do all cruise ships have doctors

What happens if you get sick or injured (or bitten by a monkey) on a cruise ship

• Cruise ships can treat a wide range of illnesses and injuries on board.
• Some onboard medical facilities look like urgent care centers, while others are more like doctor's offices.
• Health insurance often does not cover medical care on cruises, but travel insurance might.

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When Jennifer Lautenschlager woke up with sniffles and a headache last month, she canceled her plans and went to see the doctor. The nurse took her temperature – she had about a 102-degree fever – and ran some tests, and the doctor examined her, before sending her on her way with several prescriptions.

It was a largely normal sick visit, except the 51-year-old software engineer was on a cruise ship along the coast of Mexico.

Lautenschlager had been looking forward to going kayaking on a stop in Cabo San Lucas during her 15-day Panama Canal sailing with Norwegian Cruise Line. Instead, she spent most of the day in her cabin before visiting the ship's medical facility, where she was diagnosed with an upper respiratory infection.

"(The facility was like) what I would think a typical urgent care was," said Lautenschlager, who lives in the Atlanta area. "Like a decent, good urgent care."

"Each of our ships has a state-of-the-art onboard medical center staffed with highly qualified doctors and nurses, to provide care for both guests and crew while at sea," Norwegian said in its 2021 ESG report . "We follow guidelines for our medical facilities provided by CLIA in conjunction with the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP)."

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Cruise ships are perhaps best known for amenities like buffets and swimming pools, but their medical facilities also have the capability to treat a wide range of illnesses and injuries, from common colds to heart attacks.

 Here's what to know about getting sick or hurt on a cruise ship.

What are cruise ship medical facilities like?

Dr. Joe Scott, senior director of fleet medical operations at cruise line operator Carnival Corporation, said some of its ships' facilities look like urgent care centers passengers would find on land, while others on some of its larger vessels are bigger and more similar to doctor's offices. However, he noted that the facilities are generally set up like a typical emergency department.

Cruise line members of Cruise Lines International Association, the industry's leading trade group, worked with the ACEP "to develop and implement guidelines on cruise ship medical facilities," according to its website . Oceangoing CLIA member lines must follow them.

Scott, who is currently chair of the ACEP's Cruise Ship Medicine Section, said the guidelines are updated every couple of years.

The facilities are staffed by doctors and nurses, and the company's bigger ships may also have medical administrators, paramedics and health care assistants.

The ships also have alternate medical sites, as directed by the guidelines. "So, if the first medical center is compromised in any way, we have an alternative one so we can continue to provide treatment," said Scott, who oversees day-to-day operations for the company's North American brands, including Carnival Cruise Line, Princess Cruises and Holland America Line.

What can cruise ship medical facilities treat?

Carnival Corp. medical facilities can treat a variety of ailments, from rashes and earaches to heart attacks. "There really isn't (anything) we can't treat, at least for the first few hours," said Scott.

Doctors on the ship can prescribe medications to be dispensed and taken while on board, and treat serious illness either until passengers improve or as a stopgap measure until a passenger can be brought ashore, depending on the scenario. In the case of a heart attack, they can give patients thrombolytics – or "clot-busting drugs" – on board until they can get them to a cardiac catheterization lab, which the vessels do not have.

The cruise line operator has a formulary – a list of medications needed to treat most diagnoses made on the ships – and stocks the vessels with those, though supplies are limited given the finite storage on board.

The cruise ship environment can limit the team's capabilities in other ways, too. For example, the vessels have X-ray machines (medical staff are trained to operate radiology and lab equipment). But Scott said, "No one has really yet figured out how to put a CT scan on a ship that is moving through the ocean and have it work well."

And while all medical staff working on board are credentialed in their home countries, sometimes they need outside assistance.

Janice Mullin and her husband, Jeff, were waiting to tour caves as part of a shore excursion in Gibraltar during a 2012 cruise when a Barbary ape jumped up on a bench beside her. The animal reached for the band of her Timex watch, attempting to take it off her arm.

As she stood up, the ape bit her, leaving puncture wounds on her arm. "I tend to make light of most everything, so I said, 'It's no big deal,' " Mullin, now 77, said. "My husband said, 'No, I think you need to tell the tour guide,' and she absolutely freaked out."

The cruise line, Holland America, rushed her to the ship's medical facility. The doctor told Mullin he had never seen a monkey bite before, and the medical personnel called the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for guidance. They gave her several injections and put her on antibiotic and antiviral medications.

Mullin, who lives in Enid, Oklahoma, said the cruise line covered her medical expenses and she felt the care she received was "wonderful," though she picked up an undesirable souvenir. "I had this great big black spot on my arm ... it was probably about the size of a softball," she said. "I had my 15 minutes of fame, and people would say, 'Oh, there's the woman who got bit by the monkey.' "

Scott said situations like that are "not that frequent." He also noted that the company developed Health Operations Centers at the start of the pandemic, which are based in offices on shore and can provide support to those working onboard.

Carnival Corp. has agreements with multiple university medical centers to conduct consultations with specialists.

How do cruise ships get sick or injured people to shore?

Scott said how cruise ships get sick or injured passengers to shore depends in large part on "the weather, the location and the assets available."

If the ship has a stop coming up, they may wait until they can get to a port. If not, they consider what is nearby, or if the U.S. Coast Guard (or equivalent officials in other countries) are available to them, which can provide a helicopter evacuation, or by boat if they are closer to shore.

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Scott said they remove sick or injured passengers at ports the vast majority of the time, which is the "safest way to do it." Even if there are not medical facilities near a given port, there may be an airstrip, allowing the team to schedule a medevac aircraft to come meet the ship, Scott said.

Does insurance cover medical expenses on a cruise?

Many health insurance plans do not cover medical expenses incurred at sea or in foreign countries, Scott said. Carnival Corp. requires passengers to pay for those services, and they can then submit the receipts to their insurance company.

He said he is "not aware" of any cruise line that accepts insurance in its medical facilities, and highly recommended passengers purchase travel insurance, which he said is more likely to cover those bills.

Scott said a medical evacuation can cost tens of thousands of dollars, though the amount varies depending on the circumstances.

Lautenschlager's medical costs on Norwegian totaled $371.96, including medication, according to a receipt she shared with USA TODAY. She plans to submit the expenses to her travel insurance provider.

While a medical issue can put a damper on vacation, even Mullin, who was bitten by the monkey, still loves cruising. She sails two to three times a year with her husband.

"It hasn't deterred us any, the idea of being sick," she said. "Because that's life, people get sick."

Have you had a medical emergency during vacation? How was that experience?

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Are there doctors, nurses, medical centers, or hospitals on cruise ships?

Stay safe and healthy at sea with comprehensive health services on cruise ships. Learn about the medical care options onboard.

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The presence of medical facilities and healthcare professionals plays a critical role in guaranteeing the safety and well-being of everyone on board as cruise ships travel across enormous oceans, taking passengers to faraway places. Beyond the glitz and glamour of the onboard entertainment and luxurious rooms, cruise ships prioritize the health and safety of guests and crew members by offering medical facilities, physicians, and nurses. These essential components provide a safety net that extends far beyond the allure of open waters.

Do cruise ships have doctors, nurses, medical centers, or hospitals?

Cruise ships know the significance of attending to potential medical issues at sea. Consider the difficulties in providing medical treatment in a small area without access to the extensive infrastructure of the mainland. Cruise lines have grown to include complete medical facilities that mimic the services offered in a small community clinic to meet these problems. 

Medical Professionals Onboard

Qualified medical professionals are available on cruise ships to handle various potential health issues that may emerge while at sea. These experts frequently include doctors and nurses with expertise in managing various medical conditions. They are crucial in maintaining the safety of both crew members and passengers.

Medical Centers

Most contemporary cruise ships have specialized medical facilities that serve as onboard clinics. These hospitals frequently have all the necessary tools and supplies to deal with mild illnesses and more serious medical emergencies. They are created to offer immediate care and treatment, assisting in easing problems and ensuring that travelers can continue enjoying their trip.

Scope of Services

The onboard medical facilities on cruise ships provide a variety of medical services. These involve managing common health conditions, including seasickness, minor accidents, respiratory infections, etc. They can also, if necessary, stabilize more serious medical conditions until the ship can dock at a port with more sophisticated medical facilities. While cruise ship medical facilities can offer initial care, it's crucial to remember that they might have a different capacity than a full-service hospital on land.

Emergency Preparedness

Strict safety rules are followed by cruise ships, and this includes being ready for medical emergencies. The medical staff onboard has specialized training to manage emergency scenarios. The ship is equipped with a morgue, medical supplies, and drugs, guaranteeing it can manage various situations. Additionally, cruise lines stay in touch with local medical professionals who can advise on life-threatening conditions.

Passenger and Crew Care

Both passengers and staff can receive medical care on cruise ships. Crew members put a lot of effort behind the scenes to ensure a seamless and pleasurable voyage while safeguarding their health is equally necessary. Both passengers and the crew, who work around the clock to deliver great service, benefit from access to medical care onboard.

Traveler's Responsibility

Although cruise ships contain medical facilities and trained staff , guests must also be responsible for their health and safety. It is advised to carry necessary medications and medical records, practice good hygiene, and adhere to any health precautions specified by the cruise line.

Navigating Challenges and Emergencies

Cruise ships operate in a dynamic environment where they must contend with difficulties, including bad weather and the possibility of medical problems at sea. To tackle these difficulties, emergency preparedness is a top priority for cruise lines. The medical staff on board receives specialized training to handle various situations, and the medical facilities are loaded with supplies and tools to address diverse medical emergencies.

Also Read:  Should I Buy Cruise Insurance?

Cruise ships serve as floating havens of tranquility beyond the glitz and glamour. Travelers and crew members can set sail with an assurance that their health and safety are in capable hands because their medical facilities are the pinnacle of care and are staffed by devoted specialists. Cruise ships have doctors, nurses, and medical facilities on board to cater to various health concerns. The care of passengers' and crew members' safety and well-being depends on these amenities. Even though they may not be able to replace a hospital with all the necessary equipment entirely, cruise ships are well-equipped to provide the necessary care and assistance, making everyone's cruise experience safer and more enjoyable.

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Do cruise ships have doctors onboard?

Home » Do cruise ships have doctors onboard?

Last updated on September 17th, 2023 at 04:00 pm

Yes, most large cruise ships have doctors on board at all times, working 4 or 6 month contracts with the cruise line. In addition to doctors, the ship is also staffed with other medical personnel who can assist during an emergency.

Major cruise lines staff their ships with doctors trained in emergency room medicine, making them ideal candidates to work on cruise ships where emergency situations occur frequently.

The medical clinic on a cruise ship is open during specific daytime hours for visits from passengers. In addition to the regular office hours, staff are available 24 hours per day for emergencies.

The medical clinic looks quite similar to a walk-in clinic or urgent care clinic on land and is surprisingly well-equipped with modern medical equipment.

The ship also has a pharmacy that can provide access to common over-the-counter medications that may be needed during a cruise.

Pain killers, anti-inflammatory drugs, drugs for seasickness and many others are available, for a cost.

If you forget your regular prescription medications at home, don’t assume the ship will have what you need.

The ship is equipped for emergency situations and while they may have your forgotten medications in their inventory, don’t count on it.

Use of the medical clinic is NOT free.

There are fees to see the doctor and fees for any medications that may be prescribed. These fees are charged to your room/ship account and must be paid before you can leave the ship.

Cruise ship medical services can be reimbursed by most travel insurance providers. Check with your insurance provider before you leave.

In the event that you suffer a major medical issue during your cruise, like a heart attack for example, the medical staff will coordinate your evacuation from the ship.

Depending on the ship’s location, you may be evacuated by a helicopter by the Coast Guard, or transportation to a local hospital will be arranged if the ship is docked or close to land.

*NOTE – If you experience an unusual case of fever, symptoms of a cold, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain or nausea, it’s important that you visit the ship’s doctor immediately to determine if this could be a widespread issue like COVID-19 or Norovirus that could affect many others.

