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Liquids Rule

You are allowed to bring a quart-sized bag of liquids, aerosols, gels, creams and pastes in your carry-on bag and through the checkpoint. These are limited to travel-sized containers that are 3.4 ounces (100 milliliters) or less per item. Placing these items in the small bag and separating from your carry-on baggage facilitates the screening process. Pack items that are in containers larger than 3.4 ounces or 100 milliliters in checked baggage.

Any liquid, aerosol, gel, cream or paste that alarms during screening will require additional screening.

• Medications
• Infant and child nourishments

Inbound International Flights

You may carry duty free liquids in secure, tamper–evident bags, more than 3.4 oz or 100 ml in your carry-on bag if:

• The duty free liquids were purchased internationally and you are traveling to the United States with a connecting flight.
• The liquids are packed in a transparent, secure, tamper-evident bag by the retailer and do not show signs of tampering when presented to TSA for screening.
• The original receipt for the liquids is present and the purchase was made within 48 hours.

The items inside the secure, tamper-evident bags must be screened and cleared. Any item that alarms or is unable to be screened will not be permitted in your carry-on bag. We recommend packing all liquids, gels, and aerosols that are over 3.4 oz or 100 ml in your checked baggage, even if they are in a secure, tamper-evident bag.

10 Full-Size Liquids You Can Actually Take Through Airport Security

By Rachel Chang

For the better part of two decades, we’ve limited the liquids we carry through airport security. The magic number settled upon was 3.4 ounces, or 100 milliliters, of liquid in a container—an amount that became an  international standard developed by explosives experts . 

As frequent travelers are well aware, bottles that are 3.4 ounces or less can be stashed into a single one-quart plastic bag, and each traveler is allowed one—in a rule that’s been dubbed the 3-1-1 liquids rule. Oversized liquids can still be packed, but need to go into checked-in baggage.

But as screening devices have become more savvy, there has been talk of those limits being eliminated, especially as a  recent report said the UK will scrap the rules by 2024. “The introduction of new technologies has played a significant role in how aviation security has evolved over the past 20 years, thanks to strong industry partnerships and TSA’s agility in adopting technology that enhances security and improves the passenger experience,” a TSA spokesperson says. While there’s no timeline in place yet, the agency “anticipates the limit on liquids will be lifted in the coming years.”

So in the short run, travelers still need to limit the fluids they pack in carry-ons. But, as with all rules, there are exceptions. “TSA requires additional screening to ensure the safety of these liquids,” the spokesperson says of the items. “Travelers in this group should notify security of their medically-necessary liquids.”

In general, those  exceptions need to pass a three-prong test . They need to be required during the duration of your flight or at your destination, they can’t be available at the airport in the area past security, and they can’t be available at the destination. But when it comes down to it, the  TSA says on its site , “The final decision rests with the TSA officer on whether an item is allowed through the checkpoint.”

Here are some of the most common exceptions of oversized liquids that can be taken through security. 

Prescription liquids, creams, and gels

Medication that has been prescribed specifically for you is perhaps the most common item that qualifies as an exception. TSA recommends that it’s clearly labeled so there's no question about what is inside. “You are responsible for displaying, handling, and repacking the medication when screening is required,” the agency’s site dictates. Depending on the situation, medication can either be screened visually or with an x-ray machine. It may also be tested for traces of explosives.

In some situations where the officers aren’t able to properly screen the item, you may be asked to open the container and transfer it to an empty container to test, or possibly dispose of a small quantity. 

In cases where you would like to make sure the medication isn’t opened or X-rayed, simply inform the TSA officer. “Additional steps will be taken to clear the liquid and you will undergo additional screening procedures to include a pat-down and screening of other carry-on property,” the site says.

Liquid medications and contact lens solution

In general,  liquid medications that are not prescriptions and  contact lens solutions are limited to 3.4 ounces, but TSA does allow “larger amounts of medically necessary liquids, gels, and aerosols in reasonable quantities for your trip,” with the caveat you must declare them to security officers first. 

Breast milk and infant formula

Passengers traveling with infants have enough to worry about on their flights—and being able to provide the little ones with the proper nourishment should not be one of those concerns. Technically, TSA categorizes  breast milk and  baby formula as “medically necessary liquids.” The child doesn’t need to be present for the exception. 

In order to expedite the process, TSA suggests—but doesn't require—that the liquids be transported in clear and translucent bottles, so that they can be screened by the Bottle Liquid Scanners. (Those in pouches may not be able to.) While there is a chance you may be asked to open them, nothing will ever be placed in the liquid. The agency also adds that the screening process shouldn't affect the formula, but if you prefer they not be x-rayed, alternative testing means can be taken.

Baby and toddler food and drinks

In addition to breast milk and formula, food and drinks for babies and toddlers are also allowed, including puree pouches. They also technically fall into the “medically necessary” category.  Water for babies is also allowed in “reasonable quantities.” 

Liquid teethers

TSA also recognizes how important teethers are to babies and has “ liquid-filled teethers ” specifically called out as an item that can be brought through the security check.

Ice, gel, and freezer packs and other accessories to medically necessary items

Ice, gel , and freezer packs that are required to keep other medically necessary items in their required cool state are also exceptions, no matter what state they are in (solid ice or liquid gel). Additionally, IV bags or other accessories to medical supplies are also allowed. 

Hand sanitizer 

In the age of the COVID-19 pandemic, one major allowance was added to the list— hand sanitizer . While they may be readily available beyond security check and at your destination, the hygiene item was added, especially for use on the plane, as some experts have said that extra precautions should be taken on airplanes and airports to prevent the spread of germs .

Until further notice, hand sanitizers of up to 12 ounces are allowed since “TSA understands that COVID-19 is at the forefront on the minds of travelers, as health officials are encouraging that individuals wash their hands frequently,” the  site says . 

Live fish in water

Assuming your  live fish in water needs more than 3.4 ounces of water, this is another exception to the rule, as long as they’re in a clear transparent containers and properly inspected by the TSA officer. 

Biological specimens 

Liquid exceptions can be made in the name of science.  Non-infectious specimens in preservative solution can be carried through if it’s for scientific research. But they’ll need to be very specifically packed.

There can be up to 30 milliliters of free liquid in a heat-sealed inner plastic bag and then no more than one liter in the outer packaging, which needs to be marked: "Scientific research specimens, 49 CFR 173.4b applies." (Specific instructions for the regulation are  here .)

Duty-free purchased items in officially sealed bags

Shopping at the airport? Those liquid souvenirs can be taken home as well, as long as they are properly sealed by the cashier in a  security tamper-evident bag (STEB). The system was “developed to allow an exemption" to liquid volume rules for items purchased at duty-free airport retailers or on board an aircraft, according to the  International Civil Aviation Organization . 

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Here's the 411 on the TSA's 3-1-1 liquids rule

We've all been there. Waiting in the Transportation Security Administration line only to hear agents call for a "bag check," often because a traveler had a liquid product in their carry-on that's over the allowed limit (or some sort of other prohibited item).

It's a process that can sure slow things down, particularly on the busiest travel days. As you pack for your trip and consider what to put in your carry-on or checked luggage, it's important to consider what the TSA's limits are for liquids and similar products.

Since September 2006, the TSA has gone by the 3-1-1 rule when it comes to those types of products, including items like toothpaste, shampoo, conditioner, mouthwash and lotion -- sunscreen included.

For more TPG news delivered each morning to your inbox, sign up for our daily newsletter .

In short, the 3-1-1 rule is: Each liquid you bring through the TSA checkpoint must be in a 3.4-ounce or smaller container ("3"), all containers must be placed inside one clear quart-size plastic bag ("1") and each passenger is only allowed one plastic bag ("1").

If you meet those requirements, you should get through security without issue. However, if your liquid items are larger than 3.4 ounces each, you'll have to leave them in your checked bag.

There are a few exceptions, though.

The TSA has kept in place a temporary pandemic exception to the rule, allowing up to 12 ounces of liquid hand sanitizer in carry-on baggage.

Part of this exception: The hand sanitizer will have to be screened separately since it's technically over the limit. You'll need to remove it from your bag before it goes through the scanner.

There are also exceptions for larger amounts of medically necessary liquids, gels and aerosols. You can bring those products in larger, "reasonable" quantities, the TSA's website says. However, you must declare those items to security officers at the checkpoint for inspection.

This could, obviously, take a little more time than if you're traveling without those items.

This exception doesn't include sunscreen, despite calls to relax sunscreen restrictions at TSA checkpoints. Like other liquid products, sunscreen bottles over 3.4 ounces must go in your checked luggage.

There are also many liquids you cannot bring with you .

You can bring creamy cheeses, liquid chocolate, liquid coffee, creamy dips and spreads, gravy, honey, hummus, ice cream, jam, jelly, juice, syrup, peanut butter, salad dressing, sauce, salsa, soda, soup and yogurt as long as they are in a container of less than 3.4 ounces according to the TSA .

Related: Should you get TSA PreCheck or Clear — or both?

And yes, you can bring your water bottle with you, even if it weighs more than 3.4 ounces — as long as it's empty. This can also be a great way to save money at the airport, since -- as the TSA points out -- many airports have filling stations for reusable water bottles.

When in doubt, consult the TSA's list of what you can carry through the airport and check with your airline.

Additional reporting by Clint Henderson and Sean Cudahy.

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The TSA Liquids Rule for Carry-on Bags (3.4 ounces)

Tsa 3-1-1 rule, exceptions to the tsa liquids rule, tsa liquids rule for precheck, does tsa consider makeup a liquid, converting 3.4 oz to ml – how many ml is 3.4 ounces, what does 3.4 oz (100 ml) look like, converting 100 ml to oz – how many oz are in 100 ml, 100 ml to cups, 100ml bottle size – how big is a 100ml bottle, wrapping up: tsa liquids policy, more carry-on content:.

Before you finish packing to head to the airport, always double-check your carry-on bags and make sure you don’t have any bottles or other items that don’t comply with the TSA liquids rule, (known as the 3-1-1 rule).   

By the time the TSA finds that expensive bottle of perfume or lotion in your bag, it’s too late and you’ll have to say goodbye and hand it over to get through security and board your plane on time.  It’s happened to my family many times and could easily have been avoided with a quick check before leaving.

To help make sure this doesn’t happen to you, we’ve created this article that will tell you everything you need to know about the TSA liquids rule, including how much liquid is 100 ml, what are travel-sized bottles, what is considered a liquid, etc. Basically, all the stuff that could get confiscated when making your way through airport security.

What’s the TSA Liquids Rule?

The TSA liquids rule states that you can bring a quart-sized bag of liquids, aerosols, creams, gels, and pastes in your carry-on bag and through the airport security checkpoint. However, you are limited to containers that are travel sized and contain less than 3.4 ounces (100 milliliters) per item.

Items that are in packages or bottles larger than 100 milliliters (or 3.4 ounces) will have to go in your checked luggage .  In addition to larger liquids, any liquid that is more than 3.4 oz or 100 ml and is not contained in a secure, tamper-proof bag must be packed in your checked luggage.

Each liquid must be in a 3.4-ounce or less container (“3”), all containers must be placed inside one clear quart-sized plastic bag (“1”), and each passenger is only allowed one plastic bag (“1”).

