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How to get a REAL ID and use it for travel

The REAL ID Act is a law that sets higher security standards for state-issued driver's licenses and identification cards (IDs).

Why upgrade your license to a REAL ID?

Beginning May 7, 2025, if you have not upgraded your driver’s license or state-issued ID to be REAL ID-compliant, you will not be able to use it to:

  • Board federally regulated commercial aircraft
  • Access federal government facilities or military installations
  • Enter nuclear power plants

Visit the REAL ID website for more details and frequently asked questions .

Check to see if your license or state ID is already REAL ID-compliant

If your driver's license or state ID has a star in the upper right-hand corner, it is already REAL-ID-compliant. There is nothing more you need to do.

How to get a REAL ID

When you apply for or renew your driver’s license or state identification card, you can choose to make it REAL ID-compliant. Find and visit your state's driver's licensing agency website to see what documentation you will need. Your new card will have the REAL ID star marking at the top right.

Using REAL ID and other ID options to board a plane

If you do not upgrade your license or state ID, you can use a passport or one of these other acceptable forms of identification to fly . 

Can you still get a non-REAL ID-compliant license or state ID?

You will still be able to get a driver's license or state ID card that is not REAL ID-compliant. But you will not be able to use it for air travel or to get into federal facilities or military installations. Find and visit your state's driver's licensing agency website to see how to get a non-REAL ID-compliant license or state ID.

LAST UPDATED: December 18, 2023

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The Real ID deadline isn't until 2023. Here's what Oregonians need to know

real id travel oregon

If you  somehow missed the latest deadline delay in the deluge of information about the pandemic and don't have a travel-compliant form of identification yet, you have until May 2023 to get a Real ID.

This week was supposed to mark the hard date when the Transportation Security Administration would require a Real ID to board a plane. But last April, the Department of Homeland Security delayed the implementation again due to the pandemic. 

In response to the attacks of Sept. 11, Congress passed a bill in 2005 to standardize the issuance of identification nationwide. Over the years, the full implementation of the law has been delayed several times for various reasons. 

You now have until May 3, 2023, to make sure you have a Real ID-compliant form of identification to board an aircraft or enter a secure federal building, such as a military base or nuclear facility, in the United States.

What is the difference between a Real ID and a regular license?

How do you know if your driver's license is a Real ID? Look in the top right corner of it. If you see a star, your license is Real ID-compliant. If you don't have that star, you'll need to upgrade your license or carry another travel-compliant identification such as a passport when you travel. 

How do I get a Real ID?

Oregon requires drivers to visit a DMV office in person to get a real ID. It cannot be done online. Local DMV offices are still taking appointments, but walk-ins are also welcome. 

 You can make an appointment and find more information about getting your travel-compliant ID at  oregon.gov/odot/DMV/Pages/Real_ID.aspx .

What do I need for Real ID in Oregon?

You will need to present four things to obtain a Real ID. These include:

1. Proof of identity

Bring ONE of the following:

  • Certified birth certificate.
  • U.S. passport or passport card.
  • Certificate of citizenship.
  • Certificate of naturalization.
  • Consular report of birth abroad.
  • Permanent resident card.
  • Employment authorization card.
  • Foreign passport with unexpired visa and valid I-94 issued by DHS.

2. Your Social Security number

You no longer need to provide a document to prove your Social Security number. You just have to provide the complete number. 

3. Proof of Oregon residency

Bring TWO of these showing your current address:

  • Oregon license, permit or ID card.
  • Oregon vehicle title or registration card.
  • Utility bill. 
  • Credit card statement.
  • Bank statement.
  • Insurance policy.
  • Rental agreement.
  • Paystub, W-2 or 1099 tax form.

If you've changed names, you also need additional information to prove your identification like your marriage license, divorce decree or court order. You can check out what additional documents you need in that circumstance at  oregon.gov/odot/DMV/Pages/Real_ID.aspx .

Overdue for a trip to the DMV?  More services available online, in-person

Do kids need a Real ID?

The Transportation Security Administration does not require IDs for children younger than 18 if they are traveling with an adult within the United States. However, the agency recommends checking with your airline for its specific requirements. 

How much does a Real ID cost?

An Oregon travel ID costs $30, in addition to the standard fees for a license application or renewal.

What other forms of ID count as a Real ID?

According to the TSA website, all of these are Real ID travel-compliant:  

  • U.S. passport. 
  • U.S. passport card.
  • DHS trusted traveler card (Global Entry, Nexus, Sentri, FAST).
  • U.S. Department of Defense ID, including IDs issued to dependents.
  • Border crossing card.
  • State-issued enhanced driver's license.
  • Federally recognized, tribal-issued photo ID.
  • HSPD-12 PIV card.
  • Foreign government-issued passport.
  • Canadian provincial driver's license or Indian and Northern Affairs Canada card.
  • Transportation worker identification credential.
  • U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services employment authorization card (I-766).
  • U.S. Merchant Mariner credential.
  • Veteran Health Identification Card.
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My Oregon News

Five Things Every Oregonian Should Know About The Real ID Act

SALEM — Beginning October 1 2020, travelers who are flying will need federally acceptable identification to do so — such as a passport, military ID, driver license or ID card that complies with the Real ID Act.

Your standard Oregon driver’s license or ID card is not compliant with the Real ID Act. Do you need a different driver license or ID card? Here’s what you need to know about the Real ID Act in Oregon.

  • You may, or may not, need to change your Oregon driver license or ID card; view this short video to learn the most important things you should know about this upcoming program.
  • If you have a valid passport, you’re good to go. You can use that to fly – now and in the future! If you don’t have one, or it’s out of date, consider getting one or updating it now so you’re ready to fly beginning in October, 2020.
  • Even though your standard Oregon Driver license or ID card is not compliant with the Real ID Act, you can still use it to board planes before October 1, 2020.
  • Real ID is optional in Oregon. Find out if you want one when your license expires at Oregon.gov/realid.
  • Oregon’s Department of Transportation has a simple tool that can help you decide if you need a different driver license or ID card come Oct. 1, 2020.

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Oregon Department of Transportation

Only one year left to get ID required for air travel

Newsrooms: New B-roll of Real ID issuace at a DMV office is available for download by request to  [email protected]

May 3, 2022

The Real ID deadline is only one year away!

Starting May 3, 2023, you will need more than a standard Oregon driver license or ID card at airport security checkpoints to board a flight within the U.S. You will need a Real ID-compliant driver license or ID card, or a passport or other federally acceptable ID.

The Transportation Security Administration has a full list of identity documents it will accept for air travel at TSA.gov ).

If there is even a tiny chance you will need to travel by air in the future, don’t wait until 2023 to make sure your ID is ready to fly. What if you get a sudden wedding invitation? Or the sad news of a funeral?

“A year may sound like a long time, but it isn’t when it comes to issuing secure identification such as driver licenses, ID cards and passports,” DMV Administrator Amy Joyce said. “It can take weeks to gather the documents you need to qualify for a type of ID that the TSA will accept at airports.”

DMV offices in Oregon and across the country are busy, and the U.S. Department of State has a backlog for passport applications and renewals. As the Real ID deadline approaches, DMVs and the State Department will get busier. So beat the rush – get the Oregon Real ID option or a passport now.

Is your license or ID card expiring in the next 12 months?

You can renew your Oregon license or ID card up to 12 months before your expiration date. If you need to renew in the next 12 months anyway, why not do it early and add the Real ID option? That would save you a second trip to DMV or the wait for a passport.

Real ID is optional in Oregon because you may already have a passport, passport card, military ID or other credential for air travel. But if you want the Real ID option on your Oregon driver license or ID card, don’t wait until you book a flight.

How do I get the Real ID option in Oregon?

  • Make sure you have the documents you need to qualify for Real ID. Create your own checklist at Oregon.gov/Realid .
  • You must apply for Real ID in person. You can visit a DMV office or make an appointment at DMV2U.Oregon.gov .
  • Bring the documents on your checklist and your current license or ID card, and pay the $30 Real ID fee in addition to the regular issuance, renewal or replacement fee.
  • Then the process is the same as a standard Oregon card: signature, get your photo taken and receive a paper interim card until your Real ID plastic card arrives in the mail in 5-10 business days. You cannot use the interim card for air travel.

“You may already have the ID you need for air travel,” Joyce said. “But if you don’t, please act now – get or renew your passport, or add the Real ID option to your Oregon license or ID card. Oregon DMV offices are already very busy, but they will get busier in 2023 because of Real ID.”

News media contact:

David House, DMV Public Affairs, 503-945-5270 or [email protected]

Learn how we’re evolving to build a modern transportation system based on sufficient funding and equity. www.oregon.gov/odot/Pages/SAP

Oregon Department of Transportation

355 Capitol Street NE, MS 11

Salem, OR , 97301-3871 USA

Oregon Real ID: What you'll need to fly domestically come October 1st

by Stuart Tomlinson KATU Staff

Oregon DMV officials are urging anyone looking to travel by air later this year to apply for an Oregon Real ID. (KATU)

PORTLAND, Ore. — It's back.

Oregon DMV officials are urging anyone looking to travel by air later this year to apply for an Oregon Real ID .

The federally mandated travel document requirement was supposed to go into effect last October, but was delayed a year due to the pandemic.

We've got the details on how to get yours, as well as other options that will allow you to get on a plane this fall without hassle.

-----------------------------------------------------

A year ago, Oregon DMV officials were scrambling to get a new computer system up to handle the influx of applicants for the Oregon Real ID.

Then the pandemic hit, and the October 2020 deadline was extended to Oct. 1, 2021.

“We did successfully implement our new computer system in July of 2020,” said DMV spokesman, David House. “And that new computer included the Real ID option in Oregon.”

House said a regular driver's license will not get you on a plane through an airport TSA checkpoint after the fall deadline.

But there are other options.

A regular passport book or passport card will work just as well as the Oregon Real ID.

House recommends anyone who needs to have their regular driver’s license renewed before Oct. 1, apply for the Real ID instead.

“Go to Oregon. gov/real ID and find out what you’ll need to bring and then set an appointment at DMV,” he said. “And when you renew, make it a Real ID and use that to fly domestically.”

If your driver’s license is still good for another three or four years, House said look at the passport book and/or the passport card option to fulfill the Real ID requirement.

Be aware that a passport card is only good for domestic flights, not international travel.

House himself used that latter option because his license is good for another six years.

“I felt, well, I’d be better off renewing my passport and then also getting the passport card option with that,” he said. “And I carry that in my wallet -- that’s really handy because it’s good for domestic flights and crossing the border into Canada or Mexico.”

Other options other than the Real ID include a military ID card, or a family military ID card, as well as other numerous federal ID options listed on this website .

Forty percent of Oregonians already have passports.

“But for the others, the biggest concern is for people who rarely travel and don’t plan to travel and then one day they get invited to a wedding across the country or, unfortunately, a funeral across the country,” House said.

To get the Oregon Real ID, you'll need to present proof of citizenship, two proofs of your address in Oregon and you must apply in person, not online.

“We need to take a new photo -- that’s part of the requirement -- and we need an image that we keep for 10 years; again, that’s part of the federal requirement to qualify for REAL ID,” he said.

