the hero's journey for beowulf

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Beowulf | Summary, Poem, Characters, Monster, Analysis

Beowulf, an iconic piece of Old English literature, transcends time with its gripping narrative and profound themes. Journey through the legendary tale as we dissect its summary, explore its characters, and delve deep into its analysis.

Table of Contents

The Epic Saga Unveiled

A hero’s journey.

Beowulf | Summary, Poem, Characters, Monster, Analysis begins with the valiant hero Beowulf, who sets out on a perilous journey to rid the Danish kingdom of the menacing monster Grendel.

The Arrival of Beowulf

In this gripping chapter of Beowulf | Summary, Poem, Characters, Monster, Analysis, we witness Beowulf’s arrival in Denmark and his bold proclamation to King Hrothgar.

Exploring the Poem’s Depths

Rich symbolism.

Within Beowulf | Summary, Poem, Characters, Monster, Analysis lies a tapestry of rich symbolism, woven through its poetic verses. Explore the depths of its allegorical significance and unravel its hidden meanings.

Themes of Good vs. Evil

Delve into the heart of Beowulf | Summary, Poem, Characters, Monster, Analysis as we dissect the timeless battle between good and evil depicted in its verses.

Characters: Heroes and Villains

Beowulf: the heroic protagonist.

Meet Beowulf, the epitome of heroism and valor. Explore his character arc and delve into the depths of his noble deeds in Beowulf | Summary, Poem, Characters, Monster, Analysis.

Grendel: The Malevolent Menace

In this chapter of Beowulf | Summary, Poem, Characters, Monster, Analysis, we encounter the nefarious Grendel, a formidable foe who terrorizes the Danish kingdom.

Confronting the Monstrous Challenge

Battle with grendel.

Experience the adrenaline-pumping encounter between Beowulf and Grendel as we dissect this pivotal moment in Beowulf | Summary, Poem, Characters, Monster, Analysis.

The Wrath of Grendel’s Mother

In this thrilling segment of Beowulf | Summary, Poem, Characters, Monster, Analysis, witness Beowulf’s epic confrontation with the vengeful Grendel’s mother.

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Analyzing the Epic Tale

Literary analysis.

Embark on a journey of literary exploration as we analyze the themes, motifs, and stylistic elements of Beowulf | Summary, Poem, Characters, Monster, Analysis.

Historical Context

Delve into the historical backdrop of Beowulf | Summary, Poem, Characters, Monster, Analysis, and gain insights into its significance in the context of Old English literature.

FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)

What is the central theme of beowulf.

The central theme of Beowulf revolves around the timeless battle between good and evil, valor, and heroism.

Who is the author of Beowulf?

The authorship of Beowulf remains a subject of scholarly debate, with no definitive answer.

What role does Grendel play in Beowulf?

Grendel serves as the primary antagonist in Beowulf, symbolizing the embodiment of evil and chaos.

Is Beowulf based on true events?

While Beowulf is a work of fiction, it is believed to be inspired by historical events and figures.

What is the significance of Beowulf in literature?

Beowulf holds immense significance in the realm of literature, serving as a cornerstone of Old English poetry and a timeless exploration of heroism and valor.

How does Beowulf reflect Anglo-Saxon culture?

Beowulf reflects various aspects of Anglo-Saxon culture, including its emphasis on bravery, loyalty, and the heroic code.

In conclusion, Beowulf | Summary, Poem, Characters, Monster, Analysis stands as a timeless masterpiece, captivating readers with its epic narrative and profound themes. Dive into this legendary tale, unravel its mysteries, and discover the essence of heroism and valor.

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The Heroic Legend of Beowulf

Author: Ancient Theory

Published: November 17, 2023 / Updated: December 3, 2023

This page may contain links to products/services. Ancient Theory may earn a commission on sales made through these links.

• The Life and Adventures of Beowulf
• Literary Themes and Significance
• Connections to Norse Mythology and Other Epics
• Modern Adaptations and Cultural Impact
• An Epic Legacy

Beowulf, an epic poem written in Old English, is not only a cornerstone of Anglo-Saxon literature but also a window into the early medieval world. Its narrative, centered around the hero Beowulf and his legendary feats, offers a rich blend of historical insight, mythological fantasy, and profound thematic exploration.

The World of Beowulf

Beowulf’s narrative is set in a time when heroic deeds and loyalty were highly valued. The story unfolds in Scandinavia, primarily in what are now Denmark and Sweden. This geographical setting is important as it reflects the close cultural and historical ties between the Scandinavians and the Anglo-Saxons, who likely brought the tale with them to the British Isles.

Beowulf’s Upbringing and Personal Qualities

Early life and ancestry.

Beowulf’s early life is shrouded in the mists of legend. He is presented as a member of the Geatish society, with a lineage that includes warriors and nobles. His upbringing, therefore, would have been steeped in the martial traditions and heroic values of his people.

Personal Attributes

Beowulf is portrayed as the epitome of the ideal warrior. His strength is almost superhuman, and his skills in combat are unmatched. However, what truly distinguishes him are his leadership qualities, his sense of justice, and his unwavering commitment to the well-being of his people. His bravery is matched by his wisdom, and his actions are guided by a deep sense of honor and duty.

Detailed Narrative of Beowulf’s Heroic Feats and Battles

Grendel’s terror and the battle at heorot.

Beowulf’s first heroic feat involves confronting Grendel, a creature born of sin and malice. The terror brought by Grendel to Heorot, a symbol of community and fellowship, underscores the monstrous nature of his acts. Beowulf’s battle with Grendel is unique as he chooses to fight the monster without weapons, relying solely on his superhuman strength. This encounter ends with Beowulf ripping Grendel’s arm off, a feat that demonstrates not just physical prowess but also his deep understanding of honor and fair play in combat.

The Underwater Duel with Grendel’s Mother

The second challenge Beowulf faces is against Grendel’s mother, seeking vengeance for her son’s death. This battle, taking place in her underwater lair, adds a mystical element to the narrative. Beowulf’s descent into the watery depths is symbolic of a journey into the unknown, facing the darker aspects of life and death. The fight with Grendel’s mother is fiercer, requiring Beowulf to use a magical sword. This battle illustrates the hero’s resilience, adaptability, and his willingness to face death.

