tourism in humss

Is Tourism an ABM or Humss?

By Alice Nichols

Tourism is a fascinating industry that has been booming for decades. It has become an essential part of many countries’ economies, contributing significantly to their gross domestic product (GDP). However, for students trying to decide on a career path, the question arises – is tourism an ABM or Humss course?

What is ABM?

ABM stands for Accountancy, Business and Management. It is a senior high school strand that focuses on developing students’ knowledge and skills in accounting, business, finance, and management. The ABM strand aims to produce graduates who are well-equipped to pursue careers in business-related fields such as marketing, entrepreneurship, economics, and finance.

What is Humss?

Humss stands for Humanities and Social Sciences. It is another senior high school strand that focuses on developing students’ critical thinking skills through the study of various social sciences such as history, philosophy, literature, anthropology, and political science. The Humss strand aims to produce graduates who can pursue careers in fields such as journalism, law, education, social work and public administration.

So which one does tourism belong to?

Tourism can be considered both an ABM or Humss course depending on the specific career path one chooses. For instance:

Tourism as an ABM Course

The business side of the tourism industry requires expertise in accounting, finance and management. This includes managing financial transactions such as budgeting costs and revenues from hotel bookings or tour packages. In addition to this financial aspect of the industry are marketing strategies that require knowledge of consumer behavior insights- how people travel or what they expect from their experiences.

Accountancy

Accounting plays a key role in the tourism industry because it involves keeping track of financial transactions within hotels or other establishments within the industry.

In terms of business, the tourism industry offers many opportunities for entrepreneurs who want to start their own businesses in the industry. This could be a tour company, hotel or resort, or even a travel agency.

Management skills are essential when it comes to running a successful tourism business. Managing employees and ensuring customer satisfaction are crucial for the success of an establishment.

Tourism as a Humss Course

Tourism also involves understanding human behavior and how it relates to travel and tourism. This is where the Humanities and Social Sciences come in.

The study of history is essential for understanding the evolution of tourism and how it has impacted different cultures throughout history.

Anthropology

Anthropology helps students understand different cultures and traditions that influence travel behavior. Cultural sensitivity is essential when working in the tourism industry.

Literature helps students understand various travel narratives, from exploration writing to contemporary novels with travel themes- this can help improve writing skills for those pursuing careers in tourism writing.

Conclusion:

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Exploring the HUMSS Strand: A Comprehensive Overview

Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS) is a famous academic track in senior high school education. It aims to give students a well-rounded education focused on humanities, social sciences, and liberal arts subjects and their intersection. We offer an in-depth examination of this strand; its meaning, components, courses, and potential career pathways will be addressed here. Whether or not HUMSS is right for you personally, this article offers valuable insights into this diverse academic track – let’s delve into its world together!

Table of Contents

What is the humss strand.

Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS) is one of the specialized academic tracks available within senior high school curriculums . It targets students who possess an affinity for subjects related to humanities, social sciences, arts, literature, and culture. HUMSS provides a holistic education that emphasizes critical thinking skills, communication techniques, cultural understanding, social awareness, and more – providing students the chance to explore literature, history, economics, psychology, sociology, and political science, among others.

Objectives and Goals of the HUMSS Strand

The HUMSS strand aims to cultivate well-rounded individuals who appreciate humanities and social sciences, equip them with the necessary skills for further studies or career pursuits, and foster intellectual curiosity, creativity, and social responsibility among its students. Engaging in various subjects within this strand encourages students to think critically, analyze societal issues critically, understand cultural diversity more fully, express their thoughts effectively, and foster intellectual curiosity, creativity, and a sense of social responsibility among its participants.

How the HUMSS Strand fits into the Senior High School Curriculum

HUMSS (Humanities, Arts, Media Studies & Social Sciences) strand is one of several academic tracks available to senior high school students; other tracks include STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering & Maths), ABM (Accountancy Business Management), and GAS (General Academic Strand). HUMSS allows students an alternative path into humanities & social sciences subjects that may provide them with a firm foundation for future higher education pursuits or potential career choices within related fields. HUMSS fits perfectly within senior high school education’s goal: to equip students with the knowledge, skills & values needed in these arenas.

Understanding the HUMSS Strand: Exploring its Scope and Components

Overview of the subjects and curriculum covered in the humss strand.

The HUMSS strand encompasses many subjects spanning the humanities, social sciences, and liberal arts. Some core subjects typically included in the HUMSS curriculum are English, Filipino, History, Economics, Psychology, Sociology, Philosophy, Literature, and Political Science. These subjects aim to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of human behavior, society, culture, and historical context. Additionally, the HUMSS strand often includes electives that allow students to explore specific areas of interest, such as creative writing, journalism, anthropology, or international relations.

The Interdisciplinary Nature of the Humss Strand and Its Emphasis on Humanities and Social Sciences

One of the defining features of the HUMSS strand is its interdisciplinary approach. Students engage with various subjects and disciplines, recognizing their interconnectedness and interplay. The HUMSS strand integrates concepts and methodologies from the humanities and social sciences to develop a holistic understanding of human experiences, societies, and cultures. By examining literature, history, psychology, economics, and other related fields, students gain a multidimensional perspective that fosters critical thinking, cultural sensitivity, and a broader understanding of the world.

Skills and Competencies Developed Through the Humss Strand

The HUMSS strand focuses on developing a set of skills and competencies that are essential for success in both academic and professional endeavors. Through rigorous coursework and engaging learning experiences, students in the HUMSS strand cultivate critical thinking, analysis, research, effective communication, and problem-solving skills. They learn to interpret and evaluate information, articulate ideas persuasively, conduct research and present findings and engage in meaningful dialogue about social, cultural, and ethical issues. The HUMSS strand also nurtures creativity, empathy, cultural understanding, and a sense of social responsibility, preparing students for various career paths and further studies in humanities, social sciences, law, education, journalism, public administration, and more.

HUMSS Strand Courses

Comprehensive list of courses commonly offered within the humss strand.

The HUMSS strand offers diverse courses encompassing the humanities, social sciences, and liberal arts. While specific course offerings may vary across educational institutions, standard courses within the HUMSS strand include:

• English – focuses on language proficiency, literature, and writing skills.
• Filipino – emphasizes studying and appreciating the Filipino language, literature, and culture.
• History – explores significant historical events, civilizations, and their impact on societies.
• Economics – examines principles of microeconomics and macroeconomics, market systems, and economic policies.
• Psychology – delves into human behavior, cognition, emotions, and mental processes.
• Sociology – studies society, social interactions, institutions, and societal issues.
• Philosophy – explores fundamental questions about knowledge, existence, ethics, and the nature of reality.
• Literature – examines literary works, genres, and literary analysis techniques.
• Political Science – analyzes political systems, ideologies, governance, and international relations.

Potential Academic and Career Pathways Associated With These Courses

Courses within the HUMSS strand offer students a solid foundation for further academic pursuits and a variety of career pathways. Some potential educational ways include pursuing bachelor’s degrees in psychology, sociology, political science, history, literature, philosophy, and education.

The HUMSS strand also prepares students for careers in various sectors. Graduates may find journalism, writing, public relations, social work, research, counseling, teaching, human resources, public administration, law, and advocacy opportunities. The interdisciplinary skills and critical thinking developed through HUMSS courses equip students to adapt to diverse career paths and make meaningful contributions to society.

While these courses provide a general understanding of the subject matter, students may have the opportunity to specialize or further explore specific areas of interest within these fields during higher education.

Reasons to Choose the HUMSS Strand

• Passion for humanities and social sciences : If you have a deep interest in subjects like literature, history, psychology, sociology, philosophy, and economics, the HUMSS strand allows you to delve into these disciplines and explore your passions.
• Developing critical thinking skills : The HUMSS emphasizes critical thinking, analysis, and problem-solving. By engaging with complex ideas, interpreting texts, and examining societal issues, you develop the ability to think critically and evaluate information effectively.
• Well-rounded education : The HUMSS strand provides a well-rounded education encompassing various subjects and perspectives. It offers a broader understanding of the world, societies, and cultures, nurturing cultural sensitivity and intellectual curiosity.
• Preparation for higher education : The HUMSS strand is an excellent foundation for further studies in humanities, social sciences, law, education, journalism, and other related fields. It equips you with the necessary knowledge and skills to pursue bachelor’s degrees and beyond.
• Enhancing communication skills : Through courses like English and Filipino, the HUMSS strand focuses on improving written and verbal language proficiency. You develop effective communication skills that are valuable in academic, professional, and personal settings.
• Understanding human behavior and society : The HUMSS strand offers insights into human behavior, societal structures, and cultural dynamics. It allows you better to understand individuals, communities, and the world, fostering empathy and social awareness.
• Versatility in career pathways : Graduates of the HUMSS strand can pursue diverse career paths. The skills and knowledge acquired in research, analysis, communication, and critical thinking make them well-suited for careers in journalism, writing, public relations, social work, counseling, teaching, law, public administration, and more.
• Personal growth and self-expression : The HUMSS strand encourages personal growth, self-expression, and the exploration of individual interests. It provides opportunities for creativity, reflection, and the development of a unique perspective on the world.
• Engagement with societal issues : The HUMSS strand enables you to examine and understand societal issues from multiple perspectives. It empowers you to contribute to social change, advocacy, and community development.
• Building a solid foundation for life : The HUMSS strand equips you with valuable life skills, such as critical thinking, effective communication, cultural sensitivity, and social awareness. These skills are transferable and applicable in various aspects of life, fostering personal and professional success.

Career Pathways for HUMSS Strand Graduates

Potential career opportunities available to humss strand graduates.

HUMSS strand graduates have a diverse range of career opportunities available to them. Some potential career paths include:

• Journalism and Media : Careers in journalism, broadcasting, content writing, editing, public relations, and media production.
• Social Sciences and Humanities : Opportunities in social work, counseling, research, advocacy, community development, and nonprofit organizations.
• Education : Careers in teaching, curriculum development, education administration, and academic research.
• Government and Public Service : Roles in public administration, policy analysis, diplomacy, international relations, civil service, and governance.
• Research and Analysis : Positions in research institutions, think tanks, market research, data analysis, and social research.
• Arts and Culture : Careers in arts administration, museum curation, cultural heritage preservation, creative writing, and performing arts.
• Human Resources and Organizational Development : Opportunities in HR management, training and development, talent acquisition, and organizational consulting.
• Law and Legal Services : Paths to legal careers, paralegal work, legal research, and advocacy.

Industries and Sectors That Value the Skills and Knowledge Acquired in the Humss Strand

The skills and knowledge acquired in the HUMSS strand are highly valued in various industries and sectors, including:

• Media and Communications : Journalism, broadcasting, advertising, public relations, publishing, and digital media.
• Education : Schools, colleges, universities, and educational institutions.
• Government and Public Sector : Civil service, policy-making, public administration, diplomacy, and international organizations.
• Nonprofit and Social Services : NGOs, community organizations, advocacy groups, and social welfare agencies.
• Research and Consulting : Research institutions, think tanks, market research firms, and consulting companies.
• Arts and Culture : Museums, art galleries, cultural organizations, theater companies, and creative industries.
• Legal and Law-related : Law firms, legal departments, courts, and legal aid organizations.

Examples of Job Roles and Professions That Align With the Humss Strand

Here are some examples of job roles and professions that align with the HUMSS strand:

• Journalist or News Reporter
• Social Worker
• Counselor or Therapist
• Teacher or Professor
• Research Analyst
• Policy Analyst
• Human Resources Manager
• Public Relations Specialist
• Market Research Analyst
• Cultural Heritage Manager
• Museum Curator
• Lawyer or Legal Consultant
• NGO Program Coordinator
• Political Analyst
• Content Writer or Copywriter

These are just a few examples, and the HUMSS strand opens up opportunities in various sectors that require critical thinking, communication skills, cultural sensitivity, and a deep understanding of human behavior, society, and culture. HUMSS graduates have the flexibility to pursue diverse and rewarding career paths based on their individual interests and strengths.

