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Indian Envoy Meets With Putin, Bypassing Western Pressure

India’s foreign minister is on a five-day diplomatic trip to Moscow to reinforce economic and defense ties, though some strains in the countries’ relationship are showing.

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Vladimir V. Putin sits next to Sergey V. Lavrov and two other men on one side of a long, white, oval table. Three men, including Subrahmanyam Jaishankar, sit on the other side.

By Sameer Yasir

Reporting from New Delhi

President Vladimir V. Putin on Wednesday met with the Indian foreign minister at the Kremlin, highlighting Russia’s attempts to break through its isolation from the West by pivoting to an increasingly powerful Asian nation.

From the start of Russia’s war with Ukraine, India has taken a neutral stance , citing its longtime ties with Moscow and insisting on its right to navigate a multipolar world its own way.

Russia has long been the most important military supplier for India, and as international sanctions in response to the war began constricting Russian oil sales, India rapidly expanded its purchases to become one of the chief buyers of discounted Russian petroleum. In doing so, India has frustrated American efforts to isolate Russia since the Ukraine war began in 2022, providing a much-needed financial boost to Moscow’s coffers.

“Everything is in your hands,” Mr. Putin said, “and I can say that we are successful because of your direct support.”

Mr. Putin added that he intended to discuss the situation with the war in Ukraine and invited India’s prime minister, Narendra Modi, to visit Russia.

The Indian foreign minister, Subrahmanyam Jaishankar, said that he had brought a written letter to Mr. Putin from Mr. Modi in which the Indian leader conveyed his thoughts on the state of Russia-India relations.

Earlier on Wednesday, Mr. Jaishankar conducted a separate meeting with his Russian counterpart. He said that his discussions would include “the state of multilateralism and the building of a multipolar world order.”

“We will focus on bilateral cooperation in different spheres, adjusting it to changing circumstances and demands,” Mr. Jaishankar said, according to a Russian video broadcast . “We will discuss the international strategic situation, conflicts and tensions where they are.”

Russia’s foreign minister, Sergey V. Lavrov, said on Wednesday that his country’s relationship with India goes beyond bilateral ties. The two nations are interested in “building an international political and economic system that would be open and fair for everyone,” he said in televised remarks ahead of the meeting.

Despite the Biden administration’s efforts to make supporting Russia costly, American officials have avoided open criticism of India. Instead, President Biden and others have courted Mr. Modi , even welcoming him to a state dinner over the summer. That courtship has continued even after American law enforcement officials accused Indian officials in November of plotting the assassination of an American Sikh activist in the United States.

While President Biden generally has emphasized common ground with India, the Indian government’s crackdown on human rights is a clear point of friction in the relationship. Protesters demonstrated against Mr. Modi’s efforts to stifle dissent during the state dinner.

Their relationship is driven by Mr. Modi’s desire to assert his country as an economic superpower and Mr. Biden’s need for a powerful ally to serve as a counterbalance to Russia and China.

After meeting with Mr. Jaishankar for over an hour, Mr. Lavrov praised India’s “responsible approach” to global issues, which he said extended to its position on Ukraine. He said the two men had spoken about the war but did not elaborate, noting that it was one of several issues, including arms production and nuclear energy cooperation, that were discussed.

New Delhi is heavily reliant on Russia for the largest part of its arms imports and Moscow has helped India to build nuclear and space capabilities from scratch.

A career diplomat, Mr. Jaishankar has portrayed the close relationship between the countries as one of the few constants in a rapidly changing world. His book about how India must carefully chart a multilateral diplomatic path is seen as a definitive take on the country’s foreign policy under Mr. Modi.

“Typically, defense, nuclear and space are collaborations you only do with countries with whom you have a high degree of trust,” Mr. Jaishankar had told members of the Indian diaspora in Moscow on Tuesday.

But the relationship shows signs of strain. Indian officials are increasingly worried that Russia’s pariah status will drive Moscow ever closer to China. On another potential competitive front, all three countries are more forcefully portraying themselves as providing leadership and a model for developing nations around the world.

In a reflection of how India is trying to walk the line between Western pressure and its relationship with Russia, this is the second year in a row that Mr. Modi has skipped his traditional in-person summit meeting with Mr. Putin. At the same time, India has refused to support resolutions at the United Nations that condemned Russian aggression in Ukraine.

Happymon Jacob, who teaches Indian foreign policy at Jawaharlal Nehru University in New Delhi, said that apart from India’s increased purchases of Russian oil, the relationship had been less close since the Ukraine invasion.

Still, he said, India will remain reliant on Russia to some degree, particularly in the energy and defense sectors.

“Russia is the only country that has provided India with nuclear reactors — notwithstanding the fact that India signed a nuclear deal in 2008 with the United States,” he said.

Russia, in its own right, has been trying to use its relationship with India to balance its increasing trade dependence on China. Last May, Mr. Putin signed an agreement with his Iranian counterpart, President Ebrahim Raisi, to build a railway that would link Moscow with India through an Iranian port on the Persian Gulf.

During Mr. Jaishankar’s visit on Tuesday, India and Russia agreed to the construction of future power-generating units of the Kudankulam nuclear power plant in southern India, which is being built with assistance from Russia. Construction on the plant began in March 2002. It is expected to start operating at full capacity in 2027.

Ivan Nechepurenko contributed reporting.

Sameer Yasir is a reporter based in New Delhi. He joined The Times in 2020. More about Sameer Yasir

The Economic Times daily newspaper is available online now.

Vladimir putin invites pm modi to visit russia in 2022.

Putin and Prime Minister Modi held the first in-person meeting on Monday after they met on the sidelines of the BRICS summit in 2019 in Brasilia.

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‘PM Modi looks forward to visiting Russia next year… will find mutually convenient date’: Jaishankar tells Putin

Putin noted the domestic political calendar in india is “difficult and complex” next year -- the lok sabha elections are scheduled to take place – but expressed the hope that irrespective of the alignment of political forces, traditional friendly ties between the people of the two countries will remain.

While visiting Russian President Vladimir Putin in Moscow on Wednesday, External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar assured the Kremlin leader that PM Modi looks forward to visiting Russia on a “mutually convenient” date next year. Putin, on his part, has extended an invitation to PM Modi to visit the country after the latter skipped their annual summit for the second year in a row .

The EAM also delivered a letter sent by PM Modi to Putin. “Please allow me to convey personal greetings from Prime Minister Modi. Certainly, Mr President he looks forward to visiting Russia next year. I am sure we will find a date which is mutually convenient for the political calendar of both countries. It is something he certainly looks forward to,” Jaishankar said.

#WATCH | External Affairs Minister Dr S Jaishankar says, "First of all, please allow me to convey the personal greetings of Prime Minister Modi…I would also, extensive like to take the opportunity to share with you, aspects of the progress that we have made and in the last two… pic.twitter.com/R5jNOe1CVM — ANI (@ANI) December 27, 2023

On Wednesday, Putin told Jaishankar at the Kremlin that despite all the turbulence happening in the world, relations with traditional friends in Asia, with India, the Indian people were developing progressively.

“We will be glad to see our friend, Mr Prime Minister Narendra Modi , in Russia. We will be able to discuss all current issues and talk about the prospects for the development of Russian-Indian relations,” Putin had told Jaishankar.

Putin noted the domestic political calendar in India is “difficult and complex” next year — the Lok Sabha elections are scheduled to take place – but expressed the hope that irrespective of the alignment of political forces, traditional friendly ties between the people of the two countries will remain.

