travel management training

Corporate Travel Management Training Course

Edstellar's Travel Management instructor-led training equips professionals with the skills to secure favorable deals with travel suppliers, track expenses in accordance with organizational policies and regulations. Upskill your teams and streamline the process of arranging business trips, ensuring efficiency and effectiveness.

Travel Management Corporate Training Course

Drive Team Excellence with Travel Management Training for Employees

Empower your teams with expert-led on-site/in-house or virtual/online Travel Management Training through Edstellar, a premier corporate training company for organizations globally. Our tailored Travel Management corporate training course equips your employees with the skills, knowledge, and cutting-edge tools needed for success. Designed to meet your specific needs, this Travel Management group training program ensures your team is primed to drive your business goals. Transform your workforce into a beacon of productivity and efficiency.

Travel management oversees and coordinates various aspects of business travel, including booking accommodations, arranging transportation, managing expenses, and ensuring compliance with organizational policies and regulations. It enhances employee satisfaction and morale by enabling professionals to focus on their work responsibilities without the stress of managing travel logistics. Travel management training ensures efficient, cost-effective, and compliant travel arrangements, enhancing organizational productivity and minimizing risks associated with travel.

Edstellar's Travel Management instructor-led training course equips professionals with techniques for itinerary planning, booking procedures, expense management, and compliance with travel policies. This virtual/onsite Travel Management training course led by veteran trainers offers customized sessions to ensure professionals can effectively navigate travel planning, booking, and expense management.

Key Skills Teams Gain Through Travel Management Training

Travel Management skills corporate training will enable teams to effectively apply their learnings at work.

• Itinerary Planning
• Reservation Management
• Expense Reporting
• Vendor Negotiation
• Travel Policy Compliance
• Crisis Management

Travel Management Training for Employees: Key Learning Outcomes

Edstellar’s Travel Management training for employees will not only help your teams to acquire fundamental skills but also attain invaluable learning outcomes, enhancing their proficiency and enabling application of knowledge in a professional environment. By completing our Travel Management workshop, teams will to master essential Travel Management and also focus on introducing key concepts and principles related to Travel Management at work.

Employees who complete Travel Management training will be able to:

• Identify and analyze travel needs and preferences to efficiently plan and organize travel arrangements
• Evaluate and compare different travel options, including transportation, accommodation, and itinerary choices, to optimize cost-effectiveness and convenience
• Utilize travel booking platforms and tools effectively to make reservations, manage bookings, and handle changes or cancellations efficiently
• Implement strategies for managing travel-related risks and emergencies, ensuring traveler safety and security
• Develop strong communication and negotiation skills to liaise effectively with travel suppliers, vendors, and clients to negotiate favorable terms and resolve issues
• Apply knowledge of travel policies, regulations, and compliance requirements to ensure adherence and mitigate legal and financial risks
• Employ problem-solving and decision-making skills to address unforeseen challenges or disruptions during travel and adapt plans accordingly

Key Benefits of the Travel Management Corporate Training

Attending our Travel Management classes tailored for corporations offers numerous advantages. Through our on-site/in-house or virtual/online Travel Management training classes, participants will gain confidence and comprehensive insights, enhance their skills, and gain a deeper understanding of Travel Management.

• Empowers professionals with the skills to navigate booking procedures and manage travel expenses effectively
• Develops required skills in professionals for ensuring traveler safety and well-being during trips
• Provides insights into leveraging technology and tools for streamlining travel processes and enhancing traveler experience
• Instills ideas in professionals for optimizing cost savings through strategic negotiation with travel vendors and suppliers
• Enhances communication and collaboration among stakeholders involved in travel management
• Streamlines compliance with travel policies and regulations, minimizing risks and ensuring corporate governance
• Enables proactive risk management and contingency planning for unexpected travel disruptions or emergencies
• Definition of travel management
• Importance of effective travel management
• Key players in the travel industry
• Trends and developments in travel management

Travel Document Control and its Importance

• Types of travel documents
• Legal and regulatory requirements for travel documentation
• Document verification and authentication
• Record-keeping and documentation compliance

Travel Management Operations 1

• Assessing travel needs and requirements
• Itinerary planning and scheduling
• Reservation systems and platforms
• Ticketing and booking confirmation processes

Travel Management Operations 2

• Modes of transportation (air, rail, road, sea)
• Transport logistics and route planning
• Hotel booking and accommodation options
• Accommodation preferences and special requests

Finance for Travel Management Administrators

• Travel expense management
• Cost analysis and budget allocation
• Expense reporting systems
• Financial performance metrics and analysis

Interpersonal Skills for Travel Administrators

• Understanding customer needs and expectations
• Effective communication with travelers
• Managing customer complaints and issues
• Problem-solving techniques for travel administrators

Communication Skills for Travel Administrators

• Verbal and written communication skills
• Communication channels and platforms
• Writing clear and concise emails
• Handling phone calls professionally

Performance Management and Use of Technology

• Key performance indicators for travel management
• Performance measurement and evaluation methods
• Travel management software and applications
• Automation and digitalization in travel administration

This Corporate Training for Travel Management is ideal for:

What sets us apart, travel management corporate training prices.

Our Travel Management training for enterprise teams is tailored to your specific upskilling needs. Explore transparent pricing options that fit your training budget, whether you're training a small group or a large team. Discover more about our Travel Management training cost and take the first step toward maximizing your team's potential.

Request for a quote to know about our Travel Management corporate training cost and plan the training initiative for your teams. Our cost-effective Travel Management training pricing ensures you receive the highest value on your investment.

Our customized corporate training packages offer various benefits. Maximize your organization's training budget and save big on your Travel Management training by choosing one of our training packages. This option is best suited for organizations with multiple training requirements. Our training packages are a cost-effective way to scale up your workforce skill transformation efforts..

125 licenses

64 hours of training (includes VILT/In-person On-site)

Tailored for SMBs

350 licenses

160 hours of training (includes VILT/In-person On-site)

Ideal for growing SMBs

900 licenses

400 hours of training (includes VILT/In-person On-site)

Designed for large corporations

Unlimited licenses

Unlimited duration

Travel Management Course Completion Certificate

Upon successful completion of the Travel Management training course offered by Edstellar, employees receive a course completion certificate, symbolizing their dedication to ongoing learning and professional development. This certificate validates the employees' acquired skills and serves as a powerful motivator, inspiring them to further enhance their expertise and contribute effectively to organizational success.

Target Audience for Travel Management Training Course

The Travel Management training course is ideal for administrative assistants, travel coordinators, office managers, and executive assistants.

The Travel Management training program can also be taken by professionals at various levels in the organization.

Travel Management training for managers

Travel Management training for staff

Travel Management training for leaders

Travel Management training for executives

Travel Management training for workers

Travel Management training for businesses

Travel Management training for beginners

Travel Management group training

Travel Management training for teams

Travel Management short course

Prerequisites for Travel Management Training

Professionals with a basic understanding of travel booking systems, and proficiency in communication skills can take up the Travel Management training course.

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Bringing you the best travel management trainers in the industry.

The instructor-led Travel Management training is conducted by certified trainers with extensive expertise in the field. Participants will benefit from the instructor's vast knowledge, gaining valuable insights and practical skills essential for success in Travel Management Access practices.