There are 2 exceptions to the TSA 3-1-1 Liquids Rule

• Medications, and
• Infant/Child nourishment

Medications larger than 100ml

TSA allows larger-sized packages of medical liquids, gels, and aerosols in your carry-on. This also includes medical accessories such as freezer bags, pumps, syringes, etc. These items do not have to be in a plastic zip lock bag, but you will have to declare these items to TSA officers at the checkpoint prior to inspection.

Here’s a video that provides all the details you need about traveling with medication.

Formula, Breast Milk, and Juice

Formula, breast milk, and juice for infants and toddlers are allowed through the security checkpoint. These can be in quantities greater than 3.4 ounces or 100 milliliters and are allowed in carry-on baggage.

Similar to medications, just inform the TSA officer of what you have and remove the items from your carry-on bag so they can be screened separately from the rest of your belongings.

Ice packs, freezer bags, frozen gel packs, and other accessories required to cool formula and breast milk are allowed in your carry-on bag.

The TSA PreCheck Program allows registered travelers the ability to go through expedited screening lines at over 200 participating U.S. airports with over 80 participating airlines. Once you are approved in the program you don’t need to remove your 3-1-1 liquids from your bag.

Actually, you can avoid removing any of the following items during the screening process:

• 3-1-1 compliant bag
• Light jacket/Sport coat/outerwear
• Laptop / iPad from bag

To apply for PreCheck, go to tsa.gov/precheck . From here you can enroll and make an appointment online or walk in at any one of over 380 enrollment centers . It can take up to 30 days to obtain a TSA PreCheck known traveler number.

What does TSA consider a liquid?

According to TSA guidelines, any substance that is free-flowing or viscous is considered a liquid. This includes liquids, aerosols, pastes, creams, and gels.

According to the TSA, “Makeup in a solid or powder form is allowed in carry-on and checked bags with no quantity or size limitations. However, when packed in carry-on bags, makeup in a liquid, lotion, gel, paste, or creamy form, must be in containers that are 3.4 ounces or less. You can take as many travel-sized liquids as you can comfortably fit into one quart-sized, zip-top bag.”

When it comes to makeup, the following are some examples of liquid cosmetics:

• Nail polish,
• Moisturizers,
• Foundation,
• Mascara, etc.

How much is 3.4 oz?

Now that you understand the basic concepts of the TSA liquid rule, it may help to have an idea of what constitutes 3.4 oz or 100 ml, since most people don’t naturally know how big a 3.4-ounce container or a 100 ml bottle is.

So if you’re wondering exactly how much is 3.4 oz or how big is a 100 ml bottle, we will walk through that for you here.

3.4 ounces (oz) converts to 96.388 milliliters (ml). For purposes of simplicity, the TSA rounds this up to 100 ml

Most of the toiletries you would bring on a trip come in travel-sized packages that can be bought at any drug store or grocery store. These travel-sized items are typically 3 ounces (90 ml) and generally provide enough lotion, shampoo, or toothpaste for a 5-day trip. If you’ll be traveling longer, you may need to stock up on a couple of extra bottles or plan on purchasing more upon arrival at your destination.

100 milliliters (ml) converts to 3.3814 ounces (oz). For purposes of simplicity, the TSA rounds this up to 100 ml

100 milliliters (ml) converts to .422675 cups, so it’s just under 1/2 cup.

A 100 ml bottle is fairly small. To give you a visual, look at the image below that shows a 500 ml water bottle vs. a 100 ml spray bottle. The 100 ml bottle is about 3 inches tall and the water bottle is about 8 inches tall.

Hopefully, this guide will give you a better idea of what the TSA considers a liquid and what size they will let you bring on your carry-on. Knowing this information in advance can save a lot of headaches at the airport!

• Spirit Airlines Carry-On Liquid Policy

Tim is a business road warrior and avid leisure traveler who has flown over two million miles in the air and spent well over a thousand nights in hotels. He enjoys sharing tips, tricks, and hacks to help readers get the most out of their travel experience and learn how to “travel like a pro”!

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Everything You Need to Know About the TSA’s Liquid Limit

The tsa allows liquids under 3.4 ounces in your carry-on—but what’s considered a “liquid” isn’t always obvious..

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Don’t forget to remove your liquids when going through TSA screening.

Photo by Jaromir Chalabala/Shutterstock

Whether you’re a carry-on-only kind of person or not , knowing the Transportation Security Administration’s (TSA) liquid limits is essential for anyone who travels by plane in the United States. Yet understanding which of your toiletries, foods, and other items even count as “liquid”—let alone how best to pack them—can get confusing. Use this guide to understand the TSA’s rules and restrictions about liquids, common exceptions, and tips to help ensure your next airport security screening goes smoothly.

What is the TSA liquid limit?

The TSA’s liquid limit for carry-ons—known as the 3-1-1 rule—allows travelers to pack liquids, aerosols, gels, creams, and pastes under 3.4 ounces (100 milliliters) in their carry-on bags. Passengers are allowed up to one quart-sized bag per person , or roughly nine 3.4-ounce containers in a single quart-sized bag. Anything more will have to go in a checked bag or risk being tossed out.

If your liquids are stored in containers larger than 3.4 ounces, even if there’s only 3.4 ounces left inside the bottle, you can’t bring them through security.

Completely empty bottles, such as your reusable water bottle , are allowed through the TSA checkpoint since (spoiler alert!) they don’t contain any liquids at that moment.

Which toiletries TSA allows in your carry-on

The TSA allows all of the following common toiletries in your carry-on only in containers that are 3.4 ounces or less:

• Shampoos and conditioners
• Lotions and sunscreen
• Gel hair products

In other words: yes, you can bring toothpaste, deodorant, and sunscreen through TSA checkpoints but only if they are in travel-sized containers.

Powders and powder-like substances, including baby powder and some makeup items, aren’t restricted in your carry-on bag. But if you’re carrying more than 12 ounces (350 milliliters) of a powder, you’ll need to place it in a separate bin for X-ray screening, and it may be subject to additional screening—so it’s a good idea to budget an extra few minutes at the security checkpoint if you think this might happen.

Tips for packing your toiletries in your carry-on

To comply with TSA regulations, invest in small, reusable toiletry bottles, like these capsules by Cadence.

Courtesy of Cadence

Especially if you don’t have TSA PreCheck , it’s helpful to pack all of your toiletries in a quart-sized (or smaller) clear plastic toiletry bag for screening. Although improved airport technology means that far fewer air passengers (both in PreCheck and non-PreCheck lines) will have to take their liquids out out of their carry-on, it’s still helpful to have all of your liquids in one bag just in case you get pulled aside for additional screening. For an upgrade from that large Ziplock, we recommend the standard-sized Clarity Jetset Case from Truffle ($88), which has a clear window panel and is comparable in size to a quart-sized bag.

Since toothpaste is considered a liquid, paste, or gel by the TSA, most of us toss those tiny one-ounce tubes in our carry-on bags. However, if you want to ditch the hard-to-recycle packaging, consider toothpaste tablets, an ecofriendly alternative that’s not subject to the 3-1-1 rule. We like Humankind’s fluoride toothpaste tablets ($12), which resemble small mints and turn to paste when you crush them between your teeth. Matador has also recently released a reusable toothpaste tube ($10), which you can fill (and refill) with your regular toothpaste.

For travel toiletries that are easy to rebottle (like shampoo or body wash), consider investing in reusable bottles or containers so you can always keep your preferred brand on hand. Some of our favorite TSA-approved toiletry bottles include:

Buy Now: GoToob three-pack of 3.4-ounce bottles, $30, rei.com

These easy-to-fill, leakproof silicone tubes are ideal for shampoos, conditioners, lotions, and body washes. GoToob’s line comes in a variety of sizes, ranging from 1.7 to 6 ounces, and are easy to clean between refills.

Matador FlatPack

Buy Now: $13 for one or $35 for three, matadorup.com

Each three-ounce, TSA-approved bottle is made from a durable, waterproof, nylon-based fabric. Like GoToob, they’re leakproof and easy to fill, but thanks to their flexible, fabric-like design, they will shrink to their contents, taking up less space in your pack. >> Read the full review of the Matador FlatPack

Buy Now: $14 for one or $74 for six, keepyourcadence.com

The refillable travel containers by Cadence are small, leakproof “capsules” that click together with magnets. At 0.56 ounces, they’re best for makeup and toiletries you don’t need much of—like a weekend’s worth of shampoo or a week of that under eye cream you only need a dab of.

Foods are subject to liquid limits

The TSA’s 3-1-1 rule applies to food too, meaning you’ll need to make sure any foods that count as liquids, gels, or pastes (like yogurt, peanut butter, pâté, jams, or that tasty pimento cheese spread you tried to bring home from Charleston) are less than 3.4 ounces or packed in your checked bag. There are some exceptions, like frozen foods and juice for babies, and the TSA’s website is the best resource to check for specific items.

Exceptions to TSA’s liquids rule: Full-sized liquids that you can bring through security

The TSA has several important exemptions to its liquids rule. You’re allowed to bring full-sized bottles of the following:

Hand sanitizer: Due to the coronavirus pandemic, the TSA currently allows travelers to bring up to 12 ounces of hand sanitizer in their carry-on bags. These will be screened separately.

Medication: You’re allowed to bring medically necessary liquids, aerosols, and gels through security. This also includes the ice or gel packs you may need to keep your medications cool. You are not required to store these items in a plastic, resealable bag, but you should remove them from your luggage and let the TSA officer know what you’ve packed.

Baby formula and breast milk: Like medication, you can bring freezer packs to keep these items cool, and you should remove them from your luggage and notify an agent when you go through security. More baby-related exceptions? Gel or liquid-filled teethers and canned or jarred baby food.

Of course, the final decision on whether an item is allowed through the checkpoint rests with the TSA officer.

If you’re ever unsure about a specific item, the TSA’s website has a handy, searchable list of prohibited and allowed items worth checking before you travel. You can also now text the TSA with your questions.

This article was originally published in 2022. It has been most recently updated on March 21, 2023, with additional information.

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Airline and TSA Carry-On Restrictions

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Table of Contents

Airline-specific carry-on luggage rules

Tsa liquid limits, how many ounces are allowed on a plane, additional tsa carry-on rules, final thoughts on tsa rules for carry-ons.

Whether you’re purposefully packing light or supplementing your checked luggage, it’s important to keep Transportation Security Administration (TSA) carry-on luggage size in mind when packing a bag and heading to the airport.

After all, not all airlines allow full-size carry-ons for free, and most have slightly different rules on carry-on bag size. Don’t get caught unaware at the gate; hefty baggage fees and inconvenience may await.

» Learn more: Want TSA Precheck for free?

Here’s what you need to know about airline and TSA carry-on size allowances.

Airline carry-on dimensions differ depending on the carrier. When purchasing your flight, you’ll be able to see your carry-on and personal item limits.

A personal item is typically a small backpack, purse, briefcase, diaper bag, camera bag or any item of a similar size that can fit underneath the seat in front of you. A carry-on bag could be anything from a large backpack to a small rolling suitcase. But it’s less shape than size that matters, so here are carry-on luggage size restrictions for each of the major domestic airlines:

Alaska Airlines

On an Alaska Airlines flight, you can bring a carry-on and a personal item for free.

Carry-on bags are limited to 22 inches long, 14 inches wide and 9 inches high including wheels and handles. All three measurements shouldn’t add up to more than 45 inches.

For personal items, Alaska offers examples of a purse, laptop or briefcase.