The Dragon and the Final Sacrifice

In his final act of heroism, an aged Beowulf confronts a dragon that threatens his kingdom. This battle is markedly different from his previous encounters. The dragon, a traditional symbol of greed and a guardian of treasure, presents a challenge that culminates in a pyrrhic victory for Beowulf. He succeeds in killing the dragon but is mortally wounded. This final battle is a poignant exploration of the inevitability of death and the legacy of a hero.

Language and Style

The poem is notable for its use of alliteration, a stylistic feature typical of Germanic poetry. Its language is rich and evocative, full of kennings (compound expressions with metaphorical meaning), which add a unique flavor to the narrative.

The Hero’s Journey and Its Influence

Beowulf’s hero’s journey.

Beowulf’s story can be seen as an early form of the Hero’s Journey, a narrative structure that has been influential in storytelling across cultures. His journey includes elements such as the call to adventure (his decision to fight Grendel), crossing the threshold (traveling to Heorot), trials and tribulations (battles with Grendel, his mother, and the dragon), and the return (his death and the legacy he leaves behind).

Themes of Heroism and Morality

Beowulf explores the hero’s journey, not just through physical battles but also through his moral choices. Themes like loyalty, bravery, and the struggle between good and evil are central to the narrative. The poem also reflects on the transient nature of fame and the inevitability of death, adding a layer of philosophical depth.

Influence on Subsequent Literature

The structure and themes of Beowulf’s tale have influenced countless stories and myths that followed. The concept of a hero facing insurmountable odds, undergoing personal growth through trials, and ultimately impacting their world is a pattern seen in many cultures’ folklore and literature. From classical epics like the “Odyssey” to modern fantasy like “The Lord of the Rings,” the echoes of Beowulf’s journey can be discerned. This universality of Beowulf’s story speaks to its enduring power and its ability to resonate across ages and cultures.

Beowulf shares thematic and narrative elements with Norse mythology and other Germanic legends. Characters like Sigurd/Siegfried from the Völsunga saga and the Nibelungenlied exhibit traits similar to Beowulf’s. These connections highlight a shared cultural heritage across medieval Europe.

In modern times, Beowulf has inspired a wide range of adaptations and interpretations in literature, film, and other media. Each adaptation offers a different perspective on the story, demonstrating its continued relevance and appeal.

Examples of Modern Adaptations

• Movies : The 2007 film “Beowulf,” uses advanced animation techniques to bring a new dimension to the story.
• Literature : John Gardner’s novel “ Grendel ” (1971) presents the story from the monster’s perspective, offering a fresh and philosophical take on the Beowulf legend.

The story of Beowulf, transcending its medieval origins, continues to captivate audiences with its portrayal of a hero whose courage and moral compass shine across the centuries. Its enduring appeal lies in its universal themes and its insight into a time when heroes were revered not just for their strength but for their character. Beowulf’s tale, encompassing the triumphs and tragedies of the human experience, continues to be a seminal work in the exploration of heroism and the human condition.

At Ancient Theory we only use trusted sources to document our articles. Such relevant sources include authentic documents, newspaper and magazine articles, established authors, or reputable websites.

• "Beowulf and the Critics" by J.R.R. Tolkien: Tolkien, known for his own epic tales, provides a critical analysis of Beowulf, emphasizing its value beyond mere historical interest. [ Source ]
• "Beowulf: A Translation and Commentary" by J.R.R. Tolkien: This book includes Tolkien's own translation of the poem, accompanied by his detailed commentary. [ Source ]
• The Electronic Beowulf Project: An online resource providing access to digitized manuscripts of Beowulf, facilitating in-depth study of the poem's text and historical context. [ Source ]
• "The Art of Beowulf" by Arthur Gilchrist Brodeur: This book delves into the artistry of the Beowulf poem, analyzing its structure, style, and thematic depth. [ Source ]

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The Hero’s Journey: Examples of Each Stage

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Mythology can be simultaneously fascinating and complex. Intrigued by these legendary tales, author Joseph Campbell studied myths and made the famous claim that nearly all myths and some other story types have similar ideas, and the heroes' adventures are almost identical in their format. The different stages of adventure he identified have come to be called the hero's journey. Explore the stages of a hero's journey and hero's journey examples.

Stages of the Hero's Journey

There are multiple steps to the hero's journey, and each step falls into one of three stages.

• Stage 1: Departure - During this stage, the hero is preparing for his quest.
• Stage 2: Initiation - This begins as the hero crosses the first threshold, and it ends as the hero begins the road back.
• Stage 3: Return - This starts as the hero begins the road back, this stage continues through the end of the story.

Joseph Campbell's Hero's Journey Steps

In his book, The Hero with a Thousand Faces , Joesph Campbell broke down the 17 steps of the hero's journey.

• Call to Adventure - A problem or threat interrupts the hero's normal life.
• Refusal of the Call - Initially, the hero is hesitant to embark on the journey. Therefore, they refuse the call.
• Supernatural Aid - Someone they look up to helps them find the inspiration to join the journey.
• Crossing the Threshold - This is the point where the hero leaves on their journey.
• Belly of the Whale - In this stage, the hero encounters the first obstacle after leaving on the journey. This step is the end of the departure stage.
• Road of Trials - The first step of the initiation stage, these are the trials the hero undergoes and the beginning of the change in some aspect of the hero. They learn from their mistakes in this step.
• Meeting With the Goddess - The hero meets the allies that will help them through their journey.
• Woman as Temptress - The temptation that arises to try to get the hero to abandon the journey.
• Atonement With the Father - One of the major turning points of the story where the hero faces the ultimate reason for the journey. The hero might face a villain or even their own doubt.
• Apotheosis - From the previous step, the hero learns how they will face the rest of the journey. This is the moment that the hero gains profound understanding or knowledge that helps them to prevail.
• Ultimate Boon - The final step of the initiation stage, this step is where the hero fulfills the reason for their journey.
• Refusal of Return - The first step of the return stage, the hero is initially reluctant to return to their mundane life.
• Magic Flight - Though the hero has answered their call and completed the reason for their journey, they are still chased by others. In this step, the hero works to evade those chasing them.
• Rescue From Without - Again an outside source or mentor works to guide them home and rescue them from those chasing them.
• Crossing the Return Threshold - The hero crosses back into their mundane world.
• Master of Two Worlds - Since the hero has been on the journey, they need to learn to balance their mundane life and the world they experienced on the journey.
• Freedom to Live - The hero acclimates back into their mundane life and lives peacefully.