Meanwhile, Jaishankar said, “I would also, extensive like to take the opportunity to share with you, aspects of the progress that we have made and in the last two days, which I had a chance to discuss with the Russian Deputy Prime Minister and Industry and Trade Minister Denis Manturov, and today with FM Sergey Lavrov of Russia. I would like to highlight the progress we have made in trade, which is in excess of a turnover of 50 billion dollars, and whose potential is only now beginning to be visible. It is, therefore, important we give it a more sustainable character.”

Jaishankar’s meeting with Putin is considered significant since the Russian President doesn’t usually meet visiting Foreign Ministers. The EAM was accompanied by Pavan Kapoor, Ambassador to Russia, and Charanjeet Singh, Joint Secretary in Ministry of External Affairs, in charge of Russia.

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Putin, Zelenskyy invite Modi to Russia, Ukraine after 2024 polls

Prime Minister Narendra Modi was extended invitations to visit Russia and Ukraine by Presidents Vladimir Putin and Volodymyr Zelenskyy respectively, after the conclusion of the 2024 Lok Sabha elections, reports said. On Wednesday, the PM had separate phone calls with the heads of the two countries, in which he advocated for dialog and diplomacy in the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict. PM Modi also expressed India's support for efforts towards a peaceful resolution.

Why does this story matter?

PM Modi is seeking his third term in the upcoming Lok Sabha elections . On Saturday, the Election Commission of India (ECI) announced the dates for the 2024 general election in the country. Starting from April 19, polling will take place in seven phases. The results for all polls, including general elections, by-elections, and assembly elections, will be announced on June 4. With this announcement, the Model Code of Conduct (MCC) came into effect.

Modi congratulates Putin on re-election, discusses strengthening ties

In a post on X (formerly Twitter) PM Modi said he spoke to Putin and congratulated him on his poll win. The PM also expressed his eagerness to strengthen the "India-Russia Special & Privileged Strategic Partnership" in the coming years. In another post, Modi discussed his conversation with Zelenskyy and highlighted the importance of enhancing the India-Ukraine partnership. He also assured India's unwavering support for peace efforts, pledging continued humanitarian aid with a people-centric approach.

Zelenskyy invites PM Modi to peace summit

Meanwhile, Zelenskyy thanked PM Modi for India's support towards Ukraine's sovereignty, territorial integrity, provision of humanitarian aid, and enthusiastic engagement in Peace Formula deliberations. He also talked about the "significance of New Delhi's presence" at the inaugural Peace Summit in Switzerland. The Ukrainian president proposed advancing bilateral relations through team gatherings and scheduling an intergovernmental commission session on cooperation in India in the near future.

Putin's record post-Soviet landslide victory in Russian presidential poll

On Monday, Putin secured a landslide victory in the Russian presidential election. The win came even as thousands within the nation and around the globe protested against the war in Ukraine and a stage-managed poll that could only have one winner. With this new six-year term, Putin will overtake Josef Stalin as the Kremlin's longest-serving leader in more than two centuries.

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Putin, Zelenskyy invite PM Modi to Russia and Ukraine after Lok Sabha polls

Both ukrainian president volodymyr zelenskyy and russian president vladimir putin invited pm modi to their respective countries after the lok sabha elections are over, sources said..

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PM Modi spoke to Russian and Ukrainian Presidents
Both Presidents invited Modi after Lok Sabha elections
PM Modi seeking third term in upcoming Lok Sabha elections

Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Wednesday spoke to Presidents of Russia and Ukraine, reiterating India's commitment to peace amid the ongoing war between the two countries.

Both Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy and Russian President Vladimir Putin invited PM Modi to their respective countries after the Lok Sabha elections, sources said.

In a post on X, PM Modi said he spoke to Putin and congratulated him on his re-election as Russia's President . "We agreed to work together to further deepen and expand India-Russia Special & Privileged Strategic Partnership in the years ahead," PM Modi said.

In another post, PM Modi said he spoke to Zelenskyy on strengthening the India-Ukraine partnership.

"Conveyed India’s consistent support for all efforts for peace and bringing an early end to the ongoing conflict. India will continue to provide humanitarian assistance guided by our people-centric approach," PM Modi said.

In response, Zelenskyy said, "I spoke with Prime Minister @NarendraModi to express gratitude for India's support for Ukraine's sovereignty and territorial integrity, humanitarian aid, and active participation in Peace Formula meetings. It will be important for us to see India attend the inaugural Peace Summit, which is currently being prepared in Switzerland."

"We discussed the development of our bilateral relations, which should include a meeting of our teams and a session of the intergovernmental commission on cooperation in New Delhi in the nearest future," he added.

Zelenskyy said Ukraine is interested in strengthening trade and economic ties with India, particularly in "agricultural exports, aviation cooperation, and pharmaceutical and industrial product trade".

He also said that Kyiv wishes to welcome Indian students back to Ukrainian educational institutions.

The government airlifted students back to India after war broke out in Ukraine in February 2022.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi is seeking his third consecutive term in the upcoming Lok Sabha elections. The seven-phase elections will take place from April 19 to June 1. Results will be declared on June 4.

India has maintained a strategic neutrality over the war despite the global outcry over Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022.

While India has abstained from several UN votes criticising Putin's actions, New Delhi has not shied away from expressing its discomfort with the situation. It declined Russia's request for support in a Security Council resolution on Ukraine and condemned the atrocities against Ukrainian civilians in Bucha, calling for an international investigation.

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PM Modi’s Russia visit: Explained in Ten Points

Pm modi russia visit: pm modi has become the first indian prime minister to visit the russian far east region..

PM Modi Russia visit: Prime Minister Narendra Modi has become the first Indian Prime Minister to visit Vladivostok, the far-east region of Russia. The Prime Minister landed in Vladivostok on September 4, as a part of his two-day visit to Russia from September 4-6, 2019.

PM Modi was greeted by Vladimir Putin at Vladivostok and the Russian President, in a special gesture, also accompanied Modi to the Zvezda shipyard in Vladivostok. Following the shipyard visit, both the leaders participated in the 20th India-Russia Annual Summit. While addressing the press after the summit, PM Modi said that both India and Russia are against outside influence in the internal matters of any nation.

PM Modi is scheduled to attend the Eastern Economic Forum in Vladivostok tomorrow, as the Chief Guest of the forum.

PM Modi Russia visit: Ten Key Points

1. First Indian Prime Minister to visit Russian Far East Region

PM Modi with his visit to Vladivostok has become the first Indian prime minister to visit the Russian Far East Region. The Prime Minister is scheduled to attend the Eastern Economic Forum in Vladivostok along with other foreign leaders. Speaking on his visit, the Prime Minister said that his visit to Russia will give a "new energy and a new impetus" to relations between the two countries.

2. Siberian cranes-Gujarat link

PM Modi stated in a press interview that nature itself connects India to the far-east. The Prime Minister referred to the "Siberian cranes-Gujarat" link and pointed out that every December, Siberian cranes fly to his native state Gujarat, which is like a tourist destination for them and many Indians go to the Far East.

3. PM Modi’s visit to Zvezda shipyard

4. 20th India-Russia Annual Summit

Post the Zvezda shipyard visit, PM Modi and Vladimir Putin held the 20th India-Russia Annual Summit. The summit was held on the sidelines of the Eastern Economic Forum. The annual summit covered a number of regional and international issues of mutual interest including the situation in the Gulf region, the Afghan peace process and the possibilities to further strengthen cooperation between the two countries in the oil and gas sector.