Alaska doesn't list weight limits, but it says that passengers should be able to lift items that go in an overhead bin.

» Learn more: Guide to Alaska Airlines baggage and other fees

American Airlines

For an American Airlines flight, passengers get one personal item and one carry-on, no matter what type of fare is bought (elite members included).

Carry-on bags shouldn’t be larger than 22 inches long, 14 inches wide and 9 inches high including handles and wheels.

Dimensions of personal items should not exceed 18 inches long, 14 inches wide and 8 inches high.

There are no weight restrictions for carry-on luggage.

» Learn more: American Airlines bag fees: How they work, how to avoid them

Delta Air Lines

Delta flyers are allowed one carry-on bag and one personal item.

Including wheels and handles, measurements may not exceed 22 inches long, 14 inches width and 9 inches high. The total length plus width plus height of baggage must not exceed 45 linear inches.

For personal items, Delta says size examples are purses, small backpacks and laptops.

Three places have weight limits: Singapore (7 kg, about 15.4 pounds), Beijing (10 kg, about 22 pounds) and Shanghai (10 kg, about 22 pounds).

» Learn more: Delta Air Lines baggage fees: How they work, how to avoid them

Frontier charges for both checked luggage and carry-on bags, and the price depends on the route you fly. It also varies depending on if you buy the bags before via the web or mobile app, at the ticket desk, or the boarding gate.

Carry-on bags must weigh less than 35 pounds and must not exceed 10 inches deep, 16 inches wide and 24 inches high. Bags must fit in the overhead bins.

Checked bags must be no longer than 62 linear inches (length + width + depth) and must weigh under 40 pounds. Bags weighing more than 40 pounds will incur additional charges per bag per direction. Bags weighing 41-50 pounds will cost you $50 more and bags weighing 51-100 pounds will cost $100 more.

Personal items cannot exceed 8 inches deep, 18 inches wide and 14 inches high.

» Learn more: Frontier baggage fees: How they work

Not all JetBlue passengers are allowed the same carry-on items. Passengers who bought Basic Blue fares get one personal item (except Mosaic customers who always get a carry-on). Blue, Extra Blue, Blue Plus and Mint fares allow one carry-on and one personal item.

Including wheels and handles, length, width and height measurements may not exceed 22 inches long, 14 inches wide and 9 inches high.

Personal items can be no more than 17 inches long, 13 inches wide and 9 inches high or smaller to fit under the seat in front of you.

There are no weight limits for carry-on luggage on JetBlue.

» Learn more: Guide to JetBlue baggage, cancellation and other fees

Southwest Airlines

Southwest is known for having a generous free checked luggage allowance, but carry-on restrictions are similar to most other airlines — one personal item and one carry-on per traveler.

Carry-on measurements should not exceed 24 inches long, 16 inches wide and 10 inches high.

Personal items are limited to 18.5 inches long, 8.5 inches wide and 13.5 inches high.

Southwest doesn't list weight limits for carry-on items.

» Learn more: The guide to Southwest baggage and other fees

United Airlines

Most travelers flying with United can bring one carry-on and one personal item, but if you’re traveling on a basic economy fare, you’re allowed one personal item only (unless you’re a MileagePlus Premier Member, are traveling internationally or have a MileagePlus credit card, like the United℠ Business Card ).

Including handles and wheels, the maximum dimensions for a carry-on are 22 inches long, 14 inches wide and 9 inches high.

Personal items are limited to 17 inches long, 10 inches wide and 9 inches high.

United doesn't publish weight limits for carry-ons.

» Learn more: What you need to know about United Airlines baggage and other fees

Depending on the airline you fly with as well as how long you’re traveling for, you might wonder whether you’re better off traveling with a checked bag rather than a carry-on . This can be especially relevant if you’ve got some liquids with you that exceed the TSA carry-on liquid limits.

WANT TSA PRECHECK FOR FREE?

A number of popular travel credit cards reimburse you for the application fee for trusted traveler programs like TSA PreCheck and Global Entry. Among them:

on Bank of America's website

on Chase's website

$0 intro for the first year, then $95 .

Statement credit of up to $100 as reimbursement when you charge the application fee for TSA PreCheck or Global Entry to the card. Available once every 4 years.

Statement credit of up to $100 as reimbursement when you charge the application fee for TSA PreCheck, Global Entry or NEXUS to the card. Available once every 4 years.

If your credit card offers reimbursement for the application fee for programs like TSA PreCheck or Global Entry, you must pay the fee with the card. You cannot submit a claim for reimbursement if you paid with some other method. Reimbursement will usually appear as a statement credit in your account within two months.

Cards typically offer reimbursement of only one fee once every four to five years. Check the terms and conditions of your card for the specific rules that apply. Note also that these cards only reimburse the application fee for a trusted traveler program. They don't automatically enroll you in the program or guarantee that you'll be accepted by the program. You still have to apply and go through the required screening, which in the case of TSA PreCheck and Global Entry includes an in-person appointment.

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» SEE the best credit cards that pay for TSA PreCheck and Global Entry

Before you even make it to your departure gate, you have to clear a TSA checkpoint. This means you must adhere to the TSA liquid limit in order to make it through security.

Containers that are 3.4 ounces or less are allowed, but there are other rules to keep in mind as well.

Carry-on liquid limit

The TSA liquid rule — also known as the 3-1-1 rule (3 ounces, 1 bag per 1 person) — is straightforward: "You are allowed to bring a quart-sized bag of liquids, aerosols, gels, creams and pastes in your carry-on bag and through the checkpoint. These are limited to travel-sized containers that are 3.4 ounces (100 milliliters) or less per item." Any liquids in larger containers will have to go into checked baggage (and are subject to overweight fees).

A basic clear, zip-top container qualifies as an eligible quart-size bag for passing through security.

The easiest way to manage the amount of fluids in your carry-on is to start with containers that are no larger than 3.4 ounces or 100 milliliters and your quart-sized bag.

The maximum carry-on liquid size and amount will depend on how much you can fit into your single quart-sized bag.

3-1-1 liquids rule exemptions

The 3-1-1 liquid rule has several exceptions if you're traveling with certain liquid medicines or baby food.

TSA allows larger amounts of certain medically necessary liquids, gels and aerosols in "reasonable quantities" for your trip. The amount allowed is not stated.

The only catch? You must declare the medication to TSA officers at the checkpoint for inspection, alongside any accessories associated with your medicine, such as freezer packs or syringes.

Labeling your medical items can help facilitate the screening process.

Formula and breast milk are considered medically necessary liquids, and thus exempt from the carry-on liquid limit. Water and juice for babies is also allowed in quantities greater than 3.4 ounces or 100 milliliters.

These child and infant nourishment items are allowed in carry-on baggage and do not need to fit within a quart-sized bag. You may also bring teethers that are gel- or liquid-filled and canned/jarred/processed baby food in your carry-on baggage.

» Learn more: 7 ways to avoid paying bag fees

Duty-free liquids

The final exemption to TSA liquid limits apply to duty-free liquids purchased during inbound international flights. It's important that these bags are secure and temper evident and stored in a transparent bag.

Be sure to keep the item's original receipt handy in case a TSA officer asks to see it.

» Learn more: Can you bring food through TSA?

The only flammables allowed in a carry-on are cigars, cigarettes, disposable and Zippo lighters, and dry batteries (like AAs or AAAs).

Camping and sports equipment

You can carry-on an air mattress with a built-in pump (by following special instructions), antlers, basketballs, footballs, baseballs, soccer balls, bike chains and bike pumps. Bicycle allowances vary by airline, but baseball bats, bear spray and bear bangers are never allowed — nor is aerosol insecticide.

Other items

There are some banned items, including knives, firearms and box cutters. A full list of which can be found on TSA’s website .

Still not sure if something you plan to carry-on is restricted? Send a photo to AskTSA on Twitter or Facebook Messenger to find out.

» Learn more: What foods you can bring on a plane

No matter which airline you fly with, first make sure you know what size carry-on you’re allowed to bring onboard and are familiar with (and prepared for) TSA’s carry-on restrictions, too. Then, you can expect a smoother and less stressful airport and airliner experience.

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Liquids Allowed in Carry-On Luggage

Joe Raedle  /  Staff  / Getty Images

If you're taking a flight for your vacation, you need to know the quantities and types of liquids that the Transportation Safety Administration (TSA) allows passengers to bring onto an airplane in their carry-on luggage .

While good security is essential, TSA's regulations on liquid quantities certainly make it harder to take some necessary items on planes. Today’s travelers have to pay attention to exactly what they’re carrying, especially when it comes to shampoos, shaving cream, drinks, and anything resembling a fluid, as many of the TSA's rules forbid these items in certain quantities.

The TSA and airport screeners are strict about the amount and type of liquids that travelers can take with them on the plane. However, they've fortunately developed a handy guide to help passengers prepare for their trip. Known as the 3-1-1 rule for carry-on liquids, this rule states that most liquids, gels, and aerosols can be transported as long as each item is in a 3.4-ounce or smaller container and all items fit in a single one-quart plastic zip-top bag.

The 3-1-1 Rule

According to the 3-1-1 guidelines, travelers, in general, are allowed to bring on most liquids, from shampoo to hand sanitizer gels, as long as they meet the requirements of the 3-1-1 rule. Typically this means you can carry up to six 3.4-ounce bottles of shampoos, contact solution, and other liquid necessities as long as they are all contained within a zip-top bag.

You can also put liquids in your checked luggage (as long as they’re not prohibited items). However, if you do this, you should make sure the liquids are sealed really well so that they don't come up while being transported beneath the aircraft. The last thing you need on a business trip is to have your shampoos or other liquids leak all over your business suit or wardrobe. Fortunately, there are plenty of great TSA-approved travel toiletry bottles available to choose from.

Special Liquids and Larger Quantities

Travelers can also declare larger containers of selected liquids, such as baby formula or medications , at the checkpoint. Airport screeners will generally allow them in moderate quantities, and declared liquids don’t have to be in zip-top bags.

Medications, baby formula and food , and breast milk are allowed in reasonable quantities exceeding three ounces, but you'll need to declare these items for inspection at the checkpoint. Also, it's worth noting that TSA screeners do allow you to bring ice through the security checkpoint as long as it's frozen solid. So if you bring ice, make sure to dump out any water before you hit the security checkpoint.

Examples of liquids that can be in excess of the 3.4-ounce rule include:

• Baby formula, breast milk, and juice (for babies)
• Both prescription and over-the-counter medications
• Liquids or liquid nutrition for people with disabilities or medical conditions
• Specialized medical liquids like contact solution
• Frozen items, if they’re frozen solid
• Medical or cosmetic items with liquid or saline

If you’re attempting to bring one of the above items with you, the TSA requires you to separate them, declare them to a security officer, and present them for additional screening. For complete information on the 3-1-1 rule, visit the TSA website, and for a complete list of prohibited items, visit the official TSA prohibited items list.

Why the TSA Limits Liquids

While it may seem like an arbitrary rule to some, the TSA 3-1-1 Rule actually took a considerable amount of negotiation and research to implement and was developed in response to an attempted attack on an airport in the United Kingdom.

On August 10, 2006, authorities in the United Kingdom arrested a group that was planning to destroy a number of airplanes by using an explosive mixture of a sports drink and other chemicals. After the arrest, the TSA rigorously tested a wide variety of liquids to determine which should be banned outright and what quantity of common household liquids was safe for passengers to bring aboard.

