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9 Over-the-Counter Medicines You Should Pack for Every Trip

Ashley Rossi

Ashley Rossi is always ready for her next trip. Follow her on Twitter and Instagram for travel tips, destination ideas, and off the beaten path spots.

After interning at SmarterTravel, Ashley joined the team full time in 2015. She's lived on three continents, but still never knows where her next adventure will take her. She's always searching for upcoming destination hotspots, secluded retreats, and hidden gems to share with the world.

Ashley's stories have been featured online on USA Today, Business Insider, TripAdvisor, Huffington Post, Jetsetter, and Yahoo! Travel, as well as other publications.

The Handy Item I Always Pack : "A reusable filtered water bottle—it saves you money, keeps you hydrated, and eliminates waste—win-win."

Ultimate Bucket List Experience : "A week in a bamboo beach hut on India's Andaman Islands."

Travel Motto : "Travel light, often, and in good company."

Aisle, Window, or Middle Seat : "Window—best view in the house."

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Whether due to bad luck or unhealthy habits, I’ve gotten sick on the past few trips I’ve been on, which inspired me to find some travel medications to take with me in the future.

In preparing for a longer international trip, I visited a travel clinic and did some research on the CDC’s website. I was happy to find this checklist for a healthy trip and have included some over-the-counter medicine recommendations below.

It’s worth noting that you may also need some prescription medications (and/or vaccines) for things like malaria and altitude sickness , so if you’re traveling for an extended period of time, participating in a physically active trip, or headed to a remote country, make sure to visit a travel clinic .

Note that I didn’t include any first-aid items on this list because there’s an entirely different packing list for that: Download here .  

Over-the-Counter Diarrhea Medicine: Imodium or Pepto-Bismol

Ah, the most common and arguably most uncomfortable sickness to get when you travel. Though it’s most often caused by contaminated food or water, traveler’s diarrhea can happen anywhere—so it’s a good idea to bring an anti-diarrheal medication no matter the destination or type of trip.

Buy: Imodium or Pepto-Bismol

Over–the-Counter Antacid: TUMS or Pepcid

The last thing anyone wants to do on vacation is walk around with a stomachache or heartburn, especially with all the new food and drink you might want to try. Carry antacids on your trip and you can overindulge all you want.

Buy: TUMS or Pepcid  

Over-the-Counter Antihistamine: Claritin or Zyrtec

You can never be sure when allergies are going to creep up on you while traveling, especially if you’re headed to another climate. Combat its symptoms, including a stuffy nose, itchy eyes, and sneezing, by packing this travel medication.

Buy: Claritin or Zyrtec

Over-the-Counter Motion Sickness Medicine: Bonine or Dramamine

Nothing can ruin your travels quite like motion sickness on a plane, train, bus, or cruise ship. Instead of confining yourself to a trip of nausea and dizziness, bring medicine to travel like a champ. Benadryl, an antihistamine, can also work for motion sickness, but watch out for drowsiness.

Buy: Bonine or Dramamine

Over-the-Counter Cough Drops or Suppressant: Ricola or Halls

You’re at an increased risk for getting sick while traveling as your germ exposure skyrockets. Cough drops can bring temporary relief to a sore or ticklish throat and silence your coughs so you don’t annoy fellow travelers.

Buy: Ricola or Halls  

Over–the-Counter Decongestant: Sinex or Sudafed

Nobody likes traveling while congested. Whether it’s a cold or allergies, these over-the-counter medicines can relieve congestion and clear your head. Just make sure you pick a non-drowsy kind if you’re taking this during the day.

Buy: Sinex  or Sudafed

Over–the-Counter Pain and Fever Medicine: Tylenol or Advil

Instead of lying in bed all day, take pain and fever medicine so you can focus on being a tourist. These over-the-counter medicines can help with common travel ailments such as achy feet or jet lag-induced headaches.

Buy: Tylenol or Advil

Over-the-Counter Mild Laxative: MiraLAX or Dulcolax

All I’ll say is that you won’t regret packing these.

Buy: MiraLAX or Dulcolax  

Over-the-Counter Mild Sedative or Sleep Aid: ZzzQuil or Tylenol PM

Maybe you’re staying in a noisy place or you’re so jet-lagged you can’t sleep. Either way, these sleep aids will make sure you’re refreshed and ready for a day of travel.

Buy: ZzzQuil or Tylenol PM

Pin the Over-the-Counter Medical Travel List:

What to Pack on Your Next Trip

Women’s business casual outfit for travel with carry-on, shop the look.

Ribbed Puff Sleeve Tee

Dress Pant Yoga Pants

Stainless Steel Water Bottle

20-Inch & 28-Inch Trunk Rolling Luggage Set

How to Pack your Carry-On

Medium Carry-On

Wireless Headphones

Beneath a Scarlet Sky: A Novel

Water Bottle

Men’s Comfortable Work Business Outfit for a Flight

Tech Button Down Shirt

Commuter Pants

Chrono Leather Watch

Leather Jeans Belt

Cycia Shoes

Women’s “ridiculously comfortable travel clothes that don’t sacrifice style” outfit 1.

Cozy Up T-shirt

High Rise Skinny Jeans

Bracelet Watch

Chain Crossbody Bag

Baryky Boot

Women’s european packing guide.

Magnetic Phone Case

Men’s amazon-based casual outfit.

Stretch Chino Shorts

Wrist Watch

Laptop Backpack

Running Shoe

Carry-on options for your next trip 1.

Expandable Suitcase Spinner

Metro Backpack

Canvas Tote

Women’s semi-fancy, formal summer dress outfit.

Jewel Quartz Earrings

Tie Neck Satin Dress

Killawatt Freestyle Highlighter

Leather Wallet

Nicole Pumps

Carry-on options for your next trip 2.

22-Inch Packing Case

Wheeled Carry-On Duffel

22-Inch Rolling Spinner Carry-On

Men’s outfit for walking to tijuana.

Paper Plane Print Tee

No Sweat Relaxed Fit Shorts

Vintage Canvas Backpack

More from SmarterTravel:

• Must-Pack Medications for Travel
• What to Do If You’re Caught in an Emergency Situation Abroad
• The Ultimate Checklist for Traveling Abroad

Some review products are sent to us free of charge and with no incentive to offer a favorable review. We offer our unbiased opinions, positive and negative, and will never accept compensation to review a product.

Ashley Rossi is always ready for her next trip. Follow her on   Twitter   and   Instagram   for travel tips, destination ideas, and off the beaten path spots.

Alyssa Lukpat also contributed to this article.

Editor’s note: This story was originally published in 2018. It has been updated to reflect the most current information.

We hand-pick everything we recommend and select items through testing and reviews. Some products are sent to us free of charge with no incentive to offer a favorable review. We offer our unbiased opinions and do not accept compensation to review products. All items are in stock and prices are accurate at the time of publication. If you buy something through our links, we may earn a commission.

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Hyoscine for travel sickness Joy Rides, Kwells, Scopoderm

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Hyoscine for travel sickness

Joy rides, kwells, scopoderm, in this article, about hyoscine, before taking hyoscine, how to use hyoscine, getting the most from your treatment, can hyoscine cause problems, how to store hyoscine, important information about all medicines.

Hyoscine is an effective medicine for travel sickness . It works by preventing the confusing messages going to your brain.

There are a number of different brands of tablet available which contain hyoscine as a salt, called hyoscine hydrobromide. You can buy these without a prescription at pharmacies. There are two strengths of tablets available: 300 microgram tablets for adults, and 150 microgram tablets for children. The dose for younger children will require halving a tablet.

There is also a product called Scopoderm® 1.5 mg patch. This is a patch for people aged 10 years or over. You stick the patch on to the skin behind your ear 5-6 hours before your journey, and then remove it at the end of the journey. The patch releases hyoscine through your skin and into your bloodstream.

One of the other effects of hyoscine is that it causes a dry mouth. It is sometimes prescribed by doctors for this reason, rather than to prevent travel sickness.

There is also a similar-sounding medicine called hyoscine butylbromide. This is an antispasmodic medicine which is used to relieve pain caused by tummy (abdominal) cramps. There is more information about this in a separate medicine leaflet called Hyoscine butylbromide tablets .

