional airport checkpoints in anticipation of an uptick in air travelers, including at Billings Logan International Airport in Montana , Albany International Airport in New York, Buffalo Niagara International Airport in New York, Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport and Raleigh-Durham International Airport in North Carolina, the TSA  said in a release . 

With that in mind, will the TSA follow the U.K.’s lead and ditch its rules for carry-on liquids? Currently at U.S. security checkpoints with CT scanners, passengers already have somewhat more relaxed screening rules, as they aren’t required to remove their travel-size liquids, electronics, or food from their carry-on bags, according to the TSA. That was a precursor step to the new U.K. policy at  London City airport , which received CT scanners in November 2022 and announced that passengers no longer had to remove any items from their bags. 

But some industry analysts say scanning equipment is only one piece of the puzzle . “I believe that TSA and other aviation security organizations will study the results from the UK’s decision closely and carefully,” says Henry Harteveldt, an aviation expert and president of Atmosphere Research. “If behavioral profiling and other similar tools allow security organizations to potentially detect people who may pose a danger to airline crews and passengers, it may help reduce the need for measures such as the 100ml limit on liquids and the TSA’s 3-1-1 policy.”

Indeed, it seems U.S. officials plan to take it slow when considering any changes to the current TSA 3.4-oz liquid rule, which has been the international standard since it was implemented in 2006. “Computed Tomography technology produces 3-D images that can be rotated and combined with advanced detection algorithms to produce a substantial improvement in security screening,” Robert Carter Langston, TSA's press secretary, said in an emailed statement. “While we have them deployed at more checkpoints, we are years away from announcing a change to the current liquids rule.” 

Although U.S. passengers still need to pack travel-size liquids for the time being, that doesn’t mean that the security checkpoint hasn’t been seeing other improvements. Aside from rolling out more CT scanners, TSA has been deploying credential authentication technology: new ID scanners that don’t require passengers to show their boarding passes . Earlier in 2022, the agency also began accepting digital IDs from the Apple Wallet app at certain airports and testing an expansion of facial recognition to whisk travelers through even faster.

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The new rules on carrying liquids through UK airport security

Air travel is about to get a little easier, with restrictions on liquids relaxed. With some airports struggling to adapt, here's what to expect this summer.

For almost two decades, the queue for airport security has seen travellers hastily gulping down their bottled water and cramming liquid toiletries — limited to 100ml apiece — into a single transparent bag.  

But not for much longer. In 2022, the UK government announced that by June 2024, all major airports in the country would be required by law to install high-tech new security scanners. This would allow airline rules on liquids to be scrapped, among other benefits.

With the promise of speedier queues through departure, it was initially good news. But now, four of the biggest airports — Heathrow, Gatwick, Stansted and Manchester — are on course to miss the deadline, prompting fears of confusion this summer.  

What’s the 100ml rule?

It stipulates that passengers with hand luggage can only take liquids and creams in containers of up to 100ml on board an aircraft. These must be placed in a single, transparent, re-sealable plastic bag, which holds no more than a litre and measures about 20cm x 20cm. The bag must be able to close.

Why was it introduced?

The measures were implemented after a foiled plot by Al-Qaeda in August 2006, during which terrorists attempted to disguise liquid explosives as drinks at Heathrow.  

Why is it changing?

The primary driver is an improvement in security technology. More advanced CT scanners mean that security staff are able to take a more detailed look at passengers’ luggage. As well as negating the need to remove liquids and limit them to 100ml, the new machines mean electronics can stay in bags — without closer inspections —and prohibited items such as weapons and liquid explosives can be better detected. According to Smiths Detection, which makes the scanners, this is thanks to explosives detection algorithms and automated object recognition software.

Why is it taking so long?

Introducing the new machines is a huge financial burden for airports and poses a logistical challenge.“It was always going to be a struggle for the big airports,” a senior aviation source told The Times. “One of the biggest issues they face is fitting the new scanners and retraining staff without impacting the flow of passengers.”

Heathrow, which has 146 security lanes across its terminals, faces the biggest challenge in meeting the deadline, and will have the smallest percentage of new lanes installed come June. A spokesman for Gatwick says it will have made “significant progress” by June but “plans to have completed the operation required to install the remaining scanners in Q1 2025”. Security areas will need to be adjusted at several airports because of the size of the new scanners. The floors in some terminals, especially at Heathrow, need to be reinforced because of their added weight. “The existing scanner is like a washing machine,” says Nick Barton, chief executive of Birmingham Airport. “The new machines are the size of a Ford Transit.”

What impact are the scanners expected to have?

