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10 of the best places to visit in Türkiye

Dec 14, 2023 • 6 min read

Plan your visit to Türkiye with these top places to see © rudi_suardi / Getty Images

The eclectic city of Istanbul, the fantastical rock forms of Cappadocia, the ancient ruins of Ephesus, and the glimmering Mediterranean and Aegean coastlines are Türkiye ’s biggest draws, but each region of the country has something distinct to offer.

The diversity of landscapes, heritage and culinary culture will surprise those who have never ventured beyond holiday resorts and the beach. Even though it’s easy to get around Türkiye , the country has too much to see and do to tackle it all on one trip. Because most domestic flights route through Istanbul, spend at least a few days in this dynamic global metropolis before heading out to one of our other top places to visit in Türkiye.

1. Istanbul

Best for ancient sites and modern neighborhoods

One of the world’s greatest cities, Istanbul should be on every traveler’s must-visit list. Highlight sights like the grand Byzantine basilica Aya Sofya , often called Hagia Sophia in English, and the Ottoman sultans’ lavish Topkapı Palace attest to the city’s centuries-long history as the capital of powerful empires.

But set aside some time to experience Istanbul as it is today, too. Go cafe- or bar-hopping in the hip Kadıköy neighborhood, wander the backstreets of more conservative Fatih or peruse contemporary art in Beyoğlu . Don’t forget the simple pleasure of drinking çay (tea) on the ferry while taking in spectacular views of the city.

Planning tip:  You could easily spend your entire vacation in Istanbul, but if you have the time, it's worth venturing further afield in search of other Turkish delights.

2. Cappadocia

Best for its unique landscape

Cappadocia is a geological wonderland in the center of Türkiye. The history of early Christians in Anatolia comes alive at the Göreme Open-Air Museum and the other cave churches and underground cities scattered around the valley. Romance blossoms in the area’s cozy cave hotels and restaurants, not to mention sunrise balloon rides complete with a champagne toast. Adventure awaits amid the green valleys and undulating rocks for hikers, mountain bikers and trail runners .

3. Turquoise Coast

Best for history lovers and beaches

Yes, Türkiye's  Mediterranean coastline between Fethiye and Antalya is full of beautiful places for sun, sea and sand vacations , but it’s also dappled with evidence of the ancient civilizations that once populated the area. The seaside ruins of Patara (which boasts one of Türkiye's best beaches too) and Phaselis are particularly picturesque, and the rock tombs of Myra are especially impressive. The Antalya Museum offers good insights into the region’s history. Explore by sea on a gület cruise, on foot along the Lycian Way hiking path or by driving the scenic (but winding!) coastal roads.

4. Eastern Black Sea and Kaçkar Mountains

Best for rural traditions

The rough, cold waters of the Black Sea aren’t particularly inviting, but turn your gaze inland, where lush green valleys spill down to the coast from high peaks, to see the region’s appeal. The lower elevations are home to most of Türkiye's tea and hazelnut production, while the high plateaus ( yaylalar ) like Pokut , that were once used as summer pastures for livestock, are becoming popular with tourists seeking out scenic views and a taste of traditional Black Sea culture and cuisine. Further above, the Kaçkar Mountains offer spectacular trekking in summer for experienced hikers.

Planning tip:  Trabzon, home to the cliff-side Sumela Monastery , is the area’s main hub for air travel.

5. Southeastern Anatolia

Best for culture and food

The often-overlooked southeastern Anatolia region is one of Türkiye's cultural – and culinary – stars. The cities of Gaziantep and Antakya (Hatay) are famed for their food, and both also boast museums with incredible collections of Roman mosaics. Mardin ’s picturesque, well-preserved old town also makes a great base for exploring the monasteries and Roman ruins in the surrounding area. The world’s oldest religious site, Göbeklitepe , lies just outside of Şanlıurfa, which has its own fine archaeology museum and bazaar .

6. Datça and Bozburun peninsulas

Best for relaxation

Chilling out and getting back to nature is the order of the day on the remote  Datça and Bozburun peninsulas in the south Aegean. In place of the boisterous nightlife of nearby Bodrum and Marmaris, you’ll find miles of dramatic rocky coastline, scenic rural villages, and small, quiet beach resorts and seaside towns.

Planning tip:  The Carian Trail long-distance hiking path encircles both peninsulas. Check before setting out as some sections of the route were inaccessible following wildfire damage in the summer of 2021.

7. Türkiye's far east

Best for rugged beauty

The vast landscapes of Türkiye's far east have a remote ruggedness unmatched elsewhere in the country. Perhaps best known to travelers as the terminus of the Doğu Ekpresi (Eastern Express) , a popular and scenic overnight train trip from Ankara , the border city of Kars retains striking architecture from its years as a Russian outpost in the 1800s. Nearby are the extensive and evocative UNESCO-listed ruins of Ani , an ancient Armenian capital.

A three-hour drive south will take you to the remote İshak Paşa Palace , passing by the fabled Mt Ararat (Ağrı Dağı) en route. Continue on to Van , where you can fuel up on one of the city’s famously elaborate breakfast spreads before visiting the fine museum in town and taking a day excursion to Akdamar Kilisesi , a masterfully decorated Armenian church and monastery complex on a small island in Lake Van.

8. Gallipoli and the North Aegean

Best for WWI history and ancient Troy

Cemeteries devoted to the tens of thousands of soldiers who died in bloody battles on the Gallipoli Peninsula during WWI are scattered around bucolic rolling hills, all the more poignant amidst such serenely beautiful landscapes.

The area is also the gateway to Türkiye's North Aegean coast, a more relaxed alternative to the Mediterranean where you can take a leisurely tour of pleasant seaside towns like Ayvalık and Foça, the island wineries of Bozcaada, the ancient city of Troy (with its standout museum ) and the spectacularly sited hilltop acropolis of Bergama .

9. Safranbolu

Best for Ottoman atmosphere

Named for the saffron that was grown and traded here for centuries, Safranbolu is today popular with visitors who come to soak in its old Ottoman atmosphere. Many of the town’s historic wood-framed mansions have been restored and converted into picture-perfect boutique hotels, cafes and restaurants.

Planning tip:  If it all starts to seem a little too cutesy, the canyons, waterfalls and woods of the nearby Yenice Forest are a natural tonic.

10. Pamukkale

Best for its ancient spa

The bright-white terraces of Pamukkale are surely one of the most photographed sites in Türkiye, incongruously gleaming above the rural town like freshly fallen snow. The warm mineral water that flows through them was the basis for the ancient spa city of Hierapolis , whose extensive remains sprawl out along the hilltop next to the famous travertines.

Planning tip:  Pamukkale also makes a good base for visiting other nearby ancient sites like Laodicea , Tripolis and – most notably – the gorgeous ruins of Afrodisias with its impressive collection of Roman marble sculptures.

This article was first published September 2021 and updated December 2023

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The 15 Best Places to Visit in Turkey (Updated for 2024)

Written by: Author Andrew Helling  |  Reviewed by: Sandy Mitchell

Andrew Helling is a licensed pilot, travel enthusiast, and the founder of Travellers Worldwide whose travel expertise has been quoted in countless publications across the web. Armed with a laptop and a Wi-Fi connection, he loves exploring the world with his wife and son and is always on the hunt for cheap flights and new adventures... Learn More

Sandy Mitchell is a travel expert and the content reviewer/fact checker at Travellers Worldwide. Using the experience she gained working in the travel industry for more than 20 years, as a travel agent, travel marketing executive, and cruise school administrator, Sandy fact-checks and reviews each of our guides to ensure they're as accurate and helpful as possible... Learn More

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From exotic palaces and iconic domed mosques to underground cave cities and Mediterranean beaches lined with castles and ruins, the best places to visit in Turkey offer a captivating allure for all types of travelers.

History, sightseeing, outdoor recreation, and urban exploration are all on the table in Turkey (officially called Türkiye). We’ll show you our favorite places to visit in Turkey below to make your upcoming trip truly memorable.

15 of the Best Places to Visit in Turkey

Straddling Southwestern Asia and Southeastern Europe with cities and landmarks old and new, Turkey is a study in contrasts and the bringing together of different cultures, landscapes, and experiences.

Sitting on the Mediterranean, there are megalithic sites that date back to the New Stone Age juxtaposed with nearby modern cities like Istanbul that still display prominent historic landmarks, mosques, and palaces. It’s an incredible place to visit, especially when you’ve got a list of the country’s “greatest hits” to plan your itinerary. 

See what makes Turkey so unique and satisfying by taking a look at the 15 best places to visit in the country below! We’ll show you the sites you won’t want to miss and what makes each place so special in the land of the Turks. 

1. Istanbul

Turkey Photo/Shutterstock

When a city is home to four UNESCO World Heritage Sites , you know it’s chock full of amazing landmarks, architecture, and cool history. Istanbul is precisely that, with historic sites that date back 3,500+ years, amazing restaurants and street food stalls, spice markets, and stunning mosques to check out. 

In the Historical Peninsula of Istanbul, Sultanahmet Archaeological Park is where you’ll find the Hippodrome of Constantine , the Christian basilica-turned-mosque of Hagia Sophia, and the famed Topkapi Palace (now a museum you can tour).

Nearby is the Ottoman-era Blue Mosque, and you’ll love wandering the Grand Bazaar covered market and the 1600s Spice Bazaar. Head to the Basilica Cistern deep underground (amazing experience) and get a bird’s eye view at the Galata Tower and museum overlooking the city.

While you’re here, take a taksi (taxi) to Kadikoy and eat a filling traditional meze spread (similar to Spanish tapas) or grab kebabs from a food cart and sip twice-distilled grape rakı to catch an Istanbul buzz. 

Read Next: Istanbul Safety Guide for 2024 and The Best & Worst Times to Visit Istanbul

2. Pamukkale

Jakob Fisher/Shutterstock

Pamukkale is an ancient city that sits in western Turkey with its picturesque terraced white-and-blue pools that appear to be dripping with icicles. Once the ancient spa city of Hierapolis, today, it’s a protected area that people visit to explore the unique landscape and ruins unspoiled by development. 

Calcium-rich springs flowing over the cliffside terraces created the amazing “frozen waterfall” formations and crystal-clear, light blue pools over centuries. You can walk on the actual terraced calcium pools and deposits, but you’ll have to do it barefoot (shoes can damage them). 

While you’re here, scout around to explore the ancient Hierapolis ruins , including vast Greek baths, monuments, Roman columns, an amphitheater, and temples that date back to second century B.C.  You can even swim in the warm Antique Pool (Cleopatra Pools) that stays near 100°F year-round!

Book a hotel at the base of the hill and stay the night before — it ensures you’ll arrive early enough to enjoy the site without huge crowds. 

3. Oludeniz

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Oludeniz, meaning “dead sea,” is a bustling beach village known as the Blue Lagoon in Southwestern Turkey. Featuring wide, sandy shores in dazzling white and blue shades, this village overlooks Belcekız Beach and features great waterfront recreation and dining options. 

It’s the ultimate sunny getaway in Turkey, offering amazing views of the green-blanketed Babadağ mountain with plenty of spaces to lounge on the sand, try water sports like paddle boating and parasailing, and paraglide from heights over 6,500 feet from the mountain overlooking the lagoon. 

Take the Lycian Way footpath to wind along the coast for amazing views (and to check out the range of dining and shopping options along the way), or head further south down to Butterfly Valley to reach a hidden bay where crowds are rare. 

Cave diving, snorkeling, and hitting the many waterfront restaurants, bars, and cocktail lounges make this village an incredible place to experience the laid-back side of Turkey surrounded by gorgeous mountain and lagoon views. 

4. Cappadocia

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The Cappadocia region of Turkey is desert-like and holds an intriguing secret: There’s an entire underground city here. Filled with rock formations known as fairy chimneys, small openings to the subterranean city, and ample chances to explore the area in unconventional ways, it’s a must-see place in Turkey. 

Cappadocia draws tourists because of its lunar landscapes with towering hoodoos, or fairy chimneys, jutting out from the ground, many with tiny entrances and “windows,” signaling that there’s something special about this place just below the surface. 

The area was on the Silk Road trading route and Hittites first came here around 1800 B.C. They began carving and excavating the soft rock to form rooms and eventually, complete underground cities like Derinkuyu (Elengbu) with multiple levels of tunnels including churches, schools, kitchens, and gathering places. 

You can tour some of the levels within these underground cities, which are now illuminated and posted with signs for easy exploration as you wander the wide passageways. For a different perspective, you can paraglide or take a hot air balloon ride over the region to see the tops of the fairy chimneys below you appearing like an alien planet.

Read Next: Is Cappadocia Safe to Visit? & Overall Best Time to Visit Cappadocia

5. Marmaris

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Turkey’s coasts are stunning, and Marmaris, a pebbled beach resort village on the Turkish Riviera, is one of the best to visit on the Southwestern coast. Famous for its nightlife and beautiful views of lush, green mountains next to the Mediterranean Sea, it’s a great place to relax and explore. 

People come to Marmaris for all kinds of waterfront fun — sailing, diving, lounging on the sand, parasailing, jet skiing, and fishing among them. There are tons of bars, clubs, and restaurants sitting right on the water to give you all the luxe beach vacation vibes you’re dreaming of. 

Bar Street is the hub of all the nightlife and action in the town. If you’re looking for the party, this is where you’ll find it. For a little more seclusion, you can head over to Kumlubuk or Amos for serene shores with smaller crowds and more relaxing experiences. The Marmaris Castle and Museum (built in 490 B.C.) makes a great stop while you’re here! 

The smaller town of Turunc is where you can slow down to wander into tiny cafes and gift shops during the day. Try to end back up in Marmaris and its Icmeler district to find the best dining options for nice dinners out and a touch of sophistication. 

Nejdet Duzen/Shutterstock

Ephesus is an ancient city and archaeological site filled with Greek and Roman ruins in the Aegean region of Turkey, just outside of Selçuk. Once an essential city in Mediterranean trade, it features history from Christian and Islamic roots to modern-day markets and fascinating museums. 

Ephesus is one of Turkey’s most popular sightseeing areas with its ancient relics, architecture, and important role in religious history. The stone-paved streets here will take you past crumbling ruins of temples, basilicas, mosques, and public squares where sellers at modern markets hawk souvenirs just outside the city gate. 

It’s home to Temple of Artemis, one of the original Seven Wonders of the Ancient World , where you can still see the foundation walls and columns standing proudly. The Temple of Hadrian (circa 138 A.D.) on Curetes Street is one of the best-preserved Roman ruins here, standing across from the Scholastica Baths.

Head to the museums, like the newer Ephesus Experience Museum inside of an old home, where you can watch video exhibits projected on the walls and ceiling covering the city’s history, or the classic Ephesus Archaeology Museum filled with artifacts and ancient excavation finds. 

If you’re interested in religious history, visit the grave of Saint John the apostle (about 10 minutes’ walk from the Ephesus Museum) among Byzantine church ruins, the House of the Virgin Mary, and the Isa Bey Mosque nearby, built in the mid-1300s. 

Artem Evdokimov/Shutterstock

Take a break from the hard-hitting history of Turkey by planning a stop at Antalya, one of the country’s premier beach destinations featuring an immersive Old Town district and a more modern, tourist-friendly side on the blue waterfront with resorts, shops, and restaurants. 

Antalya is equal parts luxury beachfront and ancient history, with its prime location on the Turkish Riviera along the southern Mediterranean coast. It was once a Roman port, and relics and architecture from that era can be explored in Kaleici, its Old Town city center, and at the Antalya Archaeology Museum .

Kaleici has been renovated and preserved to be especially thrilling for a visit, with its maze-like narrow streets and alleys intersecting at ancient mosques (like the Yivli Minaret Mosque), the Mevlevi Lodge (the building of the “whirling dervishes”), the 9th-century Antalya Clock Tower, and boutique hotels and shops.

When you’re ready to hit the beach, Mermerli Beach sits between the harbor and Old Town on a nice stretch of sand ringed by rocky and green cliffs overlooking the Mediterranean Sea. Rent a beach chair or go snorkeling here. You access the beach through the restaurant by the same name in Kaleici! 

On Turkey’s Bodrum Peninsula, the city of Bodrum stretches along the Southwestern Coast on the Aegean Sea with an ancient castle, amazing museums with archaeological artifacts, and one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World to explore along with its bustling beaches and offshore islands. 

Start your visit with some sightseeing at the Bodrum Castle, a medieval fortress built for St. Peter by the Knights of Saint John. You can look over the city’s two bays and look for the hilltop, white-washed Bodrum Windmills below. 

You’ll learn a lot and see shipwrecks at the Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology , while the Bodrum Mausoleum Museum at Halicarnassus gives you the opportunity to explore a Greek-built tomb (circa 350 B.C.) for Mausolus, a Turkish provincial governor in the Achaemenid Empire. 

The Bodrum Ancient Theatre is cool to see as a 4th-century waterfront amphitheater just steps from the city center that is still used today for concerts and performances. The crescent-shaped Bitez Beach and cove is alluring with its gorgeous views and access to the Aegean for water sports, like diving and snorkeling, and plenty of waterfront restaurants and bars to check out along the shore.

Head just out of Bodrum to the Pedasa Antique City (a 1.5 hour hike if you want to walk) to see ruins up-close, or explore the city center in town for cool shops, restaurants along the back streets, and to try the famous Bitez Dondurma ice cream and manti, or crispy fried Turkish ravioli. 

9. Patara Beach

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Southern Turkey’s longest and largest beach, Patara Beach, is calling to you and ranks as one of the best places to visit in Turkey overall with its serene, white sandy shores stretching along a lovely section of the Turkish Riviera near the ancient city of Patara. 

This is a naturally protected area, home to sea turtle spawning grounds , with views of the nearby Lycian mountains and the Kum Tepesi sand dunes. The beach is a major attraction for tourists here, from lazing on the sand to exciting water sports like kitesurfing, diving, and paddle boarding enjoyed in the surf. 

Many don’t realize that Patara is where St. Nicolas — yes, that St. Nicolas — was born in 275 A.D. and the place where the Apostle Paul  started a Christian community (you can see ruins of his old harbor church in the water) and embarked on his 3rd missionary journey to Tyre. 

The Patara Ruins are another reason to visit this area, with an ancient amphitheater, 1st-century Roman Triumphal Arch, numerous temples, a lighthouse, a necropolis, a lighthouse, ancient parliament building, city gate, the Nero and Vespasian Baths, sarcophagi, and more to explore. 

10. Mount Ararat

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Turkey’s famous Mount Ararat is often talked about as the possible location of Noah’s ark from Biblical times, as the peaks rose high enough for the ark to settle on as the flood waters receded. Many people come to see the potential site of the ark, but it’s just as popular for mountaineering. 

You can climb Turkey’s highest, largest, and furthest-east volcano, Mount Ararat (also called Agri Dagi), by attempting to summit either of its two peaks: Greater Ararat or Little Ararat. Both are volcanic cones and ice-capped peaks with glaciers at the top. 

Climbing Mount Ararat is a doable 3-5 day venture for even beginner climbers, as long as you give yourself enough time to acclimatize at the higher elevation. The adventure starts in Cevirme Village in Doğubeyazıt, a town in the foothills with some neat historic landmarks and sites you can visit before or after your trek. 

Check out the Ottoman-era Ishak Pasha Palace ruins and Durupınar , a giant boat-shaped formation that some believe shows the outline and petrified remains of Noah’s ark, just beyond the village. 

If you’re coming to climb, you’ll need a licensed guide (independent climbing isn’t allowed). The best time is between June and September, when you’ll have good weather and views of 5 surrounding countries, but skiing is ideal from March to April. 

Bilal Kocabas/Shutterstock

Formerly known as Angora, Ankara is Turkey’s capital city and located in the central Anatolia region. It’s the second-biggest city in the country and a hub for dining, performing arts, shopping, and historic sites and landmarks. This is a great place to spend a few days exploring! 

You’ll see the Ankara Kalesi (castle/fortress) and the impressive Anitkabir mausoleum looming over the city from the hill, standing as a monument and resting place for Turkey’s first president. It’s amazing to see the sea of red roofs all over the city’s village district! 

The Ali Serafettin Mosque is 700+ years old and truly stunning to see in person with other, less-aged mosques just steps away. See a performance at the Ankara Opera and Ballet or the Presidential Symphony Orchestra. Check out Cermodern art gallery before heading off for a late dinner at a nearby restaurant or kebab stand operating on the street. 

Spend a few hours exploring the city’s Museum of Anatolian Civilizations , check out a traditional Turkish hamam (bath) to relax near the green space of Gençlik Park (there’s a theater and Ferris wheel!), and visit Tunalı Hilmi Avenue downtown for great shopping, restaurants, and bars along the street. 

It might sound like a unique name for a city, but Side (meaning “pomegranate” in the ancient Luwian language) is a fascinating place to visit in Turkey. It’s home to a historic port, Greco-Roman ruins, stunning temples and museums, and great beaches that will demand most of your time while you’re here. 

The streets and alleys of Side are interesting to wander in a labyrinth design past the beaches and ancient ruins of the city center along with luxury gardens that tell of the city’s important historic past. At the center is the Antique Theater, built in the second century and large enough to hold 15,000 people. 

See artwork and ancient relics pulled from the ground in archaeological sites around Side at the Side Museum , which is a great place to start your sightseeing adventure, and head out to see wonders like the Roman Apollon Temple (circa 150 A.D.), the Temple of Athena, and the remains and ruins of the 7th-century city of Side .

With over 6 miles of sandy beaches stretching along the Southern Mediterranean coast, this historic port city is also a popular spot for sunbathers and swimmers seeking a little R&R in one of Turkey’s most beautiful areas.

There are calm beaches, like Colakli Beach, where the surf is gentle and the sea gently slopes off to make an ideal spot for families with kids or unsure swimmers. This beach is lined with waterfront restaurants and cafes where you can enjoy great views while you eat and drink Turkish cuisine or international fare.

Abdullah Durman/Shutterstock

Known as one of Turkey’s most religious and conservative cities, visiting Konya is a different experience entirely. Sufis, people following an esoteric mystical Islamic movement, make the annual pilgrimage here to the tomb of a mystic leader of the whirling dervishes. 

It’s interesting to visit the Alaeddin Mosque (12th-century) in the center of town, located on the scenic Alaeddin Hill where the Seljuk Palace and citadel sat for centuries. Today, there are only traces and a sultan cemetery, but the area has been excavated to produce historic relics you can see and learn about at the Konya Archaeological Museum . 

The Konya Martyrs Monument is free and worth checking out on your way to the Mevlana Museum, which stands out as the most recognizable structure with its bright turquoise-tiled dome rising above the rest of the city.

The museum was once the Mevlevi dervish (“whirling dervish”) lodge and features the Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi mausoleum. If you’re interested in the dervish rites and rituals, you can see whirling dervish ceremonies at the Mevlana Cultural Center close to the museum.

There are late-night bars and clubs (like Inferno) around the Grand Hotel if you’re seeking nightlife in the city. And when you’re hungry, there are top-rated Turkish restaurants to choose from serving up lamb, kebabs, and vegetarian dishes all around Alaeddin Hill. 

Bursa, Turkey – November 16, 2019: 700 years old Ottoman village Cumalikizik. It is popular with small tiny wooden and traditional houses and shops around cobblestone streets/Skilful/Shutterstock

Once the capital of the Ottoman Empire, Bursa, or “Green Bursa” (thanks to all its parks and natural areas) is now a bustling city that pays homage to the past as it sits in the shadow of Mount Uludag. It’s a colorful and vibrant city to explore while getting a taste of the true Turkey and its culture.

This city is dotted with examples of Ottoman-era architecture and historic sites, like the 14th-century Great Mosque of Bursa with 20 shining domes and the Green Tomb, enshrining the remains of the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed I. These sites, along with 6 others, make up the UNESCO World Heritage Site collectively known as  Bursa and Cumalıkızık: the Birth of the Ottoman Empire . 

Just behind the city, Mount Uludag is home to the Uludag National Park , where people go to ski, snowboard, hike, and camp with amazing views over the city. It’s the country’s most famous ski resort area with some challenging slopes!

Explore the Çekirge neighborhood for hotels with their own hamams, or Turkish baths, and be sure to grab a bite at the Iskender restaurant for traditional Iskender kebabs featuring minced kebab meat, tomato sauce, and sheep’s milk yogurt served on a warm, buttered pita. 

Izmir, Turkey – January 12, 2016 : Konak Square and Clock Tower view at sunset. Konak Square is populer tourist attraction in Izmir/Nejdet Duzen/Shutterstock

Located on the Aegean coast with rich Greco-Roman heritage and Ottoman Empire roots, Izmir is an awesome place to visit in Turkey with a number of important archaeological sites, museums, and gorgeous views over the Aegean Sea. It was once a thriving city known as Smyrna with its own expansive library, medical school, and sophisticated culture. 

With history that ranges from early Greek settlements to being conquered by the Crusaders before transforming into an Ottoman Empire port city, this is a place that has weathered the test of time and has the architecture, ruins, and history to show for it. 

See the open-air Roman Agora of Smyrna museum, look for the Alexander the Great-era Velvet Castle, Kadifekale , sitting up on a hill overlooking the city, and head to the Izmir Historical Elevator Building to learn about the different eras of rule and roles this city has played over time. 

You can tour the Ataturk Museum on the waterfront, “guarded” by twin palm trees in front of its white facade, which celebrates and honors the country’s modern founder (Mustafa Kemal Atatürk). Konak Square is always bustling in the heart of the Konak district, and you’ll find an abundance of restaurants, stores, and the famous Clock Tower of Izmir here. 

See one of the oldest structures in the city, Kızlarağası Inn, built in 1744, where there are now guest rooms and shops you can browse. Walk through the Kemeralti Market and out to Kordonboyu’s pier to gain a full appreciation of how this port city is still thriving today. 

Frequently Asked Questions

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Planning to hit the best places to visit in Turkey leaves you with a rather full to-do list, but you’ll find things much more manageable when you know the answers to all the most commonly asked questions from travelers! 

What is the best part of Turkey to go to?

Most people find Istanbul the best part of Turkey to go to with its rich history and abundant ancient landmarks, range of restaurants, bars, and shops, and bustling atmosphere with busy markets and displays of true Turkish culture.

For a more relaxing trip, the best part of Turkey to go to are its coastal cities and villages on the Mediterranean and Aegean seas. Patara Beach and its nearby ancient ruins, Marmaris and its nightlife, or Bodrum and its sightseeing near luxurious beaches are well worth visiting.

Where is the most beautiful in Turkey?

Many people consider Pamukkale, the ancient city of Hierapolis, to be the most beautiful part of Turkey with its spring-fed waterfalls and natural, terraced pools decorated with calcium "icicles" and textured edges along the light blue water.

Cappadocia, a semi-desert region filled with fairy chimney structures and complete underground cities from ancient times, is another beautiful part of Turkey to visit. People take hot air balloon rides over the area at sunrise or sunset to see the unique formations.

Where should I go for the first time in Turkey?

Everyone's first time in Turkey should start in Istanbul, once known as Constantinople and capital of the Roman Empire. The city boasts amazing historic sites, ruins, architecture dating back millennia, great museums detailing the history, and ample dining, drinks, and shopping options.

Ankara, formerly known as Angora, is another great place to visit during your first trip to Turkey. It's the second-largest city and the capital of the country with lots of sightseeing and museums to explore.

What is the most visited tourist destination in Turkey?

Istanbul is the most visited tourist destination in Turkey, seeing upwards of 16 million visitors each year (according to Statista) and leaving other Turkish destinations far behind in terms of annual tourism numbers.

Istanbul may not be the capital of Turkey, but it's certainly the tourism capital of the country and the one that most people come to see when visiting Turkey.

Is it safe to go to Turkey right now?

Turkey is generally safe to visit, but certain areas may be unsafe at this time due to terrorism, kidnapping, or the potential for imprisonment on bogus charges.

The U.S. Department of State has issued a Level 2 Travel Advisory encouraging travelers to exercise increased caution in the Hakkari and Sirnak provinces, as well as around the Syrian border.

So, What’s the Best Place to Visit in Turkey?

From the shining mosque domes of Istanbul to the far-reaching history of Smyrna-turned-Izmir, Turkey has a lot more to offer than you might initially assume. Underground cities, luxurious resort towns on the beach, and rugged natural areas with mountains to climb and ski slopes to conquer make it an amazing destination. 

Narrowing down your Turkey itinerary to the places you really want to visit can be a challenge, but with ancient history, delicious food, bustling nightlife, and ample recreation options, you can’t go wrong when you’re journeying somewhere within its borders. 

Sticking to a few destinations on this list of the best places to visit in Turkey ensures you won’t miss out on the country’s most intriguing spots, no matter what your travel goals and sightseeing dreams entail! 

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10 Best Places to Visit in Turkey

Steeped in history with a landscape that encompasses beaches and soaring mountains, Turkey has acted as the gateway between Europe and Asia for thousands of years. Being a place of trade and of exchanging cultures has made Turkey a richly diverse country. The point where East meets West, the wealth of culture and breadth of influences has left its mark and is revealed in the country’s mouthwatering culinary landscape, as well as in the innumerable religious monuments and archaeological sites.

Istanbul, once the capital of the Byzantine and Ottoman Empires, features prominently in most travel plans but there are many more great destinations. You could enjoy your time here staying in boutique hotels inside caves and floating in hot air balloons above the otherworldly landscape of Cappadocia, wandering in the midst of the Greco-Roman world in Ephesus, or simply soaking up the sun in the luxury beach resorts along the Aegean Sea. Here’s a look at the best places to visit in Turkey:

10. Ankara [SEE MAP]

Turkey’s capital city, Ankara, is a sprawling, modern city home to government buildings, commercial businesses, universities and foreign embassies. Located right in the center of the country and the Anatolia region, Ankara is an important transportation hub, linking nationals and tourists alike to other major destinations in Turkey. However, Ankara is not all business. This bustling city also offers a few historic sites and some arts and culture.

An old city once inhabited by various cultures including Hittite, Greek, Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman, Ankara is riddled with ancient structures and ruins reflecting its history. Some of the most notable of these are the Temple of Augustus, the Citadel, and a Roman Theatre. Numerous historic mosques can also be found throughout the city. An important 20th century landmark, Anitkabir, is a mausoleum housing the tomb of Turkey’s first President, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.

Ankara boasts a lively arts and culture scene with a large concentration of theaters and museums, including the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations, which houses more than 200,000 objects. Traditional markets and modern malls provide fantastic shopping choices where items such as fresh produce, spices, carpets and electronics can all be purchased.

9. Mardin [SEE MAP]

Perched on a strategic hilltop overlooking the plains of Mesopotamia in southeastern Turkey, Mardin is the capital of the Mardin Province. One of the oldest settlements in the region, Mardin is best known for its cultural diversity and Old City of sandstone buildings that cascade down the hill.

Mardin’s Old City is easily toured by walking. The maze of meandering streets leads visitors along terraced houses and popular sites like Deyrü’z-Zafaran Monastery, one of the oldest monasteries in the world, and the Sultan Isa Medresesi, a medieval monument that once served as an astronomical observatory. Zinciriye Medresesi, a 14th century Islamic school, features beautiful courtyards and art works.

The Great Mosque, with its soaring minaret, is hard to miss. Although closed to the public, the citadel presents fantastic photo opportunities. Throughout the Old City is a myriad of shops selling the likes of pottery, silverware, leather and traditional headdresses.

8. Konya [SEE MAP]

One of the oldest cities in the world and best known for its remarkable Seljuk architecture and Whirling Dervishes, Konya is a large city in Turkey’s Central Anatolia Region. In the 12th and 13th centuries, Konya prospered as a capital city under the rule of the Seljuk Dynasty. Today, attractive buildings from that era can still be admired such as the Alaeddin Mosque, which houses the tombs of several sultans. Another popular example is the Ince Minare Medrese, now a museum displaying artifacts from the Seljuk and Ottoman eras.

Although in ruins, the Seljuk Palace is also worth a visit. A modern day architectural attraction is the Seljuk Tower, one of the tallest skyscrapers in Turkey, featuring a revolving restaurant at the top two floors.

In the 13th century, Konya was the home of the Persian theologian and Sufi mystic, Rumi. His tomb, the Mausoleum of Rumi, with its neighboring Melvana Museum, is a must-see site in Konya. Rumi’s followers founded the Mevlevi Order, which are also known as the Whirling Dervishes due to their famous religious ceremonies in which they spin around and around on the left foot while wearing white, billowing gowns. These ceremonies, also known as Sama, can be observed weekly at the Mevlana Cultural Centre.

Konya also offers beautiful green spaces and parks such as Alaeddin Hill, in the city center, and the Japanese Park with its lovely pagodas, waterfalls and ponds.

Because Konya is one of Turkey’s more conservative cities, bars and nightclubs are not as plentiful. However, some hotels and cafes do offer alcoholic drinks.

7. Antalya [SEE MAP]

Nestled along the beautiful Turkish Riviera on the Mediterranean coastline, Antalya is a large, vibrant city welcoming tourists with numerous resorts, hotels, bars and restaurants. Spectacular scenery frames the city with gorgeous beaches and lush green mountains dotted with ancient ruins. From swimming and sailing to mountain climbing, sightseeing and family fun, Antalya offers something for everyone.

A walk around Kaleiçi, the Old Quarter, offers a step back into the city’s ancient past with views of the old city walls, Roman gates, maze-like streets and historic structures that include the Clock Tower and beautiful, old churches, mosques and temples. At the heart of the Old Quarter is the Cumhuriyet Square, surrounded by shops, cafes, Turkish baths and street performers.

Antalya’s main beaches, Konyaalti and Lara, offer white sands, water sports, resorts, bars and restaurants. Nearby the beaches are water parks, amusement parks and a zoo. Several museums exhibit artifacts and relics from the area, including the award-winning Antalya Museum.

6. Marmaris [SEE MAP]

One of Turkey’s most popular seaside resorts, Marmaris is a picture-perfect setting of pine-clad mountains, sandy white beaches, turquoise waters and historic architecture. Located along the Turkish Riviera in southwest Turkey, this stunning cruise port is a tourist paradise with exceptional sightseeing opportunities, water sports, fantastic dining and buzzing nightlife.

Marmaris presents so much to see and do that visitors will be spoiled for choice. A walk along the cobblestone streets of the old quarter offers attractive architecture and a visit to the 16th century Castle of Suleyman the Magnificent. Various boating tours take visitors exploring around the picturesque bays and neighboring villages.

Horse safaris canter through lush pine forests, orange groves, traditional villages and around untouched bays and stunning waterfalls, while jeep safaris present off-the-beaten-track adventures.

Marmaris also features water parks for the whole family and Turkish baths for total pampering and relaxation. If that is not enough, there are a number of day trips from Marmaris to outstanding destinations like Dalyan, Ephesus, Pamukkale and Cleopatra Island.

The nightlife scene in Marmaris is one of Turkey’s most exciting. There are hundreds of restaurants featuring cuisines from all over the world from fast food to fine dining. Bars and clubs are found throughout the city and along the beaches. Not to be missed are the Turkish Night Show venues, which feature traditional Turkish food, mezes and belly dancing.

5. Side [SEE MAP]

A major port in ancient Pamphylia and occupied by Alexander the Great in 4th century BC, Side today is a picturesque town of classic ruins and modern day resorts overlooking sandy white beaches. Located on Turkey’s Mediterranean Coast in the Antalya Province on a small peninsula, Side offers fantastic sightseeing, nightlife and outdoor adventure.

Side’s star attraction is an excavated site of ancient Hellenistic and Roman ruins that include the remnants of a colossal amphitheater, an agora, a Byzantine basilica, public baths, marble columns and various temples. The Roman baths are now restored to house a museum, which displays a number of Roman statues and artifacts. Overlooking the beach, the Temple of Apollo is a spectacular sight, especially at sunset.

Featuring narrow streets and attractive gardens, the charming town of Side offers many restaurants ranging from delis and pizza shops to upscale dining in a variety of cuisines. Just outside of town, the Manavgat River offers boat tours, white water rafting and impressive waterfalls.

4. Bodrum [SEE MAP]

Located in the Mugla Povince in the southern Aegean region of Turkey, Bodrum is the site of the ancient fortified city, Halicarnassus, which was once home to marble buildings, temples, statutes, paved streets and the Mausoleum, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

After falling into ruins, the city remained a quiet fishing village until the 20th century when Turkish intellectuals brought popularity to it through their writings. Today, Bodrum’s intriguing ruins, stunning beaches and cliff-top resorts attract people from all over the world.