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Training delivery modes for travel management group training.

At Edstellar, we understand the importance of impactful and engaging training for employees. To ensure the training is more interactive, we offer Face-to-Face onsite/in-house or virtual/online Travel Management training for companies. This method has proven to be the most effective, outcome-oriented and well-rounded training experience to get the best training results for your teams.

Instructor-led Training

Engaging and flexible online sessions delivered live, allowing professionals to connect, learn, and grow from anywhere in the world.

Customized, face-to-face learning experiences held at your organization's location, tailored to meet your team's unique needs and objectives.

Interactive workshops and seminars conducted at external venues, offering immersive learning away from the workplace to foster team building and focus.

Other Related Corporate Training Courses

Edstellar is a one-stop instructor-led corporate training and coaching solution that addresses organizational upskilling and talent transformation needs globally. Edstellar offers 1000+ tailored programs across disciplines that include Technical, Behavioral, Management, Compliance, Leadership and Social Impact

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Corporate Travel Manager Training & Community

Egencia connect community and training.

If you are a business travel manager, you’ve likely taken on an expanded leadership role and added responsibilities since the start of the pandemic. In the current climate, no matter the size or location of your company, travel decisions are part of senior strategic conversations and companies are facing tough choices such as balancing traveler wellbeing with a return to business travel. Travel managers like you are increasingly playing a critical role in shaping the approach and culture of your corporate travel programs.

While 50% of the customers at Egencia agree that travel risk concerns are delaying their return to travel, 90% believe their companies will resume some level of business travel before January 2021. More than ever, they need support from trusted partners who can bring the very latest information, knowledge and thinking to help inform a number of critical short and longer-term decisions.

With this in mind, Egencia recently launched an advanced Egencia Connect Community and the new courses added to Expedia Group Academy related to corporate travel management available to travel managers worldwide. These tools will allow you to share knowledge and access best practice resources and education programs, which will support you when leading your organization through the significant shifts in business travel due to COVID-19.

Advanced Egencia Connect Community

The Egencia Connect Community has been around since 2017 to facilitate collaboration between travel managers, share best practices and provide feedback on Egencia innovations. With the newly enhanced community, Egencia customers can now ask questions to Egencia directly, query the Egencia knowledge base, engage in topical discussions and join product pilot programs.

And the Connect Community is not only for existing customers. Any travel manager globally is welcome to engage in learning topics and will soon be able to access peer-to-peer networking and global travel alerts.

Corporate Travel Management Training

The new Corporate Travel Management Training , launched as part of the Expedia Group Academy, focuses on sharing the deep travel expertise across Egencia and Expedia Group with the entire global travel manager community.

The training includes business courses where you’ll gain insights into the fundamentals of business travel, from creating a travel program strategy to maximizing travel budget, and leadership courses, where you’ll acquire practical knowledge on how to manage business travel in the era of COVID-19. Together, these courses will give you the knowledge to guide your organization back to business travel and overall business growth.

Looking ahead

Business travel is now a more far reaching challenge with new expectations that push you to prepare, plan, coordinate and constantly monitor progress. This is why, more than ever before, the business travel community must come together to support each other, share best practices and enhance our skills. Together, travel managers can strengthen their collective position within their organizations and pave the way for their companies to thrive through this uncertain period.

Looking for better business travel solutions? Get in touch with us.

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Zoe Talent Solutions

Travel management training course.

Course Overview

Course outline, book classes now.

What is Travel Management? Who is responsible to manage the travel activities within an organization? Travel management is the management of business-related travel activities and expenses. It may include tracking and reporting on the travel activities of an organization.

Travel management also covers financial and safety considerations of corporate travel. Executive leaders usually run on time crisis. Smart executives plan this in advance and assign dedicated assistants or secretaries to do the planning for them.

Efficient organizations realize that in order to reach maximum yield and productivity, they will need the help of a dependable assistant who can take up responsibilities and proactive steps. Travel Management is one of the core responsibilities of such assistants that requires extreme planning and coordination.

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• Administration and Office Management Program
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The more an organization sends its employees on business trips, the more complex the planning and managing of corporate travel becomes. A travel management administrator researches and books domestic and international flights, road movement and transportation, hotel accommodation bookings, and guides the officials with their destination information.

Knowledge of appropriate flight regulations and travel documentation is vital for a travel administrator. Due to ever-changing schedules and business meetings, a travel administrator has to be an outstanding organizer and communicator.

He or she must develop the skills of a multi-tasker and a problem-solver. Such administrators may be required to work beyond business hours and work under pressure of deadlines. Any miss from a travel administrator could financially cost the organization.

Zoe Talent Solutions has developed this up-to-date training program on Travel Management to assist administrators, secretaries, assistants to make travel processes simpler for corporate travel of managers, executives, and business officials.

This course will help administrators draft detailed itineraries that fit the budgets and schedules of the executives and employees who plan to travel. They will learn skills to build and maintain relevant travel-related files and databases.

They are required to constantly stay in communication with employees, vendors, and venues for perfect coordination. Interpersonal skills will also be covered under this program.

Course Objectives

By the end of the Travel Management Training Course, participants of this training program will be able to:

• Draft and implement organizations corporate travel policies
• Manage travel requirements and arrangements
• Ensure travel documentation is complied to as per company and travel compliance
• Coordinate for hotel accommodation bookings
• Consider safety procedures required between destinations
• Oversee organizational travel budgets and expenses
• Manage reimbursements of travel expenses by employees
• Effectively coordinate with travel agencies, vendors and dealers
• Learn effective ways to research cost-effective options through the internet
• Develop skills to create vendor relationships and network
• Gain the skills of filing, documentation and records management
• Develop their interpersonal and coordination skills

Training Methodology

Zoe Talent Solutions has developed this highly up-to-date training program on the Travel Management Training Course for professional Administrators, Secretaries, and Assistants who look to have in-depth learning on the best practices of Travel Management for their organizations and offices.

This workshop is based on the adult learning concept and various case studies, practical scenarios, and other activities are used to inculcate the learning objectives. A customized course can be designed if the organization or individuals have specific learning requirements.

Zoe Talent Solutions follows the Do–Review–Learn–Apply Model in all our training programs, including a pre-course and post-course evaluation to ensure participant learning objectives are met.

Organisational Benefits

Organizational benefits of employees who take up the Travel Management Training Course will be as below:

• Participants will be highly organized in their work
• Offices and administration is more efficient in their processes
• There are specialists to ensure that no details of the travel are missed out
• Important time is saved for the Executives and officials planning to travel
• Managers can focus on other core tasks and business meetings
• There is cost-saving as the travel administrator will go for the best deals available
• There is reduced stress and chaos within the organization as the travel specialists will handle all travel-related activities and coordination
• The travel management is centralized as a department
• The organization is more process-driven and there are fewer flaws and errors
• Effective tracking and reporting is managed within the organization

Personal Benefits

Participants who enroll in this Travel Management Training Course will benefit in the below ways:

• They become specialists in coordinating activities
• They are better communicators and negotiators
• They become an inevitable link for the commuter
• Get better in their interpersonal skills
• They become better planners and decision-makers
• They develop critical thinking and are problem-solvers
• Develop competencies to become more proactive in every area of life

Who Should Attend?

