zambia tourism gdp

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Zambia Tourism Revenue Growth

Zambia Tourism Revenue grew 10.5 % YoY in Dec 2019, compared with an increase of 13.6 % YoY in the previous year
Zambia Tourism Revenue Growth rate data is updated yearly, available from Dec 1998 to Dec 2019
The data reached an all-time high of 385.9 % in Dec 2005 and a record low of -20.0 % in Dec 2002

View Zambia's Tourism Revenue Growth from 1998 to 2019 in the chart:

What was Zambia's Tourism Revenue Growth in 2019?

Zambia Tourism Revenue grew 10.5 % YoY in Dec 2019, compared with an increase of 13.6 % YoY in the previous year See the table below for more data.

Tourism Revenue Growth by Country Comparison

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The World Bank in Zambia

The World Bank has partnered with Zambia since 1955 to support the country's development projects, including mining, infrastructure and health.

Zambia is a large, landlocked, resource-rich country with sparsely populated land in the center of Southern Africa. It shares its border with eight countries (Angola, Botswana, Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe) that expands its regional market for goods and services.

Zambia is experiencing a large demographic shift and is one of the world’s youngest countries by median age. Its population, much of it urban, is estimated at about 19.6 million (2021), with a rapid growth rate of 2.7% per year, reflecting the relatively high fertility rate. As the large youth population attains reproductive age, the population is anticipated to double in the next 25 years, resulting in additional pressure on the demand for jobs, health care, and other social services.

Macroeconomic Developments and Outlook

Despite protracted debt restructuring, Zambia’s economy is recovering from the multiple and compounding crises. Real GDP grew at an average rate of 5.7% in 2021-23, primarily driven by growth in transport, information and communications, finance and insurance, and a rebound in hospitality and education. However, the current account narrowed and slipped into deficit in 2023 due to a contraction in copper production and exports for three consecutive years, significantly reducing foreign currency earnings. Combined with the uncertainty in finalizing Zambia’s debt restructuring, this put pressure on the exchange rate, leading to 41.8% depreciation in 2023. At the same, the depreciation fueled inflation to rise way above the Bank of Zambia's 6–8% target range, despite monetary restraint and fiscal prudence.

Progress on debt restructuring, including a recent agreement in principle with bondholders accepted by official creditors and the IMF, is paving the way for exchange rate stability, which is expected to bolster macroeconomic stability and reduce inflation. In 2024, a cholera epidemic and severe drought that has adversely impacted agriculture and food production, electricity availability, and water supply will dampen growth. However, an expected upturn in mining driven by foreign direct investment inflows into critical green energy transition minerals, if realized, may offset some of the losses.

Zambia ranks among the countries with the highest levels of poverty and inequality globally. Poverty reached 60% of the population in 2022, up from 54.4% in 2015, worsened by limited job creation and declining labor earnings. The urban population recorded the highest reversal, with an 8.5 percentage point increase in poverty incidence reaching 31.9% in 2022. The spike is undoubtedly linked to the COVID-19 pandemic and the ensuing debt crisis. However, the growth deceleration that preceded the crises was already manifesting in weakening labor market indicators such as formal employment and earnings. Meanwhile, rural poverty remained widespread and stagnant, surpassing 75% since 2010. Rural/urban disparities in access to essential services remain stark, hindering human capital development and labor productivity.

Political Context

Zambia gained its independence in 1964 under the leadership of first President Kenneth Kaunda. The nation is considered a stable country with successful democratic elections held every five years. After many years of a one-party state, Zambia became a multi-party state in 1991.

Zambia’s democracy is evident by the nine Presidential elections and four different political parties that have so far ruled the country. Among them are the United National Independence Party (UNIP 1964-1991), Movement for Multiparty Democracy (MMD 1996-2011), Patriotic Front (PF2011-2021), and currently the United Party for National Development (UPND). The current President, Hakainde Hichilema of the UPND, was elected in August 2021 after defeating then-incumbent President Edgar Lungu of the Patriotic Front. The next presidential elections in Zambia will be held on August 12, 2026.

Last Updated: Apr 09, 2024

World Bank Country Partnership Strategy for Zambia

The World Bank Zambia Country Partnership Framework (CPF) FY19-23 supports the government in achieving its development goals and is closely aligned with the government’s  National Development Plan  and  Vision 2030 . The World Bank Group has initiated the preparation of a Performance and Learning Review (PLR) to assess progress in implementing the CPF program and introduce necessary changes and course corrections.

The CPF is underpinned by the  Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) , conducted in 2017 to augment the World Bank’s understanding of the mechanism needed for poverty reduction in Zambia.

The CPF focus areas are:

Increase opportunities and jobs for the rural poor
Increase public services and social protection to build a healthy and skillful workforce
Build resilient institutions

Zambia ranks among the countries with the highest levels of poverty and inequality globally. More than 58% (2015) of Zambia’s 19.5 million people earn less than the international poverty line of $1.90 per day (compared to 41% across Sub-Saharan Africa), and three quarters of the poor live in rural areas-

The current World Bank portfolio in Zambia comprises 26 projects, with a total commitment of $3.24 billion. Of these, 20 projects are national operations that total $2.7 billion and six are regional operations at $0.54 billion. The portfolio covers the following sectors: Agriculture, Education, Environment, Governance, Health, Macroeconomics, Social Protection, Transport, and Water.

International Finance Corporation (IFC)

IFC’s current portfolio currently stands at $213 million, covering agribusiness, energy, retail and tourism property, and the telecoms sectors.

IFC’s approach for Zambia is in line with the Joint WBG strategy, as it promotes sustainable private sector development by improving the investment climate, supporting SMEs, and proactively engaging in developing key sectors such as infrastructure, agribusiness, and financial services. Along the agriculture value chain, IFC is providing support to commercial agribusiness operations which support smallholder farmers along their value chains and contribute to national food security. In infrastructure, the focus has been on energy, including renewable energy through the scaling solar initiative and other planned IPP projects.

In the financial sector, IFC provides financing facilities to financial institutions providing support to small and medium enterprises (SMEs) especially women-owned, and advisory support with the aim of improving the credit infrastructure and increasing access to finance for SMEs by promoting the use of movable collateral and establishing credit reporting programs that support credit reference systems .

Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA)

MIGA also is providing support for Zambia’s development. MIGA guarantees in Zambia stands at $139 million, covering projects in agribusiness, manufacturing, financial and energy sectors. These guarantees are expected to improve agriculture productivity, boost job creation, deepen financial inclusion, and increase access to cleaner energy. In addition, the country is expected to benefit from MIGA’s guarantee of approximately EUR 359 million to cover Standard Chartered Bank (and other lenders) for their non-shareholder loan investments in the Eastern and Southern African Trade and Development Bank (TDB).

Regional Trade Facilitation

Zambia has committed to implementing policy reforms to enhance regional trade. The country is part of the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) and the Southern African Development Community (SADC) bodies that promote regional trade. Overall, Zambia has performed well in all dimensions of the regional integration index, ranking second in COMESA and fourth in the SADC region.

The World Bank’s Response to COVID-19 in Zambia

Zambia’s location in Southern Africa — it is surrounded by eight countries — increases the risk of imported diseases from neighboring countries and beyond. This is because Zambia is a major trucking route for goods, both for import and export, as well as a destination and transit point for labor migrants, asylum seekers, illegal migrants, and victims of human trafficking in the region.

The Bank provided $25 million to support Zambia’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Of this amount, $20 million came from the Crisis Response Window  resources, while $5 million was a grant from the Global Financing Facility for Women, Children and Adolescents (GFF). The funds are channeled through the  Zambia COVID-19 Emergency Response and Health Systems Preparedness Project .