5. Eastern Economic Forum

PM Modi is the chief guest of the 5th Eastern Economic Forum (EEF), which is currently underway in Vladivostok. Russia has hosted the Eastern Economic Forum since 2015 to boost partnerships with Asian countries. The 5th Eastern Economic Forum is expected to focus on the development of businesses and investment opportunities in the Russian Far East Region. The forum presents a great opportunity to develop close and mutually beneficial cooperation between India and Russia in the region.

Speaking on Putin’s invitation to attend the Eastern Economic Forum, PM Modi said that the invitation for Eastern Economic Forum is a matter of great respect for him. The Prime Minister said that it is a historical occasion to give a new dimension to the support between the two countries.

6. India- Russia exchange 25 agreements

India and Russia exchanged 25 agreements in the field of defence, trade, industrial cooperation, investments, connectivity corridors and energy. The agreements were exchanged in the presence of Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Russian President Vladimir.

7. “Russia is an integral friend,” says PM Modi

8. PM Modi to be awarded Russia’s highest civilian honour

PM Modi expressed his gratitude to the Russian President Vladimir Putin and Russia for deciding to honour him with Russia's highest civilian award. The Indian prime minister will be awarded the ‘Order of St Andrew the Apostle’ in April for his exceptional services in promoting bilateral ties between India and Russia.

9. India and Russia agree to make AK-203 rifles

India and Russia also agreed to the proposal of Russia building 20 more nuclear power plants in India.

10. Full-fledged maritime route proposed between Chennai and Vladivostok

PM Modi stated that a proposal has been made to have a full fledged maritime route, which will link Chennai in India to Vladivostok in the Russian Far East region.

Why is PM Modi visiting Russian Far East region?

PM Modi’s visit to the Far East Region of Russia aims to diversify and further strengthen the bonds of the two nation’s robust bilateral relations. PM Modi is the first Indian Prime Minister to ever visit the region.

The key objective behind PM Modi’s visit is to participate in the 5th Eastern Economic Forum as the Chief Guest at the invitation of the Russian President and to conduct the 20th India-Russia Annual Summit.

India-Russia Bilateral Relations

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Putin, Zelenskyy Invite PM Modi After Elections: "See India As Peacemaker"

The prime minister's conversation with the two leaders comes in the backdrop of putin's reelection as president and no sign of a de-escalation in the russia-ukraine war..

In May last year, Prime Minister Narendra Modi met the Ukrainian President. (File Photo)

Prime Minister Narendra Modi spoke to Ukraine President Volodymyr Zelenskyy hours after speaking to Russian President Vladimir Putin. The Prime Minister's conversation with the two leaders comes in the backdrop of Putin's reelection as President and no sign of a de-escalation in the Russia-Ukraine war. Sources told NDTV that the two leaders said they see India as a peacemaker.

Sources said both Zelenskyy and Putin have invited Prime Minister Modi to visit their countries after the Lok Sabha elections. Prime Minister Modi last visited Russia in 2018.

Phone call with Zelenskyy

Prime Minister Modi discussed ways to strengthen India-Ukraine partnership and reiterated the nation's people-centric approach and calls for dialogue and diplomacy for the resolution of the ongoing conflict.

The Prime Minister said India would continue to do everything within its means to support a peaceful solution. Meanwhile, President Zelenskyy appreciated India's continued humanitarian assistance to the people of Ukraine. The two leaders agreed to remain in touch.

In May last year, Prime Minister Narendra Modi met the Ukrainian President on the sidelines of the G7 summit in Japan's Hiroshima. This was the first in-person meeting between the two leaders since the start of the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February last year.

Phone call with Putin

Earlier today, Prime Minister Narendra Modi dialled Russian President Vladimir Putin, congratulating him again on his re-election to the top office. During their telephonic conversation, both leaders agreed to intensify efforts towards expanding the India-Russia 'Special and Privileged Strategic Partnership'.

"Spoke with President Putin and congratulated him on his re-election as the President of the Russian Federation. We agreed to work together to further deepen and expand the India-Russia Special & Privileged Strategic Partnership in the years ahead," PM Modi said.

India has stressed diplomacy and discussion to resolve the conflict which began in February 2022 with Russia's full-scale invasion. The Ministry of External Affairs in a press briefing said, "India desires that there be discussion, there be diplomacy, there be constant engagements so that both sides can come together and find peace."

Putin's Re-election and war continues

Vladimir Putin won the Presidential elections, securing 87.17 per cent votes. The Communist Party of Russian Federation candidate Nikolai Kharitonov secured the second spot with 4.1 per cent of the votes while New People Party candidate Vladislav Davankov stood third with 4.8 per cent votes.

Putin has served four terms as Russian President. He was first elected President in 2000 and again in 2004, 2012, and 2018. He has effectively remained unchallenged in the polls and has strengthened his control over the Kremlin with another six-year term. The West has described the election as "incredibly undemocratic".

Ukraine has urged the US Congress to unblock a $60 billion aid package, which has been stalled due to political infighting. The delays have been a "shock" for Ukrainian officials, Foreign Minister Dmytro Kuleba said in an online briefing for foreign media.

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US Defence Secretary Lloys J Austin said, "Since the invasion, Russia has wasted up to USD 211 billion to equip, deploy, maintain and sustain its needless war on its neighbour," Austin said. "Putin's war of choice will cost Russia USD 1.3 trillion in previously anticipated economic growth through 2026."

"If Putin is successful in Ukraine, he will not stop there," Austin said. "Our allies and partners are here because they understand the stakes."

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Narendra Modi in Pune today: 2 lakh people expected to attend PM's mega rally at Race Course Ground | Details

Lok sabha election 2024: prime minister narendra modi is scheduled to hold a mega rally, 'maha vijay sankalp sabha', in maharashtra's pune today..

Prime Minister Narendra Modi is scheduled to hold a mega rally in Maharashtra's Pune city on Monday, April 29, to support all four Mahayuti candidates. The rally, Maha Vijay Sankalp Sabha, will be held at the Racecourse Ground between 4pm and 9pm.

Lok Sabha election: Prime Minister Narendra Modi to hold mega rally in Maharashtra's Pune today

Pune will vote on May 13 in the fourth phase of the Lok Sabha election 2024 . The counting of votes will be held on June 4.

The Mahayuti leaders, on Friday last week, held a meeting to review preparations for Modi's rally. After the meeting, Maharashtra higher and technical education Chandrakant Patil said, “PM Narendra Modi will hold a rally in Pune on April 29 at Race Course. We are expecting two lakh people for the rally. Party functionaries from Pune, Maval, Baramati and Shirur will be present on April 29. We held a meeting today to review preparations.”

Also read: 'Can I speak in Hindi': PM Modi talks about ‘heart-to-heart’ bond in Karnataka

Pm modi's maha vijay sankalp sabha in pune:.