The United States adopted the 3-1-1 Rule in September of 2006, and the TSA screens all arriving international flights to make sure passengers comply with domestic regulations. Other countries have since adopted the same or similar regulations in order to ensure uniform administration of safety rules around the world. Canada, China, South Korea, New Zealand, Australia, and all member states of the European Union follow the 3-1-1 Rule.

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How Many Ounces Can You Carry On A Plane? (TSA Liquid Fl Oz Rules)

Last Updated on February 20, 2022

As you are aware there are restrictions on how many ounces of liquid you can carry on a plane.

When you travel you need to know the TSA liquids rules before you go through the TSA’s security screening.

If your bottles are over the liquids limit you won’t be able to take them and they’ll end up in the trash.

The guidelines on this post refer to the liquids permitted in carry-on luggage. Travelers taking liquids in checked bags should refer to this post.

When Flying, How Many Fluid Ounces Can 1 Bottle Contain?

The first part of the TSA’s 3-1-1 rule states that each bottle or container of liquid that you bring in your carry on luggage can be no larger than 3.4 ounces .

If that seems like a strange number to you it’s because 3.4 ounces is equivalent to 100 milliliters. This brings the US airplane liquids limit in line with the rest of the metric world.

Many products such as shampoo, shower gel, etc are available in travel size bottles that are under this 3.4 oz limit.

You can also buy refillable travel bottles and decant some liquid from your larger bottles of shampoo into the smaller bottles.

This can be a real money saver in the long run and there is another advantage of refilling bottles too.

Often 3.4 oz is too much liquid for the duration of your trip. For example, a 50 ml bottle of face moisturizer might last 4 months.

So 3.4 oz of face moisturizer would be enough to last 8 months, so that’s overkill when you are only going away for a weekend vacation.

Refillable bottles and containers come in all shapes and sizes and this means you can take enough product to cover you for the duration of your trip.

And all this matters because you are not allowed to bring unlimited 3.4 oz bottles on a plane.

There is a maximum limit to the total number of fl oz you can pack in your carry on and that’s defined by your plastic toiletries bag.

How Many Ounces Of Liquid Can You Take On A Plane In Total?

The second part of the 3-1-1 rule states that all your liquids bottles or container most be packed inside 1 quart-sized plastic bag .

There are 32 ounces in a quart but you won’t be able to fill your plastic quart bag with 32 ounces of liquid. We estimate that you can for 7 or 8 travel-sized bottles in a quart bag. So it’s a reasonable guess to say that you can bring roughly 25 total liquid ounces with you on a plane .

The last part of the 3-1-1 rule states that you are only permitted 1 quart-bag per passenger. So you can’t pack 1 quart-bag full of toiletries in your purse and another quart bag in your carry-on bag.

Liquids You Didn’t Realize Are Considered Liquids

There are some liquids, gels, creams, and pastes that people often forget to pack in their toiletries bag.

If you can squeeze it, smear it, pump it, spread it, spray it, or spill it then it’s considered a liquid. So make sure you pack it in your quart bag.

The following is a brief list of some of the frequent offenders:

• Peanut Butter
• Hair mousse
• Lush face mask
• Liquid Eyeliner

What Types Of Liquids Are Banned Entirely?

A few liquids are banned entirely even if they are under 3.4 oz.

• Alcoholic Beverages over 70% ABV
• Aerosols that are not toiletries
• Most flammable liquids
• Most toxic liquids
• Fertilizer 
• Insecticide 

The reason these are banned is for safety. The TSA is trying to stop dangerous substances from getting on planes.

Exceptions Where You Are Permitted To Bring More Ounces

Liquids are not restricted just to annoy you. 

The TSA has no interest in stopping you from taking necessary liquids when you fly. It’s all about safety at the end of the day.

So there are some exceptions to the 3-1-1 rule where you are able to bring quantities of liquids greater than 3.4 oz.

Here are some examples:

• Baby formula
• Breast milk
• Juice for kids

If you are taking any of these exceptions with you then you should remove them from your carry-on bags at the checkpoint for additional screening.

Duty-free liquids that you’ve purchased after the security checkpoint can be greater than 3.4.

You can also carry that bottle of water or soda that you bought from the store after the security checkpoint.

The Verdict

These were the rules for packing carry-on luggage. Passengers traveling with checked baggage will be able to take more liquids.

However still some rules on flying with liquids in checked luggage especially flammable liquids. 

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The TSA Ounce Limit

The TSA ounce limit applies to all liquids and gels you bring in a carry-on bag for air travel. No single container of a liquid or a gel may be larger than 3.4 ounces. There are a few exceptions to this rule, as well as further restrictions on liquids and gels.

Liquids and Gels in Carry-Ons

Each passenger may carry one clear zip-top bag of liquids and gels in individual containers. Each container must be no more than 3.4 ounces. This rule applies to toiletries and food and drink, as well as any other substance.

Medically necessary products like liquid medicine are not restricted in size. Adults traveling with infants or toddlers may also carry larger containers of special food and drinks for those children. These items may be subject to special inspections, however, and should be declared when you pass through security. To make this process as efficient as possible, it's best to pack only the amount of liquid needed during the flight in your carry-on.

Airport Shops

Technically the liquid and gel restrictions apply to products carried through airport security by passengers, not to what is carried onto the plane. Passengers may carry larger sizes of liquids and gels like drinks or toiletries onboard as long as they are purchased in airport shops past the security checkpoint. Even alcohol may often be purchased in larger quantities at duty-free shops.

Further Liquid Restrictions

Flammable or otherwise hazardous liquids are not permitted in carry-ons in any size. The one exception to this rule is standard lighters, which may be carried.

Snow globes and similar liquid-containing items are also prohibited in all sizes.

• TSA: Medically Necessary Liquids
• TSA: Traveling With Children
• TSA: Prohibited Items

About the Author

Laura Gee has a B.A. in history and anthropology, but now spends more time blogging and producing web content. She has worked and/or trained as an illustrator, crafter, caterer, yoga teacher, child-care provider and massage therapist, and she loves to travel when she gets a chance.

Photo Credits

• Ryan McVay/Lifesize/Getty Images

TSA Liquid Rules: How Many 3 Oz Bottles Can You Take on a Plane?

You’re probably aware that there is a limit to the amount of liquids that you can take on a plane in any one container – 3.4oz/100ml.

But there is also a limit to how many of these 3.4oz containers you bring on a plane, too.

If packed in your carry on, you are only allowed to travel with containers of liquid, gel or aerosol that are no larger than 3.4 ounces and are placed in a 1 quart-sized resalable bag.

Table of Contents

• 1 How Many 3 Oz Bottles (3.4 Oz Containers) Can You Take on a Plane?
• 2 TSA Liquid Rules for Checked Bags
• 3 Liquid Rules for Domestic & International Flights
• 4 Airline Liquids Policy
• 5 Why it is Called the 3-1-1 Rule
• 6 Exceptions to the 3-1-1 Rule
• 7 Bringing Containers Larger Than 3.4 Oz/100ml
• 8 A Loophole to Bring More than 3.4Oz/100ml on a Plane
• 9 Liquids That Are Forbidden on Planes
• 10 5 Surprising Items That Qualify As Liquids
• 11 Why You Can Only Take 3.4 Oz Bottles on a Plane

How Many 3 Oz Bottles (3.4 Oz Containers) Can You Take on a Plane?

In total, you can take 32 ounces (or 1 quart of liquids on a plane) in your carry on.

In all likelihood, you won’t be able to take a full 32 ounces on a plane because any liquid, gel or aerosol will be in a container.

In reality, you will be able to bring 25 ounces in total, in 7 or 8 travel-sized 3.4oz/100ml containers onto a plane.

TSA Liquid Rules for Checked Bags

When packing liquids, gels or aerosols in your checked bags, the restrictions are much looser.

Generally, there is no limit to how many ounces of containers of gels, liquids and aerosols you can pack in your checked bags.

However, the TSA state that there is a limit on “the total amount of restricted medicinal and toiletry articles in checked baggage”.

This includes items like nail polish, nail polish remover, perfume , cologne , hair spray , hair texturizer, and makeup remover.

For these items, “the total aggregate quantity per person cannot exceed 2 kg (70 ounces) or 2 L (68 fluid ounces)”.

The capacity of each container must not exceed 0.5 kg (18 ounces) or 500 ml (17 fluid ounces).

Liquid Rules for Domestic & International Flights

Worldwide, it may not be called the 3-1-1 Rule as the TSA defines it, but all aviation authorities are in alignment.

So this means that regardless if you’re flying domestically or internationally, you are only allowed to bring 3.4 ounces of liquid, gels and aerosols in your carry on, and they must be placed in a 1 quart-sized resalable bag.

Again, this means that you will be able to bring 25 ounces in total, in 7 or 8 travel-sized 3.4oz/100ml containers onto a plane.

Airline Liquids Policy

Once you have passed airport security, you will be able to buy and take liquids, gels and aerosols in containers that are larger than 3.4oz/100ml on a plane.

This means that you buy water, juice, coffee , perfume, cologne, shampoo , and any other item that you find in shops at the airport in large containers onto a plane.

Why it is Called the 3-1-1 Rule

The 3-1-1 Rule stands for 3 ounces, 1 passenger, 1 quart-sized bag.

Each passenger is only allowed to travel with liquids, gels and aerosols in containers that are no larger than 3.4oz/100ml, and they must be placed in a 1 quart-sized bag.

You may have noticed that you are allowed to bring containers that do not exceed 3.4oz, despite the name of the rule.

This is probably because the 3.4-1-1 Rule doesn’t have the same ring to it, and the TSA wanted a mnemonic that was easy to remember.

Exceptions to the 3-1-1 Rule

There are several exceptions to the 3-1-1 Rule.

The following items, if packed in your carry on bags, are allowed to exceed 3.4 oz/100ml.

• Breast milk and formula
• Liquid medication
• Hand sanitizer
• Jumbo disinfecting wipes
• STEB items (secure, tamper-evident bags purchased at the airport)
• Cough syrup
• Gel-filled bras
• Saline solution
• Ice packs (must be frozen solid)

If you are taking any of the above items, they should be removed from your carry on bags for additional screening.

Bringing Containers Larger Than 3.4 Oz/100ml

If you try and go through airport security with any liquid, gel or aerosol in a container that exceeds 3.4oz/100ml, a security agent will confiscate the item.

A Loophole to Bring More than 3.4Oz/100ml on a Plane

There is a loophole that allows passengers to bring more than 3.4oz/100ml of liquids on a plane – as long as you are traveling with a baby or young child.

You can say that the item you are traveling with is for your baby or child.

Of course, this will only work for very few items like bringing a water bottle on a plane , but it’s useful to know.

Liquids That Are Forbidden on Planes

There are some liquids that, even if under 3.4 oz/100ml, you are forbidden from bringing on a plane.

Liquids that are forbidden include:

• Most flammable liquids ( you can bring nail polish on a plane , though)
• Most toxic liquids
• Aerosols that do not qualify as toiletries
• Alcoholic Beverages over 70% ABV (140 proof)
• Insecticide

Make sure you leave these at home.

5 Surprising Items That Qualify As Liquids

There are some items that you wouldn’t expect to qualify as liquids, but actually are.