This course is suitable for administrators, secretaries, personal assistants, and executives who undertake responsibilities of planning and coordinating of travel activities of a top management officer, department, or an organization as a whole.

This program will also help individuals looking to build their career in the Travel Industry or specialize in this area to develop their role within an organization.

Below are the course modules that would be covered during the Travel Management Training Course:

Module 1: Understanding Travel Management

• Role and responsibilities a Travel Administrator
• Drafting travel policies and procedures
• Setting up Travel management structures and processes
• Travel rules and regulations globally
• Travel Industry: Demand and supply
• Monitoring Travel engagements

Module 2: Travel Document Control and it’s Importance

• Important documentation knowledge
• Documents necessary for domestic and international travel
• Managing passports and processing visas
• Obligating to travel compliance regulations
• Knowledge of International immigration rules
• Importance of Document Control

Module 3: Travel Management Operations 1

• Bookings and Reservations
• Understanding global time zones and time differences
• Destination and local holidays and its influence
• Airline and vendor cancellations policies
• Travel Insurance management
• Selecting the right Insurance policy as per travel requirements
• Health, safety and security management

Module 4: Travel Management Operations 2

• Consideration factors in booking hotel accommodations
• Creating hotels and vendor database
• Managing car rentals and office fleet
• Understanding payment methods and exchange rates
• Methods to research and findings aimed towards cost-cutting

Module 5: Finance for Travel Management Administrators

• Budgeting and working within budgets: Basics
• Authorization and approvals
• Monitoring Travel expenditure
• Managing travellers allowances and expenses
• Filing expense receipts
• Claims and Reimbursements
• Cost control aiming towards legitimate expenses

Module 6: Interpersonal Skills for Travel Administrators

• Monitoring effectiveness of travel management function
• Managing external vendors
• Ensuring service quality
• Resources and Tools that require a smooth functioning
• Building strong relations with suppliers, agents, and vendors
• Establishing connections with Embassies and Authorities
• Influencing and Negotiation Skills
• Planning for unexpected crisis

Module 7: Communication Skills for Travel Administrators

• Efficient Communication Skills
• Active listening and comprehending skills
• Questioning to understand
• Dealing with difficult people
• Handling Travel emergencies
• Conflict Resolution
• Decision-making and problem-solving skills

Module 8: Performance Management and Use of Technology

• Performance KPI’s of Travel management departments
• Statistics of organizational Travel Activities
• SWOT Analysis and cutting costs
• Maintaining records, documentations, and filings systems
• Use of organization effective ERP systems
• Travel Management Information System
• New technologies and integrated applications

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Customized Schedule is available for all courses irrespective of dates on the Calendar. Please get in touch with us for details.

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Egencia Academy

How to manage the new dynamics of business travel

Egencia Academy will guide you through four courses covering business travel fundamentals, crisis management, suppliers, and advanced business travel management concepts.

A message from mark hollyhead, chief product officer and president of egencia.

We want to bring best practices and thought leadership to anyone who wants it. We have built the Egencia Academy which is an opportunity to educate anyone in the world of travel management about what it takes to manage the new dynamics of business travel inside an organization in this increasingly difficult and complex global environment. The series of modules in leadership development will enable you to better manage your stakeholders in your organization. We hope you find this information useful as you look to think differently about your role in business travel.

Begin Egencia Academy Trainings below:

• Business Travel Fundamentals
• Business travel management during a crisis
• Business travel suppliers
• Advanced business travel management
• Introduction
• Training 1: The role of the travel manager
• Training 2: The value of a travel management company
• Training 3: Why manage business travel?
• Training 4: How to manage business travel?
• Training 1: Business travel risk management
• Training 2: Traveler well-being
• Training 3: Business travel – a key to recovery
• Training 4: Communication Strategy
• Training 1: Airlines
• Training 2: Hotels
• Training 3: Rail
• Training 4: Car Rental
• Training 5: Build Successful Partnerships
• Training 1: Optimize Travel Spend
• Training 2: Sustainability
• Training 3: Payments
• Training 4: Partners

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Federal Travel: An Overview

Who Should Attend

This course is designed for travel managers, travel specialists, uniformed service members, administrative professionals, support staff, frequent travelers, authorizing, approving and certifying officials, budget officers, fund managers, travel document preparers and/or reviewers. 

Course Overview

Course objectives.

• Acquire fundamental Federal and DoD travel management knowledge and skills  
• Explore the basic concepts of the travel management process  
• Develop practical knowledge of key regulations, including the Federal Travel Regulations (FTR) and the Joint Travel Regulations (JTR), which govern Federal and DoD travel  
• Gain an understanding of the terms and phrases utilized in the travel process  
• Learn how to plan and account for airfare, train, hotels, rental car, meals, and incidental expenses    
• Understand the appropriate use of the government travel card  
• Review the rules involving time cards and travel
• Understand travel, transportation, and relocation allowances  
• Learn travel expense management (funds control - commitment, obligation, disbursement, adjustment of funds)  
• Understand Relocation Income Tax Allowances (RITA)  
• Recognize the appropriate utilization of the Actual Expense Allowance  
• Gain practical travel management experience through hands-on exercises and in-depth discussions
• The Administrative Officer

Learn. Educate. Succeed

Traininng.com is a provider of world class online professional training in the areas of regulatory compliance and healthcare. Traininng.com is the preferred learning destination for professionals from around the world. Traininng.com is a knowledge platform that seeks to help professionals learn, educate and succeed in their areas of work, and to bridge gaps.

With its vast pool of hundreds of highly accomplished and distinguished experts, Traininng.com has offered professional training to thousands of professionals, which has helped them to get sharp insights about the nature of regulatory compliance requirements in their areas of work. This kind of clarity is the foundation to helping them grasp and implement the exact requirements set out in the regulations by the regulatory agencies.

Traininng.com seeks to be a training partner and solution provider to professionals around the world. With Traininng.com's online professional courses; professionals are in a better position to clear regulatory hurdles to their work. The training courses offered by Traininng.com give regulatory professionals greater confidence in comprehending regulatory issues and addressing pain areas relating to them. With the help of Traininng.com's courses, they become equipped to create high quality, trustworthy offerings that help them earn their customers' respect and loyalty.

Why Traininng.com?

Traininng.com has trained thousands of professionals from around the globe through its online web seminars (webinars), which are offered in both live and recorded formats. The training that Traininng.com offers carries several advantages:

The training courses are flexible: professionals can take up a training course at a time of their suitability

They are convenient: professionals who take up online webinars from Traininng.com can do so from the utmost comfort of their preferred location. They don't have to travel miles to have their training needs met

Traininng.com's courses are highly relevant to the industry: since Traininng.com's courses are designed and developed by industry experts, there is no better way to learn to understand the needs of the industry than through these experts. Many of Traininng.com's experts have worked with regulatory agencies such as the FDA and the EMA, and have actively participated in the formulation of many regulations passed by these agencies.

Active interaction with the experts: another of the major advantages of training with Traininng.com is that the expert is always there to handhold the participant. The professional can raise any doubt in the training session and have it clarified, or can do so after the training is over. Traininng.com facilitates a high degree of participation and interaction at its training sessions. This is why our participants come back repeatedly for more.