On Bodrum’s eastern side, tourists will find a beautiful beach overlooking brilliant blue water. Near the beach are plenty of cafes, bars and nightclubs. On the western side of town is the marina, shopping centers and restaurants.

No visit to Bodrum would be complete without seeing the Castle of St. Peter, also known as Bodrum Castle. Built from 1402 by the Knights Hospitaller it now operates as a museum. Other sights include the last remains of the Mausoleum, and ancient amphitheater and the Myndos Gate, which was once the scene of a bloody battle during a siege by Alexander the Great.

Besides sightseeing, other things to see and do in Bodrum include the award-winning Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology which is housed inside Bodrum Castle, historic windmills, Turkish saunas and mud baths, windsurfing, scuba diving and boat tours that feature nightclubs and glass-bottomed dance floors.

3. Ephesus [SEE MAP]

Europe’s most complete classical metropolis, Ephesus is an ancient site located in Aegean Turkey. By the 1st century BC, Ephesus was one of the largest cities in all of the Roman Empire, boasting one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, the Temple of Artemis. The ruins of Ephesus are well preserved and contained within a large archaeological site, making it one of Turkey’s most popular tourist attractions.

Ephesus was declared a Roman settlement in 133 BC, although it did not reach its peak until some 200 years later. At one point, when the city was the capital of Roman Asia Minor, Ephesus housed more than 250,000 permanent residents. St.Paul lived in Ephesus, fostering Christianity among many other religions. With the decline of the harbor of Ephesus, and the sacking of the city by Germanic Goths in the third century, Ephesus began its decline.

For roughly 1,500 years, Ephesus was all but forgotten. The remnants of this incredible classical city were hidden from the world until the 1860s, when an international team of archeologists began unearthing the ruins. Today, less than 20 percent of Ephesus has been excavated, but it is still one of the largest accessible archeological sites in the world.

Without question, the most famous structure in Ephesus is the Temple of Artemis. The temple was once the largest on the planet, showcasing just how important the city of Ephesus was. Unfortunately, the temple itself was largely destroyed around the fifth century, but it is still possible to tour the ruins.

Some of the most recently excavated attractions in Ephesus, and certainly some of the most popular, are the Terraced Houses. These were the homes of the richest residents of Ephesus in approximately the first century, and they were built in a modern Roman style.

Remarkably, some of the homes had hot and cold baths, marble floors and even heating systems. On the walls, you can spot unusual artwork, mosaics and even love poems scrawled by hand.

No trip to Ephesus would be complete without seeing the famed Library of Celsus. Built in 123 AD, the library was once of the largest libraries in the ancient world, coming in third after the libraries of Alexandria and Pergamum. The library has been restored, making it easier to see its two-story design, its columns and its capitals.

Be sure to admire the four statues that represent the four virtues. While these are now replica statues, and not the originals, you can still see Sophia, representing wisdom, Episteme, representing knowledge, Ennoia, representing thought, and Arete, representing goodness.

Just two miles from Ephesus is the town of Selçuk, where many visitors choose to spend time before or after exploring the ruins of Ephesus. In the center of Selçuk, you might want to stop and admire the Roman aqueduct that once supplied water to the city, or you could learn a little more about the archeology of the region by exploring the collections at the Museum of Ephesus. You can also browse at the market or pick up double knot carpets, the most popular souvenir from the area.

2. Cappadocia [SEE MAP]

Situated in Central Anatolia of Turkey, Cappadocia is best known for its fairytale landscape of unusual formations resembling chimneys, cones, mushrooms and pinnacles. Natural processes such as ancient volcanic eruptions and erosion have all sculpted these odd formations over the ages, with some of them rising as much as 130 feet (40 meters) high. However, thousands of years ago, mankind added remarkable touches to the landscape by carving out houses, churches and underground cities from the soft rock.

Inhabited as early as 1800 BC, Hittites and other residents chiseled out underground tunnel complexes, seeking safety from invading Persians and Greeks. Much later in the 4th century AD, Christians, fleeing out of religious persecution from Rome, sought refuge in Cappadocia’s tunnels and caves. Today, the region’s natural wonders and historic sites all make it a popular destination.

While much of Cappadocia is located in the province of Nevsehir, some of the main towns in the region are Ürgüp, Göreme, Avanos, Ortahisar and Mustafapasa. Many of these towns offer hotels, restaurants, nightlife options and attractions such as museums, rock castles, fairy chimneys, underground tunnels, old Greek villages, monasteries and handicraft markets. Some of the caves in the region are actually hotels and cater to tourists.

1. Istanbul [SEE MAP]

Once serving as the capital of the Ottoman and Byzantine Empires, Istanbul today is the largest city in Turkey and one of the largest in the world. Istanbul stretches across both sides of the Bosphorus, a narrow strait that connects Asia and Europe, making it the only city in the world spanning two continents. Impressive architecture, historic sites, dining, shopping, nightlife and exotic atmosphere all make Istanbul one of the world’s top tourist destinations.

See also: Where to Stay in Istanbul

The Old City is where most of the city’s impressive historic sites are found, which include the Hagia Sophia, Blue Mosque and Topkapi Palace. Another important district is New City, known for its modern day attractions, skyscrapers and shopping malls. Beyoglu and Galata are popular zones for nightlife and entertainment, while the Bosphorus area is home to beautiful palaces, waterfront mansions and urban parks.

There is no shortage of exciting things to see and do in Istanbul . A shopping affair not to be missed is the Grand Bazaar, one of the world’s oldest and largest covered markets. Visiting a Turkish bath is also a great way to experience the local culture. The nightlife scene in Istanbul abounds in numerous restaurants, pubs and nightclubs to suit every budget and preference.

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Reader interactions.

June 29, 2018 at 12:49 pm

You must go to Rize too.

December 18, 2017 at 3:41 pm

Izmir is one of the best Turkey there is,lots of historic places and many great places to see

November 13, 2017 at 8:45 am

You should have added Bursa and Cumalikizik to your list. Bursa and its vicinities offer a lot for the visitors, who would like to taste great food, experience thermal baths, Turkish baths, visit bazaars, mosques, madrasas and enjoy beautiful nature…

June 29, 2017 at 1:56 pm

Turkey has a lot to offer for those who wants to see mixture of cultures, tradition and history. I have been to half of the places mentioned above and each place has its unique history and taste to it. Actually i am planning to move to live in Izmir with my family in less than a month time. We are so excited about this venture, and look forward to get more of Turkey in next few years.

June 21, 2017 at 10:33 pm

I can’t believe you skipped Kastamonu

May 30, 2017 at 2:29 am

I’m suprised you skipped Gaziantep. Gaziantep has the most beatiful Turkish cuisine. You have to taste beyran, kebab, baklava, kadayıf.. In addition, I strongly recommend you to see the ancient city of Zeugma . There are many wonderful muesums and castlle in Gaziantep. I must say that Gaziantep has the biggest zoo.

February 23, 2017 at 12:49 am

Black Sea would be the hidden Gem!! From amazing mountains to the Black Sea it has so much for all to see.

November 15, 2015 at 12:53 pm

I like Ankara, Istanbul, and Antalya. But I really love Ephesus because I really like Greek mythology and historical cities.

June 7, 2015 at 8:52 am

Antalya is definitely one of the best places. When I was a kid, I went there with my family for three days, the beach was sooo awesome!

May 16, 2015 at 12:43 pm

Turkey rocks. Its an amazing destination with a lot of beautiful n mesmerizing sights. Pammukale, Izmir, Uzungöl n safran bolu, Amasra, çanakale should b added to this list if u have time. Moreover u can skip Ankara.

February 26, 2015 at 1:16 am

in addition to: For the ones who are interested in history, Edirne is wonderful to see.

February 26, 2015 at 1:11 am

Don’t make a mistake and never go to Ankara. One of the worst cities in Turkey. I know because I live in Turkey and I lived in Ankara.

Bodrum, Istanbul, Ephesus, Kapadokya, Mardin (security is important), Side, Fethiye (dead sea), Datca and Cunda. These are the best i think

January 8, 2015 at 2:56 am

I cannot believe that you mentioned Ankara in the list. There should be Bursa which has 7 sites (5 Ottoman sultan complexes, Ottoman bazaar and Cumalıkızık Ottoman Village) in Unesco World Heritage list. The city is only 90 minutes by ferry from Istanbul. I highly recommend.

November 3, 2014 at 1:33 am

i’m planning to visit Turky soon ,because it is amazing

October 25, 2014 at 6:49 am

I think,Istanbul is the best to travel,however,Ankara is also awesome place.

October 11, 2014 at 7:42 am

I can’t believe you missed out Pamukkale! That place looks incredible! Other than that, great list! I can’t wait to explore more of Turkey.

September 8, 2014 at 6:26 am

I like Uzungol, Sultan Murat & Sekarsu nice climate, nature at Iis best …

September 2, 2014 at 7:30 pm

Nice list, Side is definitely amazing. Visiting ancient sites in Kas is something travellers shouldnt miss. Two cities are very different one is more touristy and both have great Roman ruins.

August 22, 2014 at 7:50 pm

Izmir is SOOOOOO much better than Istanbul , its crazy that its not even on this list

June 15, 2014 at 7:38 am

If you have 5 days in Istanbul , thats just nice to see it alone . Stay near the Grand Bazaar entrance, which is very near to the tram station of Beyjezit. you can walk to the Grand Bazaar, Blue Mosque, Hagia Sophia, Topkapi palace . and Citedel Basalica. Take a tram to Eminonu , where the Spice market and famous Fish restaurants, and then take the Bosphorus Cruise from there. On the third day take a City bus ride to see the outskirts of Istanbul. On 4th day you can go back to see more of what you havent covered the first three days.

April 12, 2014 at 1:01 pm

March 10, 2014 at 12:13 am

Very surprised that the Black sea region is not on your list

January 25, 2014 at 11:44 am

Can somebody advise where to go in turkey for 5 days.?

January 16, 2014 at 9:22 am

I visited Turkey last year and i must say i was impressed greatly! If you want a bit of everything on a trip then dont miss this place.

October 7, 2013 at 12:49 am

Wey!! I have done all of them apart from Ankara and looking to do that this winter

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20 Top-Rated Tourist Attractions in Turkey

Written by Jess Lee Updated May 11, 2023

Author Jess Lee lives in Turkey and has been writing about traveling in Turkey for over a decade. She has authored several travel guidebooks to the country .

Packed to the brim with ancient monuments left over from a parade of empires, and endowed with showcase scenery that never fails to impress, Turkey is a dazzling destination that straddles Asia and Europe.

Its vibrant culture, famous food, and vast history wow all who venture here, while its glorious landscapes, from the sun-soaked Mediterranean to the mighty mountains and arid steppe, are tourist attractions in themselves.

Whether you want to lap up the Byzantine and Ottoman glories of Istanbul on a city break, laze on the beach, delve into history wandering through ruins such as Ephesus, or see some of the world's most surreal panoramas in Pamukkale and Cappadocia, this country offers visitors a wide range of things to do.

For ideas on the best places to visit read our list of the top tourist attractions in Turkey.

1. Hagia Sophia (Aya Sofya) Mosque

3. cappadocia, 4. topkapı palace, 5. pamukkale, 7. cruising the mediterranean, 8. mount nemrut, 9. ölüdeniz, 10. aspendos, 12. pergamum, 13. the blue mosque, 16. safranbolu, 17. the bosphorus, 18. gaziantep zeugma mosaic museum, 19. göbeklitepe, 20. sumela monastery, best time to visit turkey.

Highlight: Take in the majestic interior of one of Istanbul's most iconic buildings

Renowned as one of the most beautiful buildings in the world, the spellbinding Byzantine glory of the Hagia Sophia Mosque (Aya Sofya) is not only one of the top things to do in Istanbul, but also in Turkey.

Built by the Byzantine Emperor Justinian in 537 CE, it is renowned as the Byzantine Empire's greatest architectural achievement and has remained the world's largest church for 1,000 years.

The staggering bulk of its exterior is rimmed by the delicate minarets added after the Ottoman conquest, while the sumptuous and cavernous frescoed interior is a grand reminder of old Constantinople's might and power.

This famed monument is a must-do for every tourist visiting the country.

• Read More: Exploring Hagia Sophia Mosque: A Visitor's Guide

Highlights: Crane your neck at the Library of Celsus, hike up the cavea of the Great Theater, and stroll amid the ruins of this ancient city

Not to be missed, the mighty ruin of Ephesus is a city of colossal monuments and marble-columned roads.

One of the most complete, still-standing famed cities of antiquity in the Mediterranean region, this is the place to experience what life must have been like during the golden age of the Roman Empire.

The city's history dates back to the 10th century BCE, but the major monuments you see today all date from its Roman era when it was a thriving commercial center.

In particular, the Library of Celsus, the complex of frescoed terraced houses, and the Great Theater all point to the wealth and importance of Ephesus during the Roman period.

A sightseeing trip here will take at least half a day to cover the major highlights and longer, if you really want to explore, so make sure you plan your visit so you don't feel rushed.

• Read More: Visiting Ephesus: Attractions, Tips & Tours

Highlights: Take in panoramic views from a hot-air balloon, hike within valleys of volcanic rock, and marvel at cave-chapel Byzantine art

The surreal, swooping rock valleys of Cappadocia are every photographer's dream.

Cliff ridges and hill crests are home to rippling panoramas of wave-like rock or wacky-shaped pinnacles that have been formed by millennia of wind and water action.

And if you don't feel like hiking for the views, this is one of the world's top destinations to take a hot-air balloon ride .

Nestled in this unique lunar-like landscape are the frescoed rock-cut churches and cave-cut architecture of the Byzantine Era, when this area was home to monastic Christian communities.

In particular, the multiple cave-churches of Göreme Open-Air Museum and Ihlara Valley are home to some of the best examples of surviving mid-Byzantine-era religious art in the world.

Cappadocia's villages, half hewn into the hillsides, where travelers base themselves to explore the surrounding countryside, are also an attraction in themselves, with their boutique hotels that allow you to bed down in a cave with full contemporary comforts.

• Top-Rated Tourist Attractions in Cappadocia
• Top-Rated Things to Do in Turkey

Highlights: Soak up the Ottoman finery amid the salons of the sultans

Sumptuous beyond belief, Istanbul's Topkapı Palace takes you into the fantastical, opulent world of the Sultans.

It was from here, during the 15th and 16th centuries, that the sultans of the Ottoman era carved out an empire that would extend up into Europe and down through the Middle East and into Africa.

The interiors, with their decadently exuberant tiling and lavish jeweled decor, are an unforgettable peek into the Ottoman's power base.

In particular, don't miss the Imperial Council building, where the empire's business was conducted by the Grand Vizier; the arms collection displayed in the Imperial Treasury; the world-class collection of miniature paintings; and the dazzling Harem rooms, which were designed by the famed Ottoman architect Sinan.

The surrounding public gardens were once the sole domain of the Royal Court but are now open to the public and provide a tranquil, green respite from the city streets.

• Read More: Top-Rated Tourist Attractions in Istanbul

Highlights : Hike up the famed white terraces, swim in the antique pool, then take in the views from the top tier of the theater's cavea

One of Turkey's most famous natural wonders, the pure white travertine terraces of Pamukkale ("Cotton Castle" in English) cascade down the slope looking like an out-of-place snowfield amid the green landscape.

Although the travertines are themselves a highlight of a Turkey trip, the vast and rambling ruins of Greco-Roman Hierapolis, an ancient spa town, lie scattered across the summit of this calcite hill.

After exploring the ancient theater, with its views across the countryside, and the remnants of the city's agora, gymnasium, necropolis, and grand gates, you can swim in the mineral-rich waters which made this ancient spa town famous, in the antique pool.

Afterward, walk down the travertine hill, wading through the pools of water in the upper terraces, to the small modern village of Pamukkale below.

For the best photographs, come at dusk when the travertines glow as the sun sinks below the horizon.

• Read More: Top-Rated Tourist Attractions in Pamukkale

Highlights: Stroll the twisty lanes of the old town, sloth on the beach, or launch yourself out on history-filled trips amid the hilltop ruins of the hinterland

This bustling Mediterranean hub has something for everyone.

The two main beaches outside of town are sun-sloth heaven in summer and attract holidaymakers from across Europe. While the old town area, snug right in the center of town, with its cobblestone alleyways rimmed by creaky Ottoman-era mansions, is a wonderful place to explore.

The Antalya Museum is renowned as one of the country's best, with an astonishing collection of Hellenistic and Roman marble statuary, and there are bags of attractions outside of town for travelers who want to use Antalya as a base.

In particular, Antalya is an easy base for day trips to some of Turkey's most famous Greco-Roman ruins, including Aspendos and Perge, which are just outside the city, and the town of Side, with its glut of ruins.

• Read More: Top-Rated Tourist Attractions in Antalya

Highlight: Experience Turkey's dramatic coastline from the sea on a scenic slow-travel adventure

Turkey's Mediterranean coastline has ruins galore and many things to do, but for many people, it's all about soaking up the sun while enjoying the gorgeous coastal views.

Cruising on a yacht is the number one activity for visitors to Bodrum and Fethiye for good reason. The steep forest-clad slopes, hidden coves sporting tiny white-sand beaches, and hundreds of scattered islands are the perfect place for exploring by sea. Even diehard landlubbers will be impressed.

One of the most famous trips is known as the Blue Cruise and travels from Fethiye south down the coast until disembarking near Olympos , home to the famous natural phenomenon of the Chimaera.

• Read More: Top-Rated Tourist Attractions in Bodrum

Highlight: Hike up to the summit to see the sun rise over the mountaintop ruins

The top sightseeing drawcard for eastern Turkey, Mount Nemrut's summit funerary mound is scattered with the broken remnants of once mammoth statues, which guarded it.

This weird and lonely place has to be one of Turkey's most peculiar archaeological sites. The giant stone heads of long-forgotten gods stare out from the summit, casting an eerie atmosphere over the barren mountaintop.

The summit's building works are the work of Antiochus I, ruler of the Commagene Kingdom, which lay here in the buffer region between the Roman and Parthian empires.

Antiochus I dedicated this grand funerary mound to himself as a showcase of his importance, raising a 50-meter-high artificial peak on Mount Nemrut's summit and then decorating it with statues of himself and various gods.

The most popular time to visit is at sunrise, so you can watch the statues as they loom out of the dark.

• Read More: Exploring Mount Nemrut: A Visitor's Guide

Highlights: Turkey's tandem paragliding hub, resort living, and lazy beach life

Impossibly turquoise-blue water. Check. Lush green forest tumbling down a cliff to a white-sand beach. Check. The sheltered inlet of Ölüdeniz, just a short journey from Fethiye, is Turkey's most famous beach, and with scenery that might as well have fallen off a perfect postcard, it's easy to see why its popularity hasn't waned.

If the beach gets too crowded, it's time to take to the skies and experience the stunning aerial views on a tandem paragliding dive off the summit of mighty Babadağ (Mount Baba), which rises up behind the shore.

Oh, did we mention that Ölüdeniz is one of the world's top paragliding destinations? Check.

• Read More: Top-Rated Tourist Attractions in Fethiye

Highlight: Admire this monumental relic of Roman rule

Just south of the resort city of Antalya, the jaw-dropping mammoth bulk of the Roman Theater of Aspendos celebrates the pomp and ceremony of Marcus Aurelius' rule.

Considered the finest surviving example of a classical age theater still standing in the world, the highly restored, 15,000-seat theater is one of antiquity's star attractions.

Although the theater is the main reason for a visit here (and for most visitors on a half-day trip from nearby Antalya or Side, the theater is all they see) the Aspendos site offers plenty more ruins to explore.

There are remnants of an aqueduct, agora, stadium, and a Byzantine-era basilica, all scattered over the vast hillside area here surrounding the theater.

Read More: Aspendos: A Visitor's Guide

Highlights: Hike amid the Lycian ruins then relax on Turkey's longest beach

With such a long Mediterranean coastline, there's a beach for every type of sun worshipper in Turkey, but Patara is among its most famous swathes of sand.

Trailing for 18 kilometers along the shoreline, the beach offers plenty of space, so even in the height of summer, you can still find a quiet spot far away from the crowds.

Adding to the experience, just behind the sand, are the vast ruins of Ancient Patara , which include a colonnaded street, restored bouleuterion (the parliament of the city), and a theater that sat 5,000 people.

Once you've had your fill of sun, sand, and swimming, wander behind the sand dunes and explore the crumbling remnants of this once-prosperous Lycian city.

Patara is easily reached from both Kas and Fethiye.

• Read More: Top-Rated Attractions in Fethiye

Highlights: Panoramic vistas across the ruins and surrounding hills from the Acropolis and theater

Turkey has an abundance of Greco-Roman ruins, but none can be so romantically placed as ancient Pergamum in modern-day Bergama.

Once home to one of the ancient world's most important libraries (which rivaled Alexandria's library in prominence) and home to the famed medical school run by Galen, Pergamum's remaining temple remnants now preside dramatically across a hilltop.

It's an incredibly atmospheric place to explore. The Acropolis area with its theater cut into the hillside holds the most remains and offers sweeping panoramic views across the countryside.

Below, the Asklepion area is home to the ruins of the city's renowned medical center.

This is a great place to visit if you want to get a real feel for life in the Classical era.

• Read More: Top-Rated Tourist Attractions in Pergamum and the North Aegean

Highlight: An opulent interior with the Ottoman era's delicately detailed blue-and-white tiles

This famous mosque (officially called the Sultanahmet Mosque), facing the Hagia Sophia Mosque across Sultanahmet Park in Istanbul, is one of Turkey's most visited monuments.

Built by Sultan Ahmed I, the mosque was designed to mimic the Hagia Sophia by the architect Sedefkar Mehmet Ağa, a disciple of the Ottoman era's most renowned architect, Sinan.

With six slender minarets and a sprawling courtyard complex, everything about the Blue Mosque is on a grand scale but it's best known for its prayer hall interior covered in tens of thousands of blue Iznik tiles (for which the mosque gained its moniker), lit by shards of light from 260 windows.

Non-worshipping visitors are welcome to visit outside of prayer times. Everyone must have knees and shoulders covered, and females must wear a headscarf.

Highlight: Strolling amid the ruins of one of the Classical world's most famous mythical cities

One of Turkey's most well-known ancient ruins, this site is thought by many to be the Troy of Homer's Iliad .

Whether it is, or not, the Troy of the Trojan War myths, the multi-layered, rambling ruins here expose a vast history of occupation, abandonment, and reoccupation that stretches right back to the early Bronze Age.

The ruins include well-preserved city walls and fortifications, the remnants of a palace, megarons (Mycenean hall complexes) and houses, along with later Roman-era sanctuary and Odeon monuments.

Just down the road from the Troy site is the new Troy Museum , one of Turkey's best museums.

The vast and thoughtfully collated collection inside tells the tale of Troy, from its earliest occupation right through to the modern era, including the mythology that surrounds the site; the controversial and damaging excavations of early archaeological work here; and the story of the missing cache of gold, silver, and copper artifacts (known as Prium's Treasure) currently held at Moscow's Pushkin Museum, which were unearthed at the site and illegally smuggled out of Turkey by Heinrich Schliemann.

Read More: Visiting Troy from Istanbul

Highlight: Rambling this vast site of shattered churches set high on the steppe

The ruins of the powerful Silk Road city of Ani sit abandoned on the plains rubbing up against Turkey's modern border with Armenia.

Once capital of the Armenian Kingdom, Ani's golden age came to an end in the 14th century after Mongol raids, earthquake destruction, and trade route tussling all played their part in the city's decline.

The beautiful red-brick buildings still crumbling away amid the steppe grass have a mesmerizing effect on all who visit.

Don't miss the Church of the Redeemer and the Church of Saint Gregory, with their elaborate stone masonry and fresco remnants still visible; the bulky Ani Cathedral building; and the Manuçehr Mosque, built by the Seljuk Turks when they captured the city in the 11th century and thought to be the first mosque built in what would become Turkey.

Highlight: Idly wandering cobblestone streets amid the old town of wood-beamed mansions

Turkey's best-preserved Ottoman town is a fabulously photogenic place of skinny winding alleys crammed with finely restored wooden mansions which were once the home of wealthy merchants and now have been transformed into boutique hotels and restaurants.

There's little to actually do in town. Instead, this is a place to simply stroll the streets and admire the old-world atmosphere.

It's also known for its traditional sweets and crafts and there are plenty of cute shops where you can pick up a unique souvenir.

If you're road-tripping inland from Istanbul, this is a fantastic place to stop-off for the night and experience the historic ambience.

• Read More: Top-Rated Tourist Attractions in Safranbolu

Highlight: Take a scenic sightseeing trip on Istanbul's famed continent-dividing strait

One of the world's great waterways, the Bosphorus Strait separates Europe from Asia and connects the Black Sea with the Sea of Marmara (and hence, out to the Mediterranean).

Cruising along the Bosphorus, whether by hopping local ferries, on a tourist ferry cruise, or a private boat, is one of the great tourist attractions of an Istanbul stay. This is the most relaxing sightseeing opportunity in Istanbul.

Onboard, it's all about soaking up the scenery from the water, with the shorefront lined with Ottoman palaces; villas; and wooden mansions out to Rumeli Fortress, built by Mehmet the Conqueror; and (farther north along the strait), the Byzantine-era ramparts of Anadolu Fortress.

Highlight: A dazzling collection of Greco-Roman mosaic artistry

Due to the ongoing aid response in the aftermath of Turkey's February 2023 earthquake, the Gaziantep Zeugma Mosaic Museum has been temporarily closed. For information on reopening, check the official museum website .

The city of Gaziantep is one of southeastern Turkey's great highlights for a few days of guzzling Gaziantep's renowned baklava and strolling the alleys of its old city district, but its most famous attraction is the Gaziantep Zeugma Mosaic Museum.

The museum contains both one of the largest and most important mosaic collections in the world.

Nearly all the Hellenistic and Roman-era floor mosaics displayed here are originally from the Greco-Roman ruins of the town of Zeugma, which is now half-submerged due to the construction of the Bericik Dam. The mosaics, cleverly curated and displayed so that they can be viewed from their best angles, provide visitors with a sense of the artistry of the Greco-Roman era.

Despite the many huge mosaics here, the most famous mosaic in the collection, known as the Gypsy Girl , is one of the smallest pieces. It is displayed dramatically in its own darkened room, so that the intricate artistry of the piece can be better appreciated.

Read More: Top-Rated Attractions & Things to Do in Gaziantep

Highlight: Soaking up the atmosphere of standing amid the world's earliest religious monument

One of Turkey's most important ancient ruins, the hilltop site of Göbeklitepe , near Şanlıurfa, has generated hundreds of headlines worldwide, been anointed with UNESCO World Heritage status, (and provided the inspiration for the Netflix series The Gift ) since it was opened to the public.

This small site of towering T-shaped pillars, inscribed with animal figures and anthropomorphic details, dates from the pre-pottery Neolithic era and is thought by archaeologists to be the world's earliest religious sanctuary.

Although it may not have the wow-factor of Turkey's many, much later Bronze Age and Greco-Roman ancient sites, Göbeklitepe's importance in our understanding of early human history has made it one of the most popular tourist attractions in Turkey's southeast.

Read More: Top-Rated Attractions & Things to Do in Şanlıurfa

Highlight: Exploring this stunning Byzantine religious center that clings to the cliff-side

With its stunning, lonely setting, built into a cliff face, Sumela Monastery (Monastery of the Virgin Mary) is the star attraction for visitors along the Black Sea Coast.

Wandering around this abandoned religious complex, with its church interiors crammed with dazzling and vibrant frescoes, is a must for anyone who makes the long journey to Turkey's northeast region.

The monastery first opened during the Byzantine era and only ceased operation as a working religious center in 1923, when the monks were forced to leave as part of the Greek-Turkish Population Exchange.

Today, wandering its empty cells, it's easy to imagine the isolated lives of the monks who once lived here.

• Read More: Top-Rated Tourist Attractions on the Black Sea Coast

Overall, depending on what you plan to do, Turkey can be visited year-round, but for the most dependable weather, the best times to visit are the months of May, June, July, August, September, and October.

May, June, September, and October are the prime time for Turkey travels, with plenty of blue skies and sunshine and softer light for photography, but fewer crowds. Just remember to pack a warmer layer for after dark and a jacket in case of rain.

Spring wildflowers bloom across the countryside in May, while the displays of colorful fall foliage during October make these two months the best for keen photographers.

July and August are the most popular months to visit, with temperatures regularly peaking over 30 degrees Celsius and little chance of rain disrupting your plans. If you're here specifically for the beach and activities on the water, this is peak season.

More on Turkey

The Ultimate 7 to 10 Days in Turkey Itinerary

Published on December 21, 2023

by Brittany Scott-Gunfield

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A 7 to 10-day Turkey itinerary is an exciting prospect as it’s located in one of the most diverse geographical areas, with a beautiful Mediterranean coastline, green valleys, snowy mountains and sparse volcanic areas spread out within its borders.

So for your trip to Turkey, we’ll try to encompass as much of the landscape as possible, while taking you through its most renowned historic sites and cities and sampling its excellent array of local cuisine.

Table of Contents

How Many Days in Turkey?

In an area twice the size of Germany and a population of over 85 million people, Turkey is a huge country with a unique culture, blending cuisine and traditions from the Middle East and Greece, and boasting a long and intriguing history. From the Mediterranean coast to the Iranian border, Turkey has so much to offer tourists.

You can see a lot of the country in one go if you take a month-long road trip from Istanbul, down the west coast, across the centre and back via the green landscape of the Black Sea shore in the north.

But for a shorter trip, you can also stick to the west coast to see the remains of several Ancient Greek settlements and open-air museums as well as utilise the cool, clear Mediterranean Sea to cool off in the heat, by renting a car for your Turkey trip.

If you’ve only got 7 days in Turkey, you can still see a great amount of the major cities and beautiful Western coast, but it’s advisable to fly some distances such as Istanbul to Izmir to shorten your journey and make the most of the time you have.

If you’re more interested in city life and taking day trips from a city base, you can happily spend a few days in Istanbul, 2 days in Izmir and 2 days in Bodrum, Fethiye or Antalya to make up a short but diverse itinerary without having to rush around from place to place. You can also easily fly into each of these cities.

For those who would like to spend a bit longer exploring, then plan to spend at least 10 days. Though you’re still not going to be able to see everything, it will give you enough time to get a feel for Istanbul, spend some time along the beautiful coast and also enjoy the splendours to be found in the incredible Cappadocia region.

Getting To & Around Turkey

Istanbul is a huge transport hub, with two major airports, Istanbul IST and Istanbul Sabiha Gokcen SAW, where you can enter the country or transfer on to other cities. You can also arrive by bus from Eastern Europe easily in Istanbul to start your trip to Turkey if you’re on a longer trip.

For our Turkey itinerary, it’s best to rent a car to get from place to place, although if you don’t drive or don’t want to risk driving in a foreign country where the road rules can be slightly different, you can also easily get around by aeroplane and bus.

There are very few trains in Turkey so it’s best not to rely on these for transportation, but stick to coaches. Kamil Koc and Pamukkale are very reputable coach services taking you throughout Turkey, serving water and snacks on board for free. You can view schedules here.

Within cities like Istanbul, Izmir or Bodrum it’s best to use public transport, especially the metro and tram system, as they are much quicker than trying to travel on the roads.

Istanbul is three times the size of London, straddling two continents with approximately 15 million people living there, so you can always guarantee the city will be busy, and not worth trying to drive in – especially from one side of the Bosphorus to the other.

You can arrange your rental car in the city for the day you leave Istanbul for Izmir, so you don’t waste any more and can travel down at your own pace. You can browse options here.

You can expect police stops all over the country, whether you’re in your own car, a public bus or walking in the street, so keep your passport on you at all times to avoid any difficulty identifying yourself.

In some cases, the police will also check the date of the entry stamp in your passport to ensure you haven’t overstayed your 90-day visa-free travel in the country.

7 to 10-Day Turkey Itinerary

Following the Western coastline from Istanbul to Antalya before heading inland to Cappadocia, our itinerary will show you some of the country’s highlights and best-kept secrets.

Day 1 – Istanbul

Istanbul is a spectacular city and one with international prestige among tourists, so you’ll want to spend at least 2 days in Istanbul while you’re in Turkey to be able to see the main highlights and soak in the chaos of city life in one of the world’s largest metropolises.

The most famous attractions are located on the European side of the city, with many concentrated in the Fatih (meaning conqueror) district, so this is where you’ll want to spend most of your first day.

Visit the enormous and beautifully decorated Blue Mosque built in the 17th century by order of Sultan Ahmet who is laid to rest with his family in a mausoleum within the gardens. Then a short walk away is Istanbul’s most famous and one of its oldest attractions, the Hagia Sophia.

Now a mosque, you will have to dress appropriately to enter and avoid prayer times, but the visit remains awe-inspiring as you can gaze up to the layers of history adorning the high ceilings, where large gold medallions decorated with the names of Allah, Prophet Muhammed, four caliphs and two grandsons of Muhammed are hung in front of 6th century Roman mosaics depicting Mary and Jesus.

Then move a short distance again to discover the amazing Cistern Basilica with its Roman medusa heads under pillars in the ancient underground reservoir and the historic bazaar where you can enjoy a kebab or Turkish coffee as well as browse the small shops selling everything from spices to carpets and gold jewellery.

If you have time, the Topkapi Palace is also located in the Fatih district and showcases life in the Ottoman Empire with its exhibits. This visit can take a few hours so make sure you have enough time to cover everything you want to see.

Thanks to the excellent metro system, you can stay wherever is most cost-effective in Istanbul; the European side can be more expensive than the Asian side, but it depends on your tastes.

Because you only have a short time in Istanbul, it can be worth taking a walking tour to ensure you’re able to see all of the top highlights of the city. If you plan to enter several attractions, then consider  getting a Museum Pass.

Where to Stay in Istanbul

Kupeli Hotel – This 3-star hotel is situated in the central Fatih district within easy reach of sites such as the Grand Bazaar, Blue Mosque and Hagia Sophia. They have plenty of rooms and a very good breakfast.

Cronton Design Hotel – Also situated in the Fatih neighbourhood, this luxe hotel has several plush rooms, an inviting spa to relax in and a wonderful breakfast to enjoy each morning.

MySuite Istanbul Cihangir – Located in the cool and central Cihangir neighbourhood, these apartments are perfect for those after a self-catering option. There are plenty on offer and there is A/C in all of them.

Cheers Hostel – This hostel is great for backpackers and budget travellers. Located within a stone’s throw of attractions like the Blue Mosque, there are plenty of room types, social events and good common areas.

Not quite what you’re looking for? Click here to browse more Istanbul hotels!

Day 2 – Istanbul

With still plenty to cover in Istanbul, your second day in the former capital of the Ottoman Empire should take you further around the city.

Still on the European side, you should visit the famous Galata Tower where the first unpowered flight took place from the tower across the Bosphorus and enjoy the wonderful views over the rooftops to the sea.

Then move along the coastline to the exquisite Dolmabahçe Palace, designed in the style of Western European palaces such as Versailles and later serving as First President of the Republic Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’s residence.

Crossing the Bosphorus in a small public ferry, you’ll get great views over the two sides of the city and usually a taste of more modern Turkish music thanks to a resident busker.

In Kadikoy, you’ll also see the more modern side of the city, with trendy cafes, bars and restaurants dotted around, frequented by the younger population. This is a great area of the city to stay in and enjoy some great traditional meals with a modern twist and a few Efes beers.

Day 3 – Izmir

Flying or driving down to Izmir for the 3rd day of your Turkish adventure, there’s plenty of history and culture waiting for you. If you choose to drive, plan to get as early a start as possible as it can take about 5 hours.

Once in Izmir, visit the centre of the city, Konak Square, with its iconic clock tower, before heading into Kemeralti, Izmir’s historic bazaar to browse the local products and enjoy a great kebab.

Besides the bazaar is the ancient site of Agora, which was previously the economic centre of Ancient Izmir known as Smyrna.

If you enjoy discovering the country’s history, head on to the Alsancak Tekel Factory which has been turned into the Archaeology and Art Museum of the city, located in the great neighbourhood of Alsancak.

In the museum, you can discover many ancient treasures that have been uncovered in the region, from Foca in the north to Ephesus in the south, making it a perfect introduction to what you can expect to find the following day in Ephesus.