So, keep the following items in minds next time you travel:

• Peanut Butter
• Hair mousse
• Snow globes

Why You Can Only Take 3.4 Oz Bottles on a Plane

It wasn’t always the case that you could only bring liquids, gels and aerosols that don’t exceed 3.4oz in your carry on.

This rule was implemented after terrorists tried to sneak liquid explosives onto a plane in the UK in August 2006.

3.4oz/100ml is the permitted amount because it is the maximum amount of liquid explosives that pose little to no risk to travelers.

Ella Dunham

Ella Dunham, a Freelance Travel Journalist and Marketing Manager, boasts an impressive career spanning eight years in the travel and tourism sectors.

Honored as one of "30 Under 30" by TTG Media (the world’s very first weekly travel trade newspaper), a "Tour Operator Travel Guru" and "Legend Award" winner, Ella is also a Fellow of the Institute of Travel, a Member of the Association of Women Travel Executives, has completed over 250 travel modules, and hosts travel-focused segments on national radio shows where she provides insights on travel regulations and destinations.

Ella has visited over 40 countries (with 10 more planned this year).

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• At the airport

Restricted items

What can you fly with.

To prevent inflight danger, many common items are restricted by the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) and Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). If you travel with objects on the TSA prohibited items or FAA Pack Safe Hazmat restrictions lists, they will be confiscated.*

• TSA prohibited items Opens another site in a new window that may not meet accessibility guidelines
• FAA Pack Safe Hazmat restrictions Opens another site in a new window that may not meet accessibility guidelines

*You will be in violation of U.S. Federal Law if you don’t declare any dangerous items. This means you could face up to 5 years imprisonment and a fine of $250,000 (49 U.S.C 5124).

Alcoholic beverages over 140 proof

Allowed for travel?

• Other alcoholic beverages in retail packaging
• Checked bags - yes

Visit the TSA for rules on carry-on bags Opens another site in a new window that may not meet accessibility guidelines

Opened containers aren't allowed.

You can take a maximum of 5 liters per passenger for beverages 24 – 70 percent alcohol by volume in checked bags; customs regulations vary by country.

Due to restrictions set by the European Union (EU), you cannot transport certain products of animal origin into the EU. Please check ahead of time to make sure you comply with these restrictions.

• Carbon zinc
• Silver oxide
• Lithium or lithium-ion
• Nickel-cadmium or nickel-metal hydride

Please remove batteries from devices in your checked bags and put them in your carry-on in separate plastic bags.

Lithium-ion battery acceptance by Watt-hour (Wh):

• Less than 100 Wh – 4 spares in carry-on bag
• 100 - 160 Wh – 2 spares in carry-on bag
• 160 - 300 Wh – Contact Special Assistance

Special assistance

• Damaged batteries
• Automobile, boat or aircraft batteries

Portable electronic devices containing cells or batteries (including lithium) and spares for these devices intended for personal use:

• Laptop computer
• Notebook computer

We allow up to 2 spare batteries for personal use, with restrictions:

• Each spare battery is individually protected in accordance with our lithium battery acceptance policy
• Batteries are in carry-on bag only
• For a lithium metal battery, lithium content cannot be more than 2 grams per battery
• For lithium-ion batteries, a maximum of 2, not exceeding 160 Wh each, are allowed in carry-on bag with airline approval

Traveling with lithium batteries Opens another site in a new window that may not meet accessibility guidelines

Portable electronic devices containing cells or batteries (including lithium) and spares for these devices not intended for personal use:

We allow up to 2 of each device and 2 spare batteries intended for personal use only, with restrictions:

• Approved devices and batteries are safely packaged in carry-on only
• Bags and boxes carrying more than the allotted amount for personal use will not be accepted
• Metal knives (of any length or type)
• Box cutters
• Straight razors
• Carry-on bag - no

You can travel with plastic cutlery and safety/disposable razors in your carry-on bag.

• Pepper spray

Yes, with restrictions

Your drone's battery must not exceed 160 Wh

Drone can be carried on if it or its box is less than 22 x 14 x 9 inches / 56 x 36 x 23 centimeters

Dry ice for packing perishable items

You can travel with up to 5.5 lbs/2.5 kgs as carry-on if:

• Packed in a vented, hard plastic or heavy gauge styrofoam container
• You tell a ticket or gate agent
• Vapor cigarettes
• e-cigarettes

Checked bags - no

Carry-on bag - yes

Since some electronic cigarettes use lithium ion batteries, you cannot travel with them in your checked bags. You can travel with them in your carry-on, but you’re not allowed to use them onboard any flight. We recommend traveling with them in a designated carry case.

• Flares/flare guns
• Swingless golf club load strips

You can travel with swingless golf clubs without strips.

Checked bags - yes*

You can travel with firearms in checked bags only if they are declared to an agent at check-in.

You can travel with up to 11lbs/5kg small arms ammunition for sporting purposes in your checked bags if it is:

• Securely packed in the original manufacturers' packaging
• Packaged in fiber, wood, metal or other packaging specifically designed to carry small amounts of ammunition

Firearms and ammunition

*Firearms are not allowed in checked bags on Landline motorcoach connections.

• Gas torches (including micro-torches and torch lighters)
• Flammable glues/epoxies
• Gas-powered trimmers/edgers

You can only travel with gasoline-powered tools in your checked bags if they are:

• New or unused
• In the original packaging (which must be in good condition)
• Spray starch
• Insecticides
• Drain cleaners
• Oven or bathroom cleaners
• Hoverboards
• Balance wheels
• Electric small scooters
• Intelligent scooters

We don’t allow lithium ion battery-powered personal transportation devices on board or as carry-on or checked bags.

• Lighters or lighter fluid
• Grill lighters

When traveling to/from/through Japan, you can carry one lighter per person.

For all other travel, you can also carry-on:

• 1 book of safety matches
• Common “Bic style” and unsealed “Zippo style” lighters

You cannot travel with:

• Torch/wind-proof lighters
• “Strike-anywhere” matches
• Lighter fluid
• Recreational Marijuana
• Medical Marijuana

Although American is aware of various state laws that allow recreational or medical marijuana possession, the TSA has stated that possession of marijuana, even medical marijuana, is illegal under federal law and that it will refer passengers traveling with marijuana to law enforcement authorities. Accordingly, American does not allow passenger to transport marijuana on our flights. Anyone traveling with or transporting marijuana on American flights does at their own risk.

Electric wheelchairs with spillable batteries

You can travel with mobility devices if:

• Transported according to our guidelines
• Advance notice is given when traveling transatlantic

Mobility and devices

• Aerosol deodorant or hair spray
• Insect repellent
• Perfume or cologne containing alcohol
• Nail polish or nail polish remover
• Large bottles of acetone such as liquid nails

You can travel with personal care items in your carry-on bag if they are:

• Travel-size (3.4 ounce containers or smaller)
• In a clear, plastic, one-quart zip-top bag

You can travel with personal care items in your checked bags if:

• You have no more than 70 ounces in total
• Each container has no more than 16 fluid ounces

Carry-on bags

• Propane tanks
• CO2 cartridges
• Self-inflating rafts
• Recreational oxygen
• Personal face / full-body pod
• Personal face / full-body tent
• Stadium tent

Checked bags – yes

Carry-on bag – yes

You can travel with these items in your bag, but they may not be used on board or in flight. If space is limited and the item doesn’t fit in the cabin, it may need to be checked.

• Portable electronic air freshener / purifier
• Ozone generator

Checked bags – no

Since some devices use lithium ion batteries, you cannot travel with them in your checked bags. You can travel with them in your carry-on, but you’re not allowed to use them on board any flight.

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Samsung Galaxy Note 7 devices

Includes recalled and replacement devices.

• Flameless meal products such as HeaterMeals
• Meals Ready-To-Eat (MREs)

Self-inflating life jackets with no more than 2 small CO2 cartridges for inflation purposes

You can only travel with one life jacket in your checked bag, but it may be confiscated by the TSA.

• Metal scissors
• Screwdrivers

Yes but with restrictions

You can travel with such items as carry-on if their measurements are:

• Cutting edge of up to 4-inches : metal scissors
• Up to 7-inches : tools such as screwdrivers, wrenches and pliers

Checked or carry-on bags with charging devices

Allowed to travel?

You can travel with these bags as a carry-on if the battery is removable. If the bag needs to be checked or valeted you must remove the battery and carry it with you. Bags with non-removable batteries won't be accepted.

• TASER devices
• Electro-shock weapons (conducted electrical weapons)

You can travel with stun guns / shocking devices in checked bags only if transported in a manner that renders the device inoperable from accidental discharge.

Please remove all batteries from devices in your checked bags and put them in your carry-on in separate plastic bags.

• Less than 100 Wh – 4 spares in carry-on bag
• 100 - 160 Wh – 2 spares in carry-on bag
• 160 - 300 Wh – Contact Special Assistance

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Choosing The Right Size Of Fluids For Travel: A Complete Guide

• Last updated May 11, 2024
• Difficulty Beginner

• Category Travel

Whether you are traveling for business or pleasure, packing the right size of fluids is essential to ensure a smooth and hassle-free journey. From toiletries to medications, choosing the correct size of fluids can save you time, money, and avoid the hassle of having your items confiscated at airport security. In this complete guide, we will explore the different sizes available for various fluids, including shampoo, conditioner, hand sanitizer, and more. Join us as we unravel the secrets to making the right choices and make your travel experience a breeze.

What You'll Learn

Importance of choosing the right size of fluids for travel, factors to consider when deciding on fluid sizes for travel, types of fluids to bring and their recommended sizes for travel, tips for packing and organizing fluids of the right sizes for travel.

When it comes to traveling, there are several important factors to consider in order to ensure a smooth and comfortable journey. One of the most crucial aspects is choosing the right size of fluids to take with you. Whether you're hitting the road or flying to a faraway destination, having the appropriate size of fluids is essential for both convenience and compliance with airport regulations.

First and foremost, it's important to understand the restrictions imposed by the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) on carrying liquids in your carry-on luggage. According to TSA guidelines, all liquids brought onto an airplane must be in containers that are 3.4 ounces (100 milliliters) or less per item. These containers must be placed in a clear, quart-sized bag and each passenger is limited to one bag. This is what is commonly referred to as the "3-1-1 rule" – 3.4 ounces (100 milliliters) per container, in a 1-quart bag, with 1 bag per passenger.

By choosing the right size of fluids for travel, you can avoid the hassle and potential delays caused by having to discard liquids at the security checkpoint. It's important to assess your needs and select the appropriate sizes of toiletries, medications, and other liquids accordingly. Investing in travel-sized containers, which are specifically designed to meet the TSA requirements, can be a wise choice. These containers are typically available in various sizes, ranging from a few ounces to just a few milliliters, allowing you to pack your essentials without exceeding the limit.

Additionally, choosing the right size of fluids for travel is crucial for convenience during your journey. Whether you're traveling by car, train, or plane, having the right size of fluids will make it easier to access and use them throughout your trip. Large containers or bottles may be too bulky to fit in your carry-on bag or purse, making it inconvenient to carry them around. On the other hand, choosing smaller containers that are easy to handle and pack will ensure that you have quick and convenient access to your fluids whenever you need them.

In order to determine the right size of fluids for travel, consider factors such as the duration of your trip, the availability of amenities at your destination, and any specific requirements or restrictions that may apply. For example, if you're traveling to a remote location with limited access to stores or pharmacies, it may be prudent to bring larger quantities of medications or personal care products. On the other hand, if you're staying at a hotel that provides toiletries, you may only need to bring travel-sized versions of your preferred products.