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Traininng.com offers professional training in a vast number of specialized areas. These are among the many areas on which Traininng.com offers learning:

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• EaseMyTrip, SIDBI & Uttarakhand Tourism launch Homestay Entrepreneurship Programme

Initiated in April and running through May, the program targets 150 homestay owners, providing them with essential training in hospitality management and sustainable practices. The curriculum combines classroom learning with practical sessions and culminates in a certification from EaseMyTrip, Small Industries Development Bank of India, and the Uttarakhand Tourism Development Board.

• Online Bureau ,
• ETTravelWorld
• Updated On May 15, 2024 at 03:33 AM IST

Portals of Kedarnath temple open for devotees after six-month gap

The opening of Kedarnath, Gangotri, and Yamunotri took place on the auspicious occasion of Akshay Tritiya, while Badrinath Dham will open on May 12. Helicopters showered petals on the Kedarnath shrine as its doors opened. These high-altitude shrines remain closed for six months each year, opening in summer and closing at the onset of winter.

• By Online Bureau ,
• Published On May 14, 2024 at 02:31 PM IST

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Evaluation of integrated community case management of the common childhood illness program in Gondar city, northwest Ethiopia: a case study evaluation design

• Mekides Geta 1 ,
• Geta Asrade Alemayehu 2 ,
• Wubshet Debebe Negash 2 ,
• Tadele Biresaw Belachew 2 ,
• Chalie Tadie Tsehay 2 &
• Getachew Teshale 2  

BMC Pediatrics volume  24 , Article number:  310 ( 2024 ) Cite this article

89 Accesses

Metrics details

Integrated Community Case Management (ICCM) of common childhood illness is one of the global initiatives to reduce mortality among under-five children by two-thirds. It is also implemented in Ethiopia to improve community access and coverage of health services. However, as per our best knowledge the implementation status of integrated community case management in the study area is not well evaluated. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the implementation status of the integrated community case management program in Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia.

A single case study design with mixed methods was employed to evaluate the process of integrated community case management for common childhood illness in Gondar town from March 17 to April 17, 2022. The availability, compliance, and acceptability dimensions of the program implementation were evaluated using 49 indicators. In this evaluation, 484 mothers or caregivers participated in exit interviews; 230 records were reviewed, 21 key informants were interviewed; and 42 observations were included. To identify the predictor variables associated with acceptability, we used a multivariable logistic regression analysis. Statistically significant variables were identified based on the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and p-value. The qualitative data was recorded, transcribed, and translated into English, and thematic analysis was carried out.

The overall implementation of integrated community case management was 81.5%, of which availability (84.2%), compliance (83.1%), and acceptability (75.3%) contributed. Some drugs and medical equipment, like Cotrimoxazole, vitamin K, a timer, and a resuscitation bag, were stocked out. Health care providers complained that lack of refreshment training and continuous supportive supervision was the common challenges that led to a skill gap for effective program delivery. Educational status (primary AOR = 0.27, 95% CI:0.11–0.52), secondary AOR = 0.16, 95% CI:0.07–0.39), and college and above AOR = 0.08, 95% CI:0.07–0.39), prescribed drug availability (AOR = 2.17, 95% CI:1.14–4.10), travel time to the to the ICCM site (AOR = 3.8, 95% CI:1.99–7.35), and waiting time (AOR = 2.80, 95% CI:1.16–6.79) were factors associated with the acceptability of the program by caregivers.

Conclusion and recommendation

The overall implementation status of the integrated community case management program was judged as good. However, there were gaps observed in the assessment, classification, and treatment of diseases. Educational status, availability of the prescribed drugs, waiting time and travel time to integrated community case management sites were factors associated with the program acceptability. Continuous supportive supervision for health facilities, refreshment training for HEW’s to maximize compliance, construction clean water sources for HPs, and conducting longitudinal studies for the future are the forwarded recommendation.

Peer Review reports

Integrated Community Case Management (ICCM) is a critical public health strategy for expanding the coverage of quality child care services [ 1 , 2 ]. It mainly concentrated on curative care and also on the diagnosis, treatment, and referral of children who are ill with infectious diseases [ 3 , 4 ].

Based on the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) recommendations, Ethiopia adopted and implemented a national policy supporting community-based treatment of common childhood illnesses like pneumonia, Diarrhea, uncomplicated malnutrition, malaria and other febrile illness and Amhara region was one the piloted regions in late 2010 [ 5 ]. The Ethiopian primary healthcare units, established at district levels include primary hospitals, health centers (HCs), and health posts (HPs). The HPs are run by Health Extension Workers (HEWs), and they have function of monitoring health programs and disease occurrence, providing health education, essential primary care services, and timely referrals to HCs [ 6 , 7 ]. The Health Extension Program (HEP) uses task shifting and community ownership to provide essential health services at the first level using the health development army and a network of woman volunteers. These groups are organized to promote health and prevent diseases through community participation and empowerment by identifying the salient local bottlenecks which hinder vital maternal, neonatal, and child health service utilization [ 8 , 9 ].

One of the key steps to enhance the clinical case of health extension staff is to encourage better growth and development among under-five children by health extension. Healthy family and neighborhood practices are also encouraged [ 10 , 11 ]. The program also combines immunization, community-based feeding, vitamin A and de-worming with multiple preventive measures [ 12 , 13 ]. Now a days rapidly scaling up of ICCM approach to efficiently manage the most common causes of morbidity and mortality of children under the age of five in an integrated manner at the community level is required [ 14 , 15 ].

Over 5.3 million children are died at a global level in 2018 and most causes (75%) are preventable or treatable diseases such as pneumonia, malaria and diarrhea [ 16 ]. About 99% of the global burden of mortality and morbidity of under-five children which exists in developing countries are due to common childhood diseases such as pneumonia, diarrhea, malaria and malnutrition [ 17 ].

In 2013, the mortality rate of under-five children in Sub-Saharan Africa decreased to 86 deaths per 1000 live birth and estimated to be 25 per 1000live births by 2030. However, it is a huge figure and the trends are not sufficient to reach the target [ 18 ]. About half of global under-five deaths occurred in sub-Saharan Africa. And from the top 26 nations burdened with 80% of the world’s under-five deaths, 19 are in sub-Saharan Africa [ 19 ].

To alleviate the burden, the Ethiopian government tries to deliver basic child care services at the community level by trained health extension workers. The program improves the health of the children not only in Ethiopia but also in some African nations. Despite its proven benefits, the program implementation had several challenges, in particular, non-adherence to the national guidelines among health care workers [ 20 ]. Addressing those challenges could further improve the program performance. Present treatment levels in sub-Saharan Africa are unacceptably poor; only 39% of children receive proper diarrhea treatment, 13% of children with suspected pneumonia receive antibiotics, 13% of children with fever receive a finger/heel stick to screen for malaria [ 21 ].

To improve the program performance, program gaps should be identified through scientific evaluations and stakeholder involvement. This evaluation not only identify gaps but also forward recommendations for the observed gaps. Furthermore, the implementation status of ICCM of common childhood illnesses has not been evaluated in the study area yet. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the implementation status of integrated community case management program implementation in Gondar town, northwest Ethiopia. The findings may be used by policy makers, healthcare providers, funders and researchers.