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Do Cruise Ships Have Doctors and Medical Facilities? Explained

Boarding a cruise ship brings with it the excitement of the sea, but have you ever wondered what happens if someone falls ill onboard? The recent COVID-19 pandemic has starkly highlighted the need for robust healthcare systems in these floating cities.

Take P&O Cruises, for example. They’ve ramped up their health protocols, ensuring their medical centers are equipped and ready 24/7, with qualified staff to handle everything from seasickness to more serious concerns.

In this article, I will guide you through the healthcare services aboard a cruise ship. We’ll dive into the facilities available, the expertise of the medical staff, and how cruising giants have adapted to keep us safe in turbulent times.

Do Cruise Ships Have Doctors?

One of the most common questions I get asked about cruise life is, “Do ships have doctors?” The answer is a resounding yes, and the level of care they provide is more comprehensive than you might expect. The medical standards on cruise ships, particularly those operating from the U.S., are rigorous.

The American College of Emergency Physicians , alongside the Cruise Lines International Association, lays down stringent guidelines for both the medical personnel and the facilities onboard. This ensures a high level of care, similar to what you’d find in many land-based medical facilities.

Doctor Qualifications

The qualifications of cruise ship doctors are particularly impressive. Under the ACEP standards, they must have at least three years of post-graduate experience in fields like general and emergency medicine, or be board-certified in specialties such as advanced life support practices, medical emergencies, family, minor surgical procedures, or internal medicine. They’re also required to be certified in advanced cardiac life support.

Pediatric Care

For ships carrying children under 12, there’s an additional layer of care required. At least one physician is required to have pediatric training or equivalent emergency training involving kids, ensuring that our youngest cruisers are in safe hands in the ship’s medical center.

Beyond the cruise ship doctor, the medical team includes highly trained nurses, often with paramedic experience. All nurses are experienced registered nurses, forming a robust team ready to tackle a range of medical needs.

On-Board Facilities

Many larger cruise ships, like those operated by Princess Cruises, have hospital-like treatment rooms within their onboard medical centers. The size of the medical team varies with the ship’s size – the largest vessels may have two doctors and up to six nurses. Smaller river ships, staying close to shore, may have fewer staff, relying on easy access to land-based facilities in emergencies.

All medical practitioners, including doctors and nurses, are accountable to a chief medical officer stationed at the cruise line’s central office, who is available round the clock to assist in case of emergencies.

On my very first cruise, I remember being pleasantly surprised to discover the extent of medical facilities onboard. The infirmary, usually tucked away on a lower deck, is a hub of medical expertise. While it typically operates during regular hours, as listed in the ship’s daily program, the medical staff is always on call for emergencies, ensuring round-the-clock care.

Walking into the infirmary is much like entering any doctor’s office. There’s a waiting room where you fill out medical history forms before heading to one of the exam rooms . In my experience, the staff is as professional and thorough as any land-based clinic.

It’s only in more serious medical situations that you’re taken to the separate area housing hospital beds , a small surgical suite for minor surgeries, or the ICU and isolation rooms . Thankfully, I’ve never needed these services, but it’s reassuring to know they’re there.

The equipment in these shipboard medical centers is impressive. Onboard, you will typically find cardiac monitors, defibrillators, ventilators, x-ray machines, oxygen tanks, and even laboratory equipment. On some Carnival Cruise Line ships, for instance, there’s advanced technology like thrombolytic therapy for blood clots and pulse oximetry for oxygen level testing.

Carnival Cruise Line ‘s medical facilities have specific hours:

On the day the ship embarks, they’re open from 8 to 9 a.m. and 3 to 5 p.m. On sea days, the facilities are open from 9 a.m. to noon and 3 to 6 p.m., while on port days, their hours are from 8 to 10 a.m. and 4 to 6 p.m. This ensures medical care is accessible to all passengers, regardless of the day’s activities.

Pharmacies On Cruise

When seasickness hit me unexpectedly, I was relieved to find that the ship had its own well-stocked medical facility, equipped to provide immediate relief.

Onboard pharmacies carry a surprising variety of medicines, ensuring passengers have access to essential medications for common health issues. The inventory, which varies by ship, includes everything from antibiotics and seasickness pills (often complimentary) to aspirin and other over-the-counter drugs.

These pharmacies are well-equipped to cater to a diverse array of medical requirements, maintaining a supply of medications for cardiovascular and gastrointestinal ailments, infectious diseases, respiratory conditions, and even vaccines. Whether you’re dealing with a minor ailment or something more significant, there’s a high chance the pharmacy can help.

While the convenience is unmatched, it’s worth noting that the cost of medications on board can be higher than your home pharmacy, but generally comparable to prices you’d find if you purchased them in a port. This includes seasickness medications, which are readily available and can be a lifesaver for those who are unsure if they’ll be affected by motion sickness . This is a small price to pay for the convenience and peace of mind provided by these pharmacies.

Having this resource at hand on a cruise ship reassures passengers that their health and comfort are taken seriously, making for a safer and more enjoyable journey.

Common Medical Issues Handled on Cruise Ships

I’ve seen firsthand how the medical team on cruise ships expertly handles common health concerns. According to the World Health Organization , the most common issues are respiratory and gastrointestinal illnesses , like influenza and norovirus. They also skillfully manage cases of motion sickness and various injuries.

It’s important to understand that a ship’s medical facility is more of an infirmary than a full-fledged hospital. This means while they’re equipped for a range of medical situations, they’re not designed for highly complex medical procedures. The staff’s expertise in quickly addressing these common issues is truly commendable, ensuring that passengers get the care they need to continue enjoying their journey.

Procedures for Handling Emergencies and Serious Medical Conditions.

Cruising is generally a smooth experience, but it’s comforting to know that if a medical emergency arises, the cruise ship doctors and the team on board are well-prepared. This is particularly reassuring for seniors who are on a cruise  and may have concerns about health care while traveling. Most medical issues on ships are routine, yet the team is adept at providing life support services and stabilizing anyone seriously ill.

In cases where a patient needs more intensive care than the ship can provide, medivac procedures come into play. The patient would typically be medically disembarked at the next port and transferred to a hospital on a stretcher.

But, if a critical emergency occurs at sea, the U.S. Coast Guard, or the local equivalent overseas, is ready to assist, even airlifting patients if necessary. It’s a bit sobering, but ships are equipped with morgue facilities too, just in case. This level of preparedness is part of adhering to the American College of Emergency Physicians’ standards.

Cruise lines have clear policies on when passengers should be medically disembarked. The medical team aboard the ship possesses the authority to determine whether a passenger is not fit to continue their journey at sea. For instance, as MSC Cruises outlines, passengers are disembarked if their condition could endanger their health or safety.

These decisions are always made with the passenger’s well-being in mind. It’s important to emphasize that air evacuation is exclusively reserved for the most critical cases. This procedure introduces additional physical and emotional strain, and the medevac units are manned by highly trained medics specializing in emergency treatment.

Case Studies or Examples of Medical Incidents Handled at Sea

Let me share a story from one of my cruises that stuck with me. Everyone was soaking up the sun, some by the pool, others with a book in hand. That’s when something unexpected happened.

Out of nowhere, a fellow passenger, an older gentleman enjoying his time by the pool, suddenly slumped over. It was one of those moments that made your heart skip a beat. But what happened next was truly remarkable.

The medical team, they were like superheroes in disguise. They appeared almost instantly, maneuvering through the crowd with a stretcher and a medical bag. Their efficiency and calmness amidst the sudden rush of worried onlookers were incredible.

They quickly got to work, checking the gentleman’s vital signs, and administering first aid. It was like watching a well-choreographed dance, each move precise and confident. The way they handled the situation, with such professionalism and care, it was reassuring to know that we were in safe hands.

In less than an hour, the gentleman was stabilized and taken to the infirmary for further observation. The whole incident was a powerful reminder of the unexpected turns life can take, even in the middle of the ocean, and the importance of having a competent medical team on board. It’s these behind-the-scenes heroes that make cruising not just enjoyable, but safe for everyone.

How Passengers Can Access Medical Care on Board

Ever wondered how you can get medical help while cruising? It’s simpler than you might think. On a cruise, if you ever need medical attention, here’s how it works.

To begin, it’s common to find the medical center situated on a lower deck of the cruise ship. This is a strategic choice – away from the hustle and bustle of crowded areas and conveniently close to crew facilities. This arrangement is especially reassuring for solo travelers over their 50s , who can feel confident about accessing medical services easily, regardless of the time of day.

It ensures privacy and easy access, both for passengers and crew. What’s great about these medical centers is that they cater to everyone on board – passengers and crew alike. So, whether it’s a minor ailment or something more serious, the medical team is there to help.

Now, while the medical team is on call 24/7 for emergencies, for regular visits, you’ll want to go during their scheduled hours. These hours are usually listed in the ship’s daily program, so it’s easy to plan your visit. Just drop in during these times, and you’ll get the care you need.

Costs and Insurance Considerations for Medical Care at Sea

When it comes to medical care at sea, it’s essential to be prepared for potential costs. Treatment and medications provided by ship physicians are usually charged to your cabin account, often requiring immediate out-of-pocket payment. Cruise ship doctors, who typically operate as independent contractors, may charge an hourly fee, with additional costs for any medications or tests.

This is where travel insurance becomes invaluable. Generally costing between 5 and 8 percent of your trip’s total price, it can cover most cruise ship medical expenses incurred onboard. Opting for travel insurance and preferably health insurance offers peace of mind, ensuring you’re financially protected against unexpected medical costs during your cruise.

The COVID-19 pandemic brought unprecedented challenges to the cruising world, leading to significant enhancements in onboard medical services. This included regular health screenings, isolation wards for suspected cases, and enhanced sanitation measures. Witnessing this swift adaptation and commitment to passenger health was both reassuring and impressive

These changes underline the importance and availability of comprehensive medical care on cruise ships. From routine ailments to emergency responses, the medical teams are equipped to handle a spectrum of health issues, ensuring the safety and well-being of every passenger and crew member.

As we look forward to more adventures at sea, it’s comforting to know that the industry’s response to health crises like COVID-19 has made cruising safer than ever. With well-stocked pharmacies, capable medical staff, and enhanced health protocols, cruise lines have demonstrated a steadfast commitment to ensuring a safe and healthy experience for all.

So, as you set sail on your next cruise, rest assured that your health and safety are in capable hands, letting you fully enjoy the wonders of the sea with peace of mind.

Do cruise ships have real doctors?

Cruise ships are equipped with fully qualified doctors who provide medical services to passengers and crew. These medical professionals are licensed physicians capable of addressing various health concerns while at sea. Additionally, in the rare event of a fatality, cruise ships are prepared with onboard morgues to respectfully and appropriately handle such situations until the ship reaches port.

Can cruise ship doctors prescribe antibiotics?

Cruise ship doctors can prescribe antibiotics when appropriate. They can diagnose and treat illnesses, including bacterial infections, to ensure passengers’ well-being during their voyage.

How much do cruise ship PAs make?

Cruise Ship Physician Assistants in St. Petersburg earn an average annual salary of $105,360. These healthcare professionals play a vital role in providing medical care to passengers and crew, contributing to the safety and health of those on board.

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I’m Bobby Pham, but you can call me “Bobby on Cruise.” I’ve been cruising the high seas and exploring the world for years, and I’m thrilled to share my passion and expertise with you. When not cruising, I spend my time on growing my marketing agency.

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Medical Services

Should a guest require medical attention while aboard one of our vessels, the Medical Center staff is available to assist 24 hours a day. The on board medical centers are staffed and equipped to treat routine medical conditions as well as to initiate stabilization of more serious conditions. Physicians are available to render services at a customary fee. While at sea or in port, the availability of medical care may be limited.

Medical Center Hours The Medical Center has daily office hours which are listed in the HUB App. The medical staff is on call 24 hours a day for emergencies. Routine hours are subject to temporary change due to extenuating circumstances: 

• Embarkation day: 8:00am-9:00am and 3:00pm-5:00pm
• Sea days: 9:00am-12:00pm and 3:00pm-6:00pm
• Port days: 8:00am-10:00am and 4:00pm-6:00pm

A charge for medical services will be billed to the guest's Sail & Sign® Account and a receipt will be provided for the guest to submit to their medical insurance provider upon return for possible reimbursement.