In this article, we have explored the HUMSS (Humanities and Social Sciences) strand in depth. It provides a comprehensive overview of its definition, scope, and benefits – an advanced high school program combining humanities, social sciences, and liberal arts courses that develop critical thinking, communication skills, and cultural awareness, as well as provide students with deeper insight into human behavior, society, and culture. By choosing HUMSS as part of their educational experience, they tackle a journey of personal growth, intellectual exploration, and skill building beyond classroom walls.

As readers reflect on their educational journey, we encourage them to consider the HUMSS strand a valuable and enriching pathway within the senior high school. The HUMSS strand provides a well-rounded education and prepares students for higher education in humanities, social sciences, and related fields. It equips them with critical thinking, communication, and analytical skills highly sought after in various industries and sectors. The HUMSS strand offers the opportunity to pursue personal passions, engage with societal issues, and make meaningful contributions.

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HUMSS Courses and Jobs: Guide to HUMSS Strand

Introduction

HUMSS courses and jobs assist students in gaining confidence in communicating their ideas and opinions effectively and concisely . Through various projects and tasks, students learn how to express their thoughts logically and persuasively. These skills are vital in many professional settings.

The moment you start to think about choosing the right strand for your future senior high school, almost all of your junior high school years are behind you. Congratulations! However, you are now standing in front of one of the most decisive choices of your student life.

A complete understanding of all available options will help you know what to expect from your future career. This article will dive deeper into what the HUMSS strand is all about on the academic track, trying to give you a close look at what it has to offer.

What is HUMSS

HUMSS stands for Humanities and Social Sciences. It is a strand under the Academic Track in Senior High School in the Philippines. It is designed for students who are interested in the fields of humanities and social sciences. It includes subjects such as History, English, Filipino, Communication Arts, Philosophy, Sociology, Anthropology, Economics and Politics and Governance.

How many Subjects are there in HUMSS

There are six subjects in the Humanities and Social Sciences strand (HumSS): English, Filipino, Social Studies, Logic and Philosophy, World Religions and Belief Systems, and Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person.

What is HUMSS Strand?

Humanities and Social Sciences (or HUMSS for short) is one of the strands offered in the academic track, focusing primarily on interpersonal interaction and targeting enhancing students’ reading, writing, and speaking skills.

Students who choose the HUMSS will have the opportunity to develop a broad foundation in a variety of disciplines, allowing them to apply their knowledge, expertise, and experiences to the examination and inquiry of human circumstances through examining social behavior and changes.

Those who aim for more advanced levels of education can even have a deeper grasp of society, politics, literature, the arts, and culture through HUMSS, as well as how to fully comprehend the intricacy of these variables in light of current events.

HUMSS stands for Humanities and Social Sciences Strand. The HUMSS strand gives students an in-depth understanding of human culture and how to interact with other people. The term “humanities” refers to a range of subjects, including history, social studies, philosophy, ethics, archaeology, anthropology, literature and languages.

Courses in the arts are also part of the humanities. Social sciences include psychology, political science, economics, sociology and geography. The HUMSS strand curriculum includes courses in Philippine politics and governance, economics, sociology, philosophy, world history, art appreciation, oral communication, world literature, creative writing and research.

Goals, Pros and Cons of the HUMSS Program 

• To prepare students for work and for other relevant opportunities
• To prepare students for post-secondary education
• To develop in students an appreciation of the humanities and social sciences and their relevance to their lives
• To develop in students their human potential and inherent dignity as human beings
• To develop in students their awareness of the challenges and opportunities of the times
• To develop in students the ability to work with others
• To develop in students the ability to cope with changes
• To develop in students the ability to think logically, critically, creatively and imaginatively
• To develop in students the ability to appreciate local, national and global issues
• To develop in students their awareness of their rights and responsibilities as citizens
• Students will be given a chance to read and appreciate the humanities and social sciences.
• Students will be equipped with the skills needed to face the challenges and dilemmas of the 21st century.
• Students will develop their natural abilities, such as logical, critical, creative and imaginative thinking.
• Students will be empowered through their awareness of the opportunities and challenges of the times.
• Students will be able to cope with changes.
• Students will learn to work with others.
• Students will be socially aware of their rights and responsibilities as citizens.
• Students will be distracted from their academic performance due to the numerous extra-curricular activities offered.
• Students will have high expectations from the program, but would end up disappointed due to the lack of resources and facilities.
• Students will not be able to make the most out of this program due to the lack of guidance from their teachers.
• Students will become dependent on their teachers and other people.
• Students will not be able to think for themselves.

Why HUMSS strand is Important

The HUMSS strand under the Senior High School program in the Philippines is a program of study that focuses on the arts, social sciences, and humanities. This strand can be important for a number of reasons:

• It offers a well-rounded education: The HUMSS strand provides a broad education in a range of subjects, including literature, history, sociology, psychology, and philosophy. This can give students a deeper understanding of the world and its complexities.
• It develops critical thinking skills: The HUMSS strand encourages students to think critically about the world around them and to form their own opinions and arguments. This can be a valuable skill in many different fields.
• It improves communication skills: The HUMSS strand emphasizes the importance of effective communication, both in writing and speaking. These skills can be valuable in many different careers.
• It prepares students for further studies or careers: The skills and knowledge gained through the HUMSS strand can prepare students for further studies or careers in fields such as education, social work, journalism, law, and the arts.

Overall, the HUMSS strand offers a broad education that can help students develop valuable skills and knowledge that can be applied in a wide range of fields.

Other Strands in HUMSS

Stem (science, technology, engineering, and math).

As the name suggests, students always choose STEM if they want to pursue a career in the fields of science and mathematics, including Engineering, Medical Courses, AB Math, Information Technology, and the like.

ABM (Accounting Business and Management)

If students consider themselves business people, the ABM track is no doubt the one for them! Those who choose the ABM strands will spend more time learning all business and management-related courses, including those in business administration, tourism management, hotel, and restaurant management, accounting, real estate management, entrepreneurship, and so on.

GAS (General Academic Strand)

Students who are not yet certain which strand to choose from when entering senior high school can choose GAS as their route. Courses in this strand are applicable to all disciplines. You will be able to participate in a range of educational opportunities to learn about the several fascinating topics you can pursue in college.

Common HUMSS Courses and Jobs

Humss courses and social sciences, humss-related courses:.

• Language and Literature
• Communication Arts
• English for Academic and Professional Purposes
• 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World
• Creative Nonfiction
• Creative Writing/Malikhaing Pagsulat
• Oral Communication/Pansining at Pampanitikan
• Philippine Literature
• Reading and Writing
• Speech and Oral Communication
• SPEECH | ORAL COMMUNICATION
• World Literature
• World Literature and 21st Century Philippine Literature in English

Social Sciences:

• Applied Economics
• Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences
• Entrepreneurship
• Fundamentals of Accountancy, Business and Management 1
• Fundamentals of Accountancy, Business and Management 2
• History of the Philippines
• History of the World
• Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person
• Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems
• Physical Education and Health (K to 12)
• Physical Education and Health 2
• Physical Education and Health 3
• Physical Education and Health 4
• Physical Education and Health 5
• Physical Education and Health 6
• Physical Education and Health 7
• Physical Education and Health 8
• Pre-Calculus
• Social Dimensions of ICT

HUMSS Strand Jobs (Jobs Under HUMSS) with the Highest Pay

Below are some of the most common careers that can contribute to society and the workplace meaningfully if the students decide to choose HUMSS as their strand:

Students taking on HUMSS are expected to be proficient in both speaking and writing, which is the reason why HUMSS is the ideal starting point for individuals who aim to become outstanding attorneys in the future. They can also benefit from exposure to fundamental courses like global politics and community development by developing a solid moral basis, which they will need in their legal careers .

HUMSS is a fantastic basis for those who want to run for public office. Taking HUMSS will surely provide you with countless chances and opportunities for studying public speaking and community development. This will be crucial for any future politician.

As HUMSS focuses on many language-based skills , students in this strand can use the talents they’ve learned to establish successful writing careers, such as a journalist who spends most of their time with broadsheet and online publications.

Most HUMSS graduates may also work in academia as professors or teachers in literature, philosophy, writing, English, studies, and other language-based fields of knowledge.

Economics and many subsections in its field require students to have a solid foundation of calculation but also a broader understanding of various related subjects, including politics, geography, psychology, and the like, which makes it highly suitable for HUMSS students.

With the developed skill set of a HUMSS student, it is no surprise that Literature is another excellent choice for them as it does just not fully utilize their abilities but also promises to help their language skills to progress even further.

Political Science

Political science programs are also popular options among HUMSS students to learn more about current societal concerns and the political environment of their country. During these courses, they learn not only the theoretical knowledge of citizenship, social studies, and politics but can also develop critical thinking skills for future participation in governance and politics.

Sociology is the target of a large amount of HUMSS students as it enables them to understand many sides of society and fully utilize that knowledge to greatly increase their productivity in whatever domain of the society they work in.

Students who want to pursue a career in philosophy often need to develop their skill set as independent thinkers. And there is no strand that can prepare them for such a situation better than the HUMSS.

Students who focus on building a successful profession as a therapist, counselor, social worker, or psychologist should consider taking HUMSS as their strand to learn more about psychology subjects, including child and adult psychology, behavior patterns of individuals, human sexuality, and personality theory.

Advantages of the HUMSS Courses

• Unlike other strands, students in HUMSS heavily focus on developing skills like communication, open-mindedness, and cultural understanding. From then, they continue to perfect the abilities that are necessary for success in the modern world and can even take on more advanced and complex fields such as psychology, sociology, and the like.
• HUMSS courses help their students to empathize and build strong relationships with others. These are essential qualities that can be striking keys to any successful career, whether it is the HUMSS strand or others.
• HUMSS students are considered at another higher level when it comes to confidence and expressing their opinions and ideas clearly and concisely. HUMSS courses teach students to articulate their thoughts logically and effectively through various projects and tasks, which is the foundation of future successful careers.
• One thing about HUMSS strand courses provide that they can develop students to be versatile with the diverse skills and knowledge to pursue a variety of careers in many different industries. With a strong focus on critical thinking, analysis, and communication, graduates of HUMSS courses will be prepared to excel in any field they choose, even if it is outside HUMSS.

Is HUMSS Courses and Jobs for You?

You should consider HUMSS as your choice of learning career if you are:

• All about people and society: you want to dive deeper into different interlacing disciplines that study human culture and learn how to deal with the scientific study of human society and the social relationship
• Excellent when it comes to communication: No matter if you decide to pursue a degree in a field of social science, you will be able to put the communication skills you’ve developed in HUMSS to use.
• A global citizen with an ambition to change the world: HUMSS will introduce you to various, both new and old, concepts and beliefs that have influenced civilizations for thousands of years. You’ll discover how to build new concepts off of these and apply them to actual situations.

HUMSS Courses From All Over the World

Humss strand courses in australia.

In Australia, the specific courses and programs available in the arts, social sciences, and humanities will depend on the institution you are interested in attending. Some universities may offer a specific faculty or department for these subjects, while others may offer a more general education program.

For example, the University of Sydney offers a Bachelor of Arts degree program, which allows students to major in subjects such as history, sociology, psychology, and philosophy. The University of Melbourne offers a Bachelor of Arts degree program as well, with majors in subjects such as history, sociology, and anthropology.

Other universities in Australia may offer similar programs or may have a more flexible structure that allows students to create their own program of study by selecting courses from a range of subjects. It’s important to research the options available at the specific institution you are interested in attending to determine what programs and courses are offered in the arts, social sciences, and humanities.

HUMSS Strand Courses in Canada

In Canada, students can pursue studies in the arts, social sciences, and humanities through a variety of programs at universities and colleges. Like in other countries, the specific courses and programs available will vary by institution.

