css if safari conditional

Conditional CSS

Tiffany B. Brown , Webinista, Inc.

• @webinista on the Twitters
• Former member of the Opera Developer Relations & Tools Team
• Currently a freelance web developer
• 2012 MinneWebCon speaker and fan of Minneapolis between May and September.

What is Conditional CSS?

CSS features and their associated JavaScript APIs that let us apply styles or behaviors when a particular condition is met.

Conditional CSS: three @rules

• @viewport (not really conditional)

@media : a recap

Set styles for a particular media type.

@media and media queries

Applies styles for particular media features.

• device-width
• device-height
• orientation
• aspect-ratio
• device-aspect-ratio
• color-index

Media queries syntax example

@media demo

Media queries syntax examples

• @media only print
• @media not (aspect-ratio: 4/3)
• @media (min-width:400px) and (device-aspect-ratio: 16/9)
• @media screen and (min-width:400px), print and (max-width: 8.5in)

Media queries in style sheet links

Media with the <video> element.

With video demo

Media queries in SVG

Does not work in Internet Explorer 10.

• Based on the width of the SVG viewport
• Can refine, show, or hide SVG details as the image is scaled
• Allows for reusable, resizable elements

In SVG demo

matchMedia()

Window.matchmedia() api.

• An API for interacting with media queries.
• Defined in the Media Queries Level 3 Specification

matchMedia() syntax

Argument must be a valid @media rule.

• matchMedia("screen and (min-width:400px)");
• matchMedia("(orientation: landscape)");

Returns a MediaQueryList object.

MediaQueryList interface

• media : returns list of queries or not all if the argument isn't valid.
• matches : returns true if the state of the rendered document matches the media query, false otherwise
• addListener() : Adds a media query listener.
• removeListener() : Removes the media query listener.

Adding a media query listener

matchMedia listener demo

matchMedia() browser support

*Available in Chrome for Android as of version 25 and Firefox for Android as of version 19. ( Source: CanIUse.com ).

How @supports works

• Supported without a prefix in browsers that support it.
• Styles applied only when the property is supported and value is valid and supported .
• Can set more than one condition using and or or .
• Can negate a condition using not
• Use parentheses to group and and or conditions.

@supports syntax

@supports syntax example.

@supports simple demo

@supports example using not

@supports using negation

@supports using and & or

(Where -x- is a vendor prefix.)

@supports grouping conditions

CSS.supports()

Window.css.supports().

• The DOM-based API counterpart to @supports
• Originally conceived of as window.supportsCSS();
• Now a CSS object attached to the window with a supports() method.

CSS.supports() syntax

Returns true if both property is supported, and the value is valid and supported. Returns false otherwise.

Testing for @supports support

• !!window.CSSRule.SUPPORTS_RULE : tests whether support is available at all
• 'CSS' in window : tests whether the API is available as the CSS object.
• 'supportsCSS' in window : tests whether the API is available using supportsCSS() instead
• Try atsupports.js , written by yours truly.

<meta name="viewport">

• First introduced in iOS Safari
• Divorces the document viewport dimensions from the browser window dimensions

How viewport works

Left: no viewport set. Right width=device-width

@viewport browser support

Viewport sizing units.

Sizes relative to the viewport's dimensions.

• vw : 1% of viewport width
• vh : 1% viewport height
• vmin : 1% of viewport’s smaller dimension
• vmax : 1% of viewport’s larger dimension

* Partial support in IE9. **Chrome for Android added support in version 25. †Presto-based Opera. Oprium will inherit Chrome's support. Source

Viewport units demo

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Handling safari compatibility in react with css modules, introduction.

Developing web applications that work seamlessly across different browsers is a common challenge for developers. Each browser has its quirks and behaviors, and Safari is no exception. In this post, we'll dive into a React-based solution to handle Safari-specific styling using CSS Modules.

The Challenge with Safari

Safari, the default browser on Apple devices, sometimes requires different CSS rules to achieve the same look and feel as in browsers like Chrome or Firefox. These differences can range from minor visual discrepancies to significant layout issues. To ensure a consistent user experience, developers need to detect when the app is running in Safari and apply the necessary styles.

Detecting Safari in React

To determine whether the user is on Safari, we can use the navigator.userAgent property within a React component. Here's a snippet of how it can be done:

In this code, we're using a regular expression to test the navigator.userAgent string. The regex checks if the user agent does not include the words "chrome" or "android" and does contain "safari", which is a common way to detect Safari browsers.

Applying Conditional Styles with CSS Modules

CSS Modules are a popular way to include styles in React components. They allow for local scope and composition of CSS classes, which can be very beneficial for maintaining a large code base. Here's how we can conditionally apply a class using CSS Modules:

In the component, we start with a base container class. If the browser is detected as Safari, we add the safari_container class to the array. We then use join(' ') to concatenate the class names into a single string, which is passed to the className prop of the div .