House said if you haven’t been to a DMV office in a while, prepare to wear a mask, socially distance and probably wait a bit longer.

Appointments to get the Real ID can be made online .

“People have had -- they’ve got cabin fever,” House said. “They want to travel, they want to take that vacation they put off, and we’re all looking forward to the end of the pandemic.”

In addition to domestic travel, the Real ID can also be used to enter secure federal facilities.

Children under 18 do not need to have a Real ID or other documents for domestic flights, but are required to have a passport for international flights.

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  • Frequently Asked Questions

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REAL ID Frequently Asked Questions

REAL ID Deadline May 7th 2025

Frequently asked questions and answers regarding the implementation of the REAL ID Act. The REAL ID Act, passed by Congress in 2005, enacted the 9/11 Commission’s recommendation that the Federal Government “set standards for the issuance of sources of identification, such as driver's licenses.” The Act established minimum security standards for license issuance and production and prohibits certain federal agencies from accepting for certain purposes driver’s licenses and identification cards from states not meeting the Act’s minimum standards.

Additional questions may be sent to the Department of Homeland Security at [email protected] .

Read these FAQs translated into various languages .

For the Public

Q: what is real id.

Passed by Congress in 2005, the REAL ID Act enacted the 9/11 Commission's recommendation that the Federal Government “set standards for the issuance of sources of identification, such as driver's licenses.” The Act established minimum security standards for state-issued driver's licenses and identification cards and prohibits certain federal agencies from accepting for official purposes licenses and identification cards from states that do not meet these standards. These purposes are:

  • Accessing certain federal facilities
  • Boarding federally regulated commercial aircraft
  • Entering nuclear power plants

Q: When will REAL ID be enforced?

The enforcement date is May 7, 2025.

Q: What happens when the REAL ID enforcement date begins?

Federal agencies, including DHS and TSA, may only accept state-issued driver’s licenses and identification cards as identification for purposes of accessing federal facilities - including TSA airport security checkpoints - if the license or card was issued by a REAL ID compliant state in accordance with the REAL ID security standards (meaning the license or card must include the REAL ID compliant star marking). Enhanced Driver’s Licenses (EDL) issued by Washington, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, and Vermont are considered acceptable alternatives to REAL ID-compliant cards and will also be accepted for official REAL ID purposes. Most EDLs do not contain the star marking and this is acceptable.

Q: Are all states issuing REAL ID compliant cards?

Yes. All states, the District of Columbia, and the 5 territories are REAL ID compliant and issuing REAL ID compliant driver’s licenses and IDs.

Q: How do I get a REAL ID?

Visit your state’s driver’s licensing agency website to find out exactly what documentation is required to obtain a REAL ID. At a minimum, you must provide documentation showing: 1) Full Legal Name; 2) Date of Birth; 3) Social Security Number; 4) Two Proofs of Address of Principal Residence; and 5) Lawful Status.

States may impose additional requirements, so check with your state’s driver’s licensing agency website, before visiting them in person, for additional guidance and assistance.

Q: If an individual’s Social Security Administration account card is not available, what other documents can be used to verify an individual’s Social Security Number SSN?

The person may present any of the following documents bearing the applicant's SSN:

  • A W-2 form,
  • A SSA-1099 form,
  • A non-SSA-1099 form, or
  • A pay stub with the applicant's name and SSN on it.

Q: How do I know if my license or identification card is REAL ID compliant?

REAL ID-compliant cards will have of one of the following markings on the upper top portion of the card. If the card does not have one of these markings, it is not REAL ID-compliant and won’t be accepted as proof of identity in order to board commercial aircraft.

Examples of REAL ID markings

Examples of REAL IDs:

Example of REAL ID from South Carolina

Q: When will I need to change how I travel domestically?

Beginning May 7, 2025 every state and territory resident will need to present a REAL ID compliant license/ID, or another acceptable form of identification, for accessing federal facilities, entering nuclear power plants, and boarding commercial aircraft. The card, itself, must be REAL ID compliant unless the resident is using an alternative acceptable document such as a passport or passport card, or state-issued Enhanced Driver’s License. The Act does not require individuals to present identification where it is not currently required to access a federal facility (such as to enter the public areas of the Smithsonian) nor does it prohibit an agency from accepting other forms of identity documents (such as a U.S. passport or passport card).

Q: Will minors need to have driver's licenses/ identification cards to fly domestically?

No. TSA does not require children under 18 to provide identification when traveling with a companion within the United States. The companion will need acceptable identification.

Q: What happens to travelers who show up without a compliant license? Will TSA turn them away?

Travelers who do not present a REAL ID-compliant license or acceptable alternative beginning May 7, 2025 will not be permitted through the security checkpoint.

Q: Is a passport my only other option?

No. TSA accepts several other forms of identity documents. For more information on acceptable forms of identification for boarding aircraft, please visit TSA’s website at https://www.tsa.gov/travel/security-screening/identification .

Starting May 7, 2025, every state and territory resident will need to present a REAL ID compliant license/ID, or another acceptable form of identification, for accessing federal facilities, entering nuclear power plants, and boarding commercial aircraft. The card, itself, must be REAL ID compliant unless the resident is using an alternative acceptable document such as a passport. The Act does not require individuals to present identification where it is not currently required to access a federal facility (such as to enter the public areas of the Smithsonian) nor does it prohibit an agency from accepting other forms of identity documents (such as a U.S. passport or passport card).

Q: Can I use my REAL ID card to cross the border into Canada and Mexico and for international travel?

No. REAL ID cards cannot be used for border crossings into Canada, Mexico or other international travel.

Q: Can I use my REAL ID for sea (cruise) travel?

No. REAL ID cards cannot be used for international sea cruise travel.

Q: Do I need a passport if I have a REAL ID?

If you are traveling internationally you will still need your passport. If you are traveling domestically, you will only need one valid form of identification – either your REAL ID or another acceptable alternative such as a passport, not both.

Q: What type of state-issued driver’s licenses and identification cards does the Department of Homeland Security currently accept as identification to access its buildings and facilities and at TSA airport security checkpoints?

Until full enforcement of REAL ID begins on May 7, 2025, DHS and its component agencies, including TSA at its airport security checkpoints, will continue to accept for identification purposes all state-issued driver’s licenses and identification cards issued by compliant states, as well as noncompliant states with a valid extension.

Q: Will a federal agency accept my Enhanced Driver's License?

Yes. State-issued Enhanced Driver's Licenses (EDLs) are designated as acceptable border-crossing documents by DHS under the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative and are acceptable alternatives for official federal purposes such as accessing a federal facility or boarding a commercial aircraft. Individual agency policies may still apply.

Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Vermont, and Washington are the only states that currently issue EDLs. For more information on EDLs, please go to https://www.dhs.gov/enhanced-drivers-licenses-what-are-they .

Q: What about non-DHS federal entities? What types of licenses and identification cards will they accept for access purposes?

Federal agencies have the authority to set their own minimum security access requirements and, if desired, decide not to accept noncompliant marked cards before the May 7, 2025 deadline.

For example, The U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) recently finalized an update to its DoD-Wide installation security policy and is in the process of no longer accepting noncompliant marked cards across all of its facilities and installations. However, DoD will continue to accept state-issued noncompliant unmarked "legacy" cards until the May 7, 2025 deadline.

To ensure you have the proper identification, DHS recommends that you contact the federal agency you plan to visit in advance, to obtain information regarding identification requirements. As a reminder, the REAL ID Act applies when an individual presents a state-issued driver’s license or identification card to a federal agency for an “official purpose” as defined in the Act and regulations, such as boarding a federally regulated commercial aircraft. Although a REAL ID card may not be necessary for other purposes such as driving, voting, banking, or applying for benefits or employment, we recommend checking with the relevant state, local, or commercial entities regarding their specific identification requirements.

Q: Is DHS trying to build a national database with all of our information?

 No. REAL ID is a national set of standards, not a national identification card. REAL ID does not create a federal database of driver license information. Each jurisdiction continues to issue its own unique license, maintains its own records, and controls who gets access to those records and under what circumstances. The purpose of REAL ID is to make our identity documents more consistent and secure.

Q: How does REAL ID implementation impact states that provide driver's licenses and IDs to certain non-citizens/undocumented immigrants?

REAL ID allows compliant states to issue driver's licenses and identification cards where the identity of the applicant cannot be assured or for whom lawful presence is not determined. In fact, some states currently issue noncompliant cards to undocumented individuals. Noncompliant cards must clearly state on their face (and in the machine readable zone) that they are not acceptable for REAL ID purposes and must use a unique design or color to differentiate them from compliant cards. DHS cautions against assuming that possession of a noncompliant card indicates the holder is an undocumented individual, given that individuals may obtain noncompliant cards for many reasons unrelated to lawful presence. Possession of a noncompliant card does not indicate that the holder is an undocumented individual, given that individuals may obtain noncompliant cards for many reasons unrelated to lawful presence.

Q: How will the phase-out of the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) Program affect state issuance of driver's licenses and IDs to DACA beneficiaries?

The REAL ID Act allows states to issue temporary (i.e., limited-term), REAL ID-compliant driver's licenses and ID cards to applicants who provide valid, documentary evidence that they have “approved deferred action status.” [Sec. 202(c)(2)(B)(viii)] Under the REAL ID regulation, applicants with approved deferred action who hold valid Employment Authorization Documents (EADs) and Social Security Numbers (SSNs) may qualify to receive temporary REAL ID driver's licenses and ID cards. The Deferred Action for Childhood Arrival (DACA) Program standardized and expedited the process for obtaining these supporting identification documents for individuals with Deferred Action seeking REAL IDs. Individuals with approved Deferred Action, valid EADs and valid SSNs may continue to hold temporary (limited-term) REAL IDs until their expiration. In any case, REAL ID compliant states may continue to issue noncompliant licenses and IDs to individuals with or without lawful status, including deferred action, as defined under the REAL ID Act.

Q. Can a person who was granted Temporary Protected Status (TPS) get a REAL ID-compliant license/ID? How long will it be valid?

Yes, a TPS beneficiary can obtain a REAL ID compliant license or identification card. The Secretary of Homeland Security may designate a foreign country for TPS due to conditions in the country that temporarily prevent the country's nationals from returning safely, or in certain circumstances, where the country is unable to handle the return of its nationals adequately. USCIS may grant TPS to eligible nationals of certain designated countries (or parts of countries), who are already in the United States. Eligible individuals without nationality who last habitually resided in the designated country may also be granted TPS.

The validity period of the license or ID card generally depends upon the length of the TPS period. When DHS designates or extends TPS status for a country, it can do so for 6 months or longer through a Federal Register Notice. A TPS beneficiary’s status is tied to a country designated for TPS. Pursuant to Section 202(c)(2)(C)(ii) of the Real ID Act of 2005, a temporary driver's license or temporary identification card issued to individuals who have a pending or approved application for TPS “shall be valid only during the period of time of the applicant's authorized stay in the United States or, if there is no definite end to the period of authorized stay, a period of one year.”

For purposes of assessing compliance with the REAL ID Act, please note that there is no definite end to the period of authorized stay for TPS beneficiaries who present a Form I-766, Employment Authorization Document (EAD) that contains a Category Code of A-12 or C-19 and a “Card Expires” date from the list below.