For example, the University of Toronto offers a Bachelor of Arts degree program with majors in subjects such as history, sociology, psychology, and philosophy. The University of British Columbia offers a similar program, with majors in subjects such as anthropology, economics, and political science.

Other universities in Canada may offer more specialized programs in specific areas of the arts, social sciences, and humanities. For example, Simon Fraser University offers a Bachelor of Social Work degree program, while the University of Ottawa offers a Bachelor of Education degree program.

It’s important to research the options available at the specific institution you are interested in attending to determine what programs and courses are offered in the arts, social sciences, and humanities.

HUMSS Strand Courses in the USA

In the United States, students can pursue studies in the arts, social sciences, and humanities through a variety of programs at colleges and universities. Like in other countries, the specific courses and programs available will vary by institution.

For example, many universities offer a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree program, which allows students to major in subjects such as history, sociology, psychology, and philosophy. Other universities may offer more specialized programs in specific areas of the arts, social sciences, and humanities, such as a Bachelor of Social Work (BSW) or a Bachelor of Education (BEd).

In addition to traditional degree programs, many colleges and universities in the United States also offer online or flexible learning options that allow students to pursue studies in the arts, social sciences, and humanities at their own pace.

HUMSS Strand Courses in the UK

In the United Kingdom, students can pursue studies in the arts, social sciences, and humanities through a variety of programs at universities. Like in other countries, the specific courses and programs available will vary by institution.

For example, many universities in the UK offer a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree program, which allows students to major in subjects such as history, sociology, psychology, and philosophy. Other universities may offer more specialized programs in specific areas of the arts, social sciences, and humanities, such as a Bachelor of Education (BEd) or a Bachelor of Social Work (BSW).

In addition to traditional degree programs, many universities in the UK also offer online or flexible learning options that allow students to pursue studies in the arts, social sciences, and humanities at their own pace.

What is the Best Course for HUMSS?

The HUMSS strand under the Senior High School program in the Philippines offers a range of courses related to the arts, social sciences, and humanities. Some examples of subjects that may be included in the HUMSS related courses include:

• Literature: This may include courses in literature from different time periods, genres, and cultures.
• History: Students may study the history of different countries, regions, or civilizations, as well as contemporary issues and events.
• Communication: This may include courses in writing, speaking, media studies, and public relations.
• Sociology: Students may learn about the behavior and interaction of groups, social institutions, and social change.
• Psychology: This may include courses in the study of the mind, behavior, and emotions.
• Philosophy: Students may study the fundamental nature of reality, knowledge, and existence.
• Anthropology: Students may study the culture, language, and behavior of human societies.
• Economics: Students may study the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.
• Political science: Students may study political systems, government, and public policy.
• Education: Students may study the principles and practices of teaching and learning.

The specific courses offered will depend on the school and the curriculum.

Courses for HUMSS Students

• Business Ethics and Social Responsibility
• Org Behavior
• Principles of Marketing 9. Principles of Economics
• Organization and Management
• Business Finance
• Business Math
• Business Law
• Business Taxation
• Physical Education 1
• Physical Education 2
• Physical Education 3
• Physical Education 4
• Digital Literacy
• Digital Literacy 2
• Digital Literacy 3
• Digital Literacy 4
• Oral Communication
• Oral Communication 2
• Oral Communication 3
• Oral Communication 4
• Reading and Writing 2
• Reading and Writing 3
• Reading and Writing 4
• Personal Development 2
• Personal Development 3
• Personal Development 4
• Community Engagement, Solidarity and Citizenship
• Community Engagement, Solidarity and Citizenship 2
• Community Engagement, Solidarity and Citizenship 3
• Community Engagement, Solidarity and Citizenship 4

HUMSS Strand Courses List

• Hospitality Management
• Information and Communications Technology
• Marketing Management

HUMSS Courses in College

The following are the courses in college under HUMSS:

• Physical Education
• Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction
• Earth and Life Science
• Komunikasyon at Pananaliksik sa Wika at Kulturang Pilipino
• Understanding Culture, Society and Politics
• Anthropology of the Contemporary World
• Reading and Writing Skills

33 Common HUMSS Strand Jobs

• Visual Artist
• Fashion Designer
• Interior Designer
• Radio Announcer
• Television Host
• Television Writer
• Film Writer
• Public Relations Specialist
• Public Relations Manager
• Communications Consultant
• Editorial Assistant
• Digital Editor
• Media Assistant
• Copy Editor
• Screenwriter

Average Salaries for HUMSS in Australia

Average salaries for humss in canada, average salaries for humss in the usa.

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Elephant tourism often involves cruelty – here are steps toward more humane, animal-friendly excursions

Visiting Assistant Professor, Department of Biology, Project Dragonfly, Miami University

Disclosure statement

Michelle Szydlowski does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

Miami University provides funding as a member of The Conversation US.

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Suju Kali is a 50-year-old elephant in Nepal who has been carrying tourists for over 30 years. Like many elephants I encounter through my research , Suju Kali exhibits anxiety and can be aggressive toward strangers. She suffers from emotional trauma as a result of prolonged, commercial human contact.

Like Suju Kali, many animals are trapped within the tourism industry. Some venues have no oversight and little concern for animal or tourist safety. Between 120,000 and 340,000 animals are used globally in a variety of wildlife tourism attractions, including endangered species like elephants. Over a quarter of the world’s endangered elephants reside in captivity with little oversight.

Wildlife tourism – which involves viewing wildlife such as primates or birds in conservation areas, feeding or touching captive or “rehabilitated” wildlife in facilities, and bathing or riding animals like elephants – is tricky business . I know this because I am a researcher studying human relationships with elephants in both tourism and conservation settings within Southeast Asia.

These types of experiences have long been an extremely popular and profitable part of the tourism market . But now, many travel-related organizations are urging people not to participate in, or calling for an outright ban on, interactive wildlife experiences .

Tourism vendors have started marketing more “ethical options” for consumers. Some are attempting to truly improve the health and welfare of wildlife, and some are transitioning captive wildlife into touch-free, non-riding or lower-stress environments. In other places, organizations are attempting to implement standards of care or create manuals that outline good practices for animal husbandry.

This marketing, academics argue, is often simply “ greenwashing ,” applying marketing labels to make consumers feel better about their choices without making any real changes. Worse, research shows that some programs marketing themselves as ethical tourism may instead be widening economic gaps and harming both humans and other species that they are meant to protect.

No quick fix

For example, rather than tourist dollars trickling down to local struggling families as intended by local governments, many tourism venues are owned by nonresidents, meaning the profits do not stay in the area . Likewise, only a small number of residents can afford to own tourism venues, and venues do not provide employment for locals from lower income groups.

This economic gap is especially obvious in Nepalese elephant stables: Venue owners continue to make money off elephants, while elephant caregivers continue to work 17 hours a day for about US$21 a month; tourists are led to believe they are “ promoting sustainability .”

Yet, there are no easy answers, especially for elephants working in tourism. Moving them to sanctuaries is difficult because with no governmental or global welfare oversight, elephants may end up in worse conditions.

Many kindhearted souls who want to “help” elephants know little about their biology and mental health needs, or what it takes to keep them healthy. Also, feeding large animals like Suju Kali is pricey, costing around $19,000 yearly . So without profits from riding or other income, owners – or would-be rescuers – can’t maintain elephants. Releasing captive elephants to the jungle is not a choice – many have never learned to live in the wild, so they cannot survive on their own.

Hurting local people

Part of the problem lies with governments, as many have marketed tourism as a way to fund conservation projects. For example in Nepal, a percentage of ticket sales from elephant rides are given to community groups to use for forest preservation and support for local families.

Increasing demand for wildlife-based tourism may increase traffic in the area and thus put pressure on local governments to further limit local people’s access to forest resources.

This may also lead to increased demands on local communities , as was the case in Nepal. In the 1970s, the Nepalese government removed local people from their lands in what is now Chitwan National Park as part of increasing “conservation efforts” and changed the protected area’s boundaries. Indigenous “Tharu,” or people of the forest, were forced to abandon their villages and land. While some were offered access to “buffer zones” in the 1990s, many remain poor and landless today.

In addition, more and more desirable land surrounding conservation areas in Nepal is being developed for tourist-based businesses such as hotels, restaurants and shops, pushing local poor people farther away from central village areas and the associated tourism income.

Some activists would like humans to simply release all wildlife back into the wild, but there are multiple issues with that. Elephant habitats throughout Southeast Asia have been transformed into croplands, cities or train tracks for human use. Other problems arise from the fact that tourism elephants have never learned how to be elephants in their natural elements, as they were separated from their herds at an early age.

So tourism may be vital to providing food, care and shelter to captive elephants for the rest of their lives and providing jobs for those who really need them. Because elephants can live beyond 60 years, this can be a large commitment.

How to be an ethical tourist

To protect elephants, tourists should check out reviews and photos from any venue they want to visit, and look for clues that animal welfare might be impacted, such as tourists allowed to feed, hold or ride captive wildlife animals. Look for healthy animals, which means doing research on what “healthy” animals of that species should look like.

If a venue lists no-touch demonstrations – “unnatural” behaviors that don’t mimic what an elephant might do of their own accord, such as sitting on a ball or riding a bike, or other performances – remember that the behind-the-scenes training used to achieve these behaviors can be violent, traumatic or coercive .

Another way to help people and elephant is to to use small, local companies to book your adventures in your area of interest, rather than paying large, international tourism agencies. Look for locally owned hotels, and wait to book excursions until you arrive so you can use local service providers. Book homestay programs and attend cultural events led by community members; talk to tourists and locals you meet in the target town to get their opinions, and use local guides who provide wildlife viewing opportunities while maintaining distance from animals .

Or tourists can ask to visit venues that are certified by international humane animal organizations and that do not allow contact with wildlife. Or they can opt for guided hikes, canoe or kayak experiences, and other environmentally friendly options.

While these suggestions will not guarantee that your excursion is animal-friendly, they will help decrease your impact on wildlife, support local families and encourage venues to stop using elephants as entertainment. Those are good first steps.

• Animal ethics
• Endangered species
• Southeast Asia
• South East Asia
• Ethical question

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Choosing the Hospitality Management Strand for Senior High School

The marvel of restaurants, hotels, and resorts running seamlessly despite the multitudes of people needing their service is enough to give anyone pause. This level of service and attention to detail can only be achieved with an experienced manager that knows the ins and outs of the industry.

Choosing to enter a career in the evergreen hospitality sector will surely lead you to a fruitful future, but before you become a professional, you must go through the proper training prior to gracing the industry. Therefore, you must prepare for the task by pursuing an SHS strand for hospitality management. 

In this blog, we talk about what it’s like to be in the service industry and why it’s a good idea for you to take up a hospitality management strand in SHS to prepare you for the job.

What is Hospitality Management?

The administration of the day-to-day operations of hospitality businesses like hotels, resorts, and restaurants lay in the hands of its hospitality management professionals. Members of this industry are known to possess excellent crisis-management skills and empathy to better anticipate the needs of their guests.

Of course, the training of staff and the creation of a personalized stay for each guest is orchestrated by the business’ general manager. The general manager ensures that the numerous departments of the organization are working smoothly, to facilitate a unique and seamless experience for each guest.

Hospitality management professionals, like general managers, combine their skills in marketing, communications, management, and creativity to make an environment that will make guests feel at home. A career in this industry will guarantee you a dynamic work setting that’s filled with interesting people.

If what we’ve said is exactly what you’re looking for then, a career in hospitality is right for you.

What’s a Good Strand for Hotel and Restaurant Management?

As a hospitality management professional, you’ll be representing your company in various responsibilities. You’ll be tasked to do business presentations on behalf of your organization, charged with keeping an excellent rapport with suppliers and required to interact gracefully with guests.

To better prepare yourself for this lively career, you must choose a hospitality management SHS strand that suits your goals so you can get a head start in excelling in the industry.