Christopher Vogler's 12 Step Hero's Journey

In his book, The Writer's Journey , Christopher Vogler, a Hollywood consultant, simplified Joseph Campbell's hero's journey into only 12 steps. The 12 steps of the hero's journey include:

• Ordinary World - This step refers to the hero's normal life at the start of the story, before the adventure begins. It’s the starting point, and it gives a glimpse into the character of the hero before the adventure begins. Often, this hero will change over the course of the story. We may see evidence of hamartia or a fatal flaw in the hero at this early point in the story.
• Call to Adventure - The hero is faced with something that makes them begin their adventure. This might be a problem or a challenge they need to overcome. In general, the hero must make a choice about whether to undertake the adventure.
• Refusal of the Call - The hero attempts to refuse the adventure because of fear. They may feel unprepared or inadequate, or may not want to sacrifice what is being asked of them.
• Meeting With the Mentor - The hero encounters someone who can give advice and ready them for the journey ahead. Acting as a mentor, this person imparts wisdom that may change the hero’s mind.
• Crossing the First Threshold - The hero leaves their ordinary world for the first time and crosses the threshold into adventure. This step may seem almost inevitable, but it also represents a choice the hero is making. It’s a door through which the hero must pass for the story to really begin.
• Tests, Allies, Enemies - The hero learns the rules of their new world. During this time, they endure tests of strength and tests of will, meets friends, and come face to face with foes. This period in the journey helps define the hero's relationship with other characters in the story. During this part of the journey, the hero learns who will help and who will hinder.
• Approach - Setbacks occur, sometimes causing the hero to try a new approach or adopt new ideas. This is a lesson in persistence for the hero. When they fail, they need to try again. Often, the stakes are rising, and real overall failure becomes less of an option.
• Ordeal - The hero experiences a major hurdle or obstacle, such as a life or death crisis. They must come face to face with their weaknesses and must overcome them. This will be something the hero barely manages to accomplish.
• Reward - After surviving death, the hero earns a reward or accomplishes their goal. This is a moment of great success in the story. The hero is a changed person now, though they may not fully realize the extent of the change in their continued focus on the matter at hand.
• The Road Back - The hero begins the journey back to ordinary life. In some ways, integrating back into their life will be a challenge. They are different now after the ordeal.
• Resurrection Hero - The hero faces a final test where everything is at stake, and they must use everything they have learned. This is where personal changes prove useful. The hero is now ideally suited to overcoming the obstacles in front of them.
• Return With Elixir - The hero brings their knowledge or the "elixir" back to the ordinary world, where they apply it to help all who remain there. 
This is the true reward for the journey and transformation.

Printable Hero's Journey Worksheet

Test your understanding of the 12 steps of the hero's journey with this guided worksheet.

Hero journey worksheet

Hero's journey examples in literature and movies.

This concept of the hero's journey is one that has gained much praise and consideration of worth in the literary community. This classic formula for an epic tale has been around for a long time, and it’s satisfying to readers and viewers today. You’ll recognize it in many of the most famous stories, including Ancient Greek mythology .

The Odyssey

In the Greek classic The Odyssey , the hero Odysseus must also go on a hero’s journey.

• Ordinary world - Odysseus is at home with his wife and son.
• Call to adventure - Odysseus is called to fight the Trojans.
• Refusal of the call - He doesn’t want to leave his family.
• Meeting with the mentor - The goddess Athena guides Odysseus.
• Crossing the first threshold - After the war, the gods are angry, and Odysseus’ ship is taken off course.
• Tests, allies, and enemies - Odysseus and his men must go through several tests, including fighting a sea monster and a cyclops.
• Approach - Odysseus’ crew opens the bag of winds when they are nearly home, sending them away again.
• Ordeal - Odysseus must go to the underworld.
• Reward - Odysseus receives passage home.
• The road back - Odysseus returns home to find his wife is being courted by many suitors.
• Resurrection of the hero - Odysseus is patient and dresses as a beggar to test his wife’s fidelity.
• Return with the elixir - He learns she has been faithful, and their union is restored.

The Old English poem Beowulf is a great example of the hero’s journey. You’ll recognize the following stages:

• Ordinary world - Greatland is Beowulf’s ordinary world.
• Call to adventure - Beowulf heard stories of Grendel, who had killed many men. He was asked to help.
• Refusal of the call - Beowulf chooses not to refuse the call.
• Meeting with the mentor - King Hrothgar becomes Beowulf’s mentor, helping him learn what it is to be a good king.
• Crossing the first threshold - Beowulf sails across the sea to Denmark.
• Tests, allies, and enemies - Beowulf battles Grendel.
• Approach - Beowulf learns that Grendel’s mother lives.
• Ordeal - Beowulf must fight the swamp hag.
• Reward - Beowulf receives treasures as a reward.
• The road back - Beowulf becomes the king.
• Resurrection of the hero - Beowulf fights a dragon to defend his kingdom.
• Return with the elixir - Beowulf dies a hero’s death and is remembered by his people.

Lilo and Stitch

Professionals, such as Christopher Vogler, even use the hero's journey in the creation of Disney classics. Here is a step-by-step outline of how the hero in the Disney movie Lilo and Stitch follows this journey:

• Ordinary world - Lilo's ordinary world is in Hawaii; Stitch is Experiment 626.
• Call to adventure - The call to adventure occurs when Lilo is sent away. The problem/challenge is a threat that Lilo will be taken from her sister Nani. Stitch then crashes onto Earth.
• Refusal of the call - There is no refusal of the call in this story.
• Meeting with the mentor - The meeting with the mentor occurs when Lilo adopts Stitch. They are each other's mentors.
• Crossing the first threshold - The crossing of the first threshold occurs when Stitch crashes on Earth.
• Tests, allies, and enemies - The characters endure many tests as Stitch learns to become a model citizen.
• Approach - The approach occurs because Stitch causes problems, and there are threats to take Lilo away from Cobra.
• Ordeal - The ordeal occurs when Stitch learns he has no family and is alone, and when Cobra takes Lilo who then runs away. Lilo also takes Stitch to go away after discovering he is an alien. Both characters are then captured, and it appears that Stitch is dead.
• Reward - The reward for Stitch is that he wants to be a family, and he must rescue Lilo.
• The road back - The road back occurs when Stitch rescues Lilo from the spaceship.
• Resurrection of the hero - The resurrection occurs when Stitch and Lilo get to become a family.
• Return with the elixir - The return with elixir occurs when everyone comes together, the aliens assist with the construction of a new house, and everyone becomes friends.