COVID-19 Vaccine Rollout 

The World Bank has successfully contributed to Zambia’s COVID-19 vaccination efforts by providing  additional financing  in the amount of $24 million ($14 million  IDA  credit co-financed with a $10 million grant from GFF). The financing is enabling affordable and equitable access to COVID-19 vaccines and helping ensure effective vaccine deployment in Zambia, including supporting strengthening the vaccination system in the country. Further, the grant is supporting strengthening the capacity for maintaining essential health services focusing on reproductive, maternal, neonatal, child and adolescent health and nutrition services.

The Zambia Agribusiness and Trade Project (ZATP), is a flagship project that aims to deliver on the Jobs & Economic Transformation agenda. This$40 million (2016-2024) initiative pivots on mainstreaming private sector led growth model whereby Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and smallholder farmers of Zambia are rendered competitive through improved access to markets and finance. The Ministry of Commerce, Trade, and Industry is the main implementing entity.

The project provides a combination of grant financing and Business Development Services to facilitate the evolution of productive partnerships between farmers and commercial off-takers/buyers. This promotes sustainable integration of small holders and agribusiness SMEs into value chains with established end-markets.

The project has so far supported 98,000 beneficiaries directly, plus 600,000 members through aggregator models. 180 productive alliance subprojects have received grant financing and are receiving support on a one-one basis through coaching, training, and mentorship. As a result of this support, nearly 57% of Producer Organizations have been able to meet their commercialization agreements with commercial buyers and have demonstrated a 48% increase in average gross sales. As of 2022, the project mobilized $7.09 million of private capital (18% of total project funding) and is significant in a fiscally constrained context like Zambia. The project provided over 2,300 trainings to 271 high-growth agribusiness SMEs, covering food safety, manufacturing, good agricultural practices, financial management, marketing, packaging, and distribution, and resulting in an increase in sales and creating employment.

The  Africa CDC Regional Investment Financing Project   in the amount of the$90 million IDA credit aims to strengthen public health and response systems in Zambia as well as the Southern Africa subregion to improve national and regional health security. The support is part of the regional support to Africa CDC to strengthen continental and regional infectious disease detection and response systems on the African continent. The project was approved on December 10, 2019.

The  Girls’ Education and Women’s Empowerment and Livelihoods (GEWEL) Project , has provided support of $347 million over the period 2016-2024 ($312 million IDA, and $35 million TF grants from FCDO, SIDA and Irish Aid). GEWEL is a "cash plus" intervention whereby productive inclusion and women, and girls empowerment components are layered over the social safety net. A recent photobook A Hand-up, not a Hand-out showcases GEWEL project beneficiary voices and stories that bring to life the results of the project.

The project has so far benefited 75,000 women with a package consisting of life and business skills training, a productive grant of $225. Early results from the randomized control trial impact evaluation of Supporting Women Livelihood (SWL) show that the productive grant has significant positive impact on household food security, profits, savings, income, diversification, and happiness.
Through the Keeping Girls in School (KGS) Component, over 58,000 girls from the poorest households have benefited with bursaries and other school basic needs such as uniform, shoes and books.

GEWEL also provides direct financing to the Social Cash Transfer (SCT) which has allowed for more timely and predictable payments to beneficiaries in 2021 and a scale up to support over 973,000 SCT households, with a plan to support over a million households in 2022 (nearly 30% of the population and 50% of the poor).

The  Southern Africa Tuberculosis and Health System Support Project  is a regional center for occupational lung diseases established in Zambia’s copper belt to serve the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) region. The project has supported laboratories compliance with regionally harmonized standard operating procedures for surveillance of Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB), case notification increasing from 20 (2016) to 48 (2021). TB case notification in target geographic areas increased from 27,700 per year to 29,700 per year (2021).

The World Bank is supporting the Zambian Government on electricity access initiatives and continues to invest heavily to improve access.

Between 2009 and 2015, the Bank financed the connection of approximately 91,000 households — benefiting almost 500,000 people.
Through the  Electricity Access Project the Bank is supporting subsidizing the cost of connection to the grid for 22,000 low-income households and about 1,000 Small Enterprises in rural areas.
Last mile connections to over 50,000 rural households and over 6,000 SMEs (over 260,000 beneficiaries).
Ongoing construction or rehabilitation of 550 km of distribution lines to support last mile connections.
Geospatial Master Plan developed.

Climate Resilience

The  Strengthening Climate Resilience Project  has provided support in strengthening Zambia’s institutional framework for climate resilience and improve the adaptive capacity of vulnerable communities in the Barotse sub-basin. Specifically, the project has supported:

Thirty-four secondary and tertiary canals have been rehabilitated, providing additional land to more than 2,000 households to grow crops such as rice, winter maize, vegetables, sweet potatoes, cassava, sorghum, and millet
In Mbeta Island of Sioma district, a natural lagoon is helping 66 vulnerable households (57 female-headed) to integrate fish farming, thus diversifying their sources of livelihood, and promoting the use of a hitherto untapped resource. 
For sustainability, a National Standard Norms and Procedures Manual for the operation and maintenance of the canals has been developed.

The Transforming Landscapes for Resilience and Development in Zambia (TRALARD) is supporting the government to improve natural resource management in selected districts to support sustainable livelihoods, and in the event of an eligible crisis or emergency, to provide immediate and effective response to the eligible crisis or emergency. TRALARD is supporting several investments aimed at helping vulnerable communities overcome climate change impacts and build their resilience to ensure increased food security and livelihood and income generating activities. About 562,500 people are estimated to benefit from TRALARD project, and at least 50% of beneficiaries are expected to be female-headed households. So far, the project has supported a total of 23,986 households have been supported with alternative livelihoods investments (against a target of 27,839 by 2025), of these, 6, 881 are female headed.

The African Development Bank, European Union, United Nations agencies, Germany Government, British Government, Swedish, Dutch, and United States are among the partners of the World Bank.

The World Bank Group’s strategy adheres to the principles agreed with other partners supporting Zambia development efforts, as articulated in the Joint Assistance Strategy for Zambia (JASZ), and comprises highly selective targeted interventions that maximize the impact of the government’s development efforts.

The World Bank Group

World Bank support to Zambia commenced in 1955, well before it attained its independence in 1964.

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Zambia Project Profiles (PDF)

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COVID-19, Poverty, and Social Safety Net Response in Zambia (English)
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Zambia: Commitments by Fiscal Year (in millions of dollars)*

Improving natural resource management to enhance resilience of communities in zambia, around the bank group.

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Zambia Economic Impact Report

Discover the direct and total economic contribution that the Travel & Tourism sector brings to Zambia in this comprehensive report.

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Report details

This latest report reveals the importance of Travel & Tourism to Zambia in granular detail across many metrics. The report’s features include:

Absolute and relative contributions of Travel & Tourism to GDP and employment, international and domestic spending
Data on leisure and business spending, capital investment, government spending and outbound spending
Tables ranking Zambia against other competing destinations and benchmarked against the world and regional average across various metrics
Charts comparing data across every year from 2014 to 2024
Detailed data tables for the years 2018-2023 plus forecasts for 2024 and the decade to 2034

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Market Overview
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Agriculture
Infrastructure Development
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Travel and Tourism
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Prohibited & Restricted Items
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Investment Climate Statement

Zambia has significant potential for tourism and offers a wealth of natural tourism assets. Attractions include Victoria Falls - one of the Seven Natural Wonders of the World and a UNESCO Heritage site – abundant lakes and rivers, and wildlife-protected areas in the form of 20 national parks and 34 game management areas that together occupy some 10 percent of the country’s total land area. Zambia is also endowed with a rich and diverse culture that enjoys more than 30 colorful traditional ceremonies annually. However, this sector continues to underperform and remains underutilized, and thus creating opportunities for improvement. Ecotourism is still under-exploited in Zambia, but with its abundant nature and wilderness, it offers potential investment opportunities. The COVID-19 global pandemic significantly disrupted international tourism arrivals and has severely impacted the sector, though there will be opportunities for re-investment when widespread international travel resumes.