An EAD that meets the above description is valid documentary evidence of TPS required by the Real ID Act of 2005, Section 202(c)(2)(B)(vii) and is acceptable for REAL ID purposes. Although a response from the Systematic Alien Verification for Entitlements (SAVE) program confirming immigration status provides a designation end date for TPS, these individuals do not have a definite end to the period of authorized stay. Pursuant to Section 202(c)(2)(C)(ii) of the Real ID Act of 2005, a temporary driver's license or temporary identification card issued to individuals who have a pending or approved application for TPS “shall be valid only during the period of time of the applicant's authorized stay in the United States or, if there is no definite end to the period of authorized stay, a period of one year.”

Issuance of REAL ID Compliant Documents to Citizens of the Freely Associated States

On December 17, 2018, President Trump signed the REAL ID Act Modification for Freely Associated States Act, Public Law 115-323. This Act amends the REAL ID Act of 2005 to authorize states to issue full-term REAL ID compliant driver’s licenses and identification cards to citizens of the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of Palau, and the Republic of the Marshall Islands (collectively known as the Freely Associated States, or FAS) who have been admitted to the United States as nonimmigrants pursuant to a Compact of Free Association and who meet the identification requirements of the REAL ID Act.

Q: What does the legislation do? Citizens of these countries are nonimmigrants and have only been issued temporary/limited term licenses in the past.

The REAL ID Act Modification for Freely Associated States Act amends the REAL ID Act to separate citizens of the Freely Associated States from the categories of non-U.S. citizens who are only eligible to receive a temporary (limited term) REAL ID- compliant driver’s license or identification card with a validity period no longer than the period of authorized stay in the United States, or if there is no definite end to the period of authorized stay, one year. With this amendment, citizens of the Freely Associated States who present acceptable evidence of identity and lawful status under the REAL ID Act and its implementing regulations should now receive a full-term driver’s license or identification card, rather than a temporary one.

Q: What identity and lawful status documents will FAS citizens need to present in order to obtain a REAL ID compliant license?

DHS recently designated an unexpired foreign passport with an approved I-94, with a valid visa no longer required, documenting the applicant’s most recent admission to the United States under a Compact, as acceptable documents FAS citizens may present to establish identity in order to obtain a REAL ID license or identification card. FAS citizens also may present one of the other identity documents listed in the regulations, including an unexpired passport, with a valid, unexpired visa (if applicable), and approved I-94, an unexpired employment authorization document, or a previously issued REAL ID compliant driver’s license or identification card (in which case, a valid passport and I-94 is acceptable evidence of lawful status). In all cases, the documentation presented for proof of identity and lawful status must be verified through Systematic Alien Verification for Entitlements (SAVE).

Q: What if an applicant states he or she has been in the United States for a number of years and does not have a valid passport?

Freely Associated States citizens who entered the United States lawfully years ago may have passports that have expired. In order to be issued a REAL ID-compliant document, they will need to renew their passport or present another acceptable identity document, such as an unexpired EAD.

Q: What will the expiration date be for a REAL ID driver’s license or identification card issued to citizens of the Freely Associated States?

The appropriate validity period of the driver’s license or identification card will be consistent with the state’s regular expiration period for full-term REAL ID-compliant documents and carry the same compliant markings without any additional language.

Q: Will other classes of nonimmigrants be eligible to present a valid passport and I-94 for proof of identity and lawful status and be issued a REAL ID-compliant document?

The designation of the unexpired passport with an approved I-94 as an acceptable identity document is only available to Freely Associated States citizens admitted under the Compacts. This designation does not change the requirement for other classes of nonimmigrants to present a valid unexpired passport, valid unexpired visa, and I-94; or an EAD as evidence of identity and lawful status. In all cases, the documentation presented for proof of identity and lawful status must be verified through Systematic Alien Verification for Entitlements (SAVE).

Q: Are other categories of non-U.S. citizens that are only eligible to receive a temporary (limited term) REAL ID-compliant document eligible for a regular full term REAL ID-compliant document?

The REAL ID Act Modification for Freely Associated States Act only applies to citizens of the Freely Associated States and enables them to receive full-term REAL ID licenses. Other categories of non-U.S. citizens in a “temporary lawful status” as defined in the REAL ID regulations remain eligible for temporary (limited term) REAL ID-compliant driver’s license or identification card with a validity period no longer than the period of authorized stay in the United States, or if there is no definite end to the period of authorized stay, one year. These categories of individuals in a “temporary lawful status” as defined in the REAL ID regulations include a person who is a nonimmigrant; has a pending application for asylum; has a pending or approved application for temporary protected status; has approved deferred action; or has a pending application for lawful permanent resident or conditional permanent resident status.

Q. Does the REAL ID Act require an applicant who wears a head covering for religious reasons to alter or remove the head covering so that the driver’s license or identification card photograph shows their hair or ears?

No. The REAL ID regulatory standards for the digital photograph recognize that some individuals may wear head coverings for religious or other reasons. However, such coverings should not obscure an applicant’s facial features or generate a shadow. For purposes of the photograph, the face should be visible from the hairline to the chin and forward of the ears, and be free of shadows. The REAL ID regulation does not require the exposure of the hair line or the ears.

State Compliance

Q. can jurisdictions meeting the standards of real id continue to issue non-compliant real id driver’s licenses and identification cards.

Yes. REAL ID allows jurisdictions to issue identification cards and driver’s licenses that are not in compliance with the requirements of the Act. Those licenses and identification cards, however, must clearly state on their face and in the machine readable zone that the card is not acceptable for official purposes.

Q. If my state issues an Enhanced Driver’s Licenses, is that sufficient for my state to be REAL ID compliant?

State Enhanced Driver’s Licenses (EDL) designated as acceptable border-crossing documents by DHS under the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative (WHTI) are acceptable for official federal purposes (i.e., boarding a commercial aircraft, accessing a federal facility, or entering a nuclear power plant). However the existence of an EDL is not sufficient to consider the state to be in overall compliance for purpose of determining whether a federal agency may accept a state’s regular driver’s license for official purposes. For example, a federal agency could accept an EDL issued from a state but not be able to accept a standard driver’s license from that same state.

Q. Why is DHS recertifying states already determined to be compliant?

DHS makes determinations that a state is meeting the minimum requirements of the REAL ID Act based upon certifications submitted by the state to the Secretary of Homeland Security. The REAL ID regulation prescribes how these certifications are to be made. In particular, the REAL ID regulation requires that states recertify their compliance with the Act every three years, on a rolling basis, as determined by DHS.

State Implementation

Q. can states accept electronically submitted copies of source documents from applicants.

On November 7, 2019, DHS issued a request for information (RFI), published in the Federal Register, to receive input on technologies that could assist states and their residents in the digital submission, receipt, and authentication of documents and information applicants must provide when applying for a REAL ID compliant driver’s license or identification card. DHS received 69 responsive comments and completed its preliminary review of the responsive proposals. Based on this review, DHS has identified one viable option that can be immediately implemented by the states, territories, and District of Columbia, hereafter “States,” consistent with existing authorities.

On February 19, 2020, DHS informed the States that effective immediately, they are permitted to implement the acceptance of electronically submitted copies of source documents with certain restrictions. Specifically, the States may now add the pre-submission of identity and lawful status source documents, through a secure electronic process, prior to an applicant’s in-person DMV visit, and physical presentation of those same documents for authentication and verification by DMV personnel.

States had requested this ability during the RFI process stating that electronic pre-submission helps streamline the application process by: 1) ensuring that an applicant has the correct information and, 2) allowing a state to electronically retain that information prior to the applicant’s in-person visit. Retaining the information in advance eliminates time-consuming activities associated with the physical scanning and retention of source documents that typically occurs during the applicant’s DMV visit. States informed DHS that this can have a direct impact on reducing overall applicant wait times and improving customer satisfaction. DHS guidance to the States recommend that they consider implementing this option.

DHS continues to evaluate the other proposals for action and is working with the Office of Management and Budget and Congress, as necessary.

Q. At what point in the application process should states capture the applicant's image?

States should capture the applicant's image at the beginning of the licensing process when the applicant submits a completed application to a Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) representative for processing. If at any time during the application process fraud is suspected, the DMV should make every attempt to capture the applicant's image whether or not a completed application is submitted for processing.

Q. Does an applicant have to provide documentation of all previous names if the name on the lawful status document is different from the current legal name that will be displayed on the new license or identification card?

The applicant should demonstrate name traceability, i.e., a connection between the name presented on the source document and the name requested to be on the issued document. States may choose the kinds of documentation individuals should present as evidence of this traceability. Individuals do not have to provide a complete listing of all the names that they may have previously used.

Q. What classifications of noncitizens are eligible for full-term compliant driver's licenses?

Noncitizens lawfully admitted for permanent or temporary residence, noncitizens with conditional permanent resident status, noncitizens with an approved application for asylum, and noncitizens who have entered the United States as refugees are eligible for a full-term REAL ID license or identification card.

Q. Can a "Temporary" or "Limited Term" license be renewed remotely?

No. Temporary or limited-term licenses and identification cards need to be renewed in person and upon presentation and verification of valid documentary evidence that the temporary lawful status is still in effect or that the individual has lawful status in the United States.

Q. How should a "Temporary" or "Limited Term" license be marked?

Temporary and limited term cards need to clearly indicate both on its face and in the machine readable zone that they are temporary and include the expiration date.

Q. What is the purpose of an exceptions process?

DHS recognizes that each jurisdiction is unique and needs flexibility to tailor an exceptions process to meet its individual needs and circumstances. An exceptions process helps states address unique situations where individuals, for reasons beyond their control, are unable to present one or more of the identity documents listed in the regulations. For example, following a natural disaster, for reasons beyond a person's control, documents necessary to establish identity and lawful status may no longer be readily available or obtainable. In such cases, states may need to rely on alternate documents to establish their identity or U.S. citizenship.

Q. Should states inform DHS when they change their exception process?

DHS understands that circumstances may require the development or modifications to a state's exceptions process following certification. In such cases, a state only needs to report to DHS its new or modified process when DHS conducts a periodic compliance recertification process.

Q. Should states have an independent laboratory assess the physical security features of their driver's licenses or identification cards?

States should employ multiple levels of security features for the detection of false cards, and submit a report to DHS that indicates the ability of the card design to resist compromise and document fraud. However, states are also welcome to use an independent laboratory to assess the documents or prepare a report.

Q. How should states mark compliant and non-compliant licenses so that screeners can easily distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable state-issued driver's licenses or identification cards?

While DHS recommends that states adopt the general design marking (aka "gold star"), per the REAL ID Security Plan Guidance Handbook, states may submit for DHS review and approval alternative methods of marking documents to clearly differentiate a compliant card from a non-compliant card. Those methods could include differentiations in color, lettering, and/or format.

Q. Upon renewal do applicants need to re-submit any documents that were required at the time of the initial application?

Except for holders of temporary or limited term licenses or identification cards, applicants renewing their licenses or identification cards do not need to re-submit identity source documents unless there has been a material change in any personally identifiable information (PII) since prior issuance.