Recognizing the Hero’s Journey Examples

The hero's journey can be found in all genres of literature including mystery, science fiction, thriller, romance, and historical fiction. Learning to recognize this important literary element helps you gain a deeper understanding of the stories you read and experience.

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• ORDINARY WORLD
• CALL TO ADVENTURE
• MENTOR / HELPER
• Beowulf's ordinary world was Geatland.
• CROSSING THE THRESHOLD
• Beowulf heard stories of a monster known as Grendel, who was hunting the warriors of Heorot. Over twelve years, Grendel killed more than 30 of King Hrothgar’s men. The people needed a hero of epic proportions, so they called upon Beowulf.
• TESTS / ALLIES / ENEMIES
• (No Refusal) Beowulf could not refuse the plight of King Hrothgar, so he gathered his best men and set off for Denmark.
• King Hrothgar becomes Beowulf's mentor, though his influence is not seen at first. Beowulf uses the incident with Grendel as a guide when he becomes king. Through Hrothgar, Beowulf learns that a king who cannot fight is useless to his people. Another helper is Unferth who lends the sword, Hrunting, to Beowulf to help him defeat Grendel’s mother.
• Beowulf and his men cross the sea from Geatland to Denmark.
• Beowulf battles Grendel, and outsmarts the monster; he takes Grendel's arm as a trophy, mortally wounding him. Later, he also battles the swamp hag and the dragon. An important ally against the dragon is Wiglaf.
• Thinking he has ended the battle, the Geats throw a great feast in his honor. However, they learn there is a new foe: Grendel's mother. Beowulf’s work is not yet done.
• Beowulf must defeat the evil swamp hag to save the Danes. To defeat her, he swims into the her underwater lair and stabs her with a sword made for a giant.
• King Hrothgar gives Beowulf his finest horses and a massive treasure.
• Upon returning home, Beowulf ascends to the throne of his homeland where he rules wisely for over 50 years.
• When he first returns, he gives Hygelac gifts. Years later, his heroic deeds are again needed. When a would-be thief disturbs a dragon, it threatens his land. Knowing he has lived a full life and seeing his death before him, Beowulf charges into the action and defeats the dragon, but not before he is bitten in the neck and poisoned.
• According to legend, Beowulf's body and a massive treasure were burned on a funeral pyre overlooking the sea. He dies a hero’s death, and his stories are told over generations.

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Epic Singers and Oral Tradition

Citation:   Use the following persistent identifier: http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebook:CHS_LordA.Epic_Singers_and_Oral_Tradition.1991 .

7. Beowulf and Odysseus *

Beowulf and the Hero’s Journey

Joseph Campbell’s term monomyth can be described as a hero’s journey. Many heroic characters follow the monomyth, no matter the time period or culture the literature was created in. The poem Beowulf is known to follow the adventure of the hero described in Campbell’s monomyth. The hero’s journey consists of three rites of passages: separation, initiation, and return. Beowulf endures each of these stages throughout the epic poem, so his journey does follow Campbell’s monomyth. The separation is the first stage a hero must go through in his or her journey.

This stage consists of “a blunder -apparently the merest chance- reveals an unsuspected world, and the individual is drawn into a relationship with forces that are not rightly understood. ” (42) This is known as the hero’s call to adventure. In Beowulf, Beowulf “heard how Grendel filled nights with horror and quickly commanded a boat fitted out. ” (197-98) Beowulf couldn’t stay away when he heard that help was greatly needed defeating Grendel; he accumulated his men right away and shipped off to Denmark. The next step is the refusal to call.

Beowulf does not refuse to go on this adventure because of his honor. He believes he is the strongest Geat and can defeat anything. Following this step is supernatural aid. Supernatural aid “provides the adventurer with amulets against the dragon forces he is about to pass. ” (Campbell 57) In Beowulf the help can be considered God. Beowulf often thanks God for helping him on his journey. For instance, “He relied on for help on the Lord of All, on His care and favour. ” (1271-72) The final stage in separation is the crossing of the threshold.

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In this case the threshold can be considered the ocean. Beowulf and his crew had to cross the ocean in order to come to Denmark to kill Grendel. When they arrive in Denmark they are basically starting their adventure right then, vowing to try and protect. The second rite of passage in the monomyth is initiation. “ The hero moves in a dream landscape or curiously fluid, ambiguous forms, where he must survive a succession of trials. ” (Campbell 81) This is known as the road of trials. Beowulf is tested when Grendel’s mother retaliates to her son’s death.

She lashes out and kills Hrothgar’s best man. Then, Beowulf goes down into her cave where he duels her. He nearly loses his life when both his sword and armor fail him. “No sword could slice her evil skin, that Hrunting could not hurt her, was useless now when he needed it. ” (1521-24) He took a magical sword that was hanging on her wall and killed her with it. Beowulf’s helpers in this stage would be the sword and God. Without the sword he would not have been to kill Grendel’s mother. Beowulf relies on God’s help and often gives Him thanks after a battle is over.

The next stage in his journey is the climax or final battle. After defeating Grendel’s mother, Beowulf returns to his hometown where he reigns as king for fifty years. He is a good king, keeping peace in his country. After fifty years of peace, a fire-breathing dragon is awoken, so he must go protect his people. Beowulf and his warriors venture out to the dragon’s lair. He goes in alone, confident that he can defeat the beast. He is sadly mistaken; Beowulf’s armor starts to melt and his sword breaks against the dragon‘s scaly back.

He was left there to die when all of his fellow warriors ran away cowardly into the woods. Only one brave soldier remained: Wiglaf. The final stage in initiation is the hero’s flight. This story’s flight is Wiglaf saving Beowulf. Wiglaf runs into the dragon’s home with honor saying, “I’d rather burn myself than see flames swirling around my lord. ” (2651-52) Wiglaf defeated the monster, but couldn’t save Beowulf. One of the dragon’s tusks have been stabbed into his neck, making it impossible to save him.