Opportunities

There are opportunities in tourism services and infrastructure. Zambia lacks adequate hotel room capacity in key tourist destinations and in copper-producing regions. Other opportunities include safaris, canoeing, game drives, nature walks, bungee jumping, microlight flights, sport fishing, rock climbing, and orienteering.

Local tourism associations estimate that the COVID-19 pandemic reduced sector revenue by some $300 million in 2020. International visitors in 2019 spent $849 million, representing ten percent of the country’s total exports. During the same period, the sector contributed seven percent of gross domestic product ($1.7 billion) and 7.2 percent of total employment. Businesses in this sector have identified creative ways to stay open and reduced prices to entice domestic tourists during the pandemic, but many have expressed concerns that they may have to sell assets if the environment does not improve. As such, additional investment opportunities may be available before regular travel resumes.

Key government and regulatory agencies:

Zambia Tourism Agency

1st Floor Petroda House

Great East Road, Rhodespark

P.O. Box 30017

Lusaka, Zambia

Tel: +260 211 229 087 | +260 211 229 090

[email protected]

http://www.zambia.travel/

https://www.zambiatourism.com/

Additional Web Resources:

Zambia Development Agency

Tourism in Zambia

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Tourism in Zambia is big business. But why is this industry so important and what does it all mean? Read on to find out…

Tourism in Zambia

Geography of zambia, the tourism industry in zambia, statistics about tourism in zambia, popular tourist attractions in zambia, types of tourism in zambia, economic impacts of tourism in zambia, environmental impacts of tourism in zambia, social impacts of tourism in zambia, crime and safety in zambia, faqs about tourism in zambia, to conclude: tourism in zambia.

Zambia, located in the heart of Southern Africa, is a nation steeped in natural beauty and rich cultural traditions. Known primarily for the majestic Victoria Falls, often referred to as “The Smoke that Thunders,” Zambia offers more than just iconic landmarks. From its vast savannahs teeming with wildlife to its vibrant local communities, the country is a treasure trove of authentic African experiences. In this article, I’ll delve into the diverse world of Zambian tourism, showcasing its natural wonders, cultural heritage, and the initiatives propelling its growth in the global travel arena. Join me as we journey through the captivating landscapes and narratives of Zambia.

Zambia is a landlocked country located in southern Africa. Here’s an overview of its geography :

Borders: Zambia shares its borders with several countries. It is bordered by Tanzania to the northeast, Malawi to the east, Mozambique to the southeast, Zimbabwe to the south, Botswana and Namibia to the southwest, Angola to the west, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north.
Landscapes: Zambia has diverse landscapes, including vast plains, plateaus, and mountains. The country is dominated by the plateau region, which gradually rises from the southwest to the northeast. The Zambezi River, one of Africa’s major rivers, flows through the country, forming the border with Zimbabwe and creating the spectacular Victoria Falls.
Rivers and Lakes: Apart from the Zambezi River, other significant rivers in Zambia include the Kafue, Luangwa, and Luapula rivers. These waterways not only provide habitats for diverse wildlife but also offer opportunities for activities such as fishing, river safaris, and water sports. Zambia is also home to several lakes, including Lake Tanganyika, Lake Mweru, and Lake Bangweulu.
National Parks and Wildlife: Zambia is renowned for its rich wildlife and conservation areas. It boasts several national parks and game reserves, such as South Luangwa National Park, Kafue National Park, Lower Zambezi National Park, and the Liuwa Plain National Park. These areas offer visitors the chance to spot a wide array of wildlife, including elephants, lions, leopards, zebras, giraffes, and numerous bird species.
Victoria Falls: Zambia shares one of the world’s most breathtaking natural wonders, Victoria Falls, with its neighbor Zimbabwe. Known as “Mosi-oa-Tunya” in the local language, which means “The Smoke That Thunders,” Victoria Falls is a UNESCO World Heritage site and attracts visitors from around the globe. The falls offer mesmerizing views, adventure activities, and a chance to witness the power and beauty of nature up close.
Climate: Zambia experiences a tropical climate with distinct wet and dry seasons. The dry season runs from May to October, characterized by warm temperatures and clear skies, making it an ideal time for wildlife viewing. The wet season occurs from November to April, bringing rainfall and lush vegetation.
Copperbelt: Zambia is known for its significant copper reserves and mining industry. The Copperbelt region, located in the northern part of the country, is a major mining area and contributes significantly to the country’s economy.
Great East African Rift Valley: The northeastern part of Zambia is part of the Great East African Rift Valley. This geological feature has resulted in stunning landscapes, including deep valleys, escarpments, and volcanic formations.
Plateaus and Escarpments: The central and eastern parts of Zambia are characterized by extensive plateaus and escarpments. These areas offer beautiful scenery, hiking opportunities, and the chance to witness unique geological formations.
Lower Zambezi National Park and Zambezi River: The Lower Zambezi National Park, located along the banks of the Zambezi River, is a popular destination for wildlife safaris and outdoor activities such as canoeing and fishing. The Zambezi River, with its picturesque scenery, is also an important waterway for transportation and hydroelectric power generation.

Zambia’s geography offers a diverse range of natural wonders, wildlife habitats, and opportunities for adventure and exploration.

The tourism industry in Zambia is an important sector of the country’s economy, offering visitors a rich cultural heritage, diverse wildlife, stunning natural landscapes, and a wide range of adventure activities. Here’s an introduction to the tourism industry in Zambia:

Zambia is blessed with an abundance of natural wonders that attract tourists from around the world. The renowned Victoria Falls, a UNESCO World Heritage site and one of the Seven Natural Wonders of the World, is a major highlight. Visitors can experience the awe-inspiring power and beauty of the falls through various viewpoints, guided tours, and thrilling activities such as bungee jumping, helicopter rides, and white-water rafting.

Zambia boasts a vast array of national parks, game reserves, and wildlife sanctuaries. These protected areas are home to diverse wildlife, including elephants, lions, leopards, zebras, giraffes, hippos, crocodiles, and a plethora of bird species. South Luangwa National Park, Lower Zambezi National Park, Kafue National Park, and North Luangwa National Park are among the popular destinations for wildlife safaris, offering unforgettable experiences and opportunities for game drives, walking safaris, and birdwatching.

Zambia has a rich cultural heritage, with over 70 ethnic groups each contributing their unique traditions, languages, and customs. Visitors can immerse themselves in traditional ceremonies, interact with local communities, and explore vibrant markets to experience the country’s cultural diversity. Livingstone, the gateway to Victoria Falls, offers cultural experiences such as traditional dance performances and visits to local villages.

Zambia is a haven for adventure enthusiasts. Besides the adrenaline-pumping activities at Victoria Falls, the country offers thrilling experiences like canoeing safaris along the Zambezi River, walking safaris in remote wilderness areas, hot air balloon rides, fishing expeditions, and microlight flights over the stunning landscapes. The abundant rivers, lakes, and natural terrain provide ample opportunities for outdoor adventures.