To make sure this is the right treatment for you, before you (or your child) start taking hyoscine, it is important that your doctor or pharmacist knows:

• If you are pregnant or breastfeeding.
• If you are unwell and have a high temperature (fever).
• If you have digestive system problems such as reflux disease, diarrhoea, or ulcerative colitis.
• If you have an eye condition called glaucoma.
• If you have high blood pressure, a fast heart rate, or any other heart problems.
• If you have problems with your liver, kidneys or prostate gland.
• If you have epilepsy.
• If you have a condition causing muscle weakness, called myasthenia gravis.
• If you have Down's syndrome.
• If you are taking any other medicines. This includes any medicines you are taking which are available to buy without a prescription, as well as herbal and complementary medicines.
• If you have ever had an allergic reaction to a medicine.
• Before you start this treatment, read the manufacturer's printed information leaflet from inside the pack. It will give you more information about hyoscine, including a full list of the side-effects which you may experience from taking it.
• For adults and children over 10 years of age: 150-300 micrograms.
• For those aged 4-10 years: 75-150 micrograms.
• For those aged 3-4 years: 75 micrograms.
• You should take a dose of tablets 30-60 minutes before the start of the journey, and then repeat the dose after six hours if needed. There is a maximum number of tablets that can be taken in any 24-hour period, so remember to check the directions on the label carefully to make sure that you (or your child) do not take more than the recommended daily amount.
• Read the label on the pack carefully to see whether the tablets should be sucked or chewed, or simply swallowed with a drink of water.
• If you have been prescribed Scopoderm® 1.5 mg patches:
• Stick one patch to the skin just behind your ear 5-6 hours before the start of your journey and remember to remove it after your arrival.
• The effect of the patch can last up to 72 hours, so it is suitable for people taking long journeys.
• Once removed, fold the patch in half so it sticks together and dispose of it carefully.
• Remember to wash your hands after handling the patches, and also it is important to clean behind your ear after you have removed the patch. This is to make sure you remove any remaining traces of hyoscine from your skin.
• Do not apply more than one patch at a time and do not cut the patches unless your doctor or a pharmacist tells you to.
• Hyoscine can make you sleepy, and if you are using the patches, you may still feel sleepy the following day. If this happens, do not drive and do not use tools or machines until you feel well again. Also, avoid drinking alcohol, as this will increase the feelings of sleepiness.
• When you buy any medicines, you should always check with a pharmacist that they are safe to take alongside your other medicines. This is particularly important with hyoscine because it can increase the side-effects from some other treatments.
• Looking out of a window or sitting with your head tilted slightly backwards.
• Taking regular breaks in your journey to have some fresh air and drink some cold water.
• Breathing deeply and slowly while you listen to music.

Along with their useful effects, most medicines can cause unwanted side-effects although not everyone experiences them. The table below contains some of the most common ones associated with hyoscine. You will find a full list in the manufacturer's information leaflet supplied with your medicine. Speak with your doctor or pharmacist if any of the following continue or become troublesome.

Important: on rare occasions more serious side-effects can occur when using hyoscine hydrobromide patches (Scopoderm ® patches). This is more likely if using the patches in a way the manufacturer did not intend, for example cutting patches or using more than one patch. People using hyoscine patches, or their carers, should be alert for signs that the dose is too high. These can include: a high temperature (fever), difficulty passing urine, confusion, disorientation, seeing or hearing things that are not there (hallucinations), fits or convulsions, reduced consciousness and difficulty breathing. If you notice any of these symptoms, remove the patch(es) immediately and seek medical help.

• Keep all medicines out of the reach and sight of children.
• Store in a cool, dry place, away from direct heat and light.

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Further reading and references

Manufacturer's PIL, Joy-Rides® Tablets ; Teva UK Limited, The electronic Medicines Compendium. Dated October 2020.

Manufacturer's PIL, Kwells® Kids ; Dexcel Pharma Ltd, The electronic Medicines Compendium. Dated May 2022.

Manufacturer's PIL, Kwells® 300 microgram tablets ; Dexcel Pharma Ltd, The electronic Medicines Compendium. Dated May 2022.

Manufacturer's PIL, Scopoderm® 1.5 mg Patch ; GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare, The electronic Medicines Compendium. Dated August 2021.

Medicines Complete BNF 86th Edition ; British Medical Association and Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, London.

Related Information

• Scopolamine skin patch for nausea (Transderm Scop)
• Health Advice for Travel Abroad
• Nausea Medicine
• Antispasmodics
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

For about the past 2 years I have suffered from a sudden feeling of visual imbalance or cross-eyed sensation (although not actually cross-eyed)! This in turn causes a type of vertigo involving loss... katewarn39

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Disclaimer: This article is for information only and should not be used for the diagnosis or treatment of medical conditions. Egton Medical Information Systems Limited has used all reasonable care in compiling the information but make no warranty as to its accuracy. Consult a doctor or other health care professional for diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions. For details see our conditions .

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Travacalm Travel Sickness Original 10 Tablets

Description:

Use TravaCalm Original Tablets for the prevention of travel sickness.

The triple active formula is specially formulated with two ingredients to help prevent travel sickness, as well as caffeine to help counteract drowsiness. TravaCalm contains a combination of dimenhydrinate, hyoscine hydrobromide and caffeine. Dimenhydrinate is an antihistamine that has an anti-vomiting effect. Hyoscine hydrobromide is an anticholinergic drug. Anticholinergics have a wide variety of actions and are well known for their use in the prevention of travel sickness. Dimenhydrinate is longer acting than hyoscine hydrobromide. Both ingredients may cause drowsiness. The addition of caffeine helps to counteract the drowsiness’s, itchy nose & runny nose.

TravaCalm Original is for the prevention of travel sickness when travelling by car, boat, ship or plane. 

Suitable for children aged 4 years and over.

Ingredients:

Each tablet contains: Dimenhydrate 50mg, Hyoscine hydrobromide 200 mcg, Caffeine 20mg Acacia, Hydrogenated vegetable oil, Lactose monohydrate, Magnesium stearate, Wheat starch

Usage Directions:

Take 30 minutes before departure.

Adults: 1 or 2 tablets. Repeat four to six hourly if necessary (do not exceed 4 tablets in 24 hours).

Children: Not recommended for children under 4 years of age. 4 to 7 years take half a tablet. 8 to 13 years take one tablet. Repeat six to eight hourly if necessary (do not exceed three doses in 24 hours).

Store in a cool dry environment.

Store below 30°C Protect from light and moisture

Always read the label and follow the directions for use. If symptoms persist, talk to your healthcare professional. Keep out of reach of children.

Ask your doctor or pharmacist before use, if you are pregnant or likely to become pregnant.

While using this product, it may cause drowsiness if affected do not drive a vehicle or operate heavy machinery.

Avoid alcohol. Contains lactose.

Delivery Charges

FREE standard shipping on orders $80+ (save $6.95).

FREE express shipping* on orders $119+ (save $9.95)

Ordering a prescription item? You’ll automatically receive free standard shipping, too.** How good!

• Same day delivery is offered for just $5 for orders $119 or more. For orders under $119, same day delivery costs $10.95.  

* A shipping handling fee may apply at the checkout for orders weighing 10kg or more

** Any cold-chain items will carry a $9.95 Express Cold-Chain Shipping fee

*** Certain items and areas may be eligible for Same Day Delivery, and if selected will carry a $10.90 delivery fee

See shipping & returns policy for more details. 

How Do Returns & Refunds Work?

All products you buy from the Healthylife website are covered by the Healthylife  Returns Policy .

Please read our full  Returns Policy  to find out how to return a product that is faulty or if you have changed your mind.  

How We Handle Them:

Change of mind.

If you've had a change of mind about an item you have ordered, we'll need to receive it back to us unopened and unused, in the original packaging.

Faulty Item

If the item you have received is faulty, please contact us with a detailed description of the product fault, alongside a photo if possible.

Allergic Reaction

• In the rare instance you've had an allergic reaction to a product, please discontinue use of the product immediately. We may reach out for further information on the reaction.

Allergy returns must be less than 20% used upon arrival back to us.

Incorrect / Damaged Items

If you have received an item that isn't what you ordered, or it arrived damaged, please take a photo and contact us within 7 days of delivery. 

Please don't dispose of the item without informing us.  

What Items Are Restricted For Returns*?

We will not accept Change of Mind Returns for the following items:

• Rapid antigen tests
• Baby formula
• Prescription Medicine 
• Compounded ‘Pharmacy Only’ Items 
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• Refrigerated Items 
• Bulk / Special Orders 
• Personalised items, digital downloads, prepaid cards or vouchers;
• Clearance items;
• Items that are advertised as not eligible for change of mind returns.

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Travacalm Original

Generic Name: Caffeine; Dimenhydrinate; Hyoscine hydrobromide Product Name: Travacalm Original

Travacalm Original  is indicated for prevention of motion sickness in adults and children greater or equal to 4 years.

Dimenhydrinate, one of the active ingredients of Travacalm Original, is an antihistamine with central anticholinergic effects and is highly effective in the prevention of motion sickness.

Hyoscine hydrobromide also has strong anticholinergic effects.

Caffeine is used to counteract the sedative side effects of the other two ingredients, dimenhydrinate and hyoscine hydrobromide.

Dose advice

Dose information:

• Travacalm Original tablets may be taken with or without food.
• Travacalm Original tablets may be crushed and mixed with water, jam or honey before giving to children or those with swallowing difficulties.
• Travacalm Original is most effective when use for prevention but may have some effectiveness once symptoms are present.
• Travacalm Original may cause drowsiness. If you are affected, do not drive or operate machineries as your alerness may be compromised.
• Avoid drinking alcohol or other medications that may potentiate the sedating effects of Travacalm Original.

Contraindications:

Travacalm Original should not be used

• if you have known allergy to active ingredients of Travacalm Original, dimenhydrinate, hyoscine hydrobromide, caffeine
• in children under 2 years old
• if you are lactose intolerant

Precautions:

You must tell your doctor if you

• have glaucoma
• have emphysema
• have chronic pulmonary disease
• have shortness of breath
• have difficulty in breathing
• have difficulty in urination due to enlargement of the prostat gland
• have urinary retention
• have acute porphyria
• have epilepsy or seizure disorders
• are taking any other medicines, including those that you buy without a prescription from your pharmacy, supermarket or health food store
• are pregnant
• are breasfeeding or intend to breastfeed

Use in pregnancy ( Category B2 ):

Despite it is consider safe to use Travacal original during pregnancy, you should check with your doctor before using Travacalm Original.