We’ve listed down the best strands to help you achieve your goals and why we’ve chosen them below.

The ABM Strand

The Accountancy, Business and Management Strand (ABM) focuses on equipping aspiring hospitality managers with the necessary skills to run a company. This hospitality management strand will train you in basic accounting, financial management, and marketing; all very important skills to have as an aspiring manager.

ABM will also teach you how to manage a business crisis and immerse you in simulations to further polish your business acumen and leadership expertise. You’ll have the opportunity to learn and solidify your management ingenuity through the practical applications of theories.

Choosing the management strand will open numerous opportunities that you can pursue through other ABM college courses . It will also cement your ability to flawlessly lead your company to greater heights.

The GAS Strand

If you’re looking for a more well-rounded approach to your education, the Generalized Academic Strand (GAS) may just be the perfect preparatory strand for hospitality management. GAS will immerse you in a culture of holistic learning that will prepare you for anyone you might encounter on the job.

Some key subjects in this course are disaster preparedness, risk reduction, and organization management, research, and media and information literacy. These three subjects can help you stay on top of calamities that may befall your workplace and aid you in accurately anticipating hospitality trends.

Selecting the GAS strand for your entry into the hospitality management course will give you the competitive edge of being a more well-rounded individual.

The HUMSS Strand

Choosing the Humanities and Social Sciences Strand (HUMSS) will give you an edge when it comes to understanding the psyche of your clients and communicating with everyone you’ll encounter on the job.

The HUMSS strand will train you to effectively communicate your ideas and think critically while exercising sensitivity and empathy in your interactions. Through the constant process of perfecting your articulation skills, you’ll gain more confidence in the practice, leading you to become a much more effective manager.

When it comes to the hospitality industry, it greatly depends on the guest’s perception of its employees. The growth of businesses in this sector relies on the effective handling of its media and communications. Taking this hospitality management strand will give you the knowledge to execute these tasks remarkably.

What Career to Expect from the Hotel and Restaurant Management Strand?

In an industry that’s estimated to prosper in the coming years , you’ll never be short of opportunities to grow. Your residency in this sector can lead to a multitude of career options.

We’ve listed down some titles you can achieve in the hospitality industry:

General Manager or Hotelier

The General Manager or Hotelier is the person who sets the direction for the establishment. They are the professionals who approve key decisions by different departments to make the business profitable. As leaders of the industry, you can be sure that these people know the ins and outs of their business.

Food and Beverage Director

Food and Beverage Directors set and maintain the standard of excellence for the dining establishments that they take charge of. F&B Directors are also tasked with keeping the organization up to date with food trends and cascading it down to the executive chefs to implement.

Chef de Cuisine or Executive Chef

Chef de Cuisines are the leaders of the kitchen. These professionals interpret the vision of the food and beverage director through the creation of a menu that aligns with it. Their job also includes mentoring team members to be able to perform their jobs, forecasting sales for purchasing purposes, and delegating tasks to team members.

Renowned for their knowledge of the intricacies of wine and their refined palates, sommeliers share the stories of the beverages that they curate for the restaurant. These specialists undergo rigorous amounts of training to be certified in their chosen profession.

Events Manager

Events managers conceptualize, plan, and coordinate functions for parties that need their services. These professionals are the reason for smooth-sailing events. They are known for their superb planning skills and wide network of suppliers.

Head Concierge

Concierges elevate guest visits to a new level by catering to their needs and requests directly. They arrange transportation and activities for clients and are knowledgeable in the local culture to better recommend attractions to visitors.

Tourism Coordinator

Planning specialized tours and ensuring that they go smoothly from the first touchpoint to the last is what these coordinators excel at. Tourism coordinators set the direction for their companies, create travel packages, and market their destination products to potential clients.

Managing Your Future with OEd Senior High School

Pursuing a hospitality management strand in SHS is an investment toward a fruitful future in this dynamic industry. There are several paths your career can take after pursuing this strand, all of them leading you to become an expert in your chosen field.

A career in this sector will always keep you on your feet with the diversity of people you’ll meet, and the various creative solutions you’ll need to come up with to keep them happy. Skills like sales and marketing, crisis management, and communication will keep you and your establishment at the top of your game.

Choosing an institution that will prepare you to grace this industry is a critical decision. It’s best that you choose from a selection of schools with online courses in the Philippines to keep you on the track of excellence no matter where you are.

Are you ready to be a leader in the hospitality industry? Contact us to learn more about how we can help you get there.

AMA University Online Education (AMAOEd) is an online SHS education platform in the Philippines.

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Hierarchy exists among senior high school strands—as contentious as it may sound—and the HUMSS strand ranks at the bottom of the academic tracks.

But what is HUMSS, exactly?

The Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS) strand is a specialized strand for disciplines about human existence and the world. In this context, this strand is significant. Unfortunately, not many recognize this perspective. People easily dismiss how the humanities integrate into our society, and instead take the intelligence of those passionate about them for granted. 

As someone passionate about HUMSS, I have experienced strand discrimination firsthand.

“HUMSS ka lang ?” was one of the most classic remarks I have heard. The same remark did not stop haunting me for the rest of my senior high school days. 

So, is HUMSS really that trivial?

Admittedly, a part of me used to be in the same boat as those who looked down on this strand. It is somehow tragic that not all who are passionate about the liberal arts are able to defend their dream. Many feel obligated to stay grounded in hopes of financial security, only to have lingering what-ifs.

“How can you succeed in that path? It’s not going to put a roof over your head,” is another set of words familiar to us who decide to pursue HUMSS. “Perhaps you will study law.”

Behind the inherent distrust toward the practicality of the humanities field is the idea that any other career under it can rarely bear fruit. While this idea does apply in some unfortunate cases, it inevitably makes HUMSS a useless strand in the public eye. Students even assume that HUMSS is manageable compared to its counterparts, and those who go for this strand do not grind as intensively.

“Lucky for you, you don’t have to handle math,” we would often get told. “All you have to do is write essays.”

We, too, share our endeavors, just as those of other strands. Although HUMSS deals with fewer numerical aspects, we are not spared from heavy workload. We pull seemingly endless all-nighters, face impromptu recitations, and interact with various participants. We research historical events and how they shape civilization as we know it today. 

Over time, I have watched those in the same strand as me slowly become more socially aware and sympathetic. We don’t just tolerate prospects in life the way they are. Our knowledge goes beyond mere acknowledgment; we stand for what is right.

HUMSS has substance. It is equally profound and challenging. We are not only taught to “write essays.” We are also taught how to formulate ideas outside the box, exchange insightful views, and present them—skills that will eventually put us at an advantage in multiple fields.

HUMSS is more than just a strand or a future job; it comes with a mission. And to Humanistas, serving a mission rather than for practicality is an honor. It is an honor to have the voice to defend the marginalized and the understanding to advocate for human rights.

In HUMSS, I learned to appreciate this kind of privilege more. I truly began to understand humanity and yearn to improve the world.

John Keating once said, “We don’t read and write poetry because it’s cute. We read and write poetry because we are members of the human race. And the human race is filled with passion. And medicine, law, business, engineering—these are noble pursuits and necessary to sustain life. But poetry, beauty, romance, love—these are what we stay alive for.”

Yes, the Humanities and Social Sciences strand may not overrule the hierarchy among senior high school strands or even the real world, but it serves as a fortress for our culture and the human race. It is, as John Keating says, what we stay alive for.

Czhan Leigh T. Calimlim , born on November 12, 2005. She is a grade 12 student at Silliman University Senior High School, currently taking up the HUMSS strand, and will soon resume her studies in a creative field. In 2018, she was a member of the Journalism Club at her former school, Athenaeum International School in Cebu City. Now, she is a part of the Creatives Committee of the SUSG Committee on Student Organizations (COMSO).

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HUMSS Strand Courses: The Ultimate Guide to Graduating in Humanities and Social Sciences Strand

Not all students want to spend their college years solving science problems or crunching the numbers. Some students go to college with only a vague idea of what they want to do after graduation. Does that sound familiar? If you are the kind of student who would rather learn how the world works, then a bachelor's or master's degree in social sciences or humanities could be the right fit for you.

In the era of AI and Big Data, there is a high demand for STEM-based (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) programs and occupations abroad. But even then, the interest and passion for other courses and professions among international students remains unwavered – particularly in the case of HUMSS courses and jobs. Read on to learn what HUMSS means and why you should pursue it abroad.

Let’s dive right in… What is the HUMSS Strand? Top HUMSS Courses & Subjects List Why Study HUMSS Strand Courses Abroad? Best HUMSS Strand Jobs and Careers List Best Countries to Study HUMSS Courses Kickstart Your Study Abroad Journey Now!

What is the HUMSS Strand?

HUMSS is short for humanities and social sciences . It is an academic strand covering various fields that deal with the exploration of the human condition using analytical, critical, and empirical ways – and thereby studying changes in society and human behavior.

As per Britannica, humanities is the study of literature, history, arts, and philosophy. As a discipline, humanities concentrates on how individuals interact with one another and work together. Studying humanities will make you capable of effectively writing, analysing information, and conducting research, plus learning how to tap into your creativity and think critically. Writer Toni Morrison, former CEO of Disney Michael Eisner, and television host Conan O'Brien are some of the famous people with degrees in humanities.

On the other hand, Social Science is an academic branch that deals with how human beings interact in society, institutions, and the world at large. There are many sub-disciplines under social sciences, like psychology, economics, political science, and sociology.

People enrolled in courses related to HUMSS gain skills that are greatly valued at workplaces, like persuasive communication, research skills, analytical abilities, and critical thinking that affects decision-making.

Top Courses Under HUMSS

One of the questions that international students often ask is this: What are the courses under the HUMSS strand? Here is a short HUMSS courses list. But remember, the options to choose from in the academic world are much more.

• Communication Arts
• Political Science
• Languages (Filipino and English)
• International Studies

Advantages of the HUMSS Courses

Flexibility

If you are aiming to pursue one of the best courses for HUMSS students, you will get flexibility on many levels. Firstly, the presence of different fields of study under the HUMSS strand offers countless higher education options. Several universities offer HUMSS programs at the Bachelor's and Master's levels, often combining language delivery with multiple disciplines.

Secondly, HUMSS recognizes that "a job for a lifetime" is an outdated concept as far as most people are concerned. Several HUMSS strand courses give a broader understanding of the world, thus prompting students to specialise further or look for jobs after graduation. When you enter college life as a teenager through one of the best HUMSS programs, this flexibility will be vital as you find your way abroad.

Valuable Skills

Pursuing an HUMSS degree offers you skills that will stay with you right through your professional and personal life. You will develop analytical, logical, presentation, and critical thinking skills during the course of your study.

As an HUMSS graduate, you will also have a profound understanding of the ways in which society works. An organisation cannot always function effectively without that understanding. Further, as STEM graduates develop the latest pieces of technology, people who study humanities apply those tech products and services in the real world.

Graduate Outcomes

Due to the skills mentioned above, employers consider HUMSS graduates to be important. As per many surveys, employers value oral and written communication, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills more than technical expertise.

As per a Campaign for Social Science report from 2013, around 78% of arts and humanities graduates and about 84% of social science graduates in the United Kingdom remained employed for 3.5 years following graduation. Furthermore, salaries for people with degrees from HUMSS courses and jobs related to HUMSS disciplines are higher than what many believe them to be. The starting salary for a humanities degree holder may be lower, but the pay gap between them and a STEM graduate narrows considerably as their career progresses. By the time you reach 35 to 40, as an HUMSS graduate, you may have the same salary or a higher package than your STEM counterpart.

Rewarding Career Options

The skills you gain from HUMSS courses and jobs in internship arrangements are applicable to every facet of life, which makes for very rewarding career options. Over a few decades, as an HUMSS graduate, you can be an educator, policymaker, journalist, and international development professional. For instance, Barack Obama is a political science graduate who worked in business, law, and community development before he entered politics and went on to become the President of the USA.