Q. What would be considered a material change in Personally Identifiable Information (PII)?

Material change includes any change to an individual's PII, which is defined in the regulations to include information to demonstrate identity, date of birth, or social security number, as well as information that appears in databases or in the machine readable technology of the license or identification card. Notwithstanding the definition of PII, material change does not include a change of address of principal residence.

Q. May states issue a duplicate REAL ID remotely?

Yes. States may use remote procedures to re-issue a duplicate card – a card that bears the same information and expiration date as the original card – as long as there has been no material change to the card-holder's PII since prior issuance and the document bears the same expiration date as the original document. States may choose to re-verify an applicant's SSN and lawful status when issuing a duplicate driver's license or identification card.

Q. If a state has already copied an individual's source documents does the individual need to re-submit those same documents when applying for a REAL ID?

DHS understands that some states may currently require presentation, verification, and retention of identity source documents, social security information, and proof of address in a manner that meets the minimum regulatory standards. This also includes meeting the minimum standards for employee background checks, fraudulent document recognition training, and information security and storage requirements. States already meeting these standards do not need to have applicants resubmit identity source documents upon initial application for a compliant document.

Q. Are Enhanced Driver’s Licenses (EDL) and Enhanced Identification Cards (EID) acceptable for official federal purposes such as boarding a commercial aircraft?

Yes. State EDLs designated as acceptable border-crossing documents by DHS under WHTI are acceptable for official federal purposes such as boarding a commercial aircraft or entering a federal facility.

REAL ID Modernization Act

The REAL ID Modernization Act, passed by Congress as part of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 includes a provision that removes a requirement for a state to require an individual to provide documentation of their social security number when applying for a REAL ID driver’s license or identification card. Title X, Div. U, Pub. L. No. 116-260 (Dec. 27, 2020). This provision, contained at subsection 1001(c) of the REAL ID Modernization Act, provides that “[n]otwithstanding any other provision of law (including regulations), beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act, a State does not need to require an applicant for a driver’s license or identification card to provide separate documentation of the applicant’s Social Security account number in order to comply with the requirements of the REAL ID Act of 2005.” This provision became effective on December 27, 2020. Although states are no longer required to collect a social security document from a REAL ID applicant they still must collect and retain the number as part of the application process and verify that information with the Social Security Administration as currently required by the REAL ID regulations. Not all states have applied this, so please check with your state driver's licensing agency to find the most up to date information.

Q: Does an applicant still need to provide their SSN when applying for a REAL ID?

 The REAL ID Modernization Act includes a provision that removes the requirement for states to require an individual to provide documentation of their SSN when applying for a REAL ID driver's license or identification card.  See REAL ID Modernization Act. 

While the REAL ID Modernization Act no longer requires an applicant to present documentary evidence of their SSN some states may continue to require applicants to present documentation containing their SSN.  DHS recommends applicants check with their state's DMV for information on their requirements.

Q: Do applicants still need to bring in their social security card when applying for a REAL ID?

States may choose to require applicants to present documentation containing their social security number but are not required to do so.

Q: If a state no longer requires a physical document containing the SSN how would someone provide that information to the DMV?

States that choose to no longer require a social security document may collect the number as part of the application process (e.g., states may collect it on the application form).

Q: If a state continues to require a document, are they limited to the documents described in section 37.11(e) of the regulation?

DHS has not added any new social security documents to the regulation so an applicant would still need to provide one of the listed documents (i.e., a social security account number card, a W-2 form, an SSA-1099 form, a non-SSA form, or a pay stub with the applicant’s name and social security number).

Q. Does a state need to verify an applicant’s social security number even if it no longer requires a social security card or other document?

Yes. The verification requirements have not changed. States must continue to verify social security numbers with the Social Security Administration as required by 6 CFR 37.13(b)(2) of the REAL ID regulations.

Eligibility of Afghanistan nationals paroled into the United States for REAL ID compliant driver’s licenses and identification cards

The Extending Government Funding and Delivering Emergency Assistance Act, enacted into law on September 30, 2021, includes a provision making certain citizens and nationals of Afghanistan paroled into the United States eligible for REAL ID compliant driver’s licenses and identification cards. Pub. L. 117-43, Div. C, Title V, § 2502 (Sept. 30, 2021).

Q: What does the legislation do and to whom does it apply?

The legislation makes certain citizens and nationals of Afghanistan paroled into the United States eligible for a REAL ID compliant driver’s license or identification card. It applies to citizens and nationals of Afghanistan paroled into the United States between July 31, 2021, and September 30, 2022, and certain immediate family members paroled into the United States after September 30, 2022 (covered parolees).

Q: What does it mean to be paroled into the United States?

Parole is a discretionary decision that permits a noncitizen to be physically present in the United States. It is granted on a case-by-case basis for urgent humanitarian reasons or significant public benefit. Parole falls under section 212(d)(5)(A) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1182(d)(5)(A)).

Q: Are parolees who are not covered by this legislation eligible for a REAL ID?

No. Parole is not one of the lawful status categories covered by the REAL ID Act.

Q: What form of identity and lawful status documents are acceptable for a covered parolee to present when applying for a REAL ID compliant driver’s license or identification card?

Covered parolees must still meet all the identity and lawful status documentation and information requirements of the REAL ID regulation. Covered parolees are eligible to apply for, and normally are issued a Form I-766, Employment Authorization Document (EAD), soon after their parole into the United States. As the Form I-766 is issued to numerous categories of noncitizens, the DMV will need to verify that an applicant is a covered parolee through the SAVE system.

Q: Are covered parolees required to provide a Social Security Number to be issued a REAL ID?

Yes. Covered parolees are eligible for a Social Security Number, which they must provide when applying for a REAL ID, as required by the REAL ID regulations.

Q: Are covered parolees required to provide proof of principal residence address?

Yes. Covered parolees must provide proof of address in accordance with the requirements of the REAL ID regulations.

Q: What type of a REAL ID are covered parolees eligible for?

Covered parolees are eligible for a temporary/limited term REAL ID. The expiration date of the temporary/limited term REAL ID is to be based on the expiration date of the parole term as determined by DHS.

Q: Will DMVs be able to use SAVE to verify the immigration documentation and information provided by Afghan parolees?

Yes. Please see the following Q&A for more information.

Q: How can a DMV distinguish covered parolees from other parolees who may not be eligible for a REAL ID license or identification card?

The SAVE response will indicate Parolee and the date that the applicant was paroled into the United States. In addition, the SAVE response will generally include an “OAR” (Operation Allies Refuge) class of admission (COA) if the individual is an Afghan parolee. For limited situations in which an Afghan parolee has another parole COA such as “PAR” or “DT”, the procedures for receiving Afghanistan as the Country of Citizenship through initial verification depend upon whether the agency is using the web services access (system-to-system) or web browser access method:

  • Web Services – SAVE may provide Afghanistan in the Country of Citizenship field (NonCitCountryCitCd) as part of the initial verification response.
  • Web Browser – SAVE may provide Afghanistan in a new Country of Citizenship field as part of the initial verification response screen.

The procedure for obtaining Afghanistan as the Country of Citizenship through additional verification is the same for both access methods. Specifically, user agencies should include a “Request verification of Afghan citizenship” note in the comments field for the additional verification request. SAVE will then respond with “Citizen of Afghanistan” in the DHS Comments to Agency field.

Q: What if an individual’s status changes?

If a parolee adjusts status, they will have to reapply. Any individual who is issued a temporary/limited term REAL ID can reapply for a regular full term REAL ID at any time if their status changes.

Q: What qualifies as a valid, unexpired Permanent Resident Card (Form I-551) for purposes of establishing identity and lawful status under the REAL ID regulations?

In addition to the plastic I-551 Permanent Resident Card, the following documents qualify as a valid, unexpired Form I-551:

  • A foreign passport with an unexpired temporary I-551 stamp, or with a temporary I-551 printed notation on a machine-readable immigrant visa (MRIV) with a DHS admission stamp, within the stated validity period, which is normally one year from the date of the DHS stamp;
  • A DHS Form I-94 or Form I-94A with a photograph and an unexpired temporary I-551 stamp; or
  • A U.S. Department of State Form DS-232, Unrecognized Passport or Waiver Cases, with a temporary I-551 printed notation on a machine-readable immigrant visa (MRIV) with a DHS admission stamp and validity period, which is normally one year from the date of the DHS stamp.

In all cases, the documentation presented for proof of identity and lawful status must be verified through Systematic Alien Verification for Entitlements (SAVE).

Q: Can a state accept a Form I-766, Employment Authorization Document (EAD), whose validity has been extended by DHS?

Yes.  States should accept DHS-issued EADs that have had the validity period automatically extended by DHS because they are unexpired.  These include EADs that bear a “Card Expires” date that has passed, or one that has a future expiration date on its face.  To determine whether an EAD validity period is extended, states should follow the scenario-based guidance below and then use SAVE to verify the extended EAD validity period.

Documentation

  • The EAD bears a category listed in Automatic Employment Authorization Document (EAD) Extension , then follow the guidance on that webpage and verify it by using SAVE.
  • The EAD bears a category not listed in Automatic Employment Authorization Document (EAD) Extension , then the EAD may still be automatically extended.  As with all EAD extensions, verify it by using SAVE .
  • In this situation, visit the country-specific TPS webpage available through the applicable country link on left side of the Temporary Protected Status webpage.
  • Use the information on the country-specific TPS webpage to determine whether there is a blanket automatic extension of expiring EADs for TPS beneficiaries of that country.

SAVE Verification

Verify all EAD extensions using SAVE.  SAVE will generally include any status and/or EAD extension as part of its initial verification response.  In situations where SAVE does not, please submit an additional verification request.  If a previous SAVE case verified an applicant’s status and/or employment authorization, please submit a new verification request to determine whether there has been an extension or change.

Q: Can a state accept a Form I-551, Permanent Resident Card, whose validity has been extended by DHS?

Yes.  States should accept DHS-issued Form I-551, Permanent Resident Cards that have had the validity period automatically extended by DHS because they are unexpired. These include a Form I-551, Permanent Resident Card (PRC, commonly known as a Green Card), bearing a “Card Expires” date that has passed, or one that has a future expiration date on its face, but is presented with a Form I-797 Notice of Action that contains language extending the validity period of the Green Card. Examples include a:

  • Receipt notice for Form, I-90, Application to Replace Permanent Resident Card (In this situation, follow the guidance on the webpage USCIS Extends Green Card Validity Extension to 24 Months for Green Card Renewals .)
  • Receipt notice for Form I-751, Petition to Remove Conditions on Residence
  • Receipt notice for Form I-829, Petition by Investor to Remove Conditions on Permanent Resident Status
  • Receipt notice for Form N-400, Application for Naturalization

As with all situations where an applicant presents a Green Card, verify their Lawful Permanent Resident status by using SAVE .

Q: Do Afghans with re-parole and extension of parole remain eligible for REAL ID compliant driver’s licenses?

Yes.  Covered parolees who receive re-parole (a new period of parole with new start and end dates) or extension of initial parole (original start date and new end date) from the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) remain eligible for REAL ID compliant driver’s licenses and identification cards. 