Alsancak is also a great neighbourhood to stay in, with plenty of great places to eat from pizza to sushi, and many bars and pubs as well.

The public transport in Izmir is great, but for one day in the city it’s beneficial to stay more centrally. However, you can expect a lot of noise overnight, from the early morning calls to prayer to the bin collectors and people drinking in the nearby bars. 

Where to Stay in Izmir

Zeniva Hotel – Situated in the centre of Izmir close to Cumhuriyet Square, this hotel is perfect for mid-range visitors. They have an array of cool and modern rooms and a fab breakfast available daily.

Key Hotel – Those looking for a bit of luxury will love this intimate seaside hotel in a central area of Izmir. They have a great view of the sea, a wonderful restaurant and a delicious breakfast each morning.

Lotus Garden Hostel – Great for backpackers or for those looking to experience a great social atmosphere, this hostel has both dorms and private rooms and great common areas.

Not quite what you’re looking for? Click here to browse more Izmir hotels!

Day 4 – Ephesus

Just an hour driving south from Izmir you’ll get to the incredible historic site that is the Ancient City of Ephesus. You can stay in nearby Sirince or Selcuk where you can also go wine tasting, or stay in Izmir and join an organised tour to Ephesus for a day trip.

This major archaeological site is still being uncovered, although what has already been discovered will surely impress you and it is a fascinating place to visit.

You can spend a whole day wandering amongst the ancient pillars and friezes, dating back to the 10th century BCE when the Greeks founded the city, and others from the Romans’ take over in the 2nd century CE.

Discover the fantastic 24,000-seater amphitheatre and the ornate facade of the Library of Celsus which was rebuilt in the 1970s.

If you have time you can also head to the nearby museum dedicated to the site, with many more artefacts and information explaining their significance. However long you have, a month or just 7 days when you visit Turkey, you can’t miss out on a trip to Ephesus.

Day 5 – Bodrum

A couple of hours further south or 3 and a half hours on the coach from Izmir, is the sweet seaside town of Bodrum . With its long coastline full of restaurants and bars, and shining white stone streets with shops open until the early hours of the morning, this is a lively summer town and a great place for daytime relaxation and nighttime action.

Although the overall atmosphere is of sunbathing, drinking cocktails and cooling off in the clear water, you can also discover the ancient history of Bodrum, from the amphitheatre and ruins of the mausoleum of Mausolus (a structure once so impressive it gave above-ground tombs their name) to Bodrum castle built by the Order of the Knights of Saint John.

Bodrum Castle uses many historic pieces of rubble from the ancient mausoleum and juts out from the coastline giving visitors amazing views over Bodrum marina and beach. It also houses the underwater archaeology museum, so there’s plenty to discover within the castle walls before heading off into the town for some sun, sea and sweet and savoury delights.

As a popular destination for tourists and cruise ships, you’ll find plenty of hotels and B&Bs across the town for all budgets.

Where to Stay in Bodrum

Hotel Centro Bodrum – This lovely hotel is a great mid-range option in Bodrum. They have a range of gorgeous rooms along with a fantastic swimming pool, on-site restaurant and daily breakfast.

Casa Nonna Bodrum – The perfect hotel for a romantic escape, this adults-only hotel has an excellent location in Bodrum. Situated on the beach, they have a spa and numerous restaurants along with lovely rooms to choose from.

La Luna Hostel – This hostel is great for those visiting on a budget or are after a great social atmosphere. They have lots of dorms and good common areas and self-catering facilities.

Not quite what you’re looking for? Click here to browse other options in Bodrum!

Day 6 – Day Trip to Kos

Staying in Bodrum, you should also make the most of the incredible coastline as well as your proximity to one of the most popular of the Dodecanese Islands. It may seem unusual or even sacrilegious to include a day trip to Greece in an itinerary for Turkey, however, the two countries share a great deal of culture and history.

A ferry ( can be booked here ) can take you out to the island of Kos in around one hour, making it perfect for a day trip, as you see the fortress in the harbour, built by the same Knights Hospitaller as Bodrum Castle, and the 2,500-year-old Plane Tree of Hippocrates.

Walk around the marina or take a little train or taxi to the other ancient Greek sites located on the island such as the 3rd century BCE medical centre, the Asklepieion.

Kos has plenty to see in a day, and some wonderful restaurants to enjoy as you look over the azure sea back to Turkey.

Day 7 – Kabak

For the end of 1 week in Turkey, you’ll want to set off early to reach the beautiful area of Kabak or the city of Fethiye.

Just north of Fethiye is Dalaman Airport, the main airport for the region, so if you’ve just got 7 days in Turkey, this is a great place to finish and take your flight back home or back up to Istanbul to transfer on further afield.

If you’re lucky enough to spend more time in Turkey, this is a beautiful location for either sunbathing or getting adventurous while en route to Antalya.

Kabak is located in a famous valley with a beautiful seafront; you can stay in one of the many hotels located in the area, each with fantastic views over the sea to the front and the green mountainsides behind.

Spend your day hiking through the valley to reach the pretty waterfall or swim around the coast to the cave. The trails are well marked and your hotel staff give you basic directions. If you do want to hike, the middle of summer may not be the best time to visit this area due to the intense heat.

Or, head to the nearby small town of Ölüdeniz where you can go paragliding for a very reasonable fee, or enjoy the long beaches while watching the paragliders land all around. There’s also a small inlet with shallow water, perfect for families with young children.

If you’re spending 10 days, continue for another few hours driving and plan to spend a couple of nights in Antalya.

Where to Stay in Antalya

Mai İnci Hotel – Located just 800 metres from the beach, this is an excellent mid-range option in Antalya. There is free parking, 2 on-site restaurants, a spa and wellness centre and much more.

Hotel Lykia – This luxe hotel located in the old town of Antalya is another perfect place to make as your base. They have plenty of classic rooms, a lovely swimming pool and countless other amenities available to guests.

City Moonlight Aparthotel – A great option for those after a self-catering accommodation. They have a range of flats to choose from and a great location for exploring Antalya.

Hostel Vague – This hostel is a good budget option for backpackers visiting Turkey. They have a great location in Antalya and lots of room and bed choices available.

Not quite what you’re looking for? Click here to browse more Antalya hotels!

Day 8 – Antalya

Further south along the coast is the popular destination of Antalya. With its incredible coastline, historic communities dotted around the area, archaeology museums and sand sculpture open-air museum, there’s loads to see and do in a day in Antalya.

Lounge on the beaches, take a day trip out to the cable car in Kemer for fantastic views over the forests and coast or hike into the canyon, you won’t be short of activities in Antalya, whatever your interests.

Antalya is also the start (or end) point of the famous Lycian Way, a 520-mile trail connecting 18 ancient sites along the coast to Ölüdeniz, so a great day out would be to hike along part of the trail.

There are some fantastic hotels and villas in the area surrounding Antalya as well as in the city centre, so you can choose according to your tastes and budget.

Antalya is a walkable city and you can visit the beautiful old town, Kaleiçi, Hadrian’s Gate, the modern centre and the coastal fortress wall easily on foot if you’re staying centrally.

You can also take organised tours to see some of the epic Roman amphitheatres and ruins along the Lycian Way if you don’t have your own transport or enough time for hiking in your Turkey itinerary.

Day 9 – Cappadocia

Quickly becoming one of the most popular tourist attractions in Turkey is the historic site and national park in the region of Cappadocia. In central Turkey, you’ll either need to spend 6 hours on the road or a couple of hours on a plane from Antalya via Istanbul to Nevşehir Kapadokya Airport.

Since it may take a while to reach if you’re on a Turkey road trip and there’s so much to see, you should definitely spend 2 to 3 days in Cappadocia if possible.

For your first full day, you’ve got to visit Göreme National Park. Wander around the open-air museum, seeing the caves built into the strange volcanic sculpture-like rock formations and visiting the chapels built by the post-iconoclastic former inhabitants, feasting your eyes on the colourful seccos adorning the walls and ceilings for the last 800 – 900 years.

There are many great hikes in this area so feel free to take off and discover the rock formations as a small group, or join a guided tour(such as  a green tour  or  red tour ) to learn about the history of the troglodyte communities that created the communities and why they were forced to do so.

You can stay nearby in the town of Nevşehir to easily get around the region by bus or private taxi if you don’t have a car.

Where to Stay in Cappadocia

Aysel Inn House – This guesthouse in Avcilar is a great base for exploring Cappadocia. They have breakfast, free parking and even provide bikes for guests who want them.

Divan Cave House – Located in Göreme, this hotel is perfect for those who want to stay in a fairy chimney while in Cappadocia. They have several classicly-decorated rooms and a great daily breakfast.

Diadem Cappadocia – Another cosy budget option in Göreme, they have great double rooms along with some dorm rooms to suit all kinds of guests.

Not quite what you’re looking for? Click here to browse more Cappadocia hotels!

Day 10 – Cappadocia

To put the cherry on the cake, or the final sprinkle of pistachio on the baklava, of your 10 days in Turkey, you have to finish it off with a magical hot air balloon ride over Cappadocia.

Taking off at sunset, these trips take a couple of hours and show you how vast the volcanic region is and how incredible it looks as the sun rises, before settling back down and providing you with a traditional Turkish breakfast and often a glass of champagne too.

You can either  choose a group trip or splash the cash for  a private trip  you’re looking for a romantic trip.

If the winds are not in your favour and you’re not able to take flight, there’s a fantastic alternative; the Derinkuyu Underground City. 85 metres underground is the almost 3,000-year-old dwelling that can hold up to 20,000 people, with small rooms dotted around, joined by steep staircases.

The underground city is even more impressive with its air circulation system, its plumbing and its own chapel. If you have enough time on your final day in Turkey, check out this fantastic place before catching your flight back to Istanbul.

Have More Time?

If you’ve got more than 1 week in Turkey, there are plenty of other historical sites and beautiful parts of the country to discover. From Cappadocia, you can continue driving for 7 hours to the amazing site of Göbekli Tepe. You can also fly via Istanbul within 5 hours, but this is a great stop on a Turkey road trip.

This ancient site is still being uncovered, but from the statues and engravings of animals and people found so far, it’s possibly the oldest civilisation in the world, showing how prehistoric communities were farming animals and crops even over 11,000 years ago.

If you want to have a round trip from Istanbul, you should also come back via the northern Black Sea coast. This area is much greener than other parts of the country thanks to the sea and surrounding rivers and is a great place to go hiking and camping. Or, continue northeast to Erzurum or Sarıkamış for a ski trip!

Turkey is a huge country with a diverse range of attractions and activities, so it’s impossible to see everything in Turkey in 10 days. But taking a week-long road trip along the west coast or flying from Istanbul to Izmir, to Antalya and Cappadocia, are great ways of discovering the best of the beautiful country.

Are you planning to visit Turkey? Have any questions about this itinerary? Let us know in the comments!

Related Posts:

The Ultimate 2 to 3 Days in Bodrum Itinerary

Izmir or Bodrum: Which Turkish City to Visit?

The Perfect 1, 2 or 3 Days in Izmir Itinerary

About Brittany Scott-Gunfield

Brittany is a writer for The World Was Here First. Originally from Colchester, England, she is slowly but surely travelling the world as a digital nomad. She loves to hike around different landscapes and has a deep love for travelling around France (and elsewhere in Europe).

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Home > 53 Top Destinations In Turkey: Best Places To Visit In Turkey For All

53 Top Destinations In Turkey: Best Places To Visit In Turkey For All

Written by our local expert Nicky

Nicky, originally from the UK, is now a local in Turkey. She moved to Marmaris, Türkiye for love 12 years ago and is now your Turkey travel planner.

Here is your complete guide to all the best places to visit in Turkey, which I have discovered as a local.

This guide has beautiful places in Turkey, from ancient sites, palaces, rock formations, beautiful beaches, hot air ballooning, scenic views, underground cities, amusement parks, and all the most famous places with countless historical landmarks and a seaside town (or 10) for every kind of traveler.

Best Places In Turkey To Visit For Every Kind Of Traveler

• Beach Resorts

Top Places To Visit In Turkey If You Want To Shop

Places to visit in turkey if you want to party, places to visit in turkey if you want to eat, places to visit in turkey if you want nature.

• Saklikent National Park Antalya
• Koprulu National Park
• Butterfly Valley
• İztuzu Beach
• Mount Ararat

Places To Visit In Turkey If You Want History And Archeological Sites

• City Of Safranbolu
• Mount Nemrut
• Göbekli Tepe

Places To Visit In Turkey If You Want Authentic Culture

• Any village

Places To Visit In Turkey If You Want To Go Off The Beaten Track

• Northern And Central Turkey
• Black Sea Coast
• Gelemis 
• The Lycian Way

Places To Visit In Turkey If You Like The Cold

• Uludağ Ski Resort

Places To Visit In Turkey If You Want To Sunbathe

• South Coast
• The Blue Lagoon

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Find The Best Places To Visit On The Map

There are so many things to do in Turkey, from the lush greenery stretching from Fethiye to the Anatolia region to the ancient churches and underground cities waiting to be discovered.

Where Are The Best Places To See

You’re wrong if you think that Turkey is all beaches and Istanbul! Turkey is a vast country packed with major cities, towns, villages, beach resorts, and the list goes on.

That means there is something for everyone – and I’ll show you my favorites. My guide offers all the best places in Turkey to visit for history, food, nature, partying, and more.

Sure, not every destination will suit you, but I aim to provide a list so you know what you want to do and experience; then, you can find the ideal place that will suit you best.

If you want to know the best cities to visit in Turkey, jump ahead here .

For instance, if you want to enjoy the nightlife, it’s not a good idea to head somewhere like Adana, Aydin, Trabzon, or Rize. However, my husband and I always find fantastic opportunities to party the night away in Istanbul, Izmir, the province of Antalya, and any beach resort south on the Mediterranean coast .

If you want to enjoy history, you’re probably not going to find what you’re looking for that much in Marmaris (well, we have never). Still, in Istanbul, the largest city in Turkey, you’ll have more history than you can possibly absorb into your brain! With Hagia Sophia, Topkapi Palace, the Bosphorus Strait, and dozens of Turkish baths , to name a few.

It comes down to what you want and then figuring out where you want to go.

Let me give you some ideas on where to go in Turkey…

We’ve got the low down on the best places to visit in Turkey to shop!

1. Istanbul And Izmir

You can find everything in Istanbul —in fact. Taksim is the ideal spot for high-street stores, but there are also huge malls across the city, such as Cevahir and the Mall of Istanbul .

Izmir is also a great shopping spot , with several other malls and plenty of your international names. If you want traditional souvenirs , you’ll find these in most places, but you can’t beat Istanbul’s Grand Bazaar for choice and experience!

• Guide To Istanbul
• Guide To Izmir

We’ve compiled a list of the best places in Turkey to party.

2. Istanbul – Izmir – Antalya – Beach Resorts

Most people are surprised when they see the amount of nightlife in Turkey . Sure, it’s not everywhere you look, and some of the smaller cities and towns still tend to be more traditional in terms of beer houses, mainly for men, etc., but you’ll find many International and modern bars, too.

Taksim and Besiktas in Istanbul are ideal for party fans , but Izmir and the Antalya Province will tick your boxes, too. Taksim is home to some seriously loud nightclubs if that’s what you’re after!

Alternatively, the beach resorts on the Mediterranean Sea , such as Marmaris , Gumbet, Bodrum, and Alanya, also have plenty of bars and nightclubs.

• Istanbul Nightlife
• Where To Stay In Izmir
• Best Beach Towns On The Turkish Coast

If you like to eat, here are the best places to visit in Turkey .

Adana is a beautiful city of contrasts, where ancient traditions meet modernity. Enjoy a relaxing boat ride along the Seyhan River and visit the Grand Mosque’s striking architecture. Don’t forget to savor Adana kebabs , renowned for their delicious blend of flavors.

• Guide To A Turkish Breakfast
• What To Eat In Turkey
• How To Tip In Turkey

4. Istanbul

There is nothing you won’t find here, including traditional Turkish food. Turkish food all over the country is delightful , and if you can head to a small village, be sure to try the homemade fare there.

You need to chow down in Istanbul and not miss trying the street food , as it’s not only cheap but also super filling.

• Lesser Known Istanbul Street Food
• Best Rooftop Restaurants & Bars In Istanbul
• Where To Eat In Istanbul

Nature lovers, take note; here are the places in Turkey to head to to get your dose of lush greenery.

5. Saklikent National Park Antalya Or Cappadocia

One of the most iconic travel photos worldwide is one of a hot air balloon ride over Cappadocia , which is a true must-visit. The unique landscape around here is something to behold, and the so-called ‘fairy chimneys’ formed by years of rock erosion are genuinely magnificent. You can even stay in a traditional cave hotel!

Alternatively, or possibly also, head to Antalya’s Saklikent National Park. You can go canyoning, rock climbing, or sailing down the river, but whatever you choose to do, it’s genuinely breathtaking.

• Cappadocia Hot Air Balloon Guide
• The Best Cappadocia Tours
• Where To Stay In Cappadocia
• Nearest Airport To Cappadocia

6. Koprulu National Park

Nature enthusiasts will find paradise in Koprulu National Park. Raft down the Köprüçay River through stunning canyons or go hiking amidst pine forests. The park’s natural beauty and outdoor activities make it an excellent destination for adventure seekers.

7. Pamukkale

Its name means “cotton castle” in Turkish; Pamukkale is one of Turkey’s best tourist attractions that everyone will love, from kids to the most well-traveled people.

Whether you’re into nature or not, you’ll undoubtedly be impressed by the extraordinary features of this vast thermal spring. This natural UNESCO World Heritage Site is in inland southeastern Turkey but is a great day trip for major coastal cities.

Millennia of endless water flow and mineral deposits have created a stunning collection of travertine terraces, pure water, and snow-white limestone shimmering in the Turkish sun. Since antiquity, people have visited these hot springs and pools when it was the location of the Roman city of Hierapolis (Holy City).

Pamukkale is easily one of the best places to go in Turkey for a day trip from the coastal resorts. Although the terraces and pools are off-limits to visitors nowadays, you can still see them up close on footpaths. The on-site Roman ruins and museums are worth visiting , too.

• Guide To Pamukkale
• Best Thermal Hotels In Pamukkale
• How To Get From Pamukkale To Cappadocia

Nestled on Turkey’s southwestern coast, Akyaka is a hidden gem that beckons travelers with its serene charm. This picturesque town is a paradise for nature enthusiasts and water sports lovers.

The crystalline waters of the Azmak River wind their way through Akyaka, offering opportunities for kayaking and paddleboarding. Stroll along the charming boardwalk and indulge in fresh seafood at waterfront restaurants. Akyaka’s unique architecture, with its traditional Mugla houses , adds to the town’s allure.

For a perfect day in Akyaka, explore the surrounding pine forests and soak in the natural beauty of this coastal paradise.

• Why You Need To Visit Akyaka

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Places to visit in turkey if you want history.

So, where are the best places to visit in Turkey to learn about history?

9. Istanbul

Turkey is packed with history; if you want to study natural history, you should head to the southeastern region. While traveling there isn’t forbidden by any means and is relatively safe provided you’re careful , certain restrictions and places are not ideal.

Many governments warn their citizens not to go to the border area with Syria, for example. This is quite a shame because Mardin, which isn’t too far from the Syrian border, is one of Turkey’s oldest and most historic sites .

Despite that, Istanbul is the best place to go in Turkey for history, hands down, if not the entire world. There are more historical places to see in Turkey than you will ever have time to visit on one vacation!

• The Istanbul Museum Pass – Save Time & Money
• Whirling Dervishes In Istanbul
• 17 Amazing Mosques In Istanbul Not To Miss
• Best Museums In Istanbul

10. Çannakale

Çannakale, located on the shores of the Dardanelles, offers a gateway to ancient Troy and the historic Gallipoli Peninsula. History buffs will be enthralled by the remnants of the ancient city of Troy, where the famous Trojan War unfolded. The Gallipoli Battlefields, a poignant reminder of World War I, is a solemn but essential stop for those interested in history.

Çannakale’s waterfront promenade provides breathtaking views of the strait, and the city’s warm hospitality ensures a memorable stay. Experience the intersection of history and natural beauty in Çannakale.

11. Ancient City Of Ephesus

Located near the present-day town of Selçuk on Turkey’s southeast coast , Ephesus is one of the world’s most magnificent ancient ruins and is one of the top places to go in Turkey for ruins.

This ancient Greek city dates back to the 10th century BC, after which it grew to become one of the twelve cities of the Ionian League in Classical Greece . The Roman Empire conquered this stunning city in the 2 nd century BC.

Now, the ruins of this ancient city are a UNESCO World Heritage Site ; Ephesus is easily one of the best sites in Turkey to visit ancient architecture and history. It was home to the fabled Temple of Artemis, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

Simultaneously, other iconic buildings include the imposing Library of Celsus, the Gate of Augustus, and the Tomb of John of the Apostle. If you only have time to visit one historic site in Turkey, this should be it.

• What To See & Do In Ephesus
• Tours From Istanbul To Ephesus
• Getting From Izmir To Ephesus

12. Aspendos

Another spectacular Turkish site dating from antiquity is Aspendos. This ancient Greco-Roman city is near Antalya on the southern coast of Turkey. There’s plenty of history to discover and learn about here, making it one of the best places in Turkey for history buffs to visit. The absolute star main attraction, however, is the massive Aspendos Theater.

One of the best-preserved theaters from antiquity, the Aspendos Theater, dating from the 2 nd century AD, once seated no fewer than 12,000 spectators. It is exceptional for its superb acoustics and impressive architectural design. The Theater of Aspendos is even more remarkable because it’s still in use today—it hosts the annual Aspendos International Opera and Ballet Festival.

13. City Of Safranbolu

Another one of the many beautiful places in Turkey , the old City of Safranbolu, was an essential stop on the main east-west trade route between Europe and Asia in the 13th century. UNESCO designated it a World Heritage Site for its significance to historic trade and its well-preserved buildings.

The Çarşı District is home to beautiful Ottoman Empire architecture, including hundreds of red-roofed traditional houses that line cobblestone streets. Other top attractions in Safranbolu include the 17th-century caravansary of Cinci Han and the restored Tarihi Cinci Hamam bathhouse.

• Day Trips Ideas From Istanbul

14. Mount Nemrut

By now, you’ve probably noticed that several of the best places to visit in Turkey are historical or cultural sites. And here we have yet another historic UNESCO World Heritage Site in Turkey. Mount Nemrut is no different.

Also known as Nemrut Dağ, Mount Nemrut is situated in southeastern Turkey and is one of the tallest mountains east of the Taurus mountain range.

This striking mountain is topped with several ruins, buildings, and famous statues. It is assumed to be the mausoleum of Antiochus, the former late-Hellenistic king of Commagene, which originated after Alexander’s empire fell. Seeing the temple tomb’s colossal statues and sculpted slabs is an experience that makes the trip out there more than worth it.

• Top Landmarks In Turkey
• Should You Visit Southeastern Turkey

So, where are the best places to visit in Turkey to experience culture?

15. Trabzon

If you’re looking for a breathtaking Turkish city to add to your travel list, look no further than Trabzon. This Black Sea gem in northeast Turkey is known for its stunning natural scenery , rich history, and delicious cuisine.

One of the must-see sights in Trabzon is the Sumela Monastery. Nature lovers will also enjoy exploring the Uzungol Plateau , hiking through the Altindere Valley National Park, and relaxing at one of the many scenic beaches.

No visit to Trabzon would be complete without sampling some of the local dishes like hamsi (anchovies), karadeniz pidesi (black sea bread), and kuyu kebabi (lamb cooked underground).

So, if you’re looking for a city with everything – from beautiful landscapes to tasty food – make sure to put Trabzon, Turkey, on your radar !

• Guide To Trabzon

16. Sanliurfa

Sanliurfa, often called the “City of Prophets,” is a unique place of historical and spiritual significance. According to local legend, it is the birthplace of the biblical prophet Abraham. Visit the vibrant bazaars of Sanliurfa, where you can shop for colorful textiles, spices, and handicrafts.

The city’s stunning Balikligol (Pool of Sacred Fish) is a serene oasis surrounded by gardens and historical sites. Witness the mesmerizing dance of the sacred fish, which is said to bring good luck. As you explore Sanliurfa, you’ll be immersed in a city where legends from ancient times and modern life coexist harmoniously.

17. Diyarbakir

Diyarbakir, located in southeastern Turkey, is a city of ancient walls and rich traditions. The city’s iconic black basalt walls, dating back to Roman times, encircle the old town and stand as a symbol of its resilience through centuries.

Explore the bustling, narrow streets of Diyarbakir, where you can savor traditional Kurdish cuisine. Don’t miss the chance to taste the delectable mutton dishes and baklava. The city’s Grand Mosque and the Hevsel Gardens along the Tigris River are must-visit attractions. Diyarbakir’s cultural heritage and warm hospitality make it a popular place for those seeking authenticity.

Konya is a city in Turkey that is full of history and culture. There are many fun things to see and do in Konya, making it a great place to visit. Some top sights include the Mevlana Museum, the Alaeddin Mosque, and the Selimiye Mosque.

There are also plenty of outstanding restaurants and shops to explore. If you’re looking for a city full of character and culture, Konya is definitely worth a visit .

• How To Get From Istanbul To Konya

Mardin, perched on a hilltop in southeastern Turkey , is a captivating blend of history and culture. The city’s ancient stone buildings, adorned with intricate carvings, transport you back in time.

Explore the narrow alleyways of the old town, where the scent of spices fills the air from bustling bazaars. The iconic Mardin Houses , made of local beige stone, offer a glimpse into the region’s architectural heritage. Don’t miss the chance to savor traditional Mardin cuisine, which combines flavors from Arabic and Turkish influences. As you wander through Mardin, you’ll discover a city where history and tradition harmoniously coexist.

20. Any Village

Many tour operators will take you to local villages and show you the local way of life . If you visit cities and towns , you’ll surely see some of them, but they’re usually touched by modern life and have changed a little. You must visit a local village to see how people live off the land, focus all their time and energy on family, and value communities. The food is also excellent!

Turkish people, by nature, are very welcoming, and hospitality is high on their list. If you meet a local family and they invite you to their home, you’re more than blessed in terms of the culinary delights that will come your way, too!

The good news is that many villages are close to the main tourist resorts on the south coast of the Turkish Riviera, so you can visit them if you hire a car.

Get off the beaten track and visit one of these options, which are among Turkey’s best places to visit.

21. Northern And Central Turkey

Turkey is a safe country, and provided you listen to advice, e.g., the advice we gave before about not going close to the Syrian border; you’re more than fine. This is a huge country, and it’s exceptionally welcoming. Thanks to a very high-quality long-distance bus network, traveling around Turkey is straightforward, meaning you can go from place to place relatively cheaply.

If you want to leave the main tourist resorts and cities, head to the Black Sea Coast , with destinations in Turkey such as Rize and Trabzon. Do be aware that during the winter , however, this part of Turkey sees heavy snowfall, but it’s beautiful to see! Central Turkey is also a delight, and this is where the capital city of Ankara is situated.

• Guide To The Black Sea Coast
• Surfing The Black Sea

22. Gaziantep

Gaziantep, often called the “City of Gastronomy,” is a culinary haven in southeastern Turkey. Renowned for its delectable dishes and rich culinary heritage, Gaziantep offers a feast for the senses. Sample the world-famous Baklava, prepared with layers of thin pastry, pistachios, and honey, at local bakeries.

Explore the Gaziantep Castle and the Zeugma Mosaic Museum, which houses remarkable ancient mosaics. The bustling markets of Gaziantep are perfect for indulging in traditional sweets and savory delights. With its culinary delights and historical sites, Gaziantep promises a delightful journey for foodies.

Edirne, a city steeped in history, is a treasure trove of architectural marvels and cultural richness. Known for its stunning Selimiye Mosque, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Edirne’s skyline is dominated by its magnificent dome and minarets.

The city’s annual Kirkpinar Oil Wrestling Festival is a testament to its cultural heritage, attracting participants and spectators from all over the world. Edirne’s Ottoman-style bridges, including the Meric River Bridge, offer captivating views and a glimpse into the past. Sample Edirne’s famous liver and meatball dishes at local eateries and immerse yourself in the grandeur of this historic city.

We’ve got the tourist spots in Turkey that are still fun while cold.

Do you think the best places to visit in Turkey are reserved only for the summer months?

Wintertime in Turkey can be magical, a great opportunity to relax, recharge your batteries, and see the traditional way of life. Of course, you can still embrace plenty of hectic action in the large cities, especially Istanbul .

• Christmas In Turkey
• Best Things To Do In Istanbul In Winter
• Istanbul In January
• Why You Should Visit Turkey In Winter

24. Cappadocia

Did you know that Cappadocia Is open all year round?

This beautiful fairy chimney landscape in Central Turkey is iconic for the hot air balloons flying high at sunrise every day. You might not know that Cappadocia isn’t close, so you can still head there and enjoy the beautiful scenery even when the weather is freezing and the snow is falling.

While hot air balloons are subject to cancellation at any time of year, depending upon weather conditions, it’s more likely to happen during the winter months. Don’t let that stop you, however, as there are many days when flights take off exactly as scheduled!

Even if you can’t get on the balloon, there are many things you can do around Cappadocia, with walking trails, cuisine, museums, archaeological sites , and, of course, the chance to stay in a cave museum!

Winter in Turkey is undoubtedly something you should do. While you might not be able to jump into the sea and get a suntan, you’ll experience something far more valuable – authenticity!

• How To Enjoy Cappadocia In Winter

Places To Visit In Turkey For All

Turkey’s capital city, Ankara , is a modern metropolis with a rich history. Explore the awe-inspiring Atatürk Mausoleum and the ancient Roman Temple of Augustus. The city’s museums, vibrant nightlife, and diverse culinary scene offer a glimpse into contemporary Turkish life.

• Epic Things To Do In Ankara
• Istanbul To Ankara Train Guide
• Istanbul Vs. Ankara – Which To Visit

Top Destinations If You Want To Sunbathe

If you want to know where to go in Turkey for the sun, we’ve got you covered (in 50+).

26. South Coast

Finally, if you want to kick back and relax, get a tan, and enjoy the summer temperatures (although, be warned, they’re hot), you should definitely head south and visit one of the many tourist resorts on the south coast.

• Things To Do In Kas On Turkey’s Southern Coast

27. Side Antik Kenti

Side Antik Kenti is a seaside archaeological wonder that transports you to the ancient world. Stroll through the well-preserved ruins of temples, theaters, and baths overlooking the Mediterranean Sea. It’s a perfect blend of history, sun, and sea.

Belek is a coastal paradise known for its luxurious resorts and pristine beaches. It’s a golfer’s dream destination with world-class golf courses. Relax by the turquoise waters, take a dip in the Mediterranean, or explore the nearby ancient ruins.

Lapped by the Mediterranean and Aegean Coast, you can also choose between some of the most beautiful places in Turkey.

• Guide To The Turkish Riviera

29. Kusadasi

Nestled along the stunning Aegean Sea, Kusadasi is a traveler’s paradise . With its crystal-clear waters, Kusadasi offers some of the most breathtaking beaches in Turkey . Beyond the shore, you’ll discover the ancient ruins of Ephesus, where history comes to life. Stroll through the bustling bazaars, savor the local cuisine, and soak in the vibrant atmosphere of this coastal gem.

Bodrum is a coastal town that effortlessly combines history, culture, and natural beauty. The Bodrum Castle, overlooking the marina, is a must-visit for history enthusiasts. Relax on the pristine beaches during the day, and as the sun sets, immerse yourself in Bodrum’s vibrant nightlife, filled with bars, clubs, and restaurants.

• Where To Stay In Bodrum
• Ferry Day Trip From Kos To Bodrum
• Best Beach Resorts In Bodrum
• Bodrum Beach Guide

If you’re seeking a lively beach destination, Gumbet is the place to be. Known for its energetic atmosphere, Gumbet offers many water sports, beach parties, and vibrant nightlife. During the day, you can explore nearby Bodrum or bask in the sun along the golden shores.

• Aegean Coast Of Turkey – Izmir, Bodrum & Beyond

32. Icmeler

Tucked away on the southwest Turkish coast, Icmeler is a hidden gem known for its tranquil charm. The beach here is a haven for relaxation, and the town’s friendly locals make you feel right at home. You can leisurely stroll along the palm-lined promenade, indulge in delicious Turkish cuisine, and unwind in this serene coastal retreat. It is always a place where you can really unwind. 

• Luxury Beach Resorts On The Turkish Riviera

33. Marmaris

Marmaris is a diverse coastal town that caters to all types of travelers. Whether you’re interested in water sports, a boat trip to a secluded cove, or exploring the picturesque old town, Marmaris has it all. Don’t forget to visit the famous Marmaris Castle and enjoy a taste of the local nightlife.

• Marmaris Or Bodrum – Which Is For You
• Marmaris Or Antalya – How To Choose
• Your Guide To Marmaris

With its dramatic cliffside castle and two stunning beaches, Alanya is a coastal paradise with a touch of history that never disappoints me. Explore the centuries-old Alanya Castle, offering panoramic views of the coastline, and then relax on Cleopatra Beach, said to be the favored bathing spot of the ancient queen herself. Alanya’s vibrant markets and dining scene add to the charm of this captivating destination.

Not to mention, these cities along the southern coast are perfect for day-tripping to Greece!

• Alanya Or Antalya – How To Choose
• Your Guide To Alanya

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Turkey Travel FAQs

Should i go to turkey.

Yes! Turkey is an incredible country that offers diverse sights and delicious food. It is a melting pot of culture, history, and modern-day life.

When is the best time to go to Turkey?

If you want beach time, the best time to visit is from May to the end of September. If you’re more interested in sightseeing and city life, Turkey is a year-round destination.

What are the popular places to visit in Turkey?

While Istanbul is an obvious choice, the southern beach resorts are also bustling during the hottest months.

Where is Turkey?

Turkey is located on the border between Eastern Europe and Asia. It is bordered by eight different countries: Armenia, Iran, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Bulgaria, Greece, Iraq, and Syria.

What is the most beautiful part of Turkey?

All of Turkey is beautiful in different ways. The south coast is particularly home to some of the best towns to visit, and when the sun is shining, it’s blindingly beautiful.

What is Turkey the most famous for?

Turkey is famous for its food, fantastic beaches, centuries-old history, music, and warm welcome to all guests.

Is Turkey safe to visit?

Yes. Turkey is safe like any other country. It is advised to avoid the border areas with Syria and Iraq and to watch your belongings in crowded spaces. 

What are the must-see cities in Turkey?

The must-see cities in Turkey include Istanbul, Izmir, Antalya, and Ankara.

Is Turkey cheap or expensive?

Compared to the rest of Europe, Turkey is considered a cheaper country, though prices have risen a lot in the last 12 months.

What are some of the best places to visit in Turkey?

Turkey offers a variety of incredible destinations to explore. Some of the best places to visit include sun-drenched beaches, lush mountains, vibrant cities, and ancient ruins.

What activities can I try while in Turkey?

In Turkey, you can engage in various activities depending on your interests. You can enjoy water sports at the beaches, go hiking in the mountains, explore bustling markets, indulge in delicious Turkish cuisine, and immerse yourself in the rich cultural heritage of the country.

Are there any recommended places to stay in Turkey?

If you’re looking for accommodation options in Turkey, there are numerous great places to stay. Depending on your preferences, you can choose from luxurious hotels, cozy guesthouses, seaside resorts, or even unique stays like cave hotels in Cappadocia.

How many UNESCO World Heritage Sites are there in Turkey?

Turkey boasts an impressive total of 18 UNESCO World Heritage Sites. These sites showcase the country’s significant historical and cultural landmarks, providing visitors with awe-inspiring experiences.

Whether you are looking for panoramic views, water sports, natural wonders, or small-town feels, you can see that Turkey is the perfect place for everyone to go.

• What To Pack For Turkey
• Explore The 7 Geographical Regions Of Turkey
• Best Hookah Lounges In Istanbul
• 5 Reasons To Visit Gallipoli, Turkey
• Top Things To Do In Istanbul
• How To Get From Istanbul To Cappadocia
• What To Wear In Turkey: Area-by-Area Guide
• Things To Do In Cappadocia Other Than Ballooning

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Best things to do in Turkey

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written by Rough Guides Editors

updated 04.01.2023

Invaded and settled from every direction since the start of recorded history, Turkey combines influences from the Middle East and the Mediterranean, the Balkans and Central Asia. Find out more history in our feature on facts about Turkey . In the meantime, enjoy these highlights of the best things to do in Turkey.