In conclusion, choosing the right size of fluids for travel is of utmost importance in order to ensure a smooth and convenient journey. By complying with TSA regulations and selecting travel-sized containers, you can avoid potential delays at the security checkpoint. Additionally, having the appropriate sizes of fluids will make it easier for you to access and use them throughout your trip. So, before embarking on your next adventure, take the time to assess your needs and choose the right size of fluids to make your travel experience comfortable and hassle-free.

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When it comes to packing for travel, it's important to consider the size of fluids you bring with you. Airlines and transportation authorities have strict rules and regulations regarding the size and quantity of liquids that can be carried in your hand luggage. It's essential to know these rules and factor them into your decision-making process to avoid any inconveniences or problems at the security checkpoint.

Here are some important factors to consider when deciding on fluid sizes for travel:

• Airline and Transportation Regulations: The most crucial factor to consider is the rules and regulations set by the airline and transportation authorities. These rules dictate the maximum container size and the quantity of fluids you can carry in your hand luggage. Typically, the limit is set at 3.4 ounces (100 milliliters) per container, and all containers must fit into a single, transparent, resealable plastic bag with a maximum capacity of 1 quart (1 liter).
• Duration of Travel: The length of your journey is another essential factor to consider. If you're traveling for a short trip, such as an overnight stay or a weekend getaway, you may only need small travel-sized containers of essential liquids, such as shampoo, conditioner, and toothpaste. On the other hand, for longer trips, you might need to bring larger containers or consider purchasing travel-sized items at your destination.
• Availability of Products at Your Destination: Before deciding on fluid sizes, it's important to research and determine the availability of products at your destination. If you're traveling to a popular tourist destination or a major city, you'll likely have access to a wide range of personal hygiene and beauty products. In such cases, it may be more convenient to purchase these items locally, rather than carrying them from home.
• Personal Needs and Preferences: Consider your personal needs and preferences when deciding on sizes of fluids for travel. This includes factors like your skincare routine, hair type, and any specific products you prefer to use. If you have particular beauty or personal hygiene products that are irreplaceable or hard to find, you may want to transfer them into travel-sized containers or invest in travel-sized versions of them.
• Space and Weight Constraints: Lastly, factor in space and weight constraints when deciding on fluid sizes. Depending on your mode of transportation, you may have limited luggage space, especially if you're traveling with only a carry-on bag. Additionally, airlines often have weight restrictions for both checked and carry-on luggage. Choose travel-sized containers that are compact and lightweight to optimize your packing space and stay within the weight limits.

In conclusion, when it comes to deciding on fluid sizes for travel, it's important to consider the airline and transportation regulations, the duration of your trip, the availability of products at your destination, your personal needs and preferences, and any space and weight constraints you may have. By taking these factors into account, you can ensure a hassle-free and enjoyable travel experience.

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When it comes to travel, one important consideration is what size of fluids to bring. Whether you are traveling by plane, train, or automobile, there are certain limitations and restrictions on the amount of liquids you can bring. To help you navigate these rules, here is a guide on the types of fluids to bring and their recommended sizes for travel.

• Water: Staying hydrated during your travels is crucial, especially when flying. The recommended size for water bottles is 100 milliliters (3.4 ounces) or less. This size is compliant with the Transportation Security Administration's (TSA) regulations for carry-on liquids. Consider bringing a reusable water bottle and filling it up after you pass through airport security.
• Hand Sanitizer: Keeping your hands clean while traveling is essential for maintaining good hygiene. To comply with TSA regulations, hand sanitizer should be in a container that is 100 milliliters (3.4 ounces) or less. Look for travel-sized containers specifically labeled as portable hand sanitizers.
• Shampoo and Conditioner: If you prefer to use your own shampoo and conditioner while traveling, consider purchasing travel-sized bottles. These typically come in sizes ranging from 50 to 100 milliliters (1.7 to 3.4 ounces). Another option is to transfer your shampoo and conditioner into smaller, travel-friendly containers.
• Sunscreen: Protecting your skin from the sun's harmful rays is important no matter where you are traveling. Look for sunscreen in travel-sized bottles that are 100 milliliters (3.4 ounces) or less. Consider purchasing a broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher for maximum protection.
• Toothpaste: Maintaining good oral hygiene while traveling is essential. Travel-sized toothpaste tubes typically come in sizes ranging from 25 to 50 milliliters (0.85 to 1.7 ounces). Consider bringing a toothbrush with a protective cover to keep it clean and prevent it from getting squashed in your luggage.
• Contact Lens Solution: If you wear contact lenses, it is important to bring an adequate supply of contact lens solution. Most travel-sized contact lens solution bottles are 100 milliliters (3.4 ounces) or less, which makes them compliant with TSA regulations. Alternatively, you can transfer some solution into a smaller container if needed.
• Medications: If you take prescription or over-the-counter medications, it is essential to bring an adequate supply for the duration of your trip. Check with your airline or transportation provider for any specific restrictions on medications. It is recommended to keep medications in their original packaging and bring a copy of your prescription, just in case.

Remember, these recommendations are based on general guidelines and may vary depending on your mode of travel and specific regulations. It is always a good idea to check with your airline or transportation provider for any specific restrictions and guidelines regarding the size of fluids you can bring.

If you are unsure about the sizes of your travel liquids, consider using travel-sized containers or purchasing mini versions of your favorite products. Additionally, many stores sell travel-friendly kits that contain various toiletries in the appropriate sizes. By being mindful of the sizes of fluids you bring, you can ensure a smooth and hassle-free travel experience.

In conclusion, it is important to consider the sizes of fluids you bring when traveling. Follow the recommendations outlined above for water, hand sanitizer, shampoo and conditioner, sunscreen, toothpaste, contact lens solution, and medications. Always check with your airline or transportation provider for any specific restrictions and guidelines. With the right-sized fluids, you can stay hydrated, clean, and protected during your travels.

Tips for Getting Your Team Involved in Travel Ball Leagues

When it comes to packing for a trip, one of the most important considerations is making sure all of your fluids are the right sizes and properly organized. This can be especially crucial if you are flying and need to adhere to the TSA's liquid restrictions. To help ensure a smooth and hassle-free travel experience, here are some tips for packing and organizing your fluids of the right sizes for travel.

• Check the TSA regulations: Before you begin packing, it's important to familiarize yourself with the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) regulations regarding liquids. For flights within the United States, the TSA restricts the size of containers to 3.4 ounces (or 100 milliliters) or less per item. These containers must be placed in a single, clear, quart-sized plastic bag, with only one bag allowed per passenger.
• Purchase appropriate travel-sized containers: To comply with the TSA regulations, invest in a set of travel-sized containers that are 3.4 ounces or less. These can typically be found at drugstores, supermarkets, or online. Additionally, look for leak-proof containers to prevent any spills or accidents during your travels.
• Transfer your liquids: Once you have your travel-sized containers, transfer your liquids into them. This includes items such as shampoo, conditioner, lotion, face wash, and any other liquids you may need. Be sure to label each container so you know what it contains, and remember to only fill them up to the appropriate amount – 3.4 ounces or less.
• Organize your liquids in a clear plastic bag: To save time and avoid any last-minute hassle at the airport security checkpoint, organize your liquids in a clear plastic bag. This makes it easier for the TSA officers to inspect your liquids and ensures that you are complying with the regulations. Keep in mind that only one plastic bag is allowed per passenger, so make sure everything fits comfortably inside.
• Pack the bag in an easily accessible place: When packing your liquids, make sure to place the bag in an easily accessible place in your carry-on luggage. This will allow you to quickly and efficiently remove it during the security screening process, saving you time and unnecessary stress.
• Consider using solid alternatives: Another option to avoid the hassle of packing and organizing liquids is to opt for solid alternatives. There are now solid shampoo bars, conditioner bars, and even toothpaste tablets available on the market. These eliminate the need for liquid containers altogether and can be a convenient and mess-free solution for travel.
• Be mindful of additional restrictions: While the 3.4-ounce limit is the general rule, there may be additional restrictions for certain types of liquids, such as alcoholic beverages or medical supplies. It's important to check with the airline or consult the TSA website for any specific guidelines or exceptions that may apply.

By following these tips, you'll be well-prepared to pack and organize your fluids of the right sizes for travel. Remember to always check the TSA regulations, invest in the appropriate travel-sized containers, and pack your liquids in an organized and easily accessible manner. With a little bit of preparation, you can ensure a stress-free journey without any issues at the airport security checkpoint.

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Dozens of passengers on 12-hour-long flight suddenly fell ill with vomiting and nausea

Passengers onboard a Condor flight from Mauritius to Frankfurt, Germany, earlier this month mysteriously “ became ill ,” needing airsick bags during the flight, the airline said. Upon arrival, the plane was met with emergency vehicles and medical staff.

During the Germany-based carrier’s nearly 12-hour-long flight on May 2, 70 of the 290 passengers reported feeling nausea and vomiting, according to German media outlet Bild . The crew was not affected. 

“The crew cared for these passengers by providing additional liquids and airsick bags as required until further medical assistance was available,” a spokesperson for the airline told USA TODAY in an emailed statement on Friday.

“As a precautionary measure, Frankfurt airport and the relevant authorities on the ground were informed to ensure medical care was made available upon arrival in Frankfurt,” the airline continued. 

Air travel smells worse than ever. Here's how to fix it.

Learn more: Best travel insurance

The airline is investigating to determine the cause of the incident and is working closely with relevant partners and authorities, the spokesperson said. No cause was identified as of Friday.

In the meantime, Condor said it has adjusted its cleaning and loading processes for its flights from Mauritius with “additional and more intensive cleaning measures for all objects and surfaces.” The airline also said it is only serving meals from a completely new batch.

Kathleen Wong is a travel reporter for USA TODAY based in Hawaii. You can reach her at [email protected] .

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I'm a Frequent-flying Airline Cardholder, and These Are the 8 Items I Never Travel Without

Score editor-approved finds from Lululemon, Sony, and Travelpro, starting at $6.

Travel + Leisure

Anyone who considers themselves a seasoned traveler knows just what to pack for a long flight. While I wouldn’t say I’m a full-blown jet-setter, I do travel multiple times a year — enough to benefit from an airline's credit card. And trip after trip, there are several nifty items I always find myself toting along, all of which are available at Amazon with prices starting as low as $6. 

As Travel + Leisure ’s Amazon shopping expert, you can trust that I discover some of the best finds at affordable prices. In fact, I do it for a living. And when you marry that skill with my knack for traveling, you’ll get a list filled with top-rated finds from some of the biggest brands around. That includes editor-loved Amazon travel picks from Lululemon, Scout, Sony, and Travelpro, just to name a few. I’ve tested each of these products during flights, on vacations, and throughout everyday life, so you know that I’ve put ‘em through the ringer (and they’ve all passed).