PM Narendra Modi will hold the rally in support of four Mahayuti candidates - Murlidhar Mohol of the BJP in Pune, Sunetra Pawar of the NCP in Baramati, Shivajirao Adhalrao Patil of the NCP in Shirur and Shrirang Barne of the Shiv Sena in Maval constituency.
According to senior Maharashtra BJP leader Chandrakant Patil, around two lakh people are expected to attend the rally. Maharashtra Navnirman Sena (MNS) chief Raj Thackeray's son Amit Thackeray will also participate in the rally, Patil said.
While Modi will hold the rally and address the crowd in Pune, there are no plans for a roadshow. After the event, he will stay at the Raj Bhavan in Pune, reported news agency PTI.
In anticipation of Modi's rally, the Pune Police issued a set of traffic diversions , parking instructions, and regulations for heavy vehicle movement. According to the traffic police, two-way traffic will be facilitated from Paani Taaki to Turf Club Chowk in the racecourse area between 4 pm and 9 pm.
Similarly, the road will be closed from Turf Club’s main entrance to Turf Club Chowk. Apart from that, the stretch from Bishop School Circle to Turf Club Chowk will see no vehicular movement during these hours. Police have suggested Mammadevi Junction and Beur Road Junction as alternate routes for the closed roads. The movement of heavy vehicles, including trailers, containers, trucks, and others, has also been restricted within the city.
Meanwhile, the Maha Vikas Aghadi (MVA) postponed its scheduled public meeting on April 29 in Pune to April 30 in view of Modi's rally. Uddhav Thackeray and Sharad Pawar will attend the meeting.

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An assassination plot on American soil reveals a darker side of Modi’s India

The White House went to extraordinary lengths last year to welcome Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi in a state visit meant to bolster ties with an ascendant power and potential partner against China.

Tables on the South Lawn were decorated with lotus blooms, the symbol of Modi’s Bharatiya Janata Party. A chef was flown in from California to preside over a vegetarian menu. President Biden extolled the shared values of a relationship “built on mutual trust, candor and respect.”

But even as the Indian leader was basking in U.S. adulation on June 22, an officer in India’s intelligence service was relaying final instructions to a hired hit team to kill one of Modi’s most vocal critics in the United States.

The assassination is a “priority now,” wrote Vikram Yadav, an officer in India’s spy agency, the Research and Analysis Wing, or RAW, according to current and former U.S. and Indian security officials.

Repression’s long arm

Yadav forwarded details about the target, Sikh activist Gurpatwant Singh Pannun, including his New York address, according to the officials and a U.S. indictment. As soon as the would-be assassins could confirm that Pannun, a U.S. citizen, was home, “it will be a go ahead from us.”

Yadav’s identity and affiliation, which have not previously been reported, provide the most explicit evidence to date that the assassination plan — ultimately thwarted by U.S. authorities — was directed from within the Indian spy service. Higher-ranking RAW officials have also been implicated, according to current and former Western security officials, as part of a sprawling investigation by the CIA, FBI and other agencies that has mapped potential links to Modi’s inner circle.

In reports that have been closely held within the American government, U.S. intelligence agencies have assessed that the operation targeting Pannun was approved by the RAW chief at the time, Samant Goel. That finding is consistent with accounts provided to The Washington Post by former senior Indian security officials who had knowledge of the operation and said Goel was under extreme pressure to eliminate the alleged threat of Sikh extremists overseas. U.S. spy agencies have more tentatively assessed that Modi’s national security adviser, Ajit Doval, was probably aware of RAW’s plans to kill Sikh activists, but officials emphasized that no smoking gun proof has emerged.

Neither Doval nor Goel responded to calls and text messages seeking comment.

This examination of Indian assassination plots in North America, and RAW’s increasingly aggressive global posture, is based on interviews with more than three dozen current and former senior officials in the United States, India, Canada, Britain, Germany and Australia. Citing security concerns and the sensitivity of the subject, most spoke on the condition of anonymity.

That India would pursue lethal operations in North America has stunned Western security officials. In some ways, however, it reflects a profound shift in geopolitics. After years of being treated as a second-tier player, India sees itself as a rising force in a new era of global competition, one that even the United States cannot afford to alienate.

Asked why India would risk attempting an assassination on U.S. soil, a Western security official said: “Because they knew they could get away with it.”

The foiled assassination was part of an escalating campaign of aggression by RAW against the Indian diaspora in Asia, Europe and North America, officials said. The plot in the United States coincided with the June 18 shooting death of Sikh activist Hardeep Singh Nijjar in Surrey, B.C., near Vancouver — an operation also linked to Yadav, according to Western officials. Both plots took place amid a wave of violence in Pakistan, where at least 11 Sikh or Kashmiri separatists living in exile and labeled terrorists by the Modi government have been killed over the past two years.

The Indian intelligence service has ramped up its surveillance and harassment of Sikhs and other groups overseas perceived as disloyal to the Modi government, officials said. RAW officers and agents have faced arrest, expulsion and reprimand in countries including Australia, Germany and Britain, according to officials who provided details to The Post that have not previously been made public.

The revelations have added to Western concerns about Modi, whose tenure has been marked by economic growth and rising global stature for India, but also deepening authoritarianism. A recent report by Freedom House, a human rights organization, listed India among the world’s practitioners of “transnational repression,” a term for governments’ use of intimidation or violence against their own citizens — dissidents, activists, journalists — in others’ sovereign territory.

India is part of an expanding roster of countries employing tactics previously associated with China, Russia, Iran, Saudi Arabia and other repressive regimes. It is a trend fueled by factors ranging from surging strains of nationalism and authoritarianism to the spread of social media and spyware that both empower and endanger dissident groups.

India’s Ministry of External Affairs declined to respond to detailed questions submitted by The Post or provide comment for this article. Responding to questions raised by a Post reporter at a news briefing last week, spokesman Randhir Jaiswal said that India was still investigating the allegations and that the Pannun case “equally impacts our national security.”

Jaiswal referred reporters to previous ministry statements that targeted killings are “not our policy.”

For the Biden administration, which has spent three years cultivating closer ties with India, the assassination plots have pitted professed values against strategic interests.

Last July, White House officials began holding high-level meetings to discuss ways to respond without risking a wider rupture with India, officials said. CIA Director William J. Burns and others have been deployed to confront officials in the Modi government and demand accountability. But the United States has so far imposed no expulsions, sanctions or other penalties.

Even the U.S. criminal case reflects this restraint. Senior officials at the Justice Department and FBI had pushed to prosecute Yadav, officials said, a step that would have implicated RAW in a murder-for-hire conspiracy. But while a U.S. indictment unsealed in November contained the bombshell allegation that the plot was directed by an Indian official, it referred to Yadav as only an unnamed co-conspirator, “CC-1,” and made no mention of the Indian spy agency.

Justice Department officials who took part in the White House deliberations sided against those urging criminal charges against Yadav. Administration officials denied any undue influence. “Charging decisions are the prerogative of law enforcement alone,” said National Security Council spokesperson Adrienne Watson, “and the Biden NSC has rigorously respected that independence.”

The only U.S. charges made public to date are against an alleged middleman, Nikhil Gupta, who is described in the indictment as an Indian drug and weapons trafficker enlisted to hire a contract killer. Gupta, an Indian national who has denied the charges, was arrested in Prague on June 30 and remains in prison. He is awaiting a Czech court ruling on a U.S. request for his extradition.

Even in recent days, the Biden administration has taken steps to contain the fallout from the assassination plot. White House officials warned the Modi government this month that The Post was close to publishing an investigation that would reveal new details about the case. It did so without notifying The Post.

Laying a trap

For decades, RAW was regarded as a regional player, preoccupied by proxy wars with Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence spy agency. Under Modi, however, RAW has been wielded as a weapon against dissidents in India’s vast global diaspora, according to current and former U.S. and Indian officials.