With its diverse ecosystems and rich birdlife, Zambia is a paradise for birdwatchers. The country boasts over 700 bird species, including rare and endemic species. Birdwatching enthusiasts can explore the wetlands of Bangweulu, the forests of Kasanka National Park, and the remote regions of North Luangwa National Park, among other birding hotspots.

Zambia hosts several colorful cultural festivals throughout the year, showcasing traditional music, dance, and rituals. The Kuomboka Ceremony of the Lozi people, held annually when the Barotse floodplain floods, is a major cultural highlight. The Lwiindi Ceremony of the Tonga people and the Ncwala Ceremony of the Ngoni people are other notable events that celebrate Zambian culture.

Community-based tourism initiatives have gained popularity in Zambia. These initiatives aim to empower local communities, promote sustainable tourism practices, and provide visitors with authentic cultural experiences. By engaging with local communities, tourists can contribute directly to the welfare of the people and support local livelihoods.

Zambia is committed to wildlife conservation and sustainable tourism practices. The country has implemented various conservation initiatives, including anti-poaching measures, wildlife management programs, and community conservation projects. Many lodges and safari operators in Zambia are involved in eco-friendly practices and support conservation efforts.

Zambia is well-connected with international and regional flights, making it easily accessible for tourists. The capital city, Lusaka, and Livingstone, near Victoria Falls, are major gateways for international travelers. Domestic flights and road networks provide convenient access to various tourist destinations within the country.

Here are some key statistics highlighting the value of tourism in Zambia.

International Arrivals: In 2019, Zambia welcomed approximately 1.35 million international tourist arrivals.
Tourism Contribution to GDP: Tourism contributes significantly to Zambia’s economy, accounting for about 5.2% of the country’s GDP in 2019.
Employment: The tourism sector in Zambia provides employment opportunities for a significant number of people. It is estimated to support around 550,000 jobs, both directly and indirectly.
Visitor Expenditure: International tourists visiting Zambia spent approximately USD 685 million in 2019, contributing to the country’s foreign exchange earnings.
Domestic Tourism: Domestic tourism is also a vital component of Zambia’s tourism industry. In 2019, there were approximately 1.7 million domestic tourist trips within the country.
Main Source Markets: Zambia receives tourists from various countries, with the main source markets being neighboring countries such as Zimbabwe, South Africa, and Botswana, as well as the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and the Netherlands.
Nature and Wildlife Tourism: Zambia is renowned for its nature and wildlife tourism. Around 80% of international tourists visit Zambia for wildlife-related activities, such as game drives, walking safaris, and birdwatching.
Accommodation Facilities: As of 2019, Zambia had a total of over 2,300 registered accommodation establishments, including hotels, lodges, campsites, and guesthouses, providing a range of options for visitors.
World Heritage Sites: Zambia is home to several UNESCO World Heritage sites, including the Mosi-oa-Tunya/Victoria Falls, the largest waterfall in the world, and the Lower Zambezi National Park, known for its pristine wilderness and diverse wildlife.
Sustainable Tourism: Zambia is committed to sustainable tourism practices and has implemented initiatives to protect its natural and cultural heritage. Various eco-lodges and tour operators in the country promote responsible tourism and contribute to conservation efforts.

These statistics highlight the significance of tourism in Zambia’s economy, its diverse attractions, and the country’s efforts towards sustainable tourism development.

Here are some of the most popular attractions in the country, making tourism in Zambia so popular:

Victoria Falls: Victoria Falls is undoubtedly one of the most popular attractions in Zambia. Known as “Mosi-oa-Tunya” meaning “The Smoke that Thunders,” it is one of the Seven Natural Wonders of the World. The falls are shared with Zimbabwe and offer breathtaking views, rainbows, and mist-filled landscapes. Visitors can partake in activities like guided tours, bungee jumping, white-water rafting, and scenic helicopter flights.
South Luangwa National Park: Located in the eastern part of Zambia, South Luangwa National Park is renowned for its abundant wildlife and incredible safari experiences. It is home to a wide variety of animals, including elephants, lions, leopards, buffalos, hippos, and an array of bird species. Walking safaris are particularly popular here, offering a unique opportunity to explore the wilderness on foot.
Lower Zambezi National Park: Situated along the banks of the Zambezi River, the Lower Zambezi National Park offers stunning landscapes and diverse wildlife. Visitors can enjoy game drives, boat safaris, and fishing excursions while spotting elephants, lions, zebras, crocodiles, and an abundance of birdlife. The park’s riverside location provides an exceptional backdrop for wildlife sightings.
Kafue National Park: Kafue National Park is Zambia’s largest national park, covering a vast area of diverse ecosystems. It is known for its untouched wilderness and rich biodiversity. Visitors can explore the park’s diverse landscapes, including grassy plains, wetlands, and woodlands, while encountering wildlife such as lions, cheetahs, leopards, antelopes, and over 400 bird species.
Liuwa Plain National Park: Located in western Zambia, Liuwa Plain National Park is a remote and pristine wilderness area. It is famous for its annual wildebeest migration, known as the second-largest in Africa. Visitors can witness vast herds of wildebeest and other herbivores, along with predators like cheetahs and hyenas. The park offers a truly off-the-beaten-path experience.
Lake Kariba: Lake Kariba, a massive man-made reservoir on the Zambezi River, is a popular destination for relaxation and water-based activities. Visitors can enjoy fishing, boat cruises, sunset cruises, and wildlife viewing along the lake’s shores. The surrounding area is also home to Matusadona National Park, where you can spot elephants, lions, and a variety of bird species.
North Luangwa National Park: North Luangwa National Park is a remote and pristine park known for its untouched wilderness and exceptional walking safaris. It offers a true wilderness experience with limited infrastructure, allowing visitors to explore the park’s unspoiled landscapes and encounter wildlife in a more intimate and immersive way.
Livingstone: The town of Livingstone, located near Victoria Falls, serves as a gateway to this natural wonder. It offers a range of activities, including guided tours of the falls, cultural experiences, river cruises, and adrenaline-pumping adventures such as bungee jumping and white-water rafting. Livingstone also provides opportunities to explore local markets and learn about the rich cultural heritage of the region.

These are just a few of the many captivating tourist attractions in Zambia. The country’s natural wonders, national parks, and wildlife-rich areas provide endless opportunities for unforgettable experiences and wildlife encounters.

Zambia offers a diverse range of tourism experiences, catering to various interests and preferences. Here are some of the most popular types of tourism in Zambia:

Wildlife Safaris: Zambia is renowned for its wildlife, and wildlife safaris are a major draw for visitors. National parks and game reserves such as South Luangwa, Lower Zambezi, Kafue, and North Luangwa offer exceptional game drives, walking safaris, and boat safaris, providing opportunities to see a wide variety of animals, including elephants, lions, leopards, buffalos, zebras, and an array of bird species.
Adventure Tourism: Zambia is a haven for adventure enthusiasts. Activities such as white-water rafting, bungee jumping, canoeing safaris, kayaking, and riverboarding are popular, particularly around the Victoria Falls area. The Zambezi River, with its thrilling rapids, offers adrenaline-pumping experiences for those seeking adventure and excitement.
Birdwatching: With its diverse ecosystems and abundant birdlife, Zambia is a paradise for birdwatchers. The country boasts over 750 bird species, including rare and endemic species. Wetlands, national parks, and nature reserves provide excellent birdwatching opportunities, allowing enthusiasts to spot unique species such as the African Pitta, Shoebill Stork, and African Finfoot.
Cultural Tourism: Zambia’s cultural heritage is rich and diverse, offering visitors a chance to experience traditional customs, rituals, and lifestyles. Cultural tourism activities include visits to local villages, interactions with indigenous communities, participation in traditional ceremonies, and exploring vibrant markets.