People failing to remove items from their bags or travelling with large bottles of liquids cause delays at airport security, as they result in additional checks. The new machines are expected to cut wait times dramatically, although the fear is that, in the short term, ‘mixed messaging’ will lead to delays — where airports still have both old and new technology, passengers won’t know what to expect. At London City, which has already completed the upgrade, the average time it takes to conduct security checks is now only three minutes and 45 seconds, down from seven minutes in 2022.  

What will happen this summer, and what’s next?

Discussions are ongoing. Heathrow, Gatwick, Stansted and Manchester are expected to be given an extension until 2025, meaning passengers at these airports will be told to follow existing rules — even though some lanes will have been upgraded — to avoid queues. Other airports are understood to be on course, and passengers will benefit this summer. Along with London City, Teesside Airport has already scrapped the 100ml rule. This change will only affect departures from the UK — arrivals into the country will still have to follow the rules of their outbound airport.

This forms part of a raft of new technologies being introduced over the next decade. Facial recognition and AI are playing a big role: in the future, passengers will board planes without showing documents — faces will be automatically matched to passports. Border Force has also started a process to see e-passport gates replaced with ones that do not require them to be inserted.  

Is the change also happening in the US or elsewhere?  

There are other countries that are looking at amending the rules on liquids in light of the new technology, although the UK is among the first to make a blanket change. Spain is on course to follow suit by 2026, thanks to a phased installation of the new scanners. Some other transport hubs, such as Amsterdam’s Schiphol, Frankfurt and Milan Malpensa, have also installed similar ones, and there are a limited number of lanes at Geneva that passengers can choose to use.

In the US, many airports, such as Atlanta's Hartsfield-Jackson and Chicago's O'Hare, have already installed the new scanners and, in these, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) has slightly relaxed the rules. Travellers here are generally able to leave their food, electronics and liquids in their bags as they pass through — but rules on keeping liquids travel-sized remain, permitting just 3.4 ounces (100ml) or less in a single one-quart transparent bag. A nationwide rule change is still expected to take some time, due to the sheer number of airports across the country. On the whole, travellers can expect to encounter legacy rules at some point on their travels over the coming years.

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Liquids, Non-solid Food & Personal Items

You can make your security screening experience quicker and easier by packing your liquids, non-solid food, personal and toiletry items properly.  At the airport, these items are referred to as “liquids, aerosols and gels.”

Below you will find information on various items that fall into these categories, a list of items that are exempted from restrictions, and tips on how to pack all of them. 

On this page

Examples of liquids, non-solid food and personal items that are liquids, aerosols and gels, how to pack your liquids, non-solid food and personal items, liquids/non-solid food, personal items.

• soft drinks
• bottled water
• maple syrup
• conditioner
• liquid soap
• insect repellent
• liquid/gel based hand sanitizers
• creams/lotions
• liquid based cosmetics (e.g. mascara, liquid foundation, liquid eyeliner)
• static remover
• sunscreen spray
• shaving cream
• aerosol deodorant
• aerosol cheese strings
• hair styling gel
• mashed potatoes
• peanut butter
• chocolate spread
• cheese spread
• maple spread
• shaving gel
• gel-based deodorant
• gel-based cosmetics (e.g. gel blush, gel lip products)

Please note that if an item that is illegal in Canada (e.g. pepper spray) is found at a screening checkpoint, CATSA is required to notify the police.

• Containers of liquids, non-solid food and personal items in your carry-on must be 100 ml/100 g (3.4 oz) or less . All containers must fit in one clear, resealable plastic bag no more than 1L in capacity. The bag must be transparent so screening officers can easily see the contents.
• Each passenger is allowed a single 1 L bag containing liquids, food and personal items. The approximate dimensions of a 1L bag are 15.24 cm by 22.86 cm (6 in. by 9 in.) or 20 cm by 17.5 cm (8 in. by 7 in.).
• At the screening point, take your plastic bag out of your carry-on and place it in a bin.
• Any containers over 100 ml/100 g (3.4 oz) can be placed in your checked baggage as long as they are not prohibited items. 
• Avoid packing gifts and souvenirs containing liquids, aerosols and gels in your carry-on. These include: liquor, wine, beer, snowglobes, cans of condensed soup, maple syrup, perfume, and lotion. Put them in checked baggage or ship them separately.
• Beverages: Drink or discard any beverages in containers of more than 100 ml before you get to security screening checkpoint.  This includes water in your personal water bottle. You can refill your container once you pass through security.
• Duty-Free Alcohol: Be sure you know the rules for bringing duty-free alcohol as part of your carry-on baggage.
• Non-solid food (e.g. yogurt, pudding, peanut butter, jam) in your carry-on must be in containers of 100 ml or less. All containers must fit in the same clear, closed, resealable 1 L plastic bag, along with all other containers of liquids, food or personal items you are carrying.
• Food over 100 ml that is normally a liquid or gel but has been frozen solid will not be allowed to pass through security in your carry-on. In order for a food to be considered a solid, it must be solid at room temperature.
• Solid food with less than 100 ml of liquid: Canned or jarred goods containing both solids and liquid that clearly contain less than 100 ml of liquid (e.g., can of tuna) are allowed. These items must fit in the same clear, closed, resealable 1 L plastic bag with all other containers of liquids, food or personal items you are carrying. 
• Food in checked baggage:  Both solid food and non-solid (over 100 ml) can go in your checked baggage; however, some restrictions may apply.