As death surrounded Beowulf, he made Wiglaf the new ruler of the Geats. This was the final stage in the initiation of Beowulf’s journey The final rite of passage is the return. The return is the end of the hero’s adventure. Campells states, “his return is described as coming back out of the yonder zone. ” (188) When Beowulf dies, peace is lost in his country. His country ultimately returns to fighting and war. The end is really the beginning for a new ruler, Wiglaf, and a new time period of fighting.

The final part of the hero’s journey is the elixir. An elixir is something the hero obtained during his journey that can be shared with society. It often defines the hero’s role in the society. Beowulf’s elixir could be considered his story. Beowulf brought insight to his people and to the Danes that one can defeat demons and receive redemption. He showed them this when he defeated both Grendel and his mother and battled the dragon. Additionally, Beowulf’s blessing of peace could be considered the elixir. While he was in rule, his land was safe.

He kept peace for his people. Beowulf acquired this peace by defeating Grendel and proving that he was strong. The final rite of passage in the hero’s journey is basically just returning back to the beginning, or where the hero was at before his adventure started.

Beowulf is a great example of Campbell’s monomyth. “The standard path of the mythological adventure of the hero is a magnification of the formula represented in the rites of passage: separation - initiation - return: which might be named the nuclear unit of the monomyth. (Campbell 23) Beowulf’s journey follows each of these passages.

First, is the separation. Beowulf begins his journey here and defeats Grendel. Next, is the initiation. Beowulf defeats Grendel’s mother, becomes king of the Geats, and battles the dragon in this stage. Finally, is the return. After he dies, peace is lost. The land he once ruled returns to a land of war and fighting. Although Beowulf does not exactly follow the hero’s journey, he does follow the main points Campbell makes in his monomyth. In conclusion, Beowulf follows the monomyth on his adventure.

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Unraveling the Epic Tale of Beowulf

George J. Kelley

November 17, 2023

In the timeless epic of Beowulf, we are transported to a world of heroic warriors, terrifying monsters, and noble quests. This enthralling tale of adventure and bravery follows the legendary hero, Beowulf, as he embarks on a perilous journey to rid the kingdom of Denmark from the monstrous grip of Grendel and his vengeful mother. With its rich tapestry of action, mythos, and the battle between good and evil, the story of Beowulf captures the imagination and reminds us of the timeless power of heroism. Join us as we delve into the captivating story of Beowulf: A Hero’s Journey, step-by-step, unraveling the intricacies of this ancient tale.

Grendel’s Mother

Beowulf’s arrival in denmark, grendel’s attacks, beowulf’s boast, the battle with grendel, the battle with grendel’s mother, beowulf’s death, beowulf’s legacy, beowulf’s burial, 1. who is beowulf, 2. what is the story of beowulf about, 3. who is grendel, 4. what is the significance of grendel’s attacks, 5. who is grendel’s mother, 6. what is the “abyss” in the story, 7. how does beowulf’s journey end, 8. what is beowulf’s legacy, 9. how does the story of beowulf reflect anglo-saxon culture, 10. what makes beowulf a classic hero’s journey, 1. who is the main protagonist of beowulf: a hero’s journey, 2. what is the significance of beowulf’s arrival in denmark, 3. what are the characteristics that make beowulf a hero, 4. who is grendel, and why does he attack the people of denmark, 5. what happens during the battle between beowulf and grendel, 6. what challenges does beowulf face in the abyss, 7. how does beowulf meet his demise, 9. how is beowulf honored after his death, 10. what lessons can we learn from beowulf’s hero’s journey, the main characters.

Beowulf is the legendary hero whose name is synonymous with courage and valor. As the protagonist of the story, Beowulf embodies the ideals of a true warrior. He possesses exceptional strength and fearlessness, making him a formidable adversary to any foe he faces. Beowulf’s unwavering determination and unwavering resolve drive him to protect the kingdom of Denmark from the monstrous threats that plague its citizens. His unwavering loyalty and commitment to his people are not only admirable but also serve as a source of inspiration. Throughout his journey, Beowulf demonstrates his bravery time and time again, facing deadly battles and overcoming seemingly impossible odds. He is a symbol of heroism and serves as a reminder of the triumph of good over evil. Beowulf’s legendary exploits have echoed through the ages, cementing him as a timeless hero in literature and myth.

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Grendel, the malevolent antagonist in the epic tale of Beowulf, is a monstrous creature who instills fear and terror into the hearts of the people of Denmark. As the descendant of Cain, Grendel embodies pure evil and darkness. Described as a “shadow-stalker” and a “dweller in the moors,” Grendel is a creature of the night, lurking in the darkness, preying upon innocent victims. His physical appearance is grotesque, with long claws and a hideous, malformed body. Grendel’s relentless attacks on the kingdom of Denmark leave the once prosperous land in ruins and its people living in constant fear. He is driven by a deep-seated hatred for the joy and merriment found in Heorot, the grand hall of the Danish warriors. Grendel’s insatiable hunger for destruction propels him to relentlessly slaughter the warriors of the kingdom, leaving a trail of bloodshed and despair in his wake. His brutal acts of violence are motivated by his envy of human happiness and his desire to subvert it. Grendel’s presence embodies the primal forces of chaos and darkness, challenging Beowulf to confront the depths of his own courage and honor in order to overcome this monstrous foe.

Grendel’s Mother, a fearsome and vengeful creature, is a pivotal character in the epic story of Beowulf. She is portrayed as a monstrous being, dwelling in an underwater lair, seeking revenge for the death of her son at the hands of Beowulf. Grendel’s Mother is described as a powerful and cunning opponent, capable of great physical strength and dark magic. In the midst of her grief and anger, she emerges from the depths of the murky waters to terrorize the kingdom of Denmark. The battle between Beowulf and Grendel’s Mother is a climactic moment in the hero’s journey, as Beowulf confronts this formidable foe in her watery domain. The encounter tests Beowulf’s courage and strategic prowess as he dives into the treacherous waters to face the wrath of this monstrous creature. The battle is intense and fierce, with both adversaries unleashing their full strength and cunning. Ultimately, Beowulf triumphs over Grendel’s Mother, slaying her with a powerful sword that he discovers in her lair. This victory solidifies Beowulf’s position as a legendary hero and marks a turning point in his journey of self-discovery and redemption. The defeat of Grendel’s Mother paves the way for Beowulf’s subsequent reign and establishes his legacy as a hero of unmatched valor. (For more information on mythical creatures like Grendel’s Mother, check out this article about Ophiuchus and Taurus compatibility .)