1. Hot-air balloon ride over Cappadocia - one of the best things to do in Turkey

2. explore i̇shak pasa sarayı, 3. visit the monastery of sumela, 4. enjoy the spectacle of the whirling dervishes, 5. discover ancient ephesus, 6. explore nemrut dağı, 7. go shopping in a bazaar, 8. attend roman theatre at aspendos, 9. visit mardin for a great stopping-off point, 10. marvel at the beauty of hagia sophia, istanbul, 12. climb in kaçkar dağları, 13. take a look at zeugma mosaic museum, gazıantep, 14. relax in a hamam, 15. take a break in the sunshine of the patara beach, 16. visit kariye museum, istanbul, 17. try baklava, 18. cruise the southwest coast, 19. explore acropolis of ancient pergamon, 20. hike in the lycian way, 21. be overwhelmed by the greatness of the byzantine frescoes, cappadocia, 22. have a history lesson at the museum of anatolian civilizations, ankara, 23. explore ani ruins, 24. take a trip around the churches of the georgian valleys, 25. experience tranquillity of the lake van, 26. visit the blue mosque, istanbul, 27. take a walk in göreme national park, 28. explore the topkapi palace, istanbul, 29. hike through the pigeon valley, 30. behold the beauty of pamukkale, 31. paragliding in ölüdeniz - one of the things to do in turkey for adrenaline junkies.

The information in this article is inspired by The Rough Guide to Europe on a Budget , your essential guide for visiting Europe.

Tailor-made travel itineraries for Turkey, created by local experts

4 days  / from 1050 USD

Sensational landscapes of Cappadocia

3 different modes of transportation to explore Cappadocia - by hot air balloon, on the back of a camel as well as on an ATV quad. Why choose if you can have it all? Four days filled with fun and adventure in the volcanic valleys around Cappadocia make an unforgettable trip.

5 days  / from 1100 USD

City & culture - Istanbul and Cappadocia

Explore two absolute highlights in Turkey - Istanbul, the former capital of the Ottoman Empire with its many landmarks. After a few days in the city, fly to Cappadocia and explore the surreal surroundings, either on day tours or from above in a hot air balloon.

9 days  / from 2500 USD

Magical Turkey

Visit Gobekli Tepe and Mount Nemrut in Southeastern Anatolia before proceeding to Cappadocia with its volcanic scenery. After a few days in the valleys, continue to Pamukkale and the ancient city of Ephesus. Your tour starts and ends in Istanbul.

A lighter-than-air float gives an unrivalled perspective on the “fairy chimneys” and other features of the landscape and is one of the best things to do in Turkey for the views.

You can get airborne on a paraglider above Ölüdeniz and kaş, or more passively (and expensively) in a hot-air balloon over Cappadocia – champagne breakfast usually included.

3 different modes of transportation to explore Cappadocia - by hot air balloon, on the back of a camel as well as on an ATV quad. Why choose if you can have it all? This tailor-made tour to Sensational landscapes of Cappadocia filled with fun and adventure in the volcanic valleys around Cappadocia make an unforgettable trip.

Where to stay in Cappadocia:

• Best for beautiful surroundings: Yunak Evleri . Set in Cappadocia’s landscape of fairy chimneys, Yunak Evleri is a unique cave hotel carved into a mountain cliff.
• Best for peaceful stays: Narcissos Cave Hotel . Featuring a garden, Narcissos Cave Hotel is set in Urgup in the Central Anatolia Region region, 8.4 km from Uchisar Castle and 11 km from Nikolos Monastery.

Find more accommodation options to stay in Cappadocia

Cappadocia - Turkey © Shutterstock

Strategically set astride the Silk Route, this architecturally eclectic seventeenth-century palace is one of eastern Turkey’s most emblematic sites.

The exotic İshak Paşa Sarayı was built in the 18th century. A delightful architectural mishmash of Georgian, Armenian and Seljuk styles, its lavishly relief-carved walls, domes and minarets make it an architecture lover's dream. Looking out from this building is spectacular, with grand views down across the plain that this Kurdish chieftain once controlled.

İshak Pasa Sarayı, Turkish semi ruined administrative, Turkey © YoncaEvren/Shutterstock

Dramatically built into the side of the Pontic mountains, this Byzantine monastery is adorned with beautiful frescoes.

The Monastery of Sumela, or the Virgin of the Black Rock ranks as one of the Black Sea’s biggest attractions. You'll find here an ancient monastery built into the side of a cliff on the Black Sea coastline. Climb up to an observation point, soak up epic views of the region, and wander through fascinating caves to learn about the area's geology.

The present buildings probably date from the 12th century and contain many subsequent layers of frescoes, the best being from the 14th and 15th centuries.

Discover the wonders of Sumela with a guided tour.

Visitind Sumela monastery is amongst things to do in Turkey for beautiful frescoes, Turkey © MehmetO/Shutterstock

Members of a sect founded by the Konya-based Sufi mystic Celaleddin Rumi conduct “turning” ceremonies to effect union with God.

The Mevlâna Festival of the Whirling Dervishes is held in a specially designed stadium every December, and the piety of most of the audience makes it clear that the sema (whirling ceremony) has not lost its religious significance. Performances for tourists are given daily in summer.

See the stunning Mevlevei Sema ceremony in Istanbul . Enjoy a complex musical repertoire with whirling dervishes and go on a mystical dance journey representing man’s spiritual ascent through mind, love, and perfection.

The Whirling Dervishes © Shutterstock

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This ancient city, addressed by Saint Paul in one of his epistles, is the best preserved of its kind in the Eastern Mediterranean.

Unmatched by any other Mediterranean archaeological site aside from Pompeii, Ephesus (Efes in Turkish) appeals to visitors ranging from serious scholars to those with a more casual interest. Most of the surviving ruins of Ephesus belong to the Roman imperial period.

This tailor-made trip to Delightful Turkey is for those who want to discover as much as of Turkey as possible in under one week. Highlights include the Old Town of Istanbul, the valleys of Cappadocia, the birth of Sufism and the historical city of Ephesus.

Where to stay near Ephesus ruins:

• Best for location: Ilayda Avantgarde Hotel offers great-value accommodation, only 50 m from the beach in the heart of the Kusadasi. It offers views overlooking a beach, the Aegean Sea and Kuşadası Marina. Kusadasi Castle can be reached in 5-minute drive from the property.
• Best for views: Nisanyan Hotel offers views of the historical village of Sirince, near Selçuk and the archaeological treasures of Ephesus. It features a marble swimming pool with water from Nisanyan’s own spring.

Find more accommodation options to stay near Ephesus ruins

Celsus Library in Ephesus, Turkey © muratart/Shutterstock

Thousands of visitors make the trek to see these fabulous remains atop towering Nemrut Dağı. You'll find here an extraordinary mountain-top temple-tomb complex that’s the outlandish legacy of an obscure, ancient kingdom. Commagene, a tiny buffer state on the Upper Euphrates, flourished for the briefest instant during the Roman civil wars.

Unlike other forgotten states of late antiquity, though, Commagene sealed its place in history thanks to the incredible stone carvings created by its uniquely self-obsessed ruler —Antiochus I. A visit to Nemrut Dağı is one of the best things to do in Turkey.

Enjoy a 3-day, 2-night tour of Mt. Nemrut, Sanliurfa, and Harran and discover some of Turkey's most fascinating hightlights.

Nemrut Dagi in Turkey © Waj/Shutterstock

Among the essential things to do in Turkey is of course browsing the Turkish bazaars. You may not get a bargain, but you can’t beat the banter, especially at Istanbul’s Grand Bazaar .

Heading west towards the city walls, Divan Yolu, once the avenue of state trodden by viziers and pashas (high officials of the Ottoman Empire), is now lined with tourist shops. Several blocks west, is the entrance to the Grand Bazaar (Kapalı Çarşı), a favourite tourist haunt. The size of a city street block, this market is where you can find everything from carpets to leather jackets, antiques, silver, icons and gold.

The Rough Guides to Turkey and related travel guides

In-depth, easy-to-use travel guides filled with expert advice.

Discover traditional Istanbul’s life and colour with this half-day guided shopping tour . A trip to Turkey wouldn’t be complete without exploring Istanbul’s ancient and famous bazaars. Shop for the best in Turkish carpets and leathers.

Grand Bazaar, Istanbul © Berke/Shutterstock

Anatolia’s largest and best preserved Classical theatre hosts an opera and ballet festival in summer. Some 45km (25 miles) east of Antalya and 5km (3 miles) off the main road, imposing Aspendos is graced by one of the finest surviving Roman theatres in the world.

Built during the reign of Emperor Marcus Aurelius (AD161–80) and seating 15,000 people, the elaborate structure is almost intact, the exception being part of the upper cornice. It is still used for concerts today.

Where to stay near Aspendos:

• Best for family honeymoon: Megasaray Club Belek . Located on the seafront, Megasaray Club Belek offers a private sandy beach with a jetty, 5 outdoor pools, 3 water slides and spa facilities.
• Best for family holiday: The Land Of Legends Kingdom Hotel . Featuring a 5D Cinema which offers guests a unique experience, crazy river, wave pool and coasters — The Land of Legends Theme Park offers a multi-sensory experience concept in Antalya.

Find more accommodation options to stay near Aspendos

Ancient amphitheater Aspendos in Antalya, Turkey © Ryzhkov Oleksandr/Shutterstock

Medieval houses, historic mosques and churches, and boutique hotels mingle in this hilltop eyrie, high above the Mesopotamian plain.

Perched majestically on a bluff above the chequerboard expanse of the Mesopotamian plain, Mardin is the most beautiful and visitor-friendly town in southeast Turkey. It is just a few kilometres north of the Syrian border, with the land hereabouts the closest Turkey gets to a true desert: be prepared for summer temperatures in excess of 40°C (104°F).

It is also the launching point for visits to the ancient Roman outpost of Dara.

Where to stay in Mardin:

• Best for traditional architecture: Maridin Hotel . This marvelous stone-made mansion featuring traditional architecture offers a terrace with panoramic Mesopotamia and Mardin views. A Turkish bath, sauna and a cold water pool in a cave are available.
• Best for authentic experience: Mirsoum Hotels . Set in Mardin, 5.1 km from Eskikale, Mirsoum Hotels provides air-conditioned rooms and a garden.

Find more accommodation options to stay in Mardin

Old city Mardin, Turkey © akimov konstantin/Shutterstock

The seemingly unsupported dome of Hagia Sophia is one of the architectural marvels of the world and visiting this landmark should be on everyone's list of things to do in Turkey.

At the eastern end of the Hippodrome, across Sultanahmet Park, is magnificent Aya Sofya otherwise known by its Greek name, Hagia Sophia or the Church of Holy Wisdom. It’s the principal Byzantine building still standing in Istanbul and one of the finest architectural creations in the world, not least because of its stunning and hugely innovative dome.

Explore two absolute highlights on the tailor-made trip to City & culture - Istanbul and Cappadocia . Visit Istanbul, the former capital of the Ottoman Empire with its many landmarks. After a few days in the city, fly to Cappadocia and explore the surreal surroundings, either on day tours or from above in a hot air balloon.

Where to stay in Istanbul:

• Best for views: Hotel Poem . Situated in the centre of Sultanahmet, just a short walk from the Hagia Sophia and Blue Mosque, this special class category hotel offers a cheerful atmosphere and great-value accommodation overlooking the Bosphorus.
• Best for B&B: Mest Hotel Istanbul Sirkeci . Well located in the Fatih district of Istanbul, Mest Hotel Istanbul Sirkeci is located 1.2 km from Basilica Cistern, less than 1 km from Column of Constantine and a 19-minute walk from Topkapi Palace.
• Best for location: Boutique Saint Sophia . Set in a 19th-century building and totally renovated in 2013, Boutique Saint Sophia has views over Hagia Sophia courtyard and offers luxurious rooms decorated with marble and teak wood. Hagia Sophia and Basilica Cistern are just a few steps from the hotel.

Find more accommodation options to stay in Istanbul

Hagia Sophia interior at Istanbul Turkey © Tatiana Popova/Shutterstock

Lying just inland from the Black Sea, this glacially sculpted granite mountain range, spangled with dozens of lakes, is Turkey’s premier trekking venue.

The glaciated Kaçkar mountains are the highest (3,932m/12,190ft) and most spectacular of the various massifs in Turkey’s eastern Black Sea region. The name is derived from the Armenian khatchkar (votive relief cross). Its non-porous granite has resulted in hundreds of midnight-blue lakes and burbling streams.

Wildflower displays are second to none. Best of all is the opportunity to sample life at the various yaylas (pastoral communities), inhabited to varying degrees from late June to early September.

Kaçkar mountains. Turkey © UBC Stock/Shutterstock

A fabulous collection of mosaics from ancient Zeugma, a Hellenistic/Roman frontier city now under the waters of a reservoir on the nearby Euphrates .

The jewel in Gaziantep’s crown is the remarkable Zeugma Mosaic Museum which houses a collection of mosaics as impressive as any found anywhere in the Roman world. Some are displayed wall-mounted, others as they would have been in situ, in the reconstructed peristyle courtyards of villas, surrounded by pillars and backed by frescoes.

The mosaics, frescoes and other finds, notably a superb bronze statue of Hermes, were all salvaged from the Hellenistic/Roman city of Zeugma.

Experience an exclusive romantic tour with your partner as a local guide shows you the most romantic places in Gaziantep. Hear interesting stories and get mesmerized by the ambiance of Gaziantep.

Find accommodation options to stay in Gazıantep

Roman Floor Mosaic from Zeugma, Turkey © bumihills/Shutterstock

If you are thinking about the best things to do in Turkey, one of the first things that comes to mind is of course visiting hamam. The traditional sensual comforts of Turkey, hamams (Turkish baths) make a wonderfully relaxing (and cleansing) way to round off a day’s sightseeing. The soapy pleasures of a trip to the hamam are revitalising, and an authentic Turkish experience.

The sexes are usually segregated either in different baths or by different hours. nudity is not the norm, so wear underpants beneath the tea-towel-like peştamal (sarong) that you will be given. In the better baths you will also be given a towel and wooden clogs (takunya), although in more rural areas it’s best to bring your own towel.

Enhance your stay in Turkey with an amazing 3-hour traditional Turkish bath experience . Relax in the sauna and steam room, and be indulged with a body scrub, foam massage, and oil massage, all part of this rejuvenating Turkish tradition.

Interior of Turkish sauna, classic Turkish hammam © Mr. Tempter/Shutterstock

This unspoiled beach, one of the longest in the Mediterranean, is the perfect coda to a visit of the nearby, eponymous ancient city.

Patara was powerful Lycian city. Today it is better known for its 12km (7.5-mile) white-sand beach, the longest in Turkey, often with a considerable summer surf. This giant sandpit is as popular with breeding turtles as it is with lounging tourists, and the swamp behind the dunes is a vast archaeological site – thus it is all strictly protected, with most tourist facilities confined to the village of Gelemiş.

Discover more beautiful beaches with our guide to the best beaches in Turkey .

Where to stay near Patara beach:

• Best for comfort stays: Flower Hotel Patara is situated in a charming grass garden full of various trees such as palms, fruit trees and olives. Profit from the shuttle service to the beach.
• Best for relaxing times: St. Nicholas Pension . This family-run hotel features air-conditioned rooms and a terrace restaurant serving Mediterranean delicacies. Located 3 km from Patara beach, it offers a daily shuttle service to the beach.

Find more accommodation options to stay near the Patara beach

Aerial view of an untouched Patara Beach in Antalya, Turkey © proslgn/Shutterstock

The finest collection of Byzantine mosaics and frescoes in Turkey, adorning an attractive church near the city’s land walls.

Around five kilometres (3 miles) west of the heart of the Istanbul around the Aya Sofya is the Kariye Museum. Take a taxi or the tram to the Pazartekke stop, from where it is a fascinating twentyminute walk north along the line of the Land Walls. Today it is a museum, the walls restored to relate the stories of Christianity according to Greek Orthodoxy.

Enjoy a stunning look at the center of Byzantine Constantinople on an extraordinary walking tour of the greatest Byzantine sights . Visit monasteries, homes, and ruins with an expert guide to help you gain a deep and rich understanding of Turkey's history.

Chora church, Istanbul, Turkey © Teo Stuivenberg/Shutterstock

The list of things to do in Turkey will not be complete without tasting of local delicacies. Those with a particularly sweet tooth should seek out a traditional pastane (patisserie). In earlier days, before fast-food restaurants and cafés provided an alternative, young courting couples or families would make the pastane a Sunday ritual.

The favourite dessert of the sweet-toothed Turks, rich, buttery baklava , in which thin layers of filo pastry are stuffed with pistachio or walnuts, is best enjoyed with a strong, black Turkish coffee.

Explore more of Turkish cuisine with our guide to the best traditional Turkish food .

On this guided walking food tour you will travel around Eminonu, its intricate alleyways and hidden corners and go off the beaten paths while eating and enjoying most of delicious food tastings.

Baklava © korkut kazcin/Shutterstock

The deeply indented coastline between Bodrum and Finike is the venue for multi-day cruises on a gulet , or traditional wooden motor-schooner.

All the major southwest coast resorts have well-equipped yacht marinas, with the convoluted shoreline between Bodrum and Finike especially rewarding. Scuba diving is most worthwhile out of Bodrum, kalkan, kaş and Adrasan. Expect to see corals, rock formations and submerged wrecks rather than huge shoals of fish.

Spend your day on a boat tour visiting Bodrum's hidden bays. Swim in the turquoise waters surrounding Black Island and relax with lunch at Aquarius Bay.

Gokova gulf, Bodrum, Turkey © nexus 7/Shutterstock

Pergamon was one of the chief Roman cities of Anatolia, and extensive ruins remain; shown here is the sanctuary of the restored Trajan temple.

For the energetic, there is a path up to the fabled Acropolis from Bergama, though it’s probably best to use it downhill on your return. Most people will arrive by cable-car or private car to the car park and ticket booth at the top.

As you pass the scant remains of a monumental gate, you enter one of the greatest centres of Hellenistic civilisation, excavated between 1878 and 1886 by Carl Humann, a railway engineer employed by the Ottoman government.

Enjoy a day tour of Pergamon and the Asklepion with convenient hotel pick-up from Kusadasi or Selcuk. Customize your itinerary and take advantage of skip-the-line tickets.

Temple of Trajan at Acropolis of Pergamon or Pergamum in Turkey © OPIS Zagreb/Shutterstock

This well-marked path, suited to all abilities, follows some of the most scenic portions of the Turquoise Coast . Hiking in this region is one of the best things to do in Turkey for walkers and nature lovers.

This coastal route, ideal for spring or autumn, notionally takes five weeks to complete, but the wildest, most popular sections are near Fethiye between Kabak and Gavurağili, and between Kaş and Üçağız.

Five kilometres (3 miles) before Kumluca, where Highway 400 swings northward, continue east along the coastal road for another 20km (12.5 miles) to reach a scenic stretch of the Lycian Way, from Karaöz down to the French-built lighthouse at Gelidonya Burnu, with the Beş Adalar (Five Islands) as a backdrop.

Discover Kekova's top landmarks on this guided sea kayak tour . See sights including the Sunken City of Kekova, Tersane Bay, and Theimussa, visit Simena Castle, swim, and enjoy lunch in Üçağiz.

Gelidonya lighthouse, Lycian way, Turkey © Quinn Martin/Shutterstock

Cappadocia's many rock-hewn churches contain superb early Christian frescoes.

One of the finest local churches for Byzantine frescoes is the monastery at Eski Gümüşler in the village of Gümüşler, 8km (5 miles) northeast of Niğde. Restored by British archaeologists in the 1960s, the monastery church has a completely preserved courtyard (the only one to survive in its entirety).

A room upstairs springs a surprise: a smoky wall covered with non-religious pictures of animals and birds. Outside, a winepress and baths have been discovered.

Frescos cave, church Goreme, Cappadocia © Jan Miko/Shutterstock

Home to native cultures from the Stone Age onwards, this superb museum is the capital’s one must-see attraction.

Today, travellers to the region pay homage to Atatürk, buried in state in the country’s bustling modern capital, Ankara, and visit the superb Museum of Anatolian Civilisations, covering 10,000 years of history.

You'll want to visit Konya to admire the religious monuments associated with the world-famous whirling dervishes. Visit Cappadocia to delight in its extraordinary landscape of conical fairy chimneys, underground cities, anthill-like monasteries and rock-cut churches.

Explore Ankara with a friendly and passionate local who will help you discover the city like a real Ankara resident.

Where to stay in Ankara:

• Best for modern stays: Bugday Hotel . Located in Ankara’s centre, this hotel features panoramic city views from the rooftop restaurant. It has a fitness centre, sauna and a steam bath. Free Wi-Fi and free private parking are available.
• Best for comfort: Hotel Cinnah . Located in the heart of Ankara, Hotel Cinnah is 100 m from Kugulu Park. It is also within walking distance to many shops are shopping area. Free WiFi is available throughout the property. Guests can benefit free private parking on site.

Find more accommodation options to stay in Ankara

Museum of Anatolian civilizations, Ankara, Turkey © zebra0209/Shutterstock

Medieval Armenian capital in a superb setting at the Turkish border, scattered with fine churches. The former capital of Bagratid Armenia, which flourished from the 10th to the 13th centuries, contains several of the finest Armenian churches in this region, amid dramatic scenery.

Allow at least half a day to make the most of Ani, plus an hour each way for the drive from/to Kars. Entry to the city is through the impressive Aslan Kapısı (Lion Gate), from where a signed path meanders its way from church to church. Most obvious is the Church of the Redeemer, striking because only half of its bulk survives, the rest having fallen victim to a lightning bolt.

Clinging to a cliff face above the Arpa Çayı is the exquisite Church of St Gregory and its lovely frescoes.

Church of the Redeemer in Ani, Turkey © Fat Jackey/Shutterstock

The medieval churches northeast of Erzurum is among northeastern Anatolia’s most striking monuments.

Getting around the Georgian valleys with their marvellous Georgian churches is considerably difficult without your own transport. There are few tour agents and infrequent dolmuşes to the villages by the churches.

The five most impressive churches lie south of Artvin, in the valleys of the Çoruh and Tortum rivers. İşhan is the first, with its huge, mind-blowing church. Work was begun during the 8th century and was only completed 300 years later. The dome rests on four massive columns, while delicate stone carvings adorn the outer walls.

Osvang church Tortum Erzurum, Turkey © zaferkizilkaya/Shutterstock

The cobalt-blue expanse of Turkey's largest lake is at its most scenic in late spring or early summer.

Turkey’s largest inland body of water, Van Gölü (Lake Van) stands some 1,650 metres (5,500ft) above sea level. Flushed with the run-off from innumerable small streams in the surrounding mountains, it has no visible outlet save for evaporation, which accounts for the lake’s high salinity.

Last light at The Armenian Church, Van, Turkey © B Studio/Shutterstock

The most famous mosque in the old city in Istanbul is the Blue Mosque facing Aya Sofya across Sultanahmet Square, and deriving its architectural style from the earlier church. It has blue stained-glass windows, and exquisite İznik tiles decorate its interior.

It was built between 1609 and 1616 by the architect Mehmet Ağa, a student of the great architect Sinan, as a means of showing the world that he had outstripped his master – and the architects of Aya Sofya – and as a tribute to the superiority of Islam.

Join a guided tour of the two most famous monuments in Istanbul : the Blue Mosque and Hagia Sophia. Enjoy an introduction to Sultanahmet and the Hippodrome as you witness local life with a guide.

Blue mosque, Instanbul © OPIS Zagreb/Shutterstock

The village of Göreme, just 3km northeast of Uçhisar, is one of few remaining Cappadocian settlements whose rock-cut houses and fairy chimneys are still inhabited. These, along with the village’s celebrated open-air museum, make it a hugely popular tourist destination. The honeycomb of cave dwellings etched into the landscape not only provides visual intrigue, but is well equipped to provide for everyone from budget backpackers to luxury holiday-makers. and there are carpet shops, pansiyons, tour companies and restaurants everywhere.

In and around the Göreme valley, in a spectacular scenery entirely made by erosion, there are shrines cut into the rock, which are a unique record of Byzantine art. There are also troglodyte dwellings, villages and underground cities - the remains of a former traditional human habitation that dates back to the 4th century.

This Cappadocia Red Tour will depart from your hotel. Along with a professional tour guide and driver, you will visit historic sites in Cappadocia such as Devrent Valley, Pasabagi Valley, Avanos, Göreme Open Air Museum, Esentepe and more.

Where to stay in Göreme:

• Best for views: Milat Cave Hotel . Boasting a garden and a restaurant, Milat Cave Hotel is set in Goreme. Featuring a 24-hour front desk, this property also provides guests with a terrace. A tour desk can provide information on the area.
• Best for ambience and comfort: Carus Cappadocia . Featuring a bar, garden and views of city, Carus Cappadocia is set in Goreme, 3.9 km from Uchisar Castle. Among the facilities of this property are a restaurant, a 24-hour front desk and room service, along with free WiFi. The hotel features family rooms.

Find more accommodation options to stay in Göreme

Goreme in Turkey © AdobeStock

Located to the northeast of Aya Sofya is the Topkapı Palace. The complex is considerably smaller than the original, which used to extend down to the Sea of Marmara and include the area covered today by Sirkeci railway station and Gülhane Park, but the grounds are still enormous. You need half a day to appreciate it properly.

The Topkapı was the nerve centre of the extensive Ottoman Empire after Mehmet the Conqueror’s great grandson, Süleyman the Magnificent, made the decision to make it the seat of the Ottoman Empire and his royal residence.

Skip the ticket lines and discover Topkapi Palace in Istanbul on an informative tour with an audio guide . Explore at your own pace and take a break for coffee.

Harem in Topkapi Palace, Istanbul, Turkey © AdobeStock

If you are looking for what to do in Turkey for hiking don't miss the beautiful Pigeon Valley. It's a spectacular valley near the town of Uchisar, which is named because of the thousands of pigeon lodges carved into the soft tuff since ancient times, and provides another breathtaking view of Cappadocia together with fascinating views of the pigeon lodges.

The valley got its name from the pigeons and ranks first amongst the most popular, most well-known and striking valleys of Cappadocia.

See the best of Cappadocia with a private day trip from Goreme . Enter the Pigeon Valley and delve into Derinkuyu Underground City before traveling to Cavusin and admiring the Fairy Chimneys.

Uchhisar fortress and colourful hot air balloons flying over Pigeon valley in Cappadocia, Turkey © Shutterstock

The solidified mineral-rich “waterfalls” of the pale travertine terraces are a cliché of Turkish tourism, but is one of the best things to do in Turkey nonetheless. The extensive remains of Roman Hierapolis up top are an added bonus.

Magical Pamukkale the “Cotton Castle”, lies 19km (12 miles) north of Denizli, off the main highway from Aydin. It’s actually a solidified cascade of travertine, formed by calcium bicarbonate-laden hot springs just uphill that have left stalactite-festooned terraces and scallop-shaped pools as they drain over the escarpment here and cool.

Experience Pamukkale with its dreamlike landscapes and waters, long prized for their healing properties on Pamukkale and Hierapolis Tour with Lunch . Then visit the settlement of Hierapolis and discover its ancient history.

Vibrant Pamukkale in Turkey © Suksamran1985/Shutterstock

Fethiye itself has no beaches; the nearest is at Çalış, 4km (2.5 miles), a mosquito-friendly, déclassé resort slowly being converted to holiday homes. The area’s premier beach, featuring on every second tourist-office poster of Turkey, lies across the peninsula at Ölüdeniz, the “Dead Sea”, 25km (15 miles) away.

Until the late 1980s, this was one of the Mediterranean’s most beautiful hideaways, a cobalt lagoon encircled by platinum sand, with Aleppo pines leaning over the water. But the overlanders’ obligatory halt of yore has since become a standard mass-market resort. The entire valley behind less scenic, adjacent Belceğiz beach is crammed to capacity with restaurants and hotels, most of the latter dominated by package companies.

You can get airborne on a paraglider above Ölüdeniz and kaş, or more passively (and expensively) in a hot-air balloon over Cappadocia.

Glide high above sandy beaches and turquoise waters on a paragliding flight . Take in views of majestic mountains on the horizon. Start with a briefing by your instructor and then experience a tandem paraglide, choosing the time of day that suits you best.

Paragliding in Ölüdeniz, Turkey © AdobeStock

Turkey is one of the best places to travel with kids. Check our guide to the best places to go with kids and find some more inspirational ideas for the family holidays.

If you prefer to plan and book your trip to the Turkey without any effort and hassle, use the expertise of our local travel experts to make sure your trip will be just like you dream it to be.

Visiting Turkey is a trully unforgetable expirience. For more inspirational travel tips check our Rough Guide books . If you travel further in Turkey , read more about the best time to go and the best places to visit in Turkey. For inspiration use the itineraries and our local travel experts . A bit more hands on, learn about getting there , getting around the country and where to stay once you are there.

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14 of the best places to visit in Turkey

Whether you want to visit turkey’s cities such as culturally rich istanbul and liberal izmir, or watch hot-air balloons drift over cappadocia — these are the best places to visit.

H olidays to Turkey usually involve city breaks in Istanbul or a resort stay on its dazzling Aegean or Mediterranean coasts. But this vast country — more than twice the size of Germany — has many more treasures waiting for the intrepid traveller. Why not try skiing in the Uludag mountains, a soak in the mineral springs near Pamukkale, or sleep in a cave hotel in Cappadocia before soaring over its ethereal landscape in a hot air balloon? Whether you have a week, two weeks or even longer, Turkey has a delicious and culture-rich option for you. And for the budget-conscious, the weak lira means holidays here often offer incredible value. Here are some of the best places to visit in Turkey for your next break.

This article contains affiliate links, which may earn us revenue .

If you only have . . .

One week Spend a couple of nights in Istanbul then head down to the Aegean coast for history and beaches in Kusadasi or Izmir, and then inland for thermal springs in Pamukkale

Two weeks Take in both the Aegean and Mediterranean coasts either on a cruise or fly drive. For history buffs, there are countless archaeological sites to keep you busy

Three weeks Do a grand tour that loops from Istanbul down the Aegean coast, east along the Mediterranean and then up to Cappadocia. Fly back or stop via Ankara

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With its Armenian roots and heavy stone architecture, Turkey ’s easternmost city feels more like a Caucasian place than an Anatolian one. Kars is the last stop on the Eastern Express — a 24 to 32-hour train ride starting in Ankara — taking you through the stunning wilderness of the Turkish interior. Cabins are basic but clean and comfortable, the restaurant car is decent, and tickets are a bargain. Once you’re there, visit the ancient Armenian churches, some of them ruins, others converted into mosques, and climb up to Kars castle for a panoramic view out from the old fortifications.

Make it happen

Hotel Katerina Sarayi is housed in a Russian building commissioned by Tsar Nicholas II

You’ll be based in Kars for two nights and visit the surrounding regions on a six-day Land of Ararat tour with Fez Travel tourhub.co/tour/fez-travel/2024-land-of-ararat-tour/laar

2. Black Sea

Turkey’s northern coast misses out to the Aegean and the Med, but there is a cottage holiday industry here catering to surfers, ecotourists and Gulf Arabs who come to its cool green mountains for an escape from their desert summers. If you are a confident driver, hire a car and take a trip on the sometimes alarming roads along the coast. If not, with a base in Rize, the heart of the tea-growing region, or historic Trabzon or Samsun, you can visit ancient Christian monasteries, verdant mountain villages and lively port towns.

Abant Aden is a boutique eco resort in the green hills of Bolu

Wild Frontiers offers an 11-day Turkey: From The Black Sea to The Golden Horn tour that starts from Trabzon

3. Istanbul’s Bosphorus strait

Pretty much any form of public transport that takes you from one side of Istanbul to the other will mesmerise you, be it the genteel passenger ferry with its tea stall and open decks, or the dolmus, the stuffed public minibus that weaves hair-raisingly through the traffic over the bridge. The strait is 550m across at its narrowest point, and the vistas from the middle are incredible; taking in palaces, shanty towns, mosques, skyscrapers, ports and islands. Sunset is the best time to see the historic peninsula from the water, when the sun sinks directly behind the domes of Hagia Sophia and the Blue Mosque.

Sumahan on the Water is Istanbul’s boutique seaside hotel

Add a Bosphorus cruise to your Istanbul stay — Velena Travel offers a classic sunset sailing on a luxury yacht

Located 130 miles south of Istanbul, near the city of Bursa, Uludag Mountain has a mythological significance as it was believed to be a vantage point for the ancient gods during the Trojan War. Today, from December to March, it serves as Turkey’s premier ski destination, catering to a wide range of preferences from boozy all-inclusives to halal-friendly resorts. The mountain boasts 22 lifts and offers runs suitable for all skill levels, in addition to ski courses and equipment rental. It has become a favoured spot for Istanbullus to celebrate the New Year, and hosts music festivals in both winter and summer.

Monte Baia Uludag is all-inclusive and in the middle of 9,000m of slopes

Tourigy offers day trips to Uludag from Istanbul that include hotel pick up and cable car ride

5. Cappadocia

This enchanted landscape of rocky outcrops known as “fairy chimneys” is the perfect place to spend a romantic weekend outdoors. In the Cappadocia national park you can hike, horse ride and float over the 1,000m-high plateau in the middle of Anatolia. This city of cave houses was first settled by Christians in the sixth century, and lives on today with cosy boutique hotels built inside the ancient rocks. Indulge in the classic Cappadocia experience — a hot air balloon ride at dawn.

Seraphim cave hotel is a historic mansion set over an acre of fairy chimneys

BellaTurca Travel offers a two-day all inclusive Cappadocia tour from Istanbul with an overnight stay in a cave hotel and an optional hot air balloon ride

This quaint town is the jumping-off point for some of the most beautiful scenery along the Turquoise Coast, including the famed Blue Lagoon — a round inlet of crystal seas ringed with perfect sand. You can paraglide from the nearby Babadag mountain to enjoy a bird’s-eye vista of the coastline, and take boat trips out to bays that are only accessible from the water. Fethiye is also a starting point for the Lycian Way, a 300-mile hiking trail along the coast that is dotted with family-run pensions and cafés, but you can also camp along the way.

Ece Saray Hotel is in Fethiye’s glittering marina

The 13-day the Aegean Legacy tour from Encounters Travel includes a short gulet cruise from Fethiye

tourhub.co/tour/encounters-travel/the-aegean-legacy-tour/38

Turkey’s modern capital, Ankara, often finds itself in the shadow of Istanbul — the historic heart of the Ottoman Empire and still the country’s largest city, both in population and cultural influence. While it can’t rival Istanbul in history or size, Ankara is still worth a weekend visit. The atmosphere is far calmer, there are elegant parks and broad pavements, and it’s the place to learn more about Turkey’s republican history. The most famous monument is Anitkabir, the mausoleum of Kemal Ataturk, Turkey’s founder and first president, which also incorporates a museum and collection of neoclassical monuments.

Hotel Ickale offers classic luxury with a front-row view of Anitkabir

See both Istanbul and Ankara on a 14-day Turkish Delight tour from Globus

tourhub.co/tour/globus/turkish-delight/qt-2024

• Best luxury villas in Turkey to book now • Best all-inclusive hotels in Turkey for a break in the sun

8. Istanbul’s ancient shopping centre

The weak lira makes Turkey the ideal place to pick up a bargain, and if you know where to look there is great artisanship going on. Peruse Istanbul’s famous Grand Bazaar — said to be the world’s oldest shopping centre and certainly its most atmospheric. Stick to the antiques and leather sections if you’re actually looking for something to buy — for rugs, lamps and the other classic Turkish souvenirs, seek out smaller shops away from the tourist areas where you’ll find genuine products and lower prices. There are also lots of independent art galleries in upmarket neighbourhoods such as Nisantasi and Kadikoy on the Asian side, selling reasonably priced originals by Turkish, Iranian and Syrian artists.