Did you know?

You can bring solid food in both carry-on and checked baggage. See Travelling with Food Items  for more detail. 

You can pack alcoholic beverages (including homemade wine and beer, and commercial products) in your checked baggage if:

• The percentage of alcohol by volume is 70% (140 proof) or less.
• The quantity does not exceed five litres per person for alcoholic beverages between 24% and 70% alcohol by volume.

Alcoholic beverages containing 24% alcohol or less are not subject to limitations on quantities. 

Duty-free alcohol: See Duty-Free Purchases .

Check the Canadian Border Services Agency website for personal exemption amounts on alcoholic beverages.

Personal items are allowed in carry-on baggage if they comply with the liquid restrictions. Some restrictions also apply to personal items in checked baggage.

The following items are allowed in limited quantities in your checked baggage:

• Insect repellent (limit of one aerosol canister per person)
• Aerosol items that are toiletry articles (e.g. hair spray, perfumes, cologne, aerosol deodorant)

Aerosols are subject to a maximum limit of 500 ml/500 g per container , with a total net quantity not exceeding 2 L/2 kg. Release valves on aerosols must be protected by a cap or other suitable means to prevent inadvertent release of the contents.

Some items are exempted from the 100 ml or 100 g (3.4 oz) limit and do not have to be placed in a plastic bag. However, you must declare these items to the screening officer for inspection. The exceptions are:

• Baby food/drink: If you are travelling with an infant younger than two years of age (0-24 months), baby food, milk, liquid formula, water and juice are allowed in quantities greater than 100 ml .
• Breast milk: Passengers flying with or without their child can bring breast milk in quantities greater than 100 ml
• Prescription medicines are allowed.
• Essential non-prescription medicines , such as homeopathic products, pain relieving medication, cough syrup, decongestant spray, gel-based nutritional supplements, saline solution or eye care products, are allowed. 
• COVID-19 test kits are permitted without restrictions in carry-on and checked baggage.
• Gel and ice packs are allowed, if they are needed to treat an injury, to refrigerate baby food, milk, breast milk, formula, water and juice for infants younger than two years of age (0-24 months), or to preserve medically necessary items or medication
• Liquids/gels for diabetes: Juice or gels are allowed if you need them for diabetic or other medical conditions.
• Distilled water for CPAP devices: The distilled water needed to operate Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) devices is exempt from liquid restrictions.

Documentation to support your medical needs or condition is not required; however, if you feel that it would help ease your screening, it should be presented to the screening officer along with your medically necessary items.

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• Passports, travel and living abroad
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Hand luggage restrictions at UK airports

There are restrictions on what items you can take in your hand luggage and hold luggage when boarding a plane in the UK.

There are different rules if you’re taking goods to sell or temporarily abroad for business reasons , for example sales samples, professional equipment or musical instruments for a performance.

Airport security staff will not let anything through that they consider dangerous - even if it’s normally allowed in hand luggage.

Hand luggage allowances

Check with your airline how many and what size bags you can take on the plane with you.

Check the rules for electronic items and devices you’re allowed to take on a flight before you travel - there are different rules depending on which country you are travelling to or from.

Taking liquids through security

There are restrictions on the amount of liquids you can take in your hand luggage. Check the rules for liquids before you travel.

If possible, pack liquids in your hold baggage (luggage that you check in).

The rules for taking liquids through security in your hand luggage have changed for some UK airports. Check with the airport before you travel.

Liquid restrictions outside the UK

Countries outside the UK might have different rules on carrying liquids as a transit or transfer passenger. You should check these rules with the relevant airlines and airports before travelling.

You can only carry 1 lighter on board. You should put it inside a resealable plastic bag (like the ones used for liquids), which you must keep on you throughout the flight. You cannot:

• put it in your hold luggage
• put it in your hand luggage after screening

Food and powders

Food items and powders in your hand luggage can obstruct images on x-ray machines. Your bags may need to be checked again manually by security. You can put these items in your hold luggage to minimise delays.