The Call to Adventure

Beowulf’s Arrival in Denmark marks the beginning of his heroic journey. Upon hearing of the troubles plaguing the kingdom, Beowulf sets sail with a band of loyal warriors to assist their Danish allies. They arrive on the shores of Denmark, their longships cutting through the turbulent waters, as Beowulf’s strong presence commands attention. The Danish king, Hrothgar, welcomes Beowulf with open arms, grateful for his arrival and hopeful for the salvation he may bring. The bustling halls of Heorot, the magnificent mead hall, become the setting for Beowulf’s first encounter with the menacing Grendel. The scene is set, tension fills the air, and the stage is ready for the clash between the hero and the monster that will test Beowulf’s strength and prowess. The atmosphere is rife with anticipation as Beowulf prepares to face the daunting challenges that lie ahead, fully embodying the role of the valiant hero in his quest to protect the kingdom and defeat the forces of darkness.

Grendel’s Attacks are a pivotal moment in the story of Beowulf, as they mark the catalyst for the hero’s journey. Grendel, an enormous and ferocious monster, haunts the mead hall of King Hrothgar in the kingdom of Denmark. Night after night, he mercilessly attacks the brave warriors who gather there, leaving a trail of death and destruction in his wake. Grendel’s attacks are characterized by their savage brutality, as he tears apart his victims with his bare hands, instilling fear and despair in the hearts of the people. His relentless onslaught creates a sense of helplessness and hopelessness among the Danes, as they struggle to find a way to defeat this formidable foe. The terror and devastation caused by Grendel’s attacks set the stage for Beowulf’s arrival and his subsequent quest to rid the land of this monstrous menace.

The Hero’s Journey Begins

Beowulf’s Boast is a pivotal moment in the hero’s journey, showcasing his strength, bravery, and self-assurance. As Beowulf arrives in the land of the Danes, he boldly declares his intentions to King Hrothgar. In his boastful speech, Beowulf recounts his previous feats of valor and makes grand claims of his ability to defeat Grendel. He proudly proclaims, “My lord Higlac might think less of me if I let my sword / go where my feet were afraid to, if I hid / behind some broad linden shield: my hands / alone shall fight for me, struggle for life / against the monster” (lines 681-685). With these words, Beowulf showcases his unwavering confidence and refusal to back down from any challenge. His declaration not only impresses King Hrothgar and the people of Denmark, but it also sets the stage for the epic battle that will soon ensue. This moment in the story highlights Beowulf’s larger-than-life personality and his belief in his own prowess as a hero, making it a significant step in his journey.

The Battle with Grendel In the climactic encounter known as the Battle with Grendel, Beowulf faces off against the fearsome monster who has been wreaking havoc on the kingdom of Denmark. With his superhuman strength and unwavering determination, Beowulf proves himself to be a formidable opponent to Grendel. As the night falls and the mead-hall becomes shrouded in darkness, Beowulf waits, his heart pounding with anticipation. Grendel, driven by his insatiable hunger for destruction, bursts into the hall, his grotesque form illuminated by the flickering torchlight. A fierce and intense struggle erupts between the two adversaries as they exchange powerful blows. Beowulf’s prowess and valor are on full display as he grapples with Grendel, finally dislocating the monster’s arm . The battle unleashes a cacophony of screams and roars, echoing through the hall, as the forces of good and evil collide with a titanic force. In a final act of desperation, Grendel attempts to escape, but his fate has been sealed. Beowulf, with an unyielding grip, tears off Grendel’s arm, sending the wretched creature fleeing into the darkness, defeated and on the brink of death. The mead-hall, once a place plagued by fear, is now filled with triumphant cheers and cries of victory. This epic clash is a pivotal moment in Beowulf’s journey, solidifying his reputation as a legendary hero and setting the stage for the battles yet to come.

The Battle with Grendel’s Mother is a pivotal moment in Beowulf’s heroic journey. After successfully slaying Grendel, Beowulf faces yet another formidable opponent – Grendel’s Mother. Determined to avenge her son’s death, she is a creature of immense strength and ferocity. The battle takes place in the treacherous depths of her lair, a dark and forbidding underwater cavern. Beowulf, armed with a mighty sword, plunges into the depths to confront this fearsome foe. The fight is intense, with both combatants unleashing their full might. Grendel’s Mother proves to be a formidable adversary, nearly overpowering Beowulf at times. However, true to his heroic nature, Beowulf perseveres. In a moment of desperation, he spots an enchanted sword, a weapon designed to slay supernatural beings. With a swift strike, he deals a fatal blow to the monster, ultimately vanquishing her. The Battle with Grendel’s Mother showcases Beowulf’s unwavering determination and showcases his ability to overcome seemingly insurmountable odds. This triumph further solidifies his status as a legendary hero, leaving a lasting impact on the tale of Beowulf.

Beowulf’s Death marks a pivotal moment in the epic saga, as the aging hero faces his final battle against a formidable adversary. In his twilight years, Beowulf encounters a fierce fire-breathing dragon that threatens his kingdom. Despite his advanced age, Beowulf valiantly faces the dragon, displaying unwavering courage and determination. The battle is intense and fraught with danger, as the dragon’s fiery breath and razor-sharp claws pose a grave threat to Beowulf’s life. In a dramatic turn of events, Beowulf’s trusted comrade, Wiglaf, proves his loyalty and valor by coming to Beowulf’s aid, reinforcing the theme of honor and loyalty throughout the epic. Together, they engage in a fierce struggle, but Beowulf is mortally wounded in the process. As Beowulf nears his end, he reflects on his life and valiant deeds, ensuring that his legacy lives on. Wiglaf, witnessing the hero’s imminent demise, mourns his leader’s passing. The death of Beowulf marks the end of an era, as the kingdom mourns the loss of its beloved hero and prepares for a new chapter in its history. Through his demise, Beowulf’s noble sacrifice and unwavering dedication to his people serve as a testament to the timeless qualities of heroism and selflessness.