It is imperative that tourism in Zambia is managed well to ensure that it is sustainable. Here are some key economic impacts of tourism in Zambia:

Employment Generation: The tourism sector in Zambia provides employment opportunities for a significant number of people. It directly employs individuals in various sectors, including hospitality, travel agencies, tour operators, and wildlife conservation. Additionally, it indirectly supports employment in sectors such as agriculture, manufacturing, transportation, and handicrafts.
Foreign Exchange Earnings: Tourism in Zambia generates foreign exchange earnings. International tourists visiting the country spend money on accommodation, transportation, meals, activities, and souvenirs, contributing to the country’s foreign currency reserves. These earnings help to support the balance of payments and promote economic stability.
GDP Contribution: Tourism in Zambia contributes to nation’s gross domestic product (GDP). The sector’s direct and indirect contributions, including accommodation, transport, restaurants, and activities, contribute to the overall economic output of the country. According to the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC), the direct contribution of travel and tourism to Zambia’s GDP was 4.7% in 2019.
Infrastructure Development: The growth of tourism in Zambia often leads to the development of infrastructure. Improved transportation networks, including roads, airports, and railway connections, are necessary to facilitate the movement of tourists within the country. This infrastructure development not only benefits the tourism industry but also enhances connectivity for other sectors of the economy.
Small Business Development: Tourism in Zambia provides opportunities for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Zambia. Local entrepreneurs and communities can establish businesses such as lodges, guesthouses, restaurants, craft shops, and tour guiding services, creating income-generating activities and fostering economic growth at the grassroots level.
Conservation and Environmental Protection: Tourism revenue is often channeled towards conservation efforts and environmental protection. National parks and wildlife reserves in Zambia rely on tourism funding to support anti-poaching measures, habitat conservation, and wildlife management. This contributes to preserving Zambia’s natural heritage and biodiversity.
Regional Economic Development: Tourism in Zambia is not limited to specific areas but spreads across different regions of the country. This promotes regional economic development by distributing the benefits of tourism beyond major cities, creating employment and income opportunities in rural and remote areas.
Economic Diversification: Tourism contributes to the diversification of Zambia’s economy. By offering an alternative source of income to traditional sectors such as mining and agriculture, tourism helps reduce dependency on a single industry and creates a more balanced and resilient economy.

Overall, tourism in Zambia has positive economic impacts, stimulating employment, foreign exchange earnings, infrastructure development, and small business growth. It also supports conservation efforts and promotes regional economic development, contribut

Tourism in Zambia, like in any other destination, can have both positive and negative environmental impacts. Here are some key environmental impacts of tourism in Zambia:

Biodiversity Conservation: Zambia is known for its rich biodiversity, including diverse ecosystems, wildlife, and plant species. Tourism in Zambia can contribute to the conservation of these natural resources by generating revenue that is invested in protected areas, wildlife conservation efforts, and anti-poaching initiatives. Tourism revenue can also support research and monitoring programs aimed at preserving the country’s unique flora and fauna.
Habitat Alteration: The development of tourism infrastructure and activities can lead to habitat alteration, particularly in popular tourist areas. Construction of lodges, roads, and other facilities can result in the clearing of land and fragmentation of habitats. It is important to manage tourism development in a way that minimizes habitat destruction and protects sensitive areas, ensuring the long-term sustainability of the environment.
Wildlife Disturbance: Wildlife tourism, such as game drives and wildlife viewing, can potentially disturb the natural behavior of animals. It is essential for tourism operators and visitors to adhere to responsible wildlife viewing guidelines to minimize disturbance and maintain the well-being of wildlife. This includes maintaining a safe distance, avoiding excessive noise and sudden movements, and following designated trails and routes.
Waste Generation: Tourism activities can contribute to waste generation, including solid waste and pollution. It is crucial to promote responsible waste management practices, such as recycling, waste reduction, and proper disposal. Encouraging the use of reusable containers, minimizing single-use plastics, and implementing effective waste management systems can help mitigate the environmental impact of tourism-related waste.
Water Consumption: Tourism in Zambia, particularly in areas with limited water resources, can put pressure on local water supplies. Increased water consumption for accommodation, swimming pools, and other tourist activities can strain water availability, especially during peak tourist seasons. It is important to implement water conservation measures, raise awareness among tourists about water scarcity, and promote responsible water usage in tourism facilities.
Energy Consumption: The tourism industry requires significant energy resources, which can contribute to greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption. Hotels, lodges, and transportation services often rely on fossil fuels for energy generation. Encouraging energy-efficient practices, utilizing renewable energy sources, and promoting sustainable transportation options can help reduce the carbon footprint of tourism activities.
Cultural Heritage Preservation: Tourism in Zambia can impact cultural heritage sites and archaeological sites if not managed properly. Uncontrolled tourism activities, such as unrestricted access, vandalism, or inappropriate behavior, can lead to damage or degradation of cultural sites. It is essential to implement sustainable tourism practices, including visitor management plans, to protect and preserve cultural heritage for future generations.

To mitigate the negative environmental impacts of tourism, sustainable tourism practices should be promoted. This includes adopting eco-friendly initiatives, supporting community-based conservation efforts, promoting responsible visitor behavior, and ensuring the involvement of local communities in decision-making processes. By balancing tourism development with environmental conservation, Zambia can maximize the positive impacts of tourism while safeguarding its natural resources for future generations.

Here are some of the social impacts of tourism in Zambia:

Cultural Exchange : Tourism in Zambia promotes interaction between Zambians and people from diverse backgrounds. This has led to a mutual exchange of cultures, enriching local communities with a broader perspective of the world.
Job Creation : The tourism industry has been a source of employment for many Zambians. Jobs in lodges, national parks, and local markets cater to tourists and help reduce the unemployment rate.
Education and Skill Development : As the demand for skilled workers in the tourism sector grows, more Zambians are motivated to acquire an education and develop skills relevant to the industry, including learning foreign languages and understanding hospitality management.
Preservation of Traditions : The interest of tourists in Zambian culture can lead to a rejuvenated appreciation among locals for their own traditions, ensuring that age-old practices, dances, and crafts are passed down to younger generations.
Urban Migration : Some regions, especially those with popular tourist attractions, can see an influx of locals from rural areas seeking employment opportunities. This migration can lead to overpopulation and strain on urban resources.
Increased Inequality : While many benefit from tourism in Zambia, there can be disparities in wealth distribution. Often, larger businesses or foreign investors might reap the most substantial benefits, leaving smaller local enterprises with fewer profits.
Social Disruption : Tourism in Zambia can sometimes lead to a change in local norms, especially if tourists don’t respect local customs. An influx of foreign tourists can sometimes inadvertently lead to the dilution or commercialization of cultural practices.
Dependency : Over-reliance on tourism in Zambia as a primary source of income can be risky, especially given the industry’s vulnerability to external factors like economic downturns, political instability, or global events like pandemics.
Rise in Cost of Living : Popular tourist destinations can see an increase in prices of basic goods and services, making it expensive for local residents. The demand from tourists often drives up prices, which can strain local resources and infrastructure.
Improved Infrastructure : The revenue generated from tourism in Zambia often leads to better local infrastructure, including roads, airports, and healthcare facilities, benefiting both tourists and local residents.

In conclusion, while tourism in Zambia offers numerous social benefits, such as job creation and cultural preservation, it’s essential to manage it sustainably. The aim should be to maximize the positive impacts while mitigating negative ones, ensuring that both locals and tourists benefit from the industry.