Innova Sultanahmet is an opulent stay a stone’s throw from the Grand Bazaar

City Unscripted has a three-hour private shopping experience that takes you to local artisans in Istanbul, including at the Grand Bazaar

The gaudy heart of Turkey’s package tourism industry is also the gateway to some of Turkey’s most stunning natural beauty. Grab a hire car and head out of the city to find national parks, protected coastlines and species, and a burgeoning ecotourism sector. Kas, a coastal town 120 miles southwest of Antalya , has become a popular destination for middle-class Turks who come for the quaint old hotels and the villagey vibe. In Cirali, 40 miles to the south of the city, you’ll find a boho vibe with treehouse hotels and the ancient ruins of Olympos on an emerald green stretch of the coast.

Olympos Lodge is a chalet getaway with a luxury-eco vibe

Utracks offers a fully guided eight-day walk along the Lycian Way that departs from and returns to Antalya, and includes a visit to Cirali

tourhub.co/tour/utracks/lycian-way-coastal-walk/uly

Turkey’s most liberal city — and proudly so — Izmir’s unique vibe is flavoured by its young population, many of them students, its multicultural history and its relationship with the sea. Most of the beautiful old city was sadly destroyed during Turkey’s war of independence in 1922, but with its wide boulevards, palm trees and lively pavements packed with fish restaurants and bars, it’s still an easy place to fall in love with. Come in the spring before the weather gets too stifling and stay in one of the old courtyard houses that have been converted into boutique hotels.

Lagora Old Town Hotel has cosy rooms set around a 300-year-old courtyard

The ten-day Wonders of Turkey Luxury Tour from Ciconia Exclusive Journeys includes an overnight stay in Izmir

ciconiatravel.com

11. Pamukkale

Pamukkale — meaning “cotton castle” — is best known for the sparkling white terraces that have formed over thousands of years from calcium-heavy mineral springs cascading over a cliff. There are still hot springs in the area for those looking for a spa break. Unesco has listed it as a heritage site along with nearby Hierapolis, an incredibly well preserved ancient spa city with a Roman theatre. You can visit both sites in one day, although it can feel a bit rushed. Best to stay overnight and enjoy the benefits of the mineral springs too.

Hierapark Thermal & Spa Hotel Deluxe has indoor and outdoor thermal pools and is just 2.5 miles from Pamukkale

The seven-day Aegean Explorer tour from On The Go Tours includes a visit to Pamukkale and Hierapolis, with optional thermal spring experience

tourhub.co/tour/on-the-go-tours/aegean-explorer-7-days/2-aexp

12. Kusadasi

Best known for its beautiful beaches with clear blue waters, Kusadasi is ideal for a fly-and-flop break in Turkey. But while its natural beauty is its obvious draw, it’s also the gateway to Ephesus ancient city — considered one of the most well-preserved archaeological sites in the world. Highlights here include the Library of Celsus, the Temple of Artemis, and the Great Theatre. There’s also the islet of Guvercinada, or Pigeon Island, which is dominated by a 14th century fortress. There’s no need to charter a boat though — it’s connected to the mainland via a causeway.

Charisma De Luxe Hotel sits in front of a 60m private beach with sweeping views of the Aegean sea

The eight-day Taste of Turkey tour from Encounters Travel includes an overnight stay in Kusadasi and a visit to Ephesus

tourhub.co/tour/encounters-travel/taste-of-turkey-tour/35

• Best hotels with waterparks in Turkey • Best hotels with swim-up rooms in Turkey

13. East Thrace

Wine has much improved in Turkey over the past few years, largely thanks to a clutch of cutting-edge wineries that are bringing viniculture back to Asia Minor. You can eat, drink and wander the vineyards at several of these in the East Thrace region, an easy day trip from Istanbul. Further south, there are a number of other open vineyards, many growing the Narinca variety, around the Aegean and Mediterranean coast. Several great wine houses back in Istanbul offer extensive local wine lists, served up with cheese and meat platters.

Bakucha Vineyard Hotel offers up luxurious cool with local food and — of course — great wine

Fez Travel has a full-day wine tour from Istanbul that includes lunch and visits to three different wineries

In Turkey, private sailing is not just for the rich and famous: you can get the private yacht experience on a modest budget. Gather enough friends and you can affordably hire a gulet — a traditional sail boat — with crew for several days of sailing around the coves, islands and beaches of this idyllic part of the Mediterranean coast. While Gocek is the hub for Turkey’s gulet tours, there are fishing villages all along the western coast where you will find mariners willing to take you out for a few hours. In Istanbul and other coastal towns, you can hire motor boats to take you out for the day.

Six can sail in luxury on the Gulet Serenity

guletbookers.com/gulet-serenity-70

Encounters Travel offers an eight-day Fethiye and Gocek gulet cruise that visits secluded bays and quiet islands

tourhub.co/tour/encounters-travel/fethiye-and-gocek-gulet-tour/367

• Best beaches near Istanbul • Best hotels in Istanbul

Additional reporting by Qin Xie.

Take me there

Inspired to visit Turkey but yet to book your trip? Here are the best packages from Tui Holidays and BA Holidays . Here’s a selection of some of the best Turkey tours from our Times Travel partners . And if you’re still unsure of where you want to go or what type of holiday to book, get in touch here and one of the Designer Travel experts will be in contact to help you arrange your perfect tailor-made break.

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Related articles

The 13 best places to visit in Turkey

Where should I travel to in Turkey? Where are the best places to visit in Turkey? We have compiled a list of the best places to visit in Turkey to help ensure that you have the most incredible trip.

We have also included some extra information regarding the best activities to try whilst in Turkey, as well as listing some of the best places to stay in Turkey to help you plan your time in this unique country a little bit easier, see it as your very own Turkey travel guide and let us help you create the trip of a lifetime!

From sun-drenched beaches to lush, forest-covered mountains, vibrant and bustling cities to ancient ruins, Turkey is a country with an incredible amount to offer.

The country boasts a startling 18 UNESCO World Heritage Sites with so many more historical places and sites set to blow your socks off in absolute awe and wonder. A country dripping in history and culture, Turkey has a complete array of stunningly beautiful places awaiting you.

We spent nine months in Turkey so we had plenty of time to visit various locations.

Some of them were mentioned in tourist guides, others were recommended by locals or we discovered them during one of our hitchhiking trips . They all marked us in a very special way and we would love to share those places with you.

Reading Tip: How much does it cost to travel to Turkey?

Disclaimer: Some of the links in this article are affiliate links. If you make a purchase through them, I’ll receive a small commission, at no extra costs for you. This way you’re helping me run this website and writing more informative and awesome guides like this. I only recommend products and services that I like and trust. Thank you!

Turkey Travel Essentials & Resources

• Turkey Travel Guide: 10 useful things to know before you go
• Where to go: 13 Beautiful Places to visit in Turkey
• Travel Costs : Turkey Budget Guide
• Tours & Experiences: City tours, guided day trips, multiple-day tours
• Visa: Visa-free or e-visa for most passports – Check the required Turkey travel documents!
• Getting there: Search for flights to Istanbul, Ankara, Antalya and Izmir in Turkey
• Where to stay : Find a room in hotels, hostels or guesthouses
• Travel Insurance: Choose the best travel insurance for Turkey
• Getting around : Rent a car in Turkey or travel by bus, train or taxi

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Where should I travel to in Turkey – The 13 best places to visit in Turkey

1. Istanbul

It’s most likely that you’ll begin your trip in the city of Istanbul , a city that straddles east and west, divided by the Bosphorus Strait that splits the city into two separate parts.

The only city in the world that can lay claim to residence on two different continents (Asia and Europe), Istanbul really is one of the most unique cities in the world. With over 2500 years of traditions, history and incredible landmarks, this city is a complete cultural melting pot.

Istanbul has been the capital of four empires and the remains of each of these empires can still be seen today. Many buildings and landmarks from Istanbul’s opulent past remain intact today and the cultural heritage of the city is highly impressive.

Go and marvel at the beautiful Hagia Sophia , a Byzantine structure that was originally built as a Christian church in the 6th century CE (532–537) under the direction of the Byzantine emperor Justinian I. In later centuries it then became a mosque, a museum, and then a mosque once more.

This building reflects the religious changes that have happened over the centuries, boasting both inscriptions of Islam as well as lavish mosaics of Christianity.

The Blue Mosque is another of the city’s world-renowned landmarks, named famously after the blue tiles that surround its walls. Built between 1609 and 1616, this building still holds high importance to the history of the Ottoman Empire.

Daily prayer services still occur in the mosque so why not go and spend some time there, say a prayer and embrace the architectural beauty.

Other top tourist attractions are the Grand Bazaar , the largest covered market in the world, the Topkapi Palace and museum where you can view the imperial collections of the Ottoman Empire and then head up the Galata Tower to take in the view of the cityscape.

Whether it’s the only destination on your list, Istanbul really is one of the best cities to visit in Turkey.

Reading Tip: Top 17 Things to do in Istanbul – Complete Istanbul City Guide

How to get to Istanbul

The easiest way to get to Istanbul is by plane. Turkish Airlines along with other major airlines have regular daily flights to this remarkable city.

Places to stay in Istanbul

There are hundreds of lovely, well-priced places to stay when visiting Istanbul. We have included a few hotels and guesthouses for less than €50/night below:

• Atlantis Royal Hotel ( check price and availability here )
• Sirkeci Ersu Hotel & SPA ( check price and availability here )
• Ahmet Efendi Konağı ( check price and availability here )

Things to do in Istanbul

We would highly recommend going on a walking tour and you can take one for FREE through Old Istanbul.

You’ll learn all about the incredible history of Istanbul and also be guided to a number of the city’s beautiful landmarks, including the ones we have mentioned above.

Read: T o p 1 7 Things to do in Istanbul

2. Bursa / Cumalikizik

Cumalikizik is a UNESCO World Heritage town, 20 minutes from Bursa.

Perched in the hills on the foot of the Uludag Mountain, the cobblestoned and narrow streets of this 700-year-old village remain largely untouched and have been well preserved.

This little village is another one of the many well-visited tourist places in Turkey, with streets lined with traditional houses, the higher you walk up, the less crowded it becomes.

The friendly reputation of the local villagers, some of who have turned their homes into family-run eateries, precedes them and draws you into this charming Ottoman hamlet, offering you a peek into the traditional Turkish way of life.

Bursa, known as ‘Yeşil Bursa’ (Green Bursa) due to the high number of parks and mountains surrounding it, was also once the capital of the Ottoman state.

How to get to Bursa

From Istanbul- A bus will take you 3 1/2-hours and cost you 15TL, just over €1.(Nilüfer Turizm/bus company) (tel. 0224/444-0099)

Things to do around Bursa

On the west side of Bursa, in the village of Çekirge are natural thermal spring baths whose fame has spread throughout the East and the source of all of them is from Mt. Olympus.

Reading Tip: 10 Useful Things to Know before Visiting Turkey

History lovers gather round, you do not want to miss out on visiting the ruins of Ephesus and the surrounding area, which was once an ancient Greek city. It’s not only the biggest area of excavation in the world but also a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Located just outside of Selçuk, it was once considered to be the most important Greek city and trading center in the Mediterranean region.

Few ancient landmarks stand quite as impressive as the ruins of this ancient city. Immerse yourself in the ancient history of this place, although thousands of years have gone by, it is nearly impossible not to be impressed by the history and remains of this once bustling city.

It’s also worth visiting the Temple of Artemis, Temple of Hadrian, and the Basilica of St John whilst in the area.

Ephesus is open to visitors every day of the week, and visiting hours may vary depending on the summer and winter seasons. The cost to enter the ruins is 60 TL (Turkish Lira) or about $10.

How to get to Ephesus

You can get to Ephesus from Selçuk by dolmuş (minibus) or taxi. They run every half hour between Selçuk bus station and the lower entrance of Ephesus archaeological site and the journey will take about 5-10 mins.

4. Pamukkale

The mineral white forests of petrified water, series of terraced warm pools of water and the numerous waterfalls that connect all these pools together make for a pretty dream-like landscape in Southwestern Turkey.

The terraces have been created from layers of travertine, white sediment that has been deposited by the hot springs that over time have solidified and become solid.

Platforms, cliffs, and terraces have been formed, entirely made up of this sediment, and you can understand why this place is called ‘cotton castle’ in Turkish, as they appear together as some kind of giant, white castle.

The temperature of the water that flows from the springs is roughly between 35 °C (95° F) to 100 °C (212° F) and you can bathe in mostly all of the 17 springs. They have been drawing visitors since the second century BC and it’s been said that Cleopatra herself bathed in these very pools.

Another one of Turkey’s impressive World Heritage Sites, this open-air spa makes for a completely unique and ancient UNESCO experience.

Reading Tip: Things to do in Pamukkale – The Complete Traveler’s Guide to Pamukkale

How to get to Pamukkale

From Istanbul: There are direct flights from Istanbul to Denizli Çardak, the nearest airport to Pamukkale. The cheapest option is then to go by shuttle bus from the airport to Denizli city’s bus station and catch a dolmuş that departs every 15-20 minutes to Pamukkale.

From Selçuk: Take a train to Denizli Çardak and then from there, take a dolmuş the same as mentioned above.

From Cappadocia: Take an overnight bus. They usually depart around 8PM and arrive the next day at 6AM.

Where to stay in Pamukkale

Read The Complete Guide to Pamukkale for our selection of best places to stay whilst visiting Pamukkale.

5. Gelemis /Patara

Gelemis is a small village completely off the beaten path and untouched by mass tourism. It’s set right at the edge of the coastline in the foothills of the gorgeous Taurus mountains and it’s the perfect place for expat artists in need of some inspiration.

Life here is organized around agriculture and apiculture (beekeeping). People grow all kinds of fruits and vegetables and the landscape is filled with small clusters of beehives.

Next to the village of Gelemis lies an 18km long stretch of beach that can be described not only as one of the most beautiful and unspoiled beaches in all of the Mediterranean but is also the second most important nesting site in Turkey for the endangered loggerhead sea turtles.

Known as Patara, this beach and the surrounding area provide you with an ideal swimming and camping destination, founded by the Lycians during the Roman Empire, it also used to be one of the most important cities and seaports on the Turkish Riviera.

Patara happens to also be the birthplace of Saint Nicholas who was also known as Nikolaos of Myra, a 4th-century Christian saint who would later give rise to the traditional model of Santa Claus. You read that right, the infamous Mr Claus.

There are no tour companies that operate in Patara and everything is local or independent from the pensions where you can stay to the eateries that are run by local families, the only cafe on the beach is run by the local authority with the profits being put back in to support the local area.

The beach remains largely untouched by commercial development due to the city’s few surviving buildings, temples, bathhouses, colonnaded streets and theatre which are incredibly interesting to explore.

Patara is also the stage for a unique cultural event that we would recommend to everyone to attend; the annual Nomadic Walk.

Every year, the people of Patara organize a 10 km walk from Delikemer to Patara where the hikers follow the old Roman aqueducts which were used to bring water from Islamlar, a small town in the mountains, to Patara.

This walk also forms part of a 509 km footpath known as the Lycian Way. If you would like to know more about this event and maybe participate, have a look at our article In the Footsteps of the Nomadic Tribes .

How to get to Patara

Patara is 230 km South-West of Antalya, the easiest way to get there is to follow the coastal highway (highway D4000) through Kaş and Kalkan.

If you’re not in the mood to see the coast and rather see gorgeous mountain landscapes, there is an alternate route that follows highway 3500.

If you’re coming from Fethiye, follow the highway D4000 south for 73 km.

Where to stay in Patara

Hotels and pensions for less than €50/night:

• St. Nicholas Pension ( check price and availability here )
• Flower Hotel Patara ( check price and availability here )

6. Myra (Demre)

Myra was an ancient Lycian town that is now known as Demre.  Most of this ancient city has disappeared and all that remains today are its incredible ruins – an enormous Roman theatre, ancient Roman baths, and two huge necropolises that are carved in the vertical rock cliffs.

If you want to experience one of the most unique places to visit in Turkey, Myra ticks that box. 

The tomb of Saint Nicholas is also housed in the center of Demren at St. Nicholas Church, an ancient East Roman basilica church, built in 520 AD. I

t is noted for its remarkable wall frescos, architectural and religious significance and after a nearby river changed its course, the church was filled with silt and was buried but the frescoes remained intact which is why it remains to be one of many great places in Turkey to visit today.

If you like to see more of this area, check out our video Santa’s Tomb .

How to get to Myra

Demre is located almost halfway between Patara and Antalya. To visit this city just follow the coastal highway (D4000) east of Patara for 87 km.

The bohemian dream of Olympos is nestled amongst lush, pine forests and is the backdrop of Antalya province’s Mediterranean coast.

This is a truly spectacular place, where overgrown Lycian ruins sit within the surrounding forests, this is the place to come if you’re seeking some peaceful tranquility.

This ancient area is under protection which means no luxury hotel or resorts have permission to build, instead you have the opportunity to strip things back to nature and spend a night staying in one of the many Kadir Tree Houses and little wooden shacks.

Olympos is also one of the nesting sites for Caretta Caretta loggerhead sea turtles along Turkey’s Southern coast and it’s important to be respectful and follow the guidelines so as to not disturb their ancient nesting cycle during your stay. 

How to get to Olympos

Olympos is located 77 km north of Demre following the coastal highway (D4000).

As you will approach Olympos the highway will start going through a very high mountain pass. If you have time we would definitely recommend stopping to enjoy the view before continuing to the ruins, it’s totally worth it.

Where to stay in Olympos

The most famous way to spend your night here is in one of the many different tree houses scattered throughout the area. Below we have listed a few other accommodation options for you to choose from:

• Kadir’s Tree Houses (Kadir’in Yeri) are the most famous in Olympos and these were built by the founder of this place Kadir Kaya, 31 years ago. Check here for availability .
• Bayrams Tree Houses sit much closer to the beach in a quieter location. Nestled next to orange and pomegranate trees, there is also a lounge and bar area, the ideal place to sit around an open fire in the evening with a cold beer. Check here for availability .

Things to do in Olympos

If you’re up for a small mountain climb, Mount Chimaera is worth visiting whilst you are in Olympus.

It’s about a one-hour walk to see Yanartaş or alternatively, you can hop on a service bus or organize a car from your accommodation.

The climb will take you another half an hour approx to reach the top of this small mountain but it’s so worth it to make it to the top where you’ll witness a very unusual sight.

Yanartaş are flames that burn on their own and never go out made from a combination of natural gases that emerge like flames from the rock, burning day and night as they enter into contact with the air.

If you head to the top, just before sunset, you’ll see the flames at their most spectacular.

There are many areas around Olympos that are great for rock climbing. One of the most well-known areas for climbing is at Kadir’s Tree Houses where you will be able to find all the necessary supplies and gear for your level.

8. The Blue LAgoon / Ölüdeniz

The Blue Lagoon in Ölüdeniz is on the list of Turkey’s top UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

The gorgeously vibrant, turquoise water within the lagoon boasts a tremendous array of different shades of blue great with a thin finger of beautiful white sand that curves around the water.

Add in a gorgeous mountainous backdrop and you’ll understand why this beach is considered to be one of the most beautiful places in Turkey and is one of the most photographed too.

For this reason, it’s important to note that it can be extremely busy with visitors.

If you’re after a more spacious way to view this site, why not consider taking to the skies and trying your hand at paragliding, soaking up the spectacular views from the air.

How to get to the Blue Lagoon

You can catch a bus from nearby Antalya, a resort town on the south coast that will take about 3.5 hours and cost you around €6.

9. The Lycian way / Fethiye to Antalya

Located on Turkey’s Tekke Peninsula, known historically as Lycia, the Lycian Way is a footpath that spans across 540 km of mountains, coastline, and valleys from Fethiye to Antalya.

A well-marked-out path takes you past many major archaeological sites, stretches of beautiful coastline and gorgeously lush pine forests and hiking the entire way would take you around a month to complete.

If you decide to walk this path, the route will take you past historical sites from the Greek culture and Roman Empires that date back to 8 BC, passing through traditional villages that seem untouched by tourism where you can find food and other supplies.

Your accommodation options whilst on this path are guest houses, village homes and basic B&Bs although, we might suggest camping as a fantastic option and depending on your location, it can be the easiest option whilst walking the Way.

It is possible to walk only parts of the way and depending on your hiking experience, you could choose the eastern part for the tougher hike especially close to Fethiye are particularly tricky.

The western part would be more suitable if you are not as experienced as this is the easier section of the way.

The best time to go would be either in the Spring March-May or in the Autumn months of September/October, that way you’re not walking in the sizzling summer heat and avoid the larger crowds of tourists.

Experiencing walking along the Lycian Way is a really special way to take in so many of the sights to see in Turkey.

Reading Tip: Cycling in Turkey – 3 Cycling Routes

How to get to the Lycian Way

The Lycian way starts in Olu Deniz, about 2 hours from the Dalaman airport and finishes in Antalya but you can find numerous access points to this path along the coast.

Since it connects the archaeological sites of Myra and Olympos, it is also very easy to access the path from these two locations.

Where to stay on the Lycian Way

We have included a link to a great website that lists a whole heap of places to stay whilst walking the Lycian Way. Find it here .

From incredible architecture, great food and some of the oldest mosques in Turkey, this is a brilliant city for you to load up on culture.

Konya is the Islamic capital of Turkey and home of the world-famous spiritual poet Rumi, known to the Turkish people as ‘Melvana’ – (the sainted one), and his tomb is kept within The Mevlana museum.

This mystic and Sufi saint loved all religions and followed his own religion which was love and his followers are known as the Whirling Dervishes.

The whirling is a form of Sama, a physically active meditation and is also called ‘Sufi spinning’. The Dervishes listen to music, whilst focusing on God and spin their body in repetitive circles, which is a symbolic imitation of the planets orbiting the sun.

This spinning dance represents a spiritual journey to enlightenment in which the Dervishes aim to reach the source of all ‘perfection’.

They seek through abandoning their egos and personal desires to find truth and cultivate inner peace so in turn, they can foster peace and world harmony.

Known as the heart and soul city, no trip would be complete without a visit to Konya, one of Turkey’s best cities.

How to get to Konya

From Istanbul or Ankara, it’s faster, more comfortable, and not much more expensive to take the high-speed train. Two trains leave daily between Istanbul and Konya, stopping at Eskişehir where you will have to change trains, taking in total about 4.5 hours.

If traveling by plane, Turkish Airlines has several flights each day between Istanbul and Konya.

Driving or hitchhiking – If you are coming from Antalya, follow the highway D4000 until you are in Kizilagac. From there take the D695 north and follow it until it becomes the highway D696. Continue following this road and you will arrive in Konya. The total distance from Antalya to Konya is 304 km.

Where to stay in Konya

Below, we’ve listed a few choices for accommodation whilst visiting Konya. Hotels and guesthouses for less than €50/night:

• Araf Hotel: see here for availability
• Rumi Hotel: check here for availability
• Bera Konya Hotel: see here for availability and prices

Things to do in Konya

If you want to truly experience the essence of Konya, take yourself to see an authentic Sema ceremony and watch the Whirling Dervishes perform.

The ceremony is a free event that takes place every Saturday night at 7 pm at the Mevlana Cultural Center and we would advise that you head there early to get yourself a seat with a great view.

Each show lasts about two hours and it’s a wonder to see.

11. Cappadocia

High on the Anatolian plateau, Cappadocia’s curious landscape resembles that of a fantasy world.

The rugged mountains, vast plains, and the formation of its valleys and landscape have been shaped by the frequent eruption of three volcanoes and created from layers of deposits of lava, volcanic ash and basalt.

Earthquakes and effects of erosion have contributed to the creation of Cappadocia’s famous ‘fairy chimneys, tall cone-shaped honey-colored rocks that have been slowly eroded into stunning sculptural forms that resemble minarets.

The history of Cappadocia is as rich and remarkable as its landscape. The first dwellers in this region were troglodytes or cave dwellers during the Bronze Age who carved out cave houses, churches and monasteries from this soft volcanic rock, creating settlements underground.

The cave houses were then used later on in history by Christians fleeing Roman persecution. Nowadays, locals in Cappadocia now inhabit many of these cave houses and treat them as their permanent homes.

Cappadocia is one of the best places in Turkey for families to meet in a unique tourist environment, a place for you to make some memories of a lifetime.

If you thought that the views were spectacular from the ground, imagine the mesmerizing view from 3200 feet above the ground in a hot air balloon?

Watch more about Konya and Cappadocia in the video Dancing Dervishes and Hot Air Balloons .

How to get to Cappadocia

Turkish Airlines has daily flights from Istanbul, Antalya, and Izmir to the Nevşehir airport. From there, there is a bus that leaves from the airport at the top of every hour called the Tüzköy minibus.

This bus will take you to Gülşehir and from there you can catch a local city bus into the main city center of Cappadocia.

Where to stay in Cappadocia

• BUDGET: Old Town Stone House ( see availability here )
• MID RANGE: Lunar Cappadocia Hotel ( check prices here )
• LUXURY: Sultan Cave Suites ( find more info here )

What to do in Cappadocia

Voted as one of the best destinations in the world for hot air ballooning, Cappadocia attracts people from all over the world who want to set sail up into the clouds and take in the wonder of its incredible landscape from the sky.

If you choose a sunrise trip, you will be taken up for one hour over the fairy chimneys, orchards, and vineyards.

It’s wise to reserve your ticket ahead of time during the high season and the cheapest tickets for a standard flight are sold for about €90.

12. Sumela Monastery, Trabzon

Nestled in a cliff, 1200 meters above sea level is where you’ll find the Sumela Monastery in Trabzon province on Turkey’s Black Sea coast, which is said to be more than a thousand years old.

This Greek Orthodox Ministry, built in the year 346 AD holds both cultural and historical significance and is a prominent tourist attraction.

Dedicated to the Virgin Mary, built to house an icon of her that was believed to possess miraculous properties. Built high into a cliff, access to the building is via a steep path through the forest and then via a narrow stairway.

The principal areas of the Monastery are the Rock Church, kitchens, students’ rooms, a library, several chapels as well as a holy water fountain.

Both the inside and outside walls of the church have been covered in intricate and detailed frescoes that depict biblical scenes from the lives of the Virgin Mary and Jesus Christ.

The murals of the chapel were painted in three different periods, on three different levels with most of those that are visible today dating back to the 18th century.

In 2000 the Monastery was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List and has been closed to the public since 2015 for safety reasons, however, the site was partially reopened in July 2020 after the completion of major restoration works.

This part of North-Eastern Turkey is quite unique with nearby Trabzon not only lying close to the Black Sea but also the epic Pontic Mountains passing through it, it’s an area of Turkey that has been sprinkled with bouts of silence and a lot of beauty.

How to get to the SUmela Monastery in Trabzon

From Trabzon, you should be able to get a dolmuş (pronounced dol-moosh) direct from the east-bound dolmus station located along the highway.

They leave twice a day at 11 AM and 2 PM in the summer.

Reading Tip: 10 Best Non-Touristy Cities to visit in Turkey

Artvin sits by the Black Sea, on the border of Georgia, and is yet another one of the beautiful places to visit in Turkey.

Surrounded by mountains, some reaching 4,000 metres, it’s dreamlike landscape carved by the Çoruh River (one of the longest-running in Turkey) is full of rock formations, steep valleys and forests of tall pine trees that will completely mesmerize all who visit.

This is a truly breathtaking place and among the wonders that everyone should see at least once.

This part of Turkey is also the area where you can find the Laz people. It’s a culture that has its very own language, called Laz that has been classified by UNESCO as an endangered language.

The Laz people have their own traditions, one of them involves the Tulum, a form of Turkish bagpipe that people dance the Horon to.

I visited this gorgeous place and met Evrim, the owner of a hostel there (see below) who is a descendant of the Laz people of Turkey.

I also had the honor of meeting Evrim’s father who told me all about the history and culture of the Laz people, recited some beautiful Laz poems and taught me some Laz words too.

How to get to Artvin

The fastest and easiest way to get there from Istanbul is to follow the highways E80 and E70 east. The road is long (1219 km) but you will see some of the most scenic landscapes that we have seen in Turkey.

You can fly from Istanbul to Erzurum (1hr 45 flight) and then from there you can take a bus (3h 36m bus) from Erzurum Otogar that leaves 5 times a day.

Where to stay in Artvin

Bageni Pansiyon is the perfect place to spend some time day gazing at the green valley below and the ocean in the distance.

Things to do in Artvin

The most popular reason for visiting and exploring this area is for its natural beauty and the various trekking and hiking opportunities on offer.

Mount Kaçkar is one of the highest mountains in Turkey and is the most popular trekking route.

The Trans-Kaçkar route that takes you through Yusufeli Yaylalar Village to Rize – Çamlıhemşin Ayder Highlands is another option for avid trekkers and mountaineering groups.

Visitors also travel here to try out some of the more adventurous activities to do in Turkey such as skiing, rafting and canoeing.

We really hope this article has helped you plan for your trip and that you’re no longer asking the question of, ‘where should I travel to in Turkey?’.

We have tried our very hardest to cover what we believe to be the best places to visit in Turkey and the top things to do whilst you are there. Wishing you the most magical of trips!

Don’t forget to check out the articles below, in which we tell you everything you need to know about this beautiful destination!

MORE TURKEY TRAVEL POSTS

• The 13 beautiful and unique places to visit in Turkey
• 10 best non-touristy cities to visit in Turkey
• 10 useful things to know to visit Turkey
• The complete guide to the miraculous pools of Pamukkale
• Top 17 things to do in Istanbul
• Backpacking in Turkey on a budget – How much does it cost to travel in Turkey
• Is Turkey dangerous? This is what we’ve learned so far!
• In the Footsteps of the Nomadic Tribes
• 25 photos that will trigger your wanderlust for Turkey
• What happens when you overstay your visa in Turkey
• One year of hitchhiking – the good, the bad, and the untold stories. Part 2: Turkey
• Cycling in Turkey: 3 great routes

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25 thoughts on “the 13 best places to visit in turkey”.

Thanks ! Was a great Post !

Thank you Kevin!

Hey! Loved the post and Im planning my trip. Whats the name and place of the hostel in Rize/Artvin?

Hi Hibbe, thank you so much! The name of this hostel is Bageni Pansiyon and it’s located in the mountains near the village of Findikli. You can find more info and the exact address of this hostel here: https://www.facebook.com/bagenipansiyon/

I came here as an aupair in 2017 and it is totally different than I thought. Turkey is a lovely country and thanks aupairinturkey, the agency in Turkey I had a chance to discover this country. You sohuld all visit here and people are so friendly

Thank you! We are visiting Turkey next week and want to avoid all of the conflict. We have based our trip on your itinerary and are looking forward to it (not hitting everything).

Hi Laura, very happy to hear you used this post as inspiration for your trip! Which places are you going to visit? Have a great trip and enjoy!!

Living in Turkey, this post put a big smile on my face. You’ve visited a diverse range of places and had some great experiences. We have a lot of dots to visit on our map of Turkey. The list keeps getting longer, regardless of how many places we visit. So when I read your post about overstaying on your visa, I could easily relate how that happened. Wishing you happy travels to come!

Hi Pascale! Your comment puts a smile on my face 🙂 Turkey has so many beautiful places and has so many varied experiences to offer! We still want to return to visit some places and regions that we had to skip last time. I can imagine that your list is only growing 😀 Where in Turkey are you based? Wishing you a great time exploring the country and ticking of your list 😀 Warm wishes!

Hi Cynthia, thank you for your kind wishes. We’re currently based in Faralya, which is near Fethiye. We do have plans to move around though!

thanks for the advice. what is effes?

Effes is a Turkish beer, I like it (and I’m from Belgium… 😉 )

Turkey has been on my radar after seeing so many beautiful pictures on Instagram. I would love to go on a hot air balloon in Cappadoci one day! And Pamukkale looks absolutely stunning!

You’ve discovered so many beautiful gems!! What’s your favorite??? I’m bookmarking this for when I take a trip to Turkey! I’d love to go to Pamukkale and Cappadocia most especially! And maybe ride on a hot air balloon! What a dream!

Woow! That’s one hell of an article. I loved every bit of it! I really like Turky, but i’ve been only to Istanbul so far. I really want to see each and every place you wrote about here and hopefully even more. Good luck on your trip! I admire u deeply! 🙂

Thank you Nastja 🙂 Turkey is a surprisingly varied ranging from fantastic beaches to stunning archaeological sites. Hope you go back there one day to explore more of this beautiful country!! 🙂

I was completely hooked to your post right from your first picture of Myra (and I ended up researching a lot about it later on). I have spent such little time in Turkey and I think it’s a shame. Bookmarking this post for planning my adventures there 🙂

Thanks!! Myra is definitely worth a visit! Where did you stay when you visited Turkey?

Turkey is a wonderland and all of these places that you have listed look breathtaking. Turkey has been in my bucket list since a long time and now I can’t wait to add these places in my bucket list. Amazing!

Pack your bags and go there NOW 🙂 We were very pleasant surprised when we discovered all these beautiful places that Turkey has to offer!!

All of these places look simply incredible, most of which I’d never heard of before! Patara and Myra remind me a lot of different archaeological sites in Jordan. I suppose given their geographical proximity they must share a little bit of history right? Also, I’ve never actually seen a photo of Cappadocia without balloons in it so haven’t ever fully appreciated the landscape. It definitely looks absolutely breathtaking!

Yes, Patara and Myra have definitely a similar look to the sites in Jordan. Cappadocia might be famous for its hot air balloon rides but we didn’t think that was the highlight of our visit there. That landscape is so outworldy and is beautiful to see with and without balloons 😉

Great post Nicholas, You posted covered almost all the must see sites Turkey. Love it. I must say that I had thought of visiting Turkey one day but the pictures from Myra, Pamukkale and Cappadocia are simply stunning. More interesting than the capital Istanbul, which everyone talks about.

Thanks man! We first had the idea to visit Istanbul but eventually never made it there. Instead we ventured through other parts of the country and we’re happy we did or we might have missed out on these beauties!

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Turkey Travel Guide

From the postcard-perfect beaches and mountain ranges, to its charming cobblestone streets that are perfect for sipping tea and having baklava.

Best time to visit Turkey

How to travel on a budget 11 tips, best places to visit in turkey, best things to do in cappadocia: a guide to the hot air balloons, best things to do in fethiye: turkey’s turquoise coast, istanbul’s must-see: the colorful houses of balat, 7 best things to do in kas, turkey, map of turkey, weather in turkey.

Turkey boasts diverse weather! Coastal areas enjoy a Mediterranean climate with hot summers, perfect for beach lovers. The inland areas experience continental weather, with cold winters and hot summers. Spring and fall are generally ideal nationwide, offering pleasant temperatures for sightseeing. So there's a perfect season for every Turkish adventure!

All destinations

11 best things to do in istanbul, turkey, best things to do in antalya, turkey (old town), best travel insurances, how to plan a trip.

• Find Hotels via Booking.com
• Find Hostels via Hostelworld
• Find a Rental Car via Sunny Cars
• Find Flights to Turkey via Skyscanner
• Get a Travel Insurance via Heymondo
• Book Tours & Attractions via GetYourGuide
• Book a Bus/Train/Transfer via 12Go
• Get a Visa via iVisa
• How to pack light for your trip
• How to plan your trip our tips

Why is Turkey worth visiting?

From the lively city of Istanbul to the fairy-tale landscapes of Cappadocia , there are countless reasons to visit Turkey. With breathtaking scenery, rich history, intricate architecture, pristine beaches, and exceptional shopping, Turkey offers diverse experiences catering to every type of traveler.

Is Turkey cheap to visit?

Turkey boasts affordability that’s hard to match. Because it’s straddling both Asia and Europe, it’s much cheaper than many other nearby destinations. With free sightseeing opportunities, budget-friendly stays, and delectable street food, Turkey is a great European destination for those wanting to save some pennies!

Can I drink tap water in Turkey?

In major cities in Turkey, tap water is safe and refreshing to drink. However, sticking to drinking filtered water in more remote areas is advisable. Bring a reusable water bottle to keep hydrated on the go while being environmentally friendly.

Do I need a visa for traveling in Turkey?

Entry regulations vary by nationality; some countries, like the UK, France, and the Netherlands, enjoy visa-free stays for 90 days. However, citizens from countries such as Australia, Canada, South Africa, and the USA require an e-visa for a 90-day visit. Make sure to check your entry requirements in advance.

What language do they speak in Turkey?

Turkish is the primary language spoken throughout Turkey. While English is commonly used in tourist areas, having a grasp of basic Turkish phrases can enhance your cultural experience and foster connections with locals during your travels.

Do I need travel insurance for Turkey?