Documentation:

  • Covered parolees with re-parole or an extension of their initial parole may present a Form I-766, Employment Authorization Document, (EAD) with category C11 and a Form I-797C, Notice of Action, extending their EAD validity. 
  • DMVs should accept all EADs that have a validity period extended by DHS because they are unexpired.  Unexpired EADs include those that bear a “Card Expires” date that has passed, in combination with a Form I-797C extending the EAD validity period, and an EAD that has a future expiration date on its face. 
  • Apart from their parole documentation, Afghan parolees may also present valid immigration documents to DMVs that demonstrate lawful status under the REAL ID Act because they may have other pending applications or approved statuses or categories. 
  • For more information on immigration documents, including sample images, see the SAVE Commonly Used Immigration Documents page.

Verification:

  • Many covered parolees will also have automatically extended EADs that SAVE can verify.
  • Covered parolees may have more than one valid immigration status or category, and many are independent categories of lawful status under the REAL ID Act such as pending asylum and Temporary Protected Status (both pending and approved).
  • A first step SAVE verification is automated.  If an automated verification can be completed, SAVE provides a response in seconds, which will include one class of admission (COA) and employment authorization information, if any. 
  • If the first step SAVE response is not sufficient for a DMV to make an eligibility determination, the DMV should institute Additional Verification.
  • Parole period,
  • Additional immigration statuses and categories, and
  • Pending immigration applications.

Additional Verification is a manual process and response times vary.  Agencies are encouraged to submit a copy of the parolee’s immigration document(s) when instituting Additional Verification.

For more information on Afghan re-parole and parole extensions, see the June 8, 2023, DHS announcement  that certain Afghan nationals may maintain parole and employment authorization for up to two additional years and the USCIS webpage “Re-Parole Process for Certain Afghans.”

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Deadline: May 7, 2025

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Deadline to Comply with Real ID Standards Pushed Again

By Sam Stites December 13, 2022

real id travel oregon

Oregon travelers will have an additional two years to renew their state-issued driver's license or identification to a Real ID–compliant version following another extension of the federal deadline. 

Image: Courtesy ODOT , Shutterstock by Paul Massie Photography , and Portland Monthly composite

If you’ve been putting off that trip to the DMV to get an identification card that meets federal Real ID standards , you can keep kicking that can down the road a bit longer, but not forever. 

After nearly 15 years of delays, the law was set to take effect on May 3, 2023. But on December 5 the US Department of Homeland Security decided to (again) extend the deadline for air travelers to obtain state-issued identification deemed to be more secure than your regular driver’s license or personal identification card. Procrastinators now have until May 7, 2025.  

“We welcome the extension,” says Michelle Godfrey, public information officer with the Oregon Department of Transportation’s Driver & Motor Vehicle Services division. 

“Oregon is behind in Real ID issuance,” she says. “We are at 18 percent adoption this month and seeing incremental increases in adoption each month.”

That’s less than half the national average. Godfrey says several factors are contributing to the state’s slow adoption of Real ID–compliant driver’s licenses and identification cards. The state didn’t begin to issue the new IDs until 2020, three years after at least half of all US states implemented systems to produce them. 

The pandemic also severely hampered efforts to encourage people to make the switch because they weren’t interacting face-to-face, rather online using the state’s DMV2U portal, which allows some DMV actions to be completed without visiting an office. (Converting a regular license or ID card to a Real ID–compliant one requires an in-person visit to a DMV office.)

Those two factors led to staffing issues ever since, Godfrey says. 

The reason for the switch dates back more than two decades. In the investigations following the attacks of September 11, 2001, it was found that hijackers had used fraudulent driver’s licenses and state-issued ID cards to board planes. Congress decided there needed to be more cohesiveness between how states verify personal information provided by those seeking to get an ID card and in 2005 passed the Real ID Act, which called for all states to make the switch by April 2008. 

That date came and passed, with some states citing the price tag to implement the new systems as a barrier. And that’s pretty much how it’s gone for the past 15 years, with Oregon being one of the last to make the switch, along with Oklahoma and New Jersey .

There are other forms of identification that comply with Real ID standards, such as a passport book or card. That means any Oregonian who’s traveled internationally in the recent past is probably fine even if they aren’t renewing their license before the new May 2025 deadline. (Most Oregon driver's licenses are valid for eight years.) Just don’t forget to bring your passport when boarding domestic flights as well as international, and don’t let it expire. 

But if you don’t have a passport, or if you have one but don’t want to bust it out every time you hop on a plane to visit your aunt in San Francisco, you shouldn’t put off getting an updated ID for much longer, as any last-minute rush could come with long waits.  

“I can imagine that state agencies would be taxed if a large number of the population rushed to get Real IDs [all at once],” says Kama Simonds, a spokesperson for Portland International Airport . 

“That could create havoc, were the change implemented and the populace not ready with the correct form of ID to travel,” Simonds says.

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DHS announces extension of REAL ID full enforcement deadline

WASHINGTON – Today, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) announced its intent to extend the REAL ID full enforcement date by 24 months, from May 3, 2023 to May 7, 2025. Under the new regulations published to execute this change, states will now have additional time to ensure their residents have driver’s licenses and identification cards that meet the security standards established by the REAL ID Act. As required by the law, following the enforcement deadline, federal agencies, including the Transportation Security Administration (TSA), will be prohibited from accepting driver’s licenses and identification cards that do not meet these federal standards.  

“DHS continues to work closely with U.S. states, the District of Columbia, and the U.S. territories to meet REAL ID requirements,” said Secretary of Homeland Security Alejandro N. Mayorkas. “This extension will give states needed time to ensure their residents can obtain a REAL ID-compliant license or identification card. DHS will also use this time to implement innovations to make the process more efficient and accessible. We will continue to ensure that the American public can travel safely.” 

The extension is necessary, in part, to address the lingering impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the ability to obtain a REAL ID driver’s license or identification card. REAL ID progress over the past two years has been significantly hindered by state driver’s licensing agencies having to work through the backlogs created by the pandemic. Many of these agencies took various steps in response to the pandemic including automatically extending the expiration dates of driver’s licenses and identification cards and shifting operations to appointment only. 

Passed by Congress in 2005 following a 9/11 Commission recommendation, the REAL ID Act establishes minimum security standards for state-issued driver’s licenses and identification cards. Security standards include incorporating anti-counterfeiting technology, preventing insider fraud, and using documentary evidence and record checks to ensure a person is who they claim to be. Under the new regulations, beginning May 7, 2025, every traveler 18 years of age or older will need a REAL ID-compliant driver’s license or identification card, state-issued enhanced driver’s license, or another TSA-acceptable form of identification at airport security checkpoints for domestic air travel. 

Since enactment of the REAL ID Act in 2005, advancements in technology have enabled TSA to make significant improvements in checkpoint screening, particularly in the areas of identity management, on-person screening, accessible property screening and alarm resolution. Through the deployment of technologies such as Advanced Imaging Technology (AIT), Advanced Technology (AT) X-ray, then Computed Tomography (CT), Bottled Liquids Scanners (BLS), and Credential Authentication Technology (CAT), as well as deployment of Passenger Screening Canines (PSC) and the rollout of TSA PreCheck®, TSA has continually advanced its security capabilities. TSA also increased its vetting capability through Secure Flight, a risk-based passenger prescreening program that enhances security by identifying low and high-risk passengers before they arrive at the airport by matching their names against trusted traveler lists and watchlists. REAL ID requirements will strengthen these improvements further by providing an additional layer of confidence in the identity of the traveler. 

All 50 U.S. states, the District of Columbia, and four of five U.S. territories covered by the REAL ID Act and related regulations are issuing REAL ID-compliant driver’s licenses and identification cards. These standards have significantly improved the reliability and accuracy of state-issued driver’s licenses and identification cards. 

For more information on REAL ID, visit  www.dhs.gov/real-id . 

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REAL ID requirements are coming next year—here's what U.S. fliers need to know

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Domestic fliers have one year left to get REAL ID-compliant documentation before the Department of Homeland Security's new policies go into effect.

Beginning on May 7, 2025, travelers won't be able to board a domestic flight, access certain federal facilities or enter a nuclear power plant unless their driver's license or ID has REAL ID's telltale star marking in the top righthand corner.

The REAL ID Act was introduced in 2005 in an effort to tighten the nation's air travel security in the wake of the September 11 attacks.

The deadline for REAL ID compliance has been repeatedly delayed since its original 2008 deadline. It was most recently pushed back at the end of 2022, with the DHS citing "the lingering effects of the Covid-19 pandemic" as part of the reason for the change.

Once the REAL ID requirement goes into effect, travelers will no longer be able to board domestic flights with an ordinary license.

Travelers who go to the airport after May 7, 2025 without a REAL ID-compliant license will not be able to get past security, the DHS website says. They will, however, be able to board commercial aircraft by showing a valid passport.

Here's what you need to know to be prepared for the switch in 2025.

When do I need my REAL ID?

The DHS deadline is May 7, 2025.

What happens if I don't get REAL ID in time?

Failure to produce a REAL ID-compliant identification at airport security will result in you not being let through to your gate.

If you don't have REAL ID by May 7, 2025 you can still show your U.S. passport or an Enhanced Driver's License issued by Washington, Michigan, Minnesota, New York or Vermont.

For a full list of alternative ID accepted by TSA, visit this link .

How do I sign up for REAL ID?

You can sign up for REAL ID at your local DMV. The DHS includes a helpful map on its website with links to the DMV for every U.S. state and territory where you can set up an appointment.

Each state's driver's licensing agency lists the documentation you will need to bring in order to get a REAL ID. The DHS website states that applicants must bring documentation showing the following:

  • Full legal name
  • Date of birth
  • Two documents bearing your address
  • Lawful status

Do I already have REAL ID? How do I know?

To see if your current ID is REAL ID-compliant, check the top right corner. Depending on which state issues your ID, the REAL ID marking will show up in the form of a yellow or black star in the top right corner on the front of your ID.

You can see example photos on the DHS website.

Can I still drive without a REAL ID?

Yes. The REAL ID requirements will only impact air travel.

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What You Need to Know About Real ID and Travel

Travelers now have until 2025 to get the upgraded driver’s licenses for security screening.

Kansas Real ID

Christina Ianzito,

Jacquelyne Froeber,

The U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS)  will begin enforcing the Real ID law on May 7, 2025. The new deadline follows a previous deadline of May 3, 2023, which was deemed unworkable in part due to the pandemic and its continued disruption of states’ abilities to issue the Real ID–compliant driver’s licenses. The DHS issued a statement on Dec. 5 saying the new deadline will give state licensing agencies time to work through the backlogs created by the pandemic. The extension also gives the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) time to “implement innovations” to make the process as smooth as possible. 

If this sounds familiar, the enforcement date, first set for 2008, has been delayed multiple times. 

Conceived as part of 2005 legislation in the wake of the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the Real ID law requires people to show security-enhanced IDs to pass through airport security checkpoints or to enter certain federal facilities, such as military bases, once the regulations begin to be enforced. Travelers will also be able to use passports or certain other federal documents as an alternative to a Real ID.