Small amounts of Travacalm Original active ingredients are excreted in breast milk. Travacalm Original should not be given to breastfeeding mothers unless the benefits of therapy outweigh the potential risks.

Travacalm Original is Schedule 2 .

Common side effects

All medicines have side effects. Most commonly the side effects are minor, however some can be more serious. Usually the benefits of taking a medication outweigh the associated side effects. Your doctor would have considered these side effects before starting you on Travacalm original.

Common side effects are those which occur in more than 1% of patients given Travacalm Original. These include:

• Blurred vision
• Incoordination
• Palpitations
• Low blood presure

Uncommon side effects

Side effects which occur in less than 0.1% of patients given Travacalm original are considered uncommon. If you experience any of the listed side effects, or any other symptoms which appear abnormal or unusual, please tell your doctor.

• blood dyscrasias (prolonged therapy)
• fixed drug erruption
• Australian Medicines Handbook. Dimenhydrinate. January 2008 [cited 2008 September 7]. Available from: [ URL Link ]
• Australian Medicines Handbook. Hyoscine hydrobromide. January 2008 [cited 2008 September 7]. Available from: [ URL Link ]
• MIMS Online. Travacalm Original. [cited 2008 September 7]. Available from: [ URL Link ]

For further information talk to your doctor.

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Hyoscine hydrobromide (Kwells and Joy-Rides) - Other brand names: Kwells Kids, Travel Calm, Scopoderm

Find out how hyoscine hydrobromide treats travel sickness and how to take it.

• About hyoscine hydrobromide
• Who can and cannot take it
• How and when to take it
• Side effects
• Pregnancy, breastfeeding and fertility
• Taking it with other medicines and herbal supplements
• Common questions

Related conditions

• Motion sickness

Travel sickness self-care

by myDr | Pharmacy Care , Travel Health

General Information

See your pharmacist or medical professional, treatment tips, treatment options, more information.

Travel or motion sickness may occur in any type of moving vehicle, such as a car, boat or plane.

It may be due to either an over-stimulation of the balance mechanisms located within the inner ear, or to a temporary inability of the brain to process conflicting information arising from the various sensory systems monitoring balance within the body.

The sensory systems involved are:

• inner ears, which monitor the direction of motion
• eyes, which monitor where the body is and the direction of motion
• skin pressure sensors, which monitor what parts of the body are touching the ground
• muscles and joint sensors, which monitor what parts of the body are moving

For example, in a boat tossed about by waves, your ears and skin detect that you are moving, but your eyes are focused on the cabin wall. Signals from your inner ears, skin, and eyes are in conflict, and this is what makes you feel sea-sick.

Children aged 2 to 12 years are more likely to have travel sickness than adults and younger children. Women are more susceptible to travel sickness than men; this may be related to hormonal changes during pregnancy and menstruation.

Having a stomach filled with fatty, spicy food and fizzy or alcoholic drinks can make someone more likely to feel sick during travel. Feeling anxious, tired or unwell can also increase the risk of travel sickness. Some people develop a conditioned response, so that even just sitting in a car can make them feel sick.

Once the person with travel sickness has vomited, they normally feel better, although symptoms may return and become more severe. After a few days of exposure to the motion, such as on a boat, people will adapt. Symptoms of travel sickness can settle down and even disappear.

Travel sickness tends to improve once you reach your destination; however, it may take a few hours or days to improve completely, as you will need to re-adapt to the lack of movement once motion stops.

Symptoms of travel sickness

• hyperventilating (rapid, deep breathing)
• looking pale
• producing more saliva than normal
• if you have stomach discomfort, nausea or vomiting – especially if these symptoms persist after travel is completed
• if you have become pale, especially in the face
• if you are sweating, or feeling hot
• if you have goose pimples and are feeling cold
• if you feel dizzy, faint or have an ear infection or ear pain
• if you feel sick when you move your head
• if the person with travel sickness is a child, and they have become quiet and withdrawn
• if you have severe anxiety associated with travel, such as fear of flying, which may require specialist counselling
• if your symptoms have become worse over time
• if you are pregnant or breastfeeding; some products may not be suitable for you (ask your pharmacist)
• if you have other medical conditions (e.g. glaucoma, epilepsy or heart disease), or take other medicines, such as for depression; some products may not be suitable for you (ask your pharmacist)
• if you have problems urinating or prostate problems; some products may not be suitable for you (ask your pharmacist)
• if you have allergies to any medicines
• the best way to treat travel sickness is to prevent it
• avoid heavy, fatty and spicy meals and alcohol before travelling
• a light, simple meal about one hour before travel is best. Glucose, such as lollies or lemonade and biscuits, are useful snacks
• peppermint or ginger taken an hour before travel may help
• stay calm and relaxed before travel and, if possible, stop for breaks during the trip
• sit in the most stable area to keep motion at a minimum, such as over an aeroplane wing, in the front seat of a car, or on a ship’s deck
• sit facing in the direction you are travelling, so that a distant, stable reference point can be seen, such as the road ahead or the horizon
• lie down (if possible), use a head support and close your eyes to reduce head movement
• avoid activities, such as reading, that encourage looking down and require close visual concentration
• listen to music or do something to distract you
• get plenty of fresh air if possible (open personal air vents on planes)
• make sure you have plenty of sick bags in case you vomit
• bring an oral rehydration solution as a precaution for dehydration caused by vomiting
• medicines are more effective if you use them to prevent travel sickness. They can be taken from 30 minutes to 2 hours before travel. Some can be taken up to 5 to 6 hours before travel, or the night before
• some preparations are not suitable for children; check manufacturer’s directions. Sedating antihistamines should not be used for the prevention and treatment of motion sickness in children under the age of 2 and should be used with caution in older children.
• side effects of medicines for travel sickness may include drowsiness, blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation and confusion; stop taking the medicine if you experience any of these and they bother you
• do not drink alcohol with medicines that make you drowsy
• young children and elderly people are more sensitive to side effects of medicines. Rarely, some travel sickness medicines cause children to become over-excited; stop using the medicine if this happens

[PHARMACY ONLY] e.g. hyoscine hydrobromide (Kwells, Travacalm HO)

• make sure the correct dose is used according to the age of the person (check product instructions)
• hyoscine hydrobromide has a shorter duration of action therefore is recommended for shorter journeys
• the first dose should be taken 30 minutes before travel
• this medication may cause drowsiness

Antihistamines

[PHARMACY ONLY]

e.g. promethazine theoclate (Avomine) 10 pack

[PHARMACIST ONLY] e.g. promethazine hydrochloride ( Phenergan )

• promethazine needs to be taken 1 to 2 hours prior to travel and is useful for longer travel times
• this medication will cause drowsiness
• should not be used if you are doing any water activities, such as deep-water diving, or you will be operating heavy machinery

Combination products

[PHARMACY ONLY] e.g. hyoscine hydrobromide, dimenhydrinate, caffeine (Travacalm Original)

Acupressure wrist bands

[GENERAL SALE] e.g. Sea-Band

• these bands are placed on acupressure points on your wrists to help reduce feelings of nausea related to travel
• there have been reports of success; however, this depends on correctly placing the bands
• they can be used by people of all ages and during pregnancy

Other products

[GENERAL SALE] e.g.ginger (Travacalm Natural, Blackmores Travel Calm Ginger)

• does not cause drowsiness and is a more suitable option in pregnancy at the recommended dose

Availability of medicines

• GENERAL SALE available through pharmacies and possibly other retail outlets.
• PHARMACY ONLY available for sale through pharmacies only.
• PHARMACIST ONLY may only be sold by a pharmacist.

Search myDr for Consumer Medicine Information

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Brand name: Travacalm Original TM

Active ingredients: dimenhydrinate + hyoscine hydrobromide + caffeine

What it is used for

For the prevention of travel sickness .

How to take it

The way to take this medicine is: Oral. This medicine is taken by mouth.

• Store below 30 degrees Celsius
• Protect from Light
• Protect from Moisture
• Shelf lifetime is 3 Years.

You should seek medical advice in relation to medicines and use only as directed by a healthcare professional.

Always read the label. If symptoms persist see your healthcare professional.

Visual appearance

Flat white tablet with a half score on one side. 9.0 mm diameter

Do I need a prescription?

What is the medicines and poisons schedule.

This medicine is available from a pharmacy without prescription. It is Schedule 2 : Pharmacy Medicine. open tool tip to find out more

This medicine contains the active ingredients:

• dimenhydrinate + hyoscine hydrobromide + caffeine

If you are over 65 years of age, there may be specific risks and recommendations for use of this medicine. Please discuss your individual circumstances with your pharmacist, doctor or health professional. For more information read our page on medication safety for older people .

Reporting side effects

You can help ensure medicines are safe by reporting the side effects you experience.

You can report side effects to your doctor, or directly at www.tga.gov.au/reporting-problems

Need more information?

These trusted information partners have more on this topic.