Read on: Everything You Need to Know About Studying STEM Strand Courses Why is it a Great Choice to Pursue an MBA in Canada? Why is it a Great Choice to Pursue an MBA in Australia? Why is it a Great Choice to Pursue an MBA in the UK? Why is it a Great Choice to Pursue an MBA in New Zealand? by Author

Top HUMSS Strand Jobs & Careers

After graduating from a Humanities or Social Sciences course abroad, you may pick from the following career paths that most HUMSS students opt for:

• Criminologist
• News Anchor
• Archaeologist
• Cultural Anthropologist
• Park Interpreter
• Museum Curator
• Oceanographer
• Travel Guide
• Statistician
• Weather Forecaster
• Political Scientist
• Sociologist

Remember, this is only a sample HUMSS career list; you can also pursue many other career paths, including one from the following:

Educators design lessons that not only engage students but also motivate, instruct, and inspire them. Whether they are in preschool or graduate school, teachers play multiple roles, including those of counselors and mentors.

Advertisers

An advertiser builds, creates, and implements marketing campaigns to promote an individual, brand, service, and/or product. To ensure the success of each campaign, an advertiser performs market research, chooses the target audience, aligns promotional content with their brand's voice, and monitors overall campaign performance.

The key to being an effective advertiser is having the capability to analyse and comprehend human constructs and behavior. If you have a humanities degree, you could use the knowledge and insight you gained for career success in advertising. Keep reading this HUMSS job list for more options.

Entrepreneurs

An entrepreneur develops and markets a unique idea, service, or product. There are many entrepreneurial career options, including lifestyle, business, and social entrepreneurship.

When you study Humanities, you will write, read, and critically analyse literature, as well as understand the many related human development aspects that have helped shape human history. Some of those aspects are social mores, shifts in political systems and business activities, as well as advancements in technology and science. This understanding will add to your analytical and critical thinking skills, which will be indispensable in your entrepreneurial career.

For any assistance in choosing the best course for your dream career, don't hesitate to reach out to our counsellors.

There are many differences between lawyers and attorneys. Every attorney is a lawyer, but not every lawyer is an attorney. An attorney has to clear the bar exam in order to practise Law, whereas a lawyer has a degree in Law and practises Law without passing the exam.

A Social Science degree can be your pathway toward a profession in Law and help you prepare for law school admission tests. A pre-law program at the undergraduate level, coupled with a major in social sciences, may contribute to determining whether you will focus on one specific legal area, like human rights, environmental law, corporate law, or criminal law.

Social Services Directors

As a social services director, you will have to not only identify people who require assistance but also act as a liaison between external and internal stakeholders. It takes much experience working at many different levels of a social services organisation to be a social services director in the private or public sector.

A viable option for a person with a major in Sociology is to be a licensed professional in the area of social work . With hands-on expertise in social work, social services directors can also fight for the underrepresented and disenfranchised by influencing public policy.

Best Countries to Study HUMSS Courses

Do you dream of pursuing a degree abroad for a career in humanities or social sciences? If so, some of the best countries where you can turn your dream into a reality are the UK, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, Canada, and the USA. Employers in these countries also seek candidates with HUMSS-related skills such as problem-solving, communication, critical thinking, and creativity.

• United Kingdom
• United States
• New Zealand

What is an HUMSS Strand Course?

The word HUMSS refers to an array of courses that fall under the humanities and social sciences strand. These courses are for people who want to enter the fields of journalism, liberal arts, communication arts, education, and so forth.

Which is Better: Pursuing a degree in STEM or HUMSS?

It depends on what you want to do after graduation. If you have a specific career path in mind that involves solving science or mathematical problems, a STEM course may be right for you. However, if your interests lie elsewhere in the realm of social sciences and humanity-related subjects, you may want to access a broader variety of career paths with a HUMSS degree.

Is Psychology a STEM or HUMSS Field?

Yes, it is an HUMSS specialization.

What Are Some Jobs Under HUMSS Strand?

As specified in the aforementioned HUMSS job list, there are more career paths in this strand than you may think. Not all HUMSS students dream of becoming politicians or educators. If you earn an HUMSS degree, you could also become a teacher, lawyer, psychologist, social worker, reporter, or writer.

Can I Become a Doctor If My Academic Strand is HUMSS?

No. Do you want to become any kind of medical professional? If so, your best possible option would be to pursue a STEM degree rather than a HUMSS degree.

If you wish to know where the best location is for HUMSS courses abroad, our counsellors are only a click away.

Get in touch with us!

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Top HUMSS Courses List to Study Abroad 2024

The  HUMSS courses  and jobs are a perfect fit for those who think outside the box and want to make a difference in the world. If you are ready to take on challenges and like meeting new people, careers under HUMSS will help you attain your personal goals comfortably. 

After completing the HUMSS course, you can look forward to becoming a social worker, teacher, writer, lawyer, or journalist, which will set you up a strong benchmark in your career. Do you know? Even a psychology career is a viable choice for students opting for courses under the HUMSS strand.

Table of Contents

Humss full form, what is humss strand.

• What are the courses under HUMSS?

The Objectives of the HUMSS Courses

Advantages of the humss courses.

• 10 Best Courses in HUMSS
• HUMSS Jobs (Jobs Under HUMSS)

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The full form of HUMSS is the Humanities and Social Sciences Strand.

The Social Sciences and Humanities strand is the perfect choice for high school students who want to pursue careers in fields such as journalism, communications, education, and liberal arts. All courses in HUMSS focus on developing students' reading, writing, and speaking skills; so they can effectively communicate with others. If you're interested in a career that involves working closely with people, then the Social Sciences and Humanities strand are the possible courses for HUMSS to work with people.

Read More:   Top 10 Interior Design Courses for Filipino Students

Top HUMSS Courses List 2024

‘What are HUMSS strand courses?” is a question that many international students have. This is a brief list of HUMSS courses. But keep in mind that there are a lot more possibilities available in the academic sector:

Humss courses list 2024

Related courses that are under humss strand.

• Bachelor of Arts major in Literature
• Bachelor of Arts major in Philosophy
• Bachelor of Arts major in Political Science
• Bachelor of Arts major in Social Studies
• Bachelor of Sciences in Criminology
• Bachelor of Arts in Communication
• Bachelor of Science in Architecture
• Bachelor of Arts in Journalism

Senior high school students enrolling in HUMSS courses can expect to develop skills and confidence that will prepare them for sociological and artistic careers. Students enrolling in this program will learn to write effectively, edit their work, and use apt words to communicate their ideas. The primary objectives of the HUMSS courses are to communicate effectively with their future patients, clients, or audiences by providing them with the right tools.

• High school students who choose to study humanities and social sciences (HUMSS) can expect to develop essential skills like communication, open-mindedness, and cultural awareness. HUMSS courses provide students with knowledge in areas like psychology, sociology, and a few others. Students reap significant benefits from choosing HUMSS strand courses as they gain skills essential for success in today's world.
• HUMSS graduates can succeed in many professions by understanding and empathising with others. These essential qualities help to build strong relationships, which are key to any successful career.
• HUMSS courses help students develop confidence in expressing their opinions and ideas clearly and concisely. Students learn to articulate their thoughts logically and effectively through various projects and tasks. This skill set is essential in many real-world situations.
• HUMSS strand courses provide students with the skills and knowledge they need to pursue a variety of careers in many different industries. With a strong focus on critical thinking, analysis, and communication, graduates of HUMSS courses will be prepared to excel in any field they choose.

High-Paying HUMSS Strand Jobs (Jobs Under HUMSS)

The following are some of the HUMSS strand jobs that are available for graduating students to contribute to society and the workplace meaningfully:

HUMSS Strand Courses in Australia For Filipino Students

• Bachelor of Arts in Philosophy - Murdoch University
• Bachelor of Arts in International Relations - The University of Sydney
• Bachelor of Arts (Honours) - Archaeology - The University of Western Australia
• Bachelor of Arts in Politics and International Relations - The University of Newcastle
• Bachelor of Advanced Humanities (Honours) - Philosophy - The University of Queensland

HUMSS Strand Courses in Canada For Filipino Students

• Bachelor of Arts Honours in Classical Studies - Western University
• Bachelor of Arts in Humanities (Honours) - York University
• Bachelor of Arts in Child and Family Studies - Nipissing University
• Bachelor of Arts in Humanities - Trinity Western University
• Bachelor of Arts (Honours) in Sociology - University of Regina

HUMSS Strand Courses in USA for Filipino Students

• (B.A) Political Science - Ashland University
• Bachelor of Liberal Studies - Texas Wesleyan University
• (B.A) International Studies - Nova Southeastern University
• Bachelor of Arts in Philosophy - Youngstown State University
• Bachelor of Arts in Political Science - Southeast Missouri State University

HUMSS Strand Courses in UK For Filipino Students

• BA (Honours) Politics - Sheffield Hallam University
• BSc Honours Archaeology - Newcastle University
• BA (Hons) Early Childhood Studies - Bath Spa University
• BA (Hons) Philosophy and Theology - University of Exeter
• BA (Hons) International Politics - Middlesex University

HUMSS Related Courses

• BA (Hons) Social Policy
• (B.A) International Studies
• (B.A) Interdisciplinary Studies
• BA (Hons) Philosophy and Sociology
• BA (Hons) Philosophy and Theology

Courses for HUMSS Students

• (B.A) Journalism
• (B.A) Philosophy
• BA (Hons) Sociology
• (B.A) Political Science
• BA (Hons) Philosophy, Ethics and Religion

HUMSS Strand Courses List

• (B.A) Public Relations
• BA (Honours) Childhood Studies
• BA (Hons) Sociology and Social Policy
• Bachelor of Arts in International Relations
• BA (Hons) Philosophy, Politics and Economics

HUMSS Courses in College

The following are the courses in college under HUMSS:

• (B.A) Psychology
• BA (Hons) - Arts - Politics
• BA (Hons) - Arts - Archaeology
• BA (Honours) Early Childhood Studies
• (B.A) Public Relations and Advertising

HUMSS Courses and Jobs in Australia

Humss courses and jobs in canada 2024, humss courses and jobs in the usa, 10 best college courses for humss students (courses under humss strand), 1. education.

HUMSS students are trained to communicate their ideas effectively and are exposed to a range of fields, such as politics, society and culture. Students enrolled in education courses are considered an information bank with knowledge in various spheres of education. Students eyeing HUMSS courses and jobs can enrol in this course to have a stable and high-growth career.

Read More:   HRM Courses for Filipino Students

2. Psychology

Psychology is one of the ideal courses for Filipino students looking for HUMSS courses and jobs. Psychology primarily focuses on child and adult psychology, behaviour patterns of individuals, human sexuality and personality theory. Psychology needs lots of training and hands-on activities to establish a strong career as a therapist, counsellor, social worker and psychologist.

3. Philosophy

HUMSS has a complete subject dedicated to human philosophy. It is backed by subjects that encourage critical thinking, making it a valuable course for Filipino students looking for HUMSS courses and jobs. In some subjects, philosophical concepts encourage students to be free thinkers; therefore, they are equipped with a solid foundation to pursue their dream career in Philosophy.

4. Sociology

Sociology helps students better understand society and its more significant problems, making it a perfect course for Filipino students looking for HUMSS courses and jobs. Students enrolling in this course will be well-versed in governance, citizenship, community engagement, and research. Therefore, graduating students can do a better job in social work and its related fields.

5. Political Science

Many Filipino students deciding to take up HUMSS courses can enrol in political science degrees to gain awareness about ongoing societal issues and the nation's political climate. This program is supplemented by the HUMSS information-rich subjects, such as politics, governance, social studies and citizenship, helping students to think critically when engaging in governance and politics in future.

6. Literature

Literature is another excellent course for Filipino students eyeing HUMSS courses and jobs, as it helps them enhance their reading and writing skills. Students can become professional writers by enrolling in this course. Besides, a viable opportunity exists for students to learn local and world literature, helping them improve their language skills. 

