international cruise terminal design standards

Guidelines for Cruise Terminals

This report has been drafted by an international working group (WG 152) set up by PIANC in 2012. The objective of the work was to provide a guideline for the functional design of cruise terminals, by reviewing the current state of the art of the needs of modern cruise ships and evaluating the ship/port interface and the port facilities involved in cruise traffic. This document embodies a flexible design approach so that terminals can be adapted to the various current and future needs of cruise companies.

rnrnPIANC Working Group 152 has prepared this document to provide technical guidelines for assisting the development of cruise port facilities. Based on the newest trends in cruise ships and the industry in general, the document covers all areas involved in the operation of a cruise ship: waterside drivers, apron area, terminal building and ground transportation area. In view of the importance to the cruise industry of port security and operational and financial aspects, special emphasis has been laid these two topics.

rnrnThe Terms of Reference for WG 152 were laid down by the Maritime Commission of PIANC and can be summarised as follows:rn

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Guidelines for Cruise Terminal Design and Operations

• March 19, 2016

Guidelines for cruise terminals and related infrastructure have been published by the World Association for Waterborne Transport Infrastructure (PIANC).

Set up in 2012, a working group has developed what the PIANC calls a set of guidelines for the functional design of cruise terminals based on a study of the needs of modern cruise ships and port facilities involved in this traffic sector.

According to David Pino, chairman of the working group and head of the planning and technical management of concessions at the Port of Barcelona, the guidelines cover all areas of cruise ship port operations, including the wharf side services areas, the terminal building and land transport areas, in addition to security, operational and financial aspects.

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The cruise industry is one of the most heavily regulated industries with robust, clearly defined standards. The average ship undergoes dozens of announced and unannounced safety inspections per year, involving hundreds of man-hours and the implementation of thousands of specific requirements set by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and other authorities.

The cruise industry has a long history of ongoing review and improvement, with Cruise Lines International Association (CLIA)’s policies often exceeding requirements of international law. Providing for the safety of passengers and crew is, at all times, the industry’s top priority.

Regulatory Authorities

Cruise operations are tightly regulated with rigorous enforcement by outside authorities. These regulatory authorities set comprehensive standards for safety, security, crewmember protections, health, and environmental performance. International regulators include the IMO, International Labour Organization (ILO), and the World Health Organization (WHO). Also, agencies such as the U.S Coast Guard, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have full authority to regulate and enforce compliance for ships entering or departing from U.S. ports

Inspection and Enforcement

Cruise ships are subject to three robust layers of inspection and enforcement of international law and other requirements:

Port States:

Any country whose ports or waters are visited by a cruise ship has full authority to make sure that it follows international, national, and local regulations. Specifically, Port States inspect and enforce compliance with applicable international and domestic laws and regulations.

Countries of Registration:

The country or Flag State where a cruise ship is registered must make certain that registered ships meet all international requirements. Flag States also inspect ships on a regular basis to ensure compliance with both international and national requirements.

Classification Societies:

Independent agencies, called classification societies, conduct inspections on behalf of Flag States, cruise ship owners, insurers and other members of the maritime community to ensure that ships are in compliance with applicable standards and managed responsibly. These societies also set strict safety and environmental guidelines for design, construction and operation.

Consistent Updates:

International regulations are reviewed and updated to implement improvements. Specifically, the IMO reviews regulations on an ongoing basis through committee and subcommittee meetings, general sessions, and extraordinary sessions when warranted.

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TRID the TRIS and ITRD database

Design and Practice of Cruise Ports

This book focuses on design technologies and practical engineering applications in connection with cruise ports and terminals. After a brief introduction to cruise ships and global cruise ports, it addresses the location, structure and layout of cruise terminals, the technologies involved, cruise terminal buildings and supporting facilities. The book also explores practical engineering cases, including projects that the authors have worked on, such as the Shenzhen Prince Bay and Shanghai Wusongkou International Cruise Terminal projects. Systematically discussing the design and engineering aspects of domestic and international cruise terminals, the book offers a practical reference guide for engineers, researchers, practitioners and policymakers in relevant fields.

• Record URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5428-5
• Find a library where document is available. Order URL: http://worldcat.org/isbn/9789811554278
• © 2020 Zekun Cheng et al., under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. List of Translators: Li Huijuan, CCCC Third Harbor Consultants Co., Ltd. Yao Jianxin, CCCC Third Harbor Consultants Co., Ltd. Qiu Zhaoshan, CCCC Third Harbor Consultants Co., Ltd. Yu Zheng, CCCC Third Harbor Consultants Co., Ltd.