Top results

Travel sickness self-care - MyDr.com.au

Travel or motion sickness may occur in any type of moving vehicle, such as a car, boat or plane. Find out what products are available for travel sickness.

Read more on myDr website

Motion sickness - MyDr.com.au

Many people eventually grow out of motion sickness (travel sickness), but for those who don’t there are treatments available and things you can do to help prevent it and ease the symptoms.

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Boots Travel Calm - 12 Tablets

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Prevents and relieves the unpleasant effect of travel sickness in adults and children. See details below, always read the label

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Product details

Suitable for.

Adults and children aged 3 and over.

Age Restriction You must be at least 16 years old to purchase this product.

Please read the enclosed leaflet carefully before use. Before you take this medicine Chew or swallow the first tablet (or part tablet) twenty minutes before your journey begins. How to take this medicine Check the foil is not broken before use. If it is, do not take that tablet.

Hazards and Cautions

Do not give to children under 3 years. Do not exceed the stated dose. Warning: May cause drowsiness. If affected do not drive or operate machinery. Avoid alcoholic drink. Keep all medicines out of the sight and reach of children. Storage Do not store above 30°C Use by the date on the end flap of the carton. If you need more advice ask your pharmacist. Precautions This is a medicine; • Consult your doctor or pharmacist if you have an underlying medical condition, are taking any other medication or complementary therapy, or if symptoms persist • Seek advice before using if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, breastfeeding or suffer from allergies.

Active ingredients

Hyoscine Hydrobromide

Ingredients

Active ingredients: Each tablet contains Hyoscine Hydrobromide 0.3 mg Also contains: glucose

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TravaCalm Original

TravaCalm Original is for the prevention of travel sickness. The triple active formula is specially formulated with two ingredients to help prevent travel sickness, as well as caffeine to help counteract drowsiness.

Ideal for longer duration trips 1 .

Suitable for adults and children aged 4 years and over.

Take 30 minutes before departure.

• Adults: 1 or 2 tablets. Repeat four to six hourly if necessary (do not exceed 4 tablets in 24 hours).
• Children: Not recommended for children under 4 years of age. 4 to 7 years take half a tablet. 8 to 13 years take one tablet. Repeat six to eight hourly if necessary (do not exceed three doses in 24 hours).

INGREDIENTS

Active ingredients per tablet:

• Dimenhydrinate 50mg
• Hyoscine hydrobromide 200 micrograms
• Caffeine 20mg

Contains lactose and a small/trace amounts of gluten, less than 20 parts per million.

Q. When should I take TravaCalm Original for motion sickness?

A. Take the first dose 30 minutes before departure to prevent motion sickness.

If you suffer from motion sickness, or think that you may experience motion sickness, it’s best to take TravaCalm

Original before you travel, that is, before you experience any symptoms of motion sickness.

Q. Does TravaCalm Original contain gluten?

A. TravaCalm Original contains a small/trace amounts of gluten, less than 20 parts per million.

You can also try the Travacalm Travel Band (a drug-free device worn on the wrist).

Q. Is TravaCalm Original suitable for me if I have difficulty swallowing tablets?

A. TravaCalm Original can be crushed and mixed with water, jam or honey before giving to young children or people who have difficulty swallowing tablets. It can be given to children 4 years of age and older.

Q. Can TravaCalm Original be used by children?

A. TravaCalm Original can be given to children 4 years of age and older.

  Q. Can TravaCalm Original cause drowsiness?

A. TravaCalm Original may cause drowsiness. If you feel drowsy, do not drive a vehicle or operate machinery.

There are other options. TravaCalm Ginger is a non-drowsy formula and the TravaCalm Travel Band is a drug-free device that does not cause drowsiness.

1. Oosterveld J Travel Med 1995; 2182-185. Graudins L. Aust Prescr 2009;32:61–3

Products in the same range

TravaCalm H.O. Chewable

TravaCalm Ginger

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Why do I get travel sickness?

Why doesn't everyone get travel sickness, what are the symptoms of travel sickness, what can i do about travel sickness apart from taking medicines, what medicines help travel sickness, how do i use scopoderm patches, which travel sickness medicine will work best for me, i am over 60 years, which travel sickness treatment is best for me, i take other medicines - can i take travel sickness medication, can i drink alcohol with travel sickness medicines, i'm pregnant or breastfeeding - can i take travel sickness medication, can i drive whilst taking travel sickness medication, i have sensitive skin - can i use the scopoderm patches, i have a sticky plaster allergy - can i use scopoderm patches, are the side effects of the medicines worse than the travel sickness, is there lactose in travel sickness pills.

Travel sickness is caused by a mismatch of signals to the brain between your eyes and the balance mechanism in your inner ear. The brain is confused and reacts with symptoms of travel sickness.

Scientists still don't have the answer to this one, though it seems that women and migraine sufferers are more likely to develop motion sickness. There is a suggestion that it runs in families and that our bodies can adapt and become less susceptible. In particular, seasick sailors will often acclimatise after 3 or 4 days at sea.

The main symptoms of travel sickness are pale, cold, sweaty skin, dizziness, and vomiting. The sufferer will tend to become quiet and withdrawn. If it becomes very severe, especially with a prolonged sea sickness, you can also suffer from headache, lethargy, lack of concentration, and repeated vomiting leading to dehydration.

You can try several other things as well as, or instead of, medicines - they include:

• Sitting in a calmer part of the car, boat, or plane such as the front seat, centre of the boat, or by the wing on a plane.
• Focusing your eyes on the distance or the route ahead by steering the boat or driving (only if not severely affected).
• Stay in fresh air either outside or with an open window.
• Sleeping or resting with your eyes closed.
• Don't focus on close objects such as looking at screens or reading.
• Do not eat heavy spicy meals or take alcohol, and avoid cooking smells.
• Break up the journey if possible.
• You can buy acupressure bands and anti-motion sickness glasses which some people find helpful.

Dr Fox supplies hyoscine, promethazine, and cinnarizine to treat travel sickness. Hyoscine can be used as a patch ( Scopoderm ) or tablets ( Kwells ). Promethazine ( Avomine ) and cinnarizine ( Stugeron ) are tablets. All treatments are most effective if started before you travel and feel unwell but may help to improve symptoms if you are already feeling sick.

The patch is stuck on the skin behind your ear and lasts for 3 days. After this it should be removed and a new patch placed behind the other ear if required. More details on the Scopoderm page and in the Scopoderm patient leaflet . It is important to remove one patch before starting another to prevent overdose and also to wash your hands after touching the patch. Avoid touching your eyes after handling the patch.

Dr Fox offers three different tablets and patches. The table below shows the major differences. It depends on the length of your intended journey. Some people will get on better with one tablet than another, or prefer to use a patch.

If over 60 you should NOT take Kwells (hyoscine) or use Scopoderm patches (hyoscine) without discussing with your regular doctor first. You can take the antihistamine tablets, either Avomine (promethazine) or Stugeron (cinnarizine). If you are also taking other medicines or have certain medical conditions you may not be able to take these either. Checks are carried out during the online medical consultation .

Anti-travel sickness medications can interact with some other tablets and medicines. Checks are carried out during the online medical consultation , but you should also read the patient information leaflet and if in doubt check with your usual doctor.

Alcohol should not be taken with any of the travel sickness medications.

Please discuss with your regular doctor if you suffer from severe travel sickness and are pregnant or breastfeeding. The medications supplied by Dr Fox are not recommended to be taken when pregnant or breastfeeding. However in cases of extreme morning sickness - Hyperemesis gravidarum, doctors do occasionally prescribe similar medications. This is a specialist area and Dr Fox does not prescribe in pregnancy or to breastfeeding mums.

Further information

• Medicines in pregnancy - Hyoscine (Scopoderm, Kwells)
• Medicines in pregnancy - Promethazine (Avomine)

All travel sickness medications can cause drowsiness and so you should not take them and drive, until you are sure that your body has adjusted to them, usually after a few days. Often the driver of a vehicle feels less travel sick as they are concentrating on the road ahead and there is less mismatch of movement signals to the brain. Do not drive if you are feeling very travel sick.

Some people with sensitive skin do develop itching and soreness at the site of the patch. If this happens it will affect the absorption so the patch should be removed and an alternative travel sickness medication used instead.

If you have a known plaster/patch allergy, it would be preferable to choose an alternative anti-sickness method.

There are a lot of potential side effects from these medications but in reality most people do not have many problems and the medication enables them to undertake journeys which would otherwise be very miserable. If you suffer badly from travel sickness, and have already tried the non medical methods, then it would definitely be worth looking at the product information pages ( Scopoderm , Kwells , Avomine , Stugeron ) to see if there is a suitable option for you to try.

• There is no lactose in Kwells.
• Avomine contains lactose.
• Stugeron contains lactose and sucrose.

Authored 23 September 2020 by Dr A. Wood MB ChB Manchester University 1984. NHS GP in Bristol. GMC no. 2855422

Reviewed by Dr C. Pugh , Dr B. Babor Last reviewed 04 August 2023 Last updated 27 March 2024 Editorial policy

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• Cochrane Database Syst Rev

Antihistamines for motion sickness

Nadine karrim.