Crime and safety are important considerations for travelers visiting any destination, including Zambia. While Zambia is generally considered a safe country for tourists, it is advisable to take precautions to ensure a safe and enjoyable trip. Here is some information about crime and safety in Zambia:

Petty Crime: Like in many tourist destinations, petty crimes such as pickpocketing, bag snatching, and theft can occur, especially in crowded areas or tourist hotspots. Travelers should remain vigilant and take precautions, such as keeping valuables secure, avoiding displaying excessive wealth, and being aware of their surroundings.
Street Vendors and Hawkers: In tourist areas, street vendors and hawkers may approach visitors to sell goods or services. While most are legitimate, some may engage in aggressive or persistent behavior. It is advisable to politely decline if not interested and to be cautious when dealing with unfamiliar individuals.
Public Transportation: Public transportation, such as buses or shared taxis (known as minibusses or “kombis”), can be crowded and occasionally targeted by petty criminals. It is recommended to use registered taxis or arrange transportation through reputable sources. If using public transportation, travelers should keep a close eye on their belongings and be cautious with personal items.
Remote Areas: When visiting remote areas or national parks in Zambia, it is advisable to hire reputable guides or join organized tours for safety and security. These areas may have limited infrastructure and communication, so it is important to be prepared and follow safety guidelines provided by guides or authorities.
Political Demonstrations: Zambia has a stable political environment, but occasional demonstrations or political events may occur. It is advisable to avoid large gatherings, demonstrations, or protests, as they can sometimes turn violent. Stay informed about the local situation and follow guidance from local authorities and your embassy or consulate.
Wildlife Encounters: Zambia is known for its incredible wildlife, but it is important to exercise caution when encountering wild animals. Always follow the instructions of trained guides and keep a safe distance. Respect the wildlife and avoid any behaviors that may disrupt their natural behavior or put yourself at risk.
Health and Safety Precautions: Zambia, like other tropical destinations, may have health risks such as malaria and other mosquito-borne diseases. It is recommended to take necessary health precautions, including vaccinations and antimalarial medications. Travelers should also drink bottled or filtered water, practice good hygiene, and follow food safety guidelines.
Emergency Services: Familiarize yourself with emergency contact numbers in Zambia, including those for the police, ambulance, and fire services. Carry a copy of important documents, such as your passport, and keep them in a secure location. It is also advisable to have travel insurance that covers medical emergencies and repatriation.

As always, it is essential to stay informed about the current situation and travel advisories from your home country. Check with your embassy or consulate for any specific safety guidelines or travel recommendations for Zambia

Now that we know a bit more about tourism in Zambia, lets answer some of the most common questions on this topic:

Is Zambia a safe country for tourists?

Yes, Zambia is generally considered a safe country for tourists. However, it’s important to take standard safety precautions and be aware of your surroundings, especially in crowded areas or tourist hotspots.

What is the best time to visit Zambia?

The best time to visit Zambia is during the dry season, which typically runs from May to October. This period offers excellent wildlife viewing opportunities, as animals gather around water sources.

Do I need a visa to visit Zambia?

Depending on your nationality, you may need a visa to enter Zambia. It’s recommended to check the visa requirements well in advance and ensure your passport has at least six months’ validity.

What are the must-visit national parks in Zambia?

Some of the must-visit national parks in Zambia include South Luangwa National Park, Lower Zambezi National Park, Kafue National Park, and Victoria Falls National Park.

What is the currency of Zambia and are credit cards widely accepted?

The currency of Zambia is the Zambian Kwacha (ZMW). Credit cards are generally accepted in major hotels, restaurants, and tourist establishments, but it’s advisable to carry some cash for smaller vendors or remote areas.

What activities can I enjoy in Zambia besides wildlife safaris?

Apart from wildlife safaris, Zambia offers activities such as walking safaris, river cruises, birdwatching, white-water rafting on the Zambezi River, cultural village visits, and exploring the breathtaking Victoria Falls.

Is it safe to drink tap water in Zambia?

It is generally recommended to drink bottled or filtered water in Zambia to avoid the risk of waterborne diseases. Bottled water is readily available throughout the country.

Can I see the Victoria Falls from both Zambia and Zimbabwe?

Yes, the Victoria Falls can be viewed from both the Zambian and Zimbabwean sides. Each side offers a different perspective, so it’s recommended to visit both sides if time permits.

Are there any health risks in Zambia?

Malaria is prevalent in Zambia, particularly during the rainy season. It is important to take necessary precautions such as using mosquito repellent, wearing long sleeves and pants, and taking antimalarial medication as advised by a healthcare professional.

What is the official language spoken in Zambia?

The official language of Zambia is English. Additionally, there are over 70 local languages spoken by different ethnic groups across the country.

Zambia’s diverse landscapes and rich cultural tapestry position it as a must-visit African destination. From its iconic wildlife to the thunderous Victoria Falls, the nation promises unforgettable experiences for every traveller. If you enjoyed this article about tourism in Zambia, I am sure you will like these too:

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Share of economic sectors in the GDP in Zambia 2022

Zambia: Share of economic sectors in the gross domestic product (GDP) from 2012 to 2022

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December 2023

Africa, Zambia

2012 to 2022

Figures have been rounded. The source does not provide any information regarding percentage points not adding up to or exceeding 100 percent.

Statistics on " Zambia "

Total population of Zambia 2028
Population growth in Zambia 2022
Fertility rate in Zambia 2021
Crude birth rate in Zambia 2011-2021
Life expectancy at birth in Zambia 2021
Life expectancy at birth in Zambia 2021, by gender
Median age of the population in Zambia 2020
Gross domestic product (GDP) in Zambia 2028
Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in Zambia 2028
Gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate in Zambia 2028
Zambia: Share in global GDP adjusted for PPP 2028
Labor force participation rate in Zambia 2022
Unemployment rate in Zambia 2023
Youth unemployment rate in Zambia in 2023
National debt of Zambia 2022
National debt of Zambia in relation to gross domestic product (GDP) 2022
Ratio of military expenditure to gross domestic product (GDP) in Zambia 2022
Ratio of government expenditure to gross domestic product (GDP) in Zambia 2028
Zambia's budget balance in relation to GDP 2028

Other statistics that may interest you Zambia

Basic Statistic Total population of Zambia 2028
Basic Statistic Total population of Zambia 2022, by gender
Basic Statistic Population growth in Zambia 2022
Basic Statistic Fertility rate in Zambia 2021
Basic Statistic Crude birth rate in Zambia 2011-2021
Basic Statistic Life expectancy at birth in Zambia 2021
Basic Statistic Life expectancy at birth in Zambia 2021, by gender
Basic Statistic Median age of the population in Zambia 2020
Basic Statistic Gross domestic product (GDP) in Zambia 2028
Basic Statistic Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in Zambia 2028
Basic Statistic Gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate in Zambia 2028
Basic Statistic Zambia: Share in global GDP adjusted for PPP 2028
Basic Statistic Share of economic sectors in the GDP in Zambia 2022
Premium Statistic Labor force participation rate in Zambia 2022
Basic Statistic Unemployment rate in Zambia 2023
Basic Statistic Youth unemployment rate in Zambia in 2023

National finances

Premium Statistic National debt of Zambia 2022
Basic Statistic National debt of Zambia in relation to gross domestic product (GDP) 2022
Basic Statistic Ratio of military expenditure to gross domestic product (GDP) in Zambia 2022
Basic Statistic Ratio of government expenditure to gross domestic product (GDP) in Zambia 2028
Basic Statistic Zambia's budget balance in relation to GDP 2028

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BLOG – Agriculture, Mining, Manufacturing and Tourism- Four Key Economic Sectors to Drive Zambia’s Economic Stabilisation Agenda

In the last year, the Zambian economy fell into a deep slump, largely aggravated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Real GDP fell by approximately 4.9% in 2020, after growing by at least 4 % in 2018 and 1.9% in 2019. This sharp contraction in output has been the consequence of an unprecedented decline in key sectors of the economy. Manufacturing output plunged drastically due to the disruption of supply chains, whereas the service and tourism sectors saw a sharp drop in private consumption and investment as a result of the stringent measures taken to contain the COVID–19 pandemic. Mining output, which declined initially due to falling global demand for copper, is recovering amidst production disruptions in South America and the surge in demand occurring in the electric car industry. Sustained commodity price increases beyond the current forecast could lead to further economic contraction. Even before the pandemic, the economy was experiencing serious macroeconomic challenges, such as high inflation, continuous widening fiscal deficits, unsustainable debt levels, low international reserves, and tight liquidity conditions. Price levels and the financial sector have not stabilized, despite Government efforts to deploy monetary easing in 2019 and 2020.