The U.S. operation shows how RAW tried to export tactics it has used for years in countries neighboring India, officials said, including the use of criminal syndicates for operations it doesn’t want traced to New Delhi. It also exposed what former Indian security officials described as disturbing lapses in judgment and tradecraft.

After the plot against Pannun failed, the decision to entrust Yadav with the high-risk mission sparked recriminations within the agency, former officials said. Rather than joining RAW as a junior officer, Yadav had been brought in midcareer from India’s less prestigious Central Reserve Police Force, said one former official. As a result, the official said, Yadav lacked training and skills needed for an operation that meant going up against sophisticated U.S. counterintelligence capabilities.

Attempts by The Post to locate or contact Yadav were unsuccessful. A former Indian security official said he was transferred back to the Central Reserve Police Force after the Pannun plot unraveled.

The U.S. affidavit describes Yadav as an “associate” of Gupta who procured the alleged drug trafficker’s help by arranging for the dismissal of criminal charges he faced in India. Gupta had a history of collaborating with India’s security services on operations in Afghanistan and other countries, according to a person with knowledge of his background, but he had never been used for jobs in the West.

Petr Slepicka, a lawyer in Prague who represents Gupta, declined to comment on the case except to say that his client denies the charges against him. In court filings in India, Gupta’s family members described him as an innocent “middle-class businessman” whose arrest was a case of mistaken identity. They said he traveled to Prague “for tourism” and to explore new markets for a “handicraft” business, according to the court filings.

Yadav and Gupta spent weeks trading encrypted texts about the plot to kill Pannun, according to a U.S. affidavit filed in support of the request for Gupta’s extradition. To find a willing assassin, Gupta reached out to someone he had been in touch with for at least eight years and understood to be a drug and weapons dealer. In reality, according to the affidavit, the supposed dealer was an informant for the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration.

The two were discussing “another potential firearms and narcotics transaction,” according to the affidavit when, on May 30, Gupta abruptly asked “about the possibility of hiring someone to murder a lawyer living in New York.”

From that moment, U.S. agents had an inside but incomplete view of the unfolding conspiracy. They orchestrated Gupta’s introduction to a supposed assassin who was actually an undercover agent, according to court filings. They captured images of cash changing hands in a car in New York City — a $15,000 down payment on a job that was to cost $100,000 when completed.

At one point, the indictment said, U.S. agents even got footage of Gupta turning his camera toward three men “dressed in business attire, sitting around a conference room,” an apparent reference to Indian operatives overseeing the mission. “We are all counting on you,” Gupta told the purported assassin on the video call, according to the indictment.

Yadav indicated that there would be more jobs after Pannun, including one “big target” in Canada. But a separate hit team got to that assignment first, according to the U.S. indictment, suggesting that RAW was working with multiple criminal elements.

Hours after Nijjar was gunned down in his car on June 18 outside the Guru Nanak Sikh Gurdwara temple in Surrey, Yadav sent a video clip to Gupta “showing Nijjar’s bloody body slumped in his vehicle,” according to the indictment.

The message arrived as U.S. authorities were laying a trap for Gupta. Seeking to draw him out of India and into a friendly jurisdiction, U.S. agents used their DEA informant to persuade Gupta to travel to the Czech Republic for what he was led to believe would be a clandestine meeting with his American contact, according to officials familiar with the operation.

Gupta arrived in Prague on June 30 — 11 days after Czech authorities, acting at the behest of U.S. officials, had secretly issued an arrest warrant for him.

As he exited Vaclav Havel Airport, Gupta was intercepted by Czech police, who ushered him into a vehicle in which two U.S. federal agents were waiting, according to court filings submitted by Gupta’s family in India. He was questioned for hours while the car meandered around the city. His laptop was seized and his phone held to his face to unlock it, according to the family petition.

Gupta was eventually deposited in Prague’s Pankrac Prison, where he remains awaiting possible extradition. Seeking help, Gupta’s family tried to reach Yadav last year but could find no trace of him, according to a person familiar with the matter. After months of near-constant contact with Gupta, the person said, CC-1 had “disappeared.”

Engaging with the underworld

Though Yadav served as RAW’s point man, current and former officials said the operation involved higher-ranking officials with ties to Modi’s inner circle. Among those suspected of involvement or awareness are Goel and Doval, though U.S. officials said there is no direct evidence so far of their complicity.

As RAW chief at the time, Goel was “under pressure” to neutralize the alleged threat posed by Sikh extremists overseas, said a former Indian security official. Goel reported to Doval, and had ties to the hard-line national security adviser going back decades.

Both had built their reputations in the 1980s, when the country’s security services battled Sikh separatists and Muslim militants. They were part of a generation of security professionals shaped by those conflicts much the way their U.S. counterparts came to be defined by the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks.

Doval, 79, has claimed roles in undercover missions from the jungles of Myanmar to the back alleys of Lahore, Pakistan — tales that contributed to his frequent depiction in the press as the “James Bond of India.”

He also exhibited a willingness to engage with the criminal underworld. In 2005, after retiring as head of India’s domestic intelligence service, he was inadvertently detained by Mumbai police while meeting with a reputed gangster. Doval was seeking to enlist one crime boss to assassinate another, according to media reports later confirmed by senior Indian officials.

Before being tapped as national security adviser by Modi in 2014, Doval publicly called for India’s security apparatus to shift from “defense” to “defensive offense” against groups threatening India from other countries, especially Pakistan.

Goel, who was then rising into the senior ranks at RAW, shared Doval’s instincts. Police forces under Goel’s command in the early 1990s were tied to more than 120 cases of alleged extrajudicial killings, forced disappearances or torture, according to a database maintained by Ensaaf, an Indian human rights group based in the United States. Goel was so closely associated with the brutal crackdown that he became an assassination target, according to associates who said he took to traveling in a bulletproof vehicle.

Former Indian officials who know both men said Goel would not have proceeded with assassination plots in North America without the approval of his superior and protector.

“We always had to go to the NSA for clearance for any operations,” said A.S. Dulat, who served as RAW chief in the early 2000s, referring to the national security adviser. Dulat emphasized in an interview with The Post that he did not have inside knowledge of the alleged operations, and that assassinations were not part of RAW’s repertoire during his tenure.

U.S. intelligence agencies have reached a similar conclusion. Given Doval’s reputation and the hierarchical nature of the Indian system, CIA analysts have assessed that Doval probably knew of or approved RAW’s plans to kill Sikhs his government considered terrorists, U.S. officials said.

A fierce crackdown

India’s shift to “defensive offense” was followed by a series of clashes between RAW and Western domestic security services.

In Australia, two RAW officers were expelled in 2020 after authorities broke up what Mike Burgess, head of the Australian intelligence service, described as a “nest of spies.”

Foreign officers were caught monitoring “their country’s diaspora community,” trying to penetrate local police departments and stealing information about sensitive security systems at Australian airports, Burgess said in a 2021 speech. He didn’t name the service, but Australian officials confirmed to The Post that it was RAW.

In Germany, federal police have made arrests in recent years to root out agents RAW had recruited within Sikh communities. Among them, German officials said, were a husband and wife who operated a website purportedly covering local Sikh events but who were secretly on RAW’s payroll.

In Britain, RAW’s surveillance and harassment of the Sikh population — especially a large concentration near Birmingham — became so egregious in 2014 and 2015 that MI5, Britain’s domestic security service, delivered warnings to Goel, who was then serving as RAW’s station chief in London.