University of Kwazulu Natal, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, DurbanSouth Africa,

Nombulelo Magula

Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, DurbanSouth Africa,

Yougan Saman

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows:

To assess the effectiveness of antihistamines in the prevention and treatment of motion sickness in adults and children.

Description of the condition

Motion sickness is a syndrome that occurs as a result of passive body movement in response to actual motion, or the illusion of motion when exposed to virtual and moving visual environments. It generally occurs as a physiological response in a healthy person with an intact vestibular system; however, the presentation may be modulated by various pathologies ( Bertolini 2016 ; Murdin 2015 ).

Presentation

The presentation can include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, gastric awareness, increased sensitivity to odours, headaches (including migraines), dizziness, sweating, pallor, sensations of bodily warmth, increased salivation, bradycardia, arterial hypotension, general malaise, repetitive yawning and sopite syndrome ( Bertolini 2016 ; Golding 2015 ). Space motion sickness differs from general motion sickness and is characterised by sudden projectile vomiting within minutes of weightlessness ( Thornton 2013 ). Symptoms produced by motion sickness may be severe enough to have a negative impact on cognition and performance ( Matsangas 2014 ).

Epidemiology

Historically, motion sickness was first described in seafarers ( Hippocrates ). A recent study undertaken on expedition ships to Antarctica has shown that motion sickness was the most common reason for consultation, with 150 out of a total of 680 physician consultations for prophylaxis followed by an additional 142 visits (27%, 4.2 per 1000 person‐days) for treatment ( Schutz 2014 ).

Car sickness can affect most people with varying degrees of severity, under the right circumstances ( Wada 2015 ), and is worse in passengers than drivers ( Dong 2011 ). In one study it occurred in 25.9% of experienced rally co‐drivers, while reading and while seated as rear‐seat passengers ( Perrin 2013 ). It may also prove a significant factor in the use of autonomous cars ( Diels 2016 ), and on tilting trains, but can be influenced by compensation strategies ( Förstberg 1998 ). Space motion sickness affects 50% of astronauts within the first 24 to 72 hours of weightlessness ( Thornton 2013 ). Virtual reality has been shown to induce motion sickness ( Nishiike 2013 ), and an incidence of up to 56% has been demonstrated with the use of video games ( Stoffregen 2008 ). Amongst cinema patrons, 54.8% experienced motion sickness after viewing a 3D movie compared to 14.1% after viewing a 2D movie ( Solimini 2013 ).

Motion sickness is rare in children under the age of two, but increases through childhood with a peak incidence at age nine, followed by a progressive decline through adolescence and adulthood ( Henriques 2014 ). There is a slight preponderance in females ( Henriques 2014 ; Paillard 2013 ; Perrin 2013 ).

Ménière’s disease and vestibular migraines are associated with increased motion sensitivity ( Sharon 2014 ). A similar association between patients with vestibular migraines and those with migraines without vestibular symptoms has been shown ( Murdin 2015 ). Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and vestibular neuritis show no association with motion sickness ( Golding 2015 ). Bilateral vestibular failure has a protective effect against the susceptibility to motion sickness, although this is not seen with unilateral vestibular failure ( Murdin 2015 ).

Aetiology/pathophysiology

The sensory conflict or mismatch theory suggests that conflict arises between one's visual, proprioceptive and vestibular systems when the actual motion experienced differs from the anticipated motion ( Reason 1978 ). Oman 1990 suggested that the difference between all the true sensory input and all the expected sensory information results in the conflict vector. The larger this vector, the greater the likelihood and severity of motion sickness. Bles 1998 further postulated that only vertical input is responsible for motion sickness, suggesting an alternate theory known as the subjective vertical conflict theory, while Holly 1996 expanded this to include all translations. Another hypothesis suggests a link between motion sickness and the time constant of velocity storage ( Cohen 2003 ).

A genetic predisposition showed concordance of 70% in childhood and 50% in adulthood in monozygotic and dizygotic twins ( Reavley 2006 ).

The Reason and Brand Motion Sickness Susceptibility Questionnaire remains the most widely used tool to assess susceptibility to motion sickness ( Golding 1998 ). Once symptoms have been established, Graybiel’s diagnostic criteria may be used to grade the severity of motion sickness ( Graybiel 1968 ). There is no laboratory test that is pathognomonic of motion sickness. Electrogastrography ( Cevette 2014 ), vestibular evoked myogenic potentials ( Tal 2013 ), vestibulo‐ocular reflexes ( Tanguy 2008 ), caloric testing ( Sharon 2014 ), computerised dynamic posturography ( Tal 2010 ), neurochemical markers (ACTH, epinephrine, norepinephrine) ( Kohl 1985 ), and measurements of autonomic activity ( Cowings 1986 ) have all been used to evaluate and study motion sickness.

Habituation is an effective countermeasure to motion sickness ( Cowings 2000 ). It is influenced by the intensity and frequency of exposure to the stimulus, and it is potentiated by controlled breathing ( Yen Pik Sang 2005 ). While playing video games, passive restraint ( Chang 2013 ) and being in control reduce the onset of motion sickness. Reducing passive head movements and postural instability by viewing the horizon and widening one's stance have been shown to be protective ( Stoffregen 2013 ), although the same is not true for artificial horizons ( Tal 2012 ). Optokinetic training reduced sea sickness in 71.4% of participants compared to 12% in the control group ( Ressiot 2013 ). Stroboscopic illumination may also be protective against motion sickness, possibly by reducing retinal slip ( Webb 2013 ). Other methods such as galvanic vestibular stimulation in synchrony with the visual field ( Cevette 2014 ), acupuncture, acupressure, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation ( Chu 2012 ), ginger ( Lien 2003 ), and music ( Keshavarz 2014 ) have all been used to control motion sickness.

Pharmacological therapy for the management of motion sickness primarily involves the use of anticholinergics and antihistamines ( Murdin 2011 ). Scopolamine is the most commonly used anticholinergic, and is effective compared to placebo in the prevention of motion sickness; however, there are insufficient data regarding its treatment of established symptoms. The side effects include dry mouth, blurred vision, dilated pupils and bradycardia ( Spinks 2011 ). Other pharmacological agents include antiemetics ( Muth 2007 ), neuroleptics such as phenytoin ( Woodard 1993 ), µ‐opiate receptor agonists ( Otto 2006 ), sympathomimetics ( Weerts 2014a ), and various combinations of all of these drugs.

Current approaches to countering space motion sickness include the combination of pre‐training in an altered gravity environment in combination with the use of promethazine ( Karmali 2016 ).

Future measures to control the incidence of motion sickness may involve engineering the expected stimulus to be less provocative.

Description of the intervention

Antihistamines have been used in the management of motion sickness for decades ( Brand 1967 ), alone or in combination with other interventions ( Weerts 2014a ). H1‐antihistamines are available as over‐the‐counter preparations, as well as by prescription ( Simons 2004 ). For the control of motion sickness, routes of administration and dosages vary depending on the specific drug used ( Zajonc 2006 ).

H1‐antihistamines may be classified according to their functional class (generation), or by their sedative effect. First‐generation H1‐antihistamines are generally sedating, while second and third‐generation antihistamines are non‐sedating. This may be due to the fat soluble nature of first‐generation antihistamines, which allows them to cross the blood–brain barrier, while second and third‐generation antihistamines do not. In addition, first‐generation antihistamines exhibit anticholinergic properties ( Mahdy 2014 ). Wood 1970 suggested this as the reason for their protective effect against motion sickness. Typically, after a single oral dose of an H1‐antihistamine, the onset of action is between two to three hours for first‐generation antihistamines, and one to two hours for second‐generation antihistamines. The duration of action may be up to 24 hours ( Simons 2004 ).

Side effects that limit the use of H1‐antihistamines in certain professions (such as astronauts) include drowsiness, fatigue, dizziness and impairment of cognitive function, memory and psychomotor performance ( Weerts 2014b ). Other reported adverse effects include dystonia, dyskinesia, agitation, confusion, hallucinations and cardiac toxicity. Additionally, first‐generation antihistamines may produce side effects related to their anticholinergic activity, such as blurred vision, dry mouth, dilated pupils and urinary retention. Second‐generation H1‐antihistamines have been relatively free of adverse effects. However, two early second‐generation antihistamines, astemizole and terfenadine, have been withdrawn due to cardiac toxicity ( Simons 2004 ).

Antihistamines have been compared to scopolamine ( Gil 2012 ; Pingree 1994 ); however, the comparative effectiveness in the management of motion sickness was found to be inconclusive in a Cochrane review ( Spinks 2011 ).

How the intervention might work

Acetylcholine (ACh) is a vestibular neurotransmitter and has been identified in all vestibular nuclei. Histamine may be a vestibular neurotransmitter or neuromodulator, acting on histamine receptors (H1‐H3 are expressed in the vestibular system), but this remains unclear ( Soto 2010 ). First‐generation antihistamines are ACh and H1 receptor antagonists, thus inhibiting their effects on the vestibular system. Second‐generation antihistamines do not possess any anticholinergic properties but inhibit histaminergic activity only ( Mahdy 2014 ). Cheung 2003 concluded that second‐generation agents are not effective in the management of motion sickness and suggested that the anticholinergic and sedative effects of first‐generation agents may be the reason for their apparent success.