Government in its bid to realise Zambia’s potential to be a prosperous middle-income country by 2030 aims to focus on selected key sectors of the economy to drive forward the economic transformation agenda anchored on the Economic Transformation Programme, which will be the overarching framework used to implement various interventions in different sectors of the economy . The following are four key sectors that Government intends to use to spur the transformation of the country’s economy.

Agriculture

Agriculture plays an important role in the Zambian economy, contributing about 20 percent to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and approximately 12 per cent to the national export earnings . Over 60 per cent of the population derives its livelihood from agriculture, and yet despite this, the sector’s potential has not been exploited fully, chiefly because of dilapidated agricultural support infrastructure; inadequate delivery of extension services; and natural disasters such as drought and floods due to climate change .

Government envisages increasing agriculture’s contribution to economic growth by not only increasing production for food security but also boosting agro-processing and manufacturing for both domestic and export markets . To achieve this agenda, the following areas will be prioritized:

Agricultural Productivity – Agricultural productivity in Zambia significantly falls short of the minimum required thresholds to deliver profitability for farmers, food security, nutritional needs, job creation and poverty reduction. This low productivity is attributed to the use of inefficient production techniques and inadequate access to agricultural inputs, among other factors. Government will improve agricultural productivity to meet household and national food security en route to becoming the regional breadbasket.

Agricultural Extension Services – Government recognises that the provision of agricultural extension services and access to appropriate technology is an integral part of the agrarian revolution. In particular, Government will pursue an extension strategy that will not only ensure national food security but will also improve rural livelihoods .

Market Access – Farmers have been heavily constrained by limited access to markets, mainly because of poor infrastructure such as roads in rural areas, inadequate availability and supply of agricultural information, and insufficient access to financing. A key focus will be placed on connecting the farmer to upstream domestic and international markets with the view to increasing the farmer’s share in final products.

Agri-business Development – This will involve value addition in the entire value chain system, from providing inputs to farmers to connecting with consumers, as well as marketing and distribution. Government will rebrand the agriculture sector as an attractive, commercially viable and modernised occupation, especially among the youth who generally consider farming to be arduous and an occupation for older people .

Zambia’s tourism sector boasts of a wealth of natural assets such as waterfalls, lakes, rivers and diverse wildlife species. The sector is an important contributor to the country’s economic development through; job creation, foreign exchange earnings, contributions to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and other economic facets. As a major Foreign Exchange (FOREX) earner. Zambia’s tourism industry contributed 7% of GDP (USD 1,701 million) and 7.2% of total employment (469 thousand jobs), whereas international visitors spent USD 849 million, representing 10% of Zambia’s total exports in 2019 (Tabetando, 2020) .

Despite its economic contribution, an array of challenges have continued to impact the sector, from the lack of a comprehensive national tourism plan; underdeveloped tourism-related infrastructure; limited investment in the sector by both local and foreign investors; limited tourism product range and scope; inadequate tourism promotion and marketing; low participation by locals in direct and indirect tourism development, Zambia being perceived as a high-cost destination – and recently the negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Government seeks to remedy some of these challenges by revamping the sector to increase its contribution to GDP and employment. To achieve this, strict adherence and implementation ought to be done with the following measures;

Maintaining a stable economic landscape to reduce the cost of doing business, including streamlining license acquisition, easing tax compliance, visa processing and exemptions and improving connectivity.
Putting in place a robust tourism marketing to incorporate all tourism products including traditional ceremonies, visual arts, culture, heritage sites and others
Promoting tourism diversification to other products.
Protecting and making Zambia a haven for wildlife by tightening regulations for the licensing of hunting and control of the processing, sell, import and export of wild animals and trophies.

As the country embarks on an economic transformation agenda, there is a need to extensively rebrand and market the sector both internationally and locally to revive it and maximise its vast natural resources benefits .

Manufacturing

Traditionally, the manufacturing sector has played a key role in helping developing countries facilitate industrialization as well as realise economic growth and development . The contribution of Zambia’s manufacturing sector to GDP remained stable over the period 2015-2019 with an average of about 7.9%. However, the sector’s performance has been hampered by the high cost of doing business and an unstable macroeconomic environment. These challenges were exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, which resulted in the shrinking of the manufacturing sector by 4.6% in the second quarter of 2020 (Zambia Statistics, 2020).

To address these challenges and considering the strategic importance of the manufacturing sector to job creation and economic growth, Government intends to put in place an under-structure that facilitates the growth of this sector by not less than 15 per cent by 2026 and to at least 25 per cent by 2031. Some of the measures to be put in place by Government to facilitate growth include:

Fiscal discipline and minimize borrowing in the local market so as not to crowd out the private sector;
Improve regulatory frameworks and remove administrative barriers to business entry and operations and facilitate the development of high growth sectors;
Create an enabling macroeconomic environment, strengthen the public agencies that support private sector development and enhance public-private dialogue;
Also, Government will dialogue with all key stakeholders in addressing the various challenges affecting the growth of the manufacturing industry in the country;
Furthermore, Government will develop targeted policy incentives that attract large capital inflows with required Zambia equity participation; and lastly,
Foster policy linkages with education to build a skilled labour market which attracts capital into target industries.

Zambia possesses one of the world’s highest grades of copper deposits and is ranked the seventh largest copper producer in the world. Mining contributes over 70 per cent of the country’s foreign export earnings. Zambia also produces about 20 per cent of the world’s emeralds . The mining sector is governed and regulated by the Mines and Minerals Development Act No. 11 of 2015, which covers types of mining rights, acquisition of mining rights, rights/obligations conferred on the mining right holder, transferability of mining rights, safety, health and environment requirements, and provides for the environmental protection fund, mineral royalties, fees, and export of minerals .

The main challenges this sector faces are:

The lack of local participation in this industry,
A lack of transparency and accountability regarding revenue management, and;
Uncertainties about energy supply and property rights.

As a result, the country has not managed to fully pass on the benefits of its mineral wealth to the Zambian population. The Government now seeks to redress this by:

Undertaking a major mining sector policy reform including tax policy and administration reforms that will bring various stakeholders on board to design a sound policy and administration system, with broad policy consideration that will stand the test of time.
Enhancing monitoring and oversight mechanisms and technologies to reliably ascertain the volume and content of mining output for taxation purposes to ensure Zambians receive their fair share.
Promoting diversification both within the copper sub-sector through the extension of the copper value chain, and from copper to other minerals by promoting exploration and processing of gemstones and industrial minerals.
Promoting small-scale mining as it has closer links with the local economy, generates more local jobs and supports the retention of earnings within the country.
Working with communities and investors to ensure that the development agreements entered into with Government balance the provision of incentives with concerns of the communities such as environmental impact and labour issues.