A vital necessity for every journey, travel insurance safeguards against medical emergencies and unforeseen travel disruptions, granting you the freedom to explore Vietnam with peace of mind. Discover the optimal travel insurance for a worry-free adventure.

Is Turkey safe?

Turkey is generally safe for travelers, but as always, take standard precautions. While some areas are best avoided, these are typically off the tourist path. Exercise common sense, and you’ll find warmth and hospitality in this captivating nation.

What power plug type does Turkey have?

Turkey predominantly uses the Type F plug with two round pins. Pack or buy an adapter at the airport to keep your devices charged as you explore the enchanting landscapes and historical wonders.

Why do people love Turkey?

It’s the allure of contrasts, from bustling markets to serene beaches, ancient ruins, and vibrant bazaars. Turkey is a country that has it all: mouth-watering food, mesmerizing landscapes, rich history, and crazy adventures.

Travel to Turkey 

A vast country straddling two continents, Europe and Asia, Turkey is a captivating blend of history, culture, and breathtaking landscapes. From the sun-kissed turquoise coastline home to beautiful boutique hotels to Istanbul’s lively bazaars selling everything you could ever think of and more, traveling Turkey promises to be full of adventure!

How to plan your trip to Turkey

To plan the ultimate adventure, check out our Turkey travel guides ! Whether you’re looking for a beach break along the Turkish Riviera or backpacking around the country, our guides have you covered with everything you need to know for an unforgettable holiday in Turkey . 

To discover the best places in Turkey , we’d recommend staying for at least 2 weeks to experience a mix of fantastic beaches and to see the breathtaking balloons over Capadoccia . But if you have longer, make sure to visit Istanbul to explore the beautiful, colorful houses of Balat and enjoy lots of delicious street food. 

Planning an extraordinary vacation in Turkey ? Discover more about Turkey’s weather to choose the ideal time to explore this unique country! 

Spring & Autumn: For those seeking pleasant weather and fewer crowds, April to May and September to October would be the perfect time to visit for your Turkey holiday . During these months, temperatures range from 20°C to 30°C, providing a comfortable environment to explore Turkey’s rich array of ancient sites. Additionally, this period brings festivals, with the International Istanbul Film Festival in April and the International Wine Festival in Cappadocia at the end of October, among others. 

Summer: If you’re a beach lover looking for sun and sand, the summer is the best time to visit Turkey , with the Turquoise Coast offering a haven for relaxation and swimming. However, avoid these peak summer months if you plan to explore historical sites, as the temperatures can soar, making it less enjoyable for outdoor activities. 

Winter: If you prefer a more serene experience, consider visiting during the winter months from November to March. While coastal areas may be closed due to the cold weather, it’s an excellent time to explore areas like Cappadocia , adorned with a snowy landscape creating breathtaking panoramas. January to March is particularly quiet, providing a unique opportunity to have destinations to yourself, although make sure to wrap up warm! 

In essence, the best time to visit Turkey depends on your interests. Whether you prefer spring’s lively colors, summer’s warmth, or winter’s tranquility, Turkey has something to offer year-round.

Coastlines and beaches in Turkey

Turkey’s 7,200 km coast unfolds with a diverse array of pristine shores and picturesque landscapes, the most prominent being the Turquoise Coast in southwest Turkey. 

Starting at Bodrum, a hotspot for holidaymakers, catering to a diverse range of beachgoers. Whether it’s the lively atmosphere of Gumbet Beach, the upscale vibes of Yalikavak, or the historic charm mixed with the modern allure of Bitez Beach, Bodrum has something for everyone.

Further along the coast is the enchanting town of Fethiye , arguably the hidden gem of the Turquoise Coast and one of the best places to visit in Turkey . Make sure to stop by Ölüdeniz nearby, renowned for its iconic destinations, Butterfly Valley, a natural marvel with a crazy drop to a white-sand beach, mainly visited by boat, and the Blue Lagoon, a hotspot for paragliders and water sports. 

If you’re a wildlife lover, Patara Beach near Gelemiş is the perfect stretch of coastline for bird watching and the chance to see the protected loggerhead turtles. As one of the longest sandy beaches in the Mediterranean, Patara Beach is backed by giant sand dunes and ancient ruins, offering a serene and historically rich environment.

For those seeking a beach with dramatic scenery, Kaputaş Beach near Kas is a must-visit. Hemmed in by steep cliffs, the beach features dazzling emerald waters and fine golden sand, creating a postcard-worthy setting for sunbathing and relaxation.

Near the end of the Turquoise Coast is Antalya , with many beaches to choose from. Nestled in the heart of the old town, Mermerli Beach offers a blend of history and relaxation. Konyaaltı Beach provides a lively atmosphere with cafes, shops, and stunning views of the Taurus Mountains. For a unique coastal spectacle, visit Lower Duden Waterfall (yes, there are two parts to this waterfall!) and watch it cascade into the ocean, creating a captivating natural display.

Food, culture and religion in Turkey 

Turkey, a country bridging continents, promises breathtaking landscapes and a delightful blend of flavors, religious influence, and cultural spectacles ready to be explored!

Cuisine: Prepare your taste buds for a Turkish feast that’s nothing short of a flavor fiesta! Turkish cuisine is a delightful mishmash of Ottoman, Middle Eastern, Central Asian, and Mediterranean influences, with each region having its own specialties. Dive into juicy kebabs, tempting mezes, and flaky baklava. Wander through vibrant bazaars, a sensory overload of spices, fruits, and sweets. And, of course, don’t miss out on the iconic Turkish breakfast – a feast of olives, cheeses, tomatoes, and more, ensuring you start your day on a delicious note.

Religion: With the majority of the population being Muslim, Turkey’s landscape is dotted with mosques that are not just places of worship but architectural wonders. The Blue Mosque in Istanbul is a showstopper, standing tall against the skyline. Despite being a secular state, the Islamic religion weaves seamlessly into daily life, with the soothing calls to prayer echoing through the streets. 

Culture: Turkey’s culture is shaped by its vast history. Areas like Istanbul , Ankara, and Cappadocia are living museums, showcasing architectural marvels such as Blue Mosque and Hagia Sophia. Beyond architecture, traditional Turkish arts like calligraphy and miniature painting tell stories, and vibrant ceramics add creativity to the cultural landscape. 

Why You Should Travel to Turkey

Turkey has an irresistible blend of diverse things to do in Turkey, making it a must-visit destination for any type of traveler! 

Picture yourself soaring high on a scenic hot air balloon flight over the mesmerizing landscapes of Cappadocia, where fairy-tale-like rock formations and ancient cave dwellings create a surreal panorama—or relaxing in mineral-rich thermal waters at the cotton candy castle of Pamukkale. Turkey’s one-of-a-kind scenery is unmatched! 

For those seeking sun-soaked relaxation, Turkey boasts beautiful beaches along its stunning coastline, the perfect place to unwind with crystal-clear waters and golden sands. Or, if you’re more of a foodie, the country’s culinary scene is out of this world! With delicious cuisine that reflects its rich cultural heritage, from kebabs to baklava and huge breakfast spreads, eating local is a must! 

Venture into the heart of bustling markets and bazaars, and you’ll discover why Turkey is hailed for having the best shopping in Europe – make sure to leave enough space in your suitcase for the flight home! And once you’re all shopped out, head to a traditional Hamam, an unusual yet rejuvenating spa experience involving several cleansing rituals. 

Safety and travel advice in Turkey 

A vacation in Turkey promises to be full of amazing sights and experiences, but it’s essential to be prepared and aware to ensure a safe trip. The information below will help travelers get the most out of their adventure. 

Crime and Safety in Turkey : Turkey is generally safe for travelers, but petty theft can occur, especially in major cities and tourist hotspots, so exercise caution by securing your valuables and leaving non-essential items at home. Avoid isolated areas at night and prioritize well-lit, populated spots. There is a risk of terrorism, but mainly in areas that travelers don’t tend to visit. Make sure to follow the advice of local authorities and always stay vigilant. 

Find out more about travel safety.

Natural Disasters: While natural disasters are infrequent, Turkey can experience flooding, forest fires, and earthquakes. Stay informed by registering with your embassy and following directions of local authorities should a natural disaster occur. 

Driving in Turkey: Turkey’s roads can be busy and chaotic in populated areas and poorly maintained in remote, rural areas. Whether navigating through city traffic or taking in landscapes on quiet rural roads, always drive carefully, focus on the road, and stop if you get tired. 

Tip: Make sure to carry cash for toll roads, as many still don’t accept cards and will make you turn back. 

Travel Insurance: Prioritize your safety for all your travels by purchasing travel insurance. While Turkey is generally safe, unexpected events like accidents, flight disruptions, or baggage loss can occur. Having suitable travel insurance provides peace of mind and financial protection, ensuring you have a worry-free trip. Check out the best travel insurance for you.

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15 Amazing Places to Visit in Turkey: A Gateway to Astonishing Adventures

Exploring turkey: a journey through time and beauty.

As the sun kisses the horizon in Turkey, the land awakens to a symphony of cultures, history, and landscapes that promise an adventure like no other. From the bustling bazaars of Istanbul to the lunar landscapes of Cappadocia, Turkey is a treasure trove waiting to be explored. Join us as we embark on a journey through 15 of the most breathtaking destinations that make Türkiye Tours an unforgettable escapade.

1. Istanbul: Where East Meets West

Istanbul, a city that straddles two continents, offers an enchanting blend of history and modernity. The majestic Hagia Sophia and the Blue Mosque stand as testaments to the city’s rich past, while bustling markets like the Grand Bazaar invite you into a colorful world of spices and crafts.

2. Cappadocia: Fairy Chimneys and Balloon-Filled Skies

Awaken to a surreal landscape dotted with fairy chimneys and cave dwellings in Cappadocia. A hot air balloon ride at dawn offers a magical perspective of this otherworldly terrain, painting a memory that lasts a lifetime.

3. Ephesus: Echoes of Ancient Civilizations

Step back in time as you wander through the ruins of Ephesus, one of the greatest ancient cities of the Mediterranean. The Library of Celsus and the Great Theatre are just a glimpse into the grandeur of what was once a bustling metropolis.

4. Pamukkale: Cotton Castles and Thermal Pools

Pamukkale, known for its ethereal terraces of mineral-rich thermal waters, offers a spa experience like no other. The gleaming white calcite shelves, resembling snow-covered hills, create a stunning contrast against the blue skies.

5. Antalya: Turquoise Coast’s Jewel

Nestled on the stunning Turquoise Coast, Antalya is a paradise for beach lovers and history buffs alike. Explore the charming Old Town (Kaleiçi) or take a dip in the crystal-clear waters of beaches like Kaputaş and Lara.

6. Ankara: The Heart of Anatolia

As the nation’s capital, Ankara boasts a rich historical tapestry reflected in sites like Anıtkabir and the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations. Its modern vibe complements its ancient roots, making it a fascinating stop.

7. İzmir: Aegean Charm

With its beautiful seafront promenade, vibrant markets, and remnants of ancient Agora, İzmir encapsulates the spirit of the Aegean. Don’t miss a visit to the nearby ancient city of Smyrna.

8. Bodrum: Aegean Riviera’s Crown

Bodrum, with its whitewashed houses and azure bays, is a picture-perfect seaside getaway. The imposing Castle of St. Peter provides a historical backdrop to this modern-day retreat.

9. Trabzon: The Jewel of the Black Sea

Experience the lush landscapes and rich heritage of Trabzon, where the stunning Sumela Monastery clings to the cliffs, offering breathtaking views and a peek into the area’s Byzantine past.

10. Safranbolu: Ottoman Time Capsule

Safranbolu’s well-preserved Ottoman architecture transports you to a bygone era. Wander through its historic streets and marvel at the intricately designed houses and charming cafes.

11. Mardin: Mesopotamian Balcony

Perched on a hill overlooking the plains of Mesopotamia, Mardin is renowned for its sandstone architecture and panoramic views. The city’s maze of narrow alleys leads to hidden courtyards and ancient churches.

12. Konya: Whirling Dervishes and Mystic Traditions

Konya, the heartland of Sufism, invites you to delve into the mystical world of Rumi and the whirling dervishes. The Mevlana Museum is a must-visit for those seeking spiritual insight.

13. Göbekli Tepe: The World’s First Temple

Göbekli Tepe challenges our understanding of early civilization with its massive stone pillars and ancient carvings, predating Stonehenge by millennia. It’s a testament to human ingenuity and spirituality.

14. Mount Nemrut: The Gods’ Throne

The colossal stone heads of Mount Nemrut, part of a 1st-century tomb-sanctuary, offer a surreal experience, especially at sunrise or sunset when the sky’s changing colors breathe life into these ancient faces.

15. Kaş: Underwater Wonders and Lycian Charm

Kaş, a serene coastal town, is not only known for its laid-back atmosphere but also for its fascinating underwater ruins and proximity to the ancient Lycian cities like Xanthos and Patara.

Adventurer’s FAQ

What’s the best time to visit turkey.

Spring (April to May) and autumn (September to November) offer pleasant weather, fewer crowds, and the natural beauty of Turkey in full bloom.

Is Turkey safe for travelers?

Turkey is generally safe for tourists, but as with any destination, it’s wise to stay informed about current events and practice common sense safety measures.

Can I explore Turkey on a budget?

Absolutely! Turkey offers a range of accommodations and experiences to suit every budget. Street food, public transport, and many attractions are quite affordable.

What should I pack for a Turkey adventure?

Comfortable walking shoes, a hat, sunscreen, a versatile scarf or shawl, and layers for varying climates are essential. Don’t forget your camera to capture the countless wonders!

Dreams of Distant Lands

As we conclude our journey through Turkey’s awe-inspiring landscapes and historic marvels, remember that every cobbled street, every echoing ruin, and every sunset-lit valley tells a story. Turkey beckons with open arms, promising adventures that resonate with the soul and whisper of the tales yet untold. Until we meet on these enchanted paths, keep dreaming of distant lands and the stories they hold.

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27 Iconic Things To Do In Turkey For First Timers

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I just got back from an epic road trip through Turkey , and holy crap, this country has so many things to do and see that it blew my little American mind!

I’ve gathered my thoughts, learned from my mistakes what works and what doesn’t, and put together a list of my favorite things from the trip – ideas to get you started!

I’ve also included a few road trip travel tips around safety, when, and where to go .

Table of Contents

Things To Do In Turkey

To start us off, the first 18 things to do in Turkey will be the iconic highlights, the historic, the Instagram-worthy – mostly outside of Istanbul.

The next 9 things are all in and around Istanbul because the city is a mood of its own. And there are a couple of surprises at the end – my little gem favorites!

1. Take a Balloon Ride in Cappadocia

One of the unique things to do in Turkey is to take a hot air balloon ride over Cappadocia at sunrise. After all, these balloon rides are the symbol of the region for a reason, and I’m telling you from experience – it’s unforgettable!

This area of Turkey is famous for its strange rock formations, known as “fairy chimneys”, and the best way to see these odd masses of rock is from above. Of course, the balloons themselves are a sight to behold. With their vivid colors and hugeness, they add an element of childlike fun to the experience, and it feels surreal to be up in the air surrounded by other floating giants.

Plan on staying at least 2-3 days max in Cappadocia in case the weather and wind shift and the aviation association won’t let balloons fly on the day you book. There are wonderful hiking trails around, as well as a Turkish Bath and other activities in the town to occupy the time.

📍 Where To Stay

The center of all the tours and hikes in Cappadocia is the town of Goreme. The town is set up for tourism and there are plenty of wonderful boutique hotels, as well as bed and breakfasts and hostels.

➡️ Butterfly Hot Air Balloons are known to fly the highest compared to other companies – I highly recommend them!

2. Experience a Turkish Bath

Nothing I can write will prepare you for a Turkish Bath experience, so I will attempt to inform you as much as possible while still leaving a little mystery to reflect on. Often called a hammam, these baths are a traditional way of treating oneself in Turkish culture.

The experience usually starts with a steam room, where you can sit and sweat out all the toxins in your body. This is followed by vigorous scrubbing with a coarse cloth, which exfoliates the skin and leaves you feeling like a newborn baby bum. Finally, you finish off with a dip in a cool pool or shower. And before you ask, yes, you are nakey naked except for one little towelette.

Note: The part that surprises everyone is that all of these steps are done for you (and to you) by a professional. When was the last time someone bathed, scrubbed, and wrapped you like a baby!?

While it may sound like a lot of work, a Turkish bath is actually quite relaxing and is an excellent way to experience the local culture. Almost every city has a Turkish bath, but a few of my favorites are in Istanbul, Antalya, and Izmir. The prices will range drastically from $40 – $160. While the treatment is the same, the facilities are the factor to consider here.

➡️ I went with this Turkish Bath Experience in a 600-year-old bath house in Istanbul!

3. Wander Through the Ruins of Ephesus

A visit to the ruins of Ephesus should definitely be on your list, especially if you are considering taking a trip down the west Mediterranean coast of Turkey. This ancient city was once one of the most powerful and influential in the ancient world, and today its ruins provide a fascinating glimpse into the past.

A few fun facts I learned on my tour:

• Ephesus is where Cleopatra and Marc Antoni went on their honeymoon
• The Gospel of John was likely written here
• The city was a booming commercial hub founded in the 3rd century BC, bringing together Greeks, Romans, and Egyptians alike before malaria and war finally took it down
• There was a secret tunnel from the library to the whore house right across the street from the photo below ( the more you know! )

This place is quite possibly even cooler than visiting Pompeii in Italy. Wander through the streets and marvel at the huge amphitheater, where chariot races and gladiatorial battles once took place. Or explore the baths, which were used by Roman citizens to relax and socialize. It’s surreal!

Where To Stay

You can’t stay in Ephesus, so most people (myself included) drive from a nearby town they are staying in. Towns like Izmir, Kusadasi, and Selcuk are popular spots to stay in.

➡️ Highly recommend this Walking Tour to explain all the history and secrets!

4. Sample Turkish Coffee & Tea

When in Turkey, do as the locals do and enjoy a little piece of Turkish culture at the same time! I am not exaggerating when I tell you the Turks drink coffee and tea like it’s a religion, at least 5+ times a day.

Turkish coffee is made with very finely ground coffee beans and boiled water. It’s then served in small cups with a layer of foam on top. When you take a sip, you’ll notice the distinct flavor of the coffee beans as well as the sweetness from the sugar that’s added during brewing. Turkish coffee is a must-try for any coffee lover visiting Turkey.

Turkish tea is its equally strong partner! Brewed with loose leaves and boiling water, it’s typically served in a small glass. Sugar is added to taste, and the tea is often enjoyed alongside small snacks like Turkish Delight (or in many cases a cigarette – lots of people smoke in Turkey).

Travel Tip: When you take your first sip, you’ll notice a slightly bitter flavor. Don’t worry – the taste grows on you, and before long you’ll be addicted to this delicious national beverage.

5. Snack on Baklava & Turkish Delights

As stated above, there are two things you absolutely have to try with your Turkish coffee: baklava and Turkish Delight. Baklava is a sweet pastry made from layers of filo dough filled with chopped nuts and held together with syrup or honey. It’s rich and sweet, and the perfect way to end a meal.

Turkish Delight, on the other hand, is a chewy candy made from gelatin, sugar, and flavoring. It’s often dusted with powdered sugar and sometimes contains nuts or fruit. Both baklava and Turkish Delight are available throughout Turkey, you can see brightly lit stores lined with these colorful treats everywhere in the cities, so be sure to give them a try!

Did You Know: Cold Baklava and hot Turkish Coffee are a thing?! I don’t know if it’s because I come from Romania, but I always thought Baklava was supposed to be eaten warm. I stand corrected!

6. Swim the Thermal Pools of Pamukkale

Pamukkale is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Turkey . Its name means “cotton castle” in Turkish, and it is easy to see why: the white travertine deposits that line the cliff create a fairy-tale landscape of little pools. Now, there are a few natural pools like these in the world, but you know what – this one is stunning!

You can swim in the thermal waters, which are said to have healing properties or explore the ruins of the ancient city of Hierapolis. With its stunning landscapes and rich history, Pamukkale is a must-see for anyone visiting Turkey.

This little spot seems to be in the middle of nowhere, sort of out of the way of everything, but I do recommend staying near Pammukale so you don’t have to drive hours in and out of this spot. That said, Kusadasi and Ephesus (the town of Selcuk) are probably the nearest other spots on this list – pair them together if you’re on a road trip!

➡️ This is a great Tour of Pamukkale and Hierapolis including lunch & a private guide!

7. Hike Up Mt. Nemrut

Every year, thousands of people make the pilgrimage to the summit of Mount Nemrut to see the statues of ancient kings. The journey to the top is not an easy one, but it is well worth the effort. The trail is well-marked and relatively steep, but hikers are rewarded with some of the most incredible views in all of Turkey.

At the summit, visitors can explore the ancient ruins of a once-great city and see some of the world’s most impressive head statues – think Easter Island, but on top of a huge mountain. Mount Nemrut is an unforgettable experience and one of the things that makes Turkey such a special place.

Fun Fact: The statues represent a mix of Roman, Persian, and Armenian gods, and they are believed to have been built to honor the king who ruled in that region. He was trying to represent all the different Gods as equal on either side of the mountain in an attempt to keep the peace. As history has it, peace did not last.

Although I did not do this activity on my own on this road trip, I was advised by locals to do the trick with a tour group for a few reasons: the starting point is further east than you might imagine and it’s quite a logistical feat to get there – driving or flying is advised. Furthermore, it’s more informative and safe to hike this mountain with locals and fellow trekkers!

➡️ My Cappadocia host recommended this 3-Day Tour to Mt. Nemrut !

8. Hike Through Butterfly Valley

One of my favorite places on this road trip was Butterfly Valley, which is located in the southwestern part of the country. The hike itself is fairly easy, and there are plenty of places to rest or camp along the way. Plus, you’ll have the chance to see some amazing wildlife up close. The valley is home to a number of plants and animals, making it a great place to explore.

The best place to stay here is somewhere around the town of Oludeniz, which is the center of tourism in the area, and for a good reason – it’s beautiful. If you’re looking for a more low-key spot to stay, I recommend somewhere near Kabak Beach. It’s best if you have a car and can explore different hikes around the Butterfly Valley.

Travel Tip: Sadly, if you’re looking for the butterflies, they have all gone due to over-tourism and people mucking up their habitat. The hikes along the cliffside are still stunning, just set your expectations around butterflies.

9. Paraglide Over Oludeniz & The Blue Lagoon

Turkey is a land of stunning natural beauty, and there are few things more thrilling than paragliding over the country’s famous turquoise waters. Oludeniz, located in southwest Turkey, is one of the most popular spots for paragliding, snorkeling, and hiking, and it’s not hard to see why.

The views are simply breathtaking, and there’s nothing quite like soaring over the famous Blue Lagoon. If you’re looking for an adrenaline-pumping activity to add to your travels, paragliding in Oludeniz is definitely it. There are quite a few vendors as you walk around the town offering paragliding, below is what I booked.

All of the tours and tourist attractions are in the town of Oludeniz itself, so I recommend staying there or nearby. If you’re looking for a more low-key place, the neighboring Kayakoy town 15 minutes away offers cute lodging at a more budget price – but it’s still fancy!

➡️ I booked with this Paragliding Company , and it was WOW!

10. Sail Around the Turkish Riviera

One of the more unique ways to explore Turkey is by sailing around the coastline around what is called the Turquoise coast. I’m talking about a proper 7-8 day adventure on a traditional Turkish gulet boat! This gives you the opportunity to see some of the most beautiful scenery in the world and go all out and off the beaten path into secluded coves and hidden beaches firsthand.

This is quite a popular activity, and you can easily find a sailing charter that will suit your needs. Whether you want to relax on the beach or dock and explore the towns along the Turkish Riviera, sailing around the coastline and different islands is a great way to see it all.

➡️ This Turkish Riviera 7-Day Yacht Tour covers a lot of my favorite spots on this list!

11. Relax on the Beaches of Izmir

Izmir is one of Turkey’s biggest cities and it’s a great place to visit if you’re looking to get out of Istanbul. It’s known for its friendly people, blue coastal waters, and lovely weather. And if you’re a fan of Turkish food, you’ll definitely want to try some of the delicious seafood dishes that Izmir is known for.

There are plenty of things to see and do in Izmir, from visiting the ancient city of Ephesus (which is only 1-hour drive away) to taking a cable car up Mount Hasan. You can also find great shopping and dining in Izmir, as well as a lively nightlife scene – think chic rooftop bars and clubs!

I like to stay closest to the waterfront to enjoy the best views of Izmir. There are plenty of Airbnb options, but don’t discount the Mariott’s and such hotels in the city, as their rooftop bars and sunset views are spectacular!

➡️ This is a great Ephesus Day Trip from Izmir if you don’t have a car.

12. Walk The Lycian Way

One of the best things to do in Turkey is to walk portions of the Lycian way. This ancient footpath stretches for over 500 kilometers along the Mediterranean coast and takes in some of the most beautiful scenery in the country. It’s one of those pilgrimage walks, so if you were to walk it end to end, it would take you 1-2 months.

The Lycian way is well-marked and relatively easy to follow, making it a great option for travelers of all fitness levels. Along the way, you’ll pass through olive groves, Mediterranean forests, and a rugged coastline, with plenty of opportunity to stop, camp, and explore. If you’re looking for an adventure in Turkey that will take you off the beaten track , then walking the Lycian way is definitely for you.

Travel Tip: I walked portions of the Lycian Way when I was traveling through Oludeniz and the Butterfly Valley, but also when I was staying in Kalkan and near the town of Kas. Because it’s such a widespread path, you can choose your adventure!

13. Party The Night Away in Bodrum

The city of Bodrum is located on the Aegean Sea, and is a popular resort town for tourists. That said, think a much smaller version of Mykonos. The town is known for its beautiful beaches, clear blue water, and vibrant nightlife. There are many things to do in Bodrum, including swimming, sunbathing, fishing, and exploring the city’s many shops and restaurants.

Bodrum is also home to a number of historical sites, such as the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. If you’re looking for a fun and exotic place to vacation, Bodrum is the perfect destination.

Anywhere in the small town is great! I stayed around Joy Art Cafe , which was convenient, and in the center of everything.

➡️ Date Night Activity: Dinner in a Vinyard at sunset in Bodrum!

14. Grab a Dinner of Ciğ Köfte, Doner Kebap & Raki

Turkey is a land of contrasts, with a rich culture and history that has been shaped by its position at the crossroads of East and West. And its cuisine is no different, offering a delicious mix of influences from across the region. And guess what, Turkish cuisine is much more than Kebaps – but i’m including them in this “things to do in Turkey” because it’s so iconic!

Back to enjoying a more traditional meal that includes grilled liver with onions, ciğ köfte, doner kebab, and raki. Let me explain – ciğ köfte is minced lamb meatballs that are seasoned with spices and grilled over charcoal. Doner kebap, on the other hand, is a more traditional dish of lamb that has been slowly roasted on a vertical spit. And raki is a fiery spirit made from grape skins and aniseed.

Enjoying these dishes together is a delicious way to get a taste of the different flavors of Turkey. I love doing Food Tours in cities because it’s a different way to learn the culture and history of a people!

➡️ Loved this Istanbul Food Tour , a great introduction to weird foods I might not have otherwise tried!

15. Explore Goreme National Park & Pigeon Valley

When visiting Turkey, Goreme National Park and Pigeon Valley are definitely worth exploring. The park is home to a particularly unique landscape, with towering rock formations that look like giant penis’s and cave dwellings scattered throughout.

The best way to explore the park is on foot, so be sure to wear comfortable shoes. There are plenty of things to see and do in the park, from visiting the open-air museum to hiking through the valleys and finding yourself here for sunset.

Pigeon Valley, in particular, is a must-see. The valley gets its name from the thousands of pigeons that nest in the cliffs, and it offers stunning views out over Cappadocia. Whether you’re looking for adventure or simply want to appreciate nature, Goreme National Park and Pigeon Valley are definitely worth hiking through when you are in Cappadocia.

I recommend staying in the town of Goreme. The town is set up for tourists and there are plenty of wonderful boutique hotels, as well as bed and breakfasts and hostels. It is where I stayed, making it super convenient to do everything I wanted in Cappadocia.

➡️ Recommend this Sunset Horseback Riding tour as a nice way to end a day of hiking!

16. Roadtrip Along the Turkish Riviera

I spent a whole month driving from Istanbul south along the Turkish Riviera, looped around to Cappadocia, and back up to Istanbul. The country is so large, even with a month, I only stayed about 3 nights in each iconic spot on this list.

Here is my recommended route:

• 4 Days in Istanbul: Check out my recommendations for things to do below!
• 3 Days in Cappadocia: Hot Air Balloon ride, hiking in Goreme & Pigeon Valley
• 3 Days in Antalya: Manovgat Waterfalls, Adrasan Hike, Beaches, Party in the Old Town
• 3 Days in Kalkan/Kas: Beach Life, Boating Around the little coves, hiking the coastline
• 3 Days in Oludeniz/Fethiye: Paraglide over the sea, swim in the famous Blue Lagoon
• 2 Days in Bodrum: party in the old town, sunsets by the windmills, a day trip on a catamaran
• 1 Day at Ephesus: visit the ancient ruins and the house of Mother Mary ( from the Bible! )
• 2 Days in Izmir: Beach days and rooftop bars at night!

➡️ Travel Tip: Rent a Car like I did , and hit the road!

17. Get A Famous Turkish Haircut

I am not joking with you when I say, Turkish men and women have got their look down to a beautiful science. I have never seen so many well-manicured men in my life, bless the hairdressers on every corner of Istanbul and Turkey!

Literally just walked into a little hair spot across the street from my b&b because the colorist had unicorn-colored hair, and this happened for $21. Also, a hair wash and blowout/styling costs around $7. I almost stopped washing my hair myself altogether in Turkey because the service is so good and cheap!

Hair Salon I Loved: Por Atolye . But literally anywhere is great, and I just popped into 4 different random salons across Turkey in my 2 months there!

18. Explore the Underground City in Nevsehir

When most people think of Turkey, they picture the sandy beaches of the coast or the bustling streets of Istanbul.

However, there is much more to this country than meets the eye. In the central region of Nevsehir, for instance, lies an underground city that has been carved out of the soft rock beneath the earth’s surface.

This city was once home to thousands of people, and it even served as a refuge from invaders. Today, it is a popular tourist destination, and visitors can explore its many chambers and passages.

If you’re looking for something a little different to do on your next trip to Turkey, be sure to add the Underground City to your itinerary.

The best home base to do this activity is in Cappadocia, specifically from the town of Goreme.

➡️ The Green Tour in Cappadocia is super popular and includes an amazing lunch in the Ihlara Valley!

Things To Do In Istanbul

I don’t know how to say this so it doesn’t sound so mind-blowing, but Istanbul is the city that spans two continents, both Europe and Asia. In fact, when we look at places to stay in Istanbul, even the Turks refer to it as the “Europe Side” and “Asia Side”.

Where To Stay in Istanbul

The best neighborhoods to stay in Istanbul are Karakoy and Beyoglu on the European side and Kadikoy on the Asia side . Ferries and trams are cheap and easy to take to and forth and run regularly.

19. Visit the Hagia Sofia Mosque

The Hagia Sofia Mosque is one of Turkey’s most popular tourist attractions. Previously a Christian cathedral, it was converted into a mosque after the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople in the 15th century.

It has flipped from cathedral to mosque to museum over the years, but today, it is one of the largest mosques in the world, and its beautiful architecture is a must-see for any visitor to Istanbul.

The Hagia Sofia is open to the public for free , and several guided tours are available for a fee. In addition to its religious significance, the Hagia Sofia is also an important cultural and historical site, and it is definitely worth a visit when you are in Istanbul.

➡️ I went on this small group Hagia Sofia, Blue Mosque & Grand Bazaar Tour !

20. Explore Istanbul’s Spice Market

When visiting Istanbul, be sure to add the Spice Market to your list of things to do. This bustling market is located in the Eminönü district and has been a fixture of city life for centuries. Today, it is one of Istanbul’s most popular tourist destinations, offering a window into the city’s rich history and culture.

The Spice Market is home to hundreds of different vendors, selling everything from spices and herbs to tea and coffee. In addition to its wide selection of goods, the market is also a great place to enjoy Turkish hospitality.

Vendors are always happy to chat with visitors, and many offer free samples of their products. Whether you’re looking for souvenirs or simply want to experience Istanbul’s vibrant atmosphere, the Spice Market is a must-visit destination.

➡️ I also did this Istanbul Walking Tour , which dived into more history!

21. Shop at the Grand Bazaar

The Grand Bazaar is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Turkey. It’s a large covered marketplace with over 60 streets and 4,000 shops, making it one of the largest and oldest markets in the world . Visitors can find everything from Turkish carpets and spices to jewelry and souvenirs.

The best time to visit the bazaar is early in the morning when it’s less crowded and cooler. There are several restaurants and cafes located within the market, so you can take a break when you need to. Just be sure to watch your belongings, as pickpockets are known to operate in crowded areas like this.

Travel Tip: Bargaining is expected, so be prepared to haggle for the best price. Start with 30% off and aim to end at about 15% off! 🙂

22. Take A Trip to Prince’s Island

Turkey is a land of contrasts, with a rich history and culture that has been shaped by both East and West. And nowhere is this more evident than in Istanbul, a city that straddles the Bosphorus strait. Prince’s Island is one of the best places to experience this unique blend of influences, with its mix of Ottoman architecture and European style.

Take a ferry ride from Istanbul to the island, and then start exploring the little islands. Be mindful that there are no cars allowed, so everything is walkable or bikeable – it’s that small! Bring a bathing suit and a cute outfit for at night!

One of my favorite things to do is catch the sunset at a restaurant at the very edge called Kalpazankaya – make sure to order the mezze and a bottle of nice white wine!

Fun Fact: Prince’s Island got its name because this is where Ottoman royalty got banished to when Istanbul was sick of them. And I have to be honest, it’s not a bad place to get banished. A bit small, but a very luxurious prison to say the least!

23. Visit the Underground Basilica Cistern

The Underground Basilica Cistern is one of the most popular hidden gem attractions in Istanbul. Built in the 6th century, the cistern was used to store water for the city’s residents. Today, it is open to the public and offers a cool respite from the heat of the summer sun.

Visitors can explore the vast space, which is supported by more than 300 columns, and spot the two Medusa heads that are built into the walls. The Underground Basilica Cistern was one of my favorite things to see in Istanbul, as it is oddly peaceful and calm, a direct juxtaposition to the bustling city above.

➡️ Here are Skip the Line Tickets , and you’ll be glad because the lines are long for this one!

24. Learn About The Ottomans at Topkapi Palace

If you’re looking for things to do in Turkey, a visit to Topkapi Palace should be top of the list. The palace was the primary residence of the Ottoman sultans for 400 years, and it’s filled with beautiful architecture and interesting artifacts.

You can learn about the history of the palace and the Ottoman Empire, see how the sultans lived, and view a collection of precious gems and jewelry – not to mention, visit the infamous harem rooms.

There’s also a great cafe on site, so you can take a break from sightseeing and enjoy a cup of Turkish coffee. Whether you’re interested in history or just looking for things to do in Istanbul, Topkapi Palace is definitely worth a visit.

Travel Tip: Grab tickets at the front entrance of the Castle itself, and I highly recommend getting the Harem buildings included for the extra fee!

25. See the Whirling Dervishes

If you find yourself in Turkey, be sure to check out the whirling dervishes. Also known as the Mevlevi Order, the whirling dervishes are a mystical Sufi group who are best known for their distinctive form of worship, which involves spinning around in circles for extended periods of time.

While this may sound like a bizarre spectacle, it is actually a deeply spiritual experience and one that is well worth seeking out. The dervishes believe that by spinning around, they are able to achieve a state of religious ecstasy, and in doing so, they are able to commune with the divine.

➡️ Grab Tickets Here, but set your expectations that this is not a show, but rather you watching a 1-hour religious ceremony!

26. Take a Ferry Ride Down The Bosphorus

One of the best ways to experience Istanbul’s unique location is to take a ferry ride down the Bosphorus. This iconic waterway has served as a dividing line between East and West cultures for centuries, and today it offers a fascinating glimpse into the city’s past and present.

The journey likely will start at the Golden Horn, Istanbul’s natural harbor, where you can take in some of the city’s most iconic landmarks.

The next stop is the Dolmabahce Palace, once the home of the Ottoman rulers. From there, the ferry continues down to the Beylerbeyi Palace, a 19th-century summer residence that overlooks the Bosphorous.