Defining Safari-Specific Styles

In our App.module.less file, we can define styles that should only apply to Safari browsers. For instance:

This LESS snippet will turn all h1 elements within elements of class safari_container red, but only in Safari browsers. This approach keeps Safari-specific styles neatly separated and easy to manage.

By detecting the Safari browser within a React component and applying conditional class names with CSS Modules, we can effectively manage browser-specific styling issues. This method allows for a clean and maintainable codebase, ensuring that users have a consistent experience across all platforms.

Remember to test across a variety of browsers and devices to ensure that your web application looks and functions as intended. Happy coding!

(Exclusive) Conditional-CSS for Safari Touch

Want an easier way to re-style and optimize your pages to work better in Safari Touch (or Mobile Safari if you prefer) on the iPhone or iPod Touch? I did and now with a custom version of Allan Jardine ‘s Conditional-CSS I have it. And you do too.

I was intrigued by Conditional-CSS when I read about it a few weeks ago. Put simply, Conditional-CSS takes the concept and syntax of Microsoft's proprietary conditional comments, you know the ones;

and extends them to other browsers. But it gets better. With a little server-side parsing behind the scenes, Conditional-CSS allows you to place your browser conditional CSS styles within your CSS style-sheet instead of in the <head> of your document.

As Allan Jardine explains.

Conditional-CSS allows you to write maintainable CSS with conditional logic to target specific CSS statements at both individual browsers and groups of browsers.

Targeting specific browsers or even versions of a browser requires only a conditional [if browser/version] statement in your CSS.

Let's imagine for a moment that you need to style a div element differently for Firefox than for Safari or any other browser. Conditional-CSS makes that easier than slipping on grease covered underpants. Declare in your style-sheet:

Conditional-CSS includes conditional statements that enable you to target versions of Internet Explorer (including Mac and IE mobile), Gecko based browsers, Webkit based browsers, Opera and even Playstation Portable. Delve deeper into Conditional-CSS and you will find that it also enables you to target grades of browsers in the way that Yahoo outlined as Graded Browser Support .

Conditional-CSS works. In-fact, it is as bomb-proof as wearing a steel hat in an concrete bunker.

Written by Andy Clarke .

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• CSS Conditional Rules

CSS Conditional Rules is a CSS module that allows to define a set of rules that will only apply based on the capabilities of the processor or the document the style sheet is being applied to.

Specifications

Browser compatibility, document tags and contributors.

• CSS Reference

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Extending CSS when / else chains: A first look

CSS authors use CSS conditional rules to define a set of rules based on the capabilities of a processor or document a style sheet is applied to. Some of these rules enable authors to perform logic within the style sheet.

For example, CSS authors use @media to make media queries and selectively apply styling to a document. Similarly, the @support rule is used for querying a user’s agent’s support for new CSS features.

On their own, these rules are very useful. Many times, however, CSS authors may need to combine these rules to create conditional statements. This is commonly done because different style rules apply under different circumstances.

Presently, this behavior can be quite tricky to implement in CSS since authors must carefully craft the style sheet in a way to account for all conditions.

With regards to these issues, there are two new conditional rules proposed to solve them: @when and @else . At the time of posting, the @when proposal was resolved to be adopted “into the next level of CSS conditionals” by CSSWG .

But what are they and how can we use them?

In this article, we’ll take a first look at these new conditional rules, including some practical uses for them within style sheets.

Creating generalized conditional rules with @when

The proposed @when rule generalizes conditionals, so instead of using a specific conditional rule for a specific task, such as a feature query with @support , you can generalize your rule block to use two or more kinds of queries.

You can think of it as a wrapper for other CSS conditional rules, such as @media and @support .

So, suppose you want to test to see whether a media screen is below 769 pixels and perform two feature queries to check whether the browser supports both grid and flex display features . If true , you also want to set only one item per grid column.

Without @when , you might have to write something similar to this:

In the above code, we check for three conditions before activating the following style sheet and use two different conditional rules.

But with @when , we can create a generalized rule to wrap all the disparate conditions into one statement:

This is great, but it raises the following question: what will happen if the conditions (queries) in the @when statement evaluates to false ?

Well, technically nothing will happen. If the condition in @when fails, the CSS engine ignores its style block and falls back to the default styles.

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Again, this is great for simple cases. But what if you want to create something longer than just two conditions? Say if condition one is true , we want to apply style block one. Otherwise, if condition two is true , we want to apply style two. If neither conditions are true , we fall back to the default style.