The physicians on board are independent contractors and are entitled to render services at a customary fee which may vary from ship to ship based on the time of day. The basic fee does NOT include medication, tests or treatment. 

Note: Guests who purchased  Carnival Vacation Protection™  may be eligible for reimbursement of up to $10,000 for covered medical-related expenses and up to $30,000 for necessary Emergency Medical Evacuation expenses should they become ill or injured or require medical evacuation while on their cruise vacation. The medical benefits are secondary to coverage the guest may have through their regular health insurance provider(s). Refer to  https://www.carnival.com/about-carnival/vacation-protection.aspx for additional details.

Medication Over-the-Counter medications for cold, cough, upset stomach or other minor illnesses can be purchased at the Medical Center during business hours. In addition, the shops on board may carry some of these items. Prescription drugs and vitamins may not be readily available, either on board the ship or in the ports. 

Meclizine, motion sickness pills can be purchased at the Medical Center, Guest Services or through Room Service. The cost is $3.29 USD for four pills. We do not carry motion sickness patches or wristbands. A motion sickness injection is available for a fee at the Medical Center but will only be administered to those who are actively vomiting and not as a preventative measure.

Diabetes/Medicine Storage

Staterooms on a number of  ships are equipped with  non-stocked mini bar units which are designed to maintain the temperature of beverages. Please do not use them to store medications that have specific temperature requirements. Should you need to store medicine that needs proper refrigeration, medi-coolers are available on board in limited quantities, and on a first come, first serve basis - please visit our Guest Services Desk once on board; a $75 refundable deposit is required. If a medi-cooler is not available, our ship’s Medical Center will arrange storage - please contact them once on board. Note: A small, personal-sized cooler no larger than 12” x 12” x 12” for the purpose of housing medications is permitted as carry-on luggage. 

Medical Staffing and Equipment  In order to maintain a safe and comfortable environment for our guests, our medical centers meet or exceed the standards established by the Cruise Lines International Association (CLIA) and the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP).

Our medical centers are staffed by qualified physicians and nurses who are committed to providing the highest quality of shipboard medical care. Medical staffing is correlated to the size of the ship and varies from one physician and three nurses to as many as two physicians and five nurses.

Ship’s physicians meet or exceed the credentialing guidelines established by the cruise ship medicine section of the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP). In addition, doctors must demonstrate competent skill levels and hold current certification in basic and advanced cardiac life support and cardiac care, have experience in general medicine or general practice including emergency or critical care, and have one to three years clinical experience and minor surgical skills, and board or similar international certification is preferred. The doctors on board are independent contractors.

Shipboard medical facilities are set up to provide reasonable emergency medical care for guests and crew. In cases of extreme emergency where more comprehensive facilities are required, patients are referred to shoreside facilities.

In addition to standard lifesaving equipment such as defibrillators and external pacemakers, our medical centers carry some of the latest in medical technology including thrombolytic therapy, electrocardiograph machines, lab equipment, pulse oximetry and x-ray machines on many of our ships.

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Do Cruise Ships Have Doctors?

by The Cruise Web Team June 9, 2021, 11:19 am

Do cruise ships have doctors on board?

This is a question that no traveler hopes to ask while onboard a cruise vacation. However, it is important for cruisers to know about the health and safety resources available to them in the event of an emergency. So, do cruise ships have doctors? Yes, most cruise ships sail with at least one doctor and two nurses onboard, alongside a medical staff who is on call 24 hours per day.

It is important to keep in mind that if an injury or ailment is severe enough, the cruise ship’s medical staff will refer guests to a facility on land for care. In less severe cases, guests in need of care will be ushered to one of the cruise ships medical facilities, usually located on a lower deck.

A cruise ship’s infirmary must follow American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) guidelines, which dictate that all medical facilities must carry the proper equipment to perform a variety of treatments and diagnostics. This equipment includes but is not limited to wheelchairs, a stretcher, a back board for spine immobilization, lab capabilities for tests, oxygen, EKG capabilities, two defibrillators, cardiac monitors, and other tools to monitor vital signs.

Royal Caribbean issued this statement regarding doctors and medical practices on their ships:

“Every Royal Caribbean ship offers limited professional medical services through licensed physicians and nurses. All Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. ships have shipboard medical facilities that are built, staffed, stocked and equipped to meet or exceed guidelines established by the American College of Emergency Physicians Cruise Ship & Maritime Medicine Section.”

While nobody wants to imagine the possibility of becoming ill or injured on vacation, travelers and cruise lines alike must expect the best but prepare for anything. For more information on medical assistance at sea or to book your dream vacation today, call The Cruise Web at 1-800-377-9383 and speak with one of our expert travel consultants. Or, visit us 24 hours a day online at www.cruiseweb.com .

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What to do if you get sick on a cruise

What to know about medical facilities, doctors and emergencies on cruise ships

Cruise ships are universes of their own, with restaurants, casinos, waterslides and race tracks . Packing thousands of passengers into confined spaces, sometimes for weeks or even months, can heighten the risk of spreading contagious diseases.

Although most major cruise lines have cleaning standards, catching something on a ship isn’t far-fetched, according to Joe Scott, senior director of fleet medical operations for Carnival Corp. A ship is usually most concerned about the diseases that can spread in these close-contact environments, such as gastroenteritis , influenza and the coronavirus . Norovirus outbreaks have risen as people have returned to cruise ships after a pandemic hiatus; the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has reported 13 outbreaks on cruise ships this year .

“On cruise ships, probably the biggest thing we worry about is communicable disease,” Scott said. “How do we keep our crew members, our guests and the residents of the countries that we visit, how do we keep them all healthy and safe?”

We asked: Should I cancel a cruise if my ship had norovirus?

Major cruise lines follow health and sanitation standards to keep passengers safe on board, including regular cleaning throughout cabins, restaurants, snack areas, pools and elevators. Ships are also subject to at least two unannounced annual inspections in partnership with the CDC and three or more formal public health reviews, according to the Cruise Lines International Association .

Passengers should prepare for the possibility that they may get sick on their voyage, such as by purchasing travel insurance that covers medical costs, visiting a doctor beforehand to assess medical risks or packing extra medication.

As major cruise lines prepare for peak booking season, here’s what to expect if you find yourself sick on a ship.

More cruise news

Living at sea: Travelers on a 9-month world cruise are going viral on social media. For some travelers, not even nine months was enough time on a ship; they sold cars, moved out of their homes and prepared to set sail for three years . That plan fell apart, but a 3.5-year version is waiting in the wings.

Passengers beware: It’s not all buffets and dance contests. Crime data reported by cruise lines show that the number of sex crimes has increased compared to previous years. And though man-overboard cases are rare, they are usually deadly .

The more you know: If you’re cruise-curious, here are six tips from a newcomer. Remember that in most cases, extra fees and add-ons will increase the seemingly cheap price of a sailing. And if you happen to get sick , know what to expect on board.

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What licensed medical staff/doctor and services are available onboard a Royal Caribbean cruise ship?

Every Royal Caribbean ship offers limited professional medical services through licensed (international or domestic) physicians and nurses. All Royal Caribbean Group ships have shipboard medical facilities that are built, staffed, stocked, and equipped to meet or exceed guidelines established by the American College of Emergency Physicians Cruise Ship & Maritime Medicine Section.

Depending on the size of the ship and number of passengers and crew members, each RCG ship has two to three licensed doctors and three to five licensed nurses available to passengers and crew members 24/7. Our doctors do not have NPI numbers, as that is a US-based requirement, instead they use tax IDs. 

Our medical facilities are stocked with a variety of equipment including cardiac monitors, automated external defibrillators, ventilators, x-ray machines and processors, laboratory equipment, a formulary of acute care medications, and a variety of minor surgical and orthopedic supplies. Our doctors also have access to online informational resources and 24-hour support from shoreside medical professionals for additional assistance. Royal Caribbean Group also requires all doctors and nurses to maintain Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) training. In responding to medical emergencies, our goal is to first stabilize emergency patients and, when necessary, evacuate the patient to an appropriately equipped and staffed shoreside medical facility.

If you have been treated onboard, and need to request your medical records, please fill out the request form .

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Qualified Cruise Ship Doctors

When planning a cruise trip we tend to not plan on having any medical issues, but sometimes life has other plans in store. Luckily, cruise ships are equipped with medical offices and an infirmary with medical staff available around the clock.

These cruise ship doctors and medical facilities are usually only equipped to treat minor illnesses and injuries. If the condition is serious and critical and you find yourself in need of urgent medical care, you’ll be referred to professionals on land and disembarked immediately to receive treatment.  

This article will cover what cruise ship doctors do, medical facilities on board, and procedures and regulations regarding medical needs onboard. 

Table of Contents

Do cruise ships have doctors, nurses, or medical centers on board?

The short answer is yes. Ships from major cruise lines are required at the bare minimum to have one doctor and two assisting nurses onboard at all times. Larger cruise ships require two cruise ship doctors and up to four nurses on standby.

Ships are legally required to have medical staff available 24 hours a day with no exceptions. If you are worried about the safety of a cruise , you can feel better knowing that every cruise ship has medical personnel and facilities on the ship.

Medical Personnel 

Medical staff (physicians and nurses) are required to have at least 3 years of postgraduate experience in general and emergency medicine before being hired. Alternatively, they must be board certified in emergency medicine, internal medicine, and/or family medicine. They are required to graduate from a recognized school of medicine.

The infirmary staff must be capable of performing technically difficult life support practices, emergency care, as well as minor surgical procedures.

They are expected to be capable of stabilizing patients that are critically ill, performing diagnostics and interventions that are therapeutic, and helping to evacuate very ill and injured patients to receive more advanced medical services. The staff is also required to be fluent in the language most dominant onboard the vessel. 

Medical Facilities

If you fall ill or injure yourself you’ll be directed to the onboard medical facilities. The infirmary tends to be on the lower deck. It will be open for a specified time, as shown on your daily programs, but a cruise ship doctor is on call 24 hours a day in case of medical emergencies that require immediate attention.

Inside the medical center, you will be requested to fill out medical history forms, just as you would at a physician’s office in the United States.

If your medical situation requires the use of more advanced facilities, you may be admitted to the area of the infirmary containing hospital beds. There is a small surgical suite where wound suturing and other minor surgeries are conducted.

The main medical center is set up to treat minor illnesses and injuries. The beds are also used to stabilize patients who are in critical condition. The most common illnesses and injuries the staff treats include respiratory and gastrointestinal illnesses as well as motion sickness. 

The infirmary must contain equipment capable of handling a range of diagnostics and treatments for a variety of passengers and staff.

This equipment includes wheelchairs, a stretcher, a backboard for spine mobilization, oxygen, lab equipment specifically for diagnostics, EKG capabilities, cardiac monitors, defibrillators, oxygen tanks, x-ray machines, and vital equipment to gauge vitals.

Onboard there will also be a pharmacy, which means you’ll be able to buy whatever basic medications you might require, as well as some more advanced medications. The size of the pharmacy’s inventory is dependent on the size of the ship and amount of medical personnel as well as the perceived needs of the ship.

The medication you can acquire includes seasickness pills, aspirin, antibiotics as well as any other over-the-counter medications. The pharmacy stocks generally medications for gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and respiratory medications issues, infectious diseases, eyes, ears, and throat infections as well as vaccines. 

Are Cruise Ship Doctors Real Doctors?

All major cruise lines and fleets have onboard medical facilities (not to be mistaken for a hospital) that are staffed by experienced, reputable, and professional medical personnel.

This means that cruise ship doctors and nurses have the same exact credentials as any other “real doctors” would on land. They have tons of medical experience from minor illnesses to emergency critical medical situations. 

Are Medical Services Available On A Cruise Ship?