As the journey comes to an end, there’s one last treat in store: a sunset cruise past Istanbul’s celebrated skyline. It’s an unforgettable experience and one of the best things to do in Turkey.

➡️ This Sunset Yacht Cruise is a more private way to see the Bosphorous.

27. Enjoy the Views from Galata Tower

Saving the best for last, Galata Tower is one of the most visible attractions in Istanbul. Standing at nearly 200 feet, the tower offers stunning views of the city and its surroundings.

Once at the top, you can enjoy a 360-degree view of Istanbul. On a clear day, you can even see the Bosporus Strait and the Marmara Sea. If you’re looking for things to do in Istanbul, make sure to add a visit to Galata Tower to your list!

Right around the corner from the Tower is a restaurant called SaltBae , famous for the Turkish guy who awkwardly throws salt on a piece of meat – thanks Tik Tok! And if you’re not into that hype, try Sensus Wine Boutique , tucked into a small street as you leave Galata Tower.

Last Few Little Gems!

I’ve saved a few of my favorite things for the end because they are small little gems:

• Pet a Turkish Street Cat – The Turks love their cats like no other culture I know. You’ll notice little bowls of food and tiny boxes on the streets for the strays – it’s good to be a cat in Turkey!
• Play a Game of Tabla – This is Backgammon, the national sport (outside of smoking) of Turkey!
• Eat a Turkish Breakfast – It is so damn good, lunch does not exist… the Turks skip straight to dinner!
• Learn How to Say Thank You in Turkish – It’s pronounced “ Te-sh-eh-queue-lar ” and it just rolls off the tongue.

Safety & Travel Tips

Here are a few of the most common questions regarding safety and traveling to Turkey.

Is it safe for Americans to travel to Turkey?

While it’s true that the security situation in Turkey has deteriorated in recent months, it’s important to remember that the vast majority of visitors still have a safe and enjoyable experience. I traveled solo for 2 months across the western half of Turkey, from big cities like Istanbul to small rural villages, and I always felt safe.

With that said, it’s always wise to exercise caution when traveling to any country with a volatile political situation. If you’re planning a trip to Turkey, be sure to stay up-to-date on the latest travel advisories and news. And above all, remember to use your common sense – if your gut tells you something, listen to it!

Do I need travel insurance in Turkey?

Yes, you do. I’m a seasoned traveler with a quick mind and a tough stomach, but even I needed to call for help in my 2 months of travel. And that’s because I gorged myself on some weird chicken one night and contracted food poisoning from hell.

It all turned out OK, and after a week of hydration, rest, and medicine, I was good as new – but thankful for my backup insurance. Here is what I use.

➡️ I recommend Safety Wing Travel Insurance – it’s inexpensive and good!

What is the best time to visit Turkey?

Depending on your interests, the best time to visit Turkey can vary. However, generally speaking, the best time to visit Turkey is between April and October. This is when the weather is most conducive to outdoor activities, and when you’re likely to find the widest selection of things to do.

In my opinion, the very best time to visit Turkey is in the fall, between the months of September to November. This is when the tourist season has mostly ended, the crowds clear, the price surges drop, availability to great lodging increases, and it’s just generally less hectic and less hot AF!

Of course, Turkey is a large country, so be sure to research specific destinations in order to determine the best time to visit based on your interests.

Why is Turkey popular to visit?

Turkey is a popular tourist destination for a number of reasons.

• The country offers a wide range of things to do. Firstly in its rich religious and cultural history, you will have a chance at visiting ancient Mosques and seeing the home of Jesus’s mom, Mother Mary (!!!). It is also rich in food and natural beauty. From the deserts of Cappadocia to hiking the ancient Lycian Way along the Mediterranean coast, there is no room for boredom – just WOW!
• It’s a relatively easy country to get around , with good infrastructure and a well-developed transport network. I spent one month on a road trip, with a rental car and it was easy enough to drive and navigate west Turkey. I spent my second month in Istanbul using public transportation. The metro, busses, ferries, and taxis were all easy to sort out. Locals and tourists alike depend on this option heavily.
• Turkey is incredibly welcoming to tourists , with locals that are known for their hospitality. Everywhere I went, I was helped without asking. I came to appreciate the Turkish spirit for a good laugh, family, and care for others – and also cats. Turkish people love cats!
• It’s a great bang for your buck destination , with plenty of affordable accommodation and activities. Basically, it’s cheaper than most countries in Europe but offers some of the same natural beauty, culture, history, etc.

So whether you’re looking for an action-packed holiday or a more relaxing break, Turkey is definitely worth considering .

What is the capital of Turkey?

I bet you think it’s Istanbul. Well, since there was so much drama in Istanbul with the Ottoman Empire, that designation was moved to a different city when Turkey established itself as a republic in 1923. 🙂

The capital of Turkey is Ankara, which is sort of located in the middle of nowhere. To be clear, it’s located in the middle of Turkey, and it is everything you would think a capital city would be.

Ankara is known for its historical sites, such as the Roman ruins at Ankara Castle. Other things to see in Ankara include the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations and the Anitkabir, the mausoleum of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, the founder of the modern Turkish Republic.

Ankara is also quite modern and home to a number of universities, making it a popular destination for students from all over the world.

What is Turkey’s most popular food?

Turkey is a land of plenty, and its cuisine reflects this bounty. One of the most popular things to eat in Turkey is street food . Make your way to any busy street corner and you’ll find vendors grilling up delicious kebabs or serving spiced oysters with rice and lemon. It’s the perfect way to try a little bit of everything.

The most popular food in Turkey is doner kebab , a dish made of lamb or chicken that is cooked on a rotating spit and served with rice, salad, and bread. Other popular Turkish dishes include baklava (a sweet pastry made of filo dough, nuts, and syrup) , kofte (meatballs ) , and all sorts of fish and meat organs (like liver) with roasted garlic.

Turkish pizzas, called “lahmacun,” are another popular snack. They’re similar to flatbreads but topped with a spiced meat mixture and herbs. If you’re looking for something sweet, Turkish delight is a must-try. These bite-sized candies are made from gelatin, nuts, and fruits, and they come in an array of colors and flavors.

Turkey does not shy away from fresh spices and pomegranate, great olive oil, and raki , licorice-tasting alcohol that I never got used to.

And of course, a big thing (almost a religion) is Turkish tea and Turkish coffee . A must!

Conclusion: Things To Do In Turkey

When most people think of Turkey, they immediately think of Istanbul. However, there is so much more beauty to this country than its bustling metropolis. As you can see, it’s more than that, much more.

All in all, if you’re looking for an underrated country to add to your travel bucket list , be sure to put Turkey at the top!

Mariana Barbuceanu is the owner and author of the Road Trip EuroGuide, a blog that inspires fellow travelers to explore Europe more authentically through slower travel and digging deeper into the culture of a place. When she isn't writing about her adventures, she is planning trips for her community and coaching people on how to take that next step towards a much-needed sabbatical.

Road is Calling

20 Epic Things to Do in Turkey for a Bucket List Experience!

When I help others build their own Turkey itinerary , the first thing people ask me is what are the best things to do in Turkey that should be on a travel bucket list.

Well, there are quite a lot of activities and attractions as Turkey is huge and rich in diverse experiences. Depending on the region, there is a large number of unique landscapes and cultural offerings that make each area special.

But if you are not going to one particular region and need a general understanding of the best locations and sightseeing spots in Turkey as a whole, it is important to have a plan on where to go and what to see in the first place. With this post, you’ll be able to do just that.

Get inspired and experience all the most amazing activities in Turkey that are the top things to choose for getting to know this country. It is not just a mere inspiration but a full getaway to Turkey with must-do adventures and some hidden gems.

I have traveled around Turkey a lot (and continue to do so until this day) and want to share my knowledge to assist you in discovering as many wonders of this incredible destination as you can!

Best Things to Do in Turkey (Unusual Things & Lesser-Known Activities)  

To make it easier to browse through my list of things to see and do in Turkey, I organized them into three groups of experiences based on their popularity, kind of bucket list status, lesser-known locations, and just beautiful things to do that make Turkey special.

As I continue exploring Turkey, I constantly add more information on the best places to visit and what to do in different parts of the country. I intend to expand upon this guide in the upcoming months, so you’ll have more suggestions for things to do in Turkey.

Meanwhile, if you have other must-do activities in Turkey to add to my list, your suggestions are welcome, share them in the comments below.

Top 10 Things to Do in Turkey (Must Dos)

1. explore istanbul’s historic sights.

Planning a trip to Turkey is impossible without including Istanbul on the list as it is one of the best Turkish cities with centuries-old history. Nowever else in the world will you find a place like it which has been the capital of Christian Byzantium and the Muslim Ottoman Empire, with its own long list of things to do.

Istanbul’s main landmarks like the Hagia Sophia, Blue Mosque, Topkapi Palace (once home to Ottoman sultans), and others are not just beautiful and important. They are living testimonies to the diverse cultures that shaped Istanbul over the years .

Once you go, besides checking out all the famous sights , take the time to go to Istanbul’s best restaurants and cafes, explore its romantic spots together with some hidden gem locations, of course don’t miss the iconic Istiklal Avenue together with Taksim area , and if time permits, check out one of the places not far from Istanbul .

If you’ll be spending in Istanbul 4 days or less, I highly recommend you do a walking tour that lets you visit both sides (European and Asian) like this Two Continents tour or a free tour from Europe to Asia if you are on a budget. In this way, you’ll see all the highlights and decide for yourself which ones you liked more and where you want to return on the following day.

Do you need more inspiration for what to do in Istanbul? I have a ton of posts on my Istanbul travel guide page!

2. Stay in All-Inclusive Hotel

Including a stay in an all-inclusive hotel in Turkey is a must-do for several reasons. #1 reason is that Turkey offers one of the best all-inclusive experiences globally with exceptional hospitality, breathtaking coastal locations, and a wide array of inclusive amenities.

The number of gorgeous properties for different budgets is just huge and there is a chance to stay in luxurious resorts that look more like mini-cities with direct access to the sea or charming boutique hotels, all offering the convenience of all-inclusive packages.

The finest all-inclusive deals are scattered throughout Antalya region, in Bodrum and Marmaris , Cesme, Belek, Kemer, and Side. But there are also smaller all-inclusive hotels in Dalyan for people on a budget.

Check out the majority here to have an idea of what all-inclusive hotels in Turkey are like.

3. Wonder at the Surreal Landscapes of Cappadocia

Going to Cappadocia is going to be one of the best experiences in Turkey as this journey will allow a dreamlike realm that is both visually stunning and culturally rich.

Situated in central Turkey, it is a place with extraordinary geological formations, unique rock-cut architecture, and a landscape that seems to belong to another world.

The primary reason to come to the area is the iconic fairy chimneys created by volcanic eruptions and erosion over millions of years. They are scattered across the region, creating an atmosphere that captivates the imagination. 

Beyond the fairy chimneys, Cappadocia boasts an intricate network of cave dwellings, underground cities, and rock-cut churches. The Göreme Open-Air Museum , for example, showcases those churches adorned with ancient frescoes, providing a glimpse into the rich Byzantine heritage of the region.

Any number of days in Cappadocia is never enough, but if you have limited time in Turkey and traveling from Istanbul, plan to come to this region for at least 2 full days with the all-inclusive package .

4. Visit the Pamukkale Terraces & Cleopatra’s Pool

Pamukkale is one of the main attractions of Turkey, this is why it should sit high on every itinerary.

From Turkish, Pamukkale translates as “cotton castle” because of its striking appearance, resembling a cascading castle made of cotton. You’ll find it in the southwestern part of the country which is easy to visit on a road trip from Antalya , from Izmir, or when driving from Fethiye . 

One of the primary reasons to explore Pamukkale is the surreal appearance of the terraces that remind a cascade of frozen, cotton-like waterfalls. These terraces are formed by the flow of calcium-rich mineral water from hot springs, creating stunning, terraced pools over time. The sight is not only visually stunning but also unique in the world, earning Pamukkale recognition as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Swimming in these terraces is not allowed anymore but you can definitely put your feet or hands in the water and splash as much as you want.

And then for swimming, go take a dip in the healing waters of Cleopatra’s Pool which is among the best hot spring pools of Turkey . It is in the ancient city of Hierapolis , adjacent to Pamukkale.

Unusual Excursions to Pamukkale

5. Try a Turkish Bath (Hammam) Experience

Trying a Turkish Bath is a cultural and rejuvenating experience that immerses you in the traditional Turkish way of relaxation and cleansing. A Hamam is a centuries-old practice, deeply ingrained in Turkish culture with a blend of physical and spiritual rinse.

It consists of a real cleansing ritual which includes relaxation in a warm and steamy room, scrubbing, and thorough soap massage, which helps release tension and stress, providing a holistic and soothing experience.

Going to a hammam is a unique thing to do in Turkey which resembles in some ways hammam experiences in Morocco and in Spain .

The number of hammams is big but my favorite ones are in Istanbul, Izmir, and Bursa. In Istanbul in particular you get the opportunity to immerse yourself in history and warm water simultaneously as most hammams are very old historic baths.

6. Explore Well-Preserved Ancient Greek & Roman Ruins in Ephesus

Ephesus is one of the best ancient cities in Turkey and one of the most extensive and best-preserved archaeological sites in the world, that should be on everyone’s bucket list.

The significance of Ephesus lies in its role as a major Greek city and later a thriving Roman metropolis , making it a melting pot of cultures, architectural styles, and historical narratives. The city flourished during the Roman period and was famous for its grand structures, such as the Library of Celsus, the Great Theatre, and the Temple of Artemis – one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World .

Additionally, Ephesus is associated with biblical history , being mentioned in the Acts of the Apostles as a site where Saint Paul preached. The Terrace Houses, showcasing well-preserved Roman villas with elaborate frescoes and intricate mosaics, offer a glimpse into the lifestyles of the affluent during that period.

So visiting Ephesus provides a tangible link to the roots of Western civilization, offering a profound educational and cultural experience.

Learn more about Ephesus and its history here and if you decide to see it, visit in the first part of the day when going on your own or skip the lines with the guide if coming from the cruise.

7. Relax on One of the Beaches of Antalya

Don’t get me wrong, Turkey has many gorgeous beaches. Some of my favorites are beaches in Bodrum , Marmaris, and even a couple of beaches in Istanbul. But Antalya’s beaches are so diverse and breathtaking that not going to at least one would be a huge miss!

Exactly in Antalya, you’ll find beaches near ancient ruins, those with blue waters like in Miami , or hidden beaches with golden sand and recreational activities. Many beaches also have Blue Flag status ensuring high quality standards.

And the best part – all public beaches in Antalya are free and the number of them is so high that you can visit a beach in any town or city you go to in the province! Some are awesome for sunbathing even in winter .

If I could highlight just a few, I’d say don’t miss a swim on Kaputas Beach (between Kas and Kalkan, a hidden gem with turquoise waters and a narrow gorge leading to the sea), Çıralı Beach (known for a mix of sand and pebbles and nesting sea turtles), and Kumburnu Beach in Oludeniz which has the most beautiful color of the water.

But for all beaches, you need to see my guide about the best beaches in Antalya.

8. Dine at a Meyhane (Turkish Tavern)

Many foodie experiences in Turkey should be on the list of must-have activities, including trying a traditional Turkish breakfast , traditional dinner, or just eating the best kebab. 

But one of the unique things to do is to dine in a Meyhane, a traditional Turkish tavern or pub that typically specializes in serving mezes (Turkish appetizers) along with alcoholic beverages, particularly Rakı (a traditional Turkish anise-flavored alcoholic drink). 

Meyhanes are made in a way that promotes social interaction and lively conversations over small plates of meal (in some way similar to tapas in Spain). Sometimes live music is present too to contribute to a convivial atmosphere.

Every city and town in Turkey will have a meyhane. But if you are in Istanbul, my top tip would be to join this tour that includes street food together with a night of meze and tradition.

9. Go on a Lycian Way Hike (At Least Some Part of It)

Lycian Way is a very famous long-distance hiking trail stretching approximately 540 kilometers from Fethiye to Antalya. Established in 1999, it offers a diverse and one of its kind experience with breathtaking coastal views and ancient ruins along the challenging terrains. It is a must do thing in Turkey for hikers.

But not only professional hikers will love it since some parts of the trail are pretty accessible and easy to cover for people who don’t hike a lot, so it is possible to go even with little kids. And when there, you can do two different things – enjoy the scenery and touch upon ancient Lycian civilization.

When I lived in Istanbul , I often visited southern Turkey either to go to one of the quiet villages and coastal towns there or to hike in different locations of Lycian Way.

If I could share my favorite stretches of the trail, I’d say include a hike from Kalkan to Kas (with views of the Mediterranean, less challenging compared to other sections), Demre to Finike (a coastal section with a relatively flat and easy trail with beautiful sea views), and Olympos to Çıralı (known for its archaeological remains, including the Olympos Theater and the Lycian League Tower, and ancient city of Phaselis).

10. Go Shopping For Leather & Fur Clothing

Another famous thing that Turkey is known for is the production of high-quality leather and fur goods, particularly winter and demi-seasonal coats, including leather blazers , pants, trench coats, and suits. But leather shoes and accessories are of very good quality too.

So if you are going on holidays to Turkey , you may want to include a tour of the factory and adjacent store to see techniques on leather and fur production that are passed down through generations, and of course, buy something for yourself or your family members.

With a wide range of products and the opportunity for personalization, the experience extends beyond just shopping, as every visitor also gets a cultural immersion in vibrant bazaars and historical districts. Turkey’s historical connection to the leather industry adds significance to the purchase, making it a memorable and worthwhile activity for visitors.

Best places where to go to shop for leather and fur clothing are Istanbul, Izmir, Antalya, Bursa, and Bergama . But you can also go on a shopping tour in Cappadocia where you’ll have half a day to shop in a small group. 

Unique Things to Do in Turkey for Couples

11. go on a boat/yacht cruise.

To appreciate the beauty of Turkey in its fullness, you need to see it from the sea, receiving a unique perspective of its coastline. Doing it is easy from pretty much any big city or small town on the coast of Turkey as it has a myriad of cruise options, catering to different preferences and interests.

Pirate boats, historical excursions, leisurely sailing on a yacht, or vibrant nightlife on the water, there’s a cruise for every type of traveler. The cost of these cruises varies, ensuring flexibility for different budgets.

Turkish seaside, bordered by the Aegean and Mediterranean Seas, is adorned with pristine beaches, hidden coves, and small cute islands which are best to visit by boat. Opting for a cruise allows you to explore these coastal gems, each with its own charm and character. 

My favorite routes are those around Bodrum to crystal clear waters , around Marmaris (because they stop at hidden coves), around Antalya , and one to Kekova sunken city from Demre or Kas.

12. Take a Hot Air Balloon Ride Over the Fairy-Tale Landscapes of Cappadocia

You have probably seen magical photos of hot air balloons soaring into the sky with the first rays of the sun over fields with whimsical rock formation. They were taken in a beautiful land of Cappadocia known for its unique geological features (that are called fairy chimneys) and cave hotels .

Going on a hot air balloon ride is one of the must-do things in Cappadocia and best thing to do in Turkey which you will remember for the rest of your life. Imagine soaring where the sun paints the sky with hues of orange and pink, casting a warm glow over distinctive rock spires below.

As you float above the ancient cave dwellings, the silence of the morning is only broken by the occasional whisper of the wind. It’s that experience in Turkey that transcends the ordinary, leaving an indelible mark on your memories of this destination.

Flights take place every day but sometimes on winter days in Cappadocia they are canceled due to bad weather. Anyone can experience a hot air balloon ride – you just need to choose one of the numerous companies.

But if you are like me and are afraid to fly, then rent a car in Cappadocia (through my guide find out where is the best place to hire a car ) or go watch air balloons fly close (like in my photo)!

13. Spend a Day in the Beach Club

Among summer activities to do in Turkey, going to a beach club is one of my absolute favorites because Turkish beach clubs provide a backdrop of crystal-clear waters, golden sands, and scenic beauty, creating an idyllic atmosphere for relaxation and enjoyment.

They are usually set by the stunning coastal landscape on the shores of the Aegean or Mediterranean Seas and have luxurious amenities like  comfortable sun loungers, private cabanas, and exclusive beachfront access. Many clubs offer high-end services such as spa treatments, VIP lounges, and gourmet dining, elevating the overall beach experience.

Every big city in Turkey by the coast will have a beach club. So if you go on a sea vacation to any of them, check on the maps what beach clubs are available in the area and have a fantastic day relaxing in one of them!

Here is my first reel from the very first beach club I visited in Bodrum:

            View this post on Instagram                         A post shared by Anya | Travel Planner (@roadiscalling)

14. Have a Tandem Paraglide Flight Over the Blue Lagoon

Doing a tandem paraglide flight over the Blue Lagoon in Oludeniz is an extraordinary and romantic experience for couples in Turkey , even though it might be considered scary and is not an adventure everyone might choose.

But if you enjoy thrilling experiences then this top tourist attraction in Turkey will be one of the most memorable things.

With it, you’ll be able to soar high above turquoise waters and Fethiye mountains , getting a full birds-eye view of the lagoon, the coastline, and the lush landscapes below.

Every time Mark and I visit Fethiye, we tell ourselves that we are going to do tandem paragliding. But every time I just chicken out and choose to sit on the beach watching paragliders fly above my head. That’s a separate attraction of its own as the entire process is quite mesmerizing and the beach in that area is totally gorgeous!

If you decide to participate in this bucket list Turkey activity, you can always make arrangements on spot in Fethiye. But for summer travel, it is better to pre-book it in advance. Check here the top ten paragliding experiences with prices .

15. Enjoy the Most Scenic Train Route Across Turkey in Doğu Express

One of my absolute favorite and most scenic things to do in Turkey is to be a passenger of the Doğu Express picturesque train that runs between Ankara and Kars and covers a distance of 1300 kilometers within a 32-hour journey.

A trip seems to be long but in my experience, this much time is not enough to enjoy breathtaking Anatolian landscapes with Türkiye’s cultural richness. It is like a cruise where you explore the country not by ship but by train and make multiple stops in towns and villages along the route to do local exploration.

This train ride is among the top four most beautiful train routes in Turkey and if I had to compare it to other scenic train rides in the world, I’d say that it is as beautiful as train rides found in Switzerland , England, Japan, and Canada.

If you make this trip happen, be ready to ride through the unreal landscapes of Anatolia, where high slopes meet mountain rivers. Sometimes you go through tunnels, other times through gorges or valleys. But every time views resemble Switzerland and Italy which makes it challenging to look away from the window.

There are two ways to do this trip, one by a public train that runs every week throughout the year and on a tourist route that gives service only from December to March . The second option is better as you have more time in towns where train stops which allows some time for exploring the region. For more details, refer to this site .

Other Fun & Secret Turkey Activities (Great for Families, Young Adults & Everyone Else)

16. get amazed with the colossal statues & ancient tombs at mount nemrut.

Traveling far to Mount Nemrut (located in southeastern Turkey near the city of Adiyaman. ) is going to be another adventurous thing you’ll do in Turkey that will be difficult to forget.

Mount Nemrut is a special place that is both a geographical feature and an archaeological site. It is a mountain with an elevation of 2,134 meters (7,001 feet) where a unique open-air museum sits on the summit with an ancient funerary complex built by King Antiochus I Theos of Commagene around 62 BC. 

This museum is basically an area with colossal statues (that remind me of a similar site in Juta village in Georgia ) and ancient tombs that represent various deities and kings and look as if they’ve been frozen in time. The hike to the statues on the top of Mount typically takes around 45 minutes to 1 hour, depending on your pace and the specific trail you choose. There are a couple of different paths to the summit that vary in difficulty.

You don’t really come to Mount Nemrut directly just to hike and see the statues. It is quite remote and is located in a region where there are not many things to do. 

The best way to visit this part of Turkey is on a tour through eastern Turkey where you travel to a few locations, including this one. There is for example a 2-night tour available from Cappadocia to Mount Nemrut that also includes a quick trip to Sanliurfa, a must-visit city in Turkey . 

17. See the Most Beautiful Mountains of Turkey – Kaçkar Mountains

In my experience, the Kaçkar Mountains in Turkey offer the most breathtaking mountains in Turkey with alpine landscapes, pristine lakes, and challenging trekking routes. The region is like a haven for people who love hiking, getting away in the wilderness, and seeing high-altitude areas with snowfields even in summer .

So if your main goal to travel to Turkey is to plan a trip for nature and you are all after mountain ranges, then make sure to add Kaçkar Mountains to your bucket list.

Best time to visit is from June to September from Rize or Artvin, both cities in the Black Sea region. If you come to Rize (part of the Karadeniz region), then combine a trip to the mountains with exploring local tea plantations as all Turkish tea you drink around Turkey comes from here.

The mountains area is quite remote and most people there don’t speak English. So you may want to plan a big multi-day trip to Eastern Turkey that will also include a visit to the Kaçkar mountain range. Otherwise, make arrangements with local guides to conquer Kackar Summit once you arrive in Trabzon.

Click here to see all tours of mountainous Turkey with the best tourist attractions and sightseeing spots.

18. Visit the Capital of Pistachios 

One of the unique things to do in Turkey is to go to Gaziantep in the southeast of the country which is known among Turkish people as the pistachio capital of Turkey and celebrated for its pistachio-infused dishes, such as baklava and kebabs.

Culinary culture is enough of a reason to visit this city but besides it, there is much more to experience – a museum of Roman mosaics, a zoo, fortresses, mosques, and one interesting botanical garden.

The area of Gaziantep, one of the most important places of the Anatolian lands, as well as one of the oldest that is still inhabited, has been home to various civilizations, and it has a special place in the history of the Turkish War of Independence too. It was used to be called just “Antep”, but after the war, its name was changed to “Gaziantep”, with the addition of the word “Gazi”, meaning “war veteran” in Turkish. 

19. Witness the Beauty of One of the Most Beautiful Canyons in the World

Did you know that Turkey has some of the most impressive canyons each with its own unique features, geological formations, and opportunities for outdoor activities such as hiking, trekking, and even canyoning?

Yes, it does. And they offer not only breathtaking natural scenery but also opportunities for exploration and adventure.

Just like the renowned canyons in the US, Turkey’s diverse canyons also offer a ‘wow’ scenery with adventure, making them a must-visit place in Turkey for nature and explorations. 

The most popular canyons such as Goynuk, Koprulu, and Saklikent are located near famous resort cities. However, there are those that many may not have heard of like beautiful canyons in Artvin or Kastamonu. 

There is also The Ihlara Valley Canyon in Cappadocia which is often considered a smaller-scale version of the Grand Canyon. While it may not match the sheer scale of the Grand Canyon, Ihlara Valley impresses with its deep gorge, towering cliffs, and winding river, creating a similar sense of awe and wonder in a more compact setting.

20. Visit an Anitkabir Mausoleum in Ankara

While there are many notable mausoleums worldwide, the uniqueness of Anıtkabir lies in its specific historical context and its association with a pivotal figure in Turkish history. This is why coming here is one of the unique and less-known things to do in Turkiye. 

The Anıtkabir Mausoleum is the final resting place of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder and first President of Turkish Republic. Located in Ankara, the capital city, it is a significant historical and cultural site that serves as a tribute to Atatürk’s leadership in the establishment of modern Turkey.

The mausoleum is a monumental structure and includes various sections, such as the Road of Lions, the Ceremonial Plaza, and the Hall of Honor, where Atatürk’s tomb is situated. The site is not only a place of remembrance but also a symbol of the Turkish War of Independence and the subsequent formation of the Republic.

While Ankara is not a top city to visit in Turkey, the mausoleum provides a great opportunity to learn about Atatürk’s life and legacy and witness ceremonial events held on special occasions. It holds immense importance for Turkish people and is a symbol of national pride and identity.

If you plan travel to Ankara around the following dates, you’ll see a grandiose performance around the mausoleum – April 23, May 19, Aug 30, Oct 29, and Nov 10.

Seeing all these things in Turkey in one trip can be somewhat challenging unless a trip is long or if you will be just hopping from place to place trying to cover it all.

Do not be in a hurry to travel everywhere. Choose your top places and activities and have fun exploring Turkey at a slower pace. 

Anya is originally from Ukraine but in heart she is a citizen of the world. She is working online and that’s why has an opportunity to travel a lot and live in different countries. At present time, she is based in Spain while waiting for the war in Ukraine to be over to be able to return home. On this blog, her main goal is to inspire others to travel to under-the-radar places and discover the world while working remotely.

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Best Time to Visit Turkey: When to Go & When to Avoid!

Home » Blog » Turkey » Best Time to Visit Turkey: When to Go & When to Avoid!

With so much to see and do in this country, it can be tricky trying to pick the best time to visit Turkey. We put together this guide to help you sort out when to visit and plan your trip to this unique and unforgettable country.

It sounds almost cliche, but Turkey truly has something for everyone. From its world-famous beaches and iconic hot air balloons to a fantastic food scene and rich history, everyone will find at least a couple of reasons to fall in love with Turkey. 

This large, wildly popular country has coastline and mountains, desert and lush valleys, and shares its borders with a whopping eight other countries. 

The attractions, cultural influences, and weather unsurprisingly vary in each of these regions, which makes Turkey a great travel destination year round. However, choosing the best time to visit Turkey isn’t necessarily a simple, quick decision. 

While Turkey’s beaches and coastal communities have a typical Mediterranean climate, the country also has vast deserts and mountains soaring to nearly 17,000 feet. As you can imagine, the weather in these regions can be (and often is) vastly different. 

Many of the best places to visit in Turkey are within a few hours’ drive of one another. So it’s likely that in one trip you’ll experience diversity in topography and weather. 

Whatever it is that draws you to this unique, gorgeous country, this guide will help you decide on the best time to visit Turkey for your specific travel needs. 

When is the best time to visit Turkey?

While the best time to visit Turkey depends largely on the activities you have planned, visiting during the shoulder seasons of fall and spring are typically the best all-around options, when weather is pleasant and large crowds are mostly gone.

Spring and Fall are Turkey’s “shoulder seasons,” sandwiched between peak summer tourism months and the winter, when weather is dreary and some attractions aren’t open. Traveling during these times allows you to take advantage of mild weather, easy accessibility to just about everywhere in the country, and less crowds. 

This guide takes a deep dive into all four seasons, to help you figure out which is the best time to visit Turkey for you, taking into account your specific travel needs. 

Answer these questions to get started:

• Are you planning to visit locations all over Turkey or stay in one destination?
• Are you easily bothered by crowds?
• Are you negatively affected by high heat and humidity?
• Do you mind chilly temperatures?
• Do you prefer to spend your time at the beach or exploring a new city?
• Are you on a tight budget?

Thinking about your answers to these questions is going to help you start to determine when to visit Turkey.

Article contents

• Our experience in Turkey

Turkey geography overview

• Weather in Turkey  
• Spring in Turkey  
• Summer in Turkey  
• Fall in Turkey 
• Winter in Turkey 

Overall BEST time to visit Turkey

Want a quick recommendation? Jump down to see our personal advice for the best time to visit Turkey. Plus, we’ll share what times of year we’d avoid visiting!

• Our Recommendation…

Our experience traveling in Turkey 

We’ve visited Turkey in all seasons

Our experience:

• We visited Turkey in May 2016 and had perfect weather for our entire trip throughout the country and it felt less crowded than other places in Europe during that time.
• Our Director of Content, Amanda, has visited Turkey during every other season and spent a decent amount of time there. 

Summer in Turkey

I (Amanda) have been to Turkey in both July and August and found the weather to be pretty hot in Istanbul and down on the southwestern coast. This is peak tourism season so accommodation prices are a bit higher, streets are more crowded and everyone flocks to the coast to escape the heat of the city. 

Air Conditioning (A/C) isn’t as common (nor are screens on windows) in Istanbul, so you may be looking at some pretty uncomfortable temperatures during these months. And yes, there are mosquitoes! (Which is why I never understood the lack of screens around the world.)

Would we recommend visiting during summer?

If you can avoid visiting Turkey during the summer time, I would. However, if that’s the only time that works in your schedule, it’s not the worst. Just make sure you find some accommodation with A/C and consider visiting the coast!

Fall in Turkey

In Istanbul there is a noticeable difference in the weather from August to September. You shift from wearing loose, breathable clothing to needing a light jacket almost overnight (in my experience). However, the temperatures are much more pleasant for spending days walking around and sightseeing. 

Plus, the weather in the south on the coasts is still very warm and perfect for sunbathing and refreshing dips in the Aegean. 

October marks the official start of “low season” all over Turkey and accommodation prices will reflect the shift. 

Would we recommend visiting during the fall?

Absolutely! Fall, in my opinion, is the absolute best time to visit Turkey, with cooler temperatures and families and kids back in school. 

Winter in Turkey

Winter in Istanbul actually gets quite cold. In fact, it even snows there! (I don’t know why but I was surprised to hear this and even experienced it on my New Years Eve trip.) 

Though the south won’t get quite as cold, most of the resort towns shut down for the season so there isn’t much going on down there. While that may be a good excuse to have a quiet holiday, you won’t be experiencing typical beach weather. 

Would we recommend visiting in winter?

That depends… If you are expecting colder weather and don’t mind it, a trip to Istanbul might actually be really nice in winter. There’s still plenty to do in the city and the tourist crowds will be much thinner (if not nonexistent!). 

However, I wouldn’t recommend a trip to the coast of Turkey in wintertime as so much will be closed down, you won’t get the full experience. 

Though I have not personally experienced it, I had a friend who visited Cappadocia in winter and loved it! The crowds were practically nonexistent and prices were so much cheaper. 

She was lucky enough to get to do a hot air balloon ride over the snow-covered landscape. However, the hot air balloons are commonly grounded due to weather conditions during winter so keep that in mind. 

Spring in Turkey

We (Katie and Ben) have visited Turkey in the springtime and had a really great experience. We’d totally recommend visiting during the spring before temperatures get too hot and the summer crowds come out.

Turkey is a fairly large country—a bit bigger than the U.S. state of Texas—that sits atop two continents. Some people refer to this as “Eurasia,” but officially, Turkey is a transcontinental country with parts in both Asia and Europe. 

The country is situated almost entirely in western Asia’s Anatolian Peninsula, also known as Asia Minor. However, a small portion of Istanbul, Turkey’s largest city by far, is on the European continent. The Bosphorus Strait is the waterway that divides the city, and the continents, giving Istanbul its nickname, “ the gateway between the East and West .” 

The country’s unique geography doesn’t end there. It has three distinct coastlines, the Black Sea to the north, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and the Aegean Sea to the west. Turkey also shares official international borders with eight countries: Greece, Bulgaria, Armenia, Iran, Azerbaijan, Iraq, Georgia, and Syria. 

It should come as no surprise that Turkey is rather diverse topographically. Of course, it’s very well-known for the beautiful Mediterranean beaches that form the country’s southern and western coasts. The northern coast is also home to the entire southern shore of the Black Sea. 

You’ll also find other-worldly landscapes in the deserts, stunning mountain ranges, modern citiescapes, and everything in between. The highest mountain in Turkey, Mount Ararat, towers 16,854 feet above sea level.

Another very interesting thing about Turkey is that its unique positioning also makes it one of the most earthquake-prone regions on the planet. In the past century, the country has sustained more than a dozen major quakes.

Weather in Turkey

Turkey experiences four distinct seasons, in line with the Northern Hemisphere. Summers can be scorchingly hot, with oppressive humidity on the coast and extreme dryness inland, while winters are typically cold, rainy, and bring snow. 

Spring and fall usually bring much better weather across the country, with mild temperatures and little precipitation. The Turkish coasts, in particular, have divine weather during these times of year. You’ll find beaches deserted in the winter and packed in the summer, despite the almost unbearable heat. It’s amazing what a quick dip in the water can do!

A notable exception, like most high-altitude areas, is Turkey’s mountains and highland regions. Here, summer is actually one of the best times to explore, when temperatures are cooler. By contrast, higher elevations get much more snow in the winter. Ski season here lasts 4-6 months at high elevations and offers a great way to experience the country during less-pleasant months. 

Stats on Turkey Weather & Seasons:

• Warmest month(s) in Turkey:   June – September
• Coldest month(s) in Turkey: December – March
• Rainiest month(s) in Turkey: December – February
• Driest month(s) in Turkey: June – August
• Most crowded month in Turkey: July – August
• Least crowded month in Turkey: November – February

Spring offers an excellent opportunity to enjoy great weather before summer crowds begin descending on Turkey’s beaches and other popular destinations. March and the first part of April remain fairly quiet, but late April and May mark the official start of the tourist season country-wide (and especially in Cappadocia!). 