7. Economics

Are you curious to know why some countries are more prosperous than others and the reasons behind economic recession? Then, you can enrol in economics, as you will better understand various economics concepts.

8. Journalism

Are you passionate about writing and interested in news reporting? Does the magazine and news industry fascinate you? Then, journalism would be one of the top courses for Filipino students having an avid interest in HUMSS courses and jobs. Institutions overseas offer many journalism courses to help Filipino students pursue their dream careers in journalism.

9. Architecture

The architecture program is about the study of designing buildings and structures. Filipino students enrolling in this course can learn various architectural concepts and enhance their knowledge in designing malls, commercial buildings, airport terminals, and civil constructions. Filipino students interested in HUMSS courses and jobs can enrol in this course to pursue a career in architecture, become freelance architects or start their own agency.

Read More:   Top 10 Architecture Courses for Filipino Students  

10. Communication Arts

This HUMSS course is famous for its detailed written and oral communication courses, both in Filipino and English. Filipino students enrolling in this course are trained to communicate their ideas effectively and creatively among various media formats, helping them excel in many communication-related careers such as advertising, public relations, and journalism.

Students' Queries

• What is the best course in HUMSS?

The best course for HUMSS is Literature, Education, Economics, Psychology, Journalism, and Communication Arts. These courses help students to make a difference in society and open doors to a wide range of career options.

• What are the careers under HUMSS?

The courses of HUMSS offer students a chance to pursue careers in public service, law, social work, medicine, psychology, therapy, education, and more. 

• How many subjects are there in HUMSS?

HUMSS students typically take seven core subjects. However, the number of required courses may vary depending on the school's curriculum and specialised programs.

• Which job is best for humanities students?

The range of career options available through studying the Humanities is broad and deep. Those who pursue a degree in this field can find themselves on a path to a successful career in law, journalism, fashion, marketing, aviation, and many other industries.

• Is HUMSS Strand difficult?

There is no denying that the HUMSS strand is a challenging one. However, what sets it apart from the other strands is that the students enrolled in it are future shapers of the nation.

• Why should you choose HUMSS?

The humss strand helps students improve their writing, reading, and comprehension skills. It also prepares them for college by strengthening their logical reasoning. Humanities subjects teach many fundamental skills, such as critical thinking, analysis, and creativity.

• What do Humss students do?

In the HUMSS program, students learn how to effect positive change through their social science theories, community realities, culture, society and political studies. They also discuss moral issues, gaining the knowledge and skills needed to make a difference in the world.

• What skills do you develop by studying the Humanities?

Humanities majors develop a number of important skills, often referred to as "soft skills." These include communicating persuasively in writing and orally, solving problems creatively, working well in teams, making decisions, managing oneself effectively, and critically analysing information.

• What is a bachelor of humanities?

The humanities are an important part of any bachelor's degree program. They allow students to study various aspects of human civilisation, such as music, literature, philosophy, and art.

Frequently Asked Questions

Loved the blog help us reach more students, about the author.

Meet the creative minds behind the content you love in the website ! We're not just any writers; we're your go-to pals when it comes to navigating the world of education. Passionate and committed, our team aims to help you find your dream course by breaking down complex jargon into easy-to-understand language. Overwhelmed by course choices? No worries! We roll up our sleeves to sift through every option, making your search not just easy, but downright enjoyable. Got questions or want recommendations? We're all ears and always excited to help. From deep dives into course specifics to keeping you entertained and informed, we're with you every step of the way. So if you're on the hunt for the perfect course, look no further—AECC Search has got your back from A to Z. Ready to embark on this journey with us? Let's go!

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Humanitourism: Humans Helping Animals through EcoTourism

Humanitourism Adventures : Where passion meets compassion

Combine your passion for travel and adventure with your compassion for animals! Humanitourism: Humans helping Animals through ecoTourism. Humanitourism combines meaningful volunteer work helping animals with outdoor eco-adventures for a truly authentic, connecting and fulfilling experience. Our Humanitourism Adventures are life-changing travel and adventure experiences that help animals, communities and the planet.

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Veterinarians, vet students and vet techs also needed! This is an amazing and rewarding experience for veterinary professionals with tremendous opportunity for continuing education, professional development, community and contribution. Our vets report that this is one of the highlights of their careers.

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To stimulate sustainable development, our trips are designed using lodging, projects and tours that are culturally and environmentally sensitive. These activities contribute economically and socially to the local communities where we serve. In these underserved areas, we strive for short- and longer-term positive change in the lives of the people and animals there.

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Courses You Can Take If You Took HUMSS Strand In Senior High School

Students under the Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS) strand study how people’s behaviors and thoughts are affected by many factors. From family backgrounds to the media they consume. In short, they study and explain the things that shape human experiences. Kasama dito ang religion, history, politics, and culture among others.

Since the human experience is vast field of study, marami ring courses ang pwede mong pagpilian sa kolehiyo. Here are some HUMSS courses you can consider in college:

Literary Arts

Do you like reading or writing stories? Kung mahilig kang magbasa at magsulat, a course in the literary arts might just be for you. Through both technical and creative skills, students in literary arts are trained to tell stories that have value—stories that help people make sense of their experiences. From stories about growing up to stories that preserve truth and history. Pursuing literary arts can lead to a career as a technical writer, journalist, editor, researcher, and more.

Here are some literary arts courses you can consider:

• BFA Creative Writing
• BA Philippine Studies
• BA Literature
• BA Journalism

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Planning to study literary arts in college? Get up to 100% of your tuition covered with a Bukas tuition installment plan. Check out our partner schools !

Media Studies

How do movies represent real life? Why do you immediately want to buy something when you see an advertisement online? Ito ang ilan sa mga tanong na sinasagot ng media studies. Students study how messages are conveyed by a specific medium to an audience. From print, digital, and social media, media shapes how people think and act.

Media studies helps students understand the relationship between people and media. Through this, students are also able to create different kinds of media material for different audiences. For instance, making a public service announcement on radio or making a commercial for a product. With a degree in media studies, maaari kang magtrabaho bilang public relations officer, content creator, media planner and more.

Here are some courses on media studies you can choose from:

• BA Communication Arts
• BA Cultural Studies
• BA Multimedia Arts
• BA Information Design

Planning to pursue media studies in college? Get up to 100% of your tuition covered with a Bukas tuition installment plan. Check out our partner schools !

Social Science

Social science is a study of the social relationships of people in society on a personal and community level. This covers different aspects kagaya ng history, psychology, at politics. Students explore these areas to interpret why and how things work, or don’t work, in a society. For instance, how people vote or why online learning is more difficult for Filipino students.

Kung naiisip mo ang mga bagay tulad nito, or have a heart for enacting change in our society, take a social science course! Depending on your chosen course, you can work as a social worker, lawyer, counselor, civil servant, and more.

Here are some social science courses you can choose from:

• BS Political Science
• BA Sociology
• BA/BS Psychology
• BA Anthropology
• BA Philosophy

Planning to study social science in college? Get up to 100% of your tuition covered with a Bukas tuition installment plan. Check out our partner schools !

International Studies

Have you ever dreamed of working in another country? A course in international studies can prepare you exactly for that. International studies takes the study of social and political relations to another level. Students learn about foreign cultures, policies, and societies in general. Since international studies equips students with a global perspective, the course can be specific to a country of your choice.

Here are some courses on international studies to choose from:

• BS Diplomacy and International Relations
• BS Development Studies
• BS Economics
• BS Global Politics
• BA International Studies (Japan, United States, Korea, etc.)

Planning to pursue international studies in college? Get up to 100% of your tuition covered with a Bukas tuition installment plan. Check out our partner schools !

Learn more about Bukas and how we make education affordable for thousands of Filipino students like you. Apply for a tuition installment plan in your upcoming enrollment, and join our growing community for more tips and advice about all things student life! Kasama mo ang Bukas tungo sa magandang kinabukasan.

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How China’s demand for donkey hide is devastating African communities

China’s demand for a traditional medicine known as e-jiao is fueling the slaughter of millions of donkeys every year, say animal welfare groups and veterinary experts.

E-jiao, which is made using collagen extracted from donkey hides, is the vital ingredient in food and beauty products believed by many Chinese consumers to enrich the blood, improve the immune system, and prevent diseases.

Reuters spoke to more than a dozen experts, including veterinarians and academics, to examine how demand for e-jiao is rippling across communities in Africa, which rely heavily on the donkey, and how the trade in hide continues to boom despite efforts by some African nations to restrict it.

E-jiao products

An illustration showing the products derived from e-jiao, portions of gelatin; Walnut e-jiao cake with kernels; e-jiao powder; e-jiao bottled in small glass vials; e-jiao pills in a jar; finally, e-jiao paste shown in a jar and with a spoon to add it to a glass with water or other drinks.

Traditionally, e-jiao was a luxury product. It gained favor among elites during the Qing dynasty that ruled China from 1644 until 1912. Its popularity has surged in recent years due partly to its use in the Chinese television series ‘Empress in the Palace’, which started airing in 2011. The rise in demand has also been fuelled by China’s growing middle class and rising elderly population.

Its price has leapt 30-fold in the past decade from 100 yuan per 500 grams to 2,986 yuan ($420), according to Chinese state media.

The e-jiao industry requires an estimated 5.9 million donkey skins annually, which has put unprecedented pressure on global populations, according to a report released in February by The Donkey Sanctuary, a British charity devoted to the animal’s welfare.

China’s donkey population has fallen more than 80% to just under 2 million from 11 million in 1992, prompting its e-jiao industry to source donkey skins from overseas.

Number of donkeys in China at year-end

A graphic with a line chart of the donkey population in China from 1950 to 2021. In 1950, the number of donkeys was 10.3 million and it dropped to 1.74 million in 2021.

The consumption boom for e-jiao has led to international commodification of donkeys, says Lauren Johnston, an expert on China-Africa relations who published a study in January last year called “China, Africa and the Market for Donkeys”.

As Africa has the world’s largest donkey population, it has emerged as the key source of donkey skins.

The donkey is used extensively as a workhorse across the continent, particularly for transport, helping to alleviate poverty. It frees many women and girls from some hard physical labour and domestic chores. Its essential role in many African villages clashes with the sky-rocketing demand for donkey hides in China, Johnston said.

“Aside from donkey welfare and supply risks, the consequences for the rural poor in Africa - women and girls in particular - are heart-breaking and counter to mutual development goals,” she said.

Global donkey population in 2022

A tree chart showing the worldwide breakdown of the donkey population in 2022. African countries account for more than half of the global donkey population. The figures are in millions: Ethiopia, 9.93; Sudan, 7.65; Chad, 3.71; Niger, 2.02; Burkina Faso, 1.99; Other African countries, 7.37 million. In other parts of the world: Pakistan has 5.72 million; Mexico, 3.29; China, 1.74. The rest of the world accounts for 8.25 million.

Slaughtering and smuggling

In Nigeria alone, tens of thousands of donkeys are slaughtered annually due to the demand for hides, according to Ibrahim Ado Shehu, a veterinary epidemiologist in the capital, Abuja.

While Nigeria’s government banned exports of donkeys in 2019, slaughtering was still permitted. Typically, donkeys are brought from neighbouring Niger - across the northern border - on a market day, sold off and driven in trucks to southern Nigeria, where they are slaughtered and the skin is exported to China, he said.

The African Union - the 55-member regional bloc - said in February it had banned the slaughter of donkeys for their skin across the continent. The next step is the creation of policies by the Regional Economic Communities (REC) and member states to guide the implementation of the African Union resolution, said Mwenda Mbaka, a veterinarian and animal welfare expert based in Kenya.

“Any government that condones the continued slaughter of the donkeys is in contravention of the ban,” he said. “Such countries can be censored through the structures established for the purpose by the REC and Continental frameworks.”