Yes, medical services to treat minor injuries and illnesses are available onboard. For emergencies, the staff is available 24 hours a day, and if necessary the staff will disembark you to the nearest facility on land for severe cases that cannot be treated onboard. 

Do You Have To Pay For Medical Care On A Cruise Ship?

Cruise ship doctors work independently of their employers, meaning they will charge a basic hourly charge and consultation fee. Additional charges will be added for any tests and medications that are required. All must be paid at the time of service or will be added to your shipboard spending account. 

Will Your Personal Medical Insurance Cover The Medical Expenses? 

No, most insurance companies, including Medicare do not cover medical costs on a cruise ship. That is one of the reasons it is important to get travel insurance whenever you travel out of the United States.

Assuming you do have travel insurance, you will probably have to pay for your medical services and then request reimbursement from your travel insurance policy, if you have one, by filing a claim to recoup what’s covered by your health package.

For senior travelers, it is important to have travel insurance. It typically costs about 5-8% of your total trip cost, which would cover the balance of your medical costs. Without insurance. you would be expected to pay for all the costs out of pocket with no hope for reimbursement.

A great travel insurance company is Allianz Travel Insurance , which is reputable and cost-effective. Not only can your policy cover medical costs, but also if you have a medical emergency, the cost to move you to a qualified medical facility.

Conclusion 

Medical personnel, facilities, and cruise ship doctors are available on-board cruise ships at an additional cost. It is important to get travel insurance before going on your cruise adventure just in case of emergencies.

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Do Cruise Ships have Doctors on Board? Let's find out...

You’re waiting for the right opportunity to get away on a cruise, but you have concerns about the potential for health risks, especially given the COVID risk.

If you do need medical care, are there medical professionals on board who can address your needs? This article covers the main points of what you need to know about medical care on a cruise. 

All major cruise lines have at least one doctor and two or more nurses onboard. These health care professionals must meet specific criteria to practice medicine on a cruise ship. Medical staff is available 24/7 to address passenger medical needs. 

As a cruise line guest, you can do things before and during your cruise to ensure you receive the best medical care. Read on to learn more about cruise ship requirements for medical facilities, the background required for shipboard medical professionals, the medical staff on some popular cruise lines, and what to expect should you need care from medical staff onboard.

Do cruise ships have doctors?

Fortunately for all travellers, cruise ships do have at least one doctor on board with other medical staff to help with various medical needs.  

Doctors must have specific qualifications to provide care on cruise ships. The American College of Emergency Physicians (in the US) offers the following guidelines :

• All clinical staff are licensed and have three years of post-licensing experience.
• Doctors have experience or are board-certified in emergency, family, or internal medicine. If the ship allows children, then appropriate certification in pediatric care is required. 
• At least one doctor must be certified in advanced trauma life support care.
• Cardiovascular, sedation, and minor surgical skills are also required.

Cruise ship guidelines for medical care

Cruise lines and their medical staff follow strict guidelines for their medical facilities and care. Major cruise lines abide by recommendations noted by the Cruise Lines International Association (CLIA - which Hupla is a member of).

If your cruise line is a member of CLIA, you know that onboard medical staff and facilities meet guidelines from The American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP). These guidelines recommend that cruise ships carrying over 100 passengers provide quality medical care for passengers and crew members. 

This care includes appropriate diagnostic, stabilisation, and therapeutic care, including medical evacuation if needed. Medical care must be available 24/7, and the medical staff must be proficient in the cruise ship’s predominant language.

There are also guidelines for onboard medical equipment, lab testing, imagery, and pharmacy.

What medical conditions can cruise ship doctors treat?

Cruise guests may be surprised at the extent of medical expertise and facilities on-board. Treatment of common conditions such as seasickness, sunburn, and injuries like breaks and sprains, is assumed.

However, major cruise lines can also handle emergencies like heart attacks, strokes, and infectious disease outbreaks.

Cruise Ships with a Medical Staff

Check your specific cruise line to determine what medical facilities and health care professionals are available onboard. The following sections provide links to medical facilities and staffing for some popular cruise lines, including protocols for COVID mitigation and care. 

Note: Many cruise lines have suspended sailing until spring of 2021 (June ) due to COVID concerns. However, all cruise lines noted are implementing enhanced COVID safety precautions. Several cruise lines have also announced COVID vaccination requirements for crew members, and the cruise industry is studying how best to handle any vaccination requirements for guests.  

• MSC Cruises - Based in Geneva and registered in Switzerland, MSC Cruises has increased the number of medical staff and implemented COVID precautions such as contactless temperature checks. MSC also notes state-of-the-art medical facilities and contact with a 24/7 medical support team on-shore.
• Norwegian Cruise Line - Headquartered in Miami, additional physicians and nurses are now available on each Norwegian Cruise Line's ship. Other COVID safety protocols include enhanced air filtration, screening, and sanitation.
• Silversea - A luxury cruise line headquartered in Monaco, all Silversea ships have a fully equipped medical centre staffed by a doctor and nurse. Care can also be coordinated with local medical resources when in port.
• Aurora Expeditions - Travel agency headquartered in Port St. Lucie, Florida, Aurora can provide information across several cruise lines (Viking, Holland American, Cunard, Disney, and more). 
• Oceania Cruises - Oceania is also expanding medical teams to provide an excellent medical staff-to-guest ratio for each ship. Additional COVID precautions are being put in place, including a no-touch food and beverage service.
• Azamara - A subsidiary of Royal Caribbean cruises out of Miami, Florida, all Azamara ships offer medical facilities and have at least one doctor and nurse available at all times.
• Regent Seven Seas - Along with Norwegian Cruises, Regent Seven Seas has announced COVID vaccine requirements for crew members. Regent provides Centers for Disease Control guidelines and additional information around enhanced medical safety and resources (including an on-ship Public Health Officer.)

What you can do to ensure a safe cruise

There are several things you can do to help ensure a safe cruise free from medical worries. Good communication with your travel consultant about doctors and medical resources is essential.

Ask about the medical facilities aboard your ship—remember, river cruises may rely solely on on-shore medical resources.

This is because of the proximity to doctors and pharmacies in towns along the cruise route. The more you know, the better prepared you’ll be for a safe cruise.

And make sure that if you have any medical concerns let your agent or the ship know - it is for your own safety.

It is also imperative that if you are on medication, to ensure that you have enough for your entire trip. The ship does not have stock of all medication on the market.

Provide accurate health information

Be prepared to provide information to the cruise line about medical needs and conditions.

For example, if you have conditions requiring oxygen or the need for a wheelchair. In case you need assistance, this information helps the cruise line prepare.

Here are some examples of information you’ll want to provide:

• Do you have a condition requiring oxygen?
• Will you need a wheelchair on-board?
• Are you in your 24 th week of pregnancy? (If so, you will not be allowed to sail. This restriction is per guidance from the American College of Emergency Physicians.)
• Have you taken care of any dental needs? (Besides addressing pain, a trip to the dentist will likely have to wait until the next port.)
• Are you over 70 years of age? If so, you may be required to provide a “medically fit for travel” form.

Again, it’s essential to be open about any pre-existing conditions—and as with other adventures, consider purchasing travel insurance. (Be sure that a travel insurance policy covers every contingency, such as medical evacuation costs.)

Follow cruise health and safety protocols

It’s essential to follow all shipboard protocols for your health and safety. When you embark on your cruise, pay attention to the shipboard safety talk—especially the location of medical facilities and how to notify crew if you need medical assistance.

You can safely enjoy a cruise!

In addition to cruise companies doing their part in providing on-board medical resources, any cruise working from a US port, might be subject to the “ Cruise Passenger Protection Act ”, currently being considered by Congress that mandates doctors and medical staff on cruise ships.

The CDC also provides a way for you to look up your cruise ship to find more information about your cruise ship inspections and safety. 

It’s not that you want to think about this, but one of the best places to have a medical event is on a cruise ship. For one thing, there’s no waiting or travelling from home to hospital for care you need for most medical emergencies. 

Remember that major cruise lines abide by the Cruise Lines International Association and the American College of Emergency Physicians guidelines. This means there will always be a minimum of one doctor and two or more nurses available on-board 24/7. 

Enjoy cruising! If you prepare beforehand and follow guidelines and safety protocols, you really can leave your worries behind and relax.

Know you’ll be in good hands if you need medical assistance. So, go ahead and take in all those wonderful things (sunsets, fun activities, great dining) that make a cruise a delightful escape!

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Cruise Ship Doctors Will Have a Tougher Job Than Ever Once Sailings Resume

By Cassie Shortsleeve

Cruise lines have always staffed medical crews who are held to high standards: American College of Emergency Physician guidelines require onboard staff to be on-call 24/7; physicians must have a minimum of three years of post-graduate experience in general and emergency medicine, or be board-certified in emergency, family, or internal medicine; all staff must be certified in advanced life support.

But today, amid the COVID-19 pandemic , the job of being a doctor or nurse at sea calls for more.

“The difference between then and now is not necessarily in the foundational level of medical training, expertise, credentials, or capabilities that our providers have, but rather in an increased focus around recognizing and initiating treatment for potential SARS CoV-2 infections,” says Calvin Johnson, M.D., chief medical officer for Royal Caribbean Group .

A full return to cruising has yet to happen . But there are already big changes in the ways that doctors and nurses on cruise ships do their jobs. There are also big changes in the ways you’ll seek out care if you need it when you're back onboard. Here, a glimpse of what to expect:

Medical staff will be more involved in pre-screening protocols

Pre-COVID, medical teams often collected health information via a verbal or written questionnaire from passengers and crew, mainly in an effort to identify possible sick passengers (those with gastrointestinal complaints or those with chronic illnesses who may need more assistance on-board). Now, that pre-screening process is more rigorous, including temperature checks , assessments about potential COVID-19 symptoms, and a negative test in the days before boarding. “Sometimes, this requires further participation of the physicians in terms of determining whether somebody should enter the vessel fully free to engage in all activities, if they should go into a quarantine period, or if in fact, boarding should be denied,” explains Edward Dees, M.D., fleet doctor for VIKAND . On the medical staff's part, this'll take more effort up front, but it's an important addition to the job. “The more effort we can put forward to be as effective as we can at preventing the virus from ever getting on the ship, the better,” says Dr. Johnson.

Call-aheads, appointments, and in-your-cabin care will replace drop-in visits

If your allergies kicked up or if you felt a bit flu-ish, it used to be that you’d simply drop into a ship’s medical facility. Today? In general, you’d give the medical facility a call first. (Of course, if there’s an emergency or an accident, ships have teams in place to respond ASAP.) For minor issues or standard care, lines like Royal Caribbean are also instituting new formal appointment processes where you can book a time to be seen via phone or app. It’s an effort to mitigate risk, sure, but one that’ll also (hopefully) help people enjoy their vacations more, Dr. Johnson says. (Read: You don't have to take time away from your trip to sit in a waiting room.)

If you ever noticed symptoms that were in-line with COVID-19 on-board? “The recommendation is going to be that people contact us remotely from their cabins,” says Dr. Dees. From there, a physician or nurse can conduct a telemedicine session and—if you needed it—even provide care in your cabin. “We have to think that if somebody has respiratory complaints, then it could be COVID—and there are precautions that have to be taken,” Dees says. 

In short: In a pre-pandemic world, medical professionals tended to focus on you (the one sick person). In the present environment, they'll take into account who you’ve been exposed to—or who you could be exposed to. And that’s a bit more complex.

On-ship medical centers have a new face

One of the biggest changes to the physical space of a ship’s medical facility is that there's no more common waiting room. Instead, you'll likely find two separate spaces: a control care area (for those with potentially infectious diseases) and another area for non-infectious patients. “It's all designed to limit contact between people who may be infectious or non-infectious,” explains Dr. Johnson. Some vessels have redesigned their medical centers to ensure specific isolation rooms, too, he says. Others have turned guest rooms into isolation rooms, stripping out the carpet in lieu of more easily cleanable flooring and negative pressure ventilation (so that air won’t leave the room and potentially spread to other areas).