Why it is important to do this review

When motion sickness was first described by Hippocrates in 400 BC, land and sea travel were the main sources of passive motion. Now, for the general population, this includes motor vehicles, trains, buses, cruise liners and other smaller vessels, and passenger aircraft. Additionally, in this age of rapid technological advancement, new sources of motion sickness inducing stimuli have emerged, including virtual reality, 3D visual effects, 4D experiences, video games, driverless cars and commercial space flight. Apart from the daily life and recreational aspects, occupational exposure to motion sickness inducing stimuli has increased over time. This includes but is not limited to paramedics in helicopters and ambulances, military personnel on naval vessels and in the air force, pilots, seafarers, and astronauts during space flight and training.

While habituation is effective and has no side effects, it lacks immediacy. Antihistamines have been the most commonly used pharmacological therapy ( Weerts 2014b ), however studies reveal conflicting results regarding their efficacy in the management of motion sickness ( Buckey 2004 ; Cheung 2003 ). This review aims to potentially resolve this conflict and to facilitate advancement of future research in the field of motion sickness.

Criteria for considering studies for this review

Types of studies.

We will include all published and unpublished randomised controlled trials (RCTs), including cluster‐randomised trials. We will exclude cross‐over studies. There will be no time or language limitations on included studies.

Types of participants

Participants will include susceptible adults and children (the age limit to define children will be 18 years and under), of any gender and ethnicity, who have no vestibular, visual or neurological co‐morbidities.

We will include:

• susceptible participants in whom motion sickness is induced under natural conditions such as air, sea and land transportation.

Susceptibility will be defined as:

• previous experience of motion sickness; and/or
• motion sickness susceptibility based on the result of any validated scale.

We will include studies in which motion sickness is induced under experimental conditions but we will analyse data from these studies separately.

Types of interventions

The main intervention will be all antihistamines regardless of:

• class (first or second‐generation);
• route of administration; or

Comparison interventions will include:

• no treatment;
• any other pharmacological interventions (for example: scopolamine, phenytoin, ondansetron, metoclopramide); and
• any non‐pharmacological interventions (for example: acupuncture, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, habituation techniques).

The main comparison will be:

• antihistamine versus no treatment or placebo.

Other possible comparison pairs include:

• antihistamine versus scopolamine;
• antihistamine versus antiemetics;
• antihistamine versus neuroleptics;
• antihistamine versus µ‐opiate receptor agonists;
• antihistamine versus sympathomimetics;
• antihistamine versus acupuncture;
• antihistamine versus acupressure;
• antihistamine versus autogenic feedback training exercises;
• antihistamine versus transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.

Concurrent use of other medication will be acceptable if used equally in each group.

Types of outcome measures

We will analyse the following outcomes in the review, but we will not use them as a basis for including or excluding studies.

Primary outcomes

• Proportion of susceptible participants who did not experience any motion sickness symptoms (based on subjective reporting of nausea and/or vomiting or the use of a validated scale).
• Proportion of susceptible participants who experienced a reduction or resolution of existing motion sickness symptoms (based on subjective reporting of nausea and/or vomiting or the use of a validated scale).

Secondary outcomes

• Physiological measures: heart rate, core temperature and electrogastrography.
• Adverse effects (type, duration and severity): sedation, impaired cognitive function, blurred vision.

We will evaluate outcomes after administration of the antihistamine as short‐term (less than or equal to 24 hours) and long‐term (over 24 hours).

Search methods for identification of studies

The Cochrane ENT Information Specialist will conduct systematic searches for randomised controlled trials and controlled clinical trials. There will be no language, publication year or publication status restrictions. We may contact original authors for clarification and further data if trial reports are unclear and we will arrange translations of papers where necessary.

Electronic searches

Published, unpublished and ongoing studies will be identified by searching the following databases from their inception:

• the Cochrane Register of Studies ENT Trials Register (search to date);
• Cochrane Register of Studies Online (search to date);
• Ovid MEDLINE (In‐Process & Other Non‐Indexed Citations);
• PubMed (as a top up to searches in Ovid MEDLINE);
• Ovid EMBASE (1974 to date);
• EBSCO CINAHL (1982 to date);
• Ovid CAB abstracts (1910 to date);
• LILACS (search to date);
• KoreaMed (search to date);
• IndMed (search to date);
• PakMediNet (search to date);
• Web of Knowledge, Web of Science (1945 to date);
• ClinicalTrials.gov, www.clinicaltrials.gov (search via the Cochrane Register of Studies to date);
• World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) (search to date);
• ISRCTN, www.isrctn.com (search to date);
• Google Scholar (search to date);
• Google (search to date).

The subject strategies for databases will be modelled on the search strategy designed for CENTRAL ( Appendix 1 ). Where appropriate, these will be combined with subject strategy adaptations of the highly sensitive search strategy designed by Cochrane for identifying randomised controlled trials and controlled clinical trials (as described in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0, Box 6.4.b. ( Higgins 2011 )).

Searching other resources

We will scan the reference lists of identified publications for additional trials and contact trial authors if necessary. In addition, the Information Specialist will search Ovid MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library and Google to retrieve existing systematic reviews relevant to this systematic review, so that we can scan their reference lists for additional trials.

Data collection and analysis

Selection of studies.

Two review authors (NK and YS) will independently sift through the initial search results and identify studies that appear to meet our inclusion criteria. We will then obtain full‐text articles for the studies on this preliminary list. We will independently examine these studies and select those that meet our inclusion criteria. If there are any discrepancies, we will resolve this by reviewing the original study. We will consult the third review author (NM) where necessary.

Data extraction and management

Two review authors (NK and YS) will independently extract data using standardised forms. If there are any missing or incomplete data, we will contact the study author. If there are any discrepancies, we will consult the third review author (NM).

We will extract the following:

• Study design features (double‐/single‐/non‐blinded; cluster/parallel‐group)
• Sample size
• Participant (baseline) characteristics (age, gender, susceptibility to motion sickness and how this was assessed, co‐morbidities)
• Inclusion criteria
• Exclusion criteria
• Method of induction of motion sickness
• Duration of motion
• Type of antihistamine used (name, class, route, dosage)
• Comparison intervention
• Funding sources
• Study author declarations of interest

See Appendix 2 .

Assessment of risk of bias in included studies

NK and YS will independently assess the risk of bias of the included studies. This will be determined using Cochrane's tool for assessing the risk of bias as outlined in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions ( Higgins 2011 ).

We will consider the following domains and assign a judgement based on the following criteria:

Random sequence generation

• Low risk: Study authors describe a random component in the sequence generation process such as referring to a random number table, using a computerised random number generation, coin tossing, shuffling cards or envelopes, throwing dice or drawing of lots.
• High risk: Study authors describe a non‐random component in the sequence generation process (such as allocation based on geographic location, hospital number, date of birth).
• Unclear risk: Study authors have not specified the sequence generation process.

Concealment of allocation prior to assignment

• Low risk: Participants and/or investigators could not foresee drug allocation due to concealed allocation (such as the use of central allocation, or sequentially numbered, opaque envelopes or drug containers).
• High risk: Participants and/or investigators could foresee drug allocation due to an inadequate concealment process.
• Unclear risk: Insufficient information is given on the allocation concealment process.

Blinding of provider, participant and outcome assessor

• Low risk: Blinding of treatment provider, participant or outcome assessor undertaken.
• High risk: Blinding not undertaken.
• Unclear risk: Study does not state whether blinding was undertaken or not.

Incomplete outcome data

• Low risk: No incomplete outcome information, or the reason for incomplete outcome data is unrelated to the study's outcomes (for example: a participant dropped out of the study due to relocating to a new geographic location).
• High risk: Incompleteness of outcome data is related to the study's outcomes (for example: a participant dropped out of the study due to severe nausea).
• Unclear risk: Reason for missing data unspecified.

Selective outcome reporting

• Low risk: The study protocol is available and all of the study's pre‐specified outcomes have been reported in the pre‐specified manner.
• High risk: Not all the primary outcomes have been reported, or one or more of the primary outcomes were reported using methods of analysis that were not pre‐specified, or one or more of the primary outcomes were not pre‐specified, or one or more of the primary outcomes were reported incompletely.
• Unclear risk: Insufficient information available to assign a judgement.
• Low risk: Study appears free of other sources of bias.
• High risk: Other source of bias noted by review authors.

We will classify studies that have been categorised as high risk on the basis of random sequence generation and/or concealment of allocation of treatment and/or incomplete outcome data as having a high overall risk of bias. We will not consider studies that have been categorised as high risk in one or more of the other domains to have a high overall risk of bias.

We will include a description of the risk of bias of our included studies in our Discussion.

Measures of treatment effect

For dichotomous data, we will calculate individual and pooled statistics as risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). We will assess continuous data (for example, heart rate) using the mean difference (MD) for outcomes measured on the same scale and/or the standardised mean difference (SMD) for outcomes measured on different scales. We will use a change from baseline for this analysis. We will complete an intention‐to‐treat analysis, assuming that the relevant data are available in the included studies.

Unit of analysis issues

For multi‐arm studies, we will establish which comparisons are relevant to this review and include data from the respective arms. We will not include cross‐over studies.

Dealing with missing data

If we identify missing data, we will attempt to contact the trial author by email. If we are unable to contact the author and/or if the author is unable to provide the relevant information, we will assume the missing data to be 'missing at random' and we will conduct the data analysis using only the available data.