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Sometimes called the Star Card, because most states are marking their Real ID cards with a gold or black star in the top right corner, it must include an encoded “machine readable zone,” like a passport’s, with a person’s scannable information. Many state driver’s licenses already have this feature. The key thing that makes the card special is that the federal government requires you to provide certain identifying documentation to obtain one from your state.

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The DHS has spent years on its Real ID public information campaign, but many people remain confused over how to get the cards and what they are.

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A few basics about Real ID:

  • To get a Real ID, you need to present documents to your DMV proving your age and identity, Social Security number and address. That generally means bringing a birth certificate or passport, a Social Security card or tax form such as a W-2, and two proofs of address. If you’ve changed your name through marriage, you’ll need a marriage certificate.
  • Although the Real ID is also a driver’s license, the old-style driver’s license is still lawful for driving and still available as an option in many states. Some, such as Arizona and Kentucky, are trying to make this clear by calling the Real ID a Travel ID. New Jersey continues to issue standard state licenses, which are marked with the words “Not for ‘REAL ID’ purposes.”
  • After May 7, 2025, a regular driver’s license won’t be sufficient to get a passenger through security and onto a plane. The Real ID technically is not mandatory because you can instead use other approved documents, including a passport, passport card, U.S. military ID, Enhanced ID (offered in some states) or an ID from the federal government’s Trusted Traveler Program, such as a  Global Entry card .
  • For international travel, you’ll still need a passport.

Editor’s note: This story was originally published Aug. 23, 2019. It was updated to reflect the new Real ID deadline.

​Christina Ianzito covers scams and fraud, and is the books editor for aarp.org and AARP The Magazine . Also a longtime travel writer and editor, she received a 2020 Lowell Thomas Award for travel writing from the Society of American Travel Writers Foundation.​

Jacquelyne Froeber is an award-winning journalist based in Las Vegas, Nevada. She writes and edits travel content for AARP.org.

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REAL ID versus passport: which one do I need to travel?

real id travel oregon

You might’ve heard about REAL ID, which is a program that requires Americans to use specific types of identification enter airports, certain federal facilities and nuclear power plants. Since you’re probably curious about its travel implications, that’s what we’ll focus on here.

Beginning on May 7, 2025, all travelers flying on commercial aircraft will be required to present a REAL ID–compliant identity document. But does REAL ID replace a passport for international travel? No, it does not. Here’s everything you need to know about REAL IDs vs. passports.

In this post

What is a REAL ID?

Why do you need a real id, is the application for a real id easier than for a passport, real id versus passport: which one do you need for domestic travel, does the real id replace the passport for international travel.

The REAL ID Act was passed by Congress in 2005 to “set standards for the issuance of sources of identification, such as driver’s licenses.” Because many forms of ID are issued by states rather than the federal government, they’re not all on the same page regarding security. The REAL ID Act aims to bring IDs used for high-security situations up to the same level on a national scale.

real id travel oregon

Starting May 7, 2025, all travelers flying on commercial aircraft will need a REAL ID–compliant identity document to go through airport security . Each state will issue its own REAL IDs, which will often be a special kind of driver’s license. But there are also non–driver’s license forms of REAL ID, too.

Expert tip : The rollout day for REAL ID has been postponed for more than a decade, so keep an eye on that launch date. It might change again.

There is no standard application for REAL IDs. It varies per state. Generally speaking, it’s fairly easy to get a REAL ID, and it usually will take less time to process than a passport. Most states’ processes include bringing various documents to the Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) that prove your identity and residency in the state, then you will receive your ID in the mail. But if you are looking to get a REAL ID driver’s license, and you do not already have a driver’s license, that will take far more effort, as you will have to take a permit test and practice driving with a learner permit first. Passport applications require filing out paperwork, showing documents and going to a passport acceptance facility in-person.

Starting May 7, 2025, you will need a REAL ID–compliant form of identification to go through airport security for domestic flights/. Passports are accepted as an alternative to REAL IDs, so you can use one at airport security. 

Expert tip :There are many forms of REAL ID–compliant identification beyond a state-issued REAL ID. These include passports, passport cards, and Global Entry cards, among other documents. You can find the full list of accepted documents at tsa.gov .

A curly-haired woman stares at the airport flight information screens while holding her passport and boarding pass.

No, you will not be able to use a REAL ID to travel internationally. You must have a passport or a passport card (depending on your destination) to travel internationally.

The passport is the ultimate form of ID for travel. It’s required for international flights , but it’s also accepted as a REAL ID alternative for domestic flights. That said, it’s not a bad idea to get a REAL ID, so you don’t need to use your passport for domestic travel. Instead, you can keep it safe at home.

REAL IDs will not be accepted for international travel, but they will be required for domestic air travel beginning May 7, 2025. A passport will be accepted as an alternative to a REAL ID, and it can be used for international travel.

How KAYAK knows what to put in this guide

As a travel writer, I must stay on top of all requirements regarding both domestic and international travel. For this guide, I researched the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) policies for REAL ID on the government website, as well as looked into individual state policies on their DMV sites. I also consulted the U.S. Department of State website for information regarding passports and international travel.

Young Asian business woman going on a business trip. Business and leisure travel.

REAL ID versus passport: Frequent questions

No, you cannot.

You can until May 7, 2025. Starting that day, you will need a REAL ID or a REAL ID alternative (like a passport) to fly in the US.

Yes, you can. Passports are accepted as an alternative to REAL IDs.

The foregoing article was last updated on the 27th of November 2023. It does not contain legal advice and is for informational purposes only. KAYAK does not guarantee, and accepts no legal liability arising from or connected to, the accuracy, reliability, currency or completeness of any of the information contained in this article and/or any of the content linked to within it. Always check the official government website of your departure and arrival destinations prior to travel for up-to-date information. Sources: https://www.tsa.gov/travel/security-screening/identification https://dmv.ny.gov/id-card/get-non-driver-id-card-ndid   https://dmv.ny.gov/driver-license/get-your-learner-permit-and-first-driver-license https://www.dhs.gov/real-id   https://www.dhs.gov/real-id/real-id-faqs https://travel.state.gov/content/dam/passports/forms-fees/Real%20ID%20Infographic_2022%20Update.pdf

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Passport Vs. Enhanced License: They Both Permit International Travel, So What's The Difference?

  • Enhanced Driver's Licenses (EDLs) can only be obtained in five US states: Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Vermont, and Washington. They can be used for international travel to countries like Canada, Mexico, and the Caribbean.
  • EDLs are not a substitute for a passport and do not grant access to all international borders. Temporary EDLs are not accepted at border crossings, so travelers need to wait for the formal copy of their license.
  • REAL IDs are another form of identification that can be used at airports and for secondary identification within the United States. However, a passport is still required for international travel with a REAL ID. Passports are often seen as superior to EDLs and are recommended for those without access to EDLs.

For anyone who doesn't live in a state that offers enhanced driver's licenses, also known as EDLs for short, there's probably a bit of confusion at this headline. What the heck is an enhanced driver's license? Can you get them anywhere? Are they used to travel across any international borders ? Does one still need a regular driver's license in addition to an EDL? Can you get one in any state or for another state? Understandably, the list of questions surrounding this unusual travel ticket is extensive.

Alternatively, there's the passport, which is a tried and true form of travel identification that's been used for decades. However, does one need a passport if they have an EDL? And, when it comes to crossing the border, does one need a passport in addition to an EDL? Once again, there are many questions - which is why we're here to answer all the things that confuse travelers about both of these forms of identification. While they can't be used interchangeably, they do overlap in terms of where a person can travel and how .

UPDATE: 2023/08/04 15:53 EST BY NOAH STAATS

Adding To The Travel Saga: What Is A REAL ID?

This article has been updated with new information regarding travel domestically and internationally in and out of the United States, as well as comparing EDLs to REAL IDs. Whether someone has an upcoming trip, needs help before the airport, or has other concerns, we're here to help!

Related: Vaccine Passports: All Your Questions About What, When, And Where, Answered

For Starters, What Is An Enhanced License, And Where Can You Get One?

  • Enhanced Driver's Licenses, or EDLs, can only be obtained in five US states.
  • People won't be able to get these unless they're in Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Vermont, or Washington.

An Enhanced Driver's License, EDL for short, can only be obtained in five states : Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Vermont, and Washington. These are all states that border another country (Canada). Therefore, an EDL can be used at border crossings. However, an EDL also permits travel in other countries, as well, and not just those that share borders with the U.S. So, what is this magical card all about, then?

To obtain an EDL, drivers must go to the DMV and apply for one. The cost of an enhanced license will vary based on the state, but there's always an extra fee to pay for having a license that also doubles as a means for travel identification. The ID will have a visible differentiation between what it is vs. a regular driver's license, which is to keep people from replicating them or counterfeiting an EDL. It also might take slightly longer to get an EDL in the mail since, while it is a driver's license, it does vary from the typical license.

EDLs are extended licenses allowing a person to travel between states and certain countries. They will have a different look than a standard license and should be permissible at border checks, state lines, and traffic stops. People can use them to get in and out of Mexico and Canada, which is helpful.

The benefit of having one of these is the fact that travelers can use it to get into both Canada and Mexico, and it can be shown at both border crossings as a form of legitimate identification for entry. An EDL can also be used in the event that a traveler is going to the Caribbean, which is helpful in the event that someone doesn't have a passport or doesn't have time to obtain one (always check territory restrictions before booking trips).

So, it could be said that an EDL is great for use in 'local' international travel. However, this doesn't mean that it's always a substitute for a passport. Additionally, since the EDL is not available in every state, it means that more than half of the country does not have access to such a form of identification. So, there are still downsides to this, and it does not grant travelers access across all international borders, nor does it replace a passport when boarding a plane to another country. Temporary EDLs also are not accepted at border crossings, so, similar to a passport, travelers will be required to wait until they've received the formal copy of their license before using it for travel purposes.

Related: Why Are There More Passports & Immigrations Than Countries?

Enhanced ID Versus REAL ID: Which Is Better?

  • Enhanced Driver's Licenses are used without passports, while REAL IDs are not.
  • Obtaining a REAL ID is good for airports and secondary identification when entering or leaving the United States.

On top of an EDL, there is also something called a REAL ID. These work similarly, allowing government agencies to distinguish who's a US citizen versus a foreigner. With a REAL ID, the card will have a specialty stamp of citizenship, which can be used at airports, borders, etc. However, these aren't considered better than Enhanced Driver's Licenses, as they can't get people in and out of countries without a passport.

According to the Department of Homeland Security , a REAL ID is a nationwide effort to improve the integrity and security of State-issued driver's licenses and ID cards. They essentially offer a second layer of trust and protection to you and the ID in question, so this could be an alternative to look into. People still need a passport to enter the country with a REAL ID, so that's one downside. Domestically, it's not required to have both. They're also about $30 cheaper than EDLs.

If someone travels domestically often, a REAL ID is a good investment. They're cheaper than Enhanced Driver's Licenses but need a passport with them at international entry and exit points.

Is A Passport Better Than An Extended Driver's License?

  • Passports are often seen as superior to EDLs.
  • Those who don't have access to Extended Driver's Licenses can apply for passports.