There’s a potential need for more equipment

A cruise line’s medical department is like a small community hospital emergency department, and ships have always generally had essentials such as heart monitors, defibrillators, ventilators, X-ray machines, lab equipment, and minor surgical and orthopedic supplies. Typically, ships stock what’s known as “par” levels of equipment, Dr. Johnson says. The pandemic has forced medical staff to re-evaluate what equipment there might be an extra need for, such as personal protective equipment (PPE).

There’s likely more medical staff on-board

The size of a ship’s medical staff depends on the size of the ship itself, but it’s standard to have at least one physician and a nurse or two onboard, says Dr. Dees. On larger ships, you might have multiple medical centers on board, both of which are staffed by a doctor and a nurse or nurses. Since the pandemic, Dr. Dees says that extra nurses have been added to staff lists. “A cruise ship is not a hospital ship and we're not trying to turn it into a hospital ship,” says Johnson. “But we certainly are making sure that we have the on-board capabilities to take care of patients.”

The job is harder now

Being an essential worker during the coronavirus pandemic has brought with it all kinds of stressors, not the least of which is this: “The COVID environment heightens the threat to our own personal selves,” says Dr. Dees. It’s an added layer of stress for medical staff that comes with new job requirements such as the ability to manage a potential COVID-19 outbreak, an increased involvement with ship management and personnel, and working in an ever-changing environment. As scientific knowledge grows and experts continue to piece together what works (and what doesn’t) in the fight against COVID-19, ship policies and procedures change rapidly, too. “Sometimes that can bring with it a sense of being overwhelmed, but we're keeping up with it,” Dees says. “I just think, across the industry, working in a post-COVID world is not going to be as leisurely.”

We're reporting on how COVID-19 impacts travel on a daily basis. Find all of our coronavirus coverage and travel resources here.

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Do Cruise Ships Have Doctors? Answers to Your Medical Care Questions

Traveling on a cruise is one of the most relaxing kinds of vacation. This experience allows you to see a variety of cities and spectacular beaches , marvel at the ocean views, and enjoy maximum comfort . However, some people are hesitant about taking this kind of trip due to medical care and safety concerns. Especially if they have chronic health conditions .

And it’s not hard to see why. At the end of the day, cruise ships bring together people of all ages for several days, a week, or even longer. In fact, a large cruise ship can carry thousands of people, almost as many as a town or a small city.

If you’re hesitant to take a cruise, you’ve come to the right place. Today, we’ll answer some of the most common questions regarding medical assistance on cruises, including:

• Do cruise ships have doctors on board?
• Will cruise doctors provide care to patients with COVID-19?
• What medical staff are on cruise ships?
• What should you expect at a cruise ship medical center?
• Are there pharmacies on board?
• What is the cost of assistance?

Without further ado, let’s dive in.

Do Cruise Ships Have Doctors on Board?

Health issues may arise in these floating metropolises. Therefore, cruise lines employ doctors and nurses onboard to handle any emergencies. Generally, at least two nurses and one doctor will be on board. In many large ships, there are two doctors and three or four nurses. Moreover, according to the American College of Emergency Physicians’ guidelines, ships must have on-call medical staff available 24 hours.

Having said this, onboard facilities are not hospitals – they’re more like health centers or ambulatory care units. Healthcare professionals are trained in emergency medicine and have the necessary equipment to stabilize a patient even in dire circumstances.

Given the case that you have an emergency on a cruise ship, you can call for assistance from your stateroom phone by pushing a button. For minor incidents, you can visit the medical facility during operating hours. However, if the medical staff considers that your case cannot be treated aboard, the captain can call a medical emergency and either:

• Divert to the nearest suitable port.
• Prepare for an emergency disembarkation at sea.

Generally, the cruise’s medical team will arrange your transfer to a suitable hospital on land.

Are Cruise Ship Medical Teams Prepared to Handle a COVID-19 Infection?

Ever since the pandemic, medical staff are also responsible for testing and treating COVID-19, including handling isolation and quarantine for those who test positive.

In fact, some cruise lines have hired additional staff and established separate facilities to handle these tasks, as well as creating new medical requirements for the medical personnel.

For instance, Royal Caribbean requires its doctors to have training in acute respiratory illness. Additionally, the company has an infection control officer on every ship, overseeing the line’s infection control plan.

What Medical Staff Are on Cruise Ships?

All the medical staff (both physicians and nurses) are required to have a minimum of 3 years of postgraduate experience in general and emergency medicine. Alternatively, they may hold a board certification in emergency medicine, family medicine, or internal medicine.

Additionally, a physician with pediatric training or equivalent emergency training involving kids is required on ships carrying children under the age of 12.

For a better understanding of the medical staff’s credentials, we can take Carnival Cruise Lines as an example.

They require their onboard physicians to be registered in either:

• A European Union country
• South Africa
• New Zealand

Another country approved by the fleet’s medical director

Additionally, the personnel must be able to perform:

• Advanced life support practices
• Cardiovascular emergency care
• Minor surgical procedures
• Diagnostic and therapeutic interventions

What’s more, they are expected to:

• Stabilize severely ill or injured patients
• Assist them to be evacuated if necessary

Nurses and doctors must also speak the ship’s dominant language fluently.

What Should You Expect at a Cruise Ship Medical Center?

The ship’s medical centers are designed to both treat minor, non-emergency conditions and stabilize passengers facing life-threatening conditions. These facilities are often equipped with:

• Several beds
• Lab capabilities for tests
• EKG capability
• Wheelchairs
• Backboard or spine immobilization
• A stretcher
• Defibrillators
• Cardiac monitors
• And other equipment to gauge vital signs.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, ship infirmaries vary based on:

• Size and length of sailing
• Passenger demographics

Are there Pharmacies on Board?

Yes, you can find pharmacy stocks onboard. There, you can get the most common medical supplies and medications. The inventory’s size will vary by ship. In most cases, you can reach out to the medical staff if you need antibiotics, seasickness pills, aspirin, or any other medication.

Generally, pharmacy stocks on board include medications for:

• Gastrointestinal issues
• Cardiovascular issues
• Respiratory problems
• Infectious diseases affecting the eyes, ears, nose, throat, and urinary tract

Most pharmacy stocks also include vaccines.

However, prices onboard will be higher than those at your local pharmacy. But they’re pretty similar to what you would pay if you got off the ship and bought your medications at the port.

What Is the Cost of Assistance?

The physicians on cruise ships are independent contractors who usually charge a basic hourly rate. Moreover, medication and tests will be charged separately.

You can pay when receiving the service or charge it to your shipboard spending account. Either way, you’ll receive a receipt that you can submit to your health insurance provider for possible reimbursement.

Key Takeaways

It’s encouraging to know that cruise ships do have doctors on staff, and they are available to help passengers with any medical needs that may arise.

Cruise ships are a great way to see the world, and with the right precautions, you can stay healthy while enjoying your trip.

Want to get tested before your next adventure? No matter where you are, or what type of test you need, find COVID-19 testing locations near you with our international directory.

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Health and Safety – Frequently Asked Questions

If someone in my party gets sick, is there an onboard doctor or nurse?

The Health Center, located on Deck 1, Forward, is open during daily clinic hours to provide non-emergency medical care throughout your cruise. In the event of a medical emergency, a doctor and nurse are on call 24/7. Please note that medical personnel are employed by a company independent of Disney Cruise Line and standard prevailing fees are charged for all services.

Fees incurred at the Health Center will be charged to your stateroom account. Because onboard medical services are considered "care outside the United States," you will be responsible for paying any such charges prior to debarkation. The Health Center will provide you with the paperwork you’ll need to process any claim through your health insurance provider.

Learn more about services for Guests with medical conditions .

Did you find this answer helpful?

I'm a cruise-ship doctor. My schedule is intense but it's worth it to see the world — and I get to bring my wife and son along.

• Dr. Gergely Tóth wanted to pursue a career in medicine and work on cruises.
• During his shifts, which can last 24 hours, he has to be prepared for any crisis.
• Tóth said he loves the job because he can travel the world with his family while earning a living.

This as-told-to essay is based on a transcribed conversation with Dr. Gergely Tóth, a cruise-ship doctor. The following has been edited for length and clarity.

As a medical student in Hungary in the early 2000s, I heard plenty of stories from young people who'd worked on cruises.

The adventures, experiences, and financial opportunities this lifestyle offered piqued my interest. But I knew I wanted to work there as a doctor.

I've always wanted to work on cruises

In August 2009, after working in a county hospital in Hungary for seven years, I became serious about working on cruises.

I'd just started as a resident medical officer at Nuffield Health Cheltenham Hospital in England, and every day I'd see pages of cruise-ship job ads in the paper.

Having more medical experience under my belt, I emailed three cruise companies enquiring about how to become a cruise doctor.

Two companies responded. One didn't have any opportunities at the time. Royal Caribbean International offered to have a 15-minute call where they assessed my language skills and work experience.

They also asked about the Hungarian healthcare system, as they were more familiar with the UK one. For this reason, having a UK medical license at the time helped my journey immensely. I'd paid a fee to swap my Hungarian license for a British one when I arrived in the UK.

Cruise-ship doctors need specific qualifications to practice

Requirements to become a cruise doctor include three years of emergency-room experience, some general-practitioner experience, and specific training, such as advanced cardiac life support, pediatric advanced life support, and advanced trauma life support, that need to be refreshed every two years.

Five weeks after my interview in London, I got accepted in February 2010. Seven months later, at 32, I was on my way to Miami for a one-week training before joining one of the Celebrity Cruises for six months, departing from San Francisco. The 1,800-passenger ship seemed huge when I first saw it. Since then I've worked on cruises three times that size.

Cruises have full medical teams and facilities

Depending on the size of the cruise, the medical team consists of five to nine people. On smaller ships, with up to 3,500 passengers and 1,500 staff, there are two doctors, three nurses, and sometimes a medical secretary. On larger cruises, with 6,500 passengers and 2,200 staff, there are three doctors, five nurses, and a secretary.

Related stories

The medical center is an onboard hospital, because we have to be prepared for everything.

We try to get people with serious conditions to land safely and on time, but sometimes it's not possible. On board, there are consultation rooms, a reception area, a waiting room, an ER, an ICU room, ward rooms, X-ray machines, laboratory equipment, and a pharmacy.

A cruise doctor's schedule is intense

Doctors usually work for four months and have two months off. Since my first contract, I've only been taking short contracts to fill any gaps in cruise schedules.

When another doctor can't board for any reason, I will replace them for between a week and three months. Sometimes they let me know about the opportunity months in advance; other times I'll get a call two days before I'm needed.

Six-month contracts were too long for me. My family can join me on the cruise for these short periods, and I don't miss out on big family celebrations in Hungary. I spend four to five months a year on cruises and the rest of my time in Hungary.

When I'm not sailing I work at Hungarian hospitals, but the good pay on the cruises means I can spend more time with my family in Hungary.

We work 24-hour shifts on the cruise ship

We do 24-hour shifts. Consultation hours are from 8 to 11 a.m. and 4 to 7 p.m. For the remaining time of the day, I'm on call.

There's a dedicated medical-emergency phone number for passengers and staff. The nurse will then decide whether it requires urgent attention or give them an appointment to come within office hours.

On large cruises, it means a daily 15 hours of work and nine hours of being on-call, then getting 24 hours off.

Since I've been a senior doctor for more than a decade now, I have a lot more responsibilities, which take up an additional six to eight hours of my days off. Submitting medical reports to countries and port authorities, checking medicine orders with the chief nurse, and ensuring medical devices work properly or determining if they need to be fixed or replaced are just some of the duties I undertake.

I try to get off the cruise and experience the ports

I'm not an anxious person, but I always try and get off the ship when I can, because it's very busy from the second I board the ship to the flight home.

I love to go on trips and explore new places with my family. It's important for us to see where and how the locals live in each destination. I love food and good coffee, and we have our favorite cafés and restaurants in different countries where the staff greet us like friends.

However, sometimes these outings are cut short due to emergency calls or constant emails. On my last six-week contract, I only managed to leave the ship three times.