The Level 4 specification of CSS conditionals proposes the @else rule for the creation of conditional rule chains in CSS.

Using @when inline

@when can also be used inline. In the following example, we will set a grid of three items per column on an element. Then, we must change to a single item per grid column when width is less than 400 pixels:

By using @when inside the style block above, we can specify different style rules to activate when the element achieves a stated condition, such as when its width is less than 400px.

Creating conditional chains with @else

The @else conditional rule allows authors to create a series of conditional rules, thereby forming a conditional chain.

In the previous code, we created a generalized conditional to make media, support queries, and apply a set of styles if the condition is true . However, there is no fallback condition in case the conditions specified in @when evaluates to false.

By using @else , we can create a chain of conditional statements, each containing a condition to evaluate.

At the end of the chain lies a fallback if all other conditions evaluate to false :

Without conditional chaining, this is how you achieve the same thing:

Compared to the conditional chain, this code is unreadable and a lot of content was duplicated across the various code blocks. The more complex your styling gets, the more difficult everything becomes.

Note that in a conditional chain, only one rule is picked. For example, if the condition in the first rule evaluates to true , then the following rules in the chain must evaluate to false .

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A new way to write media queries

So far, we used min-width and max-width to set breakpoints for styling. Semantically, these terms can be difficult to understand.

min-width refers to larger screens, while max-width refers to smaller screens. This can get quite tricky to make sense of, especially for beginners.

With this in mind, a more semantic way to write query conditions was introduced in the Level 4 specification for media queries .

So, instead of writing your media queries this way:

You can soon write them this way instead :

This syntax makes more sense compared to using the min and max properties because you do not need to understand what max-width and min-width actually stands for. Using comparison operators makes media queries much easier to read and understand.

Support extensions for CSS conditional rules

In addition to @when and @else , the Level 4 update includes extensions to support the rules, allowing testing for supported font technologies.

The CSSWG Conditional Rules Module Level 4 draft provides a good example of how the new conditional rules can query for supported font technologies:

So, in the above code, we’re testing three different font color technologies. The first rule tests for COLRv1 , which supports both gradients and font variations. If the browser supports them, it sets the font face accordingly and ignores the rest of the chain.

Otherwise, it tests the second rule, and so on. In the end, only one font face style will activate.

@when and @else may be coming along, but not without an issue. There is a strong debate against the use of @when since @if is considered a more common name.

But, @when was picked to avoid conflict with Sass, a popular CSS preprocessor .

SASS already uses a rule called @if , which controls whether or not a style block gets evaluated or activated.

Others, however, are suggesting different names, such as @where .

Regardless of its name, one cannot deny that these rules will be very useful when officially implemented by web browsers.

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CSS @when / @else conditional rules

Syntax allowing CSS conditions (like media and support queries) to be written more simply, as well as making it possible to write mutually exclusive rules using @else statements.

• 4 - 123 : Not supported
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• 3.1 - 17.3 : Not supported
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• 17.5 - TP : Not supported
• 2 - 124 : Not supported
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• 9 - 108 : Not supported
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• 5.5 - 10 : Not supported
• 11 : Not supported

Chrome for Android

Safari on ios.

• 3.2 - 17.3 : Not supported
• 17.5 : Not supported

Samsung Internet

• 4 - 23 : Not supported
• 24 : Not supported
• all : Not supported

Opera Mobile

• 10 - 12.1 : Not supported
• 80 : Not supported

UC Browser for Android

• 15.5 : Not supported

Android Browser

• 2.1 - 4.4.4 : Not supported

Firefox for Android

• 14.9 : Not supported

Baidu Browser

• 13.52 : Not supported

KaiOS Browser

• 2.5 : Not supported
• 3 : Not supported

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if/else condition in CSS

Given an HTML file and we need to apply using if-else conditions in CSS. No, We can not use if-else conditions in CSS as CSS doesn’t support logics. But we can use some alternatives to if-else which are discussed below: Method 1: In this method, we will use classes in HTML file to achieve this. We will define different class names according to the conditions which we want to apply in CSS.

• Suppose we want to change the color of text according to the line number then the if-else condition will be:
• By using the above-discussed method, we will create classes and then apply CSS in it:

So, the above classes will execute only for HTML tags in which these classes are used. Example:

Method 2: We can use CSS preprocessors like SASS which allows us to write condition statements in it. Even if you use SASS you have to pre-process your stylesheets which means that the condition are evaluated at compile time, not at run time. Syntax:

To know more about SASS click here To read about if-else in SASS click here Supported Browsers:

• Google Chrome
• Internet Explorer

CSS is the foundation of webpages, is used for webpage development by styling websites and web apps.You can learn CSS from the ground up by following this CSS Tutorial and CSS Examples .