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Rishi Sunak faces worst losses for 40 years

Ryanair issues important travel warning to passengers about hand luggage liquids rule.

Ryanair has sent out a warning to passengers about rules involving liquids in hand luggage.

The budget airline's warning comes ahead of the 100ml liquids rule for hand luggage being scrapped. The strict travel regulations were originally brought in back in 2006.

However, in 2022, the Government announced all airports would be upgrading their screening equipment and changing the liquids rule from 100ml to up to two litres. At the time, a deadline of June 2024 was set - but different UK airports will have their new scanners up and running by different dates, reports the Liverpool Echo.

Read More: Travel expert urges holidaymakers to do 10 vital things before jetting off - here's the checklist

Get all the latest money news and budgeting tips from Chronicle Live with our free newsletter

An email, with the subject heading "important travel information", was sent to many Ryanair customers with bookings. It reads: "We want to remind passengers that despite upcoming changes to the rule, the 100ml limit on liquids still applies across UK airports and will begin to be phased out starting June 1st 2024.

"We ask all passengers traveling through UK airports in the coming months to please consult the website of the airport for the most accurate and up to date information on their liquids policy. Please check the websites of all airports you will depart from on your trip as policies will vary. We advise you to adhere to the policy of each airport to avoid delays in security."

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UK government issues new airport guidance on 100ml liquid rule as travellers point out major flaw

You need to be think about the entire trip despite the new uk rules.

Tom Earnshaw

The UK government has issued new airport advice when it comes to the steady removal of 100ml liquid limits in hand luggage.

First announced back in 2022, the government said it was overhauling how we get through security across every airport in the United Kingdom .

For almost 20 years, Brits flying out of the country with hand luggage have been forced to whack all their liquids in 20cm by 20cm plastic bags, with each container capped at 100ml in size .

Any bigger than this, or have too much to fit in the tiny plastic bags, and you'll be forced to bin where appropriate. It's why many are pushing one genius airport to get all your liquids on the plane that's totally above board.

Although brought in for the right reasons following a foiled terrorist plot to blow up airplanes that were flying from London to the USA with homemade liquid bombs, that sentiment is lost during the frustration of security queues that can take long as it is without the additional 30 minute wait per bag being checked.

Security queues are set to be cut right down from 2025 across every single UK airport with the introduction of Next Generation Security Checkpoint (NGSC) Scanners.

Once in place, they'll mean passengers can fly with up to two litres of liquids in their hand luggage. You also won't need to take it out your bag at the security check point. The same applies to electrical goods such as laptops and iPads .

Transport Secretary Mark Harper said the scanners will improve the 'passenger experience and most importantly detecting potential threats'.

Christopher Snelling, policy director at the Airport Operators Association, which represents UK airports, said the scanners are a 'great step forward for UK air travel, matching the best in class around the world'.

Currently three UK airports have the new scanners in place - those being Teesside, Aberdeen International and London City airports.

The rest will follow suit in a staggered implementation, ready for the 2025 summer season.

But fresh guidance has been issued by the Department for Transport (DfT) following murmurs around exactly what people are meant to do when travelling back to the UK.

Travellers have taken to social media to point out that regardless of rules in the UK, it requires the hi-tech scanning system to also be implemented in foreign airports to not fall foul of caps on liquid limits.

LADbible now understands that while the technology is being rolled out, passengers should come prepared as usual with liquids no more than 100ml unless advised otherwise by their airports.

But this should also be the case with airports they're travelling back from, with checking requirements at all airports involved in the trip - including return journeys and for any transfers - vital as restrictions vary across the world.

The government expects that in time, the new scanners will become 'standard' for all forms of international travel.

A DfT spokesperson told LADbible: "The UK is a world leader at rolling out next generation security scanners – making travel easier for passengers, enhancing security further at UK airports and, over time, we expect this technology to be standard for airport security globally.

“Every country has the right to set their own airport security restrictions, and passengers should continue, as they always have, to check the rules of the airports they are travelling to, via and from.”

As it stands, you can take liquid containers larger than 100ml through security at all UK airports if they are for essential medical purposes; are for special dietary requirements; and / or contain baby food or baby milk.

Topics:  Travel , UK News , Holiday , Politics , Hacks , World News , Technology

Tom joined LADbible in 2024, specialising in SEO and trending content. He moved to the company from Reach plc where he enjoyed spells as a content editor and senior reporter for one of the country's most-read local news brands, LancsLive. When he's not in work, Tom spends his adult life as a suffering Manchester United supporter after a childhood filled with trebles and Premier League titles. You can't have it all forever, I suppose.

@ TREarnshaw

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