People die on cruises, like everywhere else, and sometimes you know them

People do die on cruise ships, like anywhere — not just passengers but staff as well. And it isn't easy, especially when it's someone I know, because most people will need to see a doctor at some point on the ship.

Each cruise has a designated medical-operations manager available 24/7 based in the health center in Miami. While they can advise on how to handle a specific case, the small team on the boat has to deliver. We're a tight-knit group.

There's no place for arguments, rivalry, or hostilities when we're responsible for so many people's lives.

As a cruise-ship doctor, I have a good lifestyle

While my role is equally demanding and rewarding, what I love most about being a cruise doctor is the freedom it gives and that I get to travel the world with my family . If it wasn't for cruising, I wouldn't have this lifestyle both financially and timewise.

It also allows me to spend more time with my family in between contracts in Hungary, because I don't have to work two or three jobs anymore.

Watch: The rise and fall of the cruise industry

• Main content

Protect Your Trip »

Cruise packing list: the essentials chosen by experts.

This cruise packing list includes all of the essentials – plus items you didn't know you needed.

Essentials to Pack for a Cruise

Packing for any trip takes some planning, but cruise vacations present a unique challenge – particularly due to limited stateroom storage space and sparse (or overpriced) options for purchasing accidentally forgotten items.

To help you decide what to pack for a cruise, we've curated a list of essentials recommended by cruise experts who regularly sail the high seas. Download the U.S. News Cruise Packing List pictured above to reference while you pack, and read on to learn more about the recommended items and where you can purchase them if needed.

• For packing and planning
• For travel and embarkation day
• For the cabin
• For the ship and shore excursions

Find your perfect cruise

Carry-on bag

Regardless of whether you bring checked luggage, you'll need some type of carry-on bag . Since checked bags need to go through security as they do at airports – and because you may need to wait for your stateroom to be ready, just like at a hotel – you'll want to be able to access any necessities pre-cruise. These might include a swimsuit, sunscreen, sunglasses and a hat for the pools; medications; a bottle of water; and your smartphone, of course. You'll also want to keep your credit card , passport, and any other important documentation or valuables close by. A carry-on backpack works especially well since it can double as a day bag for shore excursions.

Checked bag

While you'll likely want to bring a checked bag, consider sharing one with your ship mate(s) to maximize stateroom storage space. Or, consider bringing medium-sized luggage, such as the The Medium by Away , for checking in.

Read: The Best Checked Luggage Options

Garment bag

Courtesy of Halfday

While many cruises are less formal these days, a garment bag can still be handy for keeping select garments wrinkle-free (since clothing irons are prohibited on cruise ships). Top-rated options include the The Garment Duffel by Halfday and the Briggs and Riley Baseline 22" Carry-On 2-Wheel Garment Bag , both of which double as traditional luggage. If you pack your luggage right, you can make this your only suitcase, in addition to a carry-on bag.

Packing cubes or vacuum-sealed bags

Packing cubes are one of the best ways to organize your belongings for travel – especially in a tight cruise ship cabin. Top-rated options include the Veken packing cubes on Amazon (usually priced around $20) and all of the Pack-It Sets by Eagle Creek. The Pack-It Starter Set is especially ideal for cruising since it includes a garment folder designed to minimize wrinkles in clothing. Some cruisers also swear by vacuum-sealed bags , even though they can be a bit more tedious to pack.

Carry-on caddy

Ashley Kosciolek, senior cruise writer at The Points Guy, recommends a carry-on caddy , particularly if you're flying to your embarkation point. "I have a fabric sleeve that slides down over the telescoping handle on my carry-on to provide pockets for my passport, phone, coffee – all the things I used to have to juggle during check-in."

Digital luggage scale

The compact Etekcity scale – approximately $10 on Amazon – can weigh bags up to 110 pounds and help you avoid overweight baggage fees.

Bungee cord

"Especially for travelling with the family, I use a bright-green bungee cord to strap multiple pieces of luggage together," says Aaron Saunders, senior editor at Cruise Critic. "It's a lifesaver when boarding trains or disembarking ships, particularly when you ' re maneuvering a stroller and a little one around, too."

Luggage tracker

Courtesy of Apple

A luggage tracker isn't just useful for air travel. Attach one to your checked cruise luggage to see when it has arrived in your stateroom (or if it's stalled at security). Chris Gray Faust, executive editor at Cruise Critic, doesn't go anywhere without her Apple AirTag after her luggage got stuck in Vancouver for over a week last June. "My AirTag use has expanded beyond my checked luggage, too. I also have AirTags in my handbag, my carry-on, my keychain and my wallet."

Cruise insurance

Due to the unpredictable nature of travel, cruise insurance can be a wise purchase ahead of your voyage. Travel policies can cover unforeseen expenses such as trip interruptions and medical emergencies.

While a passport is often required for cruising, rules can vary depending where you're traveling. Determine whether you need a passport for your upcoming cruise ; if you do, triple-check that you have it packed the day of departure.

Credit cards and local currency

When cruising internationally, consider getting small amounts of each country's currency to have on hand in port. Depending where you go, some local markets may only accept their own country's currency, not U.S. dollars or credit cards. It's also nice to leave cash gratuities for cab drivers, tour guides or servers; in the European Union, 1- and 2-euro coins are convenient and appropriate tips. In ports with vendors that do accept credit cards, be sure to carry a Visa or Mastercard , as some shops and restaurants do not take American Express .

RFID wallet

It's important to protect your travel documents with an RFID wallet like the TIGARI Passport Holder or the ZOPPEN RFID Travel Passport Wallet , the latter of which can hold multiple passports for a family. "Thieves and hackers can steal your credit card information just by using skimming devices," explains Jill Schildhouse, a cruise expert and U.S. News contributor who always travels with her RFID wallet. "And because your wallet wasn't even touched, you won't know it happened until you see your credit card statement."

Medications

Pack more than enough of your prescription medications as well as any over-the-counter medicines you'll need, just in case you encounter an itinerary change or travel delay. While some travelers find it easiest to bring personal medicines in their prescription bottles, others find travel pill boxes to be especially helpful for organization. The Sukuos Weekly Pill Organizer is a well-rated option, with detachable boxes for each day as well as compartments for morning and evening medications.

Sheet masks

Since flying can be so drying for the skin, Faust likes to use sheet masks. "My first step the night before I board (because you should always fly in a day early) is to hydrate with a sheet mask (usually from a Korean brand like Ballon Blanc or FaceTory )," she says. "If I'm meeting up with a friend, I bring an extra sheet mask so our trip starts out feeling a bit like a spa day!"

Magnetic hooks

A surprising fact: Cruise ship cabin walls are made of metal, which means you can optimize your storage space by hanging some of your belongings on magnetic wall hooks. The hooks are perfect for holding bulky coats or boots if you're traveling to a colder climate. You can also use them for wet gear on expedition ships and adventure cruises, or for drying out bathing suits after days at the beach or pool. Purchase a set of magnetic hooks for less than $10 on Amazon .

Like hotels, cruise ships can only provide so many hangers. Bring a few extras from home or pick up a pack from your local dollar store. You might also try packable hangers .

Wrinkle release spray

Whether or not you bring a garment bag, a travel-size bottle of wrinkle release spray, such as Downy Wrinkle Releaser spray , is useful to have on board. If you combine a spritz or two with the steam from your shower, you should be able to smooth out some of the wrinkles in your clothing.

Laundry detergent

"If you don't want to pay for laundry service or spend precious time in the self-service laundry room, bring a small bottle of laundry detergent like Woolite to wash key items in the sink: underwear, bras, quick-dry hiking shorts, bathing suits, etc.," recommends Schildhouse. "Every cruise ship shower has a retractable clothesline you can extend to drape the clothes over while they dry. This can also help cut down on the number of items you need to pack."

Over-the-door organizers

Over-the-door organizers with clear or mesh pockets allow you to find your feminine hygiene products, makeup, jewelry and other small items quickly – without having to hunt through multiple drawers or a tight stateroom closet. It's a good idea to purchase a two-pack like this option by Simple Houseware Store (available on Amazon), since you can also use one to store shoes and maximize floor space.

Courtesy of Poo-Pourri

It goes without saying, but to say it anyway: A toilet spray like Poo-Pourri is a must for your cruise packing list. Any smell – pleasant or not – will travel quickly in small staterooms with small bathrooms. Buy a travel-size bottle to keep in your cabin.

Shampoo and conditioner

Cruise experts agree it's best to bring your own shampoo and conditioner in travel-size bottles, as most cruise ships don't provide separate shampoo and conditioner anymore; instead, they offer all-in-one dispensers. Colleen McDaniel, editor-in-chief at Cruise Critic, likes to pack her shampoo and conditioner in the popular Cadence Capsules , noting she also uses them for another essential: sunscreen. "These capsules are easy to fill, never leak and have clear labels, which you can customize," she says.

Wine or Champagne

Most major cruise lines allow each guest to bring one to two bottles of wine or Champagne on board, while some luxury cruise lines allow even more than that. Disney Cruise Line also gives guests the option to bring a six-pack of beer instead of wine or Champagne. Be sure to consult your cruise line's policies when packing for your trip.

If you plan to bring wine or Champagne, you'll likely need a corkscrew . While some cruise lines may prohibit corkscrews, others allow them onboard; check your cruise line's policy before sailing. Bringing wine with a twistable cap may be a good alternative.

Portable humidifier

Cruise ship cabins can feel dry – especially in the colder months. A portable humidifier like the GENIANI Erie (around $25 on Amazon) can provide some relief. At about half a pound, this USB-powered device will fit neatly into your checked bag or carry-on luggage. The travel humidifier features two mist settings and has an automatic shut-off option, plus a night light to help you see around your cabin in the dark.

International travel adapter or converter

You'll likely need a travel adapter, since cruise lines homeported in international locales may have different electrical sockets and voltage strengths than you're used to in the U.S.

McDaniel recommends the OneWorld65 Travel Adapter . "I've used a lot of different travel adapters over the years, but this is my favorite. It charges up to six devices at once, has USB and mini-USB options, and works in over 200 countries," she says. "While many cruise ships have U.S. outlets, most usually also have European outlets. This adapter lets me take advantage of that outlet I'd otherwise ignore." She also notes that while cruise lines are getting better about having more outlets on their ships, it never feels like enough to keep your phone, camera battery, tablet, watch, headphones/earbuds and laptop charged (times two or more if you're traveling with others).

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Sound machine

Cruise experts agree a sound machine can be helpful for blocking out the sound of late-night partiers returning to their staterooms (or your snoring spouse). Schildhouse likes the LectroFan Micro 2 for cruising. "It plays non-looping white noise and doubles as a speaker to play tunes while you get ready for dinner."

Tech organizer

Courtesy of Bagsmart

A tech organizer like the BAGSMART electronics organizer case – available on Amazon for about $20 – can store all your cables, plugs, SD cards and earphones in one zippered, compact bag that will fit easily in your carry-on luggage. Despite its small size, it can also hold bulkier items like a small laptop charging cord.

First-aid kit

A first-aid kit is a good thing to have on hand no matter where you go. You can make your own using supplies you already have at home, or buy a premade first-aid kit on Amazon for about $20. While all cruise ships have medical facilities, it's useful to have these items with you on shore excursions, especially those involving active adventures.

Hand sanitizer

Regularly washing your hands and/or using hand sanitizer is essential to staying healthy while traveling, especially on a cruise ship. Stock up on a few travel-size bottles of hand sanitizer (less than $2 each at Walmart) ahead of your trip. If you're looking for something with less alcohol that's also less drying, check out Babyganics Alcohol-Free Foaming Hand Sanitizer .

If you're a parent, you know that your infant or toddler needs a very specific size – and in some cases brand – of diapers, which may very well be unavailable to you on your cruise ship or in the ports of call. Bring more than enough diapers to play it safe at sea.

Most cruise lines also require that non-toilet-trained infants and toddlers wear swim diapers in the children's water play areas. For the sake of sanitation, kids must be toilet-trained to use the pools on cruise ships.