The Transformation and Atonement

Beowulf’s Legacy is a testament to the enduring impact of his heroic deeds and the values he embodied. After successfully defeating Grendel and his vengeful mother, Beowulf’s fame and reputation spread far and wide. He returned to his homeland, Geatland, where he ruled as a wise and just king for many years. During his reign, Beowulf’s courageous exploits became legendary, inspiring future generations of warriors and leaders. His unwavering commitment to honor, loyalty, and bravery served as a model for others to follow. Beowulf’s legacy also extended beyond the realm of warfare, as he was known for his generosity and benevolence towards his subjects. He rewarded his loyal warriors with lavish gifts, ensuring their loyalty and devotion. These acts of kindness and fairness solidified Beowulf’s place in history as not only a hero but a compassionate leader. Even in death, Beowulf’s legacy lived on, as he was mourned by his people and his noble deeds continued to be recounted in tales and songs, inspiring future generations to strive for greatness.

Rebirth and the Return

Beowulf’s Burial marks the poignant conclusion of this epic tale, as the fallen hero is laid to rest in a grand ceremony befitting his legendary status. After Beowulf’s valiant battle against the dragon, he succumbs to his injuries, leaving behind a legacy of bravery and heroism. His loyal followers mourn his passing, and preparations are made for his burial. A magnificent pyre is constructed, adorned with treasures from far-flung lands and symbols of his victories. The pyre is set ablaze, flames reaching towards the heavens as a testament to Beowulf’s indomitable spirit. As the fire crackles and consumes the wood, Beowulf’s loyal warriors bid their final farewell to their fallen leader. They honor him with solemn words, recounting his heroic deeds and the lasting impact he has made on their lives. The ashes of Beowulf, the mighty hero, are then collected and placed in a grand tomb, a solemn reminder of his sacrifice and the endurance of his legend. In the end, Beowulf’s burial becomes a symbol of his immortality, as his memory lives on in the hearts of those who witnessed his heroic journey.

Frequently Asked Questions

Beowulf is the legendary hero and protagonist of the ancient Anglo-Saxon epic poem, “Beowulf.” He is renowned for his exceptional strength, bravery, and his unwavering dedication to protecting the innocent.

The story of Beowulf follows the hero’s quest to rid the kingdom of Denmark from the monstrous grip of Grendel and his mother. It explores themes of heroism, honor, and the eternal battle between good and evil.

Grendel is a fearsome monster who terrorizes the people of Denmark. He is depicted as a relentless and bloodthirsty creature, driven by his hatred for humanity and compelled to unleash havoc and destruction.

Grendel’s attacks symbolize the never-ending struggle between chaos and order, darkness and light. They serve as a call to action for Beowulf, prompting him to embark on his heroic journey and confront the forces of evil.

Grendel’s Mother is a formidable and vengeful creature who seeks revenge for the death of her son. She dwells in an underwater lair and possesses her own supernatural powers, making her a formidable opponent for Beowulf.

The “Abyss” refers to the pivotal moment in Beowulf’s journey when he faces the ultimate challenge: battling Grendel’s Mother. This symbolic descent into the depths represents a test of Beowulf’s strength, courage, and resolve.

Beowulf’s journey concludes with his ultimate sacrifice, as he faces a fearsome dragon in his old age, defending his kingdom one last time. Though he perishes in the battle, his legacy endures, leaving behind a legacy of heroism and honor.

Beowulf’s legacy is one of heroism and inspiration. His heroic deeds and selflessness serve as a reminder of the enduring power of courage and honor, influencing generations to come.

The story of Beowulf reflects the values and ideals of Anglo-Saxon culture, such as loyalty to one’s king, the importance of kinship, and the belief in fate and destiny. It provides insights into the society, customs, and beliefs of the time.

Beowulf embodies the archetype of the classic hero’s journey, as he receives a call to action, faces and overcomes various trials and foes, experiences transformation and atonement, and ultimately leaves behind a significant impact on his world.

• Beowulf- Hero’s Journey by Ashley Deaner

The main protagonist of the story is Beowulf, a legendary Geatish warrior.

Beowulf’s arrival in Denmark marks the beginning of his heroic journey and the start of his quest to rid the land of the monstrous Grendel.

Beowulf possesses extraordinary strength, courage, and noble ideals. He is also known for his loyalty, bravery, and determination in the face of danger.

Grendel is a fearsome monster, descendant of Cain, and he attacks the people of Denmark out of envy and resentment towards their happiness and prosperity.

During the battle, Beowulf manages to overpower Grendel, tearing off his arm and ultimately causing his death. This victory brings relief and joy to the people of Denmark.

In the Abyss, Beowulf faces the daunting challenge of battling Grendel’s vengeful mother, who seeks retribution for the death of her son. This battle tests Beowulf’s strength and courage to their limits.

Beowulf meets his demise while fighting a fierce dragon in his old age. Despite his valiant efforts, he is fatally wounded during the battle.

Beowulf’s legacy lies in his heroic deeds and his unwavering commitment to protect others. He is remembered as a great warrior and leader who selflessly fought for the greater good.

After his death, Beowulf is given a grand and honorable burial. His people celebrate his life and mourn his passing, recognizing his immense contributions and sacrifices.

Beowulf’s hero’s journey teaches us the importance of courage, honor, and selflessness. It emphasizes the value of standing up against evil and protecting others, even in the face of great challenges and adversity.

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"Star Trek: Discovery" makes a case for Michael Burnham as the last great Starfleet captain

Our "discovery" protagonist was never going to have it easy. the start of her last run solidifies her greatness, by melanie mcfarland.

Michael Burnham's " Star Trek " journey was destined to be among the franchise's toughest and most complex. Some of us knew this from the moment Sonequa Martin-Green was cast to play her, especially Black women who are sci-fi geeks. We have never been few, but until recently, we were far less visible than we are now.

To some, this visibility symbolizes everything that has supposedly gone wrong with this franchise and others. The reach of " Star Trek: Discovery " goes even further by assembling a truly inclusive cast that blew apart the original series' longstanding heteronormativity.

All this further angered culture war trolls and self-appointed arbiters of what is so-called "real" "Star Trek." These people have a vested interest in downvoting any such divergences from what has gone before.

Mainly it was — as it continues to be — the purists who wrote off "Discovery" as "not Trek" during  its first season in 2017 . Looking back from its final season — and from the perspective of Burnham's 900-year journey — we can say that despite how its thematic shading looked to us then , "Discovery" never abandoned Gene Roddenberry's optimism . It has simply evolved its interpretation.