Method and material

Evaluation design and settings.

A single-case study design with concurrent mixed-methods evaluation was conducted in Gondar city, northwest Ethiopia, from March 17 to April 17, 2022. The evaluability assessment was done from December 15–30, 2021. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected concurrently, analyzed separately, and integrated at the result interpretation phase.

The evaluation area, Gondar City, is located in northwest Ethiopia, 740 km from Addis Ababa, the capital city of the country. It has six sub-cities and thirty-six kebeles (25 urban and 11 rural). In 2019, the estimated total population of the town was 338,646, and 58,519 (17.3%) were under-five children. In the town there are eight public health centers and 14 health posts serving the population. All health posts provide ICCM service for more than 70,852 populations.

Evaluation approach and dimensions

Program stakeholders.

The evaluation followed a formative participatory approach by engaging the potential stakeholders in the program. Prior to the development of the proposal, an extensive discussion was held with the Gondar City Health Department to identify other key stakeholders in the program. Service providers at each health facility (HCs and HPs), caretakers of sick children, the Gondar City Health Office (GCHO), the Amhara Regional Health Bureau (ARHB), the Minister of Health (MoH), and NGOs (IFHP and Save the Children) were considered key stakeholders. During the Evaluability Assessment (EA), the stakeholders were involved in the development of evaluation questions, objectives, indicators, and judgment criteria of the evaluation.

Evaluation dimensions

The availability and acceptability dimensions from the access framework [ 22 ] and compliance dimension from the fidelity framework [ 23 ] were used to evaluate the implementation of ICCM.

Population and samplings

All under-five children and their caregivers attended at the HPs; program implementers (health extension workers, healthcare providers, healthcare managers, PHCU focal persons, MCH coordinators, and other stakeholders); and ICCM records and registries in the health posts of Gondar city administration were included in the evaluation. For quantitative data, the required sample size was proportionally allocated for each health post based on the number of cases served in the recent one month. But the qualitative sample size was determined by data saturation, and the samples were selected purposefully.

The data sources and sample size for the compliance dimension were all administrative records/reports and ICCM registration books (230 documents) in all health posts registered from December 1, 2021, to February 30, 2022 (three months retrospectively) included in the evaluation. The registries were assessed starting from the most recent registration number until the required sample size was obtained for each health post.

The sample size to measure the mothers’/caregivers’ acceptability towards ICCM was calculated by taking prevalence of caregivers’ satisfaction on ICCM program p  = 74% from previously similar study [ 24 ] and considering standard error 4% at 95% CI and 10% non- responses, which gave 508. Except those who were seriously ill, all caregivers attending the ICCM sites during data collection were selected and interviewed consecutively.

The availability of required supplies, materials and human resources for the program were assessed in all 14HPs. The data collectors observed the health posts and collected required data by using a resources inventory checklist.

A total of 70 non-participatory patient-provider interactions were also observed. The observations were conducted per each health post and for health posts which have more than one health extension workers one of them were selected randomly. The observation findings were used to triangulate the findings obtained through other data collection techniques. Since people may act accordingly to the standards when they know they are observed for their activities, we discarded the first two observations from analysis. It is one of the strategies to minimize the Hawthorne effect of the study. Finally a total of 42 (3 in each HPs) observations were included in the analysis.

Twenty one key informants (14 HEWs, 3 PHCU focal person, 3 health center heads and one MCH coordinator) were interviewed. These key informants were selected since they are assumed to be best teachers in the program. Besides originally developed key informant interview questions, the data collectors probed them to get more detail and clear information.

Variables and measurement

The availability of resources, including trained healthcare workers, was examined using 17 indicators, with weighted score of 35%. Compliance was used to assess HEWs’ adherence to the ICCM treatment guidelines by observing patient-provider interactions and conducting document reviews. We used 18 indicators and a weighted value of 40%.

Mothers’ /caregivers’/ acceptance of ICCM service was examined using 14 indicators and had a weighted score of 25%. The indicators were developed with a five-point Likert scale (1: strongly disagree, 2: disagree, 3: neutral, 4: agree and 5: strongly agree). The cut off point for this categorization was calculated using the demarcation threshold formula: ( \(\frac{\text{t}\text{o}\text{t}\text{a}\text{l}\, \text{h}\text{i}\text{g}\text{h}\text{e}\text{s}\text{t}\, \text{s}\text{c}\text{o}\text{r}\text{e}-\,\text{t}\text{o}\text{t}\text{a}\text{l}\, \text{l}\text{o}\text{w}\text{e}\text{s}\text{t} \,\text{s}\text{c}\text{o}\text{r}\text{e}}{2}) +total lowest score\) ( 25 – 27 ). Those mothers/caregivers/ who scored above cut point (42) were considered as “satisfied”, otherwise “dissatisfied”. The indicators were adapted from the national ICCM and IMNCI implementation guideline and other related evaluations with the participation of stakeholders. Indicator weight was given by the stakeholders during EA. Indicators score was calculated using the formula \(\left(achieved \,in \%=\frac{indicator \,score \,x \,100}{indicator\, weight} \right)\) [ 26 , 28 ].

The independent variables for the acceptability dimension were socio-demographic and economic variables (age, educational status, marital status, occupation of caregiver, family size, income level, and mode of transport), availability of prescribed drugs, waiting time, travel time to ICCM site, home to home visit, consultation time, appointment, and source of information.

The overall implementation of ICCM was measured by using 49 indicators over the three dimensions: availability (17 indicators), compliance (18 indicators) and acceptability (14 indicators).

Program logic model

Based on the constructed program logic model and trained health care providers, mothers/caregivers received health information and counseling on child feeding; children were assessed, classified, and treated for disease, received follow-up; they were checked for vitamin A; and deworming and immunization status were the expected outputs of the program activities. Improved knowledge of HEWs on ICCM, increased health-seeking behavior, improved quality of health services, increased utilization of services, improved data quality and information use, and improved child health conditions are considered outcomes of the program. Reduction of under-five morbidity and mortality and improving quality of life in the society are the distant outcomes or impacts of the program (Fig.  1 ).

Integrated community case management of childhood illness program logic model in Gondar City in 2022

Data collection tools and procedure

Resource inventory and data extraction checklists were adapted from standard ICCM tool and check lists [ 29 ]. A structured interviewer administered questionnaire was adapted by referring different literatures [ 30 , 31 ] to measure the acceptability of ICCM. The key informant interview (KII) guide was also developed to explore the views of KIs. The interview questionnaire and guide were initially developed in English and translated into the local language (Amharic) and finally back to English to ensure consistency. All the interviews were done in the local language, Amharic.

Five trained clinical nurses and one BSC nurse were recruited from Gondar zuria and Wegera district as data collectors and supervisors, respectively. Two days training on the overall purpose of the evaluation and basic data collection procedures were provided prior to data collection. Then, both quantitative and qualitative data were gathered at the same time. The quantitative data were gathered from program documentation, charts of ICCM program visitors and, exit interview. Interviews with 21 KIIs and non-participatory observations of patient-provider interactions were used to acquire qualitative data. Key informant interviews were conducted to investigate the gaps and best practices in the implementation of the ICCM program.