When confronted, Goel scoffed at his counterparts and accused them of coddling Sikh activists he said should be considered terrorists, according to current and former British officials. After further run-ins, British authorities threatened to expel him, officials said. Instead, Goel returned to New Delhi and continued to climb RAW’s ranks until, in 2019, he was given the agency’s top job.

RAW’s record of aggressive activity in Britain has fanned suspicion that the agency was involved in the death of Sikh activist Avtar Singh Khanda, who died in Birmingham last year, three days before Nijjar was killed in Canada. British officials have said Khanda suffered from leukemia and died of natural causes, though his family and supporters have continued to press for further investigation.

A U.S. State Department human rights report released this month catalogued India’s alleged engagement in transnational repression. It cited credible accounts of “extraterritorial killing, kidnapping, forced returns or other violence,” as well as “threats, harassment, arbitrary surveillance and coercion” of overseas dissidents and journalists.

RAW’s operations in Western countries during Modi’s tenure have been overwhelmingly aimed at followers of the Sikh religion, especially a minority faction seeking to revive the largely dormant cause of creating a separate state called “Khalistan.”

That movement had peaked in the 1980s, when thousands were killed in violent skirmishes between the Indian government and Sikh insurgents. One brutal sequence beginning in 1984 included an Indian assault on the Sikh religion’s holiest site, the Golden Temple; the assassination of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi by Sikhs in her security detail; and the bombing of an Air India flight widely attributed to Sikh extremists. A fierce crackdown quashed the insurgency, prompting an exodus of Sikhs to diaspora communities in Canada, the United States and Britain.

As Sikhs settled into their new lives abroad, the Khalistani cause went quiet until a new generation of activists — whose leaders included Pannun and Nijjar — sought to rekindle the movement with unofficial referendums on Sikh statehood and with protests that at times have seemed to glorify violence. A parade in Canada last year included a float depicting Indira Gandhi’s assassination, and Khalistan supporters have stormed and defaced Indian diplomatic facilities in Western cities.

The effort has seemed to gain little traction beyond a minority within the diaspora community. Even so, it has been portrayed as a resurgent menace by Modi and his Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party. Indian officials have accused Canada and the United States of harboring Sikh separatists who they say have plotted attacks and smuggled weapons into India.

Ajai Sahni, executive director of the Institute for Conflict Management in New Delhi and an expert on the insurgency in Punjab, said BJP depictions of the Sikh threat are “far in excess of what actually exists.” Officials have political incentive to exaggerate, he said, “because it is useful to polarize and to keep a threat alive so the state can present itself as a guarantor of security to 80 percent of the country — the Hindus — who are supposedly in danger.”

In recent years, Pannun and Nijjar had come to personify that alleged danger. In 2020, both men were declared terrorists by Modi’s government under an amended law that was denounced by U.N. officials and human rights groups for depriving suspects of due process. Their organization, Sikhs for Justice, was accused of leading “a concerted secessionist campaign.”

In an interview with The Post, Pannun denied engaging in terrorism and said he was targeted because of his activism on behalf of Sikhs. “They wanted to assassinate me so they can stop the ongoing Khalistan referendum movement for the secession of Punjab from Indian occupation,” he said.

In his few public remarks on the plots to kill Pannun and Nijjar , Modi has been dismissive. “If a citizen of ours has done anything good or bad, we are ready to look into it,” he said in an interview with the Financial Times published in late December. “Our commitment is to the rule of law.”

U.S. and Western security officials said it is unlikely that RAW would have launched such operations without a clear understanding that doing so would be met with approval by the prime minister.

Since coming to power in 2014, Modi has cultivated the aura of a Hindu strongman. He has jailed dissidents, released photos of himself riding in tanks and flying fighter jets, and boasted of ordering an airstrike in 2019 against nuclear-armed Pakistan.

Pro-Modi media outlets have burnished this bellicose image. Last year, as 11 alleged militants were killed in a wave of unclaimed attacks in Pakistan, favored Indian TV stations celebrated the “professional” killing of Khalistanis outside India’s borders. Among those killed was Paramjit Singh Panjwar, 63, a leader of a militant group called the Khalistan Commando Force, who was shot dead last May near a park in Lahore by two gunmen who fled on motorcycle, according to media reports.

Resolving the matter internally

Even as the alleged RAW assassination plots reached their final stages, officials in both the United States and Canada remained unaware of the full dimensions of the conspiracy.

In Canada, Nijjar’s death was at first assumed to be a case of score-settling between rival Sikh and criminal factions in British Colombia. In the United States, the Pannun plot was for weeks treated as a DEA case.

It wasn’t until Gupta’s arrest that U.S. officials obtained evidence that an officer in India’s spy service was behind the conspiracy, officials said. Devices seized from Gupta provided a trove of new intelligence, including his extensive communications with Yadav, officials said.

Shortly afterward, in July, the White House convened a series of “deputies committee” meetings led by deputy national security adviser Jon Finer and involving Deputy Attorney General Lisa Monaco and Deputy CIA Director David Cohen.

Those assembled confronted evidence of a grave violation of U.S. sovereignty by a nation seen as increasingly indispensable in the global competition with China. After weeks of deliberations, administration officials settled on a plan they hoped would ward off future plots without causing deeper ruptures with India.

In early August, the administration dispatched CIA Director Burns to New Delhi to confront his counterparts with intelligence on the Pannun plot and give Modi’s government a chance to resolve the matter internally. The United States would refrain from punitive responses but pushed India to hold those responsible accountable. The message was reinforced in subsequent closed-door conversations, including a private meeting in New Delhi in September between Modi and Biden, officials said.

There would be no expulsions of RAW officers or economic sanctions against India. A deal to sell up to $4 billion in U.S. armed drones to India, briefly put on pause, was allowed to proceed when key congressional leaders signed off. Justice Department officials opted for at least the time being not to file charges against Yadav.

The approach has struck some as too accommodating. Several current and former officials noted that, in contrast to the decision on Yadav, the United States has in recent years filed charges against Russian and Iranian intelligence officers in alleged plots on American soil.

A Justice Department spokesperson declined to comment on the India case, saying it is an “ongoing matter.”

The treatment of India does, however, have echoes of how the United States dealt with Saudi Arabia after Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman was implicated in the killing of Jamal Khashoggi, a U.S. resident and Washington Post contributing columnist who was killed and dismembered in the Saudi Consulate in Istanbul.

White House officials defend their actions, saying that in private meetings Modi and his closest advisers have taken the matter seriously and pledged accountability. Officials noted that Yadav could still be charged and other penalties imposed if New Delhi fails to follow through on these commitments.

Canada, which has the world’s largest Sikh population outside India, took a more forceful approach. In September, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau publicly accused India of complicity in the killing of Nijjar and expelled RAW’s station chief in Ottawa.

Relations between the countries went into a tailspin. Canada withdrew 41 diplomats from India after Modi’s government threatened to revoke their legally protected status. Canadian officials who traveled to New Delhi for meetings with Doval and others said they were greeted with denials of Indian involvement and lectures on alleged Sikh terrorism.

Canadian intelligence agencies saw a surge in communications from Indian officials in Delhi to Indian diplomats in Ottawa conspicuously professing ignorance about who was responsible for Nijjar’s killing — exchanges that Canadian officials came to regard as disinformation intended to be intercepted and confuse investigators, officials said.