In the first season, not even Burnham would believe this to hold true. A human raised on Vulcan by Spock's  father, Sarek, and as his sister, Burnham earns her first officer role through superior conduct and logic, divorcing herself from sentiment.

Burnham's smug sense of rectitude gets her superior officer killed. She is charged with mutiny, stripped of her rank and sentenced to life in prison.

From there, she stops a rogue galactic A.I. from annihilating the Federation and leaps nine centuries into the future (thereby largely freeing herself and the show from restrictive canon) to find a universe where Starfleet as it used to be is a dream, and the Federation and its ideals are broken.

"Discovery's" swansong season finds Burnham in the year 3191, with enough of the Federation's trust to take on a highly classified mission alongside Captain Rayner (Callum Keith Rennie), who has already earned the same commendations as Kirk and Picard. His reputation precedes him, in other words. Their quest relates to a Picard-era discovery that Starfleet fears can be used to eradicate all humanoid life in the universe.

"Discovery" never abandoned Gene Roddenberry's optimism. It has simply evolved its interpretation. 

Their success should place her on par with the greats, an honor that showrunner Michelle Paradise and the show's co-creator Alex Kurtzman have been driving toward all this time.

Some indicators of that goal aren't as obvious as others, like the sequence in which Rayner defies Burnham during an away mission, trusting in his overconfidence instead of her strategic acumen. His snap judgment endangers a planet's civilian population, leaving her to fix the crisis he has created.

Women watching this — especially Black women, I would wager — might have experienced a slight rage triggering in their soul that was mollified by Burnham pulling the very Obama-esque move of asking Rayner to replace her trusted friend Saru (Doug Jones) as her first officer. (The job was coming open, anyway; Saru is shifting into diplomacy mode and getting married.)

This is the move of a great leader. Then again, like Kate Mulgrew's long underappreciated Captain Janeway, it may not be appreciated by the fandom for many, many years.

Burnham's arc contradicts what we know about the great Starfleet captains profiled in this franchise, most of whom are white and male.

Burnham's arc contradicts what we know about the great Starfleet captains profiled in this franchise, most of whom are white and male, though if that were the extent of what differentiates her from the rest, it would barely be worth mentioning.

Records of their histories come to us as snippets of dialogue from secondary characters or contextualizing conversations from what the official logs have to say about past missions. We hear about who served under whom, granting legitimacy to the likes of, say, Christopher Pike to claim the captain's chair long before Anson Mount made us ecstatic to see that happen.

Burnham's path to the helm's command begins with what should be a life- and career-ending mistake. It's constantly defined by humility and doubt. No one is harder on Burnham than she is on herself — and nobody takes as many risks with their career or reputation to keep their crew alive. Her optimism is one guided by the hope that all obstacles can be overcome and all outcomes are possible, including for herself.

Despite all of this, it will take a lot of convincing for some people to consider Burnham among the top ranks of Starfleet captains in those occasional fan polls that tend to place Jean-Luc Picard or James T. Kirk in the top positions, though Captain Pike has offered stiff competition since "Strange New Worlds" first aired.

But our relatively newfound love of Pike and that show wouldn't be possible without "Discovery" venturing into the unmapped asteroid field that is the public's willingness to boldly go back to a dormant franchise in a wildly disunified era.

This doesn't merely refer to the role of "Discovery" introducing Mount's Pike, in addition to launching every other new "Trek" spinoff along with the streaming service currently known as Paramount+ . It did all this along with shouldering the more precarious mission of serving as the franchise's vanguard in a cynical age.

If you love "Lower Decks" and "Strange New Worlds," this is in part due to the producers' listening to the fandom's programming desires accordingly. Notice, for example, how unlike the first season of "Picard"  is from the third . Initially, "Picard" tried to do something different with the beloved character. It ended his adventures by reassembling the band for the spectacular last ride their films denied them. The new "Star Trek" series have a goal of delivering something for everyone, including kids. "Discovery" helped its custodians figure that out.

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And if you love "Discovery," its devotion to showcasing those who long felt unseen in this franchise may kindle that affection. "Discovery" gave us an Asian woman as a Starship captain in Michelle Yeoh's Philippa Georgiou and a happily married duo to root for in Wilson Cruz's Dr. Hugh Culber in Anthony Rapp's Paul Stamets.

It introduced Tig Notaro in its second season as Jett Reno, a decision for which everyone should be grateful. The third gave us the franchise's first transgender and non-binary characters in Ian Alexander's Trill Gray and Blu del Barrio's Adira Tal.

Through it all, we have also entirely fallen for Mary Wiseman's Sylvia Tilly, a woman who also knew a few things about self-doubt and, therefore, values being understood.

What some would cite as humanizing traits, others might write off as maudlin, along with the fact that Burnham was able to experience a fully realized love affair that began with a partnership of equals with a courier named Booker (David Ajala).

Want a daily wrap-up of all the news and commentary Salon has to offer? Subscribe to our morning newsletter , Crash Course.

It's only one of the many ways that "Discovery" is consciously disparate from "Star Trek" as we have long known it, daring to change everything from the look of the Klingons to its star character's role in igniting a war between them and the United Federation of Planets.

That was then. Hundreds of years after that moment, Captain Burnham has figured herself out, proving to the many who doubted her that she deserves to be there.

She has traveled the longest road through imposter syndrome of any Starfleet captain — most of a millennium, actually — and we have witnessed every major moment that forged her. Burnham may never win the major "Star Trek" popularity contests for favorite captains, but without a doubt, she's the last great one we may ride with in this universe.

New episodes of "Star Trek: Discovery" stream Thursdays on Paramount +.

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Melanie McFarland is Salon's award-winning senior culture critic. Follow her on Twitter: @McTelevision

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CIFF48 closes on Saturday with Chris Smith's documentary "Devo," playing in the Connor Palace at 7:30 p.m. on Saturday, April 13. (Photo credit: Janet Macoska) Janet Macoska

• Malcolm X Abram, cleveland.com

CLEVELAND, Ohio - The 48th International Cleveland Film Festival wraps up on Saturday and the whole shebang is bookended, more or less, by two films about famous music bands from Akron.

“This is A Film About The Black Keys” screened April 5, a prime spot on the first Friday night of the festival. At 7:30 p.m. on Saturday, April 13, another new documentary about an Akron band, surprisingly titled, simply “Devo” will close the festival.

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