The move was widely praised by animal welfare groups and environmentalists as a milestone toward protecting Africa’s donkeys. However, many said that implementation will be challenging and there is a large risk that illegal trade will continue to take place.

Donkey trade routes

A view of a map showing the routes used for smuggling donkeys in Africa. Typical routes originate from North African countries like Morocco, Libya, Egypt, Algeria, and other sub Saharan countries and lead to slaughterhouses in Ghana and Nigeria.

Even before the African Union ban, some countries had already passed legislation to curb the trade. Botswana, Burkina Faso and Uganda banned the export of donkey skin whilst Tanzania in 2022 implemented a 10-year ban on donkey slaughter.

Despite individual country bans and moves to regulate the donkey skin trade, donkey trafficking and illegal slaughtering remains rife.

Countries that export or ban the trade of donkey hides

A world map showing countries that export or ban the trade of donkey hides. All African countries, including Brazil and Colombia, banned trade. Australia and Pakistan being considering banning the export.

“Enforcement of the continent-wide ban will be the biggest challenge,” said Shehu.

A graphic showing the process of donkey slaughter: 1; a hand with a captive bolt gun placed on the forehead of the donkey, used to render the animal unconscious. 2; a man striking the donkey's forehead with an iron mallet "in some places this method is still used." 3; the animal is hung upside down by its legs and sacrificed by cutting its throat and bleeding it out. Following this, the animal's skin is removed.

Another concern is that donkeys can spread zoonotic diseases - maladies that can pass from animals to humans - such as brucellosis (a flu-like bacterial infection) and leptospirosis (also known as Weil’s disease) during the slaughter process or along shipment routes, industry experts said.

An illustration shows dozens of skins laid out to dry in the sun on the ground.

After the animals have been skinned, their hides are left to dry under the sun. Drying and salting, which is done to process the donkey skins before shipping to China, allows some pathogens to survive, veterinarians and conservation groups said.

A pallet containing stacked skins that have been packaged. A man standing next to it.

The process to make e-jiao comprises many steps including boiling the donkey skin to get gelatin, then filtering, cutting, drying and cleaning. The final product can be made into products ranging from face creams and liquors to cake and candy.

China’s appetite for the hides has seen many skins mass-processed in modern factories using large tanks for boiling the hide. But the underlying process remains similar to traditional practices used for centuries in China.

Traditional E-jiao preparation

Once famed as a delicacy for the very wealthy, e-jiao is widely seen as a contemporary Chinese superfood and associated with gift giving, comparable to ginseng or expensive tea.

Many e-jiao products are readily available on common online platforms such as Amazon and Taobao, which sell items including Shandong walnut e-jiao cake and e-jiao black sesame balls.

Social and economic problems magnified

The donkey remains one of the most affordable means of transporting goods and people in many rural African communities. Even in harsh conditions, the animals can travel long distances with heavy loads.

“When China’s e-jiao demand disrupts this role, decades before Africa’s poor are able to replace donkeys with mechanized vehicles, this not only fails to foster prosperity but may also see a return to poverty, especially among women,” said Johnston.

China has been Africa’s largest trading partner since 2009. The China-Africa donkey trade has become a controversial issue that may harm China’s bigger aspirations in the Global South, she said.

A Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson told Reuters that China and Africa’s economic and trade cooperation had “developed vigorously” in recent years, bringing “tangible benefits” to people on both sides.

“China has always respected Africa’s wishes in its cooperation and is committed to achieving mutual benefit and win-win results,” the spokesperson said, adding that the government has always required Chinese companies and citizens to abide by local laws and regulations.

The African Union did not immediately respond to requests for comment.

The graphic shows a donkey viewed from its left side. Its robust skeleton is displayed, with the five lumbar vertebrae that make donkeys stronger for transport highlighted in red. It has small, flexible hooves that make them more versatile for long journeys.

Breeding attempts

In recent years, China has begun looking to countries such as Pakistan and Afghanistan to source donkey skin. Most donkey skins shipped from Pakistan to China are part of an undercover trade, said Muhammad A. Kavesh, director of the South Asia Research Institute at the Australian National University.

For instance, in 2022 in Karachi, a shipment was seized carrying almost 10 metric tons of donkey skins to Hong Kong. The shipment was initially declared as carrying salt and handkerchiefs, Kavesh said.

Unlike pigs and cows, however, donkeys are very slow to reproduce, say animal experts. Females, known as Jennies, are pregnant for around 11-14.5 months and then typically give birth to just a single foal.

Establishing a farming system capable of supplying the full 5.9 million skins required annually to make e-jiao could take more than two decades, said The Donkey Sanctuary.

A diagram comparing the breeding circle of donkeys and pigs. Donkeys require over 2.5 years to reach sexual maturity, and after pregnancy, they need 11-14.5 months to give birth to a foal. In contrast, pigs typically only need 5-6 months to reach sexual maturity, with a gestation period of just 114 days.

Booming e-jiao industry in China

E-jiao has a 3,000 year history in the northern Shandong province, according to the government-backed China Daily newspaper. The province accounts for around 90% of China’s e-jiao production, it said.

E-jiao is a “national cultural heritage” and is one of the most important products in the traditional Chinese medicine industry, according to Chinese state media.

Four companies dominate the e-jiao sector, according to Johnston’s China-Africa report, with Dong-E-E-Jiao accounting for around 60% of total production, the Fu brand controlling 15% of the market and Taiji and Tongrentang Ejiao controlling 10% each.

Dong E-E-Jiao, partly owned by China’s state-backed China Resources Group, said in March that its net profit surged 48% last year to 1.15 billion yuan ($159 million) due to strong sales of donkey hide gelatin products in China.

The company, which employs more than 3,700 people, cited long-term risks such as the fall in the number of donkeys, noting that research on breeding and disease-control lag behind demand for skins. It did not respond to requests for comment.

Dong E-E-Jiao together with the Dong’ e county government opened a large-scale e-jiao tourism site called ‘E-jiao World’ in China’s Shandong province in 2018. Spanning more than 200 acres, it includes a museum, health tourism facilities, shopping and entertainment to educate visitors on how e-jiao is made.

Dong says the site also includes areas researching donkey breeding and cryopreservation technology.

It may be more challenging for companies to source donkey hides after the African Union ban, say industry experts and animal rights campaigners.

Megan Sheraton, global communications manager at Brooke, a charity that seeks to protect horses, donkeys and mules, said that while the AU ban was a great step forward “it will take quite some time for it to be introduced throughout the continent”.

To date, the patchwork of different legislation across Africa has made it hard to protect donkeys: it has been easy for traders to move donkeys across borders and change trade routes.

Janneke Merkx, Campaigns Manager at the Donkey Sanctuary, said that over time the Africa Union’s decision would make it much harder for traders to operate across borders and to find ways to export hides.

“We hope it will encourage the e-jiao industry to stop importing donkey skins into China and start investing in sustainable alternatives such as lab-grown collagen.”

The Donkey Sanctuary; The China Project; Brooke; Kansas State University - C. L. Herman; Britannica; “Donkey Nutrition and Feeding: Nutrient Requirements and Recommended Allowances—A Review and Prospect, by William Martin-Rosset”; The National Pork Board; The Oxpeckers Center for Investigative Environmental Journalism; People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals; Food and Agriculture Organization; National Bureau of Statistics of China; Jinan government website; Dong E Ejiao company files; United States Congressional Research Service report on Ejiao and the Donkey hide trade, Australian National University.

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Dubai’s biblical rain: Is cloud seeding to be blamed?

Torrential rain across the united arab emirates has prompted flight cancellations, forced schools to shut and brought traffic to a standstill. but has cloud seeding played a role in it let's understand it in detail below..

Listen to Story

• Heavy rain floods parts of UAE
• The desert nation deploys cloud seeding technique for enhancing rainfall
• Cloud seeding poses risks which includes flash floods

Heavy rain lashed several parts of the United Arab Emirates on Tuesday, dumping over a year and a half’s worth of rain on the desert city-state of Dubai in hours and flooding portions of major highways and its international airport .

The heavy downpour that caused widespread flooding in Dubai and other parts of the UAE stemmed partly from cloud seeding , experts said.

The UAE, located in one of the hottest and driest regions on earth, is one of the pioneers in using cloud seeding technology to increase precipitation, which remains at less than 100 millimetres (3.9 inches) annually on average in the Persian Gulf region.

The main aim of the deployment of this technology is to fulfil the water demands of a growing population and the economy, which has been diversifying into tourism and other areas.

Apart from the UAE, other countries in the region, including Saudi Arabia and Oman, deploy similar technology to increase precipitation in their countries.

WHAT IS CLOUD SEEDING OR ARTIFICIAL RAIN?

Artificial rain, also known as cloud seeding, is a weather modification technique aimed at stimulating precipitation. This process involves the introduction of substances, such as silver iodide or potassium iodide, into clouds using aircraft or helicopters.

These particles help in the condensation of water vapour and the formation of raindrops or ice crystals - leading to cloud formation and subsequent rainfall.

The success of cloud seeding relies on specific meteorological conditions, including the presence of moisture-laden clouds and suitable wind patterns.

HOW CLOUD SEEDING WORKS

Clouds are full of tiny water droplets or ice crystals. These form when water vapour condenses around particles like dust or salt in the air.

Through the process of cloud seeding, certain chemicals such as silver iodide are introduced into the atmosphere which induces freezing within these clouds and causes rain.

The cloud seeding operation is carried out using small, slow-moving aircraft that disperse the chemicals into the clouds.

CAN CLOUD SEEDING CAUSE FLASH FLOODS?

With the benefits of providing water through rainfall, the process of cloud seeding also poses several risks.

The rain meant for one region might be diverted, causing drought elsewhere, with the deployment of cloud seeding.

The areas where the cloud seeding method is deployed usually do not have the infrastructure to accommodate the additional rainfall which often results in floods and destruction.

In Oman, a neighbouring country of the UAE, at least 18 people have died in recent days as the heavy rains caused flooding, news agency AP reported, citing a statement from the country’s National Committee for Emergency Management.

Notably, Oman has deployed the technique of cloud seeding for enhancing precipitation in its country.

According to scientists, the use of the chemical silver iodide also has long-term effects on the ecosystem.

HALO Space unveils capsule design for stratospheric space 'glamping'

A Spanish balloon company plans to begin flying paying space tourists in 2026

LONDON — Stratospheric balloon company HALO Space plans to offer aspiring space travelers the space tourism equivalent of glamping. Instead of tight space suits and stomach-churning G-forces typically attached to a rocket flight, the company's pressurized capsule, attached to a helium-filled balloon, will offer comfy swivel seats, giant windows and a selection of fine cuisine.

The Spanish-headquartered firm unveiled the design of the 3.9-ton (3.5 metric tonnes) Aurora capsule at an event in London on Wednesday, April 10, and said it hoped to begin commercial operations in 2026. 

Unlike suborbital space tourism companies such as Virgin Galactic and Blue Origin , HALO Space won't be taking passengers high enough to experience weightlessness . The flight will be a rather leisurely affair lasting up to six hours, almost four of which will be spent hovering in the stratosphere some 22 miles (35 kilometers) above Earth's surface. There, high above the cloud tops, passengers will be able to admire the star-studded blackness of space above, as well as the curvature of the planet shrouded in the atmosphere beneath their feet.

Related: Space Perspective is nearly ready to fly tourists on luxury balloon rides near the edge of space (exclusive)

"When you talk to astronauts, they tell you that this experience of watching the planet from above is really something unique and extraordinary," HALO Space CEO Carlos Mira said in the press conference. "So far, only 650 humans have had the opportunity to experience this overview effect. But you don’t need to go all the way to space to have it. We hope to offer this experience to 1,000 people by 2030."

HALO Space is one of two companies currently readying its balloon technology to begin commercial operations in the next two years. The other is Florida-based Space Perspective, which revealed a completed test model of their Spaceship Neptune in February. HALO Space said they have conducted five test flights with a mockup and plan to take off for the first crewed test in 2025 before commencing flights with paying passengers a year later. 