For people who don't live in states where EDLs are available, obviously, it makes sense to get a passport. EDLs are much cheaper, but for those on a budget who are looking to do that 'local' international travel, a passport card might be something to look into. For those who do live in EDL states, it's a worthy thing to have, even if they're not planning on crossing international borders anytime soon. For a fee that's not extraordinary, it won't break the budget to splurge for the extra $30 or so license.

Anyone who does live in a state where an EDL is an option but is planning on traveling to a country that's not Canada, Mexico, or the Caribbean should absolutely invest in a passport. Simply put, EDL does not grant access to any other countries and will likely never be used for such purposes. It's easier to think of the EDL as a special privilege granted to certain states that share borders with other countries - it won't grant access to the world, but it will allow country-to-country crossings. A passport is a long-term investment that, in the long run, will permit travel practically anywhere and will last longer than an enhanced license.

Getting A Passport Just Got Easier

The United States is (finally) making it easier to apply for passports. Starting in 2023, Americans will be able to apply for their passport renewals online (but not for their first passports - that takes longer ). This will help make the whole process much simpler. It could be better as the new system will still lag behind the speed and convenience of other countries like New Zealand (which have been renewing passports online for many years).

The standard fee for renewing a passport will be $130.00, and it will be valid for 10 years. It will take 7 to 10 weeks to receive one's passport - although this can be expedited for an extra fee.

  • Standard Fee: $130.00 Standard Renewal
  • Routine Service: 7 to 10 Weeks

Over the border in Canada, the Canadians have been at work simplifying the renewals of their passport too.

The question should not be an either/or debate about whether one should get a passport or an EDL. Instead, one should have both - especially if one lives near the borders with Canada or Mexico. That way, one can spontaneously decide to cross the border (one may not always be carrying a passport around). Most people should just invest in having both. There are many reasons why everyone should have a passport .

Passport Vs. Enhanced License: They Both Permit International Travel, So What's The Difference?

Protect Your Trip »

Here's when you need (and don't need) a passport to cruise.

It's the type of sailing – closed-loop or open-loop – that largely determines whether or not you need a passport to cruise.

Do You Need a Passport for a Cruise?

Passports on a map showing cruise lanes.

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A passport isn't always required for cruising.

To determine whether or not you need a passport to cruise, you first need to figure out if the itinerary is closed-loop or open-loop (also known as open-jaw).

Closed-loop cruise: A closed-loop cruise typically doesn't require a passport since it begins and ends in the same U.S. port (though there are some exceptions to this rule).

Example: Royal Caribbean International 's seven-night Western Caribbean & Perfect Day cruise stops in several countries – the Bahamas, Jamaica, Haiti and Grand Cayman – but the itinerary is considered closed-loop because it starts and ends in Fort Lauderdale, Florida.

Open-loop cruise: An open-loop cruise begins in one U.S. port and ends in a different U.S. port.

Example: Carnival Cruise Line 's 16-day Panama Canal from Seattle itinerary is not considered closed-loop because it departs from Seattle and completes its journey in New Orleans.

All of the above regulations have been determined by the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative: a plan by the departments of State and Homeland Security that determines which documents are acceptable for proving identity and citizenship when entering the United States.

Where to cruise without a passport

There are several destinations where you can cruise without a passport on a closed-loop sailing. They include the following:

  • The Bahamas

When looking at cruises to these locations, be mindful of the home ports. The Bahamas, Mexico, Bermuda, the Caribbean and Canada are all foreign ports, which means they only qualify for the passport exception if they are a stop along your cruise itinerary . If the cruise originates in any of these countries, it is likely you will need a passport.

Since Alaska, Hawaii and New England are all U.S. destinations, any closed-loop routes departing from these locations will not require a passport. However, keep in mind that it can be hard to find closed-loop cruises originating in Hawaii or Alaska.

To find closed-loop itineraries for a Hawaiian voyage or Alaskan cruise , try searching for sailings departing from major cities on the West Coast, like Seattle or Los Angeles . By contrast, quite a few closed-loop cruises leave from New England ports, but they are often marketed as Canadian cruises.

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When you need a passport for closed-loop cruises

Some cruise itineraries include foreign ports that require a passport for disembarkation. This is most commonly an issue for travelers on a closed-loop Caribbean cruise. Barbados , Guadeloupe , Haiti, Martinique , St. Barts , and Trinidad and Tobago all require U.S. citizens to present a valid passport to disembark and enter the country, despite WHTI regulations not requiring a passport for these destinations. Labadee, Royal Caribbean's private island , is an exception and does not require a passport despite its location in Haiti.

If your itinerary includes a country requiring a U.S. passport, your cruise line will require you to have the passport at check-in. Note that your passport must not expire within six months of your arrival in a foreign country or else it won't be considered valid for international travel.

Read: The Easiest Way to Renew Your Passport

Acceptable forms of ID

All travelers – U.S. citizens and foreign nationals alike – must present documents that show identity and citizenship when entering the United States. A U.S. passport can show both. If you don't have one or don't want to bring one, be aware that you may need to present more than one document.

U.S. citizens 16 and older

If you're a U.S. citizen age 16 or older sailing on a closed-loop cruise without your passport, you will need a government-issued photo ID like a driver's license. In addition, you must present a document that proves your U.S. citizenship. These include:

  • Passport card
  • State-issued enhanced driver's license (EDL)
  • Government-issued birth certificate
  • Trusted Traveler Program card (NEXUS, SENTRI or FAST)
  • American Indian Card (Form I-872) or Enhanced Tribal ID Card

The Trusted Traveler Programs are risk-based programs to facilitate the entry of travelers who have been vetted and preapproved. Most of these programs will provide you with a machine-readable card that allows you to pass through border checkpoints quickly. Keep in mind, some of these IDs are only available to travelers 16 and older.

Read: TSA Precheck vs. Global Entry

U.S. citizens younger than 16

U.S. citizens younger than 16 are only required to present proof of citizenship, such as one of the following documents:

  • Original, notarized or certified copy of their government-issued birth certificate
  • Consular Report of Birth Abroad issued by U.S. Department of State
  • Certificate of Naturalization issued by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services

Read: How to Get a Passport for Kids

Non-U.S. citizens

If you are a lawful permanent resident (or LPR) of the United States, you are required to present a permanent resident card or other valid evidence of permanent residence status.

Non-U.S. citizens, with the exception of Canadians and Mexicans, are not subject to passport exceptions, so a valid passport will need to be provided. Canadian citizens can present a valid passport, Enhanced Driver's License or Trusted Traveler Program card. Mexican citizens must present a passport with a visa or a Border Crossing Card.

Unacceptable forms of ID

While most common forms of identification are accepted, there are a few exceptions. U.S. military identification cards and U.S. Merchant Mariner documents are valid forms of identification, but only when traveling on official orders or in conjunction with official maritime business, so it is unlikely they will be accepted when traveling on a cruise.

Here are some other documents that will not be accepted as proof of citizenship:

  • Voter registration cards
  • Social Security cards
  • Baptismal papers
  • Hospital certificates of birth (for anyone older than a newborn)

It is important to note that many of the permitted forms of identification, such as a passport card or EDL, are only accepted at land and sea border crossings. Unforeseen circumstances, such as a medical air evacuation, may cause you to return to the U.S. by air travel. In this case, these documents won't be accepted when you try to reenter at the border crossing.

To avoid extra delays in your return to the U.S. following unforeseen travel complications, the Department of State recommends that everyone taking a cruise from the United States carry a valid passport book in case of emergency.

Why Trust U.S. News Travel

Erin Vasta has traveled extensively to international destinations, gaining a deep knowledge of travel regulations in the process. Her expertise in this area has saved her family and friends from unnecessary travel delays and ensured stress-free trips through border security in nearly 15 countries. To write this article, Vasta used her international travel experience and research skills.

You might also be interested in:

  • The Top Passport Holders
  • Cruise Packing List: Essentials to Bring
  • Safe at Sea: The Best Cruise Insurance

Tags: Travel , Travel Tips

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  • # 4 Bora Bora

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Trump criminal trial wraps for the day after opening statements and first witness

From CNN's Jeremy Herb, Lauren del Valle and Kara Scannell in the courthouse

Key takeaways from opening statements and the first witness in Trump's hush money trial

From CNN's Jeremy Herb, Lauren del Valle and Kara Scannell

Prosecutors and Trump’s attorneys delivered opening statements and the first witness — a former National Enquirer publisher — was called Monday in the historic and unprecedented criminal trial of a former president.

Each side got their first chance to lay out a theory of the case for jurors. Prosecutors told jurors that the reimbursement of hush money payments made to adult film star Stormy Daniels was part of a larger conspiracy to influence the 2016 presidential election.

The former president’s attorneys responded by telling the jury that Trump was innocent and not involved in the creation of the 34 business records he’s charged with falsifying. They also pointedly added that there’s “nothing wrong with trying to influence an election.”

Here are key takeaways from Monday:

  • Prosecutors say Trump schemed "to corrupt the 2016 presidential election": The district attorney’s office framed the case for jurors as illegal payments to try to influence illicitly influence the 2016 election that Trump then tried to illegally cover up by falsifying business records. Prosecutor Matthew Colangelo walked the jury through Trump’s efforts, along with Michael Cohen and former American Media Inc., chief David Pecker, to keep damaging information from coming to light during the 2016 election.
  • Defense says Donald Trump is innocent: Defense attorney Todd Blanche began his opening statement with a simple assertion: “Donald Trump is innocent.” Blanche told the jury that the story isn’t as simple as prosecutors laid out and argued that Trump was not involved with any of the business records he’s accused of falsifying beyond signing the checks. Blanche didn’t dispute the paper trail existed, but he argued to the jury there was nothing illegal about signing non-disclosure agreements — or trying to influence an election.
  • Tabloid publisher testifies first: Prosecutors called former AMI CEO David Pecker as the first witness in their case against Trump. He testified for less than 30 minutes Monday morning before the trial adjourned for the day. He’s expected to continue testifying Tuesday. Colangelo teed up the former tabloid publisher as a key player in Trump’s “catch and kill” scheme to control the public narrative about him ahead of the 2016 election.
  • Gag order hearing will lead off court on Tuesday: Before the trial resumes Tuesday, Judge Juan Merchan is holding a hearing on allegations that Trump violated the judge’s gag order barring discussion of witnesses. The district attorney’s office asked the judge to fine Trump $1,000 for each of several gag order violations leading up to and since the trial started. In addition to the fines, prosecutors want the judge to remind Trump he could be imprisoned if he continues to disobey the order.
  • Trump was thinking about the $175 million bond hearing down the street: Meanwhile, other lawyers for Trump were in a courtroom a block away arguing over the legitimacy of the $175 million bond Trump posted to appeal the judgment in his civil fraud trial. Trump, who could not attend the civil hearing because he’s required to attend each day of the criminal trial, railed against Attorney General Letitia James.

Fact check: Trump falsely claims Michael Cohen’s crimes "had nothing to do with me"

From CNN’s Daniel Dale

Speaking to reporters Monday after opening statements in his criminal trial in Manhattan, former President Donald Trump declared that the crimes committed by his former lawyer and fixer Michael Cohen “had nothing to do with me.” 