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Tags: :  CSS Safari Troubleshooting Browser Compatibility

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Safari 15: New UI, Theme Colors, and… a CSS-Tricks Cameo!

There’s a 33-minute video (and resources) over on apple.com covering the upcoming Safari changes we saw in the WWDC keynote this year in much more detail. Look who’s got a little cameo in there:

Perhaps the most noticeable thing there in Safari 15 on iOS is URL bar at the bottom ! Dave was speculating in our little Discord watch party that this probably fixes the weird issues with 100vh stuff on iOS. But I really just don’t know, we’ll have to see when it comes out and we can play with it. I’d guess the expectation is that, in order for us to do our own fixed-bottom-UI stuff, we’d be doing:

On desktop, the most noticeable visual feature is probably the theme-color meta tags.

This isn’t even a brand new Apple-only thing. This is the same <meta> tag that Chrome’s Android app has used since 2014 , so you might already be sporting it on your own site. The addition is that it supports media queries.

It’s great to see Safari get aspect-ratio and the new fancy color systems like lab() and lch() as well. Top-level await in JavaScript is great as it makes patterns like conditional imports easier.

I don’t think all this would satisfy Alex . We didn’t exactly get alternative browser engines on iOS or significant PWA enhancements (both of which would be really great to see). But I applaud it all—it’s good stuff. While I do think Google generally takes privacy more seriously than what general internet chatter would have to believe, it’s notable to compare each company’s newly-released features. If you’ll forgive a bit of cherry-picking, Google is working on FLoC , a technology very specifically designed to help targeted advertising. Apple is working on Private Relay , a technology very specifically to making web browsing untrackable.

I’ve been using the iOS 15 beta for a few days, and I’ve liked how Safari handles the viewport height for the most part. While the URL bar is in its normal state, the viewport extends to the bottom of the screen (and going past the safe area on devices with a notch). The viewport shrinks down to right above the URL bar when it becomes hidden.

This video might explain it better than I can.

Last Christmas, my wife got me a new Android phone with 6” display. On it, Android 11 featured Chrome serach bar at the bottom. Firefox for Android also has search bar at the bottom by default (although this can be changed).

I suspect it has something to do with larger screen sizes and top part of the screen not being as acessible on handheld devices (espacially when using single-hand).

If I were to do design prediction, I would say we should see even more movement from headers toward rich footers in the future.

Yeh, I feel another pattern Apple are using is the card from the bottom, which improves the thumb reach area.

The URL bar at the bottom really bugs me. It seems that Apple believes that Safari is the primary app in itself, not a gateway to other experiences on the web.

I see no reason to have the most accessible part of the screen reserved for interacting with the URL bar instead of it being available to websites, to make them easier to use.

Though the notch on their latest models already killed more than 44 CSS pixels of the bottom for interactive use, the new URL bar now demands twice that and does it always, not just until the user has scrolled down the page.

Am I the only one who thinks this actually makes the 100vh issues way more complicated? Ugh.

This is a big change too:

Y’all see the new default html form controls in Safari???!? Woah 🤯 pic.twitter.com/PI6Wm4hhfh — Kevin Gutowski (@kevgski) June 12, 2021

This url bar on mobile is absolutely bad. What this means? You have to fix all old project for one browser! Stupid

There are quite a few bugs. For example, interfaces where you have fixed cards or absolute cards will cause the env() of the tab bar to inexplicably double. -> https://codepen.io/paul3fa/pen/gOmBxxY try this on your phone in debug mode, ios15

Has there been more research on how to handle the new address bar?

I just had to fix this in one of my current project. It seems that using bottom: env(safe-area-inset-bottom) worked out of the box for me, without the need for calc .

How do I get it to apply on Bottom address bar on Safari 15?

It should be default! But if not, 9to5Mac breaks down the steps which you can do with the Safari app open:

• In the address/search bar, tap the “aA” icon on the left (when on a website)
• Tap “Show Bottom Tab Bar”

Alternatively, you can also change the iOS 15 address/search bar by heading to the Settings app > Safari > swipe down and choose “Tab Bar.”

Hope this helps!

how can i disable the divider/border between the adressebar and the website? The divider/border appears only on iOS Safari. A few websites e.g. t3n.de does`t have it.

Best, Florian

Safari 15 still has issues with 3d transform e.g: transform: rotate3d(1, 0, 0, -60deg); Or -webkit-transform: rotate3d(1, 0, 0, -60deg)

it just not renders while any other browser can.

Also still issues with html5 video tags. Somehow IOS restrictions are applied for desktop too :”HTTP servers hosting media files for iOS must support byte-range requests”

Safari is becoming the IE of browsers …

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