Many cruisers like to personalize their cabin with stateroom door decor. Not only is it a fun tradition, but decorating the door can make it easier to locate your room, too. You can find lots of fun decor ideas on Pinterest as well as Amazon.

" Duct tape is a life-saver in many situations," says Kosciolek. "I primarily use it to attach my printed luggage tags, but it's also great for mending clothing issues on the fly and fixing broken luggage until you can get it back home."

"As a parent, I like to bring lanyards with sleeves so my kids can wear their keycards and not lose them," says Erica Silverstein, senior cruise editor at The Points Guy. "We hang them on the magnetic hooks I put on the wall, so they don't get lost in the cabin either."

Courtesy of Sea-Bands

If you're prone to (or think you may be prone to) motion sickness on cruise ships, put a pair of Sea-Bands on your cruise packing list. These soft wristbands use acupressure to prevent and minimize nausea and vomiting on board, and they are a reusable, drug-free alternative to traditional anti-nausea medications. You can purchase Sea-Bands on Amazon or at most drugstores.

If you need something a bit stronger than Sea-Bands (or to use in conjunction with them), Dramamine remains a tried-and-true solution for both preventing and treating sea sickness. Choose the Less Drowsy formula to avoid getting sleepy, and consider the chewable tablets (dye-free) if traveling with kids who are prone to queasiness. Many travelers like Bonine as a remedy for sea sickness as well.

Mix-and-match clothing

Pack a variety of mix-and-match items, also known as a capsule wardrobe, for your cruise. To do this, choose a base color – black or navy blue – for your wardrobe. Next, pack plain, neutral-colored items, then add a few patterned items to the mix. Remember to include a variety of styles (T-shirts, long-sleeved shirts, pants, shorts, dresses, rompers and jumpsuits) and also consider reversible clothing and outfits that can easily transition from day to night.

Sports jacket or blazer

Adam Coulter, executive editor of Cruise Critic UK & Australia, recommends packing a sports jacket or blazer. "While cruise lines are getting more casual, what happens if you get that last-minute invite to meet the captain, or there's a meet and mingle where you want to look put together? A jacket will always elevate your elegance (even if you're wearing a T-shirt underneath)," he says. If you're in need of a travel blazer, Bluffworks has some well-rated options; the Gramercy , in particular, gets great reviews.

Themed party attire

Some cruise lines host themed voyages or parties on select nights where passengers can dress up to participate in the fun. You'll want to review your cruise itinerary before you go so you're prepared for the festivities. Bring your buccaneer gear if you're sailing aboard Disney Cruise Line; ships host fun events like Pirate Nights, pirate-themed dinners and a "Pirates in the Caribbean" show. On "The Love Boat"-themed cruises offered by Princess Cruises , pack your platform boots, glittery dresses, bell-bottom pants and halter tops for the line's 1970s-inspired disco party on the deck. No matter the theme, you can't go wrong with a couple of captain hats .

Travel wrap

A travel wrap is a versatile accessory that's useful for any trip – even more so on a cruise ship where it can get chilly when the sea breeze picks up. Available in nearly 10 different colors, J.Crew's Oversized Cashmere Wrap is a timeless staple, albeit a bit of an investment; for something less expensive but well rated, try this off-brand pashmina shawl on Amazon .

Packable jacket

Courtesy of Patagonia

If you're cruising to a cold weather destination such as Alaska, you'll need something heavier than a travel wrap, but not so bulky that it requires additional luggage. Consider a packable jacket that folds easily and compactly; travel experts highly recommend the Patagonia Nano Puff Jacket .

Packable hat

If you're headed to the Caribbean or another warm weather destination, you'll want a beach hat to protect your scalp and face from the sun. This packable straw hat by FURTALK (available on Amazon for about $25) is a stylish women's option that features a broader brim and offers UPF 50 sun protection.

Comfortable walking shoes

Courtesy of Allbirds

Even if you never step foot off the ship, there is still plenty of walking to do between bow and stern. Closed-toe shoes or sandals with straps are safer than flimsy flip-flops when boarding a slippery tender into port (if your ship can't dock directly). Check out our recommendations for the most comfortable walking shoes , which include the popular Allbirds Wool Runners and the ECCO Yucatan Sandals .

Water shoes

Depending on your scheduled shore excursions, you might also need a pair of water shoes. For something that's both functional and fashionable, Crocs' Classic Clogs are a good option. While not totally waterproof, the Native Jefferson is a water-friendly, versatile option.

Versatile heels

"Over the years, I've learned that the key to avoiding overpacking is to bring one neutral pair of low heels that match every single eveningwear outfit I've packed – from flowy pants to dresses," says Schildhouse, who loves her Rockport Tabitha 2-Strap Heeled Sandals . "They have a cushioned footbed and shock-absorbing heel so you can dance the night away in the club, and a 3-inch block heel with traction to keep you steady on your feet even if the ship's rocking a bit."

Reusable water bottle

A reusable water bottle is useful for filling up at water and beverage stations on your cruise ship; it's also a necessity for shore excursions.

Bathing suit

Pack a couple of swimsuits for the pools, hot tubs and any shore excursions.

Swim cover-up

Another must-have for your cruise packing list is a swimsuit cover-up or two. These are great for wearing over your bathing suit during days at sea, as well as on excursions – especially if you're going on a Caribbean cruise . Amazon sells a variety of stylish, affordable cover-ups, and you can never go wrong with a classic white button-down shirt .

Dry bags are useful for shore excursions where you're likely to get wet but don't want the same to be true for your phone, camera and other precious items. "I use the Outdoor Research Unisex Dry Isolation Pack   and have never had so much as a drop of moisture enter it, which is important for me – it keeps my cameras, documents and important items from getting wet," says Saunders, adding that it functions as a great everyday backpack when it's not raining.

If you need more than one dry bag, cruise expert Brittany Chrusciel recommends the Sea to Summit Lightweight Dry Bag Set . "Having these dry bags, in a variety of sizes, means I can bring all my gear along during a Zodiac cruise or snorkeling excursion without having to worry about it getting wet."

Waterproof phone case

A waterproof phone case is also essential, especially if you plan to take photos. The Hiearcool Waterproof Phone Pouches (available in a two-pack) come with a lanyard so you can both protect your phone and wear it around your neck. They are compatible with most smartphones.

"I like to bring collapsible pails, small shovels , inflatable beach toys, a floppy Frisbee or other things to entertain the kids on the beach if we're going to a private island or beach destination," says Silverstein. "If you can inflate your own inner tube, you don't need to rent a floating mat."

Beach towel

"Although cruise lines provide guests with towels to take off the ship on excursions, they are often bulky and sometimes small," explains Chrusciel. "The Surfer Towel folds up to nearly nothing, so it takes up almost no room in your suitcase and is super convenient to pack in a day bag. What's more, its quick-drying technology means that the lightweight fabric won't be soaking wet when you need to pack up for the day and head back to the ship."

Towel clips

"Even though giant plastic towel clips shaped like a flamingo are a bit cringey, they make it easy to find your spot in a sea of sun loungers," says Chrusciel. "They also solve a common cruise problem: keeping your towel securely fixed to your chair while reading or sunbathing."

Reef-safe sunscreen

Courtesy of Badger

When choosing a sunscreen, look for something that's reef-safe; not only are these sunscreens safer for the environment, but they're also better for you . The active ingredients in reef-safe sunscreens, also known as mineral sunscreens, are zinc oxide, titanium dioxide or a combination of both. Top-rated mineral sunscreen brands include Think , Badger and Raw Elements , all of which also sell lip balm with sunscreen (another essential at sea).

After-sun lotion

You'll want an extra dose of moisturizer if you've been basking in the sun. COOLA makes an after-sun body lotion that cools and hydrates the skin with aloe vera, agave and lavender oil. Previous buyers rave about this lotion, noting they appreciate that the scent isn't overpowering.

A good book

Sea days are the perfect time to kick back and relax with a book you've been meaning to read. Find an oceanfront lounge chair in a shaded area on the pool deck, or grab a cup of tea and settle into a quiet nook indoors. There's no need to pack more than one book, however, as many cruise ships have libraries.

What not to pack for a cruise

Power strip.

Many cruise lines do not permit power strips as they present a fire hazard, while others allow them as long as they are non-surge-protected. Instead of a power strip, purchase a portable charger such as this highly rated one by Anker , which can power up multiple devices at once. This can be especially useful for shore excursions. When packing for your cruise, also think about your luggage: If it has an included charging port, you may not even need to purchase an additional charging block.

Weapons and restraints

Firearms, handcuffs and the like are not permitted on cruise ships. This rule also includes toy guns on most cruise lines.

While most major cruise lines allow guests to pack a limited amount of wine or Champagne per person, they do not permit hard liquor. Of course, those of age can purchase cocktails at any of the bars on board.

Household appliances

Irons and steamers are not permitted on cruise ships, which is why the aforementioned garment bags, wrinkle release spray and packing cubes are recommended for keeping clothing tidy and neat. Coffee makers and mug warmers are also prohibited.

While you can technically bring you own, it's not necessary as hairdryers are available in every bathroom on most ships.

CBD and marijuana

CBD that's derived from hemp and contains 0.3% THC or less is legal at a federal level. However, each state interprets and enforces this law differently; for example, many states require a prescription for it. Due to the ambiguity of the laws, most cruise lines continue to ban CBD in any form.

Marijuana remains illegal under U.S. federal law, which means you cannot bring it on a cruise ship – even if you're legally able to purchase it in your home state for recreational or medical use.

Why Trust U.S. News Travel

For the U.S. News Cruise Packing List, travel writers Gwen Pratesi and Amanda Norcross tapped leading industry experts for their cruise essentials. They regularly update this checklist with new and useful items to pack.

You might also be interested in:

• The Best Cruise Lines
• The Best Adults-Only Cruises
• The Best All-Inclusive Cruises

Vacation Ideas for Every Traveler

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• # 1 South Island, New Zealand
• # 4 Bora Bora

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What are cruise ship pilots, and what do they do?

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If you’ve sailed on a cruise ship of any size, you’ve probably seen pilot boats pull alongside the vessel, and you might have watched curiously as one or two people climbed onto the ship via a rope ladder. Have you ever wondered who these people are and what they do once they’re on board?

They are marine or ship pilots, experts on the waterways and ports you are entering or leaving. They come aboard to safely guide your cruise ship into and out of the harbor.

For cruise news, reviews and tips, sign up for TPG’s cruise newsletter .

To learn more, TPG chatted with two experts in the industry. Clayton L. “Clay” Diamond is the executive director-general counsel of the American Pilots’ Association, whose pilots are responsible for handling over 90% of the larger ocean vessels (cruise ships and cargo vessels) in international waters. We also spoke with Edouard Petitson, Norwegian Cruise Line’s port captain director. Based at Norwegian’s Miami headquarters, Petitson is responsible for many port-related matters, including pilotage.

Diamond and Petitson gave us the inside scoop on what happens once a cruise ship pilot is on board and how they interact with the captain and crew to help them safely navigate the ship into or out of port.

What does a cruise ship pilot do?

In ports in the U.S. and around the world, a pilot boards the ship 10 to 20 miles offshore via a pilot boat, which can be anywhere from 65 to 100 feet long. While on board, the pilot gives orders to the captain or helmsman regarding the best way to steer the ship to navigate the offshore channels and waterways until the cruise ship docks.

Marine pilots also pilot vessels from the dock to a “pilot boarding area,” where they transfer to the pilot boat. The pilotage can be as short as two to three hours or as long as eight to 10 hours.

Alaska has a different situation since cruise ships sail so close to the shoreline and icebergs during nearly all their transit. Vessels sailing in these waters will typically be under pilotage the entire time by using two pilots. This type of piloting arrangement is typical in places like Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve .

What qualifies a pilot over the ship’s captain to direct a ship into port?

“Marine pilots are the most highly trained mariners in the world,” says Diamond.

After many years of working in the maritime industry as a pilot apprentice and training in the waterways where they work, they are experts in their ports. Ship pilots must be able to chart the pilotage ground from memory, including the channel, landmarks, docks, buoys and any hazards to navigation.