A pretest was conducted to 26 mothers/caregivers/ at Maksegnit health post and appropriate modifications were made based on the pretest results. The data collectors were supervised and principal evaluator examined the completeness and consistency of the data on a daily basis.

Data management and analysis

For analysis, quantitative data were entered into epi-data version 4.6 and exported to Stata 14 software for analysis. Narration and tabular statistics were used to present descriptive statistics. Based on established judgment criteria, the total program implementation was examined and interpreted as a mix of the availability, compliance, and acceptability dimensions. To investigate the factors associated with ICCM acceptance, a binary logistic regression analysis was performed. During bivariable analysis, variables with p-values less than 0.25 were included in multivariable analysis. Finally, variables having a p-value less than 0.05 and an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were judged statistically significant. Qualitative data were collected recorded, transcribed into Amharic, then translated into English and finally coded and thematically analyzed.

Judgment matrix analysis

The weighted values of availability, compliance, and acceptability dimensions were 35, 40, and 25 based on the stakeholder and investigator agreement on each indicator, respectively. The judgment parameters for each dimension and the overall implementation of the program were categorized as poor (< 60%), fair (60–74.9%), good (75-84.9%), and very good (85–100%).

Availability of resources

A total of 26 HEWs were assigned within the fourteen health posts, and 72.7% of them were trained on ICCM to manage common childhood illnesses in under-five children. However, the training was given before four years, and they didn’t get even refreshment training about ICCM. The KII responses also supported that the shortage of HEWs at the HPs was the problem in implementing the program properly.

I am the only HEW in this health post and I have not been trained on ICCM program. So, this may compromise the quality of service and client satisfaction.(25 years old HEW with two years’ experience)

All observed health posts had ICCM registration books, monthly report and referral formats, functional thermometer, weighting scale and MUAC tape meter. However, timer and resuscitation bag was not available in all HPs. Most of the key informant finding showed that, in all HPs there was no shortage of guideline, registration book and recording tool; however, there was no OTP card in some health posts.

“Guideline, ICCM registration book for 2–59 months of age, and other different recording and reporting formats and booklet charts are available since September/2016. However, OTP card is not available in most HPs.”. (A 30 years male health center director)

Only one-fifth (21%) of HPs had a clean water source for drinking and washing of equipment. Most of Key-informant interview findings showed that the availability of infrastructures like water was not available in most HPs. Poor linkage between HPs, HCs, town health department, and local Kebele administer were the reason for unavailability.

Since there is no water for hand washing, or drinking, we obligated to bring water from our home for daily consumptions. This increases the burden for us in our daily activity. (35 years old HEW)

Most medicines, such as anti-malaria drugs with RDT, Quartem, Albendazole, Amoxicillin, vitamin A capsules, ORS, and gloves, were available in all the health posts. Drugs like zinc, paracetamol, TTC eye ointment, and folic acid were available in some HPs. However, cotrimoxazole and vitamin K capsules were stocked-out in all health posts for the last six months. The key informant also revealed that: “Vitamin K was not available starting from the beginning of this program and Cotrimoxazole was not available for the past one year and they told us they would avail it soon but still not availed. Some essential ICCM drugs like anti malaria drugs, De-worming, Amoxicillin, vitamin A capsules, ORS and medical supplies were also not available in HCs regularly.”(28 years’ Female PHCU focal)

The overall availability of resources for ICCM implementation was 84.2% which was good based on our presetting judgment parameter (Table  1 ).

Health extension worker’s compliance

From the 42 patient-provider interactions, we found that 85.7%, 71.4%, 76.2%, and 95.2% of the children were checked for body temperature, weight, general danger signs, and immunization status respectively. Out of total (42) observation, 33(78.6%) of sick children were classified for their nutritional status. During observation time 29 (69.1%) of caregivers were counseled by HEWs on food, fluid and when to return back and 35 (83.3%) of children were appointed for next follow-up visit. Key informant interviews also affirmed that;

“Most of our health extension workers were trained on ICCM program guidelines but still there are problems on assessment classification and treatment of disease based on guidelines and standards this is mainly due to lack refreshment training on the program and lack of continuous supportive supervision from the respective body.” (27years’ Male health center head)

From 10 clients classified as having severe pneumonia cases, all of them were referred to a health center (with pre-referral treatment), and from those 57 pneumonia cases, 50 (87.7%) were treated at the HP with amoxicillin or cotrimoxazole. All children with severe diarrhea, very severe disease, and severe complicated malnutrition cases were referred to health centers with a pre-referral treatment for severe dehydration, very severe febrile disease, and severe complicated malnutrition, respectively. From those with some dehydration and no dehydration cases, (82.4%) and (86.8%) were treated at the HPs for some dehydration (ORS; plan B) and for no dehydration (ORS; plan A), respectively. Moreover, zinc sulfate was prescribed for 63 (90%) of under-five children with some dehydration or no dehydration. From 26 malaria cases and 32 severe uncomplicated malnutrition and moderate acute malnutrition cases, 20 (76.9%) and 25 (78.1%) were treated at the HPs, respectively. Of the total reviewed documents, 56 (93.3%), 66 (94.3%), 38 (84.4%), and 25 (78.1%) of them were given a follow-up date for pneumonia, diarrhea, malaria, and malnutrition, respectively.

Supportive supervision and performance review meetings were conducted only in 10 (71.4%) HPs, but all (100%) HPs sent timely reports to the next supervisory body.

Most of the key informants’ interview findings showed that supportive supervision was not conducted regularly and for all HPs.

I had mentored and supervised by supportive supervision teams who came to our health post at different times from health center, town health office and zonal health department. I received this integrated supervision from town health office irregularly, but every month from catchment health center and last integrated supportive supervision from HC was on January. The problem is the supervision was conducted for all programs.(32 years’ old and nine years experienced female HEW)

Moreover, the result showed that there was poor compliance of HEWs for the program mainly due to weak supportive supervision system of managerial and technical health workers. It was also supported by key informants as:

We conducted supportive supervision and performance review meeting at different time, but still there was not regular and not addressed all HPs. In addition to this the supervision and review meeting was conducted as integration of ICCM program with other services. The other problem is that most of the time we didn’t used checklist during supportive supervision. (Mid 30 years old male HC director)

Based on our observation and ICCM document review, 83.1% of the HEWs were complied with the ICCM guidelines and judged as fair (Table  2 ).

Acceptability of ICCM program

Sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics of participants.

A total of 484 study participants responded to the interviewer-administered questionnaire with a response rate of 95.3%. The mean age of study participants was 30.7 (SD ± 5.5) years. Of the total caregivers, the majority (38.6%) were categorized under the age group of 26–30 years. Among the total respondents, 89.3% were married, and regarding religion, the majorities (84.5%) were Orthodox Christian followers. Regarding educational status, over half of caregivers (52.1%) were illiterate (unable to read or write). Nearly two-thirds of the caregivers (62.6%) were housewives (Table  3 ).