You’ll find some crowds later in the season, especially during spring break and Europe’s spring holidays, but crowds are much more manageable than during the summer and the weather is generally fantastic this time of year. Note that while ambient temperatures on the beaches may be warm, the water will likely be very cold until early summer!

In Istanbul, which experiences fairly harsh winters, spring temperatures hang out between 55-72ºF (13-22°C) and most of the winter rain subsides. One notable exception is April, which is one of the rainiest months across the entire country. The coasts see daily temperatures that are consistently a bit warmer than in the cities, and you’ll enjoy even more sunshine and less rain. 

March marks the official start of spring and in Kurdish communities across Turkey, you’ll find festive Newroz (New Year) celebrations. The Istanbul Film Festival is also in April, followed by the Istanbul Music & Jazz Festival. 

Best things to do during spring in Turkey

• Head to the coast to enjoy the beaches with few crowds and pleasant weather
• Wander around Istanbul and experience the city-wide annual tulip festival in April
• Experience Ramadan traditions across the country in late March into April
• Check a major item off your bucket list with a hot air balloon ride in Cappadocia
• Take a hike at Mount Nemrut and enjoy a perfect melding of nature and ancient history
• Hike at least part of Lycian Way, a 300-mile stretch of the Aegean Coast with jaw-dropping mountain views bordering the sea

Like many places in the Northern Hemisphere, summer in Turkey is peak tourism season and will be busy pretty much anywhere you go. 

With the exception of Istanbul and the desert regions, which get unbearably hot, you’ll find good weather and plenty of people enjoying it. Temperatures (and crowds) really start to rise in mid- to late June when local schools let out for summer break, so if possible, we recommend timing your summer visit for early June. 

July and August are definitely peak months for tourism in Turkey, and while much of the country is extremely hot, the beaches offer a welcome relief. They’ll also, unsurprisingly, be packed, with accommodations increasing in price and decreasing in availability. 

Conversely, Turkey’s mountainous regions in the north and east offer relief from the heat during the summer months. If you’re a hiker, this is hands-down the best time to visit Turkey! Some of the highest, most rugged mountain ranges are actually covered with snow until late July or even early August!

Across the country, summertime also brings many festivals and other celebratory events. Istanbul begins hosting a series of outdoor concerts in June, and cruise season on all Turkey’s coasts really gets into full swing in June as well. 

Best things to do during summer in Turkey

• Try paragliding over Ölüdeniz, one of the best areas in the entire world to do so
• Explore the Ruins of Ephesus
• Kayak over the sunken city of Kekova
• Explore the unique and fun things to do in Cappadocia
• Enjoy a boat ride to experience the spot where the Black Sea meets the Mediterranean Sea
• Go diving in Side to the super unique Underwater Museum, where hundreds of sculptures sit on the seafloor

Much like the spring months, f all is a great time in Turkey to enjoy fantastic weather without the massive crowds that flood the country during the summer. As you may expect, early fall typically has better, more predictable weather than late fall. 

The cooler late-Fall weather draws fewer crowds, however, and with the start of October, prices for accommodation and activities see a significant drop. Fall foliage is also spectacular across the country during this time, so there are certainly reasons October and November could be considered the best time to visit Turkey. 

Average temperatures hover around 70ºF (21°C) in Istanbul and 76ºF (24°C) on the coasts during the early fall. As winter gets closer, you’ll see those numbers drop to around 53º and 58º, respectively (12 and 15°C). 

November marks the noticeable start of the low season for travel, as well as the first hint of the rainy season country-wide, but you may still catch some nice weather. 

Early fall is also an excellent time to visit Turkey’s highest-elevation mountains, when weather is still pleasant and extreme weather hasn’t set in. Remember, some places in the east and north are only reliably accessible in August and September!

Istanbul holds many events throughout September into October and notably, November is the beginning of pomegranate season. You’ll see fresh pomegranate everything during this time of year.

Best things to do during fall in Turkey

• Go for a dip at the magical Pamukkale Thermal Pools
• Visit Yedigöller National Park, arguably one of the most beautiful places in the entire country in the fall
• Book yourself into a cozy cave hotel in Cappadocia
• Check out the more than 4,000 shops at the Grand Bazaar (bring cash and some solid haggling skills!)
• Enjoy mostly-deserted but still warm beaches, especially on the Mediterranean Coast!

Winter in Turkey is without a doubt the slowest season for tourism, being that the country is well-known for its sparkling beaches. The exception is the mountains, particularly in the northeast, when winter is the high season for skiing and other winter sports enthusiasts. 

We know, Turkey isn’t what typically pops into your mind when you think of winter sports destinations, but there are actually some impressive skiing and snowboarding!

The winter months bring rain, cold, and even snow to some parts of the country, but Turkey’s beaches, particularly on the southern coast, can still experience mild weather. For example, Istanbul’s average winter highs are in the low to mid-40s (about 5-7°C), but on the coast, it’s around 50°F (10°C). 

Winter weather on the coasts is hit or miss, so if you’re visiting in the winter, we’d recommend not planning your whole trip around the beach. Leave some free time open or have a Plan B and if you end up getting great weather on the coast, bonus! 

Overall, if you can brave the cold and rain, winter can be a great time to visit Turkey — especially its cities. Prices for accommodation are often significantly less expensive in the winter. 

Fewer crowds also mean that things like museums and the renowned Turkish bathhouses are easier to enjoy. These are great options when it’s cold and wet out! 

You’re likely to find some lively New Year’s Eve parties, but most of Turkey doesn’t celebrate Christmas, so December tourism is lower than in many other destinations. 

Best things to do during winter in Turkey

• Explore Istanbul’s museums at a leisurely pace without the crowds
• Experience the tradition of a luxurious hamam , a Turkish bathhouse
• Peer into the underwater world at the Aqua Vega Aquarium
• Hit the slopes for some skiing or snowboarding at Cappadocia’s Mt. Erciyes or Kartepe, within easy driving distance from Isyanbul
• Enjoy the frosted, magical landscapes of Cappadocia. The city’s “fairy chimneys” are even more whimsical under a bit of snow (don’t count on heading out in a hot-air balloon in the winter, however!) 

Best time to visit Turkey in our opinion…

There truly is no wrong time to visit Turkey, but the best time depends very much on what you want to see and do.

In our opinion, September would be the best time to visit Turkey . The weather is usually mild; cooling down from the summer heat, but not too cold to still enjoy the beaches. It’ll still feel like summer on the Mediterranean, just with fewer crowds and a reprieve from the heat. 

And by contrast, winter in Turkey provides beautiful snowy landscapes, winter sports, and budget accommodations.  If you’re traveling to Turkey on a budget but aren’t as excited about the snow, the absolute best time to visit Turkey is during the month of October. Officially the start of low season, you’ll see prices drop significantly on things like accommodation and popular tours.

If you’re headed to Turkey, we’ve got some things you should see!

We have lots of resources on travel in Turkey and destinations throughout the country. Check out our  Ultimate Turkey Travel Guide  for all the answers to your travel questions, or read some of our favorite articles below.

• Epic Places to Visit in Turkey
• Cheap & Fun Things to Do in Istanbul
• Fun & Unusual Things to Do in Cappadocia
• Cappadocia Cave Hotels for Every Budget

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We want to hear from you!

Have you ever been to Turkey before? When did you go and what was your experience like? Leave your comments in the section below and we’ll do our best to respond to any questions!

Comments (3) on “ Best Time to Visit Turkey: When to Go & When to Avoid! ”

Hi i wanted to visit turkey i wasnt there yet, i dont have alot of money so im looking for best time an cheapest time an it must not b toooo warm an not toooo cold either an im not a beach fan but i do love nature an i love shopping and i love sightseeing so wats best time an how long shall i stay

Good article. I would wish to visit Turkey

i have enjoyed this article so much and it is very informative, I pictured myself in Istanbul… It changed my mind about Turkey and planning on visiting next year

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Update April 12, 2024

Information for u.s. citizens in the middle east.

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Turkey Travel Advisory

Travel advisory july 26, 2023, turkey - level 2: exercise increased caution.

Reissued with obsolete COVID-19 page links removed.

Exercise increased caution when traveling to Turkey due to terrorism and arbitrary detentions. Some areas have increased risk. Read the entire Travel Advisory.

Do Not Travel To:

• Sirnak province, Hakkari province, and any area within six miles (10 kilometers) of the Syrian border due to terrorism.

Country Summary:  Terrorist groups continue plotting possible attacks in Turkey.  Terrorists may attack with little or no warning, targeting tourist locations, transportation hubs, markets/shopping malls, local government facilities, hotels, clubs, restaurants, places of worship, parks, major sporting and cultural events, educational institutions, airports, and other public areas.

Security forces have detained tens of thousands of individuals, including U.S. citizens, for alleged affiliations with terrorist organizations based on scant or secret evidence and grounds that appear to be politically motivated.  U.S. citizens have also been subject to travel bans that prevent them from departing Turkey. Participation in demonstrations not explicitly approved by the Government of Turkey, as well as criticism of the government (including on social media), can result in arrest.

Read the  country information page  for additional information on travel to Turkey.

If you decide to travel to Turkey:

• Stay alert in locations frequented by tourists.
• Avoid demonstrations and crowds.
• Stay at hotels with identifiable security measures.
• Monitor local media and be prepared to adjust your plans quickly.
• Enroll in the  Smart Traveler Enrollment Program  ( STEP ) to receive travel alerts and make it easier to locate you in an emergency.
• Follow the Department of State on  Facebook  and  Twitter .
• Review the  Country Security Report for Turkey.
• Visit the CDC page for the latest  Travel Health Information  related to your travel. 
• Prepare a contingency plan for emergency situations. Review the  Traveler’s Checklist .

Sirnak Province, Hakkari Province, and Any Area within six miles (ten kilometers) of the Syrian Border – Level 4:  Do Not Travel

Do not travel to Sirnak province, Hakkari province, or any area within six miles (10 kilometers) of the Turkey/Syria border due to the continued threat of attacks by terrorist groups, armed conflict, and civil unrest.  Terrorist attacks, including suicide bombings, ambushes, car bomb detonations, and improvised explosive devices, as well as shootings, and illegal roadblocks leading to violence have occurred in these areas. U.S. government employees are subject to travel restrictions in the entire provinces of Sirnak and Hakkari, and any areas within 10 km of the Syrian border.

Visit our website for  Travel to High-Risk Areas .

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Middle East: Is it safe to travel to holiday destinations as tension escalates?

Are you going to Turkey, Egypt or Israel on holiday? The Foreign Office has warned travellers to several countries to monitor advice after an Iranian attack on Israel pushed tension in the Middle East up another notch.

Thursday 18 April 2024 08:13, UK

Tension in the Middle East has ratcheted up again after Iran's attack on Israel, as the world waits to see how Benjamin Netanyahu's government will respond. 

With the threat of widening conflict, people due to travel through or over the Middle East may be asking if their plans may be impacted.

On Saturday, flight data showed dozens of journeys that would have travelled over the Middle East turned back after Iran fired more than 300 drones and missiles into Israel .

Here is what airlines are saying and the latest safety advice to travellers.

EasyJet scraps Tel Aviv flights

EasyJet has suspended all flights to Tel Aviv over safety concerns.

The budget airline told Sky News it has grounded its flights until 27 October at the earliest "as a result of the continued evolving situation" in the region.

Wizz Air customers could see schedule changes

Wizz Air cancelled flights to Tel Aviv on Sunday 14 and Monday 15 April before resuming its schedule.

But it said customers could experience schedule changes as it closely monitors the situation.

British Airways operating as normal

British Airways - which operates four daily return flights per week between Heathrow and Tel Aviv - said its flights were continuing to operate as planned, but it too was monitoring the situation.

Is it safe to travel to Turkey?

Turkey is a popular holiday destination for people from the UK with the Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism saying that last year 3.16 million Britons made the journey there, according to Travel Weekly.

Yet, it borders a number of countries that the Foreign Office advises against travel to.

The vast majority of the country is considered generally safe for tourists, with some exceptions.

The Foreign Office advises against all travel within 10km of the border with Syria , and all but essential travel to the Sirnak and Hakkari provinces.

Is it safe to travel to Israel?

Some parts of Israel are considered "red zones" by the Foreign Office, with the government advising against all travel there.

For the rest of the country - including East Jerusalem and Tel Aviv - the advice is to travel only if it is essential.

Tourist Israel says around 220,000 Britons usually go to the country every year and the Foreign Office is advising against travel close to the border with Gaza, within 5km of the border with Lebanon and within 500m of the border with Syria.

You can see the full updated list of "red zones" on the Foreign Office advice pages.

Occupied Palestinian territories

The Foreign Office advises against all travel to Gaza and the West Bank.

Don't travel to Iran, Iraq, Yemen, Lebanon or Syria - Foreign Office

The Foreign Office advises against all travel to Iran, Syria, Lebanon and Yemen.

It advises against all travel to Iraq except to the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI), where it advises against all but "essential travel".

Can I safely go on holiday in Egypt?

The main tourist areas in Egypt are generally considered safe, including the capital Cairo, cities along the Nile and Red Sea resorts.

Over 1.5 million British Nationals visit Egypt every year, according to analysts Gitnux, and the areas the Foreign Office warns not to travel to include the Governorate of North Sinai, where the Rafah crossing to Gaza is located, and within 20km of the border with Libya.

Read more: Are we heading for World War Three? Experts give their verdicts What are Iran's military capabilities - and where could it strike?

Keep up with all the latest news from the UK and around the world by following Sky News

Check advice on other Middle East states before you travel

Following Iran's attack on Israel, the Foreign Office issued a warning relating to several countries in the surrounding area, telling travellers to check for the latest information.

Included in this are popular destinations like Dubai (visited by more than a million Britons last year according to Travel Weekly) and Marrakech.

"On 13 April 2024 Iran carried out military action against Israel. Monitor this travel advice and other media as the situation is changing fast," the FCDO said in a statement.

The countries covered by the warning include Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Morocco, Tunisia, Saudi Arabia, Algeria, Bahrain, Kuwait, Libya, Jordan and Oman.

Anywhere else of concern?

Cyprus is near the region and has a large UK airbase but, as yet, there is no change in travel advice to the popular country.

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Iraq, Turkey to elevate security, economic ties after Erdogan visit

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• Hope to mend strained ties with slew of deals
• Erdogan wants Iraq to help crack down on Kurdish militants
• Turkey has conducted cross-border operations in north Iraq
• Ankara, Baghdad are seeking closer ties

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Lebanon's Hezbollah said it fired dozens of rockets at an Israeli border town on Wednesday and sources in Lebanon reported heavy Israeli airstrikes on a Lebanese town just across the frontier, following an escalation of violence in recent days.

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US Supreme Court weighs Idaho's strict abortion ban in medical emergencies

The U.S. Supreme Court on Wednesday wades back into the battle over abortion access in arguments pitting Idaho's strict Republican-backed abortion ban against a federal law that ensures that patients can receive emergency care.

France's DGAC civil aviation authority on Wednesday warned of massive flight disruptions at French airports on April 25 tied to the threat of an air traffic controllers strike.

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Kurdish separatists and water issues loom large in long-awaited visit of Turkey’s Erdogan to Iraq

Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan speaks during a joint statement to the media in Baghdad, Iraq, Monday, April 22, 2024. Erdogan arrived in Iraq on Monday for his first official visit in more than a decade. (Ahmad Al-Rubaye /Pool Photo via AP)

Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, left and Iraqi Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani shake hands as they attend a press conference, in Baghdad, Iraq, Monday, April 22, 2024. Erdogan arrived in Iraq on Monday for his first official visit in more than a decade. (Thaier Al-Sudani/Pool Photo via AP)

Iraqi President Abdul Latif Rashid, right, and Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan shake hands in Baghdad, Iraq, Monday April 22, 2024. (Turkish Presidency via AP)

Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan disembarks from an airplane upon his arrival at Baghdad International Airport, in Baghdad, Iraq, Monday April 22, 2024. (Thaier Al-Sudani/Pool via AP)

Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan attends a press conference, in Baghdad, Iraq, Monday, April 22, 2024. Erdogan arrived in Iraq on Monday for his first official visit in more than a decade. (Thaier Al-Sudani/Pool Photo via AP)

From left, UAE’s Energy Minister Suhail Mohamed al-Mazrouei, Qatar’s Minister of Transport Jassim bin Saif bin Ahmed al-Sulaiti, and Iraq’s Transport Minister Razzaq Muhaibas al-Saadawi pose for a picture during their meeting for the signing of the “Development Road” framework agreement on security, economy, and development in Baghdad, Iraq, Monday April 22, 2024. (Ahmad Al-Rubaye/Pool via AP)

Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, left and Iraqi Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani take part in a press conference, in Baghdad, Iraq, Monday, April 22, 2024. Erdogan arrived in Iraq on Monday for his first official visit in more than a decade. (Ahmad Al-Rubaye /Pool Photo via AP)

Iraq’s Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani, center right, and Turkey’s President Recep Tayyip Erdogan next to him, attend the signing session of the “Development Road” framework agreement on security, economy and development in Baghdad, Monday, April 22, 2024. (Ahmad Al-Rubaye /Pool Photo via AP)

UAE’s Energy Minister Suhail Mohamed al-Mazrouei, left, and Turkey’s Transport Minister Abdulkadir Uraloglu, right, sign the “Development Road” framework agreement on security, economy, and development in Baghdad, Iraq, Monday April 22, 2024. (Ahmad Al-Rubaye/Pool via AP)

Iraq’s Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani, right, and Turkey’s President Recep Tayyip Erdogan attend a meeting to sign mutual agreements in Baghdad, Monday, April 22, 2024. (AHMAD AL-RUBAYE / Pool Photo via AP)

Iraq’s Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani, right, and Turkey’s President Recep Tayyip Erdogan look on during their meeting in Baghdad, Iraq, Monday April 22, 2024. (Ahmad Al-Rubaye/Pool via AP)

Iraq’s Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani, right, and Turkey’s President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sign mutual agreements during their meeting in Baghdad, April 22, 2024. (AHMAD AL-RUBAYE / Pool Photo via AP)

Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, speaks during a press conference, in Baghdad, Iraq, Monday, April 22, 2024. Erdogan arrived in Iraq on Monday for his first official visit in more than a decade. (Thaier Al-Sudani/Pool Photo via AP)

Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, second left and Iraqi Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani, foreground right, react as they attend the signing of a four-way memorandum of understanding between Iraq, Turkey, Qatar and the UAE to cooperate in the Development Road project, in Baghdad, Iraq, Monday, April 22, 2024. Erdogan arrived in Iraq on Monday for his first official visit in more than a decade. (Thaier Al-Sudani/Pool Photo via AP)

Iraqi Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani attends a press conference with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, in Baghdad, Iraq, Monday, April 22, 2024. (Thaier Al-Sudani/Pool Photo via AP)

UAE’s Energy Minister Suhail Mohamed al-Mazrouei, left, and Turkey’s Transport Minister Abdulkadir Uraloglu, right, speak together during the signing of the “Development Road” framework agreement on security, economy, and development in Baghdad, Iraq, Monday April 22, 2024. (Ahmad Al-Rubaye/Pool via AP)

From left, Turkey’s Transport Minister Abdulkadir Uraloglu, UAE’s Energy Minister Suhail Mohamed al-Mazrouei, Turkey’s President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Iraq’s Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani, Qatar’s Minister of Transport Jassim bin Saif bin Ahmed al-Sulaiti, and Iraq’s Transport Minister Razzaq Muhaibas al-Saadawi applaud together during their meeting in Baghdad, Iraq, Monday April 22, 2024. (Ahmad Al-Rubaye/Pool via AP)

Iraq’s Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani, right, and Turkey’s President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sit together during their meeting in Baghdad, Iraq, Monday April 22, 2024. (Ahmad Al-Rubaye/Pool via AP)

Iraqi Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani, right, and Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan attend a welcoming ceremony at Baghdad International Airport, in Baghdad, Iraq, Monday April 22, 2024. (Thaier Al-Sudani/Pool via AP)

Iraq’s Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani, second right, receives Turkey’s President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, second left, Qatar’s Minister of Transport Jassim bin Saif bin Ahmed al-Sulaiti, right, and UAE’s Minister of Energy Suhail Mohamed al-Mazrouei, left, ahead of their meeting in Baghdad, Iraq, Monday April 22, 2024. (Ahmad Al-Rubaye/Pool via AP)

Iraq’s Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani, third right, Turkey’s President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, third left, Qatar’s Minister of Transport Jassim bin Saif bin Ahmed al-Sulaiti, second right, and UAE’s Minister of Energy Suhail Mohamed al-Mazrouei, second left, pose for a picture during their meeting in Baghdad, Iraq, Monday April 22, 2024. (Ahmad Al-Rubaye/Pool via AP)

Iraqi Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani, right, and Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan meet in Baghdad, Iraq, Monday April 22, 2024. (Turkish Presidency via AP)

Iraqi Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani, right, and Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan shake hands in Baghdad, Iraq, Monday April 22, 2024. (Turkish Presidency via AP)

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BAGHDAD (AP) — Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdog an arrived in Iraq on Monday for his first official visit in more than a decade as Ankara seeks greater cooperation from Baghdad in its fight against a Kurdish militant group that has a foothold in Iraq.

Other issues also loom large between the two countries, including water supply and exports of oil and gas from northern Iraq to Turkey, halted for more than a year.

Erdogan, whose last visit to Baghdad was in 2011, when he was prime minister, met with Iraqi President Abdul Latif Rashid and Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani as they inked agreements on water management, security, energy and economic cooperation.

“I believe that my visit and the agreements just signed will constitute a new turning point in Turkey-Iraq relations,” Erdogan said in a joint news conference with al-Sudani.

Al-Sudani said they discussed “bilateral security coordination, which will meet the needs of both parties and confront the challenges posed by the presence of armed elements that may cooperate with terrorism and violate the security of the two countries.”

Erdogan’s visit “comes at a sensitive and dangerous time,” al-Sudani added, citing Israel’s war against the Hamas militant group in Gaza — a war that has had ripple effects across the region.

Erdogan said the leaders had “consulted on the joint steps we can take against the PKK terrorist organization and its extensions, which target Turkey from Iraqi territory,” referring to the Kurdistan Workers’ Party, or PKK, a Kurdish separatist movement banned in Turkey.

The PKK has maintained bases in northern Iraq’s semi-autonomous Kurdish region.

Erdogan had previously announced a major operation against the PKK during the summer, with the aim of “permanently” eradicating the threat it poses. He did not specify what actions Turkish forces would take in Iraq but Turkish forces have in the past carried out numerous ground offensives against PKK in northern Iraq and Turkish jets frequently target suspected PKK sites.

Ankara now aims to create a 30-40 kilometer (19-25 mile) deep security corridor along the joint border with Iraq, Turkish Defense Minister Yasar Guler told journalists last month.

The insurgency — the PKK is fighting for an autonomous Kurdish state in southeast Turkey — has claimed tens of thousands of lives since the 1980s and Turkey and its Western allies have labelled PKK a terrorist organization.

Baghdad has long complained that Turkish actions in Iraq against the PKK violate its sovereignty, but appears to be acquiescing with Ankara’s operations.

In March, after a meeting between the Iraqi and Turkish foreign ministers, Baghdad announced that the Iraqi National Security Council had issued a ban on the PKK, although it stopped short of designating it as a terrorist organization. Erdogan on Monday praised the ban.

Al-Sudani told journalists during a visit to Washington last week that Iraq and Turkey have “true interests with one another and common projects.” He noted that the PKK has long had a presence in northern Iraq, “but we are not allowing any armed group to be on Iraqi territory and using it as a launchpad for attacks.”

Ankara has argued that PKK’s presence in Iraq threatens the planned construction of a major trade route, the Iraq Development Road, that would connect the port in Basra , southern Iraq, to Turkey and Europe through a network of rail lines and highways.

Baghdad may take a similar approach to the PKK as it has taken to Iranian Kurdish dissident groups based in northern Iraq.

The presence of Iranian dissidents had become a point of tension with Tehran, which periodically launches airstrikes on their bases in Iraq. Last summer, Iran and Iraq reached an agreement to disarm the groups and relocate their members from military bases to displacement camps.

Energy issues and water rights are also key in Iraq-Turkey ties.

An oil pipeline running from the semi-autonomous Kurdish region to Turkey has been shut down since March 2023, after an arbitration court ruling ordered Ankara to pay Iraq $1.5 billion for oil exports that bypassed Iraq’s central government in Baghdad. The sharing of oil and gas revenues has long been a contentious issue between Baghdad and Kurdish authorities in Irbil.

In recent years, Iraqi officials have complained that dams built by Turkey are reducing Iraq’s water supply .

The Tigris and Euphrates rivers, which provide most of Iraq’s fresh water, originate in Turkey. Experts fear that climate change is likely to exacerbate existing water shortages in Iraq, with potentially devastating consequences.

Mustafa Hassan, a Baghdad resident, said he hopes that Erdogan’s visit “will help to solve problems related to water, because Iraq is suffering from a water scarcity crisis, and this affects agriculture.”

Erdogan said Ankara was aware of the water problems Iraq faces and that the two countries have set up “a joint permanent committee which is going to help through cooperation ... taking our shared interests into consideration.”

Fraser reported from Istanbul. Associated Press writers Andrew Wilks in Istanbul, Ellen Knickmeyer in Washington and Ali Jabar in Baghdad contributed to this report.

Dentist Discovers Human-Like Jawbone and Teeth in a Floor Tile at His Parents’ Home

Scientists are planning to study the specimen, embedded in travertine from western Turkey, in hopes of dating and identifying it

Daily Correspondent

While visiting his parents’ recently renovated house in Europe, a man spotted something unusual in one of the floor tiles. Upon closer inspection, it appeared to be part of a human jawbone—and it still had a few teeth.

The man could recognize the bone because he’s a dentist, according to a post he made on Reddit last week.

Embedded in a hallway leading to the home’s terrace, the mandible appeared to have been cut at an angle. It reminded the dentist of the CT scans he reviews at work.

“As I am specialized in implant dentistry, I work with this kind of image every day, and it looked very familiar,” he wrote in an email to the Washington Post ’ s Carolyn Y. Johnson.

The man, whose Reddit username is Kidipadeli75, declined to reveal his full name to protect his family’s privacy.

Found a mandible in the travertin floor at my parents house by u/Kidipadeli75 in fossils

He found the jawbone in a tile made of travertine, a type of limestone that typically forms near hot springs. This specific tile came from a quarry in the Denizli Basin of western Turkey. The travertine excavated there formed between 0.7 million and 1.8 million years ago, which suggests the mandible did not come from a person who died recently.

Travertine forms when a change in chemical conditions cause dissolved calcium carbonate to harden into solid rock. It usually solidifies in layers, giving travertine tiles their distinctive and visually appealing look. These layers can trap anything that falls into them, such as leaves, feathers and even dead animals.

As such, the recent jawbone discovery is “somewhere between uncommon and common,” says Andrew Leier , a geologist at the University of South Carolina and chair of the Geological Society of America’s sedimentary geology division , to Architectural Digest ’s Katherine McLaughlin.

“But it’s not a crazy thing to happen,” he adds.

Anywhere you find travertine tile, you might also find fossils. The travertine-clad Getty Center in Los Angeles, for instance, is a treasure trove of fossils , including feathers, algae, bacteria, an animal foot and leaves.

Since the anonymous dentist posted about the discovery, he’s been contacted by an international team of researchers, and they’re working with him on a plan to remove the tile for study, reports the Atlantic ’s Sarah Zhang. They have also initiated discussions with the company that sold the tile, in hopes of searching for additional remains in other pieces of travertine from the same quarry.

By simply looking at the photo, scientists can’t tell how old the jawbone may be or which species—modern human or early human relative—it may have once belonged to. To sleuth out that information, they hope to run the specimen through a CT scanner and construct a 3D model of it. Chemical analysis of the rock could reveal its age, and samples of the tooth enamel might hold clues to what the jawbone’s owner ate. Teams might even attempt to recover ancient DNA.

However, the photo has revealed at least one interesting tidbit already: The person may have had some dental work done.

“There appear to be absent teeth and the bone tissue has filled into where the teeth once were,” write forensic dental consultants Amber D. Riley and Anthony R. Cardoza in a joint email to Architectural Digest . “Another human potentially intervened and removed teeth due to injury or disease.”

Comment by u/Kidipadeli75 from discussion in fossils

Paleoanthropologists have discovered all kinds of fossils in Denizli Basin travertine, including deer, mammoths and reptiles. They’ve also discovered at least one other set of human remains: fragments of a human skull cap that showed signs of tuberculosis. The skull, which is at least  1.1 million years old , represented the first Homo erectus ever found in Turkey, now nicknamed the “Kocabas hominin.”

So, why didn’t anyone notice the jawbone in the travertine at any point before or during installation? John Hawks , a paleoanthropologist at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, took up this question in a blog post titled “How many bathrooms have Neanderthals in the tile?”

Quarry workers make rough cuts of travertine to create large panels, he writes. While doing so, they check for big defects and any gaps before they begin polishing the stone. Then, they typically stack the tiles for shipping and move on quickly.

“Small defects and inclusions are the reason why people want travertine in the first place, so they don’t merit special attention,” Hawks writes. “Consumers who buy travertine usually browse samples in a showroom to choose the type of rock, and they don’t see the actual panels or tile until installation.”

So, the next time you renovate your home with travertine, take the time to thoroughly inspect the tiles. Or, to boost your chances of stumbling upon a fossil, you might only need to travel as far as your local home improvement store.

“Every time I am in Home Depot, I go through the travertine tile looking for fossils,” says John W. Kappelman Jr ., a paleoanthropologist at the University of Texas at Austin, to the Washington Post .

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Sarah Kuta | READ MORE

Sarah Kuta is a writer and editor based in Longmont, Colorado. She covers history, science, travel, food and beverage, sustainability, economics and other topics.

Gaza aid flotilla plans to challenge Israeli blockade, organizers say

ISTANBUL — A flotilla of ships bound for the Gaza Strip is preparing to sail from Turkey in the coming days, organizers say, on a mission aimed at breaching Israel’s naval blockade and highlighting the lack of aid reaching Palestinians in the besieged enclave.

The organizers, gathered under the banner of the Freedom Flotilla Coalition, have participated in similar missions for years, an effort that gained worldwide attention in 2010 after an Israeli raid on a flotilla that included a Turkish ship , the Mavi Marmara, killed 10 people and sparked a diplomatic crisis between Turkey and Israel.

But the flotilla’s well-traveled route — the Mediterranean — has gained new relevance during the current conflict as governments and relief organizations alike turn to sea deliveries to circumvent what aid groups say is Israel’s persistent obstruction of deliveries to Gaza over land.

The latest flotilla mission, which will include a cargo ship carrying more than 5,000 tons of aid, comes as global attention on Gaza’s worsening humanitarian crisis has waned, shifting to the escalating conflict between Israel and Iran. Apparent Turkish sensitivities over whether to allow the ships to depart have caused organizers to hedge on when exactly the voyage, which was scheduled to begin Sunday, would get underway.

The regional dynamics are “challenging,” Ann Wright, one of the flotilla organizers, said in a phone interview last week from Istanbul, where activists planning to join the maritime convoy were gathering. The mission is also at the “mercy of the port authorities” in Turkey, said Wright, a retired U.S. diplomat and former Army colonel who resigned from her State Department position in opposition to the 2003 U.S.-led invasion of Iraq.

“The ships are ready,” she said.

At a news conference Friday aboard one of the ships, Huwaida Arraf, a Palestinian American human rights attorney who has joined previous flotillas to Gaza, said, “Our governments have thus far done nothing but we call on them to start now, to uphold their own obligations under international law, to demand that Israel allow the flotilla safe passage to Gaza.

“We expect that Turkey will not be bought off and we will indeed sail,” she said. “Anything less than this is collaborating with the illegal siege on Gaza, and we don’t think that is what the Turkish government will do.”

The Israeli military did not immediately respond to a request to comment on the flotilla’s mission. Israeli channel N12 reported Saturday that “security preparations” had begun, including for taking over the flotilla. One of the groups participating in the voyage — a Turkish Islamic charity organization, IHH — is designated as a terrorist group by Israel. The group has denied links to terrorism.

Israel has argued for years that the naval blockade is justified to prevent weapons from reaching Hamas and other militant groups in Gaza — a policy that Arraf said was part of Israel’s “hermetic closure” of the territory that amounted to collective punishment of its population, and a war crime.

A report by a U.N. panel on the May 2010 Israeli raid called the naval blockade a “legitimate security measure,” but said that Israel’s boarding of the vessels “with such substantial force at a great distance from the blockade zone” was “excessive and unreasonable.”

Since October, Israel’s hindrance of aid deliveries by land, as well its attacks on relief organizations, have helped fuel a humanitarian crisis that has caused northern Gaza to slide into famine, according to aid officials and human rights groups.

The killing of seven World Central Kitchen workers by Israeli forces on April 1 highlighted the dangerous environment in which relief agencies operate. In the aftermath, the Biden administration warned Israel to swiftly address civilian suffering in Gaza or risk future U.S. support.

“This is a completely man-made and preventable situation,” Andrea De Domenico, the head of the U.N. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs in the occupied Palestinian territory, said during a press briefing last week. “I think there has been a lot of effort from our side and the Israeli side to some extent to increase the volume of aid that is going to the north,” he said, while adding that significant obstacles remained.

In a six-day period this month, “41 percent of our requests for operations in the north have been denied,” he said. For Gaza’s residents, “every day is literally a struggle to survive.”

In March, President Biden announced a plan to establish a maritime aid corridor to Gaza, shortly after the United States joined other countries in dropping relief supplies by air on the enclave. Humanitarian officials said that while any additional deliveries were welcome, they were no substitute for aid delivered by trucks.

Wright said the flotilla would include a cargo ship carrying food packages, water, ambulances and medical supplies including anesthesia. “We are trying to stop the starvation,” she said. “It’s not nearly enough. It will make a dent,” she said.

Flotilla participants were conducting nonviolence training last week, in advance of the scheduled departure, she said. “We hope that we can get into Gaza,” Wright said. But they were preparing for the myriad ways they could be turned back.

Many of the governments in the region had participated in stymieing previous Gaza missions, including Greece, which stopped boats from departing in 2011. The United States had warned its citizens not to participate in the missions, and offered “very little assistance” when American activists on the flotillas were detained and then deported by Israel, she said.

If the current mission got underway, they were possibly facing an “armada,” she said, with U.S. warships stationed in the waters off Israel.

Mustafa Ozbek, the media coordinator for IHH, said the organizers had notified the Turkish government, the United Nations and other international institutions about the mission.

Dylan Saba, a 31-year-old writer and attorney who was planning to travel with the flotilla, said he was joining in part because “there is an obligation for citizens of the world to act, where governments have failed, and to act in the spirit of international law.”

As a Palestinian whose father was born in Gaza, he said there was a “lot of symbolic value in being able to accompany this aid that we are attempting to deliver, not just to my distant family members who are living there, but all of the Palestinians of Gaza.”

“I feel very confident that this is the right thing for me to do,” he said. “But I would be lying to you if I said that I was not scared.”

Alon Rom in Tel Aviv contributed to this report.

Israel-Gaza war

The Israel-Gaza war has gone on for six months, and tensions have spilled into the surrounding region .

The war: On Oct. 7, Hamas militants launched an unprecedented cross-border attack on Israel that included the taking of civilian hostages at a music festival . (See photos and videos of how the deadly assault unfolded ). Israel declared war on Hamas in response, launching a ground invasion that fueled the biggest displacement in the region since Israel’s creation in 1948 .

Gaza crisis: In the Gaza Strip, Israel has waged one of this century’s most destructive wars , killing tens of thousands and plunging at least half of the population into “ famine-like conditions. ” For months, Israel has resisted pressure from Western allies to allow more humanitarian aid into the enclave .

U.S. involvement: Despite tensions between Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and some U.S. politicians , including President Biden, the United States supports Israel with weapons , funds aid packages , and has vetoed or abstained from the United Nations’ cease-fire resolutions.

History: The roots of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and mistrust are deep and complex, predating the establishment of the state of Israel in 1948 . Read more on the history of the Gaza Strip .

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