Government is urged to take into consideration all the aforementioned measures, in order to facilitate even more investments – as well as an increase in production from the current levels to a more sustained output that will benefit both the country and the sectors’ investors, which consequently will grow and stabilize the economy.

PMRC Press Statement – Navigating Exchange Rate Dynamics: Strategies for Kwacha Stability and Economic Resilience in Zambia February 21, 2024
Fiscal and Technical Decentralisation in Zambia and its Impact on Development at Local Level February 19, 2024
PMRC Parliamentary Presentation – Committee on National Economy, Trade and Labour Matters. February 8, 2024
PMRC Parliamentary Presentation – Committee on Health, Rural Development and Social Services – The Devolution of Primary Health Care in Zambia February 7, 2024
Submission To The Committee On Transport, Works And Supply – Road Freight Transport In Zambia February 2, 2024

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The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Zambia was worth 29.16 billion US dollars in 2022, according to official data from the World Bank. The GDP value of Zambia represents 0.01 percent of the world economy. source: World Bank

Gdp in zambia averaged 8.02 usd billion from 1960 until 2022, reaching an all time high of 29.16 usd billion in 2022 and a record low of 0.69 usd billion in 1962. this page provides the latest reported value for - zambia gdp - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news. zambia gdp - values, historical data and charts - was last updated on april of 2024., gdp in zambia is expected to reach 30.56 usd billion by the end of 2024, according to trading economics global macro models and analysts expectations. in the long-term, the zambia gdp is projected to trend around 31.97 usd billion in 2025 and 33.34 usd billion in 2026, according to our econometric models., markets, gdp, labour, prices, money, trade, government, business, taxes, health, climate.

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ZAMBIABUILD

There are 19 National Parks and 34 Game Management Areas covering over 22.4 million hectares.

Although much of tourism in Zambia is concentrated in a limited number of national parks, such as the South Luangwa, Kafue, Lower Zambezi, Musi-o-Tunya and Kasanka, the rest of the parks provide considerable potential for future tourism development.

Zambia’s wilderness is characterised by the vastness of unexploited areas, such as the rift valleys of the Luangwa and Zambezi Rivers and their escarpments; mountain highlands, such as the Nyika and Mafinga; vast wetlands in the Bangweulu, Kafue and Zambezi flood plains; and the fact that most wilderness occurs in protected areas, showing the real parts of natural Africa.

In addition to national parks, a number of areas in Zambia have been declared national heritage sites or monuments.

These areas include 145 geological sites and 70 geomorphological heritage sites.

The Kundalila Falls and the source of the Zambezi River have been listed as ecological sites.

Furthermore, Zambia has 73 tribes with diverse cultural traditions which include a variety of annual traditional ceremonies.

Zambia Tourism Industry & Arrivals

The tourism sector in Zambia is accelerating at a fast pace.

There was a major and notable enhancement recorded during the period of 2006-2010 where there was a significant increase in tourist numbers along with greater investment from the private sector.

The target of 736,450 tourists was set by Fifth National Development Plan 2006-2010 and against this target, international tourist arrivals in Zambia averaged at 793,999 during that period.

In the hospitality industry, accommodation has also grown substantially from 500 establishments in 2005 to 940 in the year of 2009.

In addition, there has been an increase from 10,900 beds to 19,000 in these establishments over the same time.

The direct tourism earnings increased from USD174 million in 2005 to USD200 in 2009 against the targeted value of USD304 million by 2010.

In addition, employment level increased to 25,860 in 2009 from 19,650 in 2005.

During the tenure of 2006 to 2010, the contribution of tourism sector in GDP of Zambia remained constant at 3.1%.

In 2012, Zambia received 859,088 tourists compared to 920,299 recorded in 2011.

There was a recent decline of 6.7% in the number of tourist arrival in 2014 however there is growth anticipation in tourism industry by the Zambian government.

The tourist sector structure of Zambia comprises of several types of enterprise including lodges, hotels, tour operators, guesthouses and transport providers.

There are several large international franchises and chains in Zambia including Southern Sun, Protea Hotels, Intercontinental and Taj Group.

There are also numerous small luxury lodges owned by foreigners and many small informal enterprises.

Overall, Zambian tourism sector is dominated by small and medium sized operators that are well integrated vertically. Therefore these operators are reliant on overseas providers for various services such as flights, marketing and representation.

Over the time, Zambia has faced increased competition in tourism sector from its regional neighbors and this trend is expected to intensify in the future.

Major competitors include South Africa which accounts for 44% of all tourists to Zambia.

Namibia, Tanzania and Botswana are other competitors in the South African Development Community with Kenya also competing in the wider region.

Political and economic problems in Zimbabwe however have suppressed competition from their tourist industry.

However Zimbabwe is expected to recover easily as a competitor because their tourism sector is better developed and priced competitively.

Although there has been an increase in tourism sector of Zambia but tourism sector is underperforming in relation to other countries in the same region along with relation to its own potential.

Despite having major tourism attractions, Zambia receives fewer tourists.

The number of visitors is low, average visitor expenditure and length of stay is also limited. Botswana, neighboring country of Zambia has three times the number of tourists of Zambia.

The overall average visitor stay of Zambia is also in decline. Zambia has around 34 game management areas and 19 national parks covering 33 percent of the country area but only five percent has been developed for tourism. This is the situation that is now being addressed by the government.

Further Development Of Tourism In Zambia

In order to diversify the Zambian economy and promote the tourism sector, the government is developing Northern Tourism Circuit that includes Luapula, Northern side and part of Muchinga provinces.

In order to improve the tourism sector of Zambia, the government is focused on two major areas including the development of greater Livingston and the Northern circuit in the northern and southern provinces of Zambia.

The government has also started rehabilitation of infrastructure such as airports, roads and communication facilities.

A phased approach is being used to invest in Northern Circuit as it is a huge project and resources are limited.

The government is also working towards developing Kasaba Bay Tourism project that includes Sumbu National Park, parts of Tondwa and Kaputa Game Management areas, Iyendew valley and Sumbu Township.

The government is also investing extensively and effectively in marketing strategy to create awareness and demand of tourism opportunity in Zambia.

Zambia is being represented at various international exhibitions and fairs to expand interaction with different travel trade.

For tourists aiming long haul in Zambia, the convenience and cost of international flights to Zambia is also under consideration.

Pricing data of tickets suggests that airfares of Zambia fall in the mid-range in the entire region but are higher compared to Kenya, South Africa and Tanzania.

For this, the government is working towards increasing direct international flight options from key tourism markets in Europe and United States.

Investment Opportunities In Tourism In Zambia

The government has identified many under-explored opportunities in the tourism sector of Zambia such as eco-tourism and cultural tourism.

For investors in tourism sector Zambia offers a number of fiscal incentives such as zero percent tax rate on dividends from the year in which first dividends are declared.

There is zero percent import duty on capital goods, raw material, machinery and specialized motor vehicles for 5 years.

There is also deferment of VAT on equipment and machinery including specialized motor vehicles and trucks.

There is also duty exemption on qualifying and imported capital items.

The government of Zambia has invested in facilitating investors for land acquisition.

All these incentives have been provided for next five years (2015-2020).

With these in place, the government is determined to make Zambia a leading tourist destination by creating jobs, contribute in economy and poverty reduction.

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Zambia Tourism Revenue Growth

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Tourism Revenue Growth by Country Comparison

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The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Zambia was worth 29.16 billion US dollars in 2022, according to official data from the World Bank. The GDP value of Zambia represents 0.01 percent of the world economy. source: World Bank

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