All the caregivers came to the health post on foot, and most of them 418 (86.4%) arrived within one hour. The majority of 452 (93.4%) caregivers responded that the waiting time to get the service was less than 30 min. Caregivers who got the prescribed drugs at the health post were 409 (84.5%). Most of the respondents, 429 (88.6%) and 438 (90.5%), received counseling services on providing extra fluid and feeding for their sick child and were given a follow-up date.

Most 298 (61.6%) of the caregivers were satisfied with the convenience of the working hours of HPs, and more than three-fourths (80.8%) were satisfied with the counseling services they received. Most of the respondents, 366 (75.6%), were satisfied with the appropriateness of waiting time and 431 (89%) with the appropriateness of consultation time. The majority (448 (92.6%) of caregivers were satisfied with the way of communicating with HEWs, and 269 (55.6%) were satisfied with the knowledge and competence of HEWs. Nearly half of the caregivers (240, or 49.6%) were satisfied with the availability of drugs at health posts.

The overall acceptability of the ICCM program was 75.3%, which was judged as good. A low proportion of acceptability was measured on the cleanliness of the health posts, the appropriateness of the waiting area, and the competence and knowledge of the HEWs. On the other hand, high proportion of acceptability was measured on appropriateness of waiting time, way of communication with HEWs, and the availability of drugs (Table  4 ).

Factors associated with acceptability of ICCM program

In the final multivariable logistic regression analysis, educational status of caregivers, availability of prescribed drugs, time to arrive, and waiting time were factors significantly associated with the satisfaction of caregivers with the ICCM program.

Accordingly, the odds of caregivers with primary education, secondary education, and college and above were 73% (AOR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.11–0.52), 84% (AOR = 0.16, 95% CI: 0.07–0.39), and 92% (AOR = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.07–0.40) less likely to accept the program as compared to mothers or caregivers who were not able to read and write, respectively. The odds of caregivers or mothers who received prescribed drugs were 2.17 times more likely to accept the program as compared to their counters (AOR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.14–4.10). The odds of caregivers or mothers who waited for services for less than 30 min were 2.8 times more likely to accept the program as compared to those who waited for more than 30 min (AOR = 2.80, 95% CI: 1.16–6.79). Moreover, the odds of caregivers/mothers who traveled an hour or less for service were 3.8 times more likely to accept the ICCM program as compared to their counters (AOR = 3.82, 95% CI:1.99–7.35) (Table  5 ).

Overall ICCM program implementation and judgment

The implementation of the ICCM program in Gondar city administration was measured in terms of availability (84.2%), compliance (83.1%), and acceptability (75.3%) dimensions. In the availability dimension, amoxicillin, antimalarial drugs, albendazole, Vit. A, and ORS were available in all health posts, but only six HPs had Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Feedings, three HPs had ORT Corners, and none of the HPs had functional timers. In all health posts, the health extension workers asked the chief to complain, correctly assessed for pneumonia, diarrhea, malaria, and malnutrition, and sent reports based on the national schedule. However, only 70% of caretakers counseled about food, fluids, and when to return, 66% and 76% of the sick children were checked for anemia and other danger signs, respectively. The acceptability level of the program by caretakers and caretakers’/mothers’ educational status, waiting time to get the service and travel time ICCM sites were the factors affecting its acceptability. The overall ICCM program in Gondar city administration was 81.5% and judged as good (Fig.  2 ).

Overall ICCM program implementation and the evaluation dimensions in Gondar city administration, 2022

The implementation status of ICCM was judged by using three dimensions including availability, compliance and acceptability of the program. The judgment cut of points was determined during evaluability assessment (EA) along with the stakeholders. As a result, we found that the overall implementation status of ICCM program was good as per the presetting judgment parameter. Availability of resources for the program implementation, compliance of HEWs to the treatment guideline and acceptability of the program services by users were also judged as good as per the judgment parameter.

This evaluation showed that most medications, equipment and recording and reporting materials available. This finding was comparable with the standard ICCM treatment guide line [ 10 ]. On the other hand trained health care providers, some medications like Zink, Paracetamol and TTC eye ointment, folic acid and syringes were not found in some HPs. However the finding was higher than the study conducted in SNNPR on selected health posts [ 33 ] and a study conducted in Soro district, southern Ethiopia [ 24 ]. The possible reason might be due to low interruption of drugs at town health office or regional health department stores, regular supplies of essential drugs and good supply management and distribution of drug from health centers to health post.

The result of this evaluation showed that only one fourth of health posts had functional ORT Corner which was lower compared to the study conducted in SNNPR [ 34 ]. This might be due poor coverage of functional pipe water in the kebeles and the installation was not set at the beginning of health post construction as reported from one of ICCM program coordinator.

Compliance of HEWs to the treatment guidelines in this evaluation was higher than the study done in southern Ethiopia (65.6%) [ 24 ]. This might be due to availability of essential drugs educational level of HEWs and good utilization of ICCM guideline and chart booklet by HEWs. The observations showed most of the sick children were assessed for danger sign, weight, and temperature respectively. This finding is lower than the study conducted in Rwanda [ 35 ]. This difference might be due to lack of refreshment training and regular supportive supervision for HEWs. This also higher compared to the study done in three regions of Ethiopia indicates that 88%, 92% and 93% of children classified as per standard for Pneumonia, diarrhea and malaria respectively [ 36 ]. The reason for this difference may be due to the presence of medical equipment and supplies including RDT kit for malaria, and good educational level of HEWs.

Moreover most HPs received supportive supervision and performance review meeting was conducted and all of them send reports timely to next level. The finding of this evaluation was lower than the study conducted on implementation evaluation of ICCM program southern Ethiopia [ 24 ] and study done in three regions of Ethiopia (Amhara, Tigray and SNNPR) [ 37 ]. This difference might be due sample size variation.

The overall acceptability of the ICCM program was less than the presetting judgment parameter but slightly higher compared to the study in southern Ethiopia [ 24 ]. This might be due to presence of essential drugs for treating children, reasonable waiting and counseling time provided by HEWs, and smooth communication between HEWs and caregivers. In contrast, this was lower than similar studies conducted in Wakiso district, Uganda [ 38 ]. The reason for this might be due to contextual difference between the two countries, inappropriate waiting area to receive the service and poor cleanness of the HPs in our study area. Low acceptability of caregivers to ICCM service was observed in the appropriateness of waiting area, availability of drugs, cleanness of health post, and competence of HEWs while high level of caregiver’s acceptability was consultation time, counseling service they received, communication with HEWs, treatment given for their sick children and interest to return back for ICCM service.

Caregivers who achieved primary, secondary, and college and above were more likely accept the program services than those who were illiterate. This may more educated mothers know about their child health condition and expect quality service from healthcare providers which is more likely reduce the acceptability of the service. The finding is congruent with a study done on implementation evaluation of ICCM program in southern Ethiopia [ 24 ]. However, inconsistent with a study conducted in wakiso district in Uganda [ 38 ]. The possible reason for this might be due to contextual differences between the two countries. The ICCM program acceptability was high in caregivers who received all prescribed drugs than those did not. Caregivers those waited less than 30 min for service were more accepted ICCM services compared to those more than 30 minutes’ waiting time. This finding is similar compared with the study conducted on implementation evaluation of ICCM program in southern Ethiopia [ 24 ]. In contrary, the result was incongruent with a survey result conducted by Ethiopian public health institute in all regions and two administrative cities of Ethiopia [ 39 ]. This variation might be due to smaller sample size in our study the previous one. Moreover, caregivers who traveled to HPs less than 60 min were more likely accepted the program than who traveled more and the finding was similar with the study finding in Jimma zone [ 40 ].