Editor-Loved Amazon Travel Essentials

• CamelBak Chute Mag 25-Ounce Bottle , from $14 (originally $16) 
• Lululemon All Night Festival Bag 5L , from $102 
• Sony WH-1000XM4 Wireless Premium Noise Canceling Headphones , $278 (originally $348)
• Covergirl Clean Fresh Tinted Lip Balm , $6 (originally $8)
• Cadence Travel Body Set Capsule Containers , $66
• Etekcity Digital Luggage Scale , from $11
• Travelpro Maxlite Air Medium Check-In Hardside Spinner , $186 (originally $220)
• Scout Little Big Mouth Makeup Bag , $33
• Ouai Melrose Place Eau de Parfum Travel , $26

CamelBak Chute Mag 25-Ounce Bottle

I’ve used CamelBak water bottles for over 10 years, primarily because they were trendy when I was in college, but they’ve stuck with me ever since. While I loved the classic Eddy+ straw water bottle in my 20s, I’ve since upgraded to the Chute Mag bottle , which has a leak-proof, screw-top lid, preventing dirt and grime from contaminating the mouth. Designed with a slim build, the water bottle fits nicely in my backpack or carry-on, too. Plus, I love that it’s made with plastic, making it lightweight enough to carry in-hand. 

Lululemon All Night Festival Bag 5L

Tote bags are great, but when you want to carry just the essentials and roam hands-free, this is the Lululemon belt bag you’ll reach for instead. I love the All Night Festival Bag , which has a clever zipper design that makes me feel secure despite the rise in pickpocketing scares . It has a zipper around the top to stash important items like your passport, phone, and earbuds. However, that portion actually folds over to create a flap that’s fastened by a magnetic button. The bag also has an external zipper for small knick knacks like a subway card or ID. Shop it in black or white. 

Sony WH-1000XM4 Wireless Premium Noise Canceling Headphones

Airplane engines, baby cries, and chatty passengers are all things these headphones can block out. I’ve had the older version of these for years and I’m due for this upgraded one. However, I can honestly say the Sony headphones deliver superior sound quality and a noise-canceling ability beyond any other pair I’ve tried. I love that I can listen in noise-canceling mode when jamming out and then switch to ambient sound control to hear the world around me. How else will I know we’ve landed? 

Covergirl Clean Fresh Tinted Lip Balm

My toiletry bag is as minimalist as they come, complete with dual-purpose makeup like this Covergirl tinted lip balm . I discovered it after searching for the viral Clinique Black Honey Lipstick and found this $6 gem in the process. The pigmented wine-stained hue looks so good on and the hydrating formula is unparalleled. So instead of bringing a lip balm and lipstick, I just throw this one in my bag and call it a day. Psst , it looks so similar to the Clinique classic, too.  

Cadence Travel Body Set Capsule Containers

Travel-sized bottles have nothing on these Cadence capsule containers that have instantly become a favorite. Unlike drugstore bottles that have a small opening and end up leaking in your bag, these Cadence ones are quite the opposite. They have a wide mouth perfect for carrying lotions, thick creams, and body washes. They have a secure twist-top lid that comes complete with labeled tiles, so you know what’s in what. Plus, they have a magnetic design that keeps the capsules together. I’ve carried these with me on trips to Las Vegas, Miami, and even internationally to Mexico and Italy—and they’ve never failed. 

Etekcity Digital Luggage Scale

There are light packers, and then there’s me. I am not said light packer, which is why I need to carry a luggage scale with me on every trip. This digital luggage scale is ideal for solo travelers or single-person households because it allows you to lift luggage and check the weight right on the “handle” in lieu of using the outdated standing-on-the-scale method. And because it’s compact, I can stick it in my backpack or carry-on without worrying about it adding extra weight.

Travelpro Maxlite Air Medium Check-In Hardside Spinner

Week-long trips require more than a carry-on and less than a large suitcase, which is where this Goldilocks of checked luggage comes in. I wanted a lightweight piece for my Italy trip and opted for the Travelpro Maxlite Air suitcase ; it has a durable hard shell, a medium-sized construction, and a 9-pound build. Yes, it was a godsend while trekking up and down stairs in Venice. It’s available in several fun styles, including blue, pink, and red. However, I particularly like the green, which gives it a colorful touch without showing dirt, bumps, or bruises. 

Scout Little Big Mouth Makeup Bag

There are makeup bags, and then there are makeup bags . I use this Scout toiletry bag everyday, but it travels so nicely, I bring it on all my trips. It has a compact appearance, yet fits all of my skincare and makeup items thanks to its 6-inch capacity and three internal pockets. My favorite thing about the bag is its wire frame that expands out and keeps the top open, making it easy to grab my belongings without fishing for it. And because it’s made with a coated cotton material, the bag is a breeze to wipe down.   

Ouai Melrose Place Eau de Parfum Travel

I like putting on perfume when I’m out and about, but no one has the capacity to lug around a full-sized bottle on a trip. Small, travel-sized options, like this on-the-go Ouai eau de parfum , are the solution — especially when they smell as good as this one does! The .34-ounce perfume delivers fresh notes of rose, lychee, and white musk for a spa-like smell you’ll want to bathe in. The scent lasts a long time, even with just a few spritzes. The best part? While this is TSA-friendly, there’s no reason why you can’t throw it in your purse on your way to work, a date, or brunch, too.

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Did You Make Your Connecting Flight? You May Have A.I. to Thank.

Airlines are using artificial intelligence to save fuel, keep customers informed and hold connecting flights for delayed passengers. Here’s what to expect.

By Julie Weed

Last month in Chicago, a United Airlines flight to London was ready to depart, but it was still waiting for 13 passengers connecting from Costa Rica. The airline projected they’d miss the flight by seven minutes. Under normal circumstances, they’d all be scrambling to rebook.

But thanks to a new artificial-intelligence-powered tool called ConnectionSaver, the jet was able to wait for them — their checked bags, too — and still arrive in London on time. The system also sent text messages to the late-arriving passengers and the people on the waiting jet to explain what was happening.

A.I. still might not be able to find space for your carry-on, but it could help put an end to the 40-gate dash — sprinting to catch your connecting flight before the door slams shut — as well as other common travel headaches.

It’s not just United. Alaska Airlines , American Airlines and others have been working to develop new A.I. capabilities that could make flying easier for passengers. The carriers are also using the technology to reduce costs and streamline operations, including saving fuel, said Helane Becker, an airline industry analyst for the investment bank TD Cowen . Although many of the airlines are developing their programs independently, a successful innovation by any carrier could possibly become an industry standard.

A.I. is poised to change almost every aspect of the customer flying experience, from baggage tracking to personalized in-flight entertainment, said Jitender Mohan, who works with travel and hospitality clients at the technology consulting company WNS .

Saving fuel and frustration

A.I. has been helping Alaska Airlines dispatchers plan more efficient routes since 2021. “It’s like Google maps, but in the air,” explained Vikram Baskaran, vice president for information technology services at the carrier.

Two hours before a flight, the system reviews weather conditions, any airspace that will be closed, and all commercial and private flight plans registered with the Federal Aviation Administration, to suggest the most efficient route. The A.I. takes in “an amount of information no human brain could process,” said Pasha Saleh, the corporate development director and a pilot for Alaska.

In 2023, about 25 percent of Alaska flights used this system to shave a few minutes off flight times. Those efficiencies added up to about 41,000 minutes of flying time and half a million gallons of fuel saved, Mr. Baskaran said.

On the ground, American Airlines and others are working on an A.I.-powered system American calls Smart Gating — sending arriving aircraft to the nearest available gate with the shortest taxiing time, and if the scheduled arrival gate is in use, quickly determining the best alternate gate. All this could mean fewer frustrating minutes spent waiting on the tarmac.

American introduced Smart Gating at Dallas Fort Worth International Airport in 2021 and now employs it at six airports, including Chicago O’Hare and Miami International. The airline estimates it saves 17 hours a day in taxi time and 1.4 million gallons of jet fuel a year.

Mr. Mohan said that using A.I. as a virtual parking attendant could save up to 20 percent of taxiing time, with the highest benefits seen at the largest airports.

Faster and better customer service

Rapidly evolving generative A.I. — think ChatGPT — is helping airlines communicate with passengers better. At United, a companywide challenge last year yielded a plan to make texts sent to fliers more specific about what’s causing delays. Passengers can get frustrated when flights are delayed with no explanation, said Jason Birnbaum, United’s chief information officer.

But tracking the details required, composing an appropriate message and sending it to the right people for 5,000 flights a day would be too much for the staff to handle, Mr. Birnbaum said. Generative A.I. can process all that data and create messages tailored to conditions. For example, passengers booked on a January United flight from San Francisco to Tucson received this text message, along with a new departure time and an apology: “Your inbound aircraft is arriving late due to airport runway construction in San Francisco that limited the number of arrivals and departures for all airlines earlier.”

Having a more detailed explanation can calm travelers’ nerves. Jamie Larounis, a travel industry analyst who flies about 150,000 miles a year, recalled receiving text messages last summer explaining that a storm and a related crew-scheduling problem had delayed his flight from Chicago. “Getting a specific reason for the delay made me feel like the airline had things under control,” he said.

Generative A.I. is also good at summarizing text, making it a powerful tool for wading through emails. Last year, Alaska was among the carriers that began using A.I. to handle customer messages more efficiently. The airline’s system “reads” each email and summarizes the issues raised.

“We used to read first in first out, handling the requests as they came in,” said Mr. Baskaran, but now the system helps prioritize emails. For example, an urgent request involving an upcoming flight may take precedence over a complaint about a past one.

The system also helps a human agent decide how to respond, such as offering the customer a voucher, and it may draft an initial written response. “The person makes the decision, but it’s streamlined,” Mr. Baskaran said.

For all the benefits A.I. promises to airlines and passengers, the technology still has some shortcomings. For one, it doesn’t always deliver accurate information. In 2022, an Air Canada chatbot incorrectly promised a traveler that if he booked a full-fare flight to a relative’s funeral, he could receive a bereavement fare after the fact. When he filed a small-claims case, Air Canada tried to argue that the bot was its own separate entity, “responsible for its own actions,” but a tribunal found Air Canada responsible and ordered it to pay about $800 in damages and fees.

Still, as A.I. develops and airlines race to find more uses for it, passengers could see even more benefits. “As a customer and a business person, this is one of the biggest technology disruptions in the last five to eight years,” Mr. Mohan said.

Follow New York Times Travel on Instagram and sign up for our weekly Travel Dispatch newsletter to get expert tips on traveling smarter and inspiration for your next vacation. Dreaming up a future getaway or just armchair traveling? Check out our 52 Places to Go in 2024 .

An earlier version of this article, in a quotation from Vikram Baskaran, vice president for information technology services at Alaska Airlines, misstated the number of gallons of fuel an artificial-intelligence-powered planning system saved the airline in 2023. It was half a million, not half a billion.

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Open Up Your World

Considering a trip, or just some armchair traveling here are some ideas..

52 Places:  Why do we travel? For food, culture, adventure, natural beauty? Our 2024 list has all those elements, and more .

Mumbai:  Spend 36 hours in this fast-changing Indian city  by exploring ancient caves, catching a concert in a former textile mill and feasting on mangoes.

Kyoto:  The Japanese city’s dry gardens offer spots for quiet contemplation  in an increasingly overtouristed destination.

Iceland:  The country markets itself as a destination to see the northern lights. But they can be elusive, as one writer recently found .

Texas:  Canoeing the Rio Grande near Big Bend National Park can be magical. But as the river dries, it’s getting harder to find where a boat will actually float .