Assessment of heterogeneity

We will assess clinical, methodological and statistical heterogeneity. We will measure statistical heterogeneity using the Chi² test and the I² statistic. For the latter, according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions ( Higgins 2011 ), a value of > 50% suggests substantial heterogeneity.

Assessment of reporting biases

We will address publication bias (between‐study reporting bias) by searching for published, unpublished and ongoing trials in the specified trial databases. We will ensure data from all the available outcomes across all papers are recorded, taking care not to duplicate results. Where potentially eligible but unpublished trials are identified, we will contact the authors to acquire the full study results and/or to find out the reasons why these results have not been published. For ongoing trials, we will include results available until the date of publication of this review. We will address language bias by including studies in any language and we will obtain an English translation where possible. We will address outcome (within‐study) reporting bias by ensuring results are presented as indicated in the protocol, which will have been published beforehand. We will assess between‐study reporting bias as outlined in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions ( Higgins 2011 ) .

Data synthesis

If data are comparable, we will combine data to give a summary measure of effect using the methods set out in Measures of treatment effect . If data are missing, we will use the available data to perform a meta‐analysis using Review Manger 5.3 ( RevMan 2014 ), in the absence of significant clinical or statistical heterogeneity. We will test for heterogeneity using the I 2 statistic and we will assume significant heterogeneity if the I 2 is greater than 50% (i.e. more than 50% of the variability in outcome between trials could not be explained by sampling variation) ( Higgins 2011 ). We will use a fixed‐effect model in the absence of statistical heterogeneity and a random‐effects model if heterogeneity is present. For key outcomes presented in the 'Summary of findings' table, we will also convey the pooled results as absolute numbers (as number needed to treat).

Subgroup analysis and investigation of heterogeneity

If there are sufficient studies available we will conduct the following subgroup analyses in RevMan, using the formal test for subgroup differences ( RevMan 2014 ):

• age (adults versus children); and
• motion sickness that has been induced under experimental conditions versus natural conditions (such as air, sea and land transportation).

Adults and children may report symptoms differently and antihistamines may have differing effects on each group (for example, children may be more susceptible to the side effects of antihistamines). The subjective experience of motion sickness symptoms may differ when motion sickness is induced under experimental conditions compared to naturally occurring conditions.

Therefore these subgroups have been selected as variability in these conditions may affect the outcome.

Sensitivity analysis

Two review authors (NK and YS) will independently conduct a sensitivity analysis by identifying studies with a high risk of bias using the Cochrane 'Risk of bias' tool and excluding these studies from the analysis.

GRADE and 'Summary of findings' table

We will use the GRADE approach to rate the overall quality of evidence. The quality of evidence reflects the extent to which we are confident that an estimate of effect is correct and we will apply this in the interpretation of results. There are four possible ratings: high, moderate, low and very low. A rating of high quality of evidence implies that we are confident in our estimate of effect and that further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect. A rating of very low quality implies that any estimate of effect obtained is very uncertain.

The GRADE approach rates evidence from RCTs that do not have serious limitations as high quality. However, several factors can lead to the downgrading of the evidence to moderate, low or very low. The degree of downgrading is determined by the seriousness of these factors:

• study limitations (risk of bias);
• inconsistency;
• indirectness of evidence;
• imprecision; and
• publication bias.

We will include a 'Summary of findings' table for the comparison antihistamine versus placebo ( Appendix 3 ), constructed according to the recommendations described in Chapter 11 of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions ( Higgins 2011 ).

The 'Summary of findings' table will include the following primary outcomes:

• proportion of susceptible participants who did not experience any motion sickness symptoms; and
• proportion of susceptible participants who experienced a reduction or resolution of existing motion sickness symptoms.

It will also include the following secondary outcomes:

• physiological measures; and
• adverse effects.

Acknowledgements

This project was supported by the National Institute for Health Research, via Cochrane Infrastructure, Cochrane Programme Grant or Cochrane Incentive funding to Cochrane ENT. The views and opinions expressed therein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Systematic Reviews Programme, NIHR, NHS or the Department of Health.

We would also like to acknowledge Samantha Faulkner for assisting with the search strategy and Jenny Bellorini for copy editing and reviewing the protocol.

Appendix 1. CENTRAL search strategy

#1 MeSH descriptor: [Motion Sickness] explode all trees #2 ((motion or car or air* or travel* or sea or space or auto* or aviat* or flight or simulator or vehicle or passenger* or train or trains or bus or coach or ship or (virtual next reality) or (computer next simulat*)) near (sick* or nausea or vomit*)):ti,ab,kw #3 ((video or computer) next game* near (sick* or nausea or vomit*)):ti,ab,kw #4 ((3D or ((three or 3) next dimensional)) near (film* or movie* or image*) near (sick* or nausea or vomit*)):ti,ab,kw #5 (carsick* or airsick* or seasick* or motionsick* or travelsick* or spacesick*):ti,ab,kw #6 kinetosis:ti,ab,kw #7 #1 or #2 or #3 or #4 or #5 or #6 #8 MeSH descriptor: [Histamine Antagonists] explode all trees #9 MeSH descriptor: [Anti‐Allergic Agents] explode all trees #10 MeSH descriptor: [Promethazine] explode all trees #11 MeSH descriptor: [Diphenhydramine] explode all trees #12 MeSH descriptor: [Meclizine] explode all trees #13 MeSH descriptor: [Cinnarizine] explode all trees #14 MeSH descriptor: [Cyclizine] explode all trees #15 MeSH descriptor: [Chlorpheniramine] explode all trees #16 MeSH descriptor: [Cetirizine] explode all trees #17 MeSH descriptor: [Loratadine] explode all trees #18 MeSH descriptor: [Doxepin] explode all trees #19 ((antihistam* or antiallerg*) or (anti next (histam* or alerg*))):ti,ab,kw #20 ((histamine* or H1) near (antagonist* or block*)):ti,ab,kw #21 (acrivastine* or astemizole* or azelastine* or azatadine* or brompheniramine* or carbinoxamine* or cetirizine* or chlorpheniramine* or chlorphenamine* or clemastine* or cinnarizin* or cyclizine* or cyproheptadine* or dexchlorpheniramine* or dimenhydrinate* or dexbrompheniramine* or desloratadine* or diphenhydramine* or doxylamine* or dimetapp* or drixoral* or dimethindene* or diphenylpyraline* or ebastine* or fexofenadine* or flunarizine* or hydroxyzine* or ketotifen* or levocetirizine* or levocabastine* or loratadine* or methapyrilene* or mequitazine* or methdilazine* or mizolastine* or meclizine* or mepyramine* or oxatomide* or pheniramine* or phenyltoloxamine* or pyrilamine* or promethazine* or terfenadin* or tripelennamine* or triprolidine* or tritoqualine* or dimotane* or zirtek* or clarityn* or neoclarityn* or telfast* or xyzal* or mistamine* or mizollen* or alimemazine* or vallergan* or optimine* or piriton* or tavegil* or periactin* or phenergan* or piriton* or piriteze*):ti,ab,kw #22 (carebastine or alcaftadine or Antazoline or Astemizole or bamipine or benzonitrile or chloropyramine or dibenzheptropine or embramine or emedastine or epinastine or fonazine or histabudifen or histapendife or Mianserin or mirtazapine or Olopatadine or picumast or protopine or proxicromil or temelastine or tranilast or trimeprazine or Virlix or Zetir or Zyrtec or Reactine or Voltric or Alerlisin or Cetalerg or Ceterifug or Cetiderm or Cetidura or CetiLich or Cetirigamma or Cetirlan or Cinazière or Cinna or Cinnipirine or Cisaken or Dimitronal or Stugeron or Prometazin or Proazamine or Rumergan or Diprazin or Isopromethazine or Phen?rgan or Phensedyl or Pipolfen or Pipolphen or Promet or Prothazin or Pyrethia or Remsed or Atosil or Diphergan or Chlorphenamine or Antihistaminico or chlor or Trimeton or Chlorpro or Chlorspan or chlortab or Efidac or Kloromin or Piriton or Teldrin or doxepi* or Dramamine or Marezine or Aviomarin or Biodramina or "calm X" or Cinfamar or Contramareo or dimen or Dimetabs or dinate or DMH or Dramanate or gravol or Wehamine or "motion aid" or Nausicalm or Reisegold or Reisetabletten or Rodovan or RubieMen or Superpep or "travel well" or triptone or vomex or Vomacur or omisin or Marmine or Benzhydramine or Benhydramin or Benadryl or Benylin or Dormin or Allerdryl or Dimedrol or Parachloramine or Meclozine or Antivert or Bonamine or Bonine or Chiclida or Histametizyn or RuVertM or Agyrax or "d vert" or dvert or Deptran or Desidox or Doneurin or Espadox or Mareen or Prudoxin or Quitaxon or Sin?quan or Zonalon or Xepin or Aponal or ApoDoxepin or Claritin or Clarium or alavert):ti,ab,kw #23 #8 or #9 or #10 or #11 or #12 or #13 or #14 or #15 or #16 or #17 or #19 or #20 or #21 or #22 #24 #7 and #23

Appendix 2. Template 'Characteristics of included studies' table

Appendix 3. template 'summary of findings' table, contributions of authors.