Strengths and limitations

This evaluation used three evaluation dimensions, mixed method and different data sources that would enhance the reliability and credibility of the findings. However, the study might have limitations like social desirability bias, recall bias and Hawthorne effect.

The implementation of the ICCM program in Gondar city administration was measured in terms of availability (84.2%), compliance (83.1%), and acceptability (75.3%) dimensions. In the availability dimension, amoxicillin, antimalarial drugs, albendazole, Vit. A, and ORS were available in all health posts, but only six HPs had Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Feedings, three HPs had ORT Corners, and none of the HPs had functional timers.

This evaluation assessed the implementation status of the ICCM program, focusing mainly on availability, compliance, and acceptability dimensions. The overall implementation status of the program was judged as good. The availability dimension is compromised due to stock-outs of chloroquine syrup, cotrimoxazole, and vitamin K and the inaccessibility of clean water supply in some health posts. Educational statuses of caregivers, availability of prescribed drugs at the HPs, time to arrive to HPs, and waiting time to receive the service were the factors associated with the acceptability of the ICCM program.

Therefore, continuous supportive supervision for health facilities, and refreshment training for HEW’s to maximize compliance are recommended. Materials and supplies shall be delivered directly to the health centers or health posts to solve the transportation problem. HEWs shall document the assessment findings and the services provided using the registration format to identify their gaps, limitations, and better performances. The health facilities and local administrations should construct clean water sources for health facilities. Furthermore, we recommend for future researchers and program evaluators to conduct longitudinal studies to know the causal relationship of the program interventions and the outcomes.

Data availability

Data will be available upon reasonable request from the corresponding author.

Abbreviations

Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey

Health Center/Health Facility

Health Extension Program

Health Extension Workers

Health Post

Health Sector Development Plan

Integrated Community Case Management of Common Childhood Illnesses

Information Communication and Education

Integrated Family Health Program

Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness

Integrated Supportive Supervision

Maternal and Child Health

Mid Upper Arm Circumference

Non-Government Organization

Oral Rehydration Salts

Outpatient Therapeutic program

Primary health care unit

Rapid Diagnostics Test

Ready to Use Therapeutic Foods

Sever Acute Malnutrition

South Nation Nationalities People Region

United Nations International Child Emergency Fund

World Health Organization

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Acknowledgements

We are very grateful to University of Gondar and Gondar town health office for its welcoming approaches. We would also like to thank all of the study participants of this evaluation for their information and commitment. Our appreciation also goes to the data collectors and supervisors for their unreserved contribution.

No funding is secured for this evaluation study.

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Metema District Health office, Gondar, Ethiopia

Mekides Geta

Department of Health Systems and Policy, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia

Geta Asrade Alemayehu, Wubshet Debebe Negash, Tadele Biresaw Belachew, Chalie Tadie Tsehay & Getachew Teshale

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All authors contributed to the preparation of the manuscript. M.G. conceived and designed the evaluation and performed the analysis then T.B.B., W.D.N., G.A.A., C.T.T. and G.T. revised the analysis. G.T. prepared the manuscript and all the authors revised and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Getachew Teshale .

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Ethical approval was obtained from Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health sciences, University of Gondar (Ref No/IPH/1482/2013). Informed consent was obtained from all subjects and/or their legal guardian(s).

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Geta, M., Alemayehu, G.A., Negash, W.D. et al. Evaluation of integrated community case management of the common childhood illness program in Gondar city, northwest Ethiopia: a case study evaluation design. BMC Pediatr 24 , 310 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-024-04785-0

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Received : 20 February 2024

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Published : 09 May 2024

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-024-04785-0

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Analytical and Numerical Methods for Transient Analysis

Disciplines: Completions | Drilling | Reservoir

Course Description

This workshop is designed for engineers and Earth scientists with knowledge of the basics of well transient testing and it discusses the use of the latest developments in data measurements and combined analytical and numerical analyses to properly characterize oil and gas reservoirs.

• Brief review of current analytical analysis models.
• Examples of current numerical analysis capabilities.
• Understanding how to combine both methods to analyze tests in different situations including horizontal wells, layered reservoirs, and fields producing under multiphase flow conditions.
• Use appropriate analyses in various situations such as multiple well reservoirs, or fields with irregular boundaries.
• The importance of including the effect of offset wells in transient test analysis.

Objectives: Ongoing developments in the measurement tools for transient testing data (e.g., Permanent Downhole Gauges) and analysis methods as well as the growing expectations to integrate dynamic data with other reservoir characterization models mean that analytical analysis of well tests are not sufficient and numerical analysis should also be used to produce descriptions with enough details to allow for reasonable prediction of reservoir performance. This workshop illustrates how to combine both analysis methods for reliable dynamic reservoir characterization.

Learning Level

Introductory

Course Length

Learn how to combine the use of both analytical and numerical transient testing analysis methods to produce valid characterization of oil and gas reservoirs.

Who Attends

Production and reservoir engineers and Earth scientists involved in well and formation characterization, evaluating reserves, and reservoir surveillance. Participants should have knowledge of the basics of well transient testing.

Special Requirements

Laptop is requried.

.8 CEUs (Continuing Education Units) are awarded for this 1-day course.

Cancellation Policy

All cancellations must be received no later than 14 days prior to the course start date. Cancellations made after the 14-day window will not be refunded. Refunds will not be given due to no show situations.

Training sessions attached to SPE conferences and workshops follow the cancellation policies stated on the event information page. Please check that page for specific cancellation information.

SPE reserves the right to cancel or re-schedule courses at will. Notification of changes will be made as quickly as possible; please keep this in mind when arranging travel, as SPE is not responsible for any fees charged for cancelling or changing travel arrangements.

We reserve the right to substitute course instructors as necessary.

Medhat (Med) M. Kamal is a senior research consultant and leader of the dynamic reservoir characterization group with Chevron Energy Technology Company in San Ramon, California. Kamal has more than 35 years of industry experience in well testing, reservoir description, and production and reservoir engineering.

He is a past SPE Distinguished Lecturer and winner of many society awards, including the Cedric K. Ferguson Medal, the SPE Distinguished Service Award, and the Texas Petroleum Engineer of the Year Award. He has served on the SPE Board of Directors as the Regional Director of the Western North America Region. He is the author of multiple technical articles in SPE journals and has served as a technical editor, review chairman and executive editor of SPE Reservoir Engineering and Evaluation journal. Kamal is the editor and lead author of SPE Monograph 23 Transient Well Testing.

Kamal holds a BS degree from Cairo University and MS and PhD degrees from Stanford University all in petroleum engineering.

Other courses by this instructor

This course is designed to teach state of-the-art design and interpretation of pressure transient testing through hands-on examples and exercises from oil and gas fields. The course describes the detailed process from well-test...

Disciplines: Production and Operations | Reservoir