The standoff eased over the ensuing months, officials said, as Modi officials facing U.S.-provided evidence came to realize that their denials were untenable.

‘The New India’

There are indications that India planned a broader wave of killings in the United States and Canada.

Yadav had told Gupta there were “three or four” other people RAW wanted dead once Nijjar and Pannun had been assassinated, according to the affidavit. Gupta, in turn, told a U.S. agent posing as a hit man that there are “so many targets.”

In the past two years, at least five Sikh activists in the United States and five in Canada were warned by law enforcement to take precautions. Among them was Pritpal Singh in Fremont, Calif., who said he was visited by FBI agents days after Nijjar was killed.

India continues to treat the matter with a mixture of indignation and resignation.

The government appointed a special panel to investigate the attacks and report its findings to the United States. A U.S. delegation that traveled to New Delhi several weeks ago for an update on the probe, however, returned with little evidence of meaningful progress. Indian officials gave no indication that their investigation would implicate senior officials in Modi’s government, said officials briefed on the trip, and pressed their U.S. visitors to supply more information supporting their allegations.

Goel stepped down as RAW chief on June 30 — the day Gupta was taken into custody. Weeks earlier, Goel had sounded confident about securing a contract extension, a friend said.

RAW has called back officers in Washington, San Francisco and elsewhere with ties to Goel. But others remain overseas, including operatives assigned to the consulate in Vancouver whom Canadian officials said they suspect of having provided logistics or intelligence support to Nijjar’s assailants. An investigation by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police is ongoing.

Some in India have bristled at what they perceive as a Western double standard. Citing the campaigns of targeted killings carried out by the United States after the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks, they question why Delhi should not be entitled to take similar measures against those it deems terrorists.

Western officials reject the comparison, noting that U.S. counterterrorism operations, including drone strikes, were largely confined to ungoverned territories — not major cities in partner democracies.

For Modi, the assassination allegations appear to have only bolstered his political standing.

Almost a year after he was feted at the White House, the Indian prime minister is poised to clinch a third term in national elections that began this month. At a recent campaign rally in Rajasthan state, Modi told thousands of cheering supporters, “Today, even India’s enemies know: This is Modi, this is the New India.”

“This New India,” he added, “comes into your home to kill you.”

Cate Brown, Souad Mekhennet and Aaron Schaffer in Washington, Karishma Mehrotra in New Delhi and Ladka Bauerova in Prague contributed to this report.

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Farm suicides, anger haunt Indian villages that Modi promised hope

Villages where Modi launched his farm outreach a decade ago have seen deaths and debt mount since then. And the goodwill for the Indian PM is evaporating — turning into staunch criticism.

Family members of Vithal Rathod, the farmer in Dabhadi village who took his own life, stand outside their home in Yavatmal. It was in Dabhadi that Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched his farm outreach in 2014. A decade later, crosses losses, debts and deaths are mounting [Kunal Purohit/Al Jazeera]

Yavatmal, India – Like everyone else around him, Vithal Rathod was excited for what the future held for him and their village when Narendra Modi became India’s prime minister on May 26, 2014.

Just two months earlier, on March 20 that year, Modi had picked the 45-year-old farmer’s village of Dabhadi from the more than 15,500 villages in the Vidarbha region of the western Indian state of Maharashtra to launch his outreach to the country’s farmers. The visit was important for Modi, eyeing the PM’s chair at the time, to be able to reach out to the 65 percent of India’s population that is engaged in agriculture.

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During his visit to Dabhadi, Modi had sipped tea with farmers like Rathod, visited farms in the village and promised an end to the death and despair that had long haunted the predominantly rural, impoverished part of Maharashtra state. A lack of adequate irrigation, erratic weather patterns and fluctuating global prices for cotton – the principal crop grown there – meant that farmers suffered repeated losses and found themselves in debt. The resulting frustration drove more than 9,000 farmers to take their own lives between 2001 and 2014.

Modi came and said what the farmers wanted to hear. “Your pain, your struggle and your troubles will force me to do something good,” he told Rathod and the thousands who had gathered to hear him. “I want to tie myself to this promise, I want to talk to experts and find such solutions that no poor farmer has to kill himself,” he said.

Rathod went back home, reassured, to his family of five and tried to put his recurring farm losses behind him. He had a one-hectare (2.5-acre) farm, not far from where Modi spoke.

But by the following year, Rathod’s losses grew and his optimism shrank. In 2015, Rathod became a statistic: he hanged himself to death from the ceiling of his home, just off the main road that leads to Dabhadi village, following another year of crop losses, making his 120,000 rupee debt ($1,440) insurmountable.

Rathod was not alone in feeling let down. Ten years after Modi’s visit, his promise seems to have crumbled – even as India’s prime minister once again campaigns for reelection, this time for a third stint in office.

Data obtained by this correspondent shows the number of farmer suicides in the region has grown in the decade that Modi has been in power, compared with the preceding 10 years when the now-in-opposition Congress party ruled the country.

Between January 2004 and December 2014, 9,671 farmers died by suicide. That number rose to 10,122 for the period from January 2015 to December 2023, according to information collected from the Amravati Divisional Commissionerate in Vidarbha, which oversees the administration of five of the country’s districts worst affected by suicides: Amravati, Yavatmal, Buldhana, Akola and Washim. The actual number of farm suicides in the region under Modi is even higher – since the PM came to power in May 2014.

On average, between 2004 and 2014, each year would see this region record an average of 879 suicide deaths by farmers. Since 2015, that number has risen to 1,125 suicides each year, on average – or three farmers taking their lives every day.

The paradox of Maharashtra, the country’s richest state where Modi’s Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) has been in power locally for most of the past decade, also serving as the nerve centre of the country’s agrarian crisis, has only deepened over the past decade.

Now, as India’s national election rolls on, the anger over failed promises is visible in farm pockets across the region – parts of which vote on Friday, April 26.

Nowhere more than in Dabhadi itself.

Farmers Ganesh Rathod and Prithviraj Pawar point to the location where Narendra Modi held a political rally in 2014 in his bid to become the country's PM-1714101825

Schemes that go nowhere

In the Rathod household, nine years after their principal breadwinner’s suicide, the family’s struggles have remained static – despite Modi government schemes that are meant to benefit farmer families like theirs.

Rameshwar, 25, Rathod’s son, had to quit his studies after his father’s death. Rameshwar has instead been doing what his father did – making the most of their one-hectare farm while falling deeper into debt.

Last year, he sowed cotton on his farm, but unexpectedly heavy rainfall washed his crops away. “I expected 40 quintals [4 tonnes] of cotton produce, but ended up getting only 5 quintals [500kg or 1,100 pounds],” Rameshwar says, standing outside the room where his father hung himself.

He turned to the Modi government’s flagship scheme, the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY), a crop insurance scheme meant to compensate farmers for such losses. The scheme is meant to “provide a comprehensive insurance cover against failure of the crop thus helping in stabilising the income of the farmers”, according to the initiative’s website.

A back-of-the-envelope showed him his losses were close to 235,000 rupees ($2,815). He applied for the insurance money but got only 10,000 rupees ($120), an amount determined based on local officials’ estimate of the damage his farm suffered.

Putting on a brave face, he hoped the next crop he sowed, wheat, could help him recoup his losses. But in March this year, a hailstorm in the region destroyed nearly half his standing crop. He has, yet again, applied for compensation under the PMFBY. A month later, Rameshwar is still waiting.