Nadine Karrim: drafted the protocol; will contribute as a primary review author, obtain copies of studies, select studies for inclusion, extract data, enter data into RevMan 5, perform the data analysis and interpretation of data, and draft and approve the final document.

Nombulelo Magula: reviewed and edited the protocol, and provided a methodological perspective; will assist with data analysis and interpretation of data, and review, edit and approve the final document.

Yougan Saman: reviewed and edited the protocol, and provided a clinical perspective; will select studies for inclusion, extract data and review, edit and approve the final document.

Sources of support

Internal sources.

• No sources of support supplied

External sources

Infrastructure funding for Cochrane ENT

Declarations of interest

Nadine Karrim: none known.

Nombulelo Magula: none known.

Yougan Saman: none known.

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What Are the Best—And Safest—Sleeping Pills for Flights?

By Moira Lawler

If noise-cancelling headphones don’t help you doze off, you may need to consider a more heavy-duty fix: sleeping pills for flights. Skip them if you’re heading west or on a short trip (just stay awake instead), and reserve it for those overnight flights when you’re jumping across multiple time zones, says Aneesa Das, M.D., a sleep medicine specialist at the Ohio State University. Some pills are stronger than others, and some have wonky side effects that may outweigh the extra zzzs. Here’s what to know about three common sleeping pills for flights.

Ambien—the most powerful option on this list and the only one that requires a prescription—works as a sedative-hypnotic medication that slows your brain activity to make you feel very sleepy. It’ll knock you out good—maybe even too good. Some users experience retroactive amnesia, which means you could wake up mid-flight, have a full conversation with the flight attendant , and have no memory of it when morning comes, Das says. Ambien can also lead to sleepwalking, which could result in some awkward bump-ins on the plane. But it's not all bad. Zolpidem (the generic name for Ambien) has been shown to fight off jet lag, finds a study published in Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine .

The over-the-counter medication is easy to pick up at the drugstore when you’re stocking up on travel-sized shampoos and other carry-on essentials . Diphenhydramine, the same antihistamine found in Benadryl, will likely put you to sleep, though you may pay the price once you land. “It makes us feel really groggy when we wake up, and it can make us feel really hungover,” Das says. The antihistamine may also leave you with a dry mouth that those tiny airplane cups of water just can’t quench (not a good situation since flying in general can make you dehydrated ). Still, Das says it’s okay to take so long as you’ve tolerated it in the past.

The hormone occurs naturally in the body, but taking an extra dose helps induce sleep and adjust your circadian clock . That will help you function better at your destination, Das says. Start taking melatonin a few days before your trip, about four to six hours before your bedtime, so that you’re ready to hit the pillow 30 minutes to an hour earlier than normal, Das says. A review from U.K. researchers found melatonin decreases jet lag if you take it close to your target bedtime at your destination, especially if you’re traveling across five or more time zones. The researchers found doses of .5 and 5 milligrams were equally effective at preventing jet lag , though the larger (maximum) dose will help you fall asleep quicker and sleep better. Another plus? There are no major side effects to worry about. (Note: The FDA does regulate dietary supplements such as melatonin, but these regulations are less strict than those for prescription or over-the-counter medications; check with your doctor for an appropriate recommendation.)

No matter which medication you decide to go with (if any), there are a few ground rules to follow. First, give it a test run at home. “You want to know how your body tolerates it before you go,” Das says. Then, once you’re settled into your seat, pass on booze and don’t pop the medicine until the flight attendants have gone over safety instructions .

This article was originally published in December 2016. It has been updated with new information.

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Does Benadryl help with or cause anxiety?

Medically reviewed by Leigh Ann Anderson, PharmD . Last updated on July 27, 2023.

Official answer

One of the most common side effects with Benadryl is drowsiness, but in some people it can have the opposite effect, known as paradoxical excitation. Instead of feeling sleepy, you may experience excitation, agitation or insomnia (trouble sleeping), which might make your anxiety symptoms feel worse.

If Benadryl (generic name: diphenhydramine) has been prescribed or recommended by your healthcare provider, contact them first before you stop treatment.

Can I treat anxiety with Benadryl?

Benadryl is not typically used to treat anxiety, as long-term use can be associated with side effects, especially in the elderly. In addition to drowsiness or confusion, long-term use of drugs with anticholinergic properties, like Benadryl, may increase the risk for memory loss or dementia in older patients, and cause common side effects like confusion, dry mouth, and constipation.

Benadryl , a sedating antihistamine, is not approved by the FDA to treat anxiety. You should only take it for this use under your doctor's directions.

Hydroxyzine (brand name example: Vistaril ) is the only prescription antihistamine approved to treat anxiety and tension. For longer-term anxiety, medicines such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) antidepressants, such as sertraline ( Zoloft ) or paroxetine ( Paxil ) may be other options.

Why does Benadryl cause paradoxical excitation?

It’s not known exactly why paradoxical excitation with Benadryl occurs. It is thought that it may have to do with the way the drug is metabolized (broken down) in the body for excretion, as described in one small case report.

• Benadryl is metabolized in the liver by an enzyme known as CYP2D6. It also appears to inhibit (or blocks) the use of this enzyme.
• Some people have extra copies of the 2D6 gene and are called "ultrarapid metabolizers". These people can quickly break down CYP2D6 substrates like diphenhydramine, the active ingredient in Benadryl.
• The researchers suggested that in people who are CYP2D6 ultrarapid metabolizers, a compound may be created that leads to excitation instead of the typical drowsiness, but they also say more research is needed to explore this idea.

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What are the symptoms of paradoxical excitation?

Some of the common central nervous system (CNS) side effects that may be related to paradoxical excitation with Benadryl include:

• Agitation / Excitation
• Insomnia (trouble sleeping)
• Irritability
• Restlessness
• Tremors (the jitters)

Paradoxical excitation may be more common in young children. If you notice these symptoms after taking Benadryl, contact your doctor, who may recommend an alternative, if needed. The side effects due to diphenhydramine should clear up in a day or two once the medication is stopped.

You should not use Benadryl to make a child sleepy or give this medication to a child younger than 2 years of age. Always ask your doctor before giving any cough or cold medicine to a child. Death can occur from the misuse of cough and cold over-the-counter (OTC) medicines in very young children.

Does anxiety occur if I take too much Benadryl?

Paradoxical excitation can occur even with normal doses of Benadryl, but taking too much Benadryl can be dangerous or even deadly. In children, an antihistamine overdose may cause hallucinations, convulsions (seizures), or death.

Symptoms of an overdose may include:

• Extreme drowsiness
• Ringing in the ears
• Dilated pupils
• Limited urination
• Rapid heartbeat
• Tremors or shaking
• Hallucinations

In the event of an overdose of diphenhydramine (Benadryl), call right away for emergency medical help (dial 911 in the US) or contact the Poison Control Helpline at 1-800-222-1222.

This is not all the information you need to know about Benadryl ( diphenhydramine ) for safe and effective use and does not take the place of your doctor’s directions. Review the full product information or Drug Facts Label discuss this information and any questions you have with your doctor or other health care provider.

• de Leon J, Nikoloff DM. Paradoxical excitation on diphenhydramine may be associated with being a CYP2D6 ultrarapid metabolizer: three case reports. CNS Spectr. 2008 Feb;13(2):133-5. doi: 10.1017/s109285290001628x
• Gray SL, Anderson ML, Dublin S, et al. Cumulative use of strong anticholinergics and incident dementia: a prospective cohort study. JAMA Intern Med. 2015 Mar;175(3):401-7. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.7663. PMID: 25621434; PMCID: PMC4358759.
• Side effects. Benadryl. Drugs.com. Accessed July 27, 2023 at https://www.drugs.com/sfx/benadryl-side-effects.html
• Side effects. Professional information. Benadryl. Drugs.com. Accessed July 27, 2023 at https://www.drugs.com/sfx/benadryl-side-effects.html#professional-info

How long for an increased dose of Zoloft to work?

It may take several weeks or longer for an increased dose of Zoloft (sertraline) to take effect. Only use Zoloft at the dosage prescribed by your doctor. Do not increase your dose without first speaking with your doctor. Continue reading

Is Zoloft (sertraline) a controlled substance?

No, Zoloft (sertraline) is not a controlled substance. It is in an antidepressant drug class known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Zoloft is commonly used to treat depression, anxiety, panic attacks and other mood disorders. Doses should be stopped slowly to help prevent withdrawal symptoms. Zoloft can be used for long-term treatment if needed. Continue reading

What is the max dose of diphenhydramine for adults?

The maximum oral dose of diphenhydramine for adults is generally reported as 100mg for a single dose or no more than 300mg in 24 hours, but this can vary depending on what condition diphenhydramine is being used for, the salt of diphenhydramine used (there are two salts available in the US diphenhydramine citrate and diphenhydramine chloride), the age of the person, how much diphenhydramine they have tolerated before, and if they are on any interacting medications. Taking too much diphenhydramine can be fatal. Continue reading

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• Diphenhydramine
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Medical Disclaimer

Use these dosage charts for infants and children under 12 years old:

• Benadryl Dosage Charts (Infants & Children)