Springer Singapore

• Cheng, Zekun

• Publication Date: 2020-5
• Media Type: Web
• Features: Illustrations; References;
• Pagination: 321p
• Springer Series on Naval Architecture, Marine Engineering, Shipbuilding and Shipping
• Publisher: Springer Cham
• ISSN: 2194-8445
• Serial URL: https://www.springer.com/series/10523

Subject/Index Terms

• TRT Terms: Construction projects ; Cruise ships ; Marine engineering ; Port operations ; Ports ; Structural design
• Subject Areas: Construction; Design; Marine Transportation; Operations and Traffic Management; Terminals and Facilities;

Filing Info

• Accession Number: 01853547
• Record Type: Publication
• ISBN: 9789811554278
• Files: TRIS
• Created Date: Jul 29 2022 4:56PM

Site Selection of Cruise Terminals

• First Online: 27 May 2020

Cite this chapter

• Zekun Cheng 5 ,
• Lei Gong 6 &
• Chen Li   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-3421-1426 5 , 7  

Part of the book series: Springer Series on Naval Architecture, Marine Engineering, Shipbuilding and Shipping ((NAMESS,volume 4))

412 Accesses

The location of a cruise terminal shall take into account the orientation and scale of the cruise port, the planning of the city, the construction conditions, collection and distribution and other supporting conditions, and be determined by comprehensive comparison and demonstration. This chapter mainly introduces the functional orientation of a cruise port, urban planning, construction conditions and other factors closely related to the location of the cruise terminal, as well as the site selection method of a cruise terminal.

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Quoted from Guidelines for Cruise Terminals, PIANC Secrétariat Général Maritime Navigation Commission, 2016.

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College of Transport and Communications, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China

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About this chapter

Cheng, Z., Gong, L., Li, C. (2020). Site Selection of Cruise Terminals. In: Design and Practice of Cruise Ports. Springer Series on Naval Architecture, Marine Engineering, Shipbuilding and Shipping, vol 4. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5428-5_4

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Source: Adapted from: PIANC Working Group 152 (2016). Guidelines for Cruise Terminals. Brussels: PIANC.

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The ArSHEtect Perspective: Featuring Santha Gour

Mumbai International Cruise Terminal Showcases Ar. Santha Gour’s Eccentric Aesthetics

A rchitect Santha Gour has been working extensively for the past four years as an Architectural Designer and Project Manager for the Mumbai International Cruise Terminal. A very iconic project since its inception, the Mumbai International Cruise Terminal promises to usher in an era of luxury cruise vacations starting from India. A part of the Government of India’s initiative to unlock the untapped potential of India’s beautiful coastlines, the Mumbai International Cruise Terminal asserts the best in class infrastructure and stunning design.

Design Philosophy

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Due to the dual program of the Terminal along with the retail mall, Architect Santha Gour and Team had to pay attention to avoid mixing of passengers of the cruise vessel with a person coming to visit the retail mall in the building. They achieved the same by creating two Vestibules in front of the building that facilitates movement for a person coming to visit the mall. The building provides unhindered and beautiful visuals of the eastern seafront of Mumbai and is an apt location for setting up restaurants, banquets etc.

While designing, Architect Santha Gour and Team also had to keep in mind the traffic movement around the building. The berth that is used for docking of the cruise vessel is also used as docking for cargo vessels on some days. The entire traffic movement is designed in a way that there is never any mixing of traffic and people.

Midway through the project, Architect Santha Gour and Team faced an enormous challenge when they were asked to retrofit the building to take care of the passenger load of another passenger liner. Nevertheless, the same was achieved by also keeping the integrity of the design intact. Other than the Architectural challenges, the most challenging part of the project was the effort that was put in detailing the back end of the building. A lot of attention went into detailing the security and safety aspects of the building.

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The structural design for this building is also very complex as part of the berth is on a slab over the sea, and the other part of it is on reclaimed land. Due to the unavailability of any previous structural drawings, there were quite a few surprises in store for Architect Santha Gour and Team once they started constructing the foundations.

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In words of Architect Santha Gour,

There is no project without its share of challenges, or restrictive parameters dominating the design programme. Understanding that as a given and moving ahead to surmount all that comes along, to create something that retains its integrity is Architecture. My learning from this and various other large projects that I am working on currently is that how Architecture design ceases to be a small part of the time invested in a project and how most of the time gets used up in compliances, approvals and documentation. Also, beyond the aesthetics of the building lies a tremendous amount of effort in making the facility run like a well-oiled machine. However, the end result always justifies the effort.

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