“A pilot also has comprehensive knowledge of the local environments such as the hydrographic, wind and currents and tidal conditions,” Petitson adds.

Ship captains who sail into different ports around the world do not have the comprehensive knowledge and training that marine pilots do in one specific port. Essentially, marine pilots are maritime specialists in their port of expertise.

Related: How is cruise ship speed measured, and how fast is a knot in miles per hour?

Does every port have a pilot?

There are only a handful of ports in the world where pilotage isn’t mandatory. In Miami and all U.S. ports, pilotage is compulsory and provided by local pilots for all inbound and outbound ships.

A state regulatory board oversees the number of pilots needed in each port. The board determines the number based on the port’s shipping and cruise traffic. The goal is to have enough pilots working to avoid delays.

What happens in foreign ports? Do all pilots have to speak English?

All pilots around the world are required to speak English.

“In certain destinations where English is not the primary language,” Petitson explains, “the pilot can communicate in their native language with other ships in the channel, traffic control and other pilots to eliminate possible misunderstanding, especially in an emergency situation.”

Related: Boat vs. ship: What’s the difference? The annoying mistake some cruisers keep making

If the pilot and captain disagree, who has the final say?

The captain is always in charge of the vessel and the safety of the crew and passengers as the cruise ship is navigated into or out of port. If a disagreement arises, the captain will take over navigation until the situation is resolved.

Is the job dangerous?

If you’ve watched videos of pilots boarding ships by ladder, or have seen them jump from a moving ship to a pilot boat alongside, you’ve probably wondered how safe the process is.

Diamond tells us that the ladder has been deemed the safest way to board and disembark ships. The American Pilots’ Association focuses on safety and routinely works with the U.S. Coast Guard and the International Maritime Organization to improve and enhance the regulations for the ladders and pilot transfers. However, eight marine pilots have been killed since 2006.

Related: Are cruises safe? Here’s what you need to know about cruise ship security and safety

How do you become a cruise ship pilot?

Individuals interested in becoming a ship pilot, or a pilot candidate, typically attend the United States Merchant Marine Academy in Kings Point, New York, or one of the six state maritime academies in the U.S. After completing the program, a pilot candidate will spend anywhere from eight to 14 years on ships to gain firsthand experience at sea.

Once they have earned their master’s credential, they can “master” a ship or become a captain. It’s usually during this time when a candidate enters a pilot apprenticeship program, which can take up to seven years to complete. Becoming fully licensed, where an individual can pilot the world’s largest ships, can take an additional four to five years.

Are there many female marine pilots?

No. The number of female pilots with an unlimited tonnage master’s credential is .01% overall. The number of female pilots in the APA is 4%-5%. Diamond tells us that the number is considerably better than what you’ll find in most other countries, but the APA would like it to be higher.

Bottom line

When you see that small pilot boat pull next to one of those giant cruise ships, you now know that the person coming on board to guide that ship safely into port has spent decades in education and training — and most of their career has been spent learning to expertly navigate one specific port. You can feel safer knowing that your captain can rely on a local expert to help guide the ship into or out of port.

Planning a cruise? Start with these stories:

• The 5 most desirable cabin locations on any cruise ship
• A beginners guide to picking a cruise line
• The 8 worst cabin locations on any cruise ship
• The ultimate guide to what to pack for a cruise
• A quick guide to the most popular cruise lines
• 21 tips and tricks that will make your cruise go smoothly
• 15 ways cruisers waste money
• The ultimate guide to choosing a cruise ship cabin

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Editorial Disclaimer: Opinions expressed here are the author’s alone, not those of any bank, credit card issuer, airlines or hotel chain, and have not been reviewed, approved or otherwise endorsed by any of these entities.

Everything you can ask your cruise ship butler to do, from the sublime to the ridiculous

My husband and I were on board a luxury river ship in Europe trying to open a fancy bottle of French wine we had purchased on shore — we were struggling with the corkscrew.

I'd had this issue once before in a hotel, and the result was red wine splashed around the room. Fearing a repeat, I called for our butler, who arrived promptly, opened the bottle with ease and then went off to find a cheese he said would pair perfectly with the wine.

Cruise ship butlers are trained to pamper, after all, and that means no request is too ridiculous.

If you book a suite with butler service, this person can be a trusted adviser. He or she will serve up surprises, offer tips to make your cruise even more enjoyable and handle requests with aplomb.

What does it take to be a butler?

First, get the "Downton Abbey" image out of your head. Butlers are not necessarily British or male. They come from around the world, including India, the Philippines, Indonesia, Eastern Europe and Italy. That said, some are trained in the English style of butler service.

For instance, on Regent Seven Seas Cruises and Oceania Cruises ships, butlers are trained by the Guild of Professional English Butlers.

Your butler will likely have studied wine presentation (right down to where to place the Champagne bucket) and learned how to interact with guests. The training includes both classroom instruction and role-playing.

A cruise ship butler once told me the necessary skills are humor, being super organized, having enough confidence to offer advice and being able to intuit guest needs. Your butler will study your habits and think ahead on ways to please.

Which cruise ships have butler service?

At ultra-luxury line Silversea Cruises , every guest stays in a suite with butler service. Other lines with butlers for top suites include Celebrity Cruises , Cunard , Norwegian Cruise Line , MSC Cruises , Azamara Cruises , Oceania and Regent Seven Seas Cruises, as well as river line Uniworld Boutique River Cruises.

For those staying in Star Class suites on select Royal Caribbean ships, the butler role is fulfilled by a Royal Genie, as in, "Your wish is my command."

Whether you have a butler or a genie, the idea is the same.

Related: 7 reasons you should splurge for a suite on your next cruise

What can my butler do for me?

If you're wondering what your butler can do for you, you're not alone. After all, very few guests in cruise ship suites have a butler at home. Here are a few ways to take advantage of butler service on your next cruise.

Unpack luggage

Your butler won't force any services on you. But if you want your clothes neatly tucked away, your shoes shined, wrinkles removed from your ballgown, your laundry whisked away or even a button replaced, these are some of the services your butler is available to perform.

If you forgot to pack your dress shoes, your zipper breaks (or you can't reach the zipper on the back of your dress), your mascara is too gooey or you just need advice on what to wear on a particular night on the ship, call your butler.

Your butler will also be available to help you pack up at the end of your cruise.

Serve breakfast in bed

Want your butler to bring you breakfast in bed? All you need to do is ask. You can also order other meals in your cabin.

If you do dinner in your suite, your butler will likely bring you the dining room menu so you can make your meal choices, and your selections will be delivered course by course, so nothing is tepid (unless it's supposed to be).

Once, after a long day ashore, my husband and I just wanted a hamburger and fries for a quiet in-room movie date night. Our butler arranged everything and suggested we order brownies for dessert. He delivered our burgers on a silver tray.

Your butler can also bring you afternoon canapes to go with your cocktails, which he or she can prepare — in addition to keeping your minibar stocked with your favorite beverages. You can also request afternoon tea or a cappuccino whenever you like.

Want popcorn while you watch a movie, have a caviar craving or need a midnight snack? Call the butler.

You can also ask your butler for service outside your suite. For instance, on a cruise on Silver Origin in the Galapagos, a pal and I watched the sunset in a hot tub while our butler served us chilled sparkling wine.

Related: Cruise ship room service: A line-by-line guide to in-cabin dining

Book reservations and shore excursions

Your butler's focus is great service, and he or she may enlist other crew members to help fulfill your requests. Depending on the ship, your butler might help you arrange dinner times, spa treatments and even shore excursions — or refer you to a concierge who can help make reservations.

It's my experience that butlers really know the best things on the ships and often in the ports as well. For instance, if you have questions about whether the seafood lunch buffet is worth attending, ask your butler. If you want to dine in port and aren't sure where, ask your butler that question, too.

Rearrange your cabin furniture

You might have heard your butler can have your furniture rearranged — and it's true.

For instance, if you're not a fan of decorative pillows, you can ask the butler to have them removed. You could also request a chair or have lamps added to your cabin.

One regular guest in Cunard's Queens Grill suites asks for an extra dresser for storage, has the couch moved and the chairs turned around, and, since she prefers showers, has a wall-to-wall rod hung above the tub so she has extra space for hanging clothes.

Host a party

Want to throw a little party? Butlers can help you entertain guests. For example, on my Silver Origin cruise, one guest wanted to have friends over to her suite before dinner. Her butler removed furniture to make space, added extra chairs and supplied several bottles of sparkling wine and four kinds of empanadas.

When my husband and I decided to throw a cocktail party on our Asia honeymoon cruise, the butler went all-out arranging nibbles, from nuts and cheese to cold shrimp and crab.

If your suite has a large enough dining table, you can also have your butler arrange a dinner party.

On all-inclusive ships, there is typically no extra charge for these extravagances, and that might be the case on other ships as well, as cruise lines often want to pamper their big-spending passengers in the fanciest suites.

Your butler can also help you celebrate a special occasion. Butlers will have experience preparing celebrations ranging from birthdays and anniversaries to marriage proposals. They can help you come up with over-the-top ideas, whether that means filling a room with roses or balloons or arranging a secret spot for you to get down on one knee.

Be ship guides (but not dance partners)

Your butler might offer you a tour to help familiarize you with the ship. Some lines, such as Celebrity Cruises, have the butler meet you at the pier and escort you on board.

The butler will also be available to lend an arm as you head to dinner, an activity, a cocktail hour or a show but will not stay and sit with you. If you want a dance partner, you'll need to rely on your ship's dance hosts .

What won't a butler do?

Your butler won't make your bed or clean your cabin. Your room steward will do that.

Butlers also don't babysit or provide any nursing services. If you need that, you'll have to bring your own assistant.

Can I call my butler at any hour?

Cruise ship butler service is available every hour of every day. That said, when your butler is on a break, his or her colleagues will handle your requests.

Your butler will carry either a telephone or pager. However, it's important to remember when making requests that your butler is not yours alone. Cruise ship butlers typically cover the needs of 12 to 16 suites, meaning 24 or more guests per cruise.

Should I tip my butler?

The decision to tip your butler is very personal. I tend to leave a cash tip at the end of the cruise, along with a thank you note.

It's important to note that not all daily service charges include butler gratuities. Check with your cruise line for information on whether they will receive a portion of the daily tips which will be added automatically to your onboard bill.

On all-inclusive ships with gratuities included in the cruise fare, I still leave a thank-you tip.

Related: 13 best all-inclusive cruise lines

Bottom line

When you're on a cruise and have access to a butler, the opportunities for moments of surprise and delight are boundless — and butlers will tell you that's what makes their job truly enjoyable. One Uniworld butler, for example, had a particular trick up his sleeve: He'd surprise guests by sabering a Champagne bottle.

My favorite surprise was on a Silversea ship when my husband and I returned from a desert excursion in Wadi Rum, Jordan. Our butler, with assistance from our cabin steward, had prepared a bubble bath complete with floating flowers. There must have been some radioing ahead as the water was perfectly hot and the bubbles perfectly frothy when we entered our cabin.

Also, on a Regent Seven Seas sailing, one butler went all-out for a couple celebrating their golden anniversary by shooting a video with family members on board and having friends send in clips online, too. The couple's favorite songs were added as background music. When they returned to their suite on their anniversary, they found balloons and a banner, a cake, Champagne and the video ready to play on their TV.

According to the butler, the guests responded with happy tears.

Whether you want help with something as simple as getting acquainted with the ship or as elaborate as throwing an unforgettable soiree, butler service on a cruise ship can be a sublime experience. In fact, the most frequent request butlers say they hear from guests is, "Can you come home with me?"

Planning a cruise? Start with these stories:

• The 5 most desirable cabin locations on any cruise ship
• A beginners guide to picking a cruise line
• The 8 worst cabin locations on any cruise ship
• A quick guide to the most popular cruise lines
• 21 tips and tricks that will make your cruise go smoothly
• 15 ways cruisers waste money
• 15 best cruises for people who never want to grow up
• The ultimate guide to what to pack for a cruise