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Is Ginger Ale Your Go-To Drink on a Flight? Science Says This Could Be Why

• Ginger ale is a popular mid-flight beverage because of its taste and reputation for relieving stomach pain.
• Experts say there’s truth behind these claims since flying affects the tastebuds, and soda may be able to reduce nausea.
• However, ginger ale isn’t necessarily considered a “healthy” beverage and should be consumed in moderation.

For most people, sipping on a beverage during a flight is a non-negotiable. One drink in particular has garnered a fair amount of attention online, both for its alleged health benefits and improved taste while in the air: ginger ale.

“I would not be surprised if 80% of all ginger ale was consumed on airplanes,” one TikTok creator joked in a video. “The only correct times to drink ginger ale are when you’re on a plane, when you want to make an easy cocktail, or when you’ve been throwing up.”

Across social media platforms, people largely seem to be in agreement.

“I only drink ginger ale when I fly,” one Reddit user wrote . “Our taste buds work differently when we are in the air so our preferences will change while we are up there.”

Ginger ale is hailed for its superior taste while in the air, and ability to soothe any flight-related stomach issues. And though the claims may seem like urban legend, experts say there’s actually some truth behind them.

Here’s why you might find yourself reaching for a ginger ale during a flight and how the beverage affects your health.

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 How Flying Alters Your Taste Buds

People may only order ginger ale on planes because they feel like the drink tastes better while they’re flying. It’s not in your head—the flavor profile of ginger ale does actually change while you’re in the air.

This has to do with the way that air travel affects the tastebuds, explained Andrea Burdack-Freitag, a researcher at the Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics in Germany. She and her colleagues researched the subject back in 2011, and found that while on an airplane, food and drinks taste how they would if you had a cold.

“The altered low pressure in the passenger cabin under flight conditions changes the oxygen saturation the blood,” Burdack-Freitag told Health . “As a result, some of the olfactory and taste receptors become less efficient.”

This low pressure can make receptors for salty, sweet, and citrusy flavors less efficient, she explained, while those for bitter, sour, and earthy tastes are less impacted.

In addition to the low pressure, low humidity in the cabin can also play a role in the way things taste, Lisa R. Young, PhD, RDN , adjunct professor of nutrition and food studies at New York University, told Health .

“Dry air makes it more difficult to distinguish flavors,” she said. “Our sense of smell reduces, which affects the way we taste our food.”

Because of the way the plane environment affects our bodies, more salt and sugar has to be added to foods and desserts served on planes, Burdack-Freitag said.

But foods and drinks that are already packaged, or that can’t be adjusted, will taste slightly different.

“ Coffee is more bitter in flight than on the ground, white wines tend to be too acidic,” Burdack-Freitag said. “Light dishes such as fish dishes or light sauces are described as being too tasteless.”

With your taste buds struggling to get the full sugary flavor, ginger ale can take on a crisp, dry flavor that you won’t experience on land.

Beyond changes in your taste buds, other external factors could also impact the way your beverage tastes. Things such as ambient noise, smells on the plane, stress level, or lighting might change your experience.

The container you’re drinking your ginger ale out of—bottle, plastic cup, or something else—might make a difference, too, added Deborah Cohen, DCN,  an associate professor of clinical and preventive nutritional sciences at Rutgers University School of Health Professions.

Can Ginger Ale Relieve an Upset Stomach on a Flight?

In addition to its taste, many people request ginger ale on flights to help settle their stomachs or avoid nausea from motion sickness .

Ginger has been used to treat nausea and vomiting for centuries, and it can be helpful for some people who get motion sickness, Rudolph Bedford, MD , a gastroenterologist at Providence Saint John’s Health Center, told Health .

“The problem is that most ginger ale is not made with real ginger,” he said. Instead, it’s usually made with ginger essence, sugar, and other flavorings.

But that doesn’t mean the soda can’t help with nausea .

“It can help with an upset stomach and nausea when you have it in small sips,” Bedford explained.

When people “[expel] the carbonation” either by burping or farting, that can sometimes provide some stomach relief, he said.

If you’re interested in trying ginger ale to relieve symptoms of motion sickness, Bedford recommends taking it slow and seeing how you feel.

Ginger Ale Still Can’t Be Called a Health Drink

Ginger ale mid-flight might taste delicious or help soothe your stomach, but it’s important to remember that it’s still soda, experts said.

“Ginger ale is high in sugar,” Cohen told Health , noting that it contains around 33 grams of sugar per 12-ounce can.

To avoid this, people can try a diet ginger ale soda as an alternative, she recommended. But in general, staying away from soda altogether is always a healthier choice.

“It is best to stick to water for the best hydration while in the air,” said Cohen. “ Dehydration is a concern when flying, and it’s generally recommended that we drink plenty of water in flight.”

But if ginger ale is your go-to drink on an airplane—whether because of its flavor or anti-nausea effects—there’s little harm in enjoying it every now and again.

“Drinking one can of ginger ale on a flight is not a big deal,” Cohen said.

Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics. Everything tastes different in the air - the effects on the taste experience in the aircraft cabin .

USDA: FoodData Central. Beverages, carbonated, ginger ale .

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The Common Spot To Never Put Your Water Bottle On A Plane, Per A Flight Attendant

In this day and age, flight attendants aren't shy about exposing the worst parts of the job. Careless passenger mistakes may not top the list, but they're certainly a frustrating aspect that can cause a hassle for everyone. Whether you're a first-time flier or a seasoned traveler, there's a host of things flight attendants want you to stop doing . And as it turns out, water bottle etiquette is a hot topic.

In a 2024 TikTok video , a flight attendant explained why placing water bottles (or bottles containing other liquids) in the overhead bin is one of the worst in-flight mistakes. Putting your bottle in your backpack may seem like no biggie, but it could easily spill if stored in this common compartment. "Every single time, without fail, that water bottle — as soon as we take off — is going to leak all inside the bin," the flight attendant shared. "Not only does that soak everybody else's bags, but the water always picks one person and it'll follow a stream and completely dump out of the bin onto one person." Aside from preventing a wet mess, there's another important reason you should keep your water bottle out of the overhead compartment.

Why you should keep your water bottle by your side

Staying hydrated on an airplane is vital, so make sure your water bottle is within reach. According to the Aerospace Medical Association , cabin humidity typically drops to about 20%. The Environmental Protection Agency notes that an optimal range for indoor humidity is 30 to 50%. As a plane's humidity tends to be lower, the Aerospace Medical Association advises fliers to drink eight ounces of water per hour. So, for the purpose of hydration, why put your water bottle in the overhead bin where it's harder to access?

When it comes to in-flight drinking etiquette, you should consider what type of water bottle you're bringing. One flier took to TikTok to share a valuable lesson about using bottles with built-in straws. "What I did not account for was water pressure," she said. As soon as she opened the straw, water spurted all over her neighbors — "like 15 people," she said. One user commented, "I always untwist the cap to release the pressure before I open the straw." By taking steps to avoid these in-flight liquid mishaps, you won't need to worry about making a splash.

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Meta unveils travel mode for using Quest headsets during flights like Vision Pro

Update: Three weeks later, Meta has announced the feature alongside a new partnership with an airline. Original coverage from April 18 below…

Today I learned two things. First, apparently Meta Quest headsets don’t work on planes? I guess Apple knew to prioritize that feature for Vision Pro. And second, support is reportedly on the way. Add this to the list of ways competition from Vision Pro is making Meta Quest 3 a better product.

For April, Meta released software update v64 that makes Quest 3 passthrough more like Vision Pro, users say. Motion blur is more noticeable, but still clarity is increased. Meta has also added support for viewing spatial videos captured from iPhone 15 Pro.

Now Meta may be planning to introduce flight support as soon as v65 next month. Per @Lunayian on X ( via Nicholas Sutrich ), several code strings reference travel mode for use on a plane.

Early NUX render to introduce "Flight Mode" I found in Meta Quest OS v65 pic.twitter.com/oq2GzCiaZu — Luna (@Lunayian) April 18, 2024

Apple pushes watching movies and TV shows during flights as a key use case for Apple Vision Pro. It’s one of the first things you see at the top of Apple’s website currently.

Surely Meta has taken notice and prioritized travel mode as it positions Meta Quest 3 as a dramatically cheaper solution to Vision Pro with many of the same capabilities.

The most impactful change, however, would be around multitasking. Quest headsets are limited to three app windows at a time right now. Apple Vision Pro has plenty of other limitations, but there’s virtually no limit to how many windows can be placed around a room and used together.

• Zuckerberg says Meta Quest 3 is better than Apple Vision Pro
• Apple Vision Pro is already making the Meta Quest 3 better
• Vision Pro latency by far the best on passthrough; lags behind Meta on angular motion
• Meta confirms spatial video playback coming to Quest one day before Vision Pro launch

FTC: We use income earning auto affiliate links. More.

Check out 9to5Mac on YouTube for more Apple news:

Zac covers Apple news, hosts the 9to5Mac Happy Hour podcast, and created SpaceExplored.com.

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Airfares will likely be cheaper this summer — unless you're flying abroad

By Khristopher J. Brooks

May 9, 2023 / 6:05 PM EDT / MoneyWatch

Americans planning to take to the skies this summer can expect lower prices on domestic flights but pricier fares for international trips, according to travel booking app Hopper. 

The average ticket price for a flight within the U.S. will be $306, down from $376 last summer, while peaking at about $349 around the July 4 holiday, Hopper  forecast . By comparison, a ticket overseas will cost between $1,000 and $2,000 because more Americans are itching to visit foreign destinations like Rome, Seoul and Istanbul, Hopper said. 

"Many people who couldn't travel during the pandemic decided that is the one thing they really wanted to do when lockdowns ended," Clint Henderson, managing editor at travel news website The Points Guy, told CBS MoneyWatch. "People have been saving their travel dollars — and points and miles — for several years, and they are ready to spend on seeing new places. Some folks haven't seen their families in several years and they are traveling now, too."

Much pricier to fly overseas

Airfares on international flights are projected to hit their highest level since 2019, before the pandemic grounded most vacation travel, Hopper said. Tickets to Europe and Asia alone have jumped $300 compared to last summer. 

The average ticket to Europe will cost around $1,100 each, up sharply from $861 in 2019, while average prices to Asia will top $1,800 per ticket, up from $1,121 in 2019, according to Hopper. The average air ticket to Africa or the Middle East will cost around $1,454, up from $1,236 in 2019, and a trip to Australia and surrounding nations is expected to average $1,709, up from $1,128 in 2019, the app predicts.

Three reasons explain it's getting more expensive to fly overseas, said Hopper economist Hayley Berg. First, the cost of jet fuel has jumped since the pandemic, with airlines passing along some of the added cost to travelers. The cost of jet fuel this month is about $91 a barrel, compared to $15 a barrel in May 2020, according to International Air Transport Association data .

"Though fuel costs have improved considerably in the last 15 months, prices remain the highest they've been since late 2014," Berg said in a statement. "Higher fuel costs will continue to put upward pressure on airfares, especially on expensive long haul international routes."

Airlines also haven't increased seat capacity on planes despite rising demand, further pushing up prices. Finally, Berg said Americans are aching to fly overseas because 2023 marks the first full summer that international destinations will have lifted their pandemic protocols. 

Khristopher J. Brooks is a reporter for CBS MoneyWatch. He previously worked as a reporter for the Omaha World-Herald, Newsday and the Florida Times-Union. His reporting primarily focuses on the U.S. housing market, the business of sports and bankruptcy.

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