Both companies hope their propositions will attract a wider customer base than the jerky rocket rides of Blue Origin and Virgin Galactic, which propel daredevil clients on short joy rides to the edge of space and back. Reaching an altitude nearly three times higher than stratospheric balloons, Virgin Galactic and Blue Origin's spacecraft experience several-minute-long spells of microgravity before falling back to Earth . 

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At $164,000 per seat, a trip with HALO Space will cost about a third of the price of a Virgin Galactic flight and won't require any advanced medical certifications. 

"The take-off will be like being in an elevator," said Mira. "The ascent is soft and gentle, climbing at 12 miles per hour."

The 16-foot-wide (5 meters) and 11.5-foot-tall (3.5 m) capsule will be made of aluminum alloy and composite materials. With an internal space of 30.4 square feet (2.8 square meters), the spaceship could host eight paying passengers, plus a pilot. The internal atmosphere will be maintained by a life-support system similar to that of an aircraft. Yet despite this crammed interior and the extreme environment outside the capsule, passengers should still feel perfectly comfortable and able to relax.

"It's meant to be a sort of a glamping experience," Frank Stephenson, creative director and founder of Frank Stephenson Design who led the design work said at the conference. "It's a high-level experience for these people who are used to flying first class rather than economy."

Stephenson, who had previously worked for high-end car makers including BMW, Ferrari, Maserati and McLaren, said the biggest challenge was keeping the capsule light enough so that it can be safely lifted by the balloon while still making sure every aspect of the interior lives up to the expectations of passengers. 

“It's very easy to add weight to things and make it super comfortable," Stephenson said. "It's more difficult to reduce weight, reduce material and still make it feel like a very unique experience."

When fully inflated, the stratospheric balloon will be 460 feet (140 meters) tall, towering over the gleaming space capsule. The balloon is designed to detach from the capsule during descent. The capsule will then be brought down to a landing under a steerable parachute. Mira said the balloon technology is inherently safer than rockets loaded with explosive fuels. It also produces no greenhouse gas emissions, making the experience 100 percent compliant with the most stringent environmental protection standards.

—  Space Perspective wants to take tourists on balloon rides to the stratosphere

—  Space Perspective partners with Exclusive Resorts for balloon rides to the stratosphere

—  Space Perspective starts selling seats for balloon rides

"We are using mature technologies," said Mira. "Balloons in general have been around for more than 200 years. This type of balloon, stratospheric balloons, have been around for almost 100 years. The first human went to the stratosphere on a balloon in 1931."

HALO Space plans to fly from spaceports in the Mojave Desert in the U.S., Spain, Australia and Saudi Arabia. The company is currently working with the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration to receive a license before its first crewed flight next year.  

Join our Space Forums to keep talking space on the latest missions, night sky and more! And if you have a news tip, correction or comment, let us know at: [email protected].

Tereza is a London-based science and technology journalist, aspiring fiction writer and amateur gymnast. Originally from Prague, the Czech Republic, she spent the first seven years of her career working as a reporter, script-writer and presenter for various TV programmes of the Czech Public Service Television. She later took a career break to pursue further education and added a Master's in Science from the International Space University, France, to her Bachelor's in Journalism and Master's in Cultural Anthropology from Prague's Charles University. She worked as a reporter at the Engineering and Technology magazine, freelanced for a range of publications including Live Science, Space.com, Professional Engineering, Via Satellite and Space News and served as a maternity cover science editor at the European Space Agency.

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Feeling rushed at the food ordering kiosk? You're not alone

by Jonny Hart, Temple University

If you've been to a fast-food restaurant recently, you've probably noticed that self-service kiosks are beginning to replace human workers. But as you go to place your order and the lunch-rush crowd grows behind you, have you experienced increased pressure to make a decision?

If so, you're not alone.

According to a recent Temple University study, customers experience more stress when placing their orders, and even order less food, when using self-service kiosks as a line forms behind them.

The study , titled "Lined Up? Examining a 'Waiting Line' Effect in Technology-Enabled Restaurant Menu Ordering," is authored by Lu Lu, associate professor and Arthur F. McGonigle Research Fellow, and Wangoo Lee, Ph.D. candidate at Temple's School of Sport, Tourism, and Hospitality Management.

Recently published in the Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research , Lu and Lee's study has implications for both customers and the fast-casual dining industry.

Among its key findings: Customers ordering from a self-service kiosk as a line forms feel increased pressure to place their order, versus customers who order with a human at the counter; and customers ordering from a self-service kiosk as a line forms tend to order less food, and they are less likely to try new menu items , instead defaulting to items that are familiar to them.

The study comprised a series of scenario-based online experiments. They designed a website that simulated the experience of ordering menu items in a fast-casual restaurant. As participants worked their way through the simulation, they were given a description of what the restaurant physically looked like and asked to imagine that a line was forming behind them. Lu and Lee gathered data on what the participants ordered, how long they spent browsing the menu and how much money they spent.

They then administered a survey, where participants described their experience throughout the simulation. Participants indicated that the simulation's scenarios were realistic, and that they've experienced similar scenarios in real life.

Customers feel more pressure as a line forms and they're using a kiosk, Lu explained, because they feel a responsibility to keep the line moving.

"When you're working with a human employee to place your order and there's a service mishap or delay, you can attribute that fault to the employee. The customer is not responsible for that experience, because there is a conscious human employee there," said Lu, whose research focuses on consumer behavior marketing, primarily in service interactions and marketing, and food and beverage decision-making. "But when self-service technology is used for placing an order, more of that responsibility is shifted to the customer. This is especially true when there is a waiting line."

According to the researchers, this ordering anxiety has major implications for businesses using self-service technology. As a line forms, customers tend to order less food and spend less time browsing the menu, their study finds. More importantly, customers tend to order menu items they're familiar with and ignore new items, which can be especially devastating to fast-casual restaurants.

"For quick service and fast-casual restaurants specifically, having new product development is their key strategy for keeping customers engaged," Lu said. "Think about Burger King, McDonald's or Shake Shack. They always have something new on their menu and in their advertisements. They do this to make their menu more interesting."

If customers default to ordering menu items they're familiar with, these businesses miss valuable opportunities to engage with customers and differentiate themselves, explained Lu.

"Even though these businesses always have fresh items, people won't notice because they're in such a rush to order," she continued.

Lu and Lee's findings only apply to customer behavior as a line forms behind them. A recent study found that self-service technology can actually increase revenue when there is no line and customers have time to customize their order. Lu and Lee's study suggests that avoiding negative outcomes from ordering at a kiosk may require restaurants to rethink their line design.

Their study tested different line designs and found that one line feeding multiple kiosks helps reduce ordering anxiety.

"When each kiosk has its own line, the customer ordering feels responsible for the people waiting in line," Lu said. "But when one line feeds multiple kiosks, the group of customers placing their order shares responsibility for the people waiting in line."

Lu says that restaurants can implement other changes to line design to help reduce ordering anxiety. One idea is to avoid creating a physical line and instead create a virtual line using cellphone technology. She also suggests making waiting in line more interesting for customers, such as by displaying the menu in a way that customers can easily browse as they wait.

And while Lu says ordering anxiety may decrease as we become more comfortable with self-service technology, she doesn't expect it to go away entirely.

"Humans are social animals by nature—we consider others," she said. "That feeling of pressure is really just one customer being considerate of other customers. That social consideration will always be there."

So, the next time you're stressing and rushing to place your order, consider some advice from Lu: "Give yourself some mercy and remember that you're not the person who lacks tech skills and is causing an inconvenience. We all have to learn this new process together."

Provided by Temple University

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Science | Next up is launch, as Boeing’s Starliner takes…

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Science | bob graham, former florida governor and u.s. senator, dies at 87, subscriber only, science | next up is launch, as boeing’s starliner takes trek to cape canaveral.

The spacecraft has left the building.

Boeing’s CST-100 Starliner, set to take its first humans on board during the Crew Flight Test mission next month, was transported from Boeing’s Commercial Crew and Cargo Processing Facility at Kennedy Space Center on a 10-mile trip to Cape Canaveral Space Force Station.

It arrived at United Launch Alliance’s Vertical Integration Facility early Tuesday where it was placed atop an Atlas V rocket ahead of the planned launch from Canaveral’s Space Launch Complex 41 as early as May 6. The capsule will take NASA astronauts Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams on a planned eight-day mission to the International Space Station.

A moment in history. #Starliner is making the turn past @NASA 's historic Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB). The VAB is where the Saturn V rocket and the Space Shuttle were assembled. Today it's where the Space Launch System rocket is assembled ahead of Artemis missions. pic.twitter.com/Yht8CrIdX5 — Boeing Space (@BoeingSpace) April 16, 2024

Boeing completed fueling its spacecraft at the Starliner production facility adjacent to KSC’s massive Vehicle Assembly Building earlier this month.

“Samples were taken and specialized tests were conducted throughout the propellent loading process to ensure the safety of the team performing the operation and the safe operation of the spacecraft on orbit,” said Mark Sorensen, Starliner CFT Crew Module lead.

Before it left the building, Boeing performed a final weigh-in that also acted as the center-of-gravity check. Teams signed off on that, and Starliner was loaded by crane atop ULA’s transport vehicle called “K-MAG” for the overnight trip between KSC and Canaveral.

Astronauts Butch Wilmore, @Astro_Suni , @AstroIronMike , @Astro_Kutryk , @Astro_Maker1 and @Astro_Kimiya are here to see the #Starliner spacecraft off. pic.twitter.com/PHaZsLoIb7 — Boeing Space (@BoeingSpace) April 16, 2024

Williams and Wilmore were joined by NASA astronauts Mike Fincke and Scott Tingle, Canadian Space Agency astronaut Joshua Kutryk and JAXA  astronaut Yui Kimiya to see Starliner off.

Fincke, Tingle and Kutryk have all been announced as the crew of Starliner’s next planned mission, Starliner-1, while Kimiya is assigned for a long-duration stay on board the ISS in 2025, so could become its fourth crew member.

Starliner is the second of two spacecraft created as part of NASA’s Commercial Crew Program alongside SpaceX’s Crew Dragon. SpaceX completed its first test crew mission back in 2020 and has since flown what is now a fleet of four Crew Dragons an additional 12 times on both private and NASA missions carrying 50 humans into space in the last four years.

Boeing 1 month out from 4 years of catchup to SpaceX with 1st crewed Starliner flight

Boeing has faced a series of delays highlighted by an uncrewed test flight in December 2019 that failed to rendezvous with the ISS, forcing the company to refly its uncrewed dry run before it set up for the human test flight. The second try went well, but it took 2 1/2 years to get there in May 2022. Further fixes were also needed to the spacecraft, which have pushed CFT an additional two years past the last time it flew.

But everything is now queued up for the final push to space. The Atlas V rocket has been onsite since February, and ULA completed its CFT Mission Success Review earlier in April.

“Doing everything thing we can to give Butch and Suni a boring trip to ISS on the Atlas,” said ULA President and CEO Tory Bruno on X.

#Starliner has been securely integrated with the #AtlasV rocket, which will fly @Astro_Suni and Butch Wilmore to @Space_Station on the Crew Flight Test. Thanks to @ulalaunch for helping to accomplish this important step toward launch. More: https://t.co/3iWmsPHJtO 📸: ULA pic.twitter.com/asKhwbEvOa — Boeing Space (@BoeingSpace) April 16, 2024

If all goes well with CFT, the first operational mission Starliner-1 could fly as early as February 2025.

While SpaceX is in the middle of its eighth operational flight, Crew-8, with Crew-9 slated for August, once Boeing’s Starliner is certified, the two companies will trade off flights to the ISS so each makes only one trip there annually.

Boeing has six operational flights to the ISS under contract, so it can support rotational crew missions through 2030, when NASA has said it plans to begin decommissioning the ISS.

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