Like his father, Rameshwar is now running high debts. His father was impressed by Modi, but he is not. Rameshwar is going to back the opposition parties in these polls.

Many others in his village have had a similar reversal of feelings.

Prithviraj Pawar holds up the wheat crop that was damaged in March, which he is yet to be compensated for-1714101930

A change of heart

Narendra Dabhane, the former village chief of Dabhadi, used to be “so spellbound by Modi that I would scold those who would criticise him”, he says, sitting in the courtyard of his home in the village.

“I used to tell people, he is a man sent by God to help us,” Dabhane says, with an embarrassed smile. “I kept thinking that our village was going to become a paradise, now that the PM had made such emphatic promises.”

Within months of Modi coming to power, though, Dabhane started feeling betrayed.

Modi, in his speech, had proposed what seemed to be a revolutionary idea, what he called the “5F formula from farm to fibre to fabric to fashion to foreign” – the idea that their cotton produce could be converted to readymade garments right here, in Vidarbha. The result would be that factories would be set up, so the children of farmers could be employed. The garments would then be exported around the world. That was the dream that Dabhadi was sold.

None of that happened. Dabhane does not know of any such supply chains being developed – both of his sons had to migrate to neighbouring districts to get jobs.

Last year, Dabhane sowed cotton on his 1.2-hectare (three-acre) farm just outside the village. Much of his crop was damaged in the rains, and the remaining fetched a price of 6,800 rupees per quintal ($81 per 100 kilos) of cotton. His earnings are “less than what I used to get for my cotton 10 years ago”, he said.

Government data shows that there had been a 74 percent increase in state-mandated support price for medium-staple cotton, from 3,800 rupees ($46) in 2015-16 to 6,620 rupees ($79) in 2024-25.

But many farmers insist that traders seldom heed these prices. And Dabhane points to what this data does not reveal.

“All the inputs that go into the farm have become exorbitantly expensive,” he said. “A bag of fertiliser that cost us 500 rupees [$6] 10 years ago, is now nearly 1,700 rupees [$20],” he said. “We are also paying the [Modi government-introduced] Goods and Services Tax on everything from pesticides to tractors,” he said.

Like Rathod, Dabhane, too, suffered heavy losses twice in the last few months with his cotton and wheat crops failing due to poor weather. But unlike Rathod, who at least got a measly 10,000 rupees, Dabhane got nothing, he said.

All this has meant that while Modi, in February 2016, had said he “dreamed” that farmers’ incomes would “double” by 2022, farmers like Dabhane have seen their real incomes shrinking.

From a Modi supporter, Dabhane has now turned into a fierce critic. In February this year, when Modi visited Yavatmal district, under which Dabhadi falls, Dabhane and a few others put up banners listing out 16 promises they said Modi made to them in his 2014 speech in the village.

“We even made black chai on that day,” he says, laughing, as a riposte to Modi’s famed Chai Pe Charcha (Chats over Chai) campaign. During his 2014 election outreach, Modi – who says he used to sell tea or chai at a railway station as a young man – helped campaign events over cups of tea to underscore those humble beginnings. The local police, he said, arrested him for the protest and released him after Modi left.

The crisis has affected not just smaller farmers like Dabhane, but also many others who are ambitious and are trying to make farming a more sustainable source of livelihood.

Prithviraj Pawar, 43, owns two hectares (five acres) and has leased another six hectares (15 acres), to be able to cultivate crops like soybean and wheat. Last year, Pawar’s two-hectare cultivate of soybeans suffered severe losses, his yield falling from the expected 25 quintals to merely 12 quintals, his losses over 60,000 rupees ($720). “The insurance scheme only gave me 11,000 rupees [$132], which did not even remotely cover my expenses, leave alone my losses.”

Pawar has a unique connection to Modi – he is now cultivating, on a lease, the farm on which Modi held his 2014 event. This year, though, the farm is mostly dry and the wheat crop stunted due to the hailstorm in March that also destroyed Rameshwar’s crop.

Such lived experiences, along with the Modi government’s chequered record in dealing with farmers – from bringing in three controversial new laws to regulate Indian agriculture in 2020, to repeated instances of police violence against protesting farmers – have made many in Vidarbha wary of the government’s intent.

On his part, Modi has repeatedly tried to reach out to the farming community in the region. He has already held three public meetings in the region, including one in the neighbouring Wardha district on April 19 where he reportedly blamed the opposition Congress responsible for the “longstanding challenges farmers faced in the country”.

But many like Dabhane and Rathod, and others across the region, remain unconvinced and bitter. To them, new speeches are not going to wash away old betrayals.

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Reporting by Haripriya Suresh, Dhanya Skariachan, Ananya Mariam Rajesh and Hritam Mukherjee in Bengaluru, Chris Thomas in Kottayam, Nikunj Ohri in Mathura, Tanvi Mehta in Noida, Sakshi Dayal, Shivam Patel and Shivangi Acharya in Delhi; Writing by YP Rajesh; Editing by Stephen Coates, Raju Gopalakrishnan and Miral Fahmy; Editing by Toby Chopra

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Dhanya Skariachan is the Spot Companies News Editor for Reuters in India, overseeing a 24-member team in charge of breaking news on India Inc. She started her journalism career in 2006 and has worked at the news agency’s bureaus in Bengaluru and New York. She has also run the South Indian newsrooms of Mint, taught the ACJ-Bloomberg business journalism class at the Asian College of Journalism, and led the business news team at Deccan Herald. She has broken news on companies ranging from Walmart to Best Buy and interviewed some of the biggest newsmakers in the world from Jeff Bezos to Vishal Sikka. She was nominated for Newswomen's Club of New York Front Page Awards for beat reporting in 2010. She was recently named a co-winner of a Reuters 2023 Journalists of the Year Award in the beat coverage category.

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PM Modi meets local fruit seller Mohini Gowda in Karnataka

Prime minister narendra modi on monday met mohini gowda, a fruit seller from ankola, during his recent visit to sirsi in karnataka..

Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Monday met Mohini Gowda, a fruit seller from Ankola, during his recent visit to Sirsi in Karnataka. On his arrival at the helipad, he first met Mohini Gowda; afterwards, PM Modi participated in a public rally in Sirsi, Uttara Kannada district in Karnataka.

Mohini Gowda is a fruit seller from Ankola and she sells fruits wrapped in leaves at Ankola Bus Stand. She has a unique trait that if some people throw the leaves after eating fruits, she picks the leaves and throws them in the dustbin. PM Modi praised her for the good work that she is doing. Later while addressing a rally Prime Minister Narendra Modi asserted that for the first time ruling government has a historic number of MPs and MLAs from SC, ST and OBC communities, constituting 60% of the Union Council of Ministers.

"Congress never believed in making leaders from the Adivasi or Dalit community. Whereas, the BJP has always tried to give a higher representation to the backward classes. For the first time since independence, there is a huge number of MPs and MLAs from SC, ST and OBC communities in the ruling government... They form about 60% of the Union Council of Ministers," he said. He also said that 100 districts that were declared backwards by Congress were converted by the BJP government into Aspirational Districts and as a result, over 25 crore people moved out of poverty in the past decade from there.

"Congress declared over 100 districts as backwards and left them to their fate. We decided to convert them into Aspirational Districts. Our welfare initiatives in those areas are monitored daily and, as a result, over 25 crore people have moved out of poverty in the past decade," he said. (ANI)

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