Cohen is expected to be a key  witness for the prosecution . Trump said: “The things he got in trouble for were things that had nothing to do with me. He got in trouble; he went to jail. This has nothing to do with me. This had to do with the taxicab company that he owned, which is just something he owned – and medallions and borrowing money and a lot of things – but it had nothing to do with me.” 

Facts First:  Trump’s claim that Cohen’s prison sentence “had nothing to do with me” is false. Cohen’s three-year sentence in 2018 was for  multiple crimes , some of which were directly related to Trump. Most notably, Cohen was sentenced for  campaign finance offenses   connected to a hush money scheme  during the 2016 presidential campaign to conceal Trump’s alleged extramarital relationships -- the same hush money scheme that is central to this prosecution against Trump. Cohen was  also sentenced to two months in prison , to run concurrently with the three-year sentence, for  lying to Congress in 2017 in relation to previous talks about the possibility of building a Trump Tower in Moscow, Russia , including about the  extent of Trump’s involvement in the aborted Moscow initiative  and about when in 2016 the discussions ended. (The discussions continued into June 2016, the month after Trump  became the presumptive Republican nominee , and did not conclude in January 2016 before the first votes were cast, as Cohen had claimed.)

Referring to Trump as “Individual-1,” Cohen  said  at the time of his 2018 guilty plea for making false statements to the US Senate Select Committee on Intelligence: “I made these statements to be consistent with Individual-1’s political messaging and out of loyalty to Individual-1.” When Cohen pleaded guilty in 2018 to the campaign finance violations, he  said  he broke the law “in coordination and at the direction of a candidate for federal office,” Trump. 

David Pecker is an important witness in prosecutor's quest to prove criminal intent, legal analyst says

From CNN's Elise Hammond

This court sketch shows David Pecker testifying during former President Donald Trump's criminal hush money trial.

David Pecker will be back on the stand on Tuesday to continue testimony in the hush money trial against former President Donald Trump. Not only is he the first witness to answer questions from the prosecution, but he is also a critical piece of how the state is trying to prove criminal intent, one former federal prosecutor said.

Criminal intent means that “not just an act happened, but an act happened for a purpose,” said Elliot Williams, a CNN legal analyst. “The defendant did something wrong to carry out some criminal purpose.”

As the then-chairman of American Media Inc., which publishes the National Enquirer, Pecker was involved in numerous “catch-and-kill” schemes he orchestrated on behalf of Trump, and he allegedly helped broker the deal with adult film star Stormy Daniels which is at the center of  the case.

“It’s not just the catch-and-kill payments, but catch-and-kill payments for the purpose of concealing information from voters in the context of an election,” Williams explained, referring to the 2016 presidential election. 

Williams said it’s likely that prosecutors will focus much of their questioning trying to uncover what was discussed in meetings between Pecker and Trump.

The question at the heart of the argument, Williams said, is if the payments were intended to conceal information from voters, “or was it just Donald Trump saying, ‘Well, you know, this is embarrassing to my wife and my kids, I really want to keep this hidden.’”

Read about the stages of Trump's criminal trial — and what they mean 

From CNN's Lauren del Valle, Jhasua Razo and Gillian Roberts

Former President Donald Trump’s first criminal trial is expected to take six to eight weeks from start to finish.

This trial, related to a  hush money payment  to adult film star Stormy Daniels in 2016, is the first of  four ongoing criminal cases  that are expected to head to trial for the presumptive 2024 GOP presidential nominee.

Now that opening statements are done, prosecutors are presenting trial evidence through witness testimony and exhibits. David Pecker, the ex-publisher of the National Enquirer, will resume testimony Tuesday.

Defense attorneys can cross examine the prosecution’s witnesses and typically aim to discredit their testimony. Witnesses’ responses are considered evidence, but not the questions posed by an attorney.

Read more about the stages of the trial, and what they mean here.

Michael Cohen jabs back at Trump's claim that Cohen's crimes have nothing to do with him

From CNN's Laura Dolan

In this October 2023 photo, Michael Cohen leaves for a break during the civil business fraud trial of former President Donald Trump at New York Supreme Court in New York.

Michael Cohen, who is expected to be a key witness in Donald Trump’s criminal trial, jabbed back at his former boss in response to comments Trump made about him outside the courtroom Monday.

Speaking to reporters in the courtroom hallway after court concluded, Trump said Cohen’s crimes have “nothing to do with me."

“He got in trouble, he went to jail. This has nothing to do with me,” said Trump. “This had to do with the taxicab company that he owned, which is just something he owned — and medallions and borrowing money.”

Shortly after those comments. Cohen posted on social media, “Hey Von ShitzInPantz … your attacks of me stink of desperation. We are all hoping that you take the stand in your defense. 

Cohen, who is Trump’s former attorney, served time in federal prison after pleading guilty to breaking federal campaign laws when he facilitated the $130,000 payment to Stormy Daniels, which is directly linked to the charges against Trump.  As for the taxi medallions that Trump referenced, Cohen was also sentenced for tax evasion related to a taxi medallion enterprise and lying to a bank in relation to a home loan. 

Trump is under a gag order and was ordered by Judge Juan Merchan not to comment about any witnesses in the trial.

CNN's Daniel Dale contributed to this post.

See courtroom sketches from today's Trump trial

No cameras are allowed inside the Manhattan courtroom where Donald Trump's hush money trial is underway, but a sketch artist captured the scene as opening statements unfolded and the first witness took the stand.

Prosecutor Matthew Colangelo speaks at the lectern Monday morning in opening statements in Day 5 of former President Donald Trump's criminal hush money trial taking place in Manhattan, New York, on April 22.

Biden builds early advertising edge as Trump spends millions on legal fees

From CNN's David Wright

President Joe Biden and his allies have nearly tripled Donald Trump’s network in ad spending over the last month and a half while the former president has had to devote millions of campaign funds to legal expenses — and sit in a New York courthouse for his hush money trial.

Since March 6, after Super Tuesday when Trump effectively secured the 2024 GOP presidential nomination, through April 21, Biden’s campaign and other Democratic advertisers spent $27.2 million on advertising for the presidential race, while the Trump campaign and GOP advertisers spent about $9.3 million, according to AdImpact data.

Ad spending data (presidential race, March 6 to April 21)

  • Democrats: $27,153,293
  • Republicans: $9,344,948

During that time, Biden's campaign has spent millions in key battleground states, including $4.1 million in Michigan, $3.9 million in Pennsylvania, and at least $2 million in Arizona, Wisconsin, and Georgia. And the Biden network has used its plentiful airtime to promote the administration’s first-term record and slam Trump, focusing on key issues such as the  cost of living  and  abortion rights .

Meanwhile, Trump’s network has failed to match that effort since he became the presumptive nominee, though a pro-Trump super PAC, MAGA Inc., recently ramped up its advertising, booking over $1 million worth of airtime in Pennsylvania to coincide with Biden’s recent campaign swing through the state last week.

Trump has also benefited over that stretch from a nearly $3 million anti-Biden campaign from outside groups aligned with the oil and gas industries, which have been  running ads  in Pennsylvania, Michigan, and Wisconsin, criticizing California fuel standards  defended  by the Biden administration. But despite some recent signs of activity, Trump’s network has been significantly outspent on the airwaves since his general election matchup with Biden came into focus. And  the latest round of FEC filings  shows how Biden’s fundraising edge is enabling that advertising advantage, as Trump’s ongoing legal battles drain millions from his campaign coffers.  

How we got here: A timeline of the Donald Trump and Stormy Daniels hush money case

From CNN’s Lauren del Valle, Kara Scannell, Annette Choi and Gillian Roberts 

The first criminal trial of a US ex-president is underway in New York, where former President Donald Trump faces charges from the Manhattan District attorney related to a hush money payment to adult film star Stormy Daniels in 2016. 

This is the first of four criminal cases expected to go to trial for Trump, also the presumptive 2024 GOP presidential nominee. CNN compiled a timeline of the key events leading up to the historic trial. 

Here’s how we got here: 

  • September 2016: Donald Trump discusses a $150,000 hush money payment understood to be for former Playboy model Karen McDougal with Michael Cohen who secretly records the conversation . McDougal has alleged she had an extramarital affair with Trump beginning in 2006, which he has denied. 
  • October 7, 2016: The Washington Post releases an "Access Hollywood" video from 2005 in which Trump uses vulgar language to describe his sexual approach to women with then show host Billy Bush. 
  • October 27, 2016: According to prosecutors, Cohen pays Daniels $130,000 to her attorney through a shell company in exchange for her silence about an affair she allegedly had with Trump in 2006. This $130,000 sum is separate from the $150,000 paid to McDougal. Trump has publicly denied having any affairs and has denied making the payments. 
  • November 8, 2016: Trump secures the election to become the 45th president of the United States. 
  • February 2017: Prosecutors say Cohen meets with Trump in the Oval Office to confirm how he would be reimbursed for the hush money payment Cohen fronted to Daniels. Under the plan, Cohen would send a series of false invoices requesting payment for legal services he performed pursuant to a retainer agreement and receive monthly checks for $35,000 for a total of $420,000 to cover the payment, his taxes and a bonus, prosecutors alleged. Prosecutors also allege there was never a retainer agreement. 
  • January 2018: The Wall Street Journal breaks news about the hush money payment Cohen made to Daniels in 2016. 

See the full timeline.  

Trump is also facing charges in 3 other criminal cases

From CNN’s Devan Cole, Amy O'Kruk and Curt Merrill 

Former President Donald Trump's motorcade outside of the Fulton County Jail in Atlanta, Georgia, on Thursday, August 24.

The hush money criminal trial against former President Donald Trump is just one of  four criminal cases  he faces while juggling his presidential campaign.

The former president is facing at least  88 charges  over the four criminal indictments in Georgia, New York, Washington, DC, and Florida. Trump has pleaded not guilty to every charge in these cases. 

Here's a recap of each case: 

  • Hush money:  Trump was first indicted in March 2023 by the Manhattan district attorney on state charges related to a hush-money payment to an adult film star in 2016. Prosecutors allege Trump was part of an illegal conspiracy to  undermine  the integrity of the 2016 election. Further, they allege he was part of an unlawful plan to suppress negative information, including the $130,000 payment. 
  • Classified documents:  Trump was indicted in June 2023 by a federal grand jury in Miami for taking classified national defense documents from the White House after he left office and resisting the government’s attempts to retrieve the materials. The National Archives said in early 2022 that at least 15 boxes of White House records were recovered from the estate, including   some that were classified . The charges were brought by special counsel Jack Smith. 
  • Federal election interference:  Smith separately charged the former president last August with four crimes over his efforts to reverse the 2020 election results. The indictment alleges Trump and a co-conspirator "attempted to exploit the violence and chaos at the Capitol by calling lawmakers to convince them ... to delay the certification" of the election. That case is currently on hold as the Supreme Court weighs Trump’s claims of presidential immunity in the matter. 
  • Fulton County:  State prosecutors in Georgia brought a similar election subversion case against Trump and others. An Atlanta-based grand jury on August 14, 2023, indicted Trump and 18 others on state charges stemming from their alleged efforts to overturn the former president’s 2020 electoral defeat. A trial date has not yet been set in that case. 

Read more about  the four criminal